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Zeydalinejad N, Javadi AA, Webber JL. Global perspectives on groundwater infiltration to sewer networks: A threat to urban sustainability. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 262:122098. [PMID: 39032334 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
While existing studies on sewer networks have explored topics such as surface water inflow, limited research has delved into groundwater infiltration (GWI). This study aims to fill this void by providing a comprehensive overview of quantitative analyses of GWI in sewer networks plus current status, limitations and future perspectives, considering the most relevant peer-reviewed research, including 83 studies. We propose dividing the existing research into two main groups: (1) phreatic zone, and (2) vadose zone. Most research has focused on the latter, mainly considering Rainfall-Derived Inflow and Infiltration (RDII), including surface water inflow and GWI. The ratio of each is not frequently separated; otherwise, there may be some assumptions, e.g. in dry weather and assuming zero surface water inflow. We also divided the employed approaches in different categories from physically-based numerical models, to simpler ones, e.g. water budget analysis. In fact, a combination of approaches may be applied to find the intricate characteristics of 'urban groundwater' or 'urban karst.' The findings revealed a heightened vulnerability of sewer networks to GWI, due to climate change (CC) and its associated repercussions, e.g. sea level rise (SLR), making the coastal cities the most vulnerable regions. In future research, the criticality of pre-emptive measures and monitoring of networks, especially near the coastline, is emphasised to ensure the resilience and adaptability of sewer networks in the context of GWI amid the potential impacts of CC. However, current monitoring practices lack widespread evidence for spatiotemporal analysis of GWI quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat Zeydalinejad
- Centre for Water Systems, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom.
| | - Akbar A Javadi
- Centre for Water Systems, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
| | - James L Webber
- Centre for Water Systems, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom
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Du G, Ding Y, Li C, Zhang L, Li J, Li M, Zhu W, He C. Preparation of Cu/Cu 2O/BC and Its Performance in Adsorption-Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange in Water. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4306. [PMID: 39274696 PMCID: PMC11395977 DOI: 10.3390/ma17174306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a low-cost novel Cu/Cu2O/BC nanocomposite visible-light photocatalyst by the impregnation method using CuSO4·5H2O and rice husk biochar (BC) as raw materials and Na2S2O4 as a single reductant to improve the stability and dispersion of the Cu/Cu2O nanoparticles, in order to solve their aggregation tendency during photocatalysis. The morphology and structure of the Cu/Cu2O/BC were characterized using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The photocatalytic effect and cyclic stability of the synthesized photocatalyst on methyl orange (MO) removal were investigated under visible light radiation and various parameter conditions, including the mass ratio of BC to Cu/Cu2O, initial MO concentration, pH, temperature, and catalyst dosage. The results show that the synthesized Cu/Cu2O/BC nanocomposite composed of Cu/Cu2O spherical particles was loaded on the BC carrier, which has better stability and dispersion. The best adsorption-photocatalytic effect of the Cu/Cu2O/BC is exhibited when the mass ratio of BC to Cu/Cu2O is 0.2. A total of 100 mg of Cu/Cu2O/BC can remove 95% of the MO and 88.26% of the COD in the aqueous solution at pH = 6, T = 25 °C, and an initial MO concentration of 100 mg/L. After five cycles of degradation, the MO degradation rate in the sample can still remain at 78.41%. Both the quasi-secondary kinetic model and the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model describe the adsorption process. Additionally, the thermodynamic analysis demonstrates that the photocatalytic process follows the quasi-primary kinetic model and that the removal process is of spontaneous heat absorption. The photocatalyst described in this paper offers a cost-effective, easily prepared, and visible-light-responsive solution for water pollution treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Du
- College of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Yarong Ding
- College of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Canhua Li
- College of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Metallurgy and Solid Waste Resource Utilization, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- College of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Jiamao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Minghui Li
- College of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Weichang Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jiuquan Vocational and Technical College, Jiuquan 735000, China
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Hachad M, Burnet JB, Sylvestre É, Duy SV, Villemur R, Sauvé S, Prévost M, Qiu JY, Pang X, Dorner S. β-D-glucuronidase activity triggered monitoring of fecal contamination using microbial and chemical source tracking markers at drinking water intakes. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121374. [PMID: 38422696 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Intense rainfall and snowmelt events may affect the safety of drinking water, as large quantities of fecal material can be discharged from storm or sewage overflows or washed from the catchment into drinking water sources. This study used β-d-glucuronidase activity (GLUC) with microbial source tracking (MST) markers: human, bovine, porcine mitochondrial DNA markers (mtDNA) and human-associated Bacteroidales HF183 and chemical source tracking (CST) markers including caffeine, carbamazepine, theophylline and acetaminophen, pathogens (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, adenovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus), water quality indicators (Escherichia coli, turbidity) and hydrometeorological data (flowrate, precipitation) to assess the vulnerability of 3 drinking water intakes (DWIs) and identify sources of fecal contamination. Water samples were collected under baseline, snow and rain events conditions in urban and agricultural catchments (Québec, Canada). Dynamics of E. coli, HF183 and WWMPs were similar during contamination events, and concentrations generally varied over 1 order of magnitude during each event. Elevated human-associated marker levels during events demonstrated that urban DWIs were impacted by recent contamination from an upstream municipal water resource recovery facility (WRRF). In the agricultural catchment, mixed fecal pollution was observed with the occurrences and increases of enteric viruses, human bovine and porcine mtDNA during peak contaminating events. Bovine mtDNA qPCR concentrations were indicative of runoff of cattle-derived fecal pollutants to the DWI from diffuse sources following rain events. This study demonstrated that the suitability of a given MST or CST indicator depend on river and catchment characteristics. The sampling strategy using continuous online GLUC activity coupled with MST and CST markers analysis was a more reliable source indicator than turbidity to identify peak events at drinking water intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Hachad
- NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada; Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Burnet
- NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada; Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Émile Sylvestre
- NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada; Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Sung Vo Duy
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succ, Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Richard Villemur
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succ, Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michèle Prévost
- NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Judy Y Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 116th & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Xiaoli Pang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 116th & 85 Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sarah Dorner
- Canada Research Chair in Source Water Protection, Department of Civil, Geological, and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada
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Show S, Akhter R, Paul I, Das P, Bal M, Bhattacharya R, Bose D, Mondal A, Saha S, Halder G. Efficacy of exopolysaccharide in dye-laden wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141753. [PMID: 38531498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The discharge of dye-laden wastewater into the water streams causes severe water and soil pollution, which poses a global threat to aquatic ecosystems and humans. A diverse array of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) of different compositions and exhibit great bioflocculation potency to sustainably eradicate dyes from water bodies. Nanomodified chemical composites of EPS enable their recyclability during dye-laden wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, the selection of potent EPS-producing strains and physiological parameters of microbial growth and the remediation process could influence the removal efficiency of EPS. This review will intrinsically discuss the fundamental importance of EPS from diverse microbial origins and their nanomodified chemical composites, the mechanisms in EPS-mediated bioremediation of dyes, and the parametric influences on EPS-mediated dye removal through sorption/bioflocculation. This review will pave the way for designing and adopting futuristic green and sustainable EPS-based bioremediation strategies for dye-laden wastewater in situ and ex situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumona Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramisa Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Indrani Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700125, West Bengal, India
| | - Payal Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Manisha Bal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Riya Bhattacharya
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Debajyoti Bose
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Vedanta College, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Shouvik Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700125, West Bengal, India.
| | - Gopinath Halder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India.
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Naidoo K, Nzimande NP, Morris F. Investigating the socioeconomic impacts of sewage spillages on businesses in the Umhlanga Rocks coastline area. JAMBA (POTCHEFSTROOM, SOUTH AFRICA) 2024; 16:1602. [PMID: 38725876 PMCID: PMC11079421 DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v16i1.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Sewage spillage is fast becoming a significant concern in South Africa because of the deteriorating infrastructure and substandard service delivery. Thus, this study investigated the socioeconomic impacts of sewage spillages on businesses in the Umhlanga Rocks coastline area. A questionnaire with open and closed-ended questions was used to collect data from business owners in the affected area. One hundred business owners were handed questionnaires to complete, and 95 completed questionnaires were collected. The qualitative data from the questionnaires were analysed using thematic analysis, whereby line-by-line coding was manually completed using Excel. The quantitative data were analysed in R studio using numerous statistical tests, including the Shapiro-Wilk test, the Chi-square test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's test, and Cohen's d test. The thematic analysis and statistical testing results showed that sewage spillages disrupted businesses significantly. Results indicated that businesses of different sizes experienced socioeconomic losses differently. Consequently, the results of this study have implications for business owners and communities living in the affected area. Moreover, findings have revealed practical strategies and interventions that may be used by micro- to medium-scale businesses to mitigate the socioeconomic impact of sewage spillages. Contribution The practical strategies revealed in this study contribute to reducing the vulnerability of communities and businesses to sewage spillages. Findings of the study have also been disseminated to the business owners and other relevant stakeholders to provide them with alternative solutions in 'softening the blow' caused by the spillages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalin Naidoo
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ntombifuthi P Nzimande
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Humanities, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Feroza Morris
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Abdella FIA, El-Sofany WI, Mansour D. Water scarcity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27554-27565. [PMID: 38587779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Saudi Arabia (SA) is one of the world's arid, most water-scarce nations without permanent water resources. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of Saudi Arabia's water resources availability and reliability in terms of water supply, demand, and the major challenges that water faces. Saudi has an annual water supply of roughly 89.5 m3 per person as consumption is rising in parallel with the country's rapid population growth and development. SA produces the most desalinated seawater in the world, accounting for 22% of worldwide consumption. Due to changes in agricultural demand, Saudi Arabia's overall water needs in 2020 were 15.98 BCM. Apart from agricultural use, the food industry utilizes up to 80% of freshwater supplies, with only around 20% of rain recharging the aquifer, meaning that the region will still be water-stressed by 2025. In addition to wastewater reuse, water expenses should be split between private investors and the government, and water losses in cities should be collected and recycled. Water development projects must also be safeguarded and have long-term viability for the community's future and well-being. Despite previous conservation efforts (public awareness campaigns, television and other public media messages, drip irrigation, and so on), more work is required, including improving water resource infrastructure, implementing environmental use of friendly technologies, and increasing economic feasibility, social acceptability, and management in light of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza I A Abdella
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Walaa I El-Sofany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Photochemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Scopus Affiliation ID 60014618, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dorsaf Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Abaasa CN, Ayesiga S, Lejju JB, Andama M, Tamwesigire IK, Bazira J, Byarugaba F. Assessing the quality of drinking water from selected water sources in Mbarara city, South-western Uganda. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297794. [PMID: 38547180 PMCID: PMC10977771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the physical, chemical, and microbiological quality with emphasis on risk score, source apportionment, geochemistry, feacal coliforms and water quality index of drinking water from selected water sources. A cross-sectional study was conducted in six villages in Mbarara city, south-western Uganda. Each selected source was inspected using a WHO-adopted sanitary inspection questionnaire. Each source's risk score was calculated. Thirty-seven samples were taken from one borehole, nine open dug wells, four rain harvest tanks, and twenty-three taps. The values for apparent color and phosphate were higher than the permissible level as set by the World Health Organization and Ugandan standards (US EAS 12). The isolated organisms were Klebsiella spp. (8.11%), Citrobacter divergens (62.16%), Citrobacter fluendii (2.7%), E. coli (35.14%), Enterobacter aerogenes (8.11%), Enterobacter agglomerus (5.4%), Proteus spp. (2.7%), Enterobacter cloacae (13.5%), and Proteus mirabilis (2.7%). Twelve water sources (32.4%) had water that was unfit for human consumption that was unfit for human consumption (Grade E), Five sources (13.5%) had water that had a very poor index (Grade D), nine (24.3%) had water of poor index (Grade C), eight (21.6%) had water of good water index (Grade B), and only three (8.1%) had water of excellent water quality index (Grade A). The piper trilinear revealed that the dominant water type of the area were Mgso4 and Caso4 type. Gibbs plot represents precipitation dominance. PCA for source apportionment showed that well, tap and borehole water account for the highest variations in the quality of drinking water. These results suggest that drinking water from sources in Mbarara city is not suitable for direct human consumption without treatment. We recommend necessary improvements in water treatment, distribution, and maintenance of all the available water sources in Mbarara City, South Western Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine N. Abaasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Savino Ayesiga
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Julius B. Lejju
- Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | | | - Joel Bazira
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Frederick Byarugaba
- Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Abbasi HN, Ahmad W, Shahzad KA, Lu X. Evaluating the potential of Abelmoschus esculentus, Solanum melongena, and Capsicum annuum spp. for nutrient and microbial reduction from wastewater in hybrid constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:293. [PMID: 38383675 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing engineered wetlands for the cultivation of vegetables can help to overcome the problems of water and food scarcity. These wetlands are primarily designed for wastewater treatment, and their efficiency and effectiveness can be improved by selecting an appropriate substrate. To investigate the potential for nutrient and microbial removal, the Abelmoschus esculentus, Solanum melongena, and Capsicum annuum L. plants were selected to grow in a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) under natural conditions. The removal efficiency of the A. esculentus, S. melongena, and C. annuum L. in the CW system varied between 59.8 to 68.5% for total phosphorous (TP), 40.3 to 53.1% for ammonium (NH4+), and 33.6 to 45.1% for total nitrogen (TN). The influent sample contained multiple pathogenic bacteria, including Alcaligenes faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, with Capsicum annuum exhibiting a positive association with 7 of the 11 detected species, whereas microbial removal efficiency was notably higher in the S. melongena bed, potentially attributed to temperature variations and plant-facilitated oxygen release rates. While utilizing constructed wetlands for vegetable cultivation holds promising potential to address the disparity between water and food supply and yield various environmental, economic, and social benefits, it is crucial to note that the wastewater source may contain heavy metals, posing a risk of their transmission to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Nawaz Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.
- School of Ennery and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Khawar Ali Shahzad
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Xiwu Lu
- School of Ennery and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Blanch AR, Méndez J, Lucena F, Casas-Mangas R, Chesa-Marro MJ, Llopart-Mascaró A, Jofre J. Somatic Coliphages as an Operational Tool to Assess Loss of Bathing Water Quality after Heavy Rain Events. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120981. [PMID: 38091698 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Rapid population growth and coastal development has led to increased fecal contamination of coastal surface waters worldwide, enhancing the potential risk of waterborne human pathogens in bathing areas. More frequent heavy rainfall events, attributed to global warming, have further exacerbated the problem by causing sometimes sewer overflows into recreational waters. As traditional bacterial indicators have limited accuracy for predicting health risks associated with waterborne viruses, the additional use of viral indicators such as coliphages is recommended. In this study, we compared the behavior of bacterial and viral indicators of water quality at 10 Barcelona beaches during three bathing seasons, in dry conditions, and after four rainstorms that caused specific pollution events due to rain runoff with combined sewer overflows (CSO). Levels of all target indicators increased after the rainstorms, but compared to Escherichia coli and intestinal enterococci, somatic coliphages exhibited a slower decline and higher environmental persistence following a rain event. Daily continuous sampling carried out during the days following a rainstorm allowed not only the determination of the decay kinetics of each target indicator but also the day when the water quality recovered the values established in the current European regulation in approximately 2 -3 days after each CSO. These observations indicate that the combined use of bacterial and viral indicators can enhance the surveillance of microbial quality of bathing waters. Moreover, coliphages can swiftly provide insights into transient fecal pollution linked to rainfall episodes, thanks to available analytical techniques that enable same-day recommendations. The management of urban wastewater and recreational water regulations should consistently employ microbial indicators to address rainwater runoff or sewer overflows resulting from heavy rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Blanch
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Méndez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Lucena
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de l'Aigua (IdRA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Casas-Mangas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Chesa-Marro
- Barcelona Cicle de l'Aigua, S.A. (BCASA). Ajuntament de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
| | - A Llopart-Mascaró
- Barcelona Cicle de l'Aigua, S.A. (BCASA). Ajuntament de Barcelona. Barcelona. Spain
| | - J Jofre
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Reial Acadèmia de Ciències i Arts de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Wu J, Ma Y, Song S. Reducing particle accumulation in sewers for mitigation of combined sewer overflow impacts on urban rivers: a critical review of particles in sewer sediments. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:89-115. [PMID: 38214988 PMCID: wst_2023_394 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Sewer sediments contain various hazardous compounds, leading to significant pollution risks when combined sewer overflows (CSOs) occur without appropriate controls. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the issues associated with particles in sewers, specifically focusing on the non-negligible contribution of particulate matter to CSOs, which leads to pollution in urban rivers. Therefore, the sources of particulate matter in sewers, their contributions to the overflow particles, and the specific areas of concern when it comes to managing particulate matter during particle transportation are outlined. Overall, carefully considering the goal of avoiding sedimentation during the drainage system design is the most effective prevention and control method for pipeline sediment, where minimum velocity and minimum shear stress are the core parameters. The establishment of a flexible and adaptive particle simulation method in drainage pipelines requires reliable simulation of particle sedimentation and erosion, the development of sediment prevention facilities with strong adaptability, and a comprehensive evaluation of economic and environmental benefits. With the ongoing enhancement of urbanization in developing countries, such studies will have more practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Shanghai Urban Water Resources Development & Utilization National Engineering Center Co. Ltd, 200082 Shanghai, China; Shanghai Chengtou Water Group Co., Ltd, 200002 Shanghai, China E-mail:
| | - Yan Ma
- Shanghai Urban Water Resources Development & Utilization National Engineering Center Co. Ltd, 200082 Shanghai, China; Shanghai Chengtou Water Group Co., Ltd, 200002 Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- Shanghai Urban Water Resources Development & Utilization National Engineering Center Co. Ltd, 200082 Shanghai, China; Shanghai Chengtou Water Group Co., Ltd, 200002 Shanghai, China
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11
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Waqas M, Wong MS, Stocchino A, Abbas S, Hafeez S, Zhu R. Marine plastic pollution detection and identification by using remote sensing-meta analysis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115746. [PMID: 37951122 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The persistent plastic litter, originating from different sources and transported from rivers to oceans, has posed serious biological, ecological, and chemical effects on the marine ecosystem, and is considered a global issue. In the past decade, many studies have identified, monitored, and tracked marine plastic debris in coastal and open ocean areas using remote sensing technologies. Compared to traditional surveying methods, high-resolution (spatial and temporal) multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing data have been substantially used to monitor floating marine macro litter (FMML). In this systematic review, we present an overview of remote sensing data and techniques for detecting FMML, as well as their challenges and opportunities. We reviewed the studies based on different sensors and platforms, spatial and spectral resolution, ground sampling data, plastic detection methods, and accuracy obtained in detecting marine litter. In addition, this study elaborates the usefulness of high-resolution remote sensing data in Visible (VIS), Near-infrared (NIR), and Short-Wave InfraRed (SWIR) range, along with spectral signatures of plastic, in-situ samples, and spectral indices for automatic detection of FMML. Moreover, the Thermal Infrared (TIR), Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data were introduced and these were demonstrated that could be used as a supplement dataset for the identification and quantification of FMML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Sing Wong
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute of Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Alessandro Stocchino
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sawaid Abbas
- Remote Sensing, GIS and Climatic Research Lab (RSGCRL), National Center of GIS and Space Applications, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sidrah Hafeez
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Institute of Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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12
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McDaniel EL, Atkinson SF, Tiwari C. Quantifying the land and population risk of sewage spills overland using a fine-scale, DEM-based GIS model. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16429. [PMID: 38025695 PMCID: PMC10666614 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accidental releases of untreated sewage into the environment, known as sewage spills, may cause adverse gastrointestinal stress to exposed populations, especially in young, elderly, or immune-compromised individuals. In addition to human pathogens, untreated sewage contains high levels of micropollutants, organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus, potentially resulting in aquatic ecosystem impacts such as algal blooms, depleted oxygen, and fish kills in spill-impacted waterways. Our Geographic Information System (GIS) model, Spill Footprint Exposure Risk (SFER) integrates fine-scale elevation data (1/3 arc-second) with flowpath tracing methods to estimate the expected overland pathways of sewage spills and the locations where they are likely to pool. The SFER model can be integrated with secondary measures tailored to the unique needs of decision-makers so they can assess spatially potential exposure risk. To illustrate avenues to assess risk, we developed risk measures for land and population health. The land risk of sewage spills is calculated for subwatershed regions by computing the proportion of the subwatershed's area that is affected by one modeled footprint. The population health risk is assessed by computing the estimated number of individuals who are within the modeled footprint using fine-scale (90 square meters) population estimates data from LandScan USA. In the results, with a focus on the Atlanta metropolitan region, potential strategies to combine these risk measures with the SFER model are outlined to identify specific areas for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. McDaniel
- Center for Disaster Informatics and Computational Epidemiology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Samuel F. Atkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chetan Tiwari
- Center for Disaster Informatics and Computational Epidemiology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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13
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Abdelkhalek S, Zayed T. A multi-tier deterioration assessment models for sewer and stormwater pipelines in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118913. [PMID: 37688955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Sewerage and stormwater networks are subjected to several deterioration factors, including aging, environmental conditions, and traffic. Maintaining these critical assets in good condition is essential to avoid harmful consequences, such as environmental contamination and negative implications on other infrastructure systems (e.g., water and road networks). Deterioration assessment models are effective and cost-efficient means for proactive management systems that can reduce such consequences. In this connection, this study aims to develop deterioration assessment models for sewer and stormwater pipelines in Hong Kong. First, critical factors that impact the deterioration process of these pipelines were identified. Data for these factors were then collected from the Drainage Services Department (DSD) and open-source data provided by the Hong Kong government. To improve prediction accuracy, a multi-tier concept was utilized in building the models. The first tier categorized pipelines into two groups: fail and not fail, whereas the second tier assigned a grade range from 1 to 3 to the "not fail" pipelines. Several artificial intelligence approaches, such as random forest, neural network, and SVM, were tested. Random forest achieved the highest accuracy in predicting pipelines condition, followed by neural networks. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the combined impact of two factors, with age being one of them, on the pipeline's performance. The findings of this study provide a robust decision-making tool that DSD authorities and consultants can use to optimize inspection and maintenance activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Abdelkhalek
- Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Tarek Zayed
- Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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14
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Huang H, Zhai M, Lei X, Chai B, Liao W, He L, Zuo X, Wang H. Rapid quantification of the surface overflow and underground infiltration in sewer pipes based on computer vision and continuous optimization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116606. [PMID: 37429396 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The overloading of the sewer network caused by unwarranted infiltration of stormwater may lead to waterlogging and environmental pollution. The accurate identification of infiltration and surface overflow is essential to predict and reduce these risks. To retrieve the limitations of infiltration estimation and the failure of surface overflow perception using the common stormwater management model (SWMM), a surface overflow and underground infiltration (SOUI) model is proposed to estimate the infiltration and overflow. First, the precipitation, water level of the manhole, surface water depth and images of the overflowing point, and volume at the outfall are collected. Then, the surface waterlogging area is identified based on computer vision to reconstruct the local digital elevation model (DEM) by spatial interpolation, and the relationship between the waterlogging depth, area and volume is established to identify the real-time overflow. Next, a continuous genetic algorithm optimization (CT-GA) model is proposed for the underground sewer system to determine the inflow rapidly. Finally, surface and underground flow estimations are combined to perceive the state of the urban sewer network accurately. The results show that, compared with the common SWMM simulation, the accuracy of the water level simulation is improved by 43.5% during the rainfall period, and the time cost of the computational optimization is reduced by 67.5%. The proposed method can effectively diagnose the operation state and overflow risk of the sewer networks in real time during rainfall seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 100038, China; State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 410075, China
| | - Mingshuo Zhai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Intelligent Regulation & Comprehensive Management of Water Resources, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Xiaohui Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 410075, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Intelligent Regulation & Comprehensive Management of Water Resources, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Beibei Chai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Intelligent Regulation & Comprehensive Management of Water Resources, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China.
| | - Weihong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 410075, China
| | - Lixin He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Intelligent Regulation & Comprehensive Management of Water Resources, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Xiangyang Zuo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Intelligent Regulation & Comprehensive Management of Water Resources, College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 100038, China; State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 410075, China
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15
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Wang Q, Zhu Q, Li N. A Scientometric Analysis and Visualization of Scientific Research and Technology Innovation in Needle-free Insulin Injection From 1974 to 2022. Clin Ther 2023; 45:881-888. [PMID: 37516566 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Needle-free jet injection has to some extent improved the quality of life of patients with diabetes, but it has not been widely used. Therefore, we analyzed articles, clinical trials, and patents of needle-free insulin injection to (1) perform a systematic and comprehensive analysis of scientific research and technology innovation in needle-free insulin injection during the past 49 years (1974 to 2022) and (2) identify the status of scientific research and technology innovation, their limitations, and future trends. METHODS With a new perspective, we use scientometric tools, including co-word and word frequency analyses, text mining, and cluster network analysis, to provide a scientometric analysis and visualization of articles, clinical trials, and patents related to needle-free insulin injection delivery applications. FINDINGS Patent innovation in this field was more active than clinical research, and clinical research prevailed over basic research. Basic research and clinical trials in this field mainly involved therapy, penetration, tolerability, absorption, and pharmacokinetic properties. Drive mechanisms and needle-free injection devices were the core patent technologies in this field. IMPLICATIONS Although needle-free insulin injection has been under development for decades, its full potential has not yet been reached; needle-free injection technology is still in the growth stage. The field of needleless insulin injection is dominated by patent technology innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qinlei Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Naishi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Records, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; WHO Family of International Classifications Collaborating Center of China, Beijing, China.
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16
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Severo EA, De Guimarães JCF, Wanderley LSO, Gueiros MMB, Jabbour CJC. Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of social media on awareness' socio-environmental and sustainable consumption: Consolidating lessons from the pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT 2023; 46:100865. [PMID: 37192845 PMCID: PMC10165870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2023.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic were caused on people's health and the economy of countries in its first year, especially in emerging economies such as Brazil, were dire. Social distancing and the reduction of jobs caused impacts in many organizations, which led to the adoption of strategies allowing employees to work from home, adjusting family residences into home offices while facing reduction in industrial production and a decrease in economic activities. The pandemic also changed consumption behaviors, the use of social media (social networks), and people's socioenvironmental awareness. This research aims to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of social media, on environmental awareness, on sustainable consumption awareness and on the social responsibility awareness of different generations in Brazil one year after the beginning of the pandemic. For data analysis, the structural equation modeling method was used from a final sample of 1120 respondents. The results indicated that the COVID-19 pandemic positively influences the growing in social media usage (environmental issues and social responsibility issues) and sustainable consumption awareness. The study highlights that social media usage has the ability to positively influence environmental awareness, sustainable consumption awareness, and social responsibility awareness. The results provide a framework to analyze the consequential factors of the COVID-19 pandemic on sustainability awareness and the use of social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Andréa Severo
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Administrative Sciences (DCA/UFPE), Center for Applied Social Sciences (CCSA/UFPE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Ferro De Guimarães
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Post-Graduate Program in Hospitality and Tourism (PPHTur/UFPE), PostGraduate Program in Management, Innovation and Consumption (PPGIC/UFPE), Department of Administrative Sciences (DCA/UFPE), Center for Applied Social Sciences (CCSA/UFPE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Lilian Soares Outtes Wanderley
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Administrative Sciences (DCA/UFPE), Center for Applied Social Sciences (CCSA/UFPE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica Maria Barbosa Gueiros
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Administrative Sciences (DCA/UFPE), Center for Applied Social Sciences (CCSA/UFPE), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
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17
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Ormsby MJ, White HL, Metcalf R, Oliver DM, Quilliam RS. Clinically important E. coli strains can persist, and retain their pathogenicity, on environmental plastic and fabric waste. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121466. [PMID: 36958655 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste is ubiquitous in the environment and there are increasing reports of such waste being colonised by human pathogens. However, the ability of pathogens to persist on plastics for long periods, and the risk that they pose to human health, is unknown. Here, under simulated environmental conditions, we aimed to determine if pathogenic bacteria can retain their virulence following a prolonged period on plastic. Using antibiotic selection and luciferase expression for quantification, we show that clinically important strains of E. coli can survive on plastic for at least 28-days. Importantly, these pathogens also retained their virulence (determined by using a Galleria mellonella model as a surrogate for human infection) and in some cases, had enhanced virulence following their recovery from the plastisphere. This indicates that plastics in the environment can act as reservoirs for human pathogens and could facilitate their persistence for extended periods of time. Most importantly human pathogens in the plastisphere are capable of retaining their pathogenicity. Pathogens colonising environmental plastic waste therefore pose a heightened public health risk, particularly in areas where people are exposed to pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ormsby
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - Hannah L White
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Rebecca Metcalf
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - David M Oliver
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Richard S Quilliam
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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18
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Pham VHT, Kim J, Chang S, Bang D. Investigating Bio-Inspired Degradation of Toxic Dyes Using Potential Multi-Enzyme Producing Extremophiles. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1273. [PMID: 37317247 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological treatment methods overcome many of the drawbacks of physicochemical strategies and play a significant role in removing dye contamination for environmental sustainability. Numerous microorganisms have been investigated as promising dye-degrading candidates because of their high metabolic potential. However, few can be applied on a large scale because of the extremely harsh conditions in effluents polluted with multiple dyes, such as alkaline pH, high salinity/heavy metals/dye concentration, high temperature, and oxidative stress. Therefore, extremophilic microorganisms offer enormous opportunities for practical biodegradation processes as they are naturally adapted to multi-stress conditions due to the special structure of their cell wall, capsule, S-layer proteins, extracellular polymer substances (EPS), and siderophores structural and functional properties such as poly-enzymes produced. This review provides scientific information for a broader understanding of general dyes, their toxicity, and their harmful effects. The advantages and disadvantages of physicochemical methods are also highlighted and compared to those of microbial strategies. New techniques and methodologies used in recent studies are briefly summarized and discussed. In particular, this study addresses the key adaptation mechanisms, whole-cell, enzymatic degradation, and non-enzymatic pathways in aerobic, anaerobic, and combination conditions of extremophiles in dye degradation and decolorization. Furthermore, they have special metabolic pathways and protein frameworks that contribute significantly to the complete mineralization and decolorization of the dye when all functions are turned on. The high potential efficiency of microbial degradation by unculturable and multi-enzyme-producing extremophiles remains a question that needs to be answered in practical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hong Thi Pham
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, College of Creative Engineering of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaisoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonwoong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, College of Creative Engineering of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggyu Bang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Graduate School of Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
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19
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Afolabi EO, Quilliam RS, Oliver DM. Persistence of E. coli in Streambed Sediment Contaminated with Faeces from Dairy Cows, Geese, and Deer: Legacy Risks to Environment and Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5375. [PMID: 37047990 PMCID: PMC10094563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Legacy stores of faecal pollution in streambed sediments can result in delayed impacts on environmental quality and human health if resuspended into the overlying water column. Different catchment sources of faecal pollution can contribute to a legacy store of microbial pollutants, with size of stores influenced by microbial die-off and faecal accrual rates in the streambed. The aim of this study was to use a mesocosm experiment to characterise the persistence of E. coli derived from faeces of dairy cows, deer, and geese once introduced to streambed sediment under different temperature regimes. The settling rate of solid constituents of faecal material into streambed sediment once delivered into an aquatic environment was also quantified. The persistence patterns of E. coli in streambed sediment were found to vary as a function of faecal source and temperature; die-off of E. coli in sediment contaminated with goose faeces was more rapid than in sediments contaminated with dairy cow or deer faeces. Goose faeces also recorded a more rapid settling rate of faecal particles through the water column relative to dairy cow and deer faeces, suggesting a more efficient delivery of E. coli to streambed sediments associated with this faecal source. Our findings provide new evidence to improve understanding of the potential longer-term risks to both the environment and public health posed by sediments when contaminated with livestock, wildlife, and wildfowl faeces.
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20
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Oduah UI, Ogunye EB. A smart solution for preventing environmental pollution caused by overflowing onsite sewage septic tank. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14925. [PMID: 37064474 PMCID: PMC10102450 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An innovative remote sensing device for the detection and monitoring of sewage levels in underground onsite septic tank is developed. The overflow of underground onsite sewage septic tanks located around buildings for the collection and disposal of wastewater is hazardous to the environment releasing infectious pollutants and obnoxious contaminants. The inability to accurately determine the level of the sewage in the underground septic tank most times causes overflow of sewage into the environment without the knowledge of the users of the facility. A smart onsite sewage septic tank level monitoring device is developed enabling the users of the facility to promptly detect when it malfunctions to plan ahead for the evacuation in order to prevent the overflow. The device implements ultrasonic sensor to detect and monitor level of the wastewater in the septic tank and a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) module to send short message service (SMS) to the enrolled users' mobile phone numbers and the sewage evacuation agents. A test run conducted showed response time within 30 s. The developed device is suitable for low income countries of Africa.
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21
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Chaudhary AK, Chitriv SP, Chaitanya K, Vijayakumar RP. Influence of ultraviolet and chemical treatment on the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene by Cephalosporium strain. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:395. [PMID: 36780023 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the potential of Cephalosporium strain in degrading the pre-treated (ultraviolet irradiation followed by nitric acid treatment) low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene films was investigated. Our observations revealed a significant weight reduction of 24.53 ± 0.73% and 18.22 ± 0.31% in pre-treated low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene films respectively, after 56 days of incubation with the Cephalosporium strain. Changes in the physicochemical properties of the mineral salt medium (MSM) were studied to assess the extent of biodegradation. The pH of the MSM decreased gradually during the incubation period, whereas its total dissolved solids and conductivity values increased steadily. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the formation of hydroxyl and C = C groups in biodegraded low-density polyethylene films, while in the case of biodegraded high-density polyethylene films it indicated the [Formula: see text]CH2 stretching. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed an enhancement in the thermal stabilities of both the LDPE and HDPE films post the biodegradation. Modifications in the polymer surface morphologies after UV irradiation, chemical treatment, and biodegradation steps were visualized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. All our observations confirm the ability of the Cephalosporium strain in biodegrading the pre-treated LDPE and HDPE films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kr Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, 440010, Nagpur, India
| | - Shubham P Chitriv
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, 440010, Nagpur, India
| | - Kundrapu Chaitanya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, 440010, Nagpur, India
| | - R P Vijayakumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, 440010, Nagpur, India.
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22
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Singh D, Gurjar BR. Recent innovation and impacts of nano-based technologies for wastewater treatment on humans: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:357. [PMID: 36732372 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable wastewater management requires environment-friendly, efficient, and cost-effective methods of water treatment. The ever-growing list of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater requires advanced, efficient, and cost-effective techniques for its treatment to combat the increasing water demand. The nano-based technologies hold great potential in improving water treatment efficiency and augmenting the water supply. However, the environmental effects of these technologies are still questionable among the public and scientific community. The present review discusses risks to human health due to the use of nano-based technology for the removal of emerging contaminants in water. The discussion will be about the impacts of these technologies on humans. Recommendations about safe and environmentally friendly options for nano-based technology for water treatment have been included. Safest options of nano-based technologies for water treatment and steps to minimize the risk associated with them have also been incorporated in this article. Since all biological systems are different, separate risk analyses should be performed at the environmentally relevant concentration for different durations. There is little/no information on the quantitative impact on humans and requires more understanding. The quantitative measurement of the cellular uptake of nanoparticles is usually difficult. We hope this article will serve its purpose for water researchers, medical researchers, environmentalists, policymakers, and the government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
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Behling L, da Luz VC, Pasquali GDL, Bazoti SF, Dalla Rosa C, Pereira P. Ibuprofen removal from synthetic effluents using Electrocoagulation-Peroxidation (ECP). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:271. [PMID: 36607457 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Concerning water resources, several ordinances and legislation determine standards and conditions for the discharge of effluents into water bodies. However, several contaminants are not covered by these guidelines due to little knowledge of their long-term effects and because they are found in low concentrations. These contaminants are called emergent and this category includes drugs, such as anti-inflammatory drugs. The electrocoagulation process associated with advanced oxidation comes up as an alternative to conventional effluent treatment processes, and the objective of this study was to evaluate this process using scrap iron as sacrificial electrodes in the treatment of synthetic effluents containing ibuprofen. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the drug in synthetic effluents. The Central Rotational Composite Design 24 was used in an experimental design, considering independent variables the concentration of contaminants, applied current, the concentration of the primary oxidizing agent H2O2, and the reaction time. The optimized conditions determined by statistical analysis were drug concentration of 5 mg L-1, H2O2 concentration of 200 mg L-1, current of 5 A, and 150 min. The removals obtained under these conditions were higher than 92% in the aqueous phase, showing that electrocoagulation peroxidation technique has the potential to treat contaminants such as drugs present in effluents and waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Behling
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Vilson Conrado da Luz
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Department, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135 -Km 72, No 200, PO Box 764, Erechim, RS, 99700-970, Brazil
| | | | - Suzana Fátima Bazoti
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Dalla Rosa
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Environmental Technology, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Department, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, ERS 135 -Km 72, No 200, PO Box 764, Erechim, RS, 99700-970, Brazil
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24
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Mare R, Mare C, Hadarean A, Hotupan A, Rus T. COVID-19 and Water Variables: Review and Scientometric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:957. [PMID: 36673718 PMCID: PMC9859563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has changed the world since 2020, and the field of water specifically, boosting scientific productivity (in terms of published articles). This paper focuses on the influence of COVID-19 on scientific productivity with respect to four water variables: (i) wastewater, (ii) renewable water resources, (iii) freshwater withdrawal, and (iv) access to improved and safe drinking water. The field's literature was firstly reviewed, and then the maps were built, emphasizing the strong connections between COVID-19 and water-related variables. A total of 94 countries with publications that assess COVID-19 vs. water were considered and evaluated for how they clustered. The final step of the research shows that, on average, scientific productivity on the water topic was mostly conducted in countries with lower COVID-19 infection rates but higher development levels as represented by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the human development index (HDI). According to the statistical analysis, the water-related variables are highly significant, with positive coefficients. This validates that countries with higher water-related values conducted more research on the relationship with COVID-19. Wastewater and freshwater withdrawal had the highest impact on the scientific productivity with respect to COVID-19. Access to safe drinking water becomes insignificant in the presence of the development parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Mare
- Department of Building Services Engineering, Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 128-130 21 Decembrie 1989 Blv., 400604 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Codruța Mare
- Department of Statistics-Forecasts-Mathematics, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babes-Bolyai University, 58-60 Teodor Mihali Str., 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Data Science, Babes-Bolyai University, 68 Avram Iancu Str., 4th Floor, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Hadarean
- Department of Building Services Engineering, Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 128-130 21 Decembrie 1989 Blv., 400604 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Hotupan
- Department of Building Services Engineering, Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 128-130 21 Decembrie 1989 Blv., 400604 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tania Rus
- Department of Building Services Engineering, Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 128-130 21 Decembrie 1989 Blv., 400604 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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25
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He C, Wang X, Shui A, Zhou X, Liu S. Is the virus-laden standing water change the transmission intensity of SARS-CoV-2 after precipitation? A framework for empirical studies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114127. [PMID: 36041541 PMCID: PMC9419435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between precipitation and SARS-CoV-2 is significant for combating COVID-19 in the wet season. However, the causes for the variation of SARS-CoV-2 transmission intensity after precipitation is unclear. Starting from "the Zhengzhou event," we found that the virus-laden standing water formed after precipitation might trigger some additional routes for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and thus change the transmission intensity of SARS-CoV-2. Then, we developed an interdisciplinary framework to examine whether the health risk related to the virus-laden standing water needs to be a concern. The framework enables the comparison of the instant and lag effects of precipitation on the transmission intensity of SARS-CoV-2 between city clusters with different formation risks of the virus-laden standing water. Based on the city-level data of China between January 01, 2020, and December 31, 2021, we conducted an empirical study. The result showed that in the cities with a high formation risk of the virus-laden standing water, heavy rain increased the instant transmission intensity of SARS-CoV-2 by 6.2% (95%CI: 4.85-10.2%), while in the other cities, precipitation was uninfluential to SARS-CoV-2 transmission, revealing that the health risk of the virus-laden standing water should not be underestimated during the COVID-19 pandemic. To reduce the relevant risk, virus-laden water control and proper disinfection are feasible response strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu He
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Ailun Shui
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Shuming Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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26
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Onchoke KK, Franclemont CM. Evaluation and removal efficiencies of a rural WWTP for metals and anions in Lufkin, East Texas (USA). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:920. [PMID: 36257995 PMCID: PMC9579637 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study quantified element concentrations and evaluated the removal efficiencies of the Lufkin Wastewater Treatment Plant (LWWTP): a public municipal wastewater treatment plant in East Texas. Macroelements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Al, Fe, Se, Zn, P, and S) and microelements (Ni, Pb, Mn, Cr, Mo, Cu, Co, V, As, B, Ba) were detected using ICP-OES and ICP-MS. In addition, the anion concentrations (Br-, NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, F-, Cl-, and SO42-) and their percent removal from the LWWTP were assessed by using ion chromatography. Whereas macroelements in the influent were above the maximum ceiling limits, the total metal concentrations in the effluent were found below the USEPA (below μg/L) guidelines. In general, the removal efficiencies for metals in LWWTP were ≥ 94%. The removal efficiencies of the anions were > 100% (Br-), 16.42% (Cl-), 78.89% (F-), 182.59% (NO3-), > 100% (NO2-), 51.81% (PO43-), and 67.01% (SO42-). In addition, Pierson correlation coefficients between the anions and cations, and implications for usage and suggested improvements of the treatment plants are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefa K Onchoke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Box 13006 - SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX, 75962-13006, USA.
| | - Christopher M Franclemont
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Box 13006 - SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX, 75962-13006, USA
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27
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Sainnokhoi TA, Kováts N, Gelencsér A, Hubai K, Teke G, Pelden B, Tserenchimed T, Erdenechimeg Z, Galsuren J. Characteristics of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor PM 2.5 of households in the Southwest part of Ulaanbaatar capital, Mongolia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:665. [PMID: 35951250 PMCID: PMC9372015 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution, including PM2.5 concentration in Ulaanbaatar (capital of Mongolia) is a serious matter of concern. As the majority of households use coal in large areas of the city, indoor air quality is also posing a serious risk to human health. This study investigated the concentration of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) in indoor particulate matter (PM2.5) in 10 non-smoker households. Sampling was conducted in winter of 2018, between 27 January and 09 February. Concentrations of PM2.5 in the indoor air of households ranged between 62.8 and 324.8 µg m-3. Total concentration of PAHs also varied in a relatively wide range, between 46.2 and 175.7 ng m-3. Five-ring PAHs represented a considerably high fraction of total PAHs between 25 and 53%, benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) were the two predominant compounds within five-ring PAHs. Significant correlation was found between indoor and outdoor particulate matter levels in wintertime. Considering individual characteristic PAHs, heavier PAHs homologues (4- to 5-ring and 6-ring PAHs) were detected in all households, which suggested the influence of coal combustion and traffic exhaust. Health risk of children attributed to PAHs inhalation was assessed by taking into account the lifetime-average daily dose (LADD) and corresponding lifetime cancer risk. Lifetime average daily dose for children in only one household were slightly higher than health-based guideline level (1.0 × 10-5), defined by WHO, whereas LADD for adults and children of other households were within acceptable limit. The cancer risks from the exposure of children to air pollutants in all households except HH-3 were found high. In the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay, according to the toxic unit (TU) values of indoor PM2.5 from ten households, all samples were classified as toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsend-Ayush Sainnokhoi
- Centre for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem street 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary.
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Khan-Uul District, 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Nora Kováts
- Centre for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem street 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - András Gelencsér
- Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hubai
- Centre for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem street 10, Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Gábor Teke
- ELGOSCAR-2000 Environmental Technology and Water Management Ltd, 8184, Balatonfűzfő, Hungary
| | - Bolormaa Pelden
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Khan-Uul District, 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tsagaan Tserenchimed
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Khan-Uul District, 17042, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Zoljargal Erdenechimeg
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
| | - Jargalsaikhan Galsuren
- School of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Zorig street, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia
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28
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Uslu İ, Yazıcı H. Investigation of the effect of nitrification inhibition on the performance and effluent quality of aerobic sequential batch reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:592. [PMID: 35854142 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of nitrification inhibition as a concentrating step for ammonium (NH4+), for the purpose of increasing the potential for simultaneous recovery of phosphate (PO43-) and NH4+ from effluent streams of an aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system, has never been investigated in the literature. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of the inhibition of nitrification on both the reactor performance and effluent quality in a laboratory scale aerobic SBR system. In order to compare the observed results, a separate reactor, where the inhibition was not applied, was operated as a control reactor (CR) under the identical operational conditions used for the inhibitory reactor (IR). Experimental results for the reactor performance showed that effluents with low total suspended solids (< 50 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand concentrations (> 90% of removal efficiency based on the influent concentration of 500 mg/L) were achieved for both SBRs by obtaining an activated sludge with a sludge volume index < 60 mL/g after the acclimation period. In the same period, the effluent PO43-, NH4+, and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations were found to be 17.0 ± 4.0, 1.26 ± 0.84, and 21.5 ± 39 mg/L for the CR and 10.0 ± 4.4, 3.9 ± 2.4, and 9.2 ± 1.5 mg/L for the IR, respectively. During this period, 94% of the removed NH4+ (NH4+rem.) was converted to NO3- in the CR, indicating almost complete nitrification occurred in the reactor. However, only 47% of the NH4+rem. was converted to NO3- in the IR as a result of the inhibition of nitrification, meaning a partial inhibition (53%) occurred due to the inhibition treatment. These results clearly demonstrated that the inhibition of nitrification allowed the effluent NH4+ concentrations to increase by suppressing the formation of NO3- ions. Based on the results, it can be concluded that inhibition of nitrification in an aerobic SBR system creates a potential for conserving the effluent NH4+ concentration and increasing consecutive recovery of PO43- together with NH4+ from the effluent discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Uslu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Yazıcı
- Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, Vocational School of Aksu Mehmet Süreyya Demiraslan, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32510, Isparta, Turkey.
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29
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Tesseme AT, Vinti G, Vaccari M. Pollution potential of dumping sites on surface water quality in Ethiopia using leachate and comprehensive pollution indices. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:545. [PMID: 35773526 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste disposed of in illegal dumpsites pollutes the surface and groundwater. However, accurately determining these pollution levels is typically challenging for practitioners and decision-makers in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to use the leachate pollution index (LPI) to assess the contamination potential of uncontrolled dumping sites along the course of the Kulfo River in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. The comprehensive pollution index (CPI) approach was also utilized to assess the suitability of Kulfo River water quality for aquatic species. Leachate samples were collected from four uncontrolled dumping sites along the Kulfo River's course and analyzed for fifteen leachate characteristics necessary to quantify the LPI sub-indices. Water samples were taken from three monitoring stations along the river and examined for aquatic species suitability. When the leachate parameters were compared to the Indian limit for discharge of treated leachate, it was found that dumping sites posed a considerable risk of pollution to adjacent water resources. The overall LPI ranged from 23.34 to 27.35, which is higher than the discharge standard LPI of 5.69, indicating that dumping sites can threaten the surrounding water resources and human health. Based on the rating scale of CPI, at all monitoring stations, the river resulted severely polluted. Finally, appropriate strategies to reduce the pollution and the related mismanagement of solid waste were discussed. Combining LPI and CPI methods can represent a crucial tool for experts and decision-makers in developing countries to evaluate the pollution potential of dumping sites and water resource monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aragaw Tamru Tesseme
- Faculty of Water Supply and Environmental Engineering, Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Giovanni Vinti
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mentore Vaccari
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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30
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Assessment of Building Automation and Control Systems in Danish Healthcare Facilities in the COVID-19 Era. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A well-designed and properly operated building automation and control system (BACS) is key to attaining energy-efficient operation and optimal indoor conditions. In this study, three healthcare facilities of a different type, age, and use are considered as case studies to investigate the functionalities of BACS in providing optimal air quality and thermal comfort. IBACSA, the first-of-its-kind instrument for BACS assessment and smartness evaluation, is used to evaluate the current systems and their control functionalities. The BACS assessment is reported and analyzed. Then, three packages of improvements were implemented in the three cases, focusing on (1) technical systems enhancement, (2) indoor air quality and comfort, and (3) energy efficiency. It was found that the ventilation system domain is the best performer in the three considered cases with an overall score of 52%, 89% and 91% in Case A, B, and C, respectively. On the other hand, domestic hot water domain scores are relatively low, indicating that this is an area where Danish healthcare facilities need to provide more concentration on. A key finding indicated by the assessment performed is that the three buildings score relatively very low when it comes to the impact criteria of energy flexibility and storage.
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31
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Okon EM, Falana BM, Solaja SO, Yakubu SO, Alabi OO, Okikiola BT, Awe TE, Adesina BT, Tokula BE, Kipchumba AK, Edeme AB. Systematic review of climate change impact research in Nigeria: implication for sustainable development. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07941. [PMID: 34541351 PMCID: PMC8436081 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that Nigeria is already experiencing environmental challenges attributed to climate change (CC) and its impacts. This has clearly highlighted the need for knowledge-based strategies to help plan adequate mitigation and adaptation measures for the country. One of the basic requirements to ensure such strategies is the development of a database of national CC research. This will aid in the assessment of past and present scientific publications from which directions for future study can be mapped. The present study used standard, systematic, and bibliographic literature reviews to analyse the trend, focus, spatial variability, and effectiveness of published research on CC impacts in Nigeria. Four thematic areas of CC impact research were defined: Agriculture, Environment, Human and Multi-disciplinary study. A total of 701 articles were found to be relevant and the review shows that CC impacts and adaptations in the literature vary across research categories and locations. The period between 2011 (68 studies) and 2015 (80 studies) showed a tremendous rise in CC impact research with a peak in 2014 (84 studies). Studies in the agriculture category had the highest publications in 23 States of Nigeria. The review revealed three research gaps: (1) lack of research that investigated the magnitude of present and potential future impacts in the aquatic environment (2) little attention on CC impacts and adaptation in the Northern regions of Nigeria (3) absence of study investigating the effects of multiple variables of CC at the same time. The findings suggest that it would be useful to advance CC research in Nigeria beyond perceptive approaches to more quantitative ones. This is particularly important for highly vulnerable animals, crops, locations, and for better planning of adaptation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Okon
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria.,Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Stirlingshire FK9 4LA, UK
| | - B M Falana
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria.,Landmark University SDG 14 (Life Below Water Research Group), Nigeria
| | - S O Solaja
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria.,Landmark University SDG 13 (Climate Action Research Group), Nigeria
| | - S O Yakubu
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Stirlingshire FK9 4LA, UK.,Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Federal University Gashua, PMB 1005, Yobe State, Nigeria
| | - O O Alabi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria.,Landmark University SDG 13 (Climate Action Research Group), Nigeria
| | - B T Okikiola
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - T E Awe
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria.,Landmark University SDG 13 (Climate Action Research Group), Nigeria
| | - B T Adesina
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria.,Landmark University SDG 13 (Climate Action Research Group), Nigeria.,Landmark University SDG 14 (Life Below Water Research Group), Nigeria
| | - B E Tokula
- Department of Chemistry, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A K Kipchumba
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Stirlingshire FK9 4LA, UK
| | - A B Edeme
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
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