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Evaluation of antioxidant activity of extracts from Leucosidea sericea. HERBA POLONICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction:
Leucosidea sericea finds applications in the treatment of herpes and HIV.
Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and determine the total flavonoid contents (TFCs) and total phenolic contents (TPCs) of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol crude extracts obtained from leaves and stem-bark of L. sericea.
Methods: Maceration and hot solvent extraction methods were used to obtain various crude extracts. DPPH and ferric reducing power assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity. Colorimetric aluminium chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu methods were used to determine the TFCs and TPCs, respectively.
Results: The methanol leaf extract showed highest radical scavenging activity of 82.00±0.93% at a concentration of 3000 µg/ml followed by ethyl acetate leaf extract and methanol stem-bark extract with 79.40±5.21 and 75.16±1.15%, respectively. Acetone stem-bark extract showed highest ferric reducing power of 0.539±0.004 at 700 nm at a concentration of 100 µg/ml followed by hexane leaf extract and hexane stem-bark extract with 0.474±0.014 and 0.437±0.013 at 700 nm, respectively. Ethyl acetate stem-bark extract showed highest TFCs of 655.6±0.1111 mg QE/g of DW of the extract followed by acetone stem-bark extract with 450.0±0.00711 mg QE/g of DW of the extract. Acetone stem-bark extract showed highest TPCs of 891.9±0.657 mg TAE/g of the DW of extract followed by methanol stem-bark extract with 878.3±0.029 mg TAE/g of DW of the extract.
Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts from leaves and stem-bark of L. sericea was evaluated. L. sericea could be a source of potent antioxidants.
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Aruwa CE, Amoo SO, Koorbanally N, Kudanga T. Enzymatic dimerization of luteolin enhances antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bioactivities of iridoids and flavonoids present in decoctions from aerial parts of Verbascum betonicifolium. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tonisi S, Okaiyeto K, Mabinya LV, Okoh AI. Evaluation of bioactive compounds, free radical scavenging and anticancer activities of bulb extracts of Boophone disticha from Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3559-3569. [PMID: 33304167 PMCID: PMC7715441 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Boophone disticha (B. disticha) is a bulbous tropical and subtropical flowering plant widespread in Africa, which is frequently used to treat several human ailments. Until the present, there is no scientific validation on the biological activity of this plant from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and as a result, this study aimed to assess the bioactive compounds, free radicals scavenging and anticancer potentials of crude bulb extracts (chloroform, acetone, and ethanol) of Boophone disticha obtained from this geographical location. Standard biochemical techniques and Gas-chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis were used to pinpoint the bioactive compounds in the crude extracts sequel to their antioxidant potentials against radicals such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide as well as their ferric ion reducing power. In addition, their cytotoxicity effects against Human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells were assessed as an in vitro model for anticancer. The phytochemical evaluation of the crude extracts showed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. GCMS profiles confirmed the presence of some bioactive compounds in the crude extracts of B. disticha that could be responsible for their biological activities. The plant extracts possessed considerable antioxidant activity and exhibited dose-dependent radicals’ inhibition from all assays carried out. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity effects against HeLa cells recorded inhibition concentration (IC50) of 1.5, 1.6, and 1.9 µg/mL for acetone, chloroform, and ethanolic extracts of B. disticha, respectively. Findings from the present study suggest that B. disticha could be a good prospective source of antioxidant and anticancer agents. Therefore, further research on the isolation and purification of compounds from these extracts are indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kunle Okaiyeto
- Corresponding author at: SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Grasses Used in South African Traditional Medicine. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030371. [PMID: 32192145 PMCID: PMC7154885 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Grasses are a valuable group of monocotyledonous plants, used as nourishing foods and as remedies against diseases for both humans and livestock. Phytochemical profiles of 13 medicinal grasses were quantified, using spectrophotometric methods and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS), while the antioxidant activity was done using DPPH and ferric-reducing-power assays. The phytochemical analysis included the total soluble phenolic content, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, iridoids and phenolic acids. Among the 13 grasses, the root methanolic extracts of Cymbopogon spp., Cymbopogon nardus and Cenchrus ciliaris contained the highest concentrations of total soluble phenolics (27–31 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (4–13 mg CE/g DW). Condensed tannins and total iridoid content were highest (2.3 mg CCE/g DW and 3.2 mg HE/g DW, respectively) in Cymbopogon nardus. The most common phenolic compounds in the grass species included ρ-coumaric, ferulic, salicylic and vanillic acids. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, the EC50 values ranged from 0.02 to 0.11 mg/mL for the different grasses. The best EC50 activity (lowest) was exhibited by Cymbopogon nardus roots (0.02 mg/mL) and inflorescences (0.04 mg/mL), Cymbopogon spp. roots (0.04 mg/mL) and Vetiveria zizanioides leaves (0.06 mg/mL). The highest ferric-reducing power was detected in the whole plant extract of Cynodon dactylon (0.085 ± 0.45; r2 = 0.898). The observed antioxidant activity in the various parts of the grasses may be due to their rich pool of phytochemicals. Thus, some of these grasses provide a source of natural antioxidants and phytochemicals that can be explored for their therapeutic purposes.
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Badeggi UM, Ismail E, Adeloye AO, Botha S, Badmus JA, Marnewick JL, Cupido CN, Hussein AA. Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Capped with Procyanidins from Leucosidea sericea as Potential Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Agents. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030452. [PMID: 32183213 PMCID: PMC7175165 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, procyanidins fractions of dimers and trimers (F1-F2) from the Leucosidea sericea total extract (LSTE) were investigated for their chemical constituents. The total extract and the procyanidins were employed in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and fully characterized. Au NPs of 6, 24 and 21 nm were obtained using LSTE, F1 and F2 respectively. Zeta potential and in vitro stability studies confirmed the stability of the particles. The enzymatic activity of LSTE, F1, F2 and their corresponding Au NPs showed strong inhibitory alpha-amylase activity where F1 Au NPs demonstrated the highest with IC50 of 1.88 µg/mL. On the other hand, F2 Au NPs displayed the strongest alpha-glucosidase activity at 4.5 µg/mL. F2 and F2 Au NPs also demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity, 1834.0 ± 4.7 μM AAE/g and 1521.9 ± 3.0 μM TE/g respectively. The study revealed not only the ability of procyanidins dimers (F1 and F2) in forming biostable and bioactive Au NPs but also, a significant enhancement of the natural products activities, which could improve the smart delivery in future biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar M. Badeggi
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Enas Ismail
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Adewale O. Adeloye
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Subelia Botha
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Jelili A. Badmus
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (J.A.B.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Christopher N. Cupido
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa; (U.M.B.); (E.I.); (A.O.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-959-6193; Fax: +27-21-959-3055
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Aremu AO, Masondo NA, Gruz J, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Potential of Smoke-Water and One of Its Active Compounds (karrikinolide, KAR 1) on the Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activity of Eucomis autumnalis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120611. [PMID: 31816895 PMCID: PMC6943415 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt. subspecies autumnalis is a popular African plant that is susceptible to population decline because the bulbs are widely utilized for diverse medicinal purposes. As a result, approaches to ensure the sustainability of the plants are essential. In the current study, the influence of smoke-water (SW) and karrikinolide (KAR1 isolated from SW extract) on the phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of in vitro and greenhouse-acclimatized Eucomis autumnalis subspecies autumnalis were evaluated. Leaf explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with SW (1:500, 1:1000 and 1:1500 v/v dilutions) or KAR1 (10−7, 10−8 and 10−9 M) and grown for ten weeks. In vitro regenerants were subsequently acclimatized in the greenhouse for four months. Bioactive phytochemicals in different treatments were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS/MS), while antioxidant potential was evaluated using two chemical tests namely: DPPH and the β-carotene model. Smoke-water and KAR1 generally influenced the quantity and types of phytochemicals in in vitro regenerants and acclimatized plants. In addition to eucomic acid, 15 phenolic acids and flavonoids were quantified; however, some were specific to either the in vitro regenerants or greenhouse-acclimatized plants. The majority of the phenolic acids and flavonoids were generally higher in in vitro regenerants than in acclimatized plants. Evidence from the chemical tests indicated an increase in antioxidant activity of SW and KAR1-treated regenerants and acclimatized plants. Overall, these findings unravel the value of SW and KAR1 as potential elicitors for bioactive phytochemicals with therapeutic activity in plants facilitated via in vitro culture systems. In addition, it affords an efficient means to ensure the sustainability of the investigated plant. Nevertheless, further studies focusing on the use of other types of antioxidant test systems (including in vivo model) and the carry-over effect of the application of SW and KAR1 for a longer duration will be pertinent. In addition, the safety of the resultant plant extracts and their pharmacological efficacy in clinical relevance systems is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Correspondence: (A.O.A.); (J.V.S.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 (A.O.A.); +27-33-260-5130 (J.V.S.)
| | - Nqobile Andile Masondo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Jiri Gruz
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.G.); (K.D.)
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.G.); (K.D.)
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (A.O.A.); (J.V.S.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 (A.O.A.); +27-33-260-5130 (J.V.S.)
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Gulumian M, Yahaya ES, Steenkamp V. African Herbal Remedies with Antioxidant Activity: A Potential Resource Base for Wound Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4089541. [PMID: 30595712 PMCID: PMC6282146 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4089541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of traditional herbal remedies as alternative medicine plays an important role in Africa since it forms part of primary health care for treatment of various medical conditions, including wounds. Although physiological levels of free radicals are essential to the healing process, they are known to partly contribute to wound chronicity when in excess. Consequently, antioxidant therapy has been shown to facilitate healing of such wounds. Also, a growing body of evidence suggests that, at least, part of the therapeutic value of herbals may be explained by their antioxidant activity. This paper reviews African herbal remedies with antioxidant activity with the aim of indicating potential resources for wound treatment. Firstly, herbals with identified antioxidant compounds and, secondly, herbals with proven antioxidant activity, but where the compound(s) responsible for the activity has not yet been identified, are listed. In the latter case it has been attempted to ascribe the activity to a compound known to be present in the plant family and/or species, where related activity has previously been documented for another genus of the species. Also, the tests employed to assess antioxidant activity and the potential caveats thereof during assessment are briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Pendota SC, Aremu AO, Slavětínská LP, Rárová L, Grúz J, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Identification and characterization of potential bioactive compounds from the leaves of Leucosidea sericea. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:169-176. [PMID: 29604376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leucosidea sericea is a southern African tree used for treating different diseases including microbial infections and inflammatory-related conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY To isolate and identify the chemicals in Leucosidea sericea which possibly account for the diverse therapeutic effects of the species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaf material was extracted using 20% methanol and subsequently partitioned with different solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol). Resultant fractions were subjected to bioactive (antimicrobial)-guided isolation and the structural elucidation was conducted using NMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopic methods. Given the broad uses of Leucosidea sericea in traditional medicine, the extract, fractions and isolated compounds were evaluated in five (5) biological assays in vitro (antimicrobial, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-inflammatory inhibition as well as cytotoxicity effect). RESULTS As the most active fractions, from ethyl acetate yielded 5,7-dihydroxychromone (1); 1-hydroxy-2-oxopomolic acid (2); 3,5,7,3´,4´-pentahydroxyflavone (3) and Tiliroside (4). For the first time, these four (4) compounds were isolated from leaves of Leucosidea sericea. These aforementioned compounds demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (1.95-125 µg/mL) and noteworthy antifungal (3.9-250 µg/mL) potential. In addition to its noteworthy antimicrobial activity, compound 3 also demonstrated significant antioxidant (EC50 = 14 µg/mL in DPPH assay) and anti-inflammatory (inhibited the level of ELAM by approximately 36% and decreased also the viability of endothelial cells) activities in vitro. Overall, AChE inhibition activity and cytotoxic response was generally weak for the extracts, fractions and isolated compounds. CONCLUSION The pool of chemicals in Leucosidea sericea were enriched with the isolation and identification of four (4) compounds obtained from the leaf extract. Among these compounds, the significant antimicrobial activity of compound 3 provides strong evidence that support the use of Leucosidea sericea for microbial-related infections in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa C Pendota
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague-6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Grúz
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Aruwa CE, Amoo SO, Kudanga T. Opuntia (Cactaceae) plant compounds, biological activities and prospects - A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2018; 112:328-344. [PMID: 30131144 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Opuntia species are utilized as local medicinal interventions for chronic diseases and as food sources mainly because they possess nutritional properties and biological activities. The Opuntia plant is distributed worldwide and has great economic potential. Differences in Opuntia species phytochemical composition exist between wild and domesticated species, and within species. Opuntia aerial and underground parts exhibit beneficial properties due to their phenolic content, other antioxidants (for example ascorbate), pigments (carotenoids, betalains), and other unidentified components. This work comprehensively reviews the phytochemical composition of the different aerial and underground plant parts of Opuntia species. The applications of Opuntia compounds and their biological activities are also discussed. Other topical aspects covered include Opuntia spp. taurine composition, Opuntia side effects, Opuntia by-products valorisation and the role of Opuntia spp. in tackling antimicrobial resistance. Although biological activities have been extensively researched, much less information is available on reaction mechanisms, herbal mixtures toxicology and commercialisation prospects - aspects which should be considered for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Eleojo Aruwa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Stephen O Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Tukayi Kudanga
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Xu H, Yuan ZZ, Ma X, Wang C, Suo YR, Wang HL, Wang XY, Bai B. Triterpenoids with antioxidant activities from Myricaria squamosa. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2018; 20:292-298. [PMID: 28463577 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1321636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new triterpenoid, namely myricarin C (compound 1), together with three known compounds myricarin A (compound 2) and myricarin B (compound 3), 3α-hydroxy-D-friedoolean-14-en-28-oic acid (compound 4), was isolated from the overground part of Myricaria squamosa. Compound 2 and compound 3 existed in the solution by the form of cis-trans isomers. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. The antioxidant properties of all compounds were calculated based on the DPPH radical scavenging activities. Results showed that myricarin A and myricarin C had general antioxidant activities with EC50 values of 40.90 μg/ml, 42.22 μg/ml, respectively, compared to the control, rutin (5.17 μg/ml). The EC50 values of myricarin B was 195.81 μg/ml. Compound 4 had no antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xu
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810008 , China
- d University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Yuan
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810008 , China
- d University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
| | - Xiao Ma
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810008 , China
- d University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , China
| | - Chi Wang
- c Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture , Qinghai University , Xining 810016 , China
| | - You-Rui Suo
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810008 , China
- c Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture , Qinghai University , Xining 810016 , China
| | - Hong-Lun Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810008 , China
- c Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture , Qinghai University , Xining 810016 , China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810008 , China
- b CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering , Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Bo Bai
- a Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research , Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xining 810008 , China
- c Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture , Qinghai University , Xining 810016 , China
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Mafole TC, Aremu AO, Mthethwa T, Moyo M. An overview on Leucosidea sericea Eckl. & Zeyh.: A multi-purpose tree with potential as a phytomedicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 203:288-303. [PMID: 28363524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leucosidea sericea (the sole species in this genus) is a tree species found in southern Africa and possesses several therapeutical effects against infectious diseases in humans and livestock. This review aims to document and summarize the botany, phytochemical and biological properties of Leucosidea sericea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the term 'Leucosidea sericea', we systematically searched literature including library catalogues, academic dissertations and databases such as PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Wanfang. Taxonomy of the species was validated using 'The Plant List' (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS Leucosidea sericea remains a widely used species among the different ethnic groups in southern Africa. The species is a rich source of approximately 50 essential oils and different classes of phytochemicals (phenolics, phloroglucinols, cholestane triterpenoids, alkaloids and saponins) which may account for their diverse biological properties. Documented biological activities which were mainly observed under in vitro systems included antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and anti-inflammatory properties. Preliminary safety tests on Leucosidea sericea extracts suggest moderate cytotoxic effects based on a few cell lines that were investigated. CONCLUSIONS Leucosidea sericea possesses diverse medicinal potential with the antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities being the most prominent. The relative abundance and tendency of Leucosidea sericea to evade in nature suggest an abundant reservoir of raw materials for potential commercialization (upon validation of its pharmacological potential). However, more stringent investigations on the extracts (and isolated bioactive compounds) focusing on the mode of actions, which will inevitably unravel their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical relevance remain pertinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tshepiso C Mafole
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
| | - Thandekile Mthethwa
- Biocatalysis and Technical Biology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mack Moyo
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
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Zhang Y, Wei M, Li W, Wang Y, Wang J. Isolation and identification of highly active anticholinesterase ingredients from fermented soybean products. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2016.1239225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunbin Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyue Wei
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidi Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Shanghai Pechoin Daily Chemical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
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Moyo M, Aremu AO, Chukwujekwu JC, Gruz J, Skorepa J, Doležal K, Katsvanga CA, Van Staden J. Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Properties of Cryptostephanus vansonii
, an Endemic Amaryllid. Phytother Res 2017; 31:713-720. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences; Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Symphony Way, PO Box 1906 Bellville 7535 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O. Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Jude C. Chukwujekwu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Jiri Gruz
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Šlechtitelů 11; 783 71 Olomouc-Holice Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Skorepa
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Šlechtitelů 11; 783 71 Olomouc-Holice Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Šlechtitelů 11; 783 71 Olomouc-Holice Czech Republic
| | - Cuthbert A.T. Katsvanga
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Science; Bindura University of Science Education; Private Bag 1020 Bindura Zimbabwe
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
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Tan WN, Khairuddean M, Wong KC, Tong WY, Ibrahim D. Antioxidant compounds from the stem bark of Garcinia atroviridis. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2016; 18:804-811. [PMID: 26999039 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2016.1160071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new xanthone, namely garcinexanthone G (1), along with eight known compounds, stigmasta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (2), stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (3), 3β-acetoxy-11α,12α-epoxyoleanan-28,13β-olide (4), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (5), 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone (6), 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone (7), kaempferol (8) and quercetin (9), were isolated from the stem bark of Garcinia atroviridis. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-1D and 2D), UV, IR, and mass spectrometry. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant properties based on the DPPH radical scavenging activities. Results showed that 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone and quercetin showed significant antioxidant activities with EC50 values of 16.20 and 12.68 μg/ml, respectively, as compared to the control, ascorbic acid (7.4 μg/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Nee Tan
- a School of Distance Education , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Melati Khairuddean
- b School of Chemical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Keng-Chong Wong
- b School of Chemical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
| | - Woei-Yenn Tong
- c Section of Bioengineering Technology , Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UNIKL) MICET , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Darah Ibrahim
- d Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang , Malaysia
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Vale VV, Vilhena TC, Trindade RCS, Ferreira MRC, Percário S, Soares LF, Pereira WLA, Brandão GC, Oliveira AB, Dolabela MF, De Vasconcelos F. Anti-malarial activity and toxicity assessment of Himatanthus articulatus, a plant used to treat malaria in the Brazilian Amazon. Malar J 2015; 14:132. [PMID: 25888719 PMCID: PMC4379762 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium falciparum has become resistant to some of the available drugs. Several plant species are used for the treatment of malaria, such as Himatanthus articulatus in parts of Brazil. The present paper reports the phyto-chemistry, the anti-plasmodial and anti-malarial activity, as well as the toxicity of H. articulatus. Methods Ethanol and dichloromethane extracts were obtained from the powder of stem barks of H. articulatus and later fractionated and analysed. The anti-plasmodial activity was assessed against a chloroquine resistant strain P. falciparum (W2) in vitro, whilst in vivo anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain) was tested in mice, evaluating the role of oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity - TEAC; lipid peroxidation – TBARS, and nitrites and nitrates - NN). In addition, cytotoxicity was evaluated using the HepG2 A16 cell-line. The acute oral and sub-chronic toxicity of the ethanol extract were evaluated in both male and female mice. Results Plumieride was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract, Only the dichloromethane extract was active against clone W2. Nevertheless, both extracts reduced parasitaemia in P. berghei-infected mice. Besides, a significant reduction in pulmonary and cerebral levels of NN (nitrites and nitrates) was found, as well as in pulmonary TBARS, indicating a reduced oxidative damage to these organs. The ethanol extract showed low cytotoxicity to HepG2 A16 cells in the concentrations used. No significant changes were observed in the in vivo toxicity studies. Conclusions The ethanol extract of H. articulatus proved to be promising as anti-malarial medicine and showed low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdicley V Vale
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, 68075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Thyago C Vilhena
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, 68075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Sandro Percário
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Estresse Oxidativo, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil. .,US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Luciana F Soares
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Washington Luiz A Pereira
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária e Medicina Preventiva, Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal (ISPA), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo C Brandão
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil.
| | - Alaíde B Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, 68075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil. .,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Maria F Dolabela
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, 68075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Flávio De Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, 68075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Palit P, Mukherjee D, Mandal SC. Reconstituted mother tinctures of Gelsemium sempervirens L. improve memory and cognitive impairment in mice scopolamine-induced dementia model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 159:274-284. [PMID: 25459447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) J.St.-Hil is a herb used for the treatment of various neuroses in both homeopathic and Ayurvedic systems. The present study examines whether Gelsemium reconstituted tincture can protect against scopolamine induced cognitive discrepancies in amnesic mouse model. In order to investigate the protective mechanism of Gelsemium against dementia, in vitro acetyl cholinesterase and β-secretase enzyme inhibition and estimation of glutathione level in mouse brain were carried out. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibition study on acetyl cholinesterase and β-secretase enzyme was conducted on brain homogenate supernatant spectrophotometrically using specific substrate. Cognitive enhancement activity was assessed by elevated plus maze and passive avoidance study in scopolamine induced dementia mouse model. Glutathione, an anti-oxidant, was measured spectrophotometrically from scopolamine induced amnesic mice brain supernatant using 5,5'-dithiobis 2-nitrobenzoic acid in the presence and absence of Gelsemium tincture. RESULTS Significant inhibition was found with Gelsemium on AChE and β-secretase enzyme with an IC50 of 9.25 and 16.25 µg/ml, respectively, followed by increasing glutathione levels in comparison to the untreated dementia group. The effect of Gelsemium of scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits was determined by measuring the behavioral parameters and the antioxidant status of the brain after scopolamine (1mg/kg i.p.) injected amnesic mice. Gelsemium significantly demonstrated in vivo anti-dementia activity (60% protection) and increased exploratory behavior. CONCLUSION Our investigations indicated that alkaloid, iridoids and coumarin enriched reconstituted Gelsemium tincture extract displays promising cognitive enhancement in adult mice after short-term oral treatment. Hence, Gelsemium can be a promising anti-dementia agent, mediating the protection against amnesia, attention disorders and learning dysfunctions through dual inhibition of both acetyl cholinesterases (no false positive effect was shown), β-secretase and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Palit
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bidhan Nagar, Durgapur 713206, India.
| | - Dhrubojyoti Mukherjee
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bidhan Nagar, Durgapur 713206, India
| | - Subhash C Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and GC-MS studies on Castanospermum australe A. Cunn. & C. Fraser ex Hook. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:587807. [PMID: 24672339 PMCID: PMC3929379 DOI: 10.1155/2014/587807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Castanospermum australe and to profile phytochemicals by GC-MS. The ethanolic extracts were prepared by successive solvent extraction using Soxhlet apparatus. The analgesic activity was analyzed by hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing test whereas anti-inflammatory study was done by carrageenan induced paw oedema model. The acute toxicity study revealed that ethanol extracts of leaf and bark of C. australe were safe even at a higher dose of 2000 mg/kg whereas ethanol extract of seed was toxic at the same dose. In both hot plate method (5.85 s) and acetic acid-induced writhing test (57%), the leaf ethanol extract exhibited significant analgesic activity (P < 0.001) at a dose of 400 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extract was exhibited by the reduction in paw linear diameter by 64.76% at 400 mg/kg in carrageenan induced paw oedema. The GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract of leaf revealed sixteen major compounds of which 1,7-dimethyl-4,10-dioxa-1,7-diazacyclododecane, (+)-N-methylephedrine, and permethylspermine were found to be pharmaceutically and the most important. These findings justify that C. australe can be a valuable natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory source which seemed to provide potential phytotherapeutics against various ailments.
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Antioxidant, antityrosinase, anticholinesterase, and nitric oxide inhibition activities of three malaysian macaranga species. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:312741. [PMID: 24319356 PMCID: PMC3834986 DOI: 10.1155/2013/312741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The methanol extracts of three Macaranga species (M. denticulata, M. pruinosa, and M. gigantea) were screened to evaluate their total phenolic contents and activities as cholinesterase inhibitors, nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitors, tyrosinase inhibitors, and antioxidants. The bark of M. denticulata showed the highest total phenolic content (2682 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g) and free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.063 mg/mL). All of the samples inhibited linoleic acid peroxidation by greater than 80%, with the leaves of M. gigantea exhibiting the highest inhibition of 92.21%. Most of the samples exhibited significant antioxidant potential. The bark of M. denticulata and the leaves of both M. pruinosa and M. gigantea exhibited greater than 50% tyrosinase inhibition, with the bark of M. denticulata having the highest percentage of inhibition (68.7%). The bark and leaves of M. denticulata exhibited greater than 50% inhibition (73.82% and 54.50%, resp.) of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE), while none of the samples showed any significant inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Only the bark of M. denticulata and M. gigantea displayed greater than 50% inhibition of nitric oxide production in cells (81.79% and 56.51%, resp.). These bioactivities indicate that some Macaranga spp. have therapeutic potential in medicinal research.
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Tang ZX, Shi LE, Aleid SM. Date fruit: chemical composition, nutritional and medicinal values, products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2351-2361. [PMID: 23553505 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Date fruit has served as a staple food in the Arab world for centuries. Worldwide production of date fruit has increased almost threefold over the last 40 years, reaching 7.68 million tons in 2010. Date fruit can provide many essential nutrients and potential health benefits to the consumer. Date fruit goes through four ripening stages named kimri, khalal, rutab and tamer. The main chemical components of date fruit include carbohydrates, dietary fibre, enzymes, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, phenolic acids and carotenoids. The chemical composition of date fruit varies according to ripening stage, cultivar, growing environment, postharvest conditions, etc. The nutritional and medicinal activities of date fruit are related to its chemical composition. Many studies have shown that date fruit has antioxidant, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anticancer and immunostimulant activities. Various date fruit-based products such as date syrup, date paste, date juice and their derived products are available. Date by-products can be used as raw materials for the production of value-added products such as organic acids, exopolysaccharides, antibiotics, date-flavoured probiotic-fermented dairy produce, bakery yeasts, etc. In this paper the chemical composition and nutritional and medicinal values of date fruit as well as date fruit-based products are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xing Tang
- Department of Food Science, Anqing Vocational and Technical College, Anqing, Anhui, China.
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Ferreres F, Grosso C, Gil-Izquierdo A, Valentão P, Andrade PB. Phenolic compounds from Jacaranda caroba (Vell.) A. DC.: Approaches to neurodegenerative disorders. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 57:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Murray AP, Faraoni MB, Castro MJ, Alza NP, Cavallaro V. Natural AChE Inhibitors from Plants and their Contribution to Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Curr Neuropharmacol 2013; 11:388-413. [PMID: 24381530 PMCID: PMC3744903 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11311040004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are an important therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer's disease, efforts are being made in search of new molecules with anti-AChE activity. The fact that naturally-occurring compounds from plants are considered to be a potential source of new inhibitors has led to the discovery of an important number of secondary metabolites and plant extracts with the ability of inhibiting the enzyme AChE, which, according to the cholinergic hypothesis, increases the levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the brain, thus improving cholinergic functions in patients with Alzheimer's disease and alleviating the symptoms of this neurological disorder. This review summarizes a total of 128 studies which correspond to the most relevant research work published during 2006-2012 (1st semester) on plant-derived compounds, plant extracts and essential oils found to elicit AChE inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Murray
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Research Member of CONICET
| | - María Belén Faraoni
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Research Member of CIC
| | - María Julia Castro
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Natalia Paola Alza
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Valeria Cavallaro
- INQUISUR-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Fuku S, Al-Azzawi AM, Madamombe- IT, Mashele S. Phytochemistry and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Asparagus laricinus. INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.312.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yılmaz BS, Altun ML, Orhan IE, Ergene B, Citoglu GS. Enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Viburnum tinus L. relevant to its neuroprotective potential. Food Chem 2013; 141:582-8. [PMID: 23768397 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In vitro neuroprotective activity of the extracts of Viburnum tinus L. was investigated via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase (TYRO) by microtitre plate assays. Their antioxidant activity was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD), super oxide (SO), and nitric oxide (NO) radical-scavenging activities, ferric ion-chelation capacity, ferric- (FRAP), and phosphomolybdenum-reducing antioxidant power (PRAP) assays. Total phenol and flavonoid content of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. The branch-ethyl acetate and fruit-methanol extracts exerted potent anticholinesterase effects (66.4 ± 0.65% to 97.7 ± 0.47%), while the fruit-methanol extract had the highest TYRO inhibition (47.0 ± 0.68%). The methanol extracts showed higher activities in most of the antioxidant tests. All the extracts displayed notable NO-scavenging effects (47.5 ± 5.03% to 74.5 ± 1.80%). Only the fruit-ethyl acetate extract quenched SO radical (38.4 ± 1.01%) at 500 μg ml(-1). Our data indicate that the fruit and branch extracts of V. tinus may provide potential neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Sever Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Plant-made therapeutics: An emerging platform in South Africa. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:449-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Synthesis, characterization, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, molecular modeling and antioxidant activities of some novel Schiff bases derived from 1-(2-ketoiminoethyl)piperazines. Molecules 2011; 16:9316-30. [PMID: 22064271 PMCID: PMC6264571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some novel Schiff bases derived from 1-(2-ketoiminoethyl)piperazines were synthesized and characterized by mass spectroscopy, FTIR, UV-Visible, 1H and 13C-NMR. The compounds were tested for inhibitory activities on human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), antioxidant activities, acute oral toxicity and further studied by molecular modeling techniques. The study identified the compound (DHP) to have the highest activity among the series in hAChE inhibition and DPPH assay while the compound LP revealed the highest activity in the FRAP assay. The hAChE inhibitory activity of DHP is comparable with that of propidium, a known AChE inhibitor. This high activity of DHP was checked by molecular modeling which showed that DHP could not be considered as a bivalent ligand due to its incapability to occupy the esteratic site (ES) region of the 3D crystal structure of hAChE. The antioxidant study unveiled varying results in 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. This indicates mechanistic variations of the compounds in the two assays. The potential therapeutic applications and safety of these compounds were suggested for use as human acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and antioxidants.
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