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Marinkovic M, Dai Q, Gonzalez AO, Tran ON, Block TJ, Harris SE, Salmon AB, Yeh CK, Dean DD, Chen XD. Matrix-bound Cyr61/CCN1 is required to retain the properties of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell niche but is depleted with aging. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:108-132. [PMID: 35752272 PMCID: PMC10069241 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that extracellular matrices (ECMs), produced ex vivo by various types of stromal cells, direct bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in a tissue-specific manner and recapitulate physiologic changes characteristic of the aging microenvironment. In particular, BM-MSCs obtained from elderly donors and cultured on ECM produced by young BM stromal cells showed improved quantity, quality and osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, we searched for matrix components that are required for a functional BM-MSC niche by comparing ECMs produced by BM stromal cells from "young" (≤25 y/o) versus "elderly" (≥60 y/o) donors. With increasing donor age, ECM fibrillar organization and mechanical integrity deteriorated, along with the ability to promote BM-MSC proliferation and responsiveness to growth factors. Proteomic analyses revealed that the matricellular protein, Cyr61/CCN1, was present in young, but undetectable in elderly, BM-ECM. To assess the role of Cyr61 in the BM-MSC niche, we used genetic methods to down-regulate the incorporation of Cyr61 during production of young ECM and up-regulate its incorporation in elderly ECM. The results showed that Cyr61-depleted young ECM lost the ability to promote BM-MSC proliferation and growth factor responsiveness. However, up-regulating the incorporation of Cyr61 during synthesis of elderly ECM restored its ability to support BM-MSC responsiveness to osteogenic factors such as BMP-2 and IGF-1. We next examined aging bone and compared bone mineral density and Cyr61 content of L4-L5 vertebral bodies in "young" (9-11 m/o) and "elderly" (21-33 m/o) mice. Our analyses showed that low bone mineral density was associated with decreased amounts of Cyr61 in osseous tissue of elderly versus young mice. Our results strongly demonstrate a novel role for ECM-bound Cyr61 in the BM-MSC niche, where it is responsible for retention of BM-MSC proliferation and growth factor responsiveness, while depletion of Cyr61 from the BM niche contributes to an aging-related dysregulation of BM-MSCs. Our results also suggest new potential therapeutic targets for treating age-related bone loss by restoring specific ECM components to the stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States; Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229(,) United States
| | - Qiuxia Dai
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Aaron O Gonzalez
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Olivia N Tran
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Travis J Block
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Stephen E Harris
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies at The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - David D Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States; Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie Murphy VA Medical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229(,) United States.
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Dalle Carbonare L, Bertacco J, Gaglio SC, Minoia A, Cominacini M, Cheri S, Deiana M, Marchetto G, Bisognin A, Gandini A, Antoniazzi F, Perduca M, Mottes M, Valenti MT. Fisetin: An Integrated Approach to Identify a Strategy Promoting Osteogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:890693. [PMID: 35652047 PMCID: PMC9149166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids may modulate the bone formation process. Among flavonoids, fisetin is known to counteract tumor growth, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, fisetin prevents inflammation-induced bone loss. In order to evaluate its favorable use in osteogenesis, we assayed fisetin supplementation in both in vitro and in vivo models and gathered information on nanoparticle-mediated delivery of fisetin in vitro and in a microfluidic system. Real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and nanoparticle synthesis were performed to evaluate the effects of fisetin in vitro, in the zebrafish model, and in ex vivo samples. Our results demonstrated that fisetin at 2.5 µM concentration promotes bone formation in vitro and mineralization in the zebrafish model. In addition, we found that fisetin stimulates osteoblast maturation in cell cultures obtained from cleidocranial dysplasia patients. Remarkably, PLGA nanoparticles increased fisetin stability and, consequently, its stimulating effects on RUNX2 and its downstream gene SP7 expression. Therefore, our findings demonstrated the positive effects of fisetin on osteogenesis and suggest that patients affected by skeletal diseases, both of genetic and metabolic origins, may actually benefit from fisetin supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Bertacco
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Minoia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Samuele Cheri
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Deiana
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Anna Bisognin
- Biocrystallography Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Gandini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Franco Antoniazzi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Biocrystallography Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Monica Mottes
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Rauner M, Foessl I, Formosa MM, Kague E, Prijatelj V, Lopez NA, Banerjee B, Bergen D, Busse B, Calado Â, Douni E, Gabet Y, Giralt NG, Grinberg D, Lovsin NM, Solan XN, Ostanek B, Pavlos NJ, Rivadeneira F, Soldatovic I, van de Peppel J, van der Eerden B, van Hul W, Balcells S, Marc J, Reppe S, Søe K, Karasik D. Perspective of the GEMSTONE Consortium on Current and Future Approaches to Functional Validation for Skeletal Genetic Disease Using Cellular, Molecular and Animal-Modeling Techniques. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:731217. [PMID: 34938269 PMCID: PMC8686830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.731217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of large human datasets for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the advancement of sequencing technologies have boosted the identification of genetic variants in complex and rare diseases in the skeletal field. Yet, interpreting results from human association studies remains a challenge. To bridge the gap between genetic association and causality, a systematic functional investigation is necessary. Multiple unknowns exist for putative causal genes, including cellular localization of the molecular function. Intermediate traits ("endophenotypes"), e.g. molecular quantitative trait loci (molQTLs), are needed to identify mechanisms of underlying associations. Furthermore, index variants often reside in non-coding regions of the genome, therefore challenging for interpretation. Knowledge of non-coding variance (e.g. ncRNAs), repetitive sequences, and regulatory interactions between enhancers and their target genes is central for understanding causal genes in skeletal conditions. Animal models with deep skeletal phenotyping and cell culture models have already facilitated fine mapping of some association signals, elucidated gene mechanisms, and revealed disease-relevant biology. However, to accelerate research towards bridging the current gap between association and causality in skeletal diseases, alternative in vivo platforms need to be used and developed in parallel with the current -omics and traditional in vivo resources. Therefore, we argue that as a field we need to establish resource-sharing standards to collectively address complex research questions. These standards will promote data integration from various -omics technologies and functional dissection of human complex traits. In this mission statement, we review the current available resources and as a group propose a consensus to facilitate resource sharing using existing and future resources. Such coordination efforts will maximize the acquisition of knowledge from different approaches and thus reduce redundancy and duplication of resources. These measures will help to understand the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and other skeletal diseases towards defining new and more efficient therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Foessl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Endocrine Lab Platform, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melissa M. Formosa
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Vid Prijatelj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- The Generation R Study, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nerea Alonso Lopez
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, CGEM, Institute of Genetics and Cancer (IGC), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bodhisattwa Banerjee
- Musculoskeletal Genetics Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Dylan Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ângelo Calado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eleni Douni
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute for Bioinnovation, B.S.R.C. “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece
| | - Yankel Gabet
- Department of Anatomy & Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Natalia García Giralt
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nika M. Lovsin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xavier Nogues Solan
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Ostanek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nathan J. Pavlos
- Bone Biology & Disease Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | | | - Ivan Soldatovic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bram van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hul
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sjur Reppe
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kent Søe
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Marcus Research Institute, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States
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Wakolbinger R, Muschitz C, Wallwitz J, Bodlaj G, Feichtinger X, Schanda JE, Resch H, Baierl A, Pietschmann P. Serum levels of sclerostin reflect altered bone microarchitecture in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 132:19-26. [PMID: 31912287 PMCID: PMC6978289 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-01595-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients with hepatic cirrhosis are at increased risk of bone loss. Recent work on areal bone mineral density has reported contradictory findings. As the assessment of bone microarchitecture is complex, a search was made for correlations with new serum markers of bone turnover. Current data on serum sclerostin levels in patients with increased fracture risk are divergent and to date only one study has examined patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate serum sclerostin levels and to test for correlations with microarchitecture. Methods This study was performed in 32 patients with recently diagnosed hepatic cirrhosis and 32 controls. The parameters of bone microarchitecture were assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Sclerostin was detected via a new ELISA that detects the active receptor interaction site at loop 2 of the sclerostin core region. Results Sclerostin levels were slightly, but not significantly lower in the patient group, compared to controls. In contrast, patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis had significantly lower levels than the controls. A significant correlation with areal bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular microarchitecture was observed in the patient group. However, there was hardly any correlation between sclerostin and bone microarchitecture in the controls. Conclusion In hepatic cirrhosis, sclerostin is related to altered bone microarchitecture and lower areal BMD. In alcoholic liver disease, low sclerostin concentrations were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wakolbinger
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Danube Hospital - Social Medical Center East, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Langobardenstraße 122, 1220, Vienna, Austria
- Medical Department II - The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Muschitz
- Medical Department II - The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jacqueline Wallwitz
- The Antibody Lab, Divischgasse 4, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr.-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Gerd Bodlaj
- Medical Department II - The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xaver Feichtinger
- Medical Department II - The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, Kundratstraße 37, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob E Schanda
- Medical Department II - The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, Kundratstraße 37, 1120, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinrich Resch
- Medical Department II - The VINFORCE Study Group, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Ren Q, Wu Y, Ma J, Shan Q, Liu S, Liu Y. Carbon black-induced detrimental effect on osteoblasts at low concentrations: Remarkably compromised differentiation without significant cytotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:211-220. [PMID: 31009927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to similar aerodynamic and micro-nano sized properties between airborne particles and synthetic nanoparticles, a large number of studies have been conducted using carbon-based particles, such as carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes and graphite, in order to achieve deeper understandings of their adverse effects on human health. It has been reported that particulate matters can aggravate morbidity of patients suffering from bone and joint diseases, e.g. arthritis. However, the molecular mechanism is still elusive thus far. Under this context, we employed two cell lines of osteoblasts, MC3T3-E1 and MG-63, upon exposure to 4 different CB samples with differential physicochemical properties in research of mechanistic insights. Our results indicated that the carbon/oxygen ratio differed in these 4 CB materials showing the order: SB4A < Printex U < C1864 < C824455. In stark contrast, their cytotoxicity and capacity to trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MC3T3-E1 and MG-63 cells closely correlated to oxygen content, revealing the reverse order: SB4A < Printex U < C1864 < C824455. It would be reasonable to speculate that ROS production was a predominant cause of CB cytotoxicity, which strongly relied on the oxygen content of CB. Our study further manifested that all CB samples even at low concentrations significantly inhibited osteoblast differentiation, as reflected by remarkably reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and compromised expression of the differentiation-related genes. And the inhibition on osteoblast differentiation also closely correlated to oxygen content of CB samples. Taken together, our combined data recognized oxygen-associated toxicity towards osteoblasts for CBs. More importantly, we uncovered a new adverse effect of CB exposure: suppression on osteoblast differentiation, which has been overlooked in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanzhong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yakun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Juan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Qiuli Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100035, PR China.
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G F Tresguerres F, Cortes ARG, Hernandez Vallejo G, Cabrejos-Azama J, Tamimi F, Torres J. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of allogeneic block grafts for maxillary lateral ridge augmentation: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21:1087-1098. [PMID: 31419002 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A main drawback of bone block graft surgery is the resorption occurring in early stages of healing. To our knowledge, there are no studies comparing outcomes of freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) blocks with different architecture. PURPOSE The aim of this work was to investigate different factors that can affect graft resorption and to compare the resorption rates of two different types of allogeneic blocks, corticocancellous and cancellous. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized clinical trial was designed. Twenty-eight patients referred for onlay bone augmentation prior to implant placement were included in the study. Preoperative computerized tomography (CT) was taken for all patients. Patients received FDBA blocks of either cancellous or corticocancellous bone obtained from the iliac crest. After a 4-month follow-up, postoperative CT was taken. Then, another surgery was performed, with the purpose to place dental implants. The aforementioned groups were compared for bone resorption and implant outcome using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and repeated ANOVA measures, respectively. Demographic data, trabecular bone density, and graft sites were also analyzed. RESULTS A total of 93 implants were placed in the augmented bone sites over 28 patients. A 100% survival rate was achieved during a mean follow-up period of 24 months in both groups. Higher bone resorption rate was found with cancellous bone grafts (29.2% ± 2.6) compared with corticocancellous grafts (19.3% ± 2.3). Moreover, higher resorption rates in patients with lower bone density (<185 Hounsfield Units) (31.7% ± 3.1) and smokers (26.39% ± 2.3) were observed when compared with patients with higher bone density (>185 Hounsfield Units) (16.8% ± 2.1) and nonsmokers (22.1% ± 2.3), respectively. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, these findings indicate that both corticocancellous and cancellous FDBA grafts constitute a clinical acceptable alternative for bone reconstruction, although cancellous grafts present higher resorption rates. Moreover, host factors such as patient's low bone density and smoking habits may also increase graft resorption rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G F Tresguerres
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arthur R G Cortes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Hernandez Vallejo
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jatsue Cabrejos-Azama
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | - Jesusis Torres
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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Calciolari E, Donos N. The use of omics profiling to improve outcomes of bone regeneration and osseointegration. How far are we from personalized medicine in dentistry? J Proteomics 2018; 188:85-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Iacobini C, Fantauzzi CB, Pugliese G, Menini S. Role of Galectin-3 in Bone Cell Differentiation, Bone Pathophysiology and Vascular Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112481. [PMID: 29160796 PMCID: PMC5713447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is expressed in various tissues, including the bone, where it is considered a marker of chondrogenic and osteogenic cell lineages. Galectin-3 protein was found to be increased in the differentiated chondrocytes of the metaphyseal plate cartilage, where it favors chondrocyte survival and cartilage matrix mineralization. It was also shown to be highly expressed in differentiating osteoblasts and osteoclasts, in concomitance with expression of osteogenic markers and Runt-related transcription factor 2 and with the appearance of a mature phenotype. Galectin-3 is expressed also by osteocytes, though its function in these cells has not been fully elucidated. The effects of galectin-3 on bone cells were also investigated in galectin-3 null mice, further supporting its role in all stages of bone biology, from development to remodeling. Galectin-3 was also shown to act as a receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, which have been implicated in age-dependent and diabetes-associated bone fragility. Moreover, its regulatory role in inflammatory bone and joint disorders entitles galectin-3 as a possible therapeutic target. Finally, galectin-3 capacity to commit mesenchymal stem cells to the osteoblastic lineage and to favor transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells into an osteoblast-like phenotype open a new area of interest in bone and vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Reppe S, Datta HK, Gautvik KM. Omics analysis of human bone to identify genes and molecular networks regulating skeletal remodeling in health and disease. Bone 2017; 101:88-95. [PMID: 28450214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is a metabolically active organ throughout life where specific bone cell activity and paracrine/endocrine factors regulate its morphogenesis and remodeling. In recent years, an increasing number of reports have used multi-omics technologies to characterize subsets of bone biological molecular networks. The skeleton is affected by primary and secondary disease, lifestyle and many drugs. Therefore, to obtain relevant and reliable data from well characterized patient and control cohorts are vital. Here we provide a brief overview of omics studies performed on human bone, of which our own studies performed on trans-iliacal bone biopsies from postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP) and healthy controls are among the first and largest. Most other studies have been performed on smaller groups of patients, undergoing hip replacement for osteoarthritis (OA) or fracture, and without healthy controls. The major findings emerging from the combined studies are: 1. Unstressed and stressed bone show profoundly different gene expression reflecting differences in bone turnover and remodeling and 2. Omics analyses comparing healthy/OP and control/OA cohorts reveal characteristic changes in transcriptomics, epigenomics (DNA methylation), proteomics and metabolomics. These studies, together with genome-wide association studies, in vitro observations and transgenic animal models have identified a number of genes and gene products that act via Wnt and other signaling systems and are highly associated to bone density and fracture. Future challenge is to understand the functional interactions between bone-related molecular networks and their significance in OP and OA pathogenesis, and also how the genomic architecture is affected in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjur Reppe
- Oslo University Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo, Norway; Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Harish K Datta
- Pathology Department, Biochemistry Section, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kaare M Gautvik
- Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Oslo, Norway; University of Oslo, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Park YE, Musson DS, Naot D, Cornish J. Cell–cell communication in bone development and whole-body homeostasis and pharmacological avenues for bone disorders. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 34:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mathavan N, Tägil M, Isaksson H. Do osteoporotic fractures constitute a greater recalcitrant challenge for skeletal regeneration? Investigating the efficacy of BMP-7 and zoledronate treatment of diaphyseal fractures in an open fracture osteoporotic rat model. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:697-707. [PMID: 27822590 PMCID: PMC5269464 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Osteoporotic fractures may pose a challenge for skeletal regeneration. This study investigates if pharmaceutical interventions such as bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) alone or in combination with Zoledronate have equivalent efficacy in osteoporotic bone? Our findings suggest they do and that an osteoporotic bone environment may increase sensitivity to BMP-7. INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is thought to contribute to delayed or impaired bone healing. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) alone or synergistically combined with zoledronate (ZA) has proven effective in augmenting the regenerative response in healthy young male rats. Yet their comparative efficacy in an osteoporotic bone environment is unknown. Our study aimed to answer the following questions using the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis: Do osteoporotic fractures pose a greater challenge for skeletal regeneration? Are interventions with BMP-7-alone or combined with ZA of equivalent efficacy in osteoporotic bone? METHODS Sham operations (n = 33) or ovariectomies (n = 34) were performed in 12-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. Mid-diaphyseal open femoral osteotomies were created at 24 weeks of age and the rats allocated to either (i) untreated, (ii) BMP-7-only or (iii) BMP-7 + ZA treatment groups. At 6 weeks post-osteotomy, fracture healing was evaluated by radiography, μCT and 3-point bending mechanical tests. RESULTS Cumulatively, radiological, micro-structural and mechanical measures were equivalent in both healthy and osteoporotic environments. A reduced response to BMP-7-alone was observed in healthy rats that may be age/gender- or protocol/fracture-model dependent. Conversely, the BMP-7-only treated OVX group attained 100 % union in addition to significantly increased measures of mineralized bone volume, total callus volume, peak force and absorbed energy relative to untreated OVX fractures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings refute the hypothesis that osteoporotic fractures constitute a greater recalcitrant challenge for skeletal regeneration. Furthermore, our results suggest that an oestrogen-deficient environment may in fact cause an increased sensitivity to BMP-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mathavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - M Tägil
- Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - H Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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12
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Vesicular Galectin-3 levels decrease with donor age and contribute to the reduced osteo-inductive potential of human plasma derived extracellular vesicles. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 8:16-33. [PMID: 26752347 PMCID: PMC4761711 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging results in a decline of physiological functions and in reduced repair capacities, in part due to impaired regenerative power of stem cells, influenced by the systemic environment. In particular osteogenic differentiation capacity (ODC) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to decrease with age, thereby contributing to reduced bone formation and an increased fracture risk. Searching for systemic factors that might contribute to this age related decline of regenerative capacity led us to investigate plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs of the elderly were found to inhibit osteogenesis compared to those of young individuals. By analyzing the differences in the vesicular content Galectin-3 was shown to be reduced in elderly-derived vesicles. While overexpression of Galectin-3 resulted in an enhanced ODC of MSCs, siRNA against Galectin-3 reduced osteogenesis. Modulation of intravesicular Galectin-3 levels correlated with an altered osteo-inductive potential indicating that vesicular Galectin-3 contributes to the biological response of MSCs to EVs. By site-directed mutagenesis we identified a phosphorylation-site on Galectin-3 mediating this effect. Finally, we showed that cell penetrating peptides comprising this phosphorylation-site are sufficient to increase ODC in MSCs. Therefore, we suggest that decrease of Galectin-3 in the plasma of elderly contributes to the age-related loss of ODC.
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Lee SH, Yun JM, Kim SH, Seo YG, Min H, Chung E, Bae YS, Ryou IS, Cho B. Association between bone mineral density and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:1329-1336. [PMID: 27561910 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with various metabolic abnormalities that can increase the risk of an osteoporotic fracture. Across the few previous studies of the association between NAFLD and bone mineral density (BMD), the association was not consistent. We examined the association between BMD and NAFLD in generally healthy adults. METHODS The subjects who visited the Seoul National University Hospital for health checkup between 2005 and 2015 were included. Men aged more than 40 and postmenopausal women were included. Lumbar spine and femoral neck (FN) BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Liver ultrasonography was conducted to evaluate the extent of fatty changes. After excluding subjects with a secondary cause of liver disease such as heavy drinking or viral hepatitis, multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for possible cofactors was performed to investigate the association between BMD and NAFLD. RESULTS A total of 6634 subjects was included in this study (men:women = 3306:3328). Multivariate regression analysis revealed a significant negative association between FN BMD and NAFLD in men (β = -0.013, p = 0.029). However, there was a positive correlation between lumbar spine BMD and NAFLD in postmenopausal women (β = 0.022, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Moderate or severe NAFLD exerted a detrimental effect on FN BMD in men. However, moderate or severe NAFLD had a positive effect on lumbar spine BMD in postmenopausal women. Potential sex-specific differences of the effect of NAFLD on BMD need to be elucidated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Health Promotion Center for Cancer survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Yun
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Health Promotion Center for Cancer survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Health Promotion Center for Cancer survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Y G Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Health Promotion Center for Cancer survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - H Min
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Health Promotion Center for Cancer survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - E Chung
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Health Promotion Center for Cancer survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Bae
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Health Promotion Center for Cancer survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - I S Ryou
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Health Promotion Center for Cancer survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - B Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Promotion and Optimal Aging, Health Promotion Center for Cancer survivor, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, 145 Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 443-270, Republic of Korea.
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 71 Ihwajang-Gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-810, Republic of Korea.
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Xia MF, Lin HD, Yan HM, Bian H, Chang XX, Zhang LS, He WY, Gao X. The association of liver fat content and serum alanine aminotransferase with bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men and postmenopausal women. J Transl Med 2016; 14:11. [PMID: 26791408 PMCID: PMC4721203 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have linked non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to a reduced bone mineral density (BMD). We aimed to detect the quantitative association of liver fat content (LFC) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with BMD in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Methods The lumbar spine, hip and whole body BMDs were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Lunar iDXA, GE Healthcare) in 1659 Chinese (755 men and 1028 postmenopausal women) from Shanghai Changfeng community. Liver fat content was quantified via an ultrasound quantitative method. Multivariate linear regression analyses were carried out to determine the independent association of LFC and serum ALT with BMD and bone metabolic biomarkers. We also attempted to investigate the synergistic association between LFC and ALT as risk factors for bone mineral loss in Chinese. Results Subjects with higher LFC had significantly lower BMD at all skeletal sites. Univariate correlation analysis showed that both LFC and ALT were inversely associated with BMD at the spine (r = −0.116, P < 0.001 and r = −0.102, P = 0.005), hip (r = −0.095, P = 0.014 and r = −0.075, P = 0.041) and whole body sites (r = −0.134, P < 0.001 and r = −0.164, P < 0.001) in men. After confounders were controlled for, LFC and ALT remained associated with BMD and bone formation biomarkers in men, but not postmenopausal women. When both NAFLD and elevation of ALT were present, there was a significant synergistic worsening of the BMDs at all bone sites. Conclusions Liver fat content and serum ALT were inversely correlated with BMD in middle-aged and elderly men. The underlying mechanism might relate to a reduction in osteoblast activity. Elevation of the hepatotoxic biomarker ALT may indicate high risk for osteoporosis in patients with NAFLD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0766-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huan-Dong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin-Xia Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin-Shan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wan-Yuan He
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Institute of Chronic Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Molecular mechanisms of osteoporotic hip fractures in elderly women. Exp Gerontol 2015; 73:49-58. [PMID: 26608808 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A common manifestation of age-related bone loss and resultant osteoporosis are fractures of the hip. Age-related osteoporosis is thought to be determined by a number of intrinsic factors including genetics, hormonal changes, changes in levels of oxidative stress, or an inflammatory status associated with the aging process. The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression and bone architecture in bone samples derived from elderly osteoporotic women with hip fractures (OP) in comparison to bone samples from age matched women with osteoarthritis of the hip (OA). Femoral heads and adjacent neck tissue were collected from 10 women with low-trauma hip fractures (mean age 83±6) and consecutive surgical hip replacement. Ten bone samples from patients undergoing hip replacement due to osteoarthritis (mean age 80±5) served as controls. One half of each bone sample was subjected to gene expression analysis. The second half of each bone sample was analyzed by microcomputed tomography. From each half, samples from four different regions, the central and subcortical region of the femoral head and neck, were analyzed. We could show a significantly decreased expression of the osteoblast related genes RUNX2, Osterix, Sclerostin, WNT10B, and Osteocalcin, a significantly increased ratio of RANKL to Osteoprotegerin, and a significantly increased expression of the enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase GPX3, and of the inflammatory cytokine IL6 in bone samples from hip fracture patients compared to controls. Major microstructural changes in OP bone were seen in the neck and were characterized by a significant decrease of bone volume, trabecular number, and connectivity density and a significant increase of trabecular separation. In conclusion, our data give evidence for a decreased expression of osteoblast related genes and increased expression of osteoclast related genes. Furthermore, increased expression of SOD2 and GPX3 suggest increased antioxidative activity in bone samples from elderly osteoporotic women with hip fractures.
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Muschitz C, Kocijan R, Pahr D, Patsch JM, Amrein K, Misof BM, Kaider A, Resch H, Pietschmann P. Ibandronate increases sclerostin levels and bone strength in male patients with idiopathic osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:477-89. [PMID: 25911186 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The pathomechanism of male idiopathic osteoporosis (MIO) differs from postmenopausal osteoporosis with regard to alterations in osteoblast activity. We evaluated intravenous ibandronate (IBN) in 25 MIO patients with fragility fractures in a prospective, monocentric, single-arm, and open-label study for 24 months. The impact and changes of sclerostin (Scl), Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), CTX, and PINP were examined. Additionally, volumetric cortical, trabecular and areal bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS), and finite element analyses (FEA) were evaluated. Compared to baseline, median Scl levels were increased after 1 month (Δ 121%, p < 0.0001) and remained elevated for 12 months. DKK-1 decreased (p < 0.001) to a lesser extent until month 9 with values comparable to baseline at study endpoint. Early changes (baseline-month 1) of Scl negatively correlated with early changes of DKK-1 (-0.72), CTX (-0.82), and PINP (-0.55; p < 0.005 for all). The overall changes over the 24 months study period of Scl negatively correlated with decreased CTX (-0.32) and DKK-1 levels (-0.57, p < 0.0001 for both); CTX and PINP changes positively correlated at each time point (p < 0.001). Volumetric hip BMD increased by 12 and 18%, respectively (p < 0.0001 for both). Cross-sectional moment of inertia and section modulus for total hip significantly improved (p < 0.05 for all). Areal BMD at total hip, spine, and TBS increased. FEA displayed an increase in bone strength both in the hip (17%) and vertebrae (13%, all p < 0.0001) at anatomical sites susceptible for fragility fracture. IBN increases Scl and improves cortical and trabecular bone strength with early and ongoing vigorous suppression of bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Muschitz
- Medical Department II, St. Vincent Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Vienna, Stumpergasse 13, 1060, Vienna, Austria,
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