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de Souza Teixeira D, Carneiro MAS, de Queiroz Freitas AC, de Souza Lino AD, Pelet DCS, Assumpção CO, Vinicius Campos Souza M, Lera Orsatti F. Does cross-education minimize the loss of muscle force and power and sEMG amplitude during short-term detraining in older women who are recreationally engaged in resistance training? J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2023; 73:102835. [PMID: 37857209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2023.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether 4 weeks of unilateral resistance training (RT) could attenuate the decline in muscle function in the contralateral limb of older women recreationally engaged in RT compared to control group (CTL). Twenty-four participants completed a 10-week RT before the cross-education (CR-Edu) phase and subsequent detraining. Afterward, participants were randomized into two groups: CTL (n = 8 women, n = 16 legs) who underwent 4 weeks of detraining without any training, and CR-Edu (n = 16 women, n = 16 legs) who performed 4 weeks of unilateral RT. Muscle force, power, and surface electromyography were measured unilaterally before and after the 4-week period, using five repetitions conducted at 40% and 60% of the 1RM. The results showed a reduction in muscle force at both 40% and 60% of 1RM, as well as a decrease in power at 60% of 1RM (P-time < 0.05) without significant differences between the two groups (P interaction > 0.05). There was a decline in power at 60% of 1RM (P-time < 0.05) but no significant change at 40% of 1RM (P-time > 0.05), and again, no significant differences were observed between the groups (P-interaction > 0.05). The surface electromyography of vastus lateralis decreased only in the CTL group (P-interaction < 0.05). Older women recreationally engaged in RT who perform in unilateral leg extension compared to a brief period of detraining seem not to retain muscle force and power, and sEMG amplitude of their homologous and contralateral limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de Souza Teixeira
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNER), Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A S Carneiro
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNER), Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Augusto Corrêa de Queiroz Freitas
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNER), Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson Diogo de Souza Lino
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNER), Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Danyelle Cristina Silva Pelet
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNER), Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Cláudio O Assumpção
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNER), Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Department of Sport Sciences, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Markus Vinicius Campos Souza
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNER), Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Department of Sport Sciences, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio Lera Orsatti
- Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Exercise Research Group (PhyNER), Exercise Biology Research Lab (BioEx), Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Department of Sport Sciences, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
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Petrocelli JJ, McKenzie AI, de Hart NMMP, Reidy PT, Mahmassani ZS, Keeble AR, Kaput KL, Wahl MP, Rondina MT, Marcus RL, Welt CK, Holland WL, Funai K, Fry CS, Drummond MJ. Disuse-induced muscle fibrosis, cellular senescence, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype in older adults are alleviated during re-ambulation with metformin pre-treatment. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13936. [PMID: 37486024 PMCID: PMC10652302 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle inflammation and fibrosis underlie disuse-related complications and may contribute to impaired muscle recovery in aging. Cellular senescence is an emerging link between inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and poor muscle recovery after disuse. In rodents, metformin has been shown to prevent cellular senescence/senescent associated secretory phenotype (SASP), inflammation, and fibrosis making it a potentially practical therapeutic solution. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine in older adults if metformin monotherapy during bed rest could reduce muscle fibrosis and cellular senescence/SASP during the re-ambulation period. A two-arm controlled trial was utilized in healthy male and female older adults (n = 20; BMI: <30, age: 60 years+) randomized into either placebo or metformin treatment during a two-week run-in and 5 days of bedrest followed by metformin withdrawal during 7 days of recovery. We found that metformin-treated individuals had less type-I myofiber atrophy during disuse, reduced pro-inflammatory transcriptional profiles, and lower muscle collagen deposition during recovery. Collagen content and myofiber size corresponded to reduced whole muscle cellular senescence and SASP markers. Moreover, metformin treatment reduced primary muscle resident fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) senescent markers and promoted a shift in fibroblast fate to be less myofibroblast-like. Together, these results suggest that metformin pre-treatment improved ECM remodeling after disuse in older adults by possibly altering cellular senescence and SASP in skeletal muscle and in FAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alec I McKenzie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Naomi M M P de Hart
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Ziad S Mahmassani
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alexander R Keeble
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Katie L Kaput
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew P Wahl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robin L Marcus
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Corrine K Welt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Mennen AHM, Oud S, Halm JA, Peters RW, Willems HC, Van Embden D. Pelvic Ring Fractures in Older Adult Patients-Assessing Physician Practice Variation among (Orthopedic) Trauma Surgeons. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6344. [PMID: 37834988 PMCID: PMC10573883 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pelvic fractures in older adults are a major public health problem and socioeconomic burden. The standard of care has changed over the past years, and there is limited consensus on which patients benefit from surgical fixation. There is currently no nationwide treatment protocol to guide the decision-making process. Therefore, the aim of this survey was to provide more insight into if, when, and why patients with a fragility fracture of the pelvis (FFPs) would be considered for additional imaging and surgical fixation by treating physicians. METHODS An online clinical vignette-based survey of hypothetical scenarios was sent out to all orthopedic and trauma surgeons in the Netherlands. The questionnaire comprised multiple-choice questions and radiographic images. Differences between subgroups were calculated using the X2 test or the Fisher exact test. RESULTS 169 surgeons responded to the survey, with varying levels of experience and working in different types of hospitals. In a patient with a simple pubic ramus fracture and ASA 2 or ASA 4, 32% and 18% of the respondents would always advise a CT scan for further analysis. In the same patients, 11% and 31% of the respondents would not advise a CT scan, respectively. When presented with three cases of increasing severity of co-morbidity (ASA) and/or increasing age and/or different clinical presentation of an FFP type 3c on a CT scan, an increasing number of respondents would not consider surgical fixation. There was significant variation in practice patterns between the respondents who do not work in a hospital performing pelvic and acetabular (P&A) fracture surgery and those who do work in a P&A referral hospital. Most respondents (77%) refer patients 1-5 times a year to an expert center for surgical fixation. CONCLUSION There is currently a wide variety of clinical practices regarding the imaging and management of FFPs, which seems to be influenced by the type of hospital the patients are presented to. A regional or national evidence-based treatment protocol should be implemented to ensure a more uniform approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. M. Mennen
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon Oud
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens A. Halm
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf W. Peters
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna C. Willems
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne Van Embden
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Baltasar-Fernandez I, Losa-Reyna J, Carretero A, Rodriguez-Lopez C, Alfaro-Acha A, Guadalupe-Grau A, Ara I, Alegre LM, Gomez-Cabrera MC, García-García FJ, Alcazar J. Residual effects of 12 weeks of power-oriented resistance training plus high-intensity interval training on muscle dysfunction, systemic oxidative damage, and antioxidant capacity after 10 months of training cessation in older people with COPD. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:1661-1676. [PMID: 37322570 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the residual effects of a 12-week concurrent training program (power training + high-intensity interval training) in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS A total of 21 older adults with COPD [intervention (INT), n = 8; control (CON), n = 13; 76.9 ± 6.8 years] were assessed at baseline and 10 months after the completion of the intervention by the short physical performance battery (SPPB), health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), vastus lateralis muscle thickness (MT), peak pulmonary oxygen uptake (peak VO2 ) and peak work rate (Wpeak ), early and late isometric rate of force development (RFD), leg and chest press maximum muscle power (LPmax and CPmax ), and systemic oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity. RESULTS Compared to baseline, after 10 months of detraining, the INT group presented increased SPPB (∆ = 1.0 point), health-related quality of life (∆ = 0.07 points), early RFD (∆ = 834 N∙s-1 ), LPmax (∆ = 62.2 W), and CPmax (∆ = 16.0 W) (all p < 0.05). In addition, a positive effect was noted in INT compared to CON regarding MT and Wpeak (both p < 0.05). No between-group differences were reported in peak VO2 , late RFD, systemic oxidative damage, and antioxidant capacity from baseline to 10 months after the completion of the intervention (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Twelve weeks of concurrent training were enough to ensure improved physical function, health-related quality of life, early RFD and maximum muscle power and to preserve MT and Wpeak but not peak VO2 , late RFD, systemic oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity in the subsequent 10 months of detraining in older adults with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Spain
| | - Jose Losa-Reyna
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Valoración del Rendimiento Deportivo, Actividad Física y Salud y Lesiones Deportivas (REDAFLED), Universidad de Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Aitor Carretero
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Geriatric Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alfaro-Acha
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Amelia Guadalupe-Grau
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Spain
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia and Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-García
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
| | - Julian Alcazar
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Ageing (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM), Spain
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Thomasius F, Pesta D, Rittweger J. Adjuvant pharmacological strategies for the musculoskeletal system during long-term space missions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 37559171 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite 2 h of daily exercise training, muscle wasting and bone loss are still present after 6-month missions to the international space station. Some crew members lose bone much faster than others. In preparation for missions to the Moon and Mars, space agencies are therefore reviewing their countermeasure portfolios. Here, we discuss the potential of current pharmacological strategies. Bone loss in space is fuelled by bone resorption. Alendronate, an oral bisphosphonate, reduced bone losses in experimental bed rest and space. However, gastrointestinal side effects precluded its further utilization in space. Zoledronate (a potent bisphosphonate), denosumab (RANKL antagonist) and romosozumab (sclerostin antagonist) are all administered via injection. They effectively suppress bone resorption and are routinely prescribed against osteoporosis. Their serious adverse effects, namely, osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femur fractures occur very rarely when the usage is limited to 1 or 2 years. Hence, utilization of one of these compounds may outweigh the bone risks of space travelling, in particular in those with high bone resorption rates. Muscle wasting in space is likely due to hampered muscle protein synthesis. Even though this might theoretically be countered by the synthesis-boosting effects of anabolic steroids, the practical grounds for such recommendation are currently weak. Moreover, they reveal their full potential only when combined with an anabolic exercise stimulus, for example, via strength training. It therefore seems that a combination of exercise and pharmacological countermeasures should be considered for musculoskeletal health on the way to the Moon and Mars and back.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Sanchez Leon RM, Rajaraman A, Kubwimana MN. Optimizing Nutritional Status of Patients Prior to Major Surgical Intervention. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2023; 19:85-96. [PMID: 37547903 PMCID: PMC10402792 DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients undergoing elective cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, malnutrition and the deterioration of nutritional status are associated with negative outcomes. Recognition of the contributory factors and the complications stemming from surgical stress is important for the prevention and management of these patients. We have reviewed the literature available and focused on the nutritional and metabolic aspects affecting surgical patients, with emphasis on the recommendations of enhanced recovery protocols. The implementation of enhanced recovery protocols and nutritional support guidelines focusing on the surgical patient as part of a multidisciplinary approach would improve the nutritional status of surgical patients at risk for negative outcomes.
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Zeppelin Z, Vaeggemose M, Witt A, Hvid LG, Tankisi H. Exploring the peripheral mechanisms of lower limb immobilisation on muscle function using novel electrophysiological methods. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 151:18-27. [PMID: 37141780 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of short-term immobilisation and subsequent retraining on peripheral nervous system (PNS) measures using two novel electrophysiological methods, muscle velocity recovery cycles (MVRC) and MScanFit motor unit number estimation (MUNE) alongside lower limb muscle strength, muscle imaging and walking capacity. METHODS Twelve healthy participants underwent 1-week of ankle immobilisation and 2-weeks of retraining. Assessments before and after immobilisation, and after retraining, included MVRC [muscle membrane properties; muscle relative refractory period (MRRP), early and late supernormality], MScanFit, MRI-scans [muscle contractile cross-sectional area (cCSA)], isokinetic dynamometry [dorsal and plantar flexor muscle strength], and 2-minute maximal walk test [physical function]. RESULTS After immobilisation, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude reduced (-1.35[-2.00;-0.69]mV); mean change [95%CI]) alongside reductions in plantar (but not dorsal) flexor muscle cCSA (-124[-246;3]mm2), dorsal flexor muscle strength (isometric -0.06[-0.10;-0.02]Nm/kg, dynamicslow -0.08[-0.11;-0.04]Nm/kg, dynamicfast no changes), plantar flexor muscle strength (isometric -0.20[-0.30;-0.10]Nm/kg, dynamicslow -0.19[-0.28;-0.09]Nm/kg, dynamicfast -0.12[-0.19;-0.05]Nm/kg) and walking capacity (-31[-39;-23]m). After retraining, all immobilisation-affected parameters returned to baseline levels. In contrast, neither MScanFit nor MVRC were affected apart from slightly prolonged MRRP in gastrocnemius. CONCLUSIONS PNS do not contribute to the changes observed in muscle strength and walking capacity. SIGNIFICANCE Further studies should include both corticospinal and peripheral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zennia Zeppelin
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Michael Vaeggemose
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agnes Witt
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Lars G Hvid
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; The Danish MS Hospitals, Ry and Haslev, Denmark
| | - Hatice Tankisi
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
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Preobrazenski N, Seigel J, Halliday S, Janssen I, McGlory C. Single-leg disuse decreases skeletal muscle strength, size, and power in uninjured adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:684-696. [PMID: 36883219 PMCID: PMC10067508 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to quantify declines from baseline in lower limb skeletal muscle size and strength of uninjured adults following single-leg disuse. We searched EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, and CCRCT up to 30 January 2022. Studies were included in the systematic review if they (1) recruited uninjured participants; (2) were an original experimental study; (3) employed a single-leg disuse model; and (4) reported muscle strength, size, or power data following a period of single-leg disuse for at least one group without a countermeasure. Studies were excluded if they (1) did not meet all inclusion criteria; (2) were not in English; (3) reported previously published muscle strength, size, or power data; or (4) could not be sourced from two different libraries, repeated online searches, and the authors. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool to assess risk of bias. We then performed random-effects meta-analyses on studies reporting measures of leg extension strength and extensor size. Our search revealed 6548 studies, and 86 were included in our systematic review. Data from 35 and 20 studies were then included in the meta-analyses for measures of leg extensor strength and size, respectively (40 different studies). No meta-analysis for muscle power was performed due to insufficient homogenous data. Effect sizes (Hedges' gav ) with 95% confidence intervals for leg extensor strength were all durations = -0.80 [-0.92, -0.68] (n = 429 participants; n = 68 aged 40 years or older; n ≥ 78 females); ≤7 days of disuse = -0.57 [-0.75, -0.40] (n = 151); >7 days and ≤14 days = -0.93 [-1.12, -0.74] (n = 206); and >14 days = -0.95 [-1.20, -0.70] (n = 72). Effect sizes for measures of leg extensor size were all durations = -0.41 [-0.51, -0.31] (n = 233; n = 32 aged 40 years or older; n ≥ 42 females); ≤7 days = -0.26 [-0.36, -0.16] (n = 84); >7 days and ≤14 days = -0.49 [-0.67, -0.30] (n = 102); and >14 days = -0.52 [-0.74, -0.30] (n = 47). Decreases in leg extensor strength (cast: -0.94 [-1.30, -0.59] (n = 73); brace: -0.90 [-1.18, -0.63] (n = 106)) and size (cast: -0.61[-0.87, -0.35] (n = 41); brace: (-0.48 [-1.04, 0.07] (n = 41)) following 14 days of disuse did not differ for cast and brace disuse models. Single-leg disuse in adults resulted in a decline in leg extensor strength and size that reached a nadir beyond 14 days. Bracing and casting led to similar declines in leg extensor strength and size following 14 days of disuse. Studies including females and males and adults over 40 years of age are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Seigel
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Halliday
- Queen's University Library, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Nudge-Based Interventions on Health Promotion Activity Among Very Old People: A Pragmatic, 2-Arm, Participant-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:390-394.e5. [PMID: 36529275 PMCID: PMC9754120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social distancing due to the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis can exacerbate inactivity in older adults. Novel approaches for older adults must be designed to improve their activity and maintain their health. This study examined the effect of nudge-based behavioral interventions on health-promoting activities in older adults in Japan. DESIGN Two-arm, participant-blinded randomized controlled trial. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Japanese continuing care retirement community residents (n = 99, median age 82 years, 73% women) INTERVENTION: Two-step nudge-based behavioral intervention promoting tablet usage. METHODS We enrolled participants from an ongoing Internet of Things project in a retirement community in Japan. For the health promotion program, tablet computers were installed in a common area for participants to receive information about their health. The intervention group received a 1-time loss-emphasized nudge (first step), followed by asking questions about when they planned to use it again (second step). The control group used the tablet computers without being asked those questions. The main outcome was the participants' mean daily tablet activity every 4 weeks for the next 16 weeks. RESULTS Ninety-nine individuals were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The rate ratios for tablet use were significantly higher in the intervention group in the second and third periods. The subgroup analysis showed that these effects were largely attributable to men. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Nudge-based interventions can be effective in promoting activities for older adults, especially older men. The finding of this study indicates a possible intervention to engage people who are socially isolated.
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10
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Tékus E, Szénási NL, Szabó E, Heckel Z, Mintál T, Kőszegi T, Atlasz T, Gazdag Z, Váczi M, Wilhelm M. Well-Trained Elders Have Antioxidant Responses and an Equal Magnitude of EIMD as Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158889. [PMID: 35897260 PMCID: PMC9332484 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to investigate acute and chronic effects of a two-week eccentric concentric, dynamometric training concerning the time-course changes of blood antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant capacity, catalase enzyme activity, thiol concentration), and to compare the adaptability of young and older muscle to this type of training. Methods Seventeen moderately trained young and older men participated in this research. Subjects performed six eccentric concentric exercise bouts during the training period and maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque, plasma CK and intensity of muscle soreness were determined before and 24 h after the first exercise. During five testing sessions (baseline, 24 h, 48 h, week 1, week 2) the level of blood antioxidants were measured. Results No significant changes were registered in total antioxidant capacity and catalase enzyme activity for any time points; furthermore, no difference was found between groups during the training period. However, total thiol concentrations measured two weeks after the first exercise bout significantly differed between the young and elderly groups. Plasma CK and the subjective intensity of soreness elevated significantly 24 h following the first training, while maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque decreased at the same time. Conclusions Our results do not support previous findings that chronic, short-term eccentric concentric training programs enhance the antioxidant defense of well-trained older and young men. This type and setting of exercise did not cause a different time course of changes in the markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in the studied population. Subjects may already have adapted to maintain constant levels of antioxidants and isometric torque due to their active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tékus
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; (N.L.S.); (E.S.); (Z.H.); (T.A.); (M.V.); (M.W.)
- Sports Medicine Center, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7632 Pecs, Hungary;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-823
| | - Nikolett Lilla Szénási
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; (N.L.S.); (E.S.); (Z.H.); (T.A.); (M.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Edina Szabó
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; (N.L.S.); (E.S.); (Z.H.); (T.A.); (M.V.); (M.W.)
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Heckel
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; (N.L.S.); (E.S.); (Z.H.); (T.A.); (M.V.); (M.W.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pecs, H-7621 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Mintál
- Sports Medicine Center, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7632 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Tamas Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Atlasz
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; (N.L.S.); (E.S.); (Z.H.); (T.A.); (M.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Zoltan Gazdag
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Mark Váczi
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; (N.L.S.); (E.S.); (Z.H.); (T.A.); (M.V.); (M.W.)
| | - Marta Wilhelm
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary; (N.L.S.); (E.S.); (Z.H.); (T.A.); (M.V.); (M.W.)
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11
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Ipsen JA, Pedersen LT, Viberg B, Nørgaard B, Suetta C, Bruun IH. Rehabilitation for life: the effect on physical function of rehabilitation and care in older adults after hip fracture-study protocol for a cluster-randomised stepped-wedge trial. Trials 2022; 23:375. [PMID: 35526010 PMCID: PMC9077959 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A hip fracture is a serious event for older adults, given that approximately 50% do not regain their habitual level of physical function, and the mortality rate is high, as is the number of readmissions. The gap in healthcare delivery, as separated into two financial and self-governing sectors, might be a contributing cause of inferior rehabilitation and care for these patients. Therefore, we aim to assess the effect of continuous and progressive rehabilitation and care across sectors for older adults after hip fracture. Methods/design The project is designed as a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. The study population of patients are older adults 65 years of age and above discharged after a hip fracture and healthcare professionals in primary and secondary care (municipalities and hospitals). Healthcare professionals from different sectors (hospital and municipalities) will be engaged in the empowerment-orientated praxis, through a workshop for healthcare professionals with knowledge sharing to the older adults using a digital health application (app). The rehabilitation intervention consists of 12 weeks of progressive resistance exercises initiated 1–2 days after discharge. To improve communication across sectors, a videoconference involving the patient and physiotherapists from both sectors will be conducted. On day, 3 after discharge, an outreach nurse performs a thorough assessment including measurement of vital signs. A hotline to the hospital for medical advice is a part of the intervention. The intervention is delivered as an add-on to the usual rehabilitation and care, and it involves one regional hospital and the municipalities within the catchment area of the hospital. The primary outcome is a Timed Up and Go Test 8 weeks post-surgery. Discussion Using a stepped-wedge design, the intervention will be assessed as well as implemented in hospital and municipalities, hopefully for the benefit of older adults after hip fracture. Furthermore, the collaboration between the sectors is expected to improve. Trial registration The study is approved by the Regional Scientific Ethics Committees of Southern Denmark (S-20200070) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (20-21854). Registered 9 of June 2020 at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04424186. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06321-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Ammundsen Ipsen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Lars T Pedersen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Health Education, University College South Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Viberg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nørgaard
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospitals, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge H Bruun
- Department of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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12
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Nunes EA, Stokes T, McKendry J, Currier BS, Phillips SM. Disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in disease and non-disease states in humans: mechanisms, prevention, and recovery strategies. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1068-C1084. [PMID: 35476500 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00425.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Decreased skeletal muscle contractile activity (disuse) or unloading leads to muscle mass loss, also known as muscle atrophy. The balance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB) is the primary determinant of skeletal muscle mass. A reduced mechanical load on skeletal muscle is one of the main external factors leading to muscle atrophy. However, endocrine and inflammatory factors can act synergistically in catabolic states, amplifying the atrophy process and accelerating its progression. Additionally, older individuals display aging-induced anabolic resistance, which can predispose this population to more pronounced effects when exposed to periods of reduced physical activity or mechanical unloading. Different cellular mechanisms contribute to the regulation of muscle protein balance during skeletal muscle atrophy. This review summarizes the effects of muscle disuse on muscle protein balance and the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy in the absence or presence of disease. Finally, a discussion of the current literature describing efficient strategies to prevent or improve the recovery from muscle atrophy is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everson A Nunes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Laboratory of Investigation of Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Tanner Stokes
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - James McKendry
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brad S Currier
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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13
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Hettinger ZR, Wen Y, Peck BD, Hamagata K, Confides AL, Van Pelt DW, Harrison DA, Miller BF, Butterfield TA, Dupont-Versteegden EE. Mechanotherapy Reprograms Aged Muscle Stromal Cells to Remodel the Extracellular Matrix during Recovery from Disuse. FUNCTION 2022; 3:zqac015. [PMID: 35434632 PMCID: PMC9009398 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by reduced remodeling of skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM), which is exacerbated during recovery following periods of disuse atrophy. Mechanotherapy has been shown to promote ECM remodeling through immunomodulation in adult muscle recovery, but not during the aged recovery from disuse. In order to determine if mechanotherapy promotes ECM remodeling in aged muscle, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of all mononucleated cells in adult and aged rat gastrocnemius muscle recovering from disuse, with (REM) and without mechanotherapy (RE). We show that fibroadipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) in aged RE muscle are highly enriched in chemotaxis genes (Csf1), but absent in ECM remodeling genes compared to adult RE muscle (Col1a1). Receptor-ligand (RL) network analysis of all mononucleated cell populations in aged RE muscle identified chemotaxis-enriched gene expression in numerous stromal cell populations (FAPs, endothelial cells, pericytes), despite reduced enrichment of genes related to phagocytic activity in myeloid cell populations (macrophages, monocytes, antigen presenting cells). Following mechanotherapy, aged REM mononuclear cell gene expression resembled adult RE muscle as evidenced by RL network analyses and KEGG pathway activity scoring. To validate our transcriptional findings, ECM turnover was measured in an independent cohort of animals using in vivo isotope tracing of intramuscular collagen and histological scoring of the ECM, which confirmed mechanotherapy-mediated ECM remodeling in aged RE muscle. Our results highlight age-related cellular mechanisms underpinning the impairment to complete recovery from disuse, and also promote mechanotherapy as an intervention to enhance ECM turnover in aged muscle recovering from disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Hettinger
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yuan Wen
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Bailey D Peck
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kyoko Hamagata
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Amy L Confides
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Douglas W Van Pelt
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Douglas A Harrison
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Timothy A Butterfield
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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14
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Sivapathasuntharam D, Smith G, Master MA, Bates P. Fragility fractures of the pelvis in the older population. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6550829. [PMID: 35305085 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic fractures are an increasingly common injury seen in the older population and represent a significant burden of morbidity and mortality in this age group, as well as a large financial burden on the health service. It is well established that early fixation of femoral neck and acetabular fractures improves outcomes and increases the chances of patients returning close to their premorbid functional baseline. However, fixation of fragility fractures of the pelvis is less well established in current practice. There has been recent development of novel stabilisation techniques for unstable pelvic fractures, designed to tackle the difficulties associated with fixation in poor bone quality, along with medical trials of parathyroid hormone analogue treatment. However, it is still current practice to manage nearly all fragility fractures of the pelvis conservatively. In this article, we consider whether the development of surgical stabilisation techniques for pelvic fragility fractures may have the potential to improve the well-described morbidity and mortality associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gillian Smith
- Trauma Service, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Peter Bates
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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15
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Trinity JD, Drummond MJ, Fermoyle CC, McKenzie AI, Supiano MA, Richardson RS. Cardiovasomobility: an integrative understanding of how disuse impacts cardiovascular and skeletal muscle health. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:835-861. [PMID: 35112929 PMCID: PMC8934676 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00607.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovasomobility is a novel concept that encompasses the integration of cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function in health and disease with critical modification by physical activity, or lack thereof. Compelling evidence indicates that physical activity improves health while a sedentary, or inactive, lifestyle accelerates cardiovascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction and hastens disease progression. Identifying causative factors for vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction, especially in humans, has proven difficult due to the limitations associated with cross-sectional investigations. Therefore, experimental models of physical inactivity and disuse, which mimic hospitalization, injury, and illness, provide important insight into the mechanisms and consequences of vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction. This review provides an overview of the experimental models of disuse and inactivity and focuses on the integrated responses of the vasculature and skeletal muscle in response to disuse/inactivity. The time course and magnitude of dysfunction evoked by various models of disuse/inactivity are discussed in detail, and evidence in support of the critical roles of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress are presented. Lastly, strategies aimed at preserving vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction during disuse/inactivity are reviewed. Within the context of cardiovasomobility, experimental manipulation of physical activity provides valuable insight into the mechanisms responsible for vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction that limit mobility, degrade quality of life, and hasten the onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Trinity
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Caitlin C Fermoyle
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alec I McKenzie
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mark A Supiano
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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16
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Fix DK, Mahmassani ZS, Petrocelli JJ, de Hart NMMP, Ferrara PJ, Painter JS, Nistor G, Lane TE, Keirstead HS, Drummond MJ. Reversal of deficits in aged skeletal muscle during disuse and recovery in response to treatment with a secrotome product derived from partially differentiated human pluripotent stem cells. GeroScience 2021; 43:2635-2652. [PMID: 34427856 PMCID: PMC8602548 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged individuals are at risk to experience slow and incomplete muscle recovery following periods of disuse atrophy. While several therapies have been employed to mitigate muscle mass loss during disuse and improve recovery, few have proven effective at both. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a uniquely developed secretome product (STEM) on aged skeletal muscle mass and function during disuse and recovery. Aged (22 months) male C57BL/6 were divided into PBS or STEM treatment (n = 30). Mice within each treatment were assigned to either ambulatory control (CON; 14 days of normal cage ambulation), 14 days of hindlimb unloading (HU), or 14 days of hindlimb unloading followed by 7 days of recovery (recovery). Mice were given an intramuscular delivery into the hindlimb muscle of either PBS or STEM every other day for the duration of their respective treatment group. We found that STEM-treated mice compared to PBS had greater soleus muscle mass, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and grip strength during CON and recovery experimental conditions and less muscle atrophy and weakness during HU. Muscle CD68 +, CD11b + and CD163 + macrophages were more abundant in STEM-treated CON mice compared to PBS, while only CD68 + and CD11b + macrophages were more abundant during HU and recovery conditions with STEM treatment. Moreover, STEM-treated mice had lower collagen IV and higher Pax7 + cell content compared to PBS across all experimental conditions. As a follow-up to examine the cell autonomous role of STEM on muscle, C2C12 myotubes were given STEM or horse serum media to examine myotube fusion/size and effects on muscle transcriptional networks. STEM-treated C2C12 myotubes were larger and had a higher fusion index and were related to elevated expression of transcripts associated with extracellular matrix remodeling. Our results demonstrate that STEM is a unique cocktail that possesses potent immunomodulatory and cytoskeletal remodeling properties that may have translational potential to improve skeletal muscle across a variety of conditions that adversely effect aging muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K Fix
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, UT, 84108, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Ziad S Mahmassani
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, UT, 84108, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jonathan J Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, UT, 84108, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Naomi M M P de Hart
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, UT, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Patrick J Ferrara
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, UT, 84108, Salt Lake City, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas E Lane
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah, 520 Wakara Way, UT, 84108, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, UT, Salt Lake City, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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17
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Gleich J, Fleischhacker E, Rascher K, Friess T, Kammerlander C, Böcker W, Bücking B, Liener U, Drey M, Höfer C, Neuerburg C. Increased Geriatric Treatment Frequency Improves Mobility and Secondary Fracture Prevention in Older Adult Hip Fracture Patients-An Observational Cohort Study of 23,828 Patients from the Registry for Geriatric Trauma (ATR-DGU). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235489. [PMID: 34884190 PMCID: PMC8658325 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interdisciplinary orthogeriatric care of older adult hip fracture patients is of growing importance due to an ageing population, yet there is ongoing disagreement about the most effective model of care. This study aimed to compare different forms of orthogeriatric treatment, with focus on their impact on postoperative mobilization, mobility and secondary fracture prevention. In this observational cohort study, patients aged 70 years and older with a proximal femur fracture requiring surgery, were included from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019. Data were recorded from hospital stay to 120-day follow-up in the Registry for Geriatric Trauma (ATR-DGU), a specific designed registry for older adult hip fracture patients. Of 23,828 included patients from 95 different hospitals, 72% were female, median age was 85 (IQR 80–89) years. Increased involvement of geriatricians had a significant impact on mobilization on the first day (OR 1.1, CI 1.1–1.2) and mobility seven days after surgery (OR 1.1, CI 1.1–1.2), initiation of an osteoporosis treatment during in-hospital stay (OR 2.5, CI 2.4–2.7) and of an early complex geriatric rehabilitation treatment (OR 1.3, CI 1.2–1.4). These findings were persistent after 120 days of follow-up. Interdisciplinary treatment of orthogeriatric patients is beneficial and especially during in-patient stay increased involvement of geriatricians is decisive for early mobilization, mobility and initiation of osteoporosis treatment. Standardized treatment pathways in certified geriatric trauma departments with structured data collection in specific registries improve outcome monitoring and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gleich
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.G.); (E.F.); (W.B.)
| | - Evi Fleischhacker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.G.); (E.F.); (W.B.)
| | - Katherine Rascher
- AUC—Academy for Trauma Surgery, 80538 Munich, Germany; (K.R.); (T.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Thomas Friess
- AUC—Academy for Trauma Surgery, 80538 Munich, Germany; (K.R.); (T.F.); (C.H.)
| | | | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.G.); (E.F.); (W.B.)
| | - Benjamin Bücking
- Center for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, DRK-Kliniken Nordhessen, 34121 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Ulrich Liener
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Marienhospital, 70199 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Michael Drey
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Christine Höfer
- AUC—Academy for Trauma Surgery, 80538 Munich, Germany; (K.R.); (T.F.); (C.H.)
| | - Carl Neuerburg
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (J.G.); (E.F.); (W.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4400-73500
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18
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Hettinger ZR, Hamagata K, Confides AL, Lawrence MM, Miller BF, Butterfield TA, Dupont-Versteegden EE. Age-Related Susceptibility to Muscle Damage Following Mechanotherapy in Rats Recovering From Disuse Atrophy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:2132-2140. [PMID: 34181006 PMCID: PMC8599051 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability to fully recover lost muscle mass following periods of disuse atrophy predisposes older adults to lost independence and poor quality of life. We have previously shown that mechanotherapy at a moderate load (4.5 N) enhances muscle mass recovery following atrophy in adult, but not older adult rats. We propose that elevated transverse stiffness in aged muscle inhibits the growth response to mechanotherapy and hypothesize that a higher load (7.6 N) will overcome this resistance to mechanical stimuli. F344/BN adult and older adult male rats underwent 14 days of hindlimb suspension, followed by 7 days of recovery with (RE + M) or without (RE) mechanotherapy at 7.6 N on gastrocnemius muscle. The 7.6 N load was determined by measuring transverse passive stiffness and linearly scaling up from 4.5 N. No differences in protein turnover or mean fiber cross-sectional area were observed between RE and RE + M for older adult rats or adult rats at 7.6 N. However, there was a higher number of small muscle fibers present in older adult, but not adult rats, which was explained by a 16-fold increase in the frequency of small fibers expressing embryonic myosin heavy chain. Elevated central nucleation, satellite cell abundance, and dystrophin-/laminin+ fibers were present in older adult rats only following 7.6 N, while 4.5 N did not induce damage at either age. We conclude that age is an important variable when considering load used during mechanotherapy and age-related transverse stiffness may predispose older adults to damage during the recovery period following disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Hettinger
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Kyoko Hamagata
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Amy L Confides
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Marcus M Lawrence
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Timothy A Butterfield
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Esther E Dupont-Versteegden
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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19
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Di Girolamo FG, Fiotti N, Milanović Z, Situlin R, Mearelli F, Vinci P, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Narici M, Biolo G. The Aging Muscle in Experimental Bed Rest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:633987. [PMID: 34422875 PMCID: PMC8371327 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.633987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maintaining skeletal muscle mass and function in aging is crucial for preserving the quality of life and health. An experimental bed rest (BR) protocol is a suitable model to explore muscle decline on aging during inactivity. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was, therefore, to carry out an up-to-date evaluation of bed rest, with a specific focus on the magnitude of effects on muscle mass, strength, power, and functional capacity changes as well as the mechanisms, molecules, and pathways involved in muscle decay. Design: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Data sources: We used PubMed, Medline; Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library, all of which were searched prior to April 23, 2020. A manual search was performed to cover bed rest experimental protocols using the following key terms, either singly or in combination: "Elderly Bed rest," "Older Bed rest," "Old Bed rest," "Aging Bed rest," "Aging Bed rest," "Bed-rest," and "Bedrest". Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: The inclusion criteria were divided into four sections: type of study, participants, interventions, and outcome measures. The primary outcome measures were: body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, leg lean mass, cross-sectional area, knee extension power, cytokine pattern, IGF signaling biomarkers, FOXO signaling biomarkers, mitochondrial modulation biomarkers, and muscle protein kinetics biomarkers. Results: A total of 25 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, while 17 of them were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 118 healthy elderly volunteers underwent 5-, 7-, 10-, or 14-days of BR and provided a brief sketch on the possible mechanisms involved. In the very early phase of BR, important changes occurred in the skeletal muscle, with significant loss of performance associated with a lesser grade reduction of the total body and muscle mass. Meta-analysis of the effect of bed rest on total body mass was determined to be small but statistically significant (ES = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.19, P < 0.001). Moderate, statistically significant effects were observed for total lean body mass (ES = -0.67, 95% CI: -0.95 to -0.40, P < 0.001) after bed rest intervention. Overall, total lean body mass was decreased by 1.5 kg, while there was no relationship between bed rest duration and outcomes (Z = 0.423, p = 672). The meta-analyzed effect showed that bed rest produced large, statistically significant, effects (ES = -1.06, 95% CI: -1.37 to -0.75, P < 0.001) in terms of the knee extension power. Knee extension power was decreased by 14.65 N/s. In contrast, to other measures, meta-regression showed a significant relationship between bed rest duration and knee extension power (Z = 4.219, p < 0.001). Moderate, statistically significant, effects were observed after bed rest intervention for leg muscle mass in both old (ES = -0.68, 95% CI: -0.96 to -0.40, P < 0.001) and young (ES = -0.51, 95% CI: -0.80 to -0.22, P < 0.001) adults. However, the magnitude of change was higher in older (MD = -0.86 kg) compared to younger (MD = -0.24 kg) adults. Conclusion: Experimental BR is a suitable model to explore the detrimental effects of inactivity in young adults, old adults, and hospitalized people. Changes in muscle mass and function are the two most investigated variables, and they allow for a consistent trend in the BR-induced changes. Mechanisms underlying the greater loss of muscle mass and function in aging, following inactivity, need to be thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Giorgio Di Girolamo
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,SC Assistenza Farmaceutica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Fiotti
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Zoran Milanović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia.,Faculty of Sports Studies, Incubator of Kinanthropological Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Roberta Situlin
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Mearelli
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierandrea Vinci
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Marco Narici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Clinica Medica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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20
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Wilson DGG, Kelly J, Rickman M. Operative management of fragility fractures of the pelvis - a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:717. [PMID: 34419037 PMCID: PMC8380328 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of osteoporotic pelvic fractures in elderly patient is rising. This brings an increasing burden on health and social care systems as these injuries often lead to prolonged hospital admissions, loss of independence, morbidity and mortality. Some centres now advocate stabilisation of these injuries to reduce pain, facilitate early mobilisation, decrease hospital stay and restore independence. A systematic review of the literature was planned to establish the evidence for this intervention. Methods A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. A clinical librarian performed a search of the following databases: NHS Evidence, TRIP, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE and EMBASE. Seventeen eligible studies were identified with 766 patients. Results The quality of evidence was poor with no good quality randomised trials. The majority of injuries were minimally displaced. Posterior ring injuries were most often stabilised with percutaneous screws which were sometimes augmented with void filler. A number of techniques were described for stabilisation of the anterior ring although fixation of the anterior ring was frequently not performed. There was consistent evidence from the included studies that operative intervention significantly improved pain. Complications were minimal but there were increased failure rates when a single unaugmented sacroiliac joint screw was used. The limited availability of non-operative comparators made it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the efficacy of surgical over non-surgical management in these patients. Conclusions Operative management of fragility fractures of the pelvis should be considered for patients failing a brief period of non-operative management, however prospective randomised trials need to be performed to provide improved evidence for this intervention. Surgeons should consider which fixation techniques for fragility fractures of the pelvis are robust enough to allow immediate weightbearing, whilst minimising operative morbidity and post-operative complications. PROSPERO Systematic Review ID: CRD42020171237. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04579-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G G Wilson
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. .,, Present address: Brighton, UK.
| | - Joshua Kelly
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Mark Rickman
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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21
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Kirmaci ZİK, Firat T, Özkur HA, Neyal AM, Neyal A, Ergun N. Muscle architecture and its relationship with lower extremity muscle strength in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 122:1521-1528. [PMID: 34417688 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-021-01768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was planned to determine the muscle architecture (pennation angle, muscle fiber length, and muscle thickness) and its relationship to lower extremity muscle strength in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS). The muscle architecture (pennation angle, muscle fiber length, and muscle thickness) and lower extremity muscle strength were assessed in 33 pwMS [13 Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS), 5 Primary Progressive MS (PPMS), 5 Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS), and 11 matched healthy controls (HC)]. Muscle architecture features were assessed with ultrasonography and muscle strength were assessed with a digital hand-held dynamometer. The rectus femoris muscle thickness and pennation angle, gastrocnemius muscle thickness, and the tibialis anterior pennation angle were significantly lower in pwMS compared to HC (p < 0.05). The strength of hip flexors, hip extensors, knee extensors, foot plantar, and foot dorsi flexors were lower in pwMS. In PPMS group, muscle strength of hip flexors was lower than RRMS and SPMS groups, and muscle strength of foot dorsi flexors was lower than RRMS (p < 0.05). In pwMS, positive correlations were found, between knee flexor strength and biceps femoris pennation angle. Also knee extensor strength and rectus femoris fiber length and muscle thickness were correlated positively (p < 0.05). According to our results the muscle architecture is affected in MS. The determination of architectural changes of lower extremity muscles may guide the arrangement of optimal strength exercises in functional rehabilitation programs.ClinicalTrials: NCT03766698.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekiye İpek Katirci Kirmaci
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
| | - Tüzün Firat
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hanifi Ayhan Özkur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Münife Neyal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | | | - Nevin Ergun
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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22
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Kilroe SP, Fulford J, Jackman S, Holwerda A, Gijsen A, van Loon L, Wall BT. Dietary protein intake does not modulate daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates or loss of muscle mass and function during short-term immobilization in young men: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:548-561. [PMID: 32469388 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term (<1 wk) muscle disuse lowers daily myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates resulting in muscle mass loss. The understanding of how daily dietary protein intake influences such muscle deconditioning requires further investigation. OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of graded dietary protein intakes on daily MyoPS rates and the loss of muscle mass during 3 d of disuse. METHODS Thirty-three healthy young men (aged 22 ± 1 y; BMI = 23 ± 1 kg/m2) initially consumed the same standardized diet for 5 d, providing 1.6 g protein/kg body mass/d. Thereafter, participants underwent a 3-d period of unilateral leg immobilization during which they were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 eucaloric diets containing relatively high, low, or no protein (HIGH: 1.6, LOW: 0.5, NO: 0.15 g protein/kg/d; n = 11 per group). One day prior to immobilization participants ingested 400 mL deuterated water (D2O) with 50-mL doses consumed daily thereafter. Prior to and immediately after immobilization upper leg bilateral MRI scans and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed to measure quadriceps muscle volume and daily MyoPS rates, respectively. RESULTS Quadriceps muscle volume of the control legs remained unchanged throughout the experiment (P > 0.05). Immobilization led to 2.3 ± 0.4%, 2.7 ± 0.2%, and 2.0 ± 0.4% decreases in quadriceps muscle volume (P < 0.05) of the immobilized leg in the HIGH, LOW, and NO groups (P < 0.05), respectively, with no significant differences between groups (P > 0.05). D2O ingestion resulted in comparable plasma free [2H]-alanine enrichments during immobilization (∼2.5 mole percentage excess) across groups (P > 0.05). Daily MyoPS rates during immobilization were 30 ± 2% (HIGH), 26 ± 3% (LOW), and 27 ± 2% (NO) lower in the immobilized compared with the control leg, with no significant differences between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Three days of muscle disuse induces considerable declines in muscle mass and daily MyoPS rates. However, daily protein intake does not modulate any of these muscle deconditioning responses.Clinical trial registry number: NCT03797781.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Paul Kilroe
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jonathan Fulford
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah Jackman
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew Holwerda
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie Gijsen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Toby Wall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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23
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MacLennan RJ, Ogilvie D, McDorman J, Vargas E, Grusky AR, Kim Y, Garcia JM, Stock MS. The time course of neuromuscular impairment during short-term disuse in young women. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14677. [PMID: 33426809 PMCID: PMC7797948 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle disuse results in rapid functional declines. Previous studies have typically been at least 1 week in duration and focused on the responsiveness of men. Herein, we report the timeline of initial impairments in strength, voluntary activation (VA), and motor unit control during 2 weeks of knee joint immobilization. Thirteen women (mean age =21 years) underwent 2 weeks of left knee joint immobilization via ambulation on crutches and use of a brace. Participants visited the laboratory for testing on seven occasions (two familiarization visits, pretest, 48 and 72 h, 1 and 2 weeks). Knee extensor isometric and concentric isokinetic strength at two velocities (180 and 360 degrees⋅s-1 ), VA, and submaximal vastus lateralis motor unit activity were evaluated. Moderate-to-large decreases in isometric and concentric strength at 180 degrees⋅s-1 and VA were observed within 48 hours. Isometric strength continued to decline beyond 72 h, whereas other variables plateaued. The B-term of the motor unit mean firing rate versus action potential amplitude relationship demonstrated a moderate increase 1 week into immobilization, suggesting that greater firing rates were necessary to maintain pretest torque levels. Concentric strength at a velocity of 360 degrees s-1 was not affected. Decreases in knee extensor strength occur within a matter of days after immobilization, although the time course and magnitude vary among assessment methods. These changes are mediated by the nervous system's capacity to activate skeletal muscle. Clinically appropriate interventions which target nervous system plasticity should be implemented early to minimize the rapid functional impairments associated with disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J MacLennan
- Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - David Ogilvie
- School of Kinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - John McDorman
- School of Kinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ernest Vargas
- School of Kinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Arielle R Grusky
- School of Kinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Youngdeok Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jeanette M Garcia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Matt S Stock
- School of Kinesiology & Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.,Neuromuscular Plasticity Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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24
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Skoglund E, Grönholdt-Klein M, Rullman E, Thornell LE, Strömberg A, Hedman A, Cederholm T, Ulfhake B, Gustafsson T. Longitudinal Muscle and Myocellular Changes in Community-Dwelling Men Over Two Decades of Successful Aging-The ULSAM Cohort Revisited. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:654-663. [PMID: 31002330 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Participants of the population-based Uppsala longitudinal study of adult men (ULSAM) cohort reaching more than 88 years of age (survivors, S) were investigated at age 70, 82, and 88-90 and compared at 70 years with non-survivors (NS) not reaching 82 years. Body composition, muscle mass and muscle histology were remarkably stable over 18 years of advanced aging in S. Analysis of genes involved in muscle remodeling showed that S had higher mRNA levels of myogenic differentiation factors (Myogenin, MyoD), embryonic myosin (eMyHC), enzymes involved in regulated breakdown of myofibrillar proteins (Smad2, Trim32, MuRF1,) and NCAM compared with healthy adult men (n = 8). S also had higher mRNA levels of eMyHC, Smad 2, MuRF1 compared with NS. At 88 years, S expressed decreased levels of Myogenin, MyoD, eMyHC, NCAM and Smad2 towards those seen in NS at 70 years. The gene expression pattern of S at 70 years was likely beneficial since they maintained muscle fiber histology and appendicular lean body mass until advanced age. The expression pattern at 88 years may indicate a diminished muscle remodeling coherent with a decline of reinnervation capacity and/or plasticity at advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Skoglund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Strömberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anu Hedman
- Heart Centre East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Estonia
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Szulc P. Impact of Bone Fracture on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance-Narrative Review. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:633-645. [PMID: 33030682 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Low muscle strength and poor physical performance are associated with high risk of fracture. Many studies assessed clinical and functional outcomes of fractures. Fewer studies analyzed the impact of fractures on muscle strength and physical performance. RECENT FINDINGS Vertebral fractures (especially multiple and severe ones) are associated with back pain, back-related disability, lower grip strength, lower strength of lower limbs, lower gait speed, and poor balance. Patients with hip fracture have slower gait and lower quadriceps strength. Non-vertebral fractures were associated with lower strength of the muscles adjacent to the fracture site (e.g., grip strength in the case of distal radius fracture, knee extensors in the case of patellar fracture) and poor physical function dependent on the muscles adjacent to the fracture site (e.g., limited range of motion of the shoulder in the case of humerus fracture, gait disturbances in the case of the ankle fracture). Individuals with a fracture experience a substantial deterioration of muscle strength and physical performance which exceeds that related to aging and is focused on the period close to the fracture occurrence. After fracture, muscle strength increased and physical performance improved. The rate of normalization depended partly on the therapeutic approach and on the rehabilitation program. A subgroup of patients, mainly the elderly, never returns to the pre-fracture level of physical performance. The permanent decline of physical function after fracture may be related to the limitation of movements due to pain, low physical activity, poor health before the fracture, and reduced efficacy of retraining after immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Szulc
- INSERM UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France.
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26
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Petrocelli JJ, Drummond MJ. PGC-1α-Targeted Therapeutic Approaches to Enhance Muscle Recovery in Aging. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228650. [PMID: 33233350 PMCID: PMC7700690 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired muscle recovery (size and strength) following a disuse period commonly occurs in older adults. Many of these individuals are not able to adequately exercise due to pain and logistic barriers. Thus, nutritional and pharmacological therapeutics, that are translatable, are needed to promote muscle recovery following disuse in older individuals. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) may be a suitable therapeutic target due to pleiotropic regulation of skeletal muscle. This review focuses on nutritional and pharmacological interventions that target PGC-1α and related Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) signaling in muscle and thus may be rapidly translated to prevent muscle disuse atrophy and promote recovery. In this review, we present several therapeutics that target PGC-1α in skeletal muscle such as leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbuyrate (HMB), arginine, resveratrol, metformin and combination therapies that may have future application to conditions of disuse and recovery in humans.
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27
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Shalaj I, Gjaka M, Bachl N, Wessner B, Tschan H, Tishukaj F. Potential prognostic factors for hamstring muscle injury in elite male soccer players: A prospective study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241127. [PMID: 33166289 PMCID: PMC7652257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hamstring injuries remain the most common injury type across many professional sports. Despite a variety of intervention strategies, its incidence in soccer players playing in the UEFA Champions League has increased by 4% per year over the last decade. Test batteries trying to identify potential risk factors have produced inconclusive results. The purpose of the current study was to prospectively record hamstring injuries, to investigate the incidence and characteristics of the injuries, and to identify possible risk factors in elite male soccer players, playing in the Kosovo national premier league. A total of 143 soccer players from 11 teams in Kosovo were recruited. To identify possible prevalent musculoskeletal or medical conditions a widespread health and fitness assessment was performed including isokinetic strength testing, Nordic hamstring strength test, functional tests, and a comprehensive anamnesis surveying previous hamstring injuries. On average 27.9% of the players sustained at least one hamstring injury with three players suffering bilateral strains with the re-injury rate being 23%. Injured players were significantly older and heavier and had a higher body mass index compared to non-injured ones (p < 0.05). There was a lower passing rate in the Nordic hamstring strength test and a higher injury incidence among the previously injured players compared to non-injured ones (p < 0.05). Except for hamstring/quadriceps ratio and relative torque at 60°/sec (p < 0.05) for dominant and non-dominant leg, there were no other significant differences in isokinetic strength regardless of the angular velocity. No differences were observed for functional tests between cohorts. Regression analysis revealed that age, Nordic hamstring strength test, previous injury history, and isokinetic concentric torque at 240°/sec could determine hamstring injuries by 25.9%, with no other significant predicting risk factors. The battery of laboratory and field-based tests performed during preseason to determine performance related skills showed limited diagnostic conclusiveness, making it difficult to detect players at risk for future hamstring injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismet Shalaj
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Masar Gjaka
- Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
- Department of Sport and Movement Science, University for Business and Technology, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Norbert Bachl
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Tschan
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Faton Tishukaj
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University of Pristina “Hasan Prishtina”, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Pristina, Kosovo
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Lobo DN, Gianotti L, Adiamah A, Barazzoni R, Deutz NEP, Dhatariya K, Greenhaff PL, Hiesmayr M, Hjort Jakobsen D, Klek S, Krznaric Z, Ljungqvist O, McMillan DC, Rollins KE, Panisic Sekeljic M, Skipworth RJE, Stanga Z, Stockley A, Stockley R, Weimann A. Perioperative nutrition: Recommendations from the ESPEN expert group. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3211-3227. [PMID: 32362485 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Malnutrition has been recognized as a major risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes. The ESPEN Symposium on perioperative nutrition was held in Nottingham, UK, on 14-15 October 2018 and the aims of this document were to highlight the scientific basis for the nutritional and metabolic management of surgical patients. METHODS This paper represents the opinion of experts in this multidisciplinary field and those of a patient and caregiver, based on current evidence. It highlights the current state of the art. RESULTS Surgical patients may present with varying degrees of malnutrition, sarcopenia, cachexia, obesity and myosteatosis. Preoperative optimization can help improve outcomes. Perioperative fluid therapy should aim at keeping the patient in as near zero fluid and electrolyte balance as possible. Similarly, glycemic control is especially important in those patients with poorly controlled diabetes, with a stepwise increase in the risk of infectious complications and mortality per increasing HbA1c. Immobilization can induce a decline in basal energy expenditure, reduced insulin sensitivity, anabolic resistance to protein nutrition and muscle strength, all of which impair clinical outcomes. There is a role for pharmaconutrition, pre-, pro- and syn-biotics, with the evidence being stronger in those undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Nutritional assessment of the surgical patient together with the appropriate interventions to restore the energy deficit, avoid weight loss, preserve the gut microbiome and improve functional performance are all necessary components of the nutritional, metabolic and functional conditioning of the surgical patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileep N Lobo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Luca Gianotti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Alfred Adiamah
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Rocco Barazzoni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4253, USA
| | - Ketan Dhatariya
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and General Medicine, Elsie Bertram Diabetes Centre, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of East Anglia, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Michael Hiesmayr
- Division of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Surgical Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stanislaw Klek
- General and Oncology Surgery Unit, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland
| | - Zeljko Krznaric
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb and Zagreb School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olle Ljungqvist
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katie E Rollins
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Marina Panisic Sekeljic
- Military Medical Academy, Clinic for General Surgery, Department for Perioperative Nutrition, Crnostravska Street 17, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Richard J E Skipworth
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Zeno Stanga
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Stockley
- Patient Public Involvement Group, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ralph Stockley
- Patient Public Involvement Group, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Arved Weimann
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Onkologische Chirurgie, Klinikum St. Georg gGmbH, Delitzscher Straße 141, 04129, Leipzig, Germany
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Sieljacks PS, Søberg CA, Michelsen AS, Dalgas U, Hvid LG. Lower extremity muscle strength across the adult lifespan in multiple sclerosis: Implications for walking and stair climbing capacity. Exp Gerontol 2020; 139:111025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Karlsen A, Mackey AL, Suetta C, Kjaer M. What is the impact of acute inflammation on muscle performance in geriatric patients? Exp Gerontol 2020; 138:111008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Meier NF, Lee DC. Physical activity and sarcopenia in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:1675-1687. [PMID: 31625078 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is prevalent in ever growing older adult populations. AIM The aim of this study was to quantify the association between physical activity (PA), sedentary time (SED), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and strength (STR) with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults using a standard definition of sarcopenia. METHOD This cross-sectional study examined a large group of older adults (n = 304) who provided a broad range of health, lifestyle, and socioeconomic variables. PA was assessed using a pedometer worn for 7 days. SED was assessed by survey. CRF was assessed by 400-m walk test performance. Strength (STR) was assessed by one-repetition maximum chest and leg press. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition defined 10.9% (n = 33) as sarcopenic. RESULTS PA, CRF, and STR were significantly associated with sarcopenia components (muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle function). The upper two-thirds of CRF had significantly lower odds of having sarcopenia, whereas the strongest third of STR was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia. All exposure variables had significant odds ratios associated with at least one component of sarcopenia. Joint analyses indicated additional benefit may be gained from being both active (≥ 5000 daily steps) and fit (top two-thirds), active and strong (top two-thirds), and fit and strong. DISCUSSION Overall, objectively measured PA, CRF, and STR, and self-reported SED, are associated with sarcopenia and its components. CONCLUSION Therefore, older adults who are physically active, maintain higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, upper and lower body strength, and avoid sedentary time may have significantly lower odds of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan F Meier
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Arts and Sciences, Concordia University Irvine, 1530 Concordia West, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, 103H Forker, 534 Wallace Dr., Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Duck-Chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, 103H Forker, 534 Wallace Dr., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Suzuki K, Ito T, Okada Y, Hiraoka T, Hanayama K, Tsubahara A. Preventive Effects of Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation on Muscle Atrophy in the Paretic Lower Limb of Acute Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study. Prog Rehabil Med 2020; 5:20200008. [PMID: 32789276 PMCID: PMC7365239 DOI: 10.2490/prm.20200008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repetitive peripheral magnetic
stimulation (rPMS) on muscle atrophy prevention in the rectus femoris muscle (RF) of the
paretic limb in acute stroke patients. Methods: Twelve acute stroke patients with a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score
>5 and a motor score of the paretic lower limb >2 at admission were divided into
an intervention group (rPMS: mean age, 75±6.4 years) and a conventional care group
(non-rPMS: mean age, 62±11.8 years). Baseline measurements were performed within 4 days
of stroke onset. In the rPMS group, treatment was applied to the paretic thigh only for
2 weeks, 5 days a week, in addition to conventional care. The cross-sectional area (CSA)
of the RF was assessed in both limbs using ultrasound at baseline and 2 weeks later.
Data on patient characteristics were collected from the clinical records to assess
correlations with the CSA rate of change. Results: Patients in the rPMS group were significantly older. Although the CSA of the RF did
not change significantly on either side in the rPMS group, there was a significant
decrease in the CSA on the paretic side in the non-rPMS group. However, no significant
difference was observed in the CSA rate of change in the rPMS and non-rPMS groups. The
CSA rate of change on the paretic side correlated negatively with age in the rPMS group.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that rPMS prevents muscle atrophy more effectively in patients in
their 60s than in patients more than 70 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.,Rehabilitation Center, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuji Okada
- Rehabilitation Center, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Hiraoka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kozo Hanayama
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akio Tsubahara
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
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Zeckey C, Späth A, Kieslich S, Kammerlander C, Böcker W, Weigert M, Neuerburg C. Early Mobilization Versus Splinting After Surgical Management of Distal Radius Fractures. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 117:445-451. [PMID: 32897182 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the surgical management of distal radius fractures (DRF) in older patients, further treatment with a splint often follows. It is unclear whether early mobilization might be superior to splinting in this group of patients, as it is in others. In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, we attempted to determine whether early mobilization yields better outcomes. METHODS 50 patients over age 70 with DRF were included in the trial. Group A (the splint group) was treated with postoperative immobilization, group B with early mobilization. Clinical follow-up examinations were performed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks and at 6 and 12 months. X-rays were obtained preoperatively, postoperatively, at 6 weeks, and at 6 months. The primary outcome parameter was the modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS) at 6 weeks. RESULTS At 6 weeks, the functional outcome was better to a statistically significant extent in group B (MMWS; 65/100 vs. 55/100 [q25 : 55/40 - q75 : 70/70; p = 0.025]). No difference between the two groups was demonstrable in their further clinical course. The estimated regression model revealed a statistically significant effect of the method of treatment (p = 0.023). There were no differences in hand strength or in x-ray findings. DISCUSION Early mobilization is associated with better wrist function on initial follow-up, without any demonstrable disadvantage with respect to secondary dislocation. The psychological benefit and protective function of wrist splinting in patients who are in danger of falling should nonetheless be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zeckey
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Department of Trauma Surgery and Orthopedics, RoMed Klinikum Rosenheim; Statistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
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Gawel SH, Davis GJ, Luo M, Deutz NEP, Wolfe RR, Pereira SL. Serum biomarkers that predict lean mass loss over bed rest in older adults: An exploratory study. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509:72-78. [PMID: 32505773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lean mass (LM) loss during extended bed rest contributes to long term functional decline in older adults. Identifying blood biomarkers that predict a hospitalized individual's risk of losing LM could allow for timely intervention. METHODS LM from 19 healthy subjects (age 60-76 y, 4 males, 15 females), who were confined to 10 days of complete bed rest, was measured pre- and post-bed rest. One hundred eighty-seven biomarkers from pre-bed rest fasted serum samples were obtained from all evaluable subjects (n = 18), analyzed using multiplexed immunoassay array and pooled. Decision tree analysis was used to identify pre-bed rest markers that predict LM loss over bed rest. RESULTS Sixty-three markers were excluded due to being below assay detection limits. One pair of markers, Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 (TIMP1) and tenascin C (TNC), were found to correlate with percent change in total LM over bed rest: [R2 = 0.71, all subjects; R2 = 0.76, females]. Subjects with pre-bed rest TIMP1 ≥ 141 ng/ml had the highest loss of total LM over bed rest, whereas subjects with pre-bed rest TIMP1 < 141 and TNC ≥ 461 ng/ml maintained total LM over bed rest. An additional marker set was found to correlate with percent change in leg LM loss over bed rest: matrix metalloprotease-3 (MMP3) and apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2) [R2 = 0.59, females]. Females with pre-bed rest MMP3 < 6.93 ng/ml had the highest loss of leg LM over bed rest. Whereas females with pre-bed rest MMP3 ≥ 6.93 and ApoA2 < 276 ng/ml, maintained leg lean mass at the end of bed rest. CONCLUSIONS Panels of blood biomarkers associated with the muscle extracellular matrix may predict the likelihood for LM loss over extended bed rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H Gawel
- Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
| | - Gerard J Davis
- Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA
| | - Menghua Luo
- Abbott Nutrition Division, Abbott Laboratories, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH 43219, USA
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Texas A&M University, Department of Health & Kinesiology, 675 John Kimbrough Blvd, College Station, TX 77843-4253, USA
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, UAMS Centers on Aging, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Suzette L Pereira
- Abbott Nutrition Division, Abbott Laboratories, 3300 Stelzer Road, Columbus, OH 43219, USA.
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Rytter N, Piil P, Carter H, Nyberg M, Hellsten Y, Gliemann L. Microvascular Function Is Impaired after Short-Term Immobilization in Healthy Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:2107-2116. [PMID: 32496738 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined whether 2 wk of one-leg immobilization would impair leg microvascular function and to what extent a subsequent period of intense aerobic cycle training could restore function. METHODS Study participants were healthy young men (n = 12; 20-24 yr of age). Leg microvascular function was determined before the intervention, after the immobilization period, and after a 4-wk exercise training period. Microvascular function was assessed as the vasodilator response to intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside and as the vasoconstrictor response to endogenous noradrenaline release induced by tyramine infusion. Vasodilator enzymes as well as prooxidant and antioxidant enzymes were assessed by protein analysis in skeletal muscle samples: endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase (NOX p67 and NOX gp91), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). RESULTS The acetylcholine-induced change in vascular conductance was reduced after the 2 wk of immobilization (P = 0.003), tended to increase (P = 0.061), and was back to baseline levels after the subsequent 4 wk of exercise training. Plasma prostacyclin levels in response to acetylcholine infusion were lower after immobilization than before (P = 0.041). The changes in vascular conductance with sodium nitroprusside and tyramine were similar during all conditions. Skeletal muscle protein levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the experimental leg were unchanged with immobilization and subsequent training but increased 47% in the control leg with training (P = 0.002). NOX p67, NOX gp91, and SOD2 in the experimental leg remained unaltered with immobilization, and SOD2 was higher than preimmobilization after 4 wk of training (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study shows that 2 wk of immobilization impairs leg microvascular endothelial function and prostacyclin formation but that 4 wk of intense aerobic exercise training restores the function. The underlying mechanism may reside in the prostacyclin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Rytter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle strength loss following immobilisation has been predominantly attributed to rapid muscle atrophy. However, this cannot fully explain the magnitude of muscle strength loss, so changes in neuromuscular function (NMF) may be involved. OBJECTIVES We systematically reviewed literature that quantified changes in muscle strength, size and NMF following periods of limb immobilisation in vivo in humans. METHODS Studies were identified following systematic searches, assessed for inclusion, data extracted and quality appraised by two reviewers. Data were tabulated and reported narratively. RESULTS Forty eligible studies were included, 22 immobilised lower and 18 immobilised upper limbs. Limb immobilisation ranged from 12 h to 56 days. Isometric muscle strength and muscle size declined following immobilisation; however, change magnitude was greater for strength than size. Evoked resting twitch force decreased for lower but increased for upper limbs. Rate of force development either remained unchanged or slowed for lower and typically slowed for upper limbs. Twitch relaxation rate slowed for both lower and upper limbs. Central motor drive typically decreased for both locations, while electromyography amplitude during maximum voluntary contractions decreased for the lower and presented mixed findings for the upper limbs. Trends imply faster rates of NMF loss relative to size earlier in immobilisation periods for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Limb immobilisation results in non-uniform loss of isometric muscle strength, size and NMF over time. Different outcomes between upper and lower limbs could be attributed to higher degrees of central neural control of upper limb musculature. Future research should focus on muscle function losses and mechanisms following acute immobilisation. REGISTRATION PROSPERO reference: CRD42016033692.
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Suzuki H, Yoshikawa Y, Tsujimoto H, Kitaura T, Muraoka I. Clenbuterol accelerates recovery after immobilization-induced atrophy of rat hindlimb muscle. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151453. [PMID: 31761272 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated whether daily administration of clenbuterol (CLE; 1 mg/kg body weight per day) accelerates recovery after casted immobilization(IMM)-induced atrophy of fast-twitch plantaris and slow-twitch soleus muscles. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to the control (CON), casted immobilization (IMM), casted immobilization following recovery control (RCON), and casted immobilization following recovery with CLE administration (RCLE) groups. Casted immobilization and recovery periods were 9 and 14days, respectively. Rats of the CON group were subjected to the experiment simultaneously with the IMM group. Nine days of immobilization induced muscle fiber atrophy, which was greater in the soleus muscle than in the plantaris muscle. After the 2-week recovery period, the cross-sectional areas of each fiber type in both muscles were higher in the RCON group than in the IMM group. The cross-sectional areas of each fiber type in both muscles in the RCLE group were larger than those in the RCON group. The myonuclear number of each fiber type of the plantaris muscle in the RCON and RCLE groups was higher than that in the CON group. In contrast, the myonuclear number per fiber of the soleus muscle was not affected by hindlimb immobilization, reloading, and clenbuterol administration regardless of muscle fiber type. These results suggest that CLE accelerates the recovery of atrophied plantaris and soleus muscles fibers and that their mechanisms of responses to CLE in both muscles may be different during recovery period after muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Suzuki
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Aichi University of Education, Kariya, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Isao Muraoka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Ramari C, Hvid LG, David ACD, Dalgas U. The importance of lower-extremity muscle strength for lower-limb functional capacity in multiple sclerosis: Systematic review. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2019; 63:123-137. [PMID: 31816449 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower-limb functional capacity is impaired in most people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Reductions in lower-extremity muscle mechanical function (e.g., muscle strength) appear to have critical implications for lower-limb functional capacity. However, no review has summarized the current knowledge about the importance of muscle strength for functional tasks in PwMS. Expanding the current knowledge would advance the design of both clinical and research interventions aiming to improve functional capacity in PwMS. OBJECTIVES (1) To identify studies that measured lower-extremity muscle mechanical function and lower-limb functional capacity outcomes in PwMS, and (2) to map associations between muscle strength and functional capacity. METHODS This review was based on a literature search (databases: PubMed, Embase). Included studies had to report data on lower-extremity muscle mechanical function and lower-limb functional capacity outcomes in PwMS. The associations between muscle strength and functional capacity were analyzed by using the reported correlation coefficients (R) recalculated to the determination coefficient R2. Randomized trials and observational studies were included. RESULTS A total of 59 articles were reviewed; 17 (773 participants) reported associations between muscle strength and functional capacity. Lower-extremity muscle mechanical function explained a significant part of the variance in most lower-limb functional capacity tests (approximately 20-30%). This was particularly evident in muscle strength from the weakest leg. Muscle strength was predominantly tested on knee extensors and knee flexors by using isokinetic dynamometry during maximal isometric (0°/s) and dynamic (30-60°/s) contractions. Walking tests such as the timed 25-Foot Walk Test and 10-Min, 2-Min and 6-Min Walk Test were the most frequently performed functional capacity tests. CONCLUSIONS In PwMS, muscle strength of particularly the weakest limb explains 20% to 30% of the variance across a number of lower-limb functional capacity tests. Thus, exercise programs should focus on increasing lower-extremity muscle mechanical function in PwMS and minimizing strength asymmetry between limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Ramari
- Faculty of Physical Education, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Lars G Hvid
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | - Ulrik Dalgas
- Section for Sport Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Pedersen MM, Petersen J, Beyer N, Larsen HGJ, Jensen PS, Andersen O, Bandholm T. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of supervised progressive cross-continuum strength training and protein supplementation in older medical patients: the STAND-Cph trial. Trials 2019; 20:655. [PMID: 31779693 PMCID: PMC6883554 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During hospitalization, older adults (+ 65 years) are inactive, which puts them at risk of functional decline and loss of independence. Systematic strength training can prevent loss of functional performance and combining strength training with protein supplementation may enhance the response in muscle mass and strength. However, we lack knowledge about the effect of strength training commenced during hospitalization and continued after discharge in older medical patients. This assessor-blinded, randomized study investigated the effect of a simple, supervised strength training program for the lower extremities, combined with post-training protein supplementation during hospitalization and in the home setting for 4 weeks after discharge, on the effect on change in mobility in older medical patients. Methods Older medical patients (≥ 65 years) admitted acutely from their home to the Emergency Department were randomized to either standard care or supervised progressive strength training and an oral protein supplement during hospitalization and at home 3 days/week for 4 weeks after discharge. The primary outcome was between-group difference in change in mobility from baseline to 4 weeks after discharge assessed by the De Morton Mobility Index, which assesses bed mobility, chair mobility, static and dynamic balance, and walking. Secondary outcomes were 24-h mobility, lower extremity strength, gait speed, grip strength and activities of daily living. Results Eighty-five patients were randomized to an intervention group (N = 43) or a control group (N = 42). In the intervention group, 43% were highly compliant with the intervention. Our intention-to-treat analysis revealed no between-group difference in mobility (mean difference in change from baseline to 4 weeks, − 4.17 (95% CI − 11.09; 2.74; p = 0.24) nor in any of the secondary outcomes. The per-protocol analysis showed that the daily number of steps taken increased significantly more in the intervention group compared to the control group (mean difference in change from baseline to 4 weeks, 1033.4 steps (95% CI 4.1; 2062.7), p = 0.049, adjusted for mobility at baseline and length of stay; 1032.8 steps (95% CI 3.6; 2061.9), p = 0.049, adjusted for mobility at baseline, length of stay, and steps at baseline). Conclusions Simple supervised strength training for the lower extremities, combined with protein supplementation initiated during hospitalization and continued at home for 4 weeks after discharge was not superior to usual care in the effect on change in mobility at 4 weeks in older medical patients. For the secondary outcome, daily number of steps, high compliance with the intervention resulted in a greater daily number of steps. Less than half of the patients were compliant with the intervention indicating that a simpler intervention might be needed. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01964482. Registered on 14 October 2013. Trial protocol PubMed ID (PMID), 27039381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Merete Pedersen
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Janne Petersen
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5 Entrance B, 2nd floor, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nina Beyer
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Helle Gybel-Juul Larsen
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Pia Søe Jensen
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Ove Andersen
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Emergency Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bandholm
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Physical- and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Monitoring exercise-induced muscle damage indicators and myoelectric activity during two weeks of knee extensor exercise training in young and old men. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224866. [PMID: 31697769 PMCID: PMC6837446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study considered the effects of repeated bouts of short-term resistive exercise in old (age: 64.5±5.5 years; n = 10) and young men (age: 25.1±4.9 years; n = 10) who performed six knee extension exercise bouts over two weeks using various markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and electromyographic activity. We found that time-course changes in quadriceps isometric torque, creatine kinase activity, and muscle soreness in the two groups were similar. However, recovery in the acute torque deficit was mediated by more favourable electromyographic activity changes in the young group than in the older adults group. Muscle elastic energy storage and re-use assessed with dynamometry was selectively improved in the young group by the end of the protocol. Serum myoglobin concentration increased selectively in old group, and remained elevated with further bouts, suggesting higher sarcolemma vulnerability and less effective metabolic adaptation in the older adults, which, however, did not affect muscle contractility.
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Trevino MB, Zhang X, Standley RA, Wang M, Han X, Reis FCG, Periasamy M, Yu G, Kelly DP, Goodpaster BH, Vega RB, Coen PM. Loss of mitochondrial energetics is associated with poor recovery of muscle function but not mass following disuse atrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E899-E910. [PMID: 31479303 PMCID: PMC6879870 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00161.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a clinically important outcome of disuse because of injury, immobilization, or bed rest. Disuse atrophy is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, which likely contributes to activation of the muscle atrophy program. However, the linkage of muscle mass and mitochondrial energetics during disuse atrophy and its recovery is incompletely understood. Transcriptomic analysis of muscle biopsies from healthy older adults subject to complete bed rest revealed marked inhibition of mitochondrial energy metabolic pathways. To determine the temporal sequence of muscle atrophy and changes in intramyocellular lipid and mitochondrial energetics, we conducted a time course of hind limb unloading-induced atrophy in adult mice. Mitochondrial respiration and calcium retention capacity were diminished, whereas H2O2 emission was increased within 3 days of unloading before significant muscle atrophy. These changes were associated with a decrease in total cardiolipin and profound changes in remodeled cardiolipin species. Hind limb unloading performed in muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α/β knockout mice, a model of mitochondrial dysfunction, did not affect muscle atrophy but impacted muscle function. These data suggest early mitochondrial remodeling affects muscle function but not mass during disuse atrophy. Early alterations in mitochondrial energetics and lipid remodeling may represent novel targets to prevent muscle functional impairment caused by disuse and to enhance recovery from periods of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle B Trevino
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida
| | - Robert A Standley
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida
| | - Miao Wang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
| | - Xianlin Han
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
| | - Felipe C G Reis
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
| | - Gongxin Yu
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida
| | - Rick B Vega
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida
| | - Paul M Coen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, Florida
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Dumitru A, Radu BM, Radu M, Cretoiu SM. Muscle Changes During Atrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1088:73-92. [PMID: 30390248 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1435-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle atrophy typically is a direct effect of protein degradation induced by a diversity of pathophysiologic states such as disuse, immobilization, denervation, aging, sepsis, cachexia, glucocorticoid treatment, hereditary muscular disorders, cancer, diabetes and obesity, kidney and heart failure, and others. Muscle atrophy is defined by changes in the muscles, consisting in shrinkage of myofibers, changes in the types of fiber and myosin isoforms, and a net loss of cytoplasm, organelles and overall a protein loss. Although in the literature there are extensive studies in a range of animal models, the paucity of human data is a reality. This chapter is focused on various aspects of muscle wasting and describes the transitions of myofiber types during the progression of muscle atrophy in several pathological states. Clinical conditions associated with muscle atrophy have been grouped based on the fast-to-slow or slow-to-fast fiber-type shifts. We have also summarized the ultrastructural and histochemical features characteristic for muscle atrophy in clinical and experimental models for aging, cancer, diabetes and obesity, and heart failure and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Dumitru
- Department of Pathology, Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Life, Environmental and Earth Sciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Life & Environmental Physics, 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute for Physics & Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
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Larsson L, Degens H, Li M, Salviati L, Lee YI, Thompson W, Kirkland JL, Sandri M. Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:427-511. [PMID: 30427277 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 693] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function in the elderly that reduces mobility, diminishes quality of life, and can lead to fall-related injuries, which require costly hospitalization and extended rehabilitation. This review focuses on the aging-related structural changes and mechanisms at cellular and subcellular levels underlying changes in the individual motor unit: specifically, the perikaryon of the α-motoneuron, its neuromuscular junction(s), and the muscle fibers that it innervates. Loss of muscle mass with aging, which is largely due to the progressive loss of motoneurons, is associated with reduced muscle fiber number and size. Muscle function progressively declines because motoneuron loss is not adequately compensated by reinnervation of muscle fibers by the remaining motoneurons. At the intracellular level, key factors are qualitative changes in posttranslational modifications of muscle proteins and the loss of coordinated control between contractile, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic reticulum protein expression. Quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscle during the process of aging also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acquired and hereditary neuromuscular disorders. In experimental models, specific intervention strategies have shown encouraging results on limiting deterioration of motor unit structure and function under conditions of impaired innervation. Translated to the clinic, if these or similar interventions, by saving muscle and improving mobility, could help alleviate sarcopenia in the elderly, there would be both great humanitarian benefits and large cost savings for health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Meishan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Young Il Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Wesley Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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Franco I, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Vrtačnik P, Lundberg TR, Eriksson M, Gustafsson T. Healthy skeletal muscle aging: The role of satellite cells, somatic mutations and exercise. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 346:157-200. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dysphagia Onset in Older Adults during Unrelated Hospital Admission: Quantitative Videofluoroscopic Measures. Geriatrics (Basel) 2018; 3:geriatrics3040066. [PMID: 31011101 PMCID: PMC6371158 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics3040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
New-onset swallowing difficulties in older patients during unrelated hospital admissions are well recognized and may result in prolonged hospital stay and increased morbidity. Presbyphagia denotes age-related swallowing changes which do not necessarily result in pathological effects. The trajectory from presbyphagia to dysphagia is not well understood. This retrospective observational study compared quantitative videofluoroscopic measures in hospitalized older adults aged 70-100 years, reporting new dysphagia symptoms during admission (n = 52), to healthy asymptomatic older (n = 56) and younger adults (n = 43). Significant physiological differences seen in hospitalized older adults but not healthy adults, were elevated pharyngeal area (p < 0.001) and pharyngeal constriction ratio (p < 0.001). Significantly increased penetration (p < 0.001), aspiration (p < 0.001) and pharyngeal residue (p < 0.001) were also observed in the hospitalized older cohort. Reasons for onset of new swallow problems during hospitalization are likely multifactorial and complex. Alongside multimorbidity and polypharmacy, a combination of factors during hospitalization, such as fatigue, low levels of alertness, delirium, reduced respiratory support and disuse atrophy, may tip the balance of age-related swallowing adaptations and compensation toward dysfunctional swallowing. To optimize swallowing assessment and management for our aging population, care must be taken not to oversimplify dysphagia complaints as a characteristic of aging.
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Kneppers A, Leermakers P, Pansters N, Backx E, Gosker H, van Loon L, Schols A, Langen R, Verdijk L. Coordinated regulation of skeletal muscle mass and metabolic plasticity during recovery from disuse. FASEB J 2018; 33:1288-1298. [PMID: 30133324 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701403rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration after disuse is essential for muscle maintenance and involves the regulation of both mass- and metabolic plasticity-related processes. However, the relation between these processes during recovery from disuse remains unclear. In this study, we explored the potential interrelationship between the molecular regulation of muscle mass and oxidative metabolism during recovery from disuse. Molecular profiles were measured in biopsies from the vastus lateralis of healthy men after 1-leg cast immobilization and after 1 wk reloading, and in mouse gastrocnemius obtained before and after hindlimb suspension and during reloading (RL-1, -2, -3, -5, and -8 d). Cluster analysis of the human recovery response revealed correlations between myogenesis and autophagy markers in 2 clusters, which were distinguished by the presence of markers of early myogenesis, autophagosome formation, and mitochondrial turnover vs. markers of late myogenesis, autophagy initiation, and mitochondrial mass. In line with these findings, an early transient increase in B-cell lymphoma-2 interacting protein-3 and sequestosome-1 protein, and GABA type A receptor-associated protein like-1 protein and mRNA and a late increase in myomaker and myosin heavy chain-8 mRNA, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II:I ratio, and FUN14 domain-containing-1 mRNA and protein were observed in mice. In summary, the regulatory profiles of protein, mitochondrial, and myonuclear turnover are correlated and temporally associated, suggesting a coordinated regulation of muscle mass- and oxidative metabolism-related processes during recovery from disuse.-Kneppers, A., Leermakers, P., Pansters, N., Backx, E., Gosker, H., van Loon, L., Schols, A., Langen, R., Verdijk, L. Coordinated regulation of skeletal muscle mass and metabolic plasticity during recovery from disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kneppers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Pieter Leermakers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Nicholas Pansters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Evelien Backx
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gosker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Luc van Loon
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Ramon Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Lex Verdijk
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Gan Z, Fu T, Kelly DP, Vega RB. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling in exercise and diseases. Cell Res 2018; 28:969-980. [PMID: 30108290 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fitness and plasticity is an important determinant of human health and disease. Mitochondria are essential for maintaining skeletal muscle energy homeostasis by adaptive re-programming to meet the demands imposed by a myriad of physiologic or pathophysiological stresses. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including muscular dystrophy, atrophy, type 2 diabetes, and aging-related sarcopenia. Notably, exercise counteracts the effects of many chronic diseases on skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Recent studies have revealed a finely tuned regulatory network that orchestrates skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and function in response to exercise and in disease states. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria also serve to "communicate" with the nucleus and mediate adaptive genomic re-programming. Here we review the current state of knowledge relevant to the dynamic remodeling of skeletal muscle mitochondria in response to exercise and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenji Gan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, 210061, Nanjing, China.
| | - Tingting Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Department of Spine Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, 210061, Nanjing, China
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Rick B Vega
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, 32804, USA.
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Does physiotherapy prehabilitation improve pre-surgical outcomes and influence patient expectations prior to knee and hip joint arthroplasty? Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs 2018; 30:14-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Alonso AC, Brech GC, Ernandes RDC, Rodrigues D, Ayama S, Canonica AC, Luna NMS, Santos SDS, Mochizuki L, Peterson M, Garcez-Leme LE, Greve JMD. The effects of motor adaptation on ankle isokinetic assessments in older drivers. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e303. [PMID: 30066728 PMCID: PMC6055022 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to analyze the extent of motor adaptation in ankle plantar flexors and dorsiflexors among older drivers during clinical isokinetic testing. METHODS One hundred older adults (70.4±5.7 years) participated in two bilateral ankle plantar flexor and dorsiflexor isokinetic assessments at 30°/sec. Peak torque (PTQ), PTQ adjusted for body weight (PTQ/BW), and total work (TW) were analyzed. RESULTS On the dominant side, PTQ/BW and TW were significantly greater for the second plantar flexion test than were those for the first such test (p<0.001), whereas PTQ, PTQ/BW, and TW (p<0.001) were significantly greater for the second dorsiflexion test than were those for the first such test. On the non-dominant side, plantar flexion PTQ and TW were significantly lower for the second test than were those for the first test (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Older drivers demonstrated better performance with the dominant limb on the second test. The low variability in test execution showed the existence of a motor adaptation effect for the tested movements, despite the short recovery period between the assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Castilho Alonso
- Laboratorio de Estudos do Movimento, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Departamento de Ciěncias do Envelhecimento da Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Guilherme Carlos Brech
- Laboratorio de Estudos do Movimento, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Departamento de Ciěncias do Envelhecimento da Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Rita de Cássia Ernandes
- Departamento de Ciěncias do Envelhecimento da Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Douglas Rodrigues
- Laboratorio de Estudos do Movimento, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Sérgio Ayama
- Laboratorio de Estudos do Movimento, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Alexandra Carolina Canonica
- Laboratorio de Estudos do Movimento, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Natália Mariana Silva Luna
- Laboratorio de Estudos do Movimento, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- Departamento de Ciěncias do Envelhecimento da Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Sileno da Silva Santos
- Laboratorio de Estudos do Movimento, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Luis Mochizuki
- Escola de Artes, Ciěncias e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Mark Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan-Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Luiz Eugênio Garcez-Leme
- Grupo de Ortogeriatria, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Júlia Maria D’Andréa Greve
- Laboratorio de Estudos do Movimento, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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Objectively measured early physical activity after total hip or knee arthroplasty. J Clin Monit Comput 2018; 33:509-522. [PMID: 30039461 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-018-0185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although reduced early physical function after total hip- and knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA) is well-described, the underlying reasons have not been clarified with detailed studies on pathophysiological mechanisms related to recovery, thereby prohibiting advances in rehabilitation. Thus, we aimed to describe early post-THA/TKA physical activity measured by actigraphy and potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms related to recovery in a well-defined cohort of THA and TKA patients. Daytime-activity was measured from 2 days before until 13 (THA) or 20 (TKA) days after surgery. The primary outcome was individualized recovery in activity, with secondary analyses of activity-intensities and association to the perioperative factors: sex, age, BMI, hemoglobin (hgb), C-reactive protein and postoperative pain. Eighty-one THA/TKA-patients were examined. A large inter-individual variation in early physical activity was found. On a group level, activity was significantly reduced compared to preoperatively the first 2 (THA) or 3 (TKA) weeks after surgery (mean-difference - 64 counts × 103/day, p < 0.001 and - 78 counts × 103/day, p < 0.001, respectively). All activity-intensities were affected with the largest decline in high intense activity. A slight overall improvement in activity was seen during the postoperative phase [THA: 1%/day (SD 2.15); TKA: 0.7%/day (SD 1.04)], but approximately 30% of THA and 20% of TKA patients had reduced and declining activity. Hgb, CRP, BMI (THA) and postoperative pain (TKA) were only weakly associated with impaired physical activity. Physical activity was reduced the first weeks following THA/TKA, but with large inter-individual variations in recovery profiles. No single pathogenic factor was associated with a poor recovery. Early risk stratified interventions are needed in patients on a suboptimal course.
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