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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Durjava M, Dusemund B, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Dierick N, Martelli G, Schlatter J, Westendorf J, Casanova JO, Plaza DP, Manini P. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. extract and leaves (Sangrovit® Extra) for suckling and weaned piglets and other growing Suidae (Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH). EFSA J 2024; 22:e8793. [PMID: 38774115 PMCID: PMC11106680 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. extract and leaves (Sangrovit® Extra) as a zootechnical feed additive for suckling and weaned piglets and other growing Suidae. The additive is standardised to contain a concentration of the sum of the four alkaloids sanguinarine, chelerythrine, protopine and allocryptopine of 1.25%, with 0.5% sanguinarine. Owing to the presence of the DNA intercalators sanguinarine and chelerythrine, a concern for genotoxicity was identified. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) had no safety concerns for the target species when the additive is used at the recommended level of 0.750 mg sanguinarine/kg complete feed for suckling and weaned piglets and other growing Suidae. Since in all consumer categories the exposure to sanguinarine and chelerythrine via the use of Sangrovit® Extra exceeds the threshold of toxicological concern of 0.0025 μg/kg bw per day for DNA reactive mutagens and/or carcinogens, the FEEDAP Panel could not conclude on the safety for the consumers. The additive was shown to be irritant to the eyes but not irritant to skin or a skin sensitiser. The FEEDAP Panel could not exclude the potential of the additive to be a respiratory sensitiser. When handling the additive, exposure of unprotected users to sanguinarine and chelerythrine may occur. Therefore, to reduce the risk, the exposure of users should be reduced. The use of Sangrovit® Extra as a feed additive under the proposed conditions of use was considered safe for the environment. The additive Sangrovit® Extra had the potential to be efficacious in improving performance of weaned piglets at 0.600 mg sanguinarine/kg complete feed. This conclusion was extended to suckling piglets and extrapolated to other growing Suidae.
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Lei W, Zhu H, Cao M, Zhang F, Lai Q, Lu S, Dong W, Sun J, Ru D. From genomics to metabolomics: Deciphering sanguinarine biosynthesis in Dicranostigma leptopodum. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128727. [PMID: 38092109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim) Fedde (DLF) is a renowned medicinal plant in China, known to be rich in alkaloids. However, the unavailability of a reference genome has impeded investigation into its plant metabolism and genetic breeding potential. Here we present a high-quality chromosomal-level genome assembly for DLF, derived using a combination of Nanopore long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing and Hi-C technologies. Our assembly genome spans a size of 621.81 Mb with an impressive contig N50 of 93.04 Mb. We show that the species-specific whole-genome duplication (WGD) of DLF and Papaver somniferum corresponded to two rounds of WGDs of Papaver setigerum. Furthermore, we integrated comprehensive homology searching, gene family analyses and construction of a gene-to-metabolite network. These efforts led to the discovery of co-expressed transcription factors, including NAC and bZIP, alongside sanguinarine (SAN) pathway genes CYP719 (CFS and SPS). Notably, we identified P6H as a promising gene for enhancing SAN production. By providing the first reference genome for Dicranostigma, our study confirms the genomic underpinning of SAN biosynthesis and establishes a foundation for advancing functional genomic research on Papaveraceae species. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of high-quality genome assemblies in elucidating genetic variations underlying the evolutionary origin of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Man Cao
- Gansu Pharmacovigilance Center, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qing Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shengming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenpan Dong
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiahui Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Dafu Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Liu M, Liu Z, Dong Z, Zou X, Zeng J, Yang Z. Identification of Sanguinarine Metabolites in Rats Using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2023; 28:7641. [PMID: 38005364 PMCID: PMC10674372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine (SAN), as the main active component of a traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, has been widely used in the animal husbandry and breeding industry. However, the metabolites of SA are still uncertain. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the metabolites of SA based on rats in vivo. The blood, feces, and urine of rats were collected after the oral administration of 40 mg/kg SAN. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed to identify the metabolites of SAN. The elemental composition of sanguinarine metabolites was inferred by analyzing their exact molecular weight, and the structures of the metabolites were predicted based on their fragment ions and cleavage pathways. A total of 12 metabolites were identified, including three metabolites in the plasma, four in the urine, and nine in the feces. According to the possible metabolic pathways deduced in this study, SAN was mainly metabolized through reduction, oxidation, demethylation, hydroxylation, and glucuronidation. This present research has summarized the metabolism of SAN in rats, which is helpful for further studying the metabolic mechanism of SAN in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (M.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (M.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhuang Dong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (M.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xianglin Zou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (M.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (M.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zihui Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (M.L.); (Z.L.); (Z.D.); (X.Z.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Liang J, Li X, Bi C, Yu Y, Liu W, Zhang X, Cao W. Sanguinarine, similar to the MICs of spectinomycin, exhibits good anti-Neisseria gonorrhoeae activity in vitro. J Infect Chemother 2023:S1341-321X(23)00136-8. [PMID: 37295648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is an urgent need to explore new and effective drugs. The antibacterial activities of spectinomycin and sanguinarine against 117 clinical NG isolates and time-kill curve of sanguinarine were evaluated. Almost all isolates were resistant to penicillin (91.5%) and ciprofloxacin (96.5%), 8.5% showed resistance to azithromycin, 10.3% and 10.3% had decreased susceptibility/resistance to ceftriaxone and cefixime, respectively, whereas 100% were susceptible to spectinomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges, MIC50, MIC90 and MICmean values of sanguinarine were 2-64 μg/ml, 16 μg/ml, 32 μg/ml and 16.9 μg/ml, respectively, and time-kill curve showed killing of bacteria in a dose-dependent manner during the assay time of 6h, very similar to spectinomycin. Sanguinarine has great potential as an effective and novel anti-NG agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Liang
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Chao Bi
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Yihui Yu
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Wenyan Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China
| | - Xibao Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China.
| | - Wenling Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, 510095, PR China.
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Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos MDL, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Durjava M, Kouba M, López‐Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B, Pechová A, Petkova M, Ramos F, Sanz Y, Villa RE, Woutersen R, Brantom P, Chesson A, Westendorf J, Manini P, Casanova JO, Dusemund B. Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. extract and leaves (Sangrovit® extra) for all poultry species (excluding laying and breeding birds) (Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH). EFSA J 2023; 21:e08052. [PMID: 37304353 PMCID: PMC10251260 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. extract and leaves (Sangrovit® Extra) when used as a zootechnical feed additive (functional group: other zootechnical additives) for all poultry species (excluding laying and breeding birds). The additive is standardised to contain a concentration of the sum of the four alkaloids sanguinarine, chelerythrine, protopine and allocryptopine of 1.25%, with 0.5% sanguinarine. Owing to the presence of the DNA intercalators sanguinarine and chelerythrine, a concern for genotoxicity was identified. The EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) had no safety concerns when the additive is used at the recommended level of 150 mg/kg complete feed (corresponding to 0.750 mg sanguinarine/kg complete feed) for chickens for fattening and other poultry species for fattening. No conclusion can be drawn for poultry reared for laying/breeding. The use of Sangrovit® Extra in poultry species for fattening at the maximum recommended level was considered of low concern for consumers. The additive was shown to be irritant to the eyes but not irritant to skin or a skin sensitiser. The FEEDAP Panel could not exclude the potential of the additive to be a respiratory sensitiser. When handling the additive, exposure of unprotected users to sanguinarine and chelerythrine may occur. Therefore, to reduce the risk, the exposure of users should be reduced. The use of Sangrovit® Extra as a feed additive under the proposed conditions of use was considered safe for the environment. The additive Sangrovit® Extra had the potential to be efficacious in improving performance of chickens for fattening at 45 mg/kg complete feed. This conclusion was extended to chickens reared for laying/breeding and extrapolated to all poultry species for fattening or reared for laying/breeding.
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Rundle C, Artuso-Ponte V, Stein H. Effects of Isoquinoline Alkaloids on Apparent Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids, Crude Protein, Starch, and Acid Hydrolyzed Ether Extract and Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Energy and Crude Protein by Growing and Finishing Pigs Fed Corn-soybean Meal Diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Cytotoxic Activity, Apoptosis Induction and Structure–Activity Relationship of 2‐Phenylphthalazin‐2‐ium Salts as Promising Antitumor Agents. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Assessing Performance and Safety of Feeding a Standardized Macleaya cordata Extract to Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202875. [DOI: 10.3390/ani12202875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of Sangrovit®, a Macleaya cordata plant extract (MCE) preparation on feed intake, growth, blood chemistry, and tissue-residue levels of calves. Twenty male and 20 female calves (~5 d of age) were assigned to one of four daily Sangrovit® doses: 0.0 and 0.0 (CTL), 2.0 and 4.0 (D1), 5.0 and 10.0 (D2), and 10.0 and 20.0 (D3) g/calf in pre-weaning (5 to 49 d of age) and post-weaning (50 to 95 d of age) periods, respectively. Sangrovit® doses were fed in milk replacer pre-weaning and top-dressed on calf starter post-weaning. Milk replacer and calf starter intake was recorded daily. Body weight, hematology, and serum chemistry were measured at 5, 49, and 95 d of age. Calves were slaughtered at 95 d of age for MCE tissue residue analysis. Compared to CTL, D1 increased milk-replacer intake (4.90 to 5.09 L/day), but decreased calf starter intake pre- (0.65 to 0.53 kg/d) and post-weaning (3.42 to 3.20 kg/d). No Sangrovit® dose affected average daily gain. The hematology and blood chemistry of all treatment groups fell within the ranges of healthy calves. Results showed no adverse effects of MCE on health and growth performance of calves when fed up to 10.0 g/calf/day pre-weaning and up to 20.0 g/calf/day post-weaning.
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Wang F, Zou P, Xu S, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Li X, Tang L, Wang B, Jin Q, Yu D, Li W. Dietary supplementation of Macleaya cordata extract and Bacillus in combination improve laying performance by regulating reproductive hormones, intestinal microbiota and barrier function of laying hens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:118. [PMID: 36224643 PMCID: PMC9559840 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) and Bacillus could improve the laying performance and health of laying hens better. METHODS A total of 360 29-week-old Jingbai laying hens were randomly divided into 4 treatments: control group (basal diet), MCE group (basal diet + MCE), Probiotics Bacillus Compound (PBC) group (basal diet + compound Bacillus), MCE + PBC group (basal diet + MCE + compound Bacillus). The feeding experiment lasted for 42 d. RESULTS The results showed that the laying rate and the average daily egg mass in the MCE + PBC group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05) and better than the MCE and PBC group. Combination of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the content of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the serum and up-regulated the expression of related hormone receptor gene (estrogen receptor-β, FSHR and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor) in the ovary of laying hens (P < 0.05). In the MCE + PBC group, the mRNA expressions of zonula occluden-1, Occludin and mucin-2 in jejunum was increased and the intestinal epithelial barrier detected by transmission electron microscopy was enhanced compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, combination of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity (P < 0.05), and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inflammation-related genes (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) as well as apoptosis-related genes (Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and P53) (P < 0.05). The concentration of acetic acid and butyric acid in the cecum content of laying hens in the MCE + PBC group was significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, dietary supplementation of 600 μg/kg MCE and 5 × 108 CFU/kg compound Bacillus can improve laying performance by improving microbiota to enhance antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier, regulate reproductive hormones and the concentration of cecal short-chain fatty acids of laying hens, and the combined effect of MCE and Bacillus is better than that of single supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shujie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Yongyou Industry Park, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuanhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Yongyou Industry Park, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Yongyou Industry Park, Sanya, 572000, China.
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Nutrition of Education of Ministry, National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Yongyou Industry Park, Sanya, 572000, China.
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Dong Z, Tang SS, Ma XL, Li CH, Tang ZS, Yang ZH, Zeng JG. Preclinical safety evaluation of Macleaya Cordata extract: A re-assessment of general toxicity and genotoxicity properties in rodents. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980918. [PMID: 36034805 PMCID: PMC9412730 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) is widely used for its diverse pharmacological actions and beneficial effects on farm animals. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities, and is gradually becoming a long-term additive veterinary drug used to improve animal intestinal health and growth performance. Although some evidence points to the DNA mutagenic potential of sanguinarine (SAN), a major component of MCE, there is a lack of sufficient basic toxicological information on the oral route, posing a potential safety risk for human consumption of food of animal origin. In this study, we assessed the acute oral toxicity, repeated 90-day oral toxicity and 180-day chronic toxicity of MCE in rats and mice and re-evaluated the genotoxicity of MCE using a standard combined in vivo and ex vivo assay. In the oral acute toxicity test, the LD50 for MCE in rats and mice was 1,564.55 mg/kg (95% confidence interval 1,386.97–1,764.95 mg/kg) and 1,024.33 mg/kg (95% confidence interval 964.27–1,087.30 mg/kg), respectively. The dose range tested had no significant effect on hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathological findings in rodents in the long-term toxicity assessment. The results of the bacterial reverse mutation, sperm abnormality and micronucleus test showed negative results and lack of mutagenicity and teratogenicity; the results of the rat teratogenicity test showed no significant reproductive or embryotoxicity. The results indicate that MCE was safe in the dose range tested in this preclinical safety assessment. This study provides data to support the further development of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for MCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- Hunan MICOLTA Biological Resources Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Shan Tang
- Hunan MICOLTA Biological Resources Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Hui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-Hui Yang, ; Jian-Guo Zeng,
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-Hui Yang, ; Jian-Guo Zeng,
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Manaa EA, Abdel-Latif MA, Ibraheim SE, Sakr A, Dawood M, Albadrani GM, El-kott AF, Abdel-Daim MM, Shafik BM. Impacts of Macleaya cordata on Productive Performance, Expression of Growth-Related Genes, Hematological, and Biochemical Parameters in Turkey. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:873951. [PMID: 35903127 PMCID: PMC9325542 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.873951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macleaya cordata (M. cordata) is a herbal plant that has abundant amounts of sanguinarine, which has many biomedical properties. The effects of M. cordata dietary supplementation on the productive performance, some blood constituents, and growth-related genes' expression were evaluated in turkey. M. cordata extract was dietary supplemented to turkey at levels of 25, 50, and 100 ppm and a control group. Growth performance measurements (FBW, ADG, and FCR) and production efficiency factor for turkey (BPEF) were similar (p > 0.05) in all supplemented groups. M. cordata has no adverse effects (p > 0.05) on the birds' health regarding hematological (Hb, RBCs, WBCs, and PCV) and blood biochemical indices evaluating liver function, kidney function, and lipid profile. Moreover, the mRNA expression of growth-related genes, such as growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), cyclooxygenase 3 (COX-3), adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP-3) were upregulated (p < 0.001) in M. cordata treatments with the highest value for SG50 compared with the control group. We concluded that exogenous M. cordata dietary supplementation upregulated the expression of growth-related genes in turkey at a level of 50 ppm without adverse effects on their health status regarding hematological and biochemical indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Manaa
- Animal and Poultry Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mervat A. Abdel-Latif
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mervat A. Abdel-Latif
| | - Samya E. Ibraheim
- Rabbit, Turkey and Waterfowl Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelaziz Sakr
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
- Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F. El-kott
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
| | - Basant M. Shafik
- Animal and Poultry Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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12
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Chelerythrine Chloride Inhibits Stemness of Melanoma Cancer Stem-Like Cells (CSCs) Potentially via Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Causing Mitochondria Dysfunction. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4000733. [PMID: 35761835 PMCID: PMC9233603 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that high heterogeneity contributes to poor prognosis and malignancies. The existence of melanoma cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which are a small subpopulation of melanoma cells, is responsible for tumour resistance to therapies. Recently, plant secondary metabolites have attracted attention because they are considered promising compounds that are isolated from herbs that could help to target different subpopulations of tumours. In the present study, we aimed to identify the antitumourigenic activities of the medicinal compound chelerythrine chloride (CHE) on melanoma CSCs. CHE (30-40 μmol/L) induced apoptosis in A375 and A2058 CSCs. A relatively low dose of CHE (1-5 μmol/L) inhibited the stemness of melanoma CSCs without inducing apoptosis. Coculture of CHE with A375 and A2058 cells also inhibited sphere formation and decreased stemness factors, including Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2. In functional characterizations, we observed that CHE treatment increased both cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS, which resulted in a decrease in mitochondrial energy production and sphere formation. Abolishing CHE-induced ROS by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, reversed the inhibitory effects of CHE on sphere formation, suggesting that CHE-induced ROS are the potential cause of the inhibition of sphere formation. In conclusion, CHE may exert its antitumour effect as an antistem cell natural compound, suggesting that selection of the antistem cell effects of natural compounds might be a promising strategy to overcome the poor prognosis of melanoma due to the presence of CSCs.
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Chen N, Qi Y, Ma X, Xiao X, Liu Q, Xia T, Xiang J, Zeng J, Tang J. Rediscovery of Traditional Plant Medicine: An Underestimated Anticancer Drug of Chelerythrine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906301. [PMID: 35721116 PMCID: PMC9198297 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In many studies, the extensive and significant anticancer activity of chelerythrine (CHE) was identified, which is the primary natural active compound in four traditional botanical drugs and can be applied as a promising treatment in various solid tumors. So this review aimed to summarize the anticancer capacities and the antitumor mechanism of CHE. The literature searches revolving around CHE have been carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE databases. Increasing evidence indicates that CHE, as a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, exhibits its excellent anticancer activity as CHE can intervene in tumor progression and inhibit tumor growth in multiple ways, such as induction of cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, prevention of tumor invasion and metastasis, autophagy-mediated cell death, bind selectively to telomeric G-quadruplex and strongly inhibit the telomerase activity through G-quadruplex stabilization, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and PKC. The role of CHE against diverse types of cancers has been investigated in many studies and has been identified as the main antitumor drug candidate in drug discovery programs. The current complex data suggest the potential value in clinical application and the future direction of CHE as a therapeutic drug in cancer. Furthermore, the limitations and the present problems are also highlighted in this review. Despite the unclearly delineated molecular targets of CHE, extensive research in this area provided continuously fresh data exploitable in the clinic while addressing the present requirement for further studies such as toxicological studies, combination medication, and the development of novel chemical methods or biomaterials to extend the effects of CHE or the development of its derivatives and analogs, contributing to the effective transformation of this underestimated anticancer drug into clinical practice. We believe that this review can provide support for the clinical application of a new anticancer drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianzhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulin Qi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juyi Xiang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Hu Z, Hu H, Hu Z, Zhong X, Guan Y, Zhao Y, Wang L, Ye L, Ming L, Riaz Rajoka MS, He Z, Wang Y, Song X. Sanguinarine, Isolated From Macleaya cordata, Exhibits Potent Antifungal Efficacy Against Candida albicans Through Inhibiting Ergosterol Synthesis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:908461. [PMID: 35783394 PMCID: PMC9240711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.908461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, infections caused by the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans have increased, especially in patients with immunodeficiency. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action of sanguinarine (SAN) against C. albicans both in vitro and in vivo. SAN exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans clinical isolates, with MICs in the range of 112.8–150.5 μM. Furthermore, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy showed that SAN induced morphological changes as well as structure disruption in C. albicans cells, including masses of cellular debris, ruptured cell walls, and membrane deformation. Flow cytometry revealed that SAN could lead to cell membrane damage, and ergosterol content analysis indicated that SAN could cause ergosterol content reduction exceeding 90%. Further, we validated the efficacy of SAN against candidiasis caused by C. albicans in a murine model, and SAN significantly improved survival and reduced weight loss compared to vehicle. The treatment of 1.5 and 2.5 mg/kg/d SAN obviously reduced the fungal burden in the kidney. In addition, histopathological examination indicated that no fungal cells were observed in lung and kidney tissues after SAN treatment. Hence, this study suggests that SAN is a promising plant-derived compound for the development of an effective anticandidal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhili Hu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products (State Ethnic Affairs Commission), Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Yifu Guan
| | - Yunshi Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendan He
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Yan Wang
| | - Xun Song
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine Department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
- Xun Song
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15
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Tuzimski T, Petruczynik A, Szultka-Młyńska M, Sugajski M, Buszewski B. Isoquinoline Alkaloid Contents in Macleaya cordata Extracts and Their Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113606. [PMID: 35684539 PMCID: PMC9182188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An important strategy for treating neurodegenerative disorders is to maintain the levels of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft by blocking the cholinesterases. Searching for new effective compounds with inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity is one of the most significant challenges of the modern scientific research. The aim of this study was the optimization of the condition for cholinesterase activity determination by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) in terms of concentrations of enzymatic reaction mixture components, temperature of incubation, and incubation time. In vitro investigation of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity inhibition by some isoquinoline alkaloids and extracts obtained from the aerial part and roots of Macleaya cordata collected in May, July, and September. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity inhibition of the extracts obtained from the plant had not been tested previously. The application of the HPLC method allowed eliminating absorption of interfering components, for example, alkaloids such as sanguinarine and berberine. The HPLC method was successfully applied for the evaluation of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in samples such as plant extracts, especially those containing colored components adsorbing at the same wavelength as the adsorption wavelength of 5-thio-2-nitro-benzoic acid, which is the product of the reaction between thiocholine (product of the hydrolysis of acetyl/butyrylthiocholine reaction) with Ellman’s reagent. Moreover, liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC–QqQ–ESI–MS/MS) analysis allowed evaluating the identification of relevant bioactive compounds in the obtained plant extracts. The investigated alkaloids, especially sanguinarine and chelerythrine, and all the Macleaya cordata extracts, especially the extract obtained from the aerial part collected in May, exhibited very high cholinesterase activity inhibition. HPLC-DAD was also applied for the kinetics study of the most active alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrine. Our investigations demonstrated that these plant extracts can be recommended for further in vivo experiments to confirm their cholinesterase inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Tuzimski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Petruczynik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (A.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (M.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Mateusz Sugajski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (M.S.); (B.B.)
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Kujawsko-Pomorskie Heritage Center and Kujawsko-Pomorskie Science and Technology Center Prof. Jana Czochralskiego, Czerwona Droga 8, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (M.S.-M.); (M.S.); (B.B.)
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16
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Bio-active components in medicinal plants: A mechanistic review of their effects on fish growth and physiological parameters. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
World population is increasing at a tremendous rate so is the demand for animal-based protein. Aquaculture is a promising industry that has the potential to supply high quality protein for mankind with minimum environmental impact. In the past decade, aquaculture practices have been shifting from extensive to intensive culture. To achieve maximum production per unit area, high stocking densities are maintained in intensive aquaculture. If not managed properly, this may lead to stress in fish. Fish under stress condition show decreased growth, suppressed appetite, weakened immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. Chemicals, vaccines and antibiotics are used for the treatment of diseased fish. Use of synthetic chemicals, vaccines and antibiotics is not sustainable because pathogens develop resistance against them and they have high residues. Moreover, certain chemicals used for the treatment of fish diseases are not safe for humans therefore, are banned in some countries. Plant parts and their extracts are used in traditional medicines to cure many diseases and to improve health of mankind. In aquaculture industry, use of plants and their derivatives in fish feed to improve health status of fish is increasing. Several plants improve growth and overall health status of fish, some provide protection against pathogens by improving the immune system while others increase appetite by direct action on neuro-endocrine axis of fish. This review provides an in depth and up to date information about use of medicinal plants and their derivatives to improve growth and physiological status of fish and their possible mechanism of action.
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Plant-microbe hybrid synthesis provides new insights for the efficient use of Macleaya cordata. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:110. [PMID: 35546212 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sanguinarine and chelerytrine have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and is the main active ingredients of growth promoters in animals. Currently, Sanguinarine and chelerytrine were extracted from the capsules of the medicinal plant Macleaya cordata. However, the biomass of M. cordata nonmedicinal parts (leaves) accounted for a large proportion and contained a rich presentation of protopine and allocryptopine which are the precursor compounds of sanguinarine and chelerytrine. The aim of this study was to develop a new method for producing sanguinarine and chelerytrine through yeast transformation of protopine and allocryptopine in M. cordata leaves. First, we isolated different genes from Papaver somniferum (PsP6H, PsCPR, PsDBOX), Eschscholtzia californica (EcP6H), Cucumis sativus (CuCPR), Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCPR) and M. cordata (Mc11229, Mc11218, Mc6408, Mc6407, Mc19967, Mc13802). Additionally, some of the gene sequences were codon optimized. Then, we transformed these genes into yeast cells to compare the catalytic efficiency. Second, we used the most efficient strains to biotransform the leaves of M. cordata. Finally, we obtained 85.415 ± 11.887 ng mL-1 sanguinarine and 4.288 ± 1.395 ng mL-1 chelerytrine, which was more than 2-3 times the content in leaves of M. cordata. Overall, we using the nonmedicinal parts of M. cordata and successfully obtained sanguinarine and chelerytrine by the plant-microbial hybrid synthesis method.
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18
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Yang SS, Lv QY, Fu J, Zhang TY, Du YS, Yang XJ, Zhou L. New 7-Chloro-9-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolin-2-iums as Promising Fungicide Candidates: Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4256-4266. [PMID: 35362951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As our further research, a series of new 7-chloro-9-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolin-2-iums were designed and synthesized. Twelve compounds were found with excellent inhibition activity in vitro on three to five out of six phytopathogenic fungi, superior to standard drugs thiabendazole and/or azoxystrobin. Especially, 18 displayed the highest activity against three out of the fungi and the highest comprehensive activity for all of the fungi. The test in vivo revealed that 18 at 50 μg/mL was able to completely control Physalospora piricola infections in apples over 8 days. Scanning/transmission electron microscopic observations found that 18 could damage the hyphal integrity and cell membrane structure of P. piricola. The safety evaluation showed that 18 had no effect on the germination rate of cowpea seed at ≤200 μg/mL. The SAR revealed that the combination of 7-Cl and 2'- or 4'-alkyl is conducive to improvement of the activity. Thus, 7-chloro-9-methyl-2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-β-carbolin-2-ium is a promising antifungal lead scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Yang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing-Yun Lv
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Fu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian-Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Si Du
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin-Juan Yang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, Shaanxi, China
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19
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Shen LX, Liu GF, Song JS, Cao YH, Peng X, Wu RR, Cao Y, Chen XJ, Liu Z, Sun ZL, Wu Y. Sex differences in the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of Macleaya cordata extracts in rats. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:46-53. [PMID: 35227161 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2048323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macleaya cordata extracts (MCE) are listed as feed additives in animal production by the European Food Authority. The core components of MCE are mainly sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE). This study aims to investigate sex differences in the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of MCE in rats.Male and female rates were intragastrically administered MCE (1.25 mg·kg-1 body weight and 12.5 mg·kg-1 body weight dose for 28 days). SA and CHE concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC) of both CHE and SA were higher in female than in male rats (12.5 mg·kg-1 body weight group), whereas their half-life (T1/2) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was lower (p < 0.05). Tissue rfesidue analysis indicated that SA and CHE were more distributed in male than in female rats and were highly distributed in the cecum and liver. SA and CHE were completely eliminated from the liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen, leg muscle, and cecum after 120 h, indicating they did not accumulate in rats for a long time.Overall, we found that the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of SA and CHE of male and female rats showed sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Shen
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Gao-Feng Liu
- Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Hunan Canzoho Biological Technology Co. Ltd, Changsha, China
| | | | - Yu-Hang Cao
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Xiong Peng
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Rong-Rong Wu
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Yan Cao
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Xiao-Jun Chen
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Yong Wu
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
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20
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Li JY, Huang HB, Wang N, Shi CW, Pan TX, Zhang B, Yang GL, Wang CF. Sanguinarine induces apoptosis in Eimeria tenella sporozoites via the generation of reactive oxygen species. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101771. [PMID: 35272108 PMCID: PMC8913342 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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21
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Seok WJ, Hoque MR, Serpunja S, Kim IH. Performance of phytoncide (Pinus koraiensis extract) as an alternative to zinc oxide supplementation in weaning pig diet. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was implemented to assess the effect of Pinus koraiensis extract (PKE) compared with zinc oxide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, fecal bacterial count, and fecal gas emission of post-weaned pigs. This 6 wk experiment was divided into phase 1 (days 1–7), phase 2 (days 8–21), and phase 3 (days 22–42). A total of 150 crossbred weaning pigs (body weight; 10.14 ± 0.78 kg) were randomly sorted in five treatment diets (six replications per treatment; five pigs per pen) presented as CON, basal diet; ZnO, CON + 0.30% zinc oxide; PKE1, CON + 0.05% PKE; PKE2, CON + 0.10% PKE; and PKE3, CON + 0.15% PKE. Pinus koraiensis extract supplementation linearly reduced gain to feed ratio in all phases except phase 3. It also linearly increased average daily gain in the overall experiment compared with the CON group. The increasing level of PKE supplementation brought linear improvement in aspartate aminotransferase of blood profile. Escherichia coli bacterial count and NH3 gas emission were decreased linearly by PKE supplementation in comparison to the CON diet. Though PKE supplementation did not show similar influence as ZnO, it showed beneficial results in weaning pigs’ growth, nutrient digestibility, fecal bacterial count, and reduction of fecal gas emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jeong Seok
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - Md Raihanul Hoque
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - Subin Serpunja
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714, South Korea
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22
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Mendonça FLM, Carvalho JG, Silva RJ, Ferreira LCA, Cerqueira DM, Rogge HI, Andrade JP, Ferreira LD, Araújo MVV, Moreira TF, Carvalho AU, Facury-Filho EJ. Use of a natural herbal-based feed additive containing isoquinoline alkaloids in newborn calves with cryptosporidiosis. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109615. [PMID: 34808590 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium infections are one of the most prevalent causes of diarrhea in calves and considered to be one of the major sources of economic loss in livestock production. A global trend is currently underway, in identifying natural and sustainable alternatives to support animal husbandry and production. Isoquinoline alkaloids are known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties in the promotion of gut health. Thus, an experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of natural, herbal-based feed isoquinoline alkaloids to support calves experimentally inoculated with Cryptosporidium parvum. Twenty-six calves were randomly divided into control (CN) (n = 13) and treatment (SG) (n = 13) groups. The SG group received 5 g of feed additive in every milk feeding from 1 to 21 days of age. The CN group received milk without any additives. All calves were orally inoculated on the third day of life with 1 × 106Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. The animals were evaluated daily, from 3 to 30 days of age, for the occurrence, duration, and intensity of diarrhea. Calves with a base deficit of ≥ 9 mEq/L were hydrated to aid recovery. The SG calves showed a higher average weight gain between 14 and 21 days of age, without mortality and with reduced intensity and duration of diarrhea. In contrast, calves in the CN group showed more serious acid-base disorders, required more hydration support, and had a mortality rate of 15.4 %. These results showed that calves supplemented with isoquinoline alkaloids had decreased intensity and duration of symptoms, reduced requirement for supportive therapy, and prevented mortality among animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe L M Mendonça
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Júlia G Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael J Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luana C A Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daiane M Cerqueira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Horst I Rogge
- Department Product Management, Phytobiotics, Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, Eltville, Germany
| | - João P Andrade
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Layanne D Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Markus V V Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Moreira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antonio U Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elias J Facury-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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23
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Modulation of intestinal morphology and microbiota by dietary Macleaya cordata extract supplementation in Xuefeng Black-boned Chicken. Animal 2021; 15:100399. [PMID: 34768172 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly overused to prevent livestock from diseases and to increase production performance. As potential substitutes of antibiotics, plant extracts have attracted the attention of researchers. It was known to all that addition of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) to the food could advance immunity, intestinal health and animal performance. Thus, it was conducted to investigate the influence of MCE (0, 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg, with six replicate pens/treatment and 24 hens/pen) on intestinal morphology and microbial diversity in different intestinal segments in Xuefeng black-boned chicken in this study. The results showed that MCE supplement (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg) significantly diminished (P < 0.05) the crypt depth of the jejunum as compared to basal diet group. The 100 mg/kg group displayed a marked increase (P < 0.05), compared with 0 and 200 mg/kg group, in ileum microbial diversity as represented by the Shannon's index. In the cecum, treatment of MCE significantly decreased (P < 0.01) the Firmicutes, but Deferribacteres in 200 mg/kg MCE group were significantly raised (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we found that MCE improved intestinal morphology and reduced the crypt depth in jejunum. Together, addition of 200 mg/kg MCE modulated intestinal microbiota, increased beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus. Adding 100 mg/kg MCE to diet increased bacterial community diversity and relative abundance in jejunum and ileum, but had no effect on cecum microbial diversity.
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24
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Valipour M, Zarghi A, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Irannejad H. Therapeutic potential of chelerythrine as a multi-purpose adjuvant for the treatment of COVID-19. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:2321-2336. [PMID: 34585628 PMCID: PMC8506812 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1982509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional nature of phytochemicals and their chemical diversity has attracted attention to develop leads originated from nature to fight COVID-19. Pharmacological activities of chelerythrine and its congeners have been studied and reported in the literature. This compound simultaneously has two key therapeutic effects for the treatment of COVID-19, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Chelerythrine can prevent hyper-inflammatory immune response through regulating critical signaling pathways involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as alteration in Nrf2, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK activities. In addition, chelerythrine has a strong protein kinase C-α/-β inhibitory activity suitable for cerebral vasospasm prevention and eryptosis reduction, as well as beneficial effects in suppressing pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. In terms of antiviral activity, chelerythrine can fight with SARS-CoV-2 through various mechanisms, such as direct-acting mechanism, viral RNA-intercalation, and regulation of host-based antiviral targets. Although chelerythrine is toxic in vitro, the in vivo toxicity is significantly reduced due to its structural conversion to alkanolamine. Its multifunctional action makes chelerythrine a prominent compound for the treatment of COVID-19. Considering precautions related to the toxicity at higher doses, it is expected that this compound is useful in combination with proper antivirals to reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Valipour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Afshin Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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25
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Cottrell JJ, Le HH, Artaiz O, Iqbal Y, Suleria HA, Ali A, Celi P, Dunshea FR. Recent advances in the use of phytochemicals to manage gastrointestinal oxidative stress in poultry and pigs. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants are integral components of pig and poultry feed, and aside from their raw nutritive value, some phytochemicals contain bioactive compounds. The aim of the present paper is to review recent advances in the use of some phytochemicals in pig and poultry feed, focusing on the examples of isoquinoline alkaloids, polyphenol rich sugarcane extracts and superoxide dismutase-rich melon pulp extracts. As gut health is critical for efficient production, the review will focus on recent results modulating oxidative stress within the gastrointestinal tract and the potential mechanisms of action.
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26
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Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Zhou S, Jin M, Lu T, Cui L, Qian H. Macleaya cordata extract, an antibiotic alternative, does not contribute to antibiotic resistance gene dissemination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125272. [PMID: 33550129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of antibiotics and their associated health risks are receiving global attention. The use of antibiotic additives in fodder has been banned in the European Union since 2006 and in China since 2020. Antibiotic alternatives are being developed, but their risks to the soil ecosystem remain poorly understood. Here, we compared the effects of the antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC10, 10 mg/kg) with those of a Macleaya cordata extract (MCE, 10 and 100 mg/kg), the major antibiotic substitute. All tested concentrations of MCE and OTC10 exerted slight effects on the soil microbiome, but OTC10 and MCE100 could interfere with the structures and functions of the gut microbiome and might thus affect the soil ecological functions of Enchytraeus crypticus. Furthermore, OTC10 exposure inevitably increased the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) abundance by 213%, whereas MCE did not induce ARG dissemination, which explains why MCE is considered to be associated with a low ecological risk. Our research provides the first demonstration of the risks posed by antibiotic alternatives to soil animals from the perspective of environmental toxicology and explores the potential development of antibiotic alternatives associated with a low ecological risk from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Shuyidan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mingkang Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Li Cui
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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27
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Wang J, Song Y, Zhang N, Li N, Liu C, Wang B. Using Liposomes to Alleviate the Toxicity of Chelerythrine, a Natural PKC Inhibitor, in Treating Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:658543. [PMID: 34123813 PMCID: PMC8190388 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.658543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the Study CHE can inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer cells and induce apoptosis. However, despite having in vivo toxicity, CHE has not been thoroughly investigated in term of its in vivo antitumor effect. The present study evaluated the antitumor effect of CHE on non-small cell lung cancer cell line HCC827. Methods The antitumor effect of CHE on HCC827 was evaluated, and its potential work mechanism was investigated. CHE long circulation liposomes (CHELPs) modified with polyethylene glycol have been optimized and characterized by in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. A HCC827 xenograft model was developed on BALB/c nude mice for the assessment of the effects of CHE and CHELP. Results CHE might inhibit HCC827 growth through the ROS/PKC-ϵ/caspase 3 pathway and glycolysis. The optimized CHELP remained stable after storage for 10 days at 4°C and exhibited sustained drug release, showing approximately one-fifteenth of the in vivo clearance rate and 86 times the absorption concentration of free drug. While increasing the bioavailability of CHE, CHELP showed a good therapeutic effect on HCC827 tumor-bearing nude mice and reduced the toxicity of the free drug, improving the safety of CHE. Conclusions CHE is a candidate drug for NSCLC, and liposomes are effective in alleviating the toxicity of CHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Song
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Li
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Congying Liu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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28
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Huang CY, Huang YJ, Zhang ZY, Liu YS, Liu ZY. Metabolism and Tissue Distribution of Chelerythrine and Effects of Macleaya Cordata Extracts on Liver NAD(P)H Quinone Oxidoreductase. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:659771. [PMID: 34124222 PMCID: PMC8187775 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.659771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Macleaya cordata (Willd.) (Papaveraceae) is listed as a feed additive in animal production by the European Food Authority. Methods: The metabolites of chelerythrine in rats were measured in vitro and in vivo by rapid and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/QqTOF-MS). The structures of CHE metabolites were elucidated by comparing their changes in accurate molecular masses and fragment ions with those of parent ion or metabolite. The metabolic enzymes that were involved in chelerythrine reduction were investigated using an inhibition method. The tissue distribution of chelerythrine and the effects on NQO1 following intragastric administration with M. cordata extracts in rats were examined. Results: A total of twelve metabolites of chelerythrine were characterized by this approach in rat liver S9 and in vivo. The reduction of the iminium bond of chelerythrine and subsequent O-demethylation was the main metabolic pathway of chelerythrine in rat liver S9 while the reduction of the iminium bond of chelerythrine was the main metabolic pathway of chelerythrine in rats in vivo. After the rats were given intragastric administration, the low concentration residues of sanguinarine and chelerythrine in different rat tissues were found at 48 h after the last dose, suggesting that both compounds could be widely distributed in tissues. The results also indicated that XO, NQO1, NQO2, and carbonyl reductase are involved in chelerythrine reduction. Macleaya cordata extracts treated female and male rats, respectively, showed different responses, inhibiting NQO1 activity in males, but inducing NQO1 activity in females. Chelerythrine had a weak impact on NQO1 activity, but sanguinarine inhibited NQO1 activity Conclusion: Through studying the effects of cytosolic reductase inhibitors on chelerythrine reduction and the impact of chelerythrine and sanguinarine on the activity of NQO1 in vitro and in vivo, we clarified the potential drug interaction of Macleaya cordata extract in clinical application, so as to provide theoretical guidance for clinically safe medication. In addition, it provided a reference basis for the metabolic mechanism of chelerythrinein rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yin Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Jun Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Prima Drug Research Center Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo-Yi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Yiyang Vocational and Technical College, Yiyang, China
| | - Yi-Song Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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29
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Bussabong P, Rairat T, Chuchird N, Keetanon A, Phansawat P, Cherdkeattipol K, Pichitkul P, Kraitavin W. Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids from Macleaya cordata on growth performance, survival, immune response, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251343. [PMID: 33956913 PMCID: PMC8101937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQs) from Macleaya cordata are promising natural products for enhancing the growth performance and overall health condition of farmed animals. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two formulas of IQ extract, provided in either a powdered formula (IQ-E) or a water-soluble, granulated formula (IQ-WS) and containing the main active component sanguinarine at a concentration of 0.5% and 1%, respectively, on the growth, survival, immune response, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In Experiment 1, the postlarvae were divided into five groups (four replicates/group and 100 shrimp/tank) and fed four times/day for 30 days with a control feed, IQ-E at 200 or 300 mg/kg of feed, or IQ-WS at 100 or 150 mg/kg of feed. In Experiment 2, the surviving shrimp from Experiment 1 were redistributed into six groups (four treatment groups as in Experiment 1 plus the positive and negative controls with four replicates/group and 30 shrimp/tank) and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus by immersion at a concentration of 103 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and were fed with the same diets for another 14 days. The results revealed that all IQ-fed shrimp in Experiment 1 had significantly enhanced survival rates and immune parameters (total hemocyte count and phagocytic, phenoloxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities) compared to the control group, even though the growth performances were similar across all groups. In Experiment 2, all IQ-fed groups showed better growth performance and survival rates compared to the positive control. Other than in the positive control group, no histopathological lesions in the hepatopancreas and the intestine were found. In summary, the current study demonstrated the benefits of using IQs from M. cordata as feed additives for improving the growth performance, survival rate, immune responses, and resistance to vibriosis of Pacific white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavarist Bussabong
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tirawat Rairat
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Niti Chuchird
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Arunothai Keetanon
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Putsucha Phansawat
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Cherdkeattipol
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phongchate Pichitkul
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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30
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Su Q, Wang J, Wu Q, Ullah A, Ghauri MA, Sarwar A, Chen L, Liu F, Zhang Y. Sanguinarine combats hypoxia-induced activation of EphB4 and HIF-1α pathways in breast cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153503. [PMID: 33636580 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide. Large hypoxic area is one of the features of tumor microenvironment. Highly activated hypoxia-induced pathways positively correlate with poor clinical response to chemo- and radiotherapy and high mortality in breast cancer patients. PURPOSE We explore the effect of sanguinarine on hypoxia-induced activation of Ephrin type-B receptor 4 (EphB4) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) pathways in breast cancer. RESULTS Hypoxia-induced expression of a receptor tyrosine kinase EphB4 was observed in hypoxic breast cancer cell models. Sanguinarine, a natural alkaloid, could effectively combat hypoxia-induced EphB4 and HIF-1α expression. Sanguinarine inhibited the activation of downstream protein signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), thereby blocking hypoxia-induced HIF-1α/STAT3 interaction and downregulating the mRNA levels of their target genes. Mechanically, sanguinarine attenuated HIF-1α protein levels via inhibition of MAPK/ERK pathways and promotion of HIF-1α proteasome degradation. Sanguinarine inhibited STAT3 activation through targeting its upstream EphB4 and accelerating STAT3 dephosphorylation. Correspondingly, xenograft models confirmed that sanguinarine treatment disrupted hypoxia-induced pathways and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results may bring insights to the hypoxia-induced pathways in breast cancers, and suggest sanguinarine as a promising candidate for EphB4 and HIF-1α-targeted inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Asmat Ullah
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mohsin Ahmad Ghauri
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ammar Sarwar
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xianyang 712046, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.
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31
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Zhao NJ, Wang LL, Liu ZY, Wang Q, Liu L, Sun ZL, Wu Y. Pharmacokinetics of Chelerythrine and Its Metabolite after Oral and Intramuscular Administrations in Pigs. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:1264-1270. [PMID: 33538636 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1882714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of chelerythrine (CHE) and its metabolite, dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), after oral and IM administrations in pigs.Six crossbreed (Landrace × Large White) female pigs (7 to 8 weeks old; 24.1 ± 2.6 kg bw) administered oral and IM CHE at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg orally and intramuscularly in a cross-over design. Multiple oral administration was performed at 0.1 mg/kg a time, three times a day at 8-h intervals for three consecutive days. Blood samples were collected from the anterior vena cava and placed into heparinized centrifuge tubes before dosing (time 0 h) and at different times after oral oral and IM administrations. Pretreatment plasma was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.After IM administration, CHE and DHCHE rapidly reached peak concentrations (Cmax, 69.79 ± 15.41 and 3.47 ± 1.23 ng/ml) at 0.42 ± 0.13 and 0.33 ± 0.13 h, respectively. After single oral administration, CHE and DHCHE rapidly increased to reach Cmax of 5.04 ± 1.00 and 1.21 ± 0.35 ng/ml at 1.83 ± 0.26 and 1.67 ± 0.26 h, respectively. The half-life (T1/2) was 2.03 ± 0.26 and 2.56 ± 1.00 h for CHE and DHCHE, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css) of CHE and DHCHE were 2.51 ± 0.40 and 0.6 ± 0.06 ng/ml, respectively.CHE is metabolized rapidly after a single oral administration, multiple daily doses and long-term use of CHE are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Jiao Zhao
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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32
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Guo S, Lei J, Liu L, Qu X, Li P, Liu X, Guo Y, Gao Q, Lan F, Xiao B, He C, Zou X. Effects of Macleaya cordata extract on laying performance, egg quality, and serum indices in Xuefeng black-bone chicken. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101031. [PMID: 33684648 PMCID: PMC7938252 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The abuse of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in feed has led to drug resistance and ecological damage would threaten human health eventually. Natural plants have become a hotspot in the research and application of substituting AGPs because of their advantages of safety, efficiency, and availability. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) in the diet of Xuefeng black-bone chicken on laying performance, egg quality, and serum indices. In this study, 576 birds (47-week-old) were evenly distributed between 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 24 hens each. The control group was fed a basal diet without MCE and the remaining groups received 100, 150, or 200 mg/kg MCE for 84 d. Results revealed that the strength and thickness of the eggshell increased significantly with the dietary addition of MCE (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase increased in the MCE groups (P < 0.01). Simultaneously, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol as well as serum luteinizing hormone levels also increased with the addition of MCE (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, supplementation of MCE significantly decreased the tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels (P < 0.01). In summary, it was concluded that diet addition of 200 mg/kg MCE ameliorated egg quality, enhanced anti-oxidation and immune activity, and regulated hormone secretion of Xuefeng black-bone chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songchang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiaxing Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiangyong Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Research and Development Center, Hunan Yunfeifeng Agricultural Co. Ltd., Hunan, Huaihua 418200, China
| | - Qiaoqin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fulin Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Research and Development Center, Hunan Yunfeifeng Agricultural Co. Ltd., Hunan, Huaihua 418200, China
| | - Changqing He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China; College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha 410128, China.
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Cui ZM, Zhou BH, Fu C, Chen L, Fu J, Cao FJ, Yang XJ, Zhou L. Simple Analogues of Quaternary Benzo[ c]phenanthridine Alkaloids: Discovery of a Novel Antifungal 2-Phenylphthalazin-2-ium Scaffold with Excellent Potency against Phytopathogenic Fungi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15418-15427. [PMID: 33332120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by sanguinarine and chelerythrine, a novel antifungal 2-phenylphthalazin-2-ium scaffold as a simple analogue was designed. Most of the 30 compounds showed excellent inhibition activity against almost all eight phytopathogenic fungi, far superior to sanguinarine and chelerythrine. A third of the compounds were more active than azoxystrobin in most cases. Compounds 26 and 27 showed the highest total activity against all the fungi with EC50 means of ca. 4.6 μg/mL. Fusarium solani showed the highest susceptibility with an EC50 mean of 3.62 μg/mL to 19 compounds. A concentration of 25.0 μg/mL 27 can fully control the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection in apples over 9 days. Electron microscopic observations showed that 27 was able to damage the structures of the hypha and cell membrane. The structure-activity relationship showed that the presence of electron-withdrawing groups on the C-ring increases the activity against most of the fungi. Thus, 2-phenylphthalazin-2-ium compounds represent promising leads for the development of novel fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Cui
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo-Hang Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Fu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Chen
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Fu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang-Jun Cao
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, No. 88 Xingqing Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xin-Juan Yang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Influence of sanguinarine-based phytobiotic supplementation on post necrotic enteritis challenge recovery. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05361. [PMID: 33163676 PMCID: PMC7609478 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the animal production industry, plant-derived antimicrobial phytobiotics are used as an alternative to antibiotics. Here we investigated the role sanguinarine-based phytobiotic in broiler recovery from Necrotic Enteritis (NE) infection. A total of 100 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to four treatments: negative control CTR (no challenge, no phytobiotic supplementation); positive control NE (NE challenged); phytobiotic SG (sanguinarine phytobiotic, 0.12 g/kg); and SG + NE, (sanguinarine phytobiotic, 0.12 g/kg and NE challenge). Sanguinarine-based phytobiotic supplementation caused significant changes between the groups in performance, livability and histological measurements, however, these changes were not significantly different between SG + NE and NE groups. Significant improvement was detected in NE lesion score of the duodenum and ileum of SG + NE birds compared to NE challenged birds at the end of the production cycle at 40 days old, indicating improved post-NE recovery with the addition of phytobiotic. Sanguinarine-based phytobiotic supplementation in NE challenged birds significantly compensated for a NE associated reduction of Firmicutes and an increase in Bacteroidetes. Functional profile of sanguinarine-based phytobiotic supplemented birds microbiota was distinct from CTR functional profile. NE challenge was associated with a significant increase in cecal propionic acid, while sanguinarine-based phytobiotic supplementation resulted in an increase in cecal acetic acid.
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Le HH, Shakeri M, Suleria HAR, Zhao W, McQuade RM, Phillips DJ, Vidacs E, Furness JB, Dunshea FR, Artuso-Ponte V, Cottrell JJ. Betaine and Isoquinoline Alkaloids Protect against Heat Stress and Colonic Permeability in Growing Pigs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9101024. [PMID: 33096723 PMCID: PMC7589639 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) compromises productivity of pork production, in part as a result of increased oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, particularly within the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to investigate whether plant-derived betaine and isoquinoline alkaloids could ameliorate HS in pigs. Fifty female Large White × Landrace grower pigs, which were acclimated to control (CON), control plus betaine (BET), or control plus isoquinoline alkaloids (IQA) diets for 14 days were then exposed to heat stress or thermoneutral condition. Both BET and IQA partially ameliorated increases in respiration rate (p = 0.013) and rectal temperature (p = 0.001) associated with HS conditions. Heat stress increased salivary cortisol concentrations and reduced plasma creatinine, lactate, and thyroid hormone concentrations. Heat stress increased colon FD4 permeability, which was reduced by IQA (p = 0.030). Heat stress increased inflammation in the jejunum and ileum, as indicated by elevated interleukin-1β (p = 0.022) in the jejunum and interleukin-1β (p = 0.004) and interleukin-8 (p = 0.001) in the ileum. No differences in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were observed with HS, but betaine increased plasma TAC compared to IQA. Dietary BET increased betaine concentrations in the jejunum, ileum (p < 0.001 for both), plasma, liver, kidney (p < 0.010 for all), urine (p = 0.002) and tended to be higher in muscle (p = 0.084). Betaine concentration was not influenced by HS, but it tended to be higher in plasma and accumulated in the liver. These data suggest that betaine and isoquinoline alkaloids supplementation ameliorated consequences of heat stress in grower pigs and protected against HS induced increases in colonic permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Huu Le
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Animal Sciences, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 131004, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.H.L.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Majid Shakeri
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Weicheng Zhao
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Rachel Mai McQuade
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Deborah Jayne Phillips
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Eva Vidacs
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
| | - John Barton Furness
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Rowland Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Jeremy James Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (M.S.); (H.A.R.S.); (W.Z.); (D.J.P.); (E.V.); (J.B.F.); (F.R.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.H.L.); (J.J.C.)
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Li Y, Xu F, Tong X, Chen R, Shen C, Liang T, Chu Q, Zhou B. Effects of Macleaya cordata extract on small intestinal morphology and gastrointestinal microbiota diversity of weaned pigs. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liu ZY, Wang XL, Ou SQ, Hou DX, He JH. Sanguinarine modulate gut microbiome and intestinal morphology to enhance growth performance in broilers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234920. [PMID: 32559224 PMCID: PMC7304598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine is a bioactive compound as a quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloid from plant of the Macleaya cordata, Papaveraceae family. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sanguinarine supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemistry parameters, intestinal mucosal morphology and gut microbiome in yellow feathered broilers. Two hundred and seventy 1-d-old female broilers were randomly assigned to 3 treatments ① Basal diet (NG); ② Basal diet containing bacitracin methylene disalicylate (50mg/Kg diet) (ANT); ③ Basal diet containing sanguinarine (0.7 mg/ kg of feed) (SAG). The statistical results showed that dietary sanguinarine supplementation enhanced growth performance and decreased glucose, uric acid as well as urea nitrogen levels of broilers at 28d of age (P<0.05). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that sanguinarine significantly decreased the species from the phyla Bacteroidetes, and increased the species from phyla Firmicutes. Moreover, dietary sanguinarine supplementation improved mucosal morphology to achieve higher ratio of intestinal villus height to crypt depth (P < 0.05), and decreased the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-4 in jejunum mucosal. This study demonstrated that sanguinarine supplementation in the diet of yellow feathered broilers improved intestinal morphology and microbiota community structure to promote growth performance on 1-28d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Ying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shu-Qi Ou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jian-Hua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhou B, Li H, Cui Z, Li D, Geng H, Gao J, Zhou L. Simple analogues of natural product chelerythrine: Discovery of a novel anticholinesterase 2-phenylisoquinolin-2-ium scaffold with excellent potency against acetylcholinesterase. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112415. [PMID: 32454229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As simple analogues of the natural compound chelerythrine, a novel anti-cholinesterase 2-phenylisoquinolin-2-ium scaffold was designed by structure imitation. The activity evaluation led to the discovery of seven compounds with potent anti-acetylcholinesterase activity with IC50 values of ≤0.72 μM, superior to chelerythrine and standard drugs galantamine. Particularly, compound 8y showed the excellent dual acetylcholinesterase-butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activity, superior to rivastigmine, a dual cholinesterase inhibitor drug. Furthermore, the compounds displayed a competitive anti-acetylcholinesterase mechanism with the substrate and low cytotoxicity. Molecular docking showed that the isoquinoline moiety is embedded in a cavity surrounded by four aromatic residues of acetylcholinesterase by the π-π action. Structure-activity relationship showed that the p-substituents on the C-ring can dramatically improve the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, while 8-OMe can increase the activity against the two cholinesterases simultaneously. Thus, the title compounds emerged as promising lead compounds for the development of novel cholinesterase inhibitor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohang Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ding Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiling Geng
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jinming Gao
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Mucoadhesive Chitosan Delivery System with Chelidonii Herba Lyophilized Extract as a Promising Strategy for Vaginitis Treatment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041208. [PMID: 32331437 PMCID: PMC7230236 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelidonium majus (also known as celandine) contains pharmacologically active compounds such as isoquinoline alkaloids (e.g., chelidonine, sanguinarine), flavonoids, saponins, carotenoids, and organic acids. Due to the presence of isoquinoline alkaloids, Chelidonii herba extracts are widely used as an antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral (including HSV-1 and HIV-1), and anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of various diseases, while chitosan is a biocompatible and biodegradable carrier with valuable properties for mucoadhesive formulations preparation. Our work aimed to prepare mucoadhesive vaginal drug delivery systems composed of Chelidonii herba lyophilized extract and chitosan as an effective way to treat vaginitis. The pharmacological safety of usage of isoquinoline alkaloids, based on MTT test, were evaluated for the maximum doses 36.34 ± 0.29 µg/mL and 0.89 ± 1.16 µg/mL for chelidonine and sanguinarine, respectively. Dissolution rate profiles and permeability through artificial membranes for chelidonine and sanguinarine after their introduction into the chitosan system were studied. The low permeability for used save doses of isoquinoline alkaloids and results of microbiological studies allow confirmation that system Chelidonii herba lyophilized extract chitosan 80/500 1:1 (w/w) is a promising strategy for vaginal use. Ex vivo studies of mucoadhesive properties and evaluation of tableting features demonstrated that the formulation containing Chelidonii herba lyophilized extract (120.0 mg) with chitosan (80/500—100.0 mg) and polymer content (HPMC—100.0 mg, microcrystalline cellulose—50.0 mg, lactose monohydrate—30.0 mg and magnesium stearate—4.0 mg) is a vaginal dosage form with prolonging dissolution profile and high mucoadhesion properties (up to 4 h).
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Qian W, Zhang J, Wang W, Liu M, Fu Y, Li X, Wang T, Li Y. Efficacy of Chelerythrine Against Mono- and Dual-Species Biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus and Its Properties of Inducing Hypha-to-Yeast Transition of C. albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020045. [PMID: 32252437 PMCID: PMC7345410 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus specifically often resulted in biofilm-associated diseases, ranging from superficial mucosal to life-threatening systemic infections. Recent studies reported that chelerythrine displayed antimicrobial activities against a few microorganisms, but its effects on mono- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and S. aureus have never been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of chelerythrine against mono- and dual-species biofilms, and explore its effect on the hyphal growth and the hypha-to-yeast transition of C. albicans. The results showed that minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC90S) of chelerythrine against planktonic cells of mono-species were 4 and 2 μg/mL, while the MIC and MBIC90 were 6 and 3 μg/mL for dual-species. Meanwhile, the decrease in three matrix component levels and tolerance to antibiotics of biofilms formed by mono- and dual-species exposed to chelerythrine were confirmed by a confocal laser scanning microscope, in conjugation with five fluorescent dyes and a gatifloxacin diffusion assay. Moreover, C. albicans and S. aureus mono-species showed a 96.4, and 92.3% reduction, respectively, in 24-h preformed biofilm biomass in the presence of 128 µg/mL of chelerythrine. Similarly, preformed (24 h) dual-species biofilm biomass also displayed a significant reduction (90.7%) when treated with 192 μg/mL chelerythrine. Chelerythrine inhibited hyphae formation of C. albicans at 4 μg/mL, and C. albicans in hypha-form can be converted into yeast-form at 8 μg/mL of chelerythrine. Therefore, chelerythrine shows promise as a potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent for clinical effective treatments of mono- and mixed-species and/or biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Wenjing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuting Fu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (W.Q.); (J.Z.); (W.W.); (M.L.); (Y.F.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-29-86168583 (T.W.)
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (Y.L.); Tel.: +86-29-86168583 (T.W.)
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Wu Y, Zhao NJ, Cao Y, Sun Z, Wang Q, Liu ZY, Sun ZL. Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2020; 43:208-214. [PMID: 31943246 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (Cmax , 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their Cmax (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T1/2 ) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (Css ) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Na-Jiao Zhao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Veterinary Drugs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Shen Y, Zhu C, Wang Y, Xu J, Xue R, Ji F, Wu Y, Wu Z, Zhang W, Zheng Z, Ye Y. Evaluation the binding of chelerythrine, a potentially harmful toxin, with bovine serum albumin. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 135:110933. [PMID: 31682930 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chelerythrine (CHE), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, is usually used as a nutritional and functional additive in variety of health foods. However, it should be paid enough attention because of its potential toxicity to human health. In this work, the binding mechanism of CHE with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was systematically investigated with spectroscopic approaches. The results showed that the mixture of BSA with CHE could spontaneously cause the formation of BSA-CHE complex through electrostatic interaction under simulative physiological conditions (0.01 mol L-1 Tris-HCl, 0.015 mol L-1 NaCl, pH = 7.4). Site marker competitive displacement experiments exhibited that CHE was primarily bound to the hydrophobic pocket of the site II (subdomain IIIA) of BSA. It has been reported that the binding of small functional molecules to serum albumins remarkably impacts their absorption, distribution, metabolism, conformation, and excretion features. Therefore, this study might be helpful for human to have an in-depth understanding of the biological effect of CHE in vivo and guide human to take it safely and reasonably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Ruyu Xue
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Fuyun Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yiwei Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Yingwang Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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Chen J, Kang B, Yao K, Fu C, Zhao Y. Effects of dietary Macleaya cordata extract on growth performance, immune responses, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal development in weaned piglets. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1636800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoju Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Gao L, Schmitz HJ, Merz KH, Schrenk D. Characterization of the cytotoxicity of selected Chelidonium alkaloids in rat hepatocytes. Toxicol Lett 2019; 311:91-97. [PMID: 31054355 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytomedicinal preparations containing extracts of the plant Chelidonium majus (Greater Celandine) have been used in the therapy of upper abdominal disorders. C. majus alkaloids (CAL) were suspected to be responsible for reported cases of liver symptoms including cases of acute liver failure in patients upon treatment with certain C. majus preparations. Based on these reports, a safe oral daily dose limit of not more than 2.5 mg CAL was established in the EU. However, C. majus extracts and individual CAL were not able to elicit similar adverse effects when given orally to pigs or rats. We found that CAL differ considerably in their cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes in culture. The cationic congeners chelerythrine, coptisine and sanguinarine were the most toxic ones (EC20 values ≤2 μM) while the neutral congeners chelidonine, dihydrosanguinarine and protopine were less toxic, with a rank order of toxicity of coptisine > chelerythrine > sanguinarine > chelidonine > protopine > dihydrosanguinarine. Calculation of octanol-water partition coefficients revealed that the most cytotoxic CAL in hepatocytes were the cationic polar ones. At cytotoxic concentrations sanguinarine led to a marked decrease in reduced and oxidized intracellular glutathione while the much less cytotoxic dihydrosanguinarine did not. After glutathione depletion with menadione, CAL toxicity was only slightly enhanced. Comparison of the cytotoxic concentrations to reported liver levels in experimental animals suggests that the latter were too low to cause hepatotoxicity, probably due to an extremely low oral availability of certain CAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gao
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Schmitz
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Merz
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dieter Schrenk
- Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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45
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Huang P, Zhang Y, Xiao K, Jiang F, Wang H, Tang D, Liu D, Liu B, Liu Y, He X, Liu H, Liu X, Qing Z, Liu C, Huang J, Ren Y, Yun L, Yin L, Lin Q, Zeng C, Su X, Yuan J, Lin L, Hu N, Cao H, Huang S, Guo Y, Fan W, Zeng J. The chicken gut metagenome and the modulatory effects of plant-derived benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:211. [PMID: 30482240 PMCID: PMC6260706 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-therapeutic antibiotics are widely used as growth promoters in the poultry industry; however, the resulting antibiotic resistance threatens public health. A plant-derived growth promoter, Macleaya cordata extract (MCE), with effective ingredients of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, is a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. Altered intestinal microbiota play important roles in growth promotion, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. RESULTS We generated 1.64 terabases of metagenomic data from 495 chicken intestinal digesta samples and constructed a comprehensive chicken gut microbial gene catalog (9.04 million genes), which is also the first gene catalog of an animal's gut microbiome that covers all intestinal compartments. Then, we identified the distinctive characteristics and temporal changes in the foregut and hindgut microbiota. Next, we assessed the impact of MCE on chickens and gut microbiota. Chickens fed with MCE had improved growth performance, and major microbial changes were confined to the foregut, with the predominant role of Lactobacillus being enhanced, and the amino acids, vitamins, and secondary bile acids biosynthesis pathways being upregulated, but lacked the accumulation of antibiotic-resistance genes. In comparison, treatment with chlortetracycline similarly enriched some biosynthesis pathways of nutrients in the foregut microbiota, but elicited an increase in antibiotic-producing bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes. CONCLUSION The reference gene catalog of the chicken gut microbiome is an important supplement to animal gut metagenomes. Metagenomic analysis provides insights into the growth-promoting mechanism of MCE, and underscored the importance of utilizing safe and effective growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Kangpeng Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Hengchao Wang
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Dazhi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Yisong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Hua Liu
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Xiubin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Zhixing Qing
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Conghui Liu
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Jialu Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Yuwei Ren
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Long Yun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Qian Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Xiaogang Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Jingyang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Li Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Nanxi Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Hualiang Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Wei Fan
- Agricultural Genomic Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
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46
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Khin M, Jones AM, Cech NB, Caesar LK. Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Macleaya cordata against Extensively Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Prod Commun 2018; 13. [PMID: 31080542 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic resistant threat is continuing to grow, due in part to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock feed. Many nations in Europe have banned the use of antibiotics in feed, leading to higher rates of infection in livestock animals and reduced productivity for the food market. Increasingly, researchers are looking into the efficacy of phytopreparations to replace antibiotics in feed, allowing for increased animal health without the development of resistance. Macleaya cordata, or Chinese plume poppy, shows promise as a food additive. To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of this plant, we tested in vitro activity of M. cordata extract, as well as pure compounds sanguinarine and chelerythrine against wild-type, methicillin-resistant, and multiply-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (SA1199, AH1263, and IA116, respectively). Combination tests to evaluate synergy, additivity, and antagonism within the extract were also completed for the first time. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine showed complete growth inhibition of all strains of S. aureus at concentrations ranging from 3-10 µg/mL, and were equal in activity or were more potent than the reference compound chloramphenicol. Combination studies of pure sanguinarine and chelerythrine with M. cordata extract revealed additivity or indifference of mixture components with these compounds. Because sanguinarine and chelerythrine represent the major active constituents of M. cordata, the pooled amounts of these two compounds may be useful for establishing potency for quality control purposes. This is the first report of activity of chelerythrine and sanguinarine against methicillin-resistant S. aureus AH1263 and multiply-resistant S. aureus IA116, and illustrates the promise of M. cordata extract as an alternative to antibiotics in feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manead Khin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Alan M Jones
- Departments of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nadja B Cech
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Lindsay K Caesar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
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47
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Hu NX, Chen M, Liu YS, Shi Q, Yang B, Zhang HC, Cheng P, Tang Q, Liu ZY, Zeng JG. Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine, chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 42:197-206. [PMID: 30350369 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half-life (t1/2 ) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (Cmax ) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h-1 ·kg-1 ) with a t1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Xi Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Song Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan Institute of Bioengineering, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan-Cheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Pi Cheng
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Tang
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Ying Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,National and Local Union Engineering Research Center for the Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resources and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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48
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Chen J, Kang B, Zhao Y, Yao K, Fu C. Effects of natural dietary supplementation with Macleaya cordata extract containing sanguinarine on growth performance and gut health of early-weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1666-1674. [PMID: 30129225 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Sangrovit® (SAG; minimum of 1.5% sanguinarine, a quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid extracted from Macleaya cordata) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal microflora and its metabolites of early-weaned piglets. A total of 20 healthy weaned piglets (Duroc× [Large White×Landrace]), weaned at 21 days of age with an average body weight (BW) of 6.52 ± 0.23 kg, were randomly assigned to receive either a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CTR) or a basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg SAG (SAG). During the 21-days trial, we collected and analysed intestinal tissues and the luminal digesta for their morphology and populations of gut microbiota, as well as for measuring the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and ammonia. Compared with the CTR group, supplementation with SAG improved average daily gains (p = 0.011) and average daily feed intake (p = 0.037). Piglets fed the SAG diet had an average lower value for crypt depth of the jejunum (p = 0.011) and greater values for villus height in the ileum (p = 0.015) and ratios of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum (p < 0.01) and in the ileum (p = 0.027) than did animals receiving the CTR diet. The addition of SAG increased the amounts of Lactobacillus in the ileum (p = 0.033) and caecum (p < 0.01), and tended to increase the amounts of Bifidobacterium (p = 0.058) in the caecum, while decreasing the amounts of Escherichia coli (p = 0.046) and Salmonella spp. (p = 0.035) in the ileum, as well as Salmonella spp. (p = 0.029) in the caecum. Dietary supplementation with SAG enhanced (p < 0.05) the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total SCFAs, and also tended to increase the level of valerate (p = 0.055 and p = 0.052) in the ileal and caecal contents when compared with the CTR group. Concentrations of ammonia also declined in the caecal (p = 0.037) and ileal (p = 0.046) digesta in response to SAG. These results indicate that feeding early-weaned piglets a SAG-supplemented diet can potentially improve their growth performance and intestinal morphology, and can modify the intestinal luminal environment in a beneficial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baoju Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan, China
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49
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Huang P, Xia L, Liu W, Jiang R, Liu X, Tang Q, Xu M, Yu L, Tang Z, Zeng J. Hairy root induction and benzylisoquinoline alkaloid production in Macleaya cordata. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11986. [PMID: 30097605 PMCID: PMC6086913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine is currently widely used to replace antibiotic growth promoters in animal feeding and has demonstrated useful anticancer activity. Currently, the main source of sanguinarine is from an important medicinal plant, Macleaya cordata. To obtain a new source of sanguinarine production, we established hairy root cultures of M. cordata by co-cultivating leaf and stem explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Except the co-cultivation medium, all growth media contained 200 mg/L timentin to eliminate A. rhizogenes. Through comparing the metabolic profiles and gene expression of hairy roots and wild-type roots sampled at five time points, we found that the sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine contents of hairy roots were far higher than those of wild-type roots, and we revealed the molecular mechanism that causes these metabolites to increase. Consequently, this study demonstrated that the hairy root system has further potential for bioengineering and sustainable production of sanguinarine on a commercial scale. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient protocol reported for the establishment of hairy root cultures in M. cordata using A. rhizogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Liqiong Xia
- School of pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Center of Analytic Service, Hunan Agriculture University, 410208, Changsha, China
| | - Ruolan Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xiubin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Center of Analytic Service, Hunan Agriculture University, 410208, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Min Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Linlan Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | | | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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50
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Huang P, Xia L, Liu W, Jiang R, Liu X, Tang Q, Xu M, Yu L, Tang Z, Zeng J. Hairy root induction and benzylisoquinoline alkaloid production in Macleaya cordata. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 30097605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30560-30560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanguinarine is currently widely used to replace antibiotic growth promoters in animal feeding and has demonstrated useful anticancer activity. Currently, the main source of sanguinarine is from an important medicinal plant, Macleaya cordata. To obtain a new source of sanguinarine production, we established hairy root cultures of M. cordata by co-cultivating leaf and stem explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Except the co-cultivation medium, all growth media contained 200 mg/L timentin to eliminate A. rhizogenes. Through comparing the metabolic profiles and gene expression of hairy roots and wild-type roots sampled at five time points, we found that the sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine contents of hairy roots were far higher than those of wild-type roots, and we revealed the molecular mechanism that causes these metabolites to increase. Consequently, this study demonstrated that the hairy root system has further potential for bioengineering and sustainable production of sanguinarine on a commercial scale. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first efficient protocol reported for the establishment of hairy root cultures in M. cordata using A. rhizogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Liqiong Xia
- School of pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Center of Analytic Service, Hunan Agriculture University, 410208, Changsha, China
| | - Ruolan Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xiubin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- Center of Analytic Service, Hunan Agriculture University, 410208, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Min Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Linlan Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | | | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
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