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Masondo NA, Gupta S, Moyo M, Aremu AO. Editorial: The application of phytohormones in plant biotechnology for sustainable agriculture. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1382055. [PMID: 38504882 PMCID: PMC10948594 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1382055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nqobile A. Masondo
- Agricultural Research Council – Vegetable Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shubhpriya Gupta
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czechia
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Mack Moyo
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O. Aremu
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Mahachi LN, Chikwanha OC, Katiyatiya CL, Marufu MC, Aremu AO, Mapiye C. Meat production, quality, and oxidative shelf-life of Haemonchus-parasitised and non-parasitised lambs fed incremental levels of sericea lespedeza substituted for lucerne. Meat Sci 2023; 195:109009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Youssef FS, Ramadan MF, Echeverria Moran V, Aremu AO, Mamadalieva NZ. Editorial: Potential of natural products as drug leads possessing antioxidant and anti-aging properties. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1094950. [PMID: 36569304 PMCID: PMC9782410 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1094950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fadia S. Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt,*Correspondence: Fadia S. Youssef,
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valentina Echeverria Moran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile,Research and Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, United States
| | - Adeyemi O. Aremu
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva
- S. Yu. Yunusov Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan (UzAS), Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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Aremu AO, Rosado-Aguilar JA, McGaw LJ. Editorial: Alternative and complementary methods for the control of infectious diseases in animals. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1015253. [PMID: 36187815 PMCID: PMC9521672 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1015253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O. Aremu
- School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - José Alberto Rosado-Aguilar
- Campus of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Mérida, Mexico
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Lyndy J. McGaw
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O. Aremu
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre
North West University
Potchefstroom
South Africa
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Hamed MA, Akhigbe TM, Akhigbe RE, Aremu AO, Oyedokun PA, Gbadamosi JA, Anifowose PE, Adewole MA, Aboyeji OO, Yisau HO, Tajudeen GO, Titiloye MM, Ayinla NF, Ajayi AF. Glutamine restores testicular glutathione-dependent antioxidant defense and upregulates NO/cGMP signaling in sleep deprivation-induced reproductive dysfunction in rats. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 148:112765. [PMID: 35247715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked with sleep deprivation (SD)-induced pathological conditions and reproductive dysfunction. On the other hand, glutamine has been established to have antioxidant property. However, the impact of SD, with or without glutamine, on male reproductive function is yet to be elucidated. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the role of SD, with or without glutamine, on male reproductive function and possible associated mechanisms. Ten-week old male Wistar rats weighing 175.6 g± 0.42 were randomly assigned into vehicle that received per os (p.o.) distilled water, glutamine (1 g/kg; po), SD, and SD + glutamine that received treatments as glutamine and SD. Treatment/exposure lasted for 72 h. The results showed that SD led to reduced body weight, seminiferous luminal and epididymal sperm density, low sperm quality, increased testicular and epididymal malondialdehyde, uric acid, DNA fragmentation, and testicular injury markers. In addition, SD caused a reduction in reduced glutathione level and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Also, SD increased tumor necrotic factor-α, interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor-kappa B levels. Furthermore SD led to impaired libido and erectile dysfunction, and suppression of circulatory nitric oxide, gonadotropins and testosterone, and penile cGMP. However, glutamine attenuated the effects induced by SD. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrate that SD induces reproductive dysfunction via glutathione-dependent defense depletion and down-regulation of NO/cGMP signaling, which was abolished by glutamine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hamed
- Brainwill Laboratories and Biomedical Services, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - T M Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - R E Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - A O Aremu
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - P A Oyedokun
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - J A Gbadamosi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - P E Anifowose
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M A Adewole
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O O Aboyeji
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - H O Yisau
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - G O Tajudeen
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M M Titiloye
- Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - N F Ayinla
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - A F Ajayi
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Aremu AO, Pendota SC. Medicinal Plants for Mitigating Pain and Inflammatory-Related Conditions: An Appraisal of Ethnobotanical Uses and Patterns in South Africa. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:758583. [PMID: 34744737 PMCID: PMC8569556 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In South Africa, traditional medicine remains the first point of call for a significant proportion of the population seeking primary healthcare needs. This is particularly important for treating common conditions including pain and inflammation which are often associated with many disease conditions. This review focuses on the analysis of the trend and pattern of plants used for mitigating pain and inflammatory-related conditions in South African folk medicine. An extensive search was conducted using various scientific databases and popular ethnobotanical literature focusing on South African ethnobotany. Based on the systematic analysis, 38 sources were selected to generate the inventory of 495 plants from 99 families that are considered as remedies for pain and inflammatory-related conditions (e.g., headache, toothache, backache, menstrual pain, and rheumatism) among different ethnic groups in South Africa. The majority (55%) of the 38 studies were recorded in three provinces, namely, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, and Western Cape. In terms of the number of mentions, the most popular plants used for pain and inflammatory-related conditions in South Africa were Ricinus communis L. (10), Aloe ferox Mill. (8), Pentanisia prunelloides subsp. latifolia (Hochst.) Verdc. (8), Dodonaea viscosa Jacq var. angustifolia (L.f) Benth. (8), (L.) W.T.Aiton. (7) Ruta graveolens L. (7), and Solanum aculeastrum Dunal. (7). The top five plant families represented were Asteraceae (13%), Fabaceae (8%), Apocynaceae (4.3%), Asparagaceae (4%), and Lamiaceae (4%). An estimated 54% of the recorded plants were woody (trees and shrubs) in nature, while the leaves (27%) and roots (25%) were the most dominant plant parts. The use of plants for alleviating pain and inflammatory-related conditions remains popular in South African folk medicine. The lagging ethnobotanical information from provinces such as North West, Gauteng, and Free State remains a gap that needs to be pursued meticulously in order to have a complete country-wide database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa.,School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - Srinivasa C Pendota
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
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Chakale MV, Mwanza M, Aremu AO. Ethnoveterinary Knowledge and Biological Evaluation of Plants Used for Mitigating Cattle Diseases: A Critical Insight Into the Trends and Patterns in South Africa. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:710884. [PMID: 34490402 PMCID: PMC8417044 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.710884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle farming is a traditional agricultural system that contribute to the rural economic, social and cultural values of the communities. Cattle as common with other livestock, are affected by many diseases that cause mortality and economic losses. In many rural households, the use of plants and associated knowledge are popular for managing cattle diseases especially in areas experiencing challenges with conventional veterinary medicine. Evidence on the documentation of indigenous knowledge and biological evaluation of plants used against cattle diseases remain understudied and fragmented. The aim of the review is to collate and analyse the ethnoveterinary knowledge and biological evaluation of plants used against cattle diseases in South Africa. Different scientific databases were systematically explored to extract data from 37 eligible studies. A total of 310 medicinal plants from 81 families used to treat 10 categories of cattle diseases across seven (7) provinces in South Africa. Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Compositae (Astereceae), Asparagaceae, and Xanthorrhoeaceae were the most frequently used plant families. Common plant parts used were leaves and roots. Twenty-seven (27) combination remedies involving 2–6 plants were identified as treatment regimes against cattle diseases. Common preparation methods were infusion and decoction while the administration mode was predominantly unspecified (52%) while oral and topical contributed 26 and 22%, respectively. In terms of diseases, the most treated ones were general systems infection, reproduction disorders and gastrointestinal problems. Currently, an estimated 21% of the 310 plants have been evaluated for diverse biological activities using relevant bioassays related to cattle diseases. Antibacterial activity remained the most studied biological activity. Evidence from the review revealed the significance of ethnoveterinary medicine against cattle diseases especially in rural areas of South Africa. Nevertheless, the use of plants for cattle diseases among other ethnic groups, particularly in the Northern Cape and Western Cape, remain under-studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mompati V Chakale
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Mulunda Mwanza
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa.,Centre for Animal Health Studies, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Makhaye G, Aremu AO, Gerrano AS, Tesfay S, Du Plooy CP, Amoo SO. Biopriming with Seaweed Extract and Microbial-Based Commercial Biostimulants Influences Seed Germination of Five Abelmoschus esculentus Genotypes. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10071327. [PMID: 34209837 PMCID: PMC8309018 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination is a crucial step in plant propagation, as it controls seedling production, stand establishment and ultimately crop yield. Approaches that can promote seed germination of valuable crops remain of great interest globally. The current study evaluated the effect of biostimulant (Kelpak® and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria—PGPR) biopriming on the seed germination of five (VI037996, VI046567, VI055421, VI050956, and VI033796) Abelmoschus esculentus genotypes. The germination responses of the bio-primed seeds were measured using six parameters, including final germination percentage (FGP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG), germination rate index (GRI), and time spread of germination (TSG). Biostimulant application significantly affected MGT (1.1–2.2 days), CVG (1.4–5.9), and TSG (1.2–3.0 days). Genotype also significantly influenced the TSG (1–3 days). Significant interaction effect of biostimulant treatment and genotype was evident on the FGP, GI, and GRI of the germinated seeds. The most noteworthy effect was demonstrated by Kelpak® (1:100) applied to genotype VI037996, with significantly improved FGP (82%), GI (238), and GRI (77%/day) when compared to the control. Overall, the current findings suggest the potential stimulatory effect of biostimulants (especially Kelpak®) on the germination of Abelmoschus esculentus seeds. However, this influence was strongly dependent on the type of genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugulethu Makhaye
- Agricultural Research Council–Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (G.M.); (A.S.G.); (C.P.D.P.)
- Discipline of Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa;
| | - Adeyemi O. Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
- Correspondence: (A.O.A.); (S.O.A.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 (A.O.A.); +27-12-808-8000 (S.O.A.)
| | - Abe Shegro Gerrano
- Agricultural Research Council–Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (G.M.); (A.S.G.); (C.P.D.P.)
- Crop Science Department, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa
| | - Samson Tesfay
- Discipline of Horticultural Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa;
| | - Christian P. Du Plooy
- Agricultural Research Council–Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (G.M.); (A.S.G.); (C.P.D.P.)
| | - Stephen O. Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council–Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (G.M.); (A.S.G.); (C.P.D.P.)
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa
- Correspondence: (A.O.A.); (S.O.A.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 (A.O.A.); +27-12-808-8000 (S.O.A.)
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Moroole MA, Materechera SA, Otang-Mbeng W, Aremu AO. African indigenous contraception: A review. Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 24:173-184. [PMID: 34077082 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2020/v24i4.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In Africa, indigenous methods of contraception continue to play a significant role in preventing unwanted pregnancies despite the introduction and popularity of modern contraceptives. The current review identified the common techniques and practices of African indigenous contraception, and examined their mechanisms and reasons for use. We searched data bases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCohost, African Journals, Science Direct, textbooks, thesis and dissertations for research articles on African indigenous contraception. The six common techniques of African indigenous contraception included periodic abstinence, withdrawal, breastfeeding, use of herbs, postpartum abstinence and waist bands, whilst practices relate to child (birth) spacing, postponement of first birth (virginity), stopping of reproduction and indigenous emergency contraception. Mother and infant health was stated as one of the reasons for using African indigenous contraception. African indigenous contraception continues to play a critical reproductive role in preventing unwanted pregnancies. However, there is lack of clarity regarding mechanisms, the safety, and efficacy of some techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molelekwa A Moroole
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, North West Province, South Africa
| | - Simeon A Materechera
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, North West Province, South Africa
| | - Wilfred Otang-Mbeng
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela Campus, P/bag X11283, Nelspruit, 1200, Mpumalanga, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Mail Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, North West Province, South Africa
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Akhigbe RE, Hamed MA, Aremu AO. HAART exacerbates testicular damage and impaired spermatogenesis in anti-Koch-treated rats via dysregulation of lactate transport and glutathione content. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:96-107. [PMID: 34118364 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is an effective anti-retroviral cocktail. Similarly, anti-Koch is highly potent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, these drugs have been shown to impair male fertility. This study investigated the impact of HAART and anti-Koch, when used alone and co-administered, on testicular and sperm integrity. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were assigned randomly into four groups (n = 8), namely normal control, HAART-treated, anti-Koch-treated, and HAART + anti-Koch-treated. The doses of drugs were the human equivalent doses for rats. Administration was once daily per os and lasted for eight weeks. HAART aggravated anti-Koch-induced reduction in testicular and penile weights. In addition, anti-Koch also led to a distortion of testicular cytoarchitecture, disturbed spermatogenesis, and caused low sperm quality, including sperm dysmotility. More so, anti-Koch led to a significant elevation of uric acid and dysregulation of testicular lactate transport and glutathione content. These events were accompanied by enhanced lipid peroxidation and inflammation of the testicular tissue and reduced testicular and sperm DNA integrity. These adverse effects of anti-Koch were aggravated by co-administration of HAART. Thus, our results infer that HAART exacerbates anti-Koch-induced impairment of spermatogenesis and testicular and sperm toxicity through up-regulation of uric acid generation and dysregulation of lactate transport and glutathione system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Akhigbe
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Kings University, Odeomu, Osun, Nigeria.
| | - M A Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Buntai Medical and Diagnostic Laboratories, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - A O Aremu
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Morbid Anatomy, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Olasinde YT, Idowu A, Olasinde A, Aremu AO, Ogunlaja OA. Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among Mothers of Children 6-23 Months Old Attending the Immunisation Clinic of a Private Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2021; 38:445-453. [PMID: 34051716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, childhood malnutrition remains a major public health issue. It is thus imperative to contextually analyse Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices in resource-poor settings like Nigeria. STUDY OBJECTIVES This study assessed key complementary feeding indicators among 6-23-month-old children attending the immunization clinic of Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY Cross-Sectional design was employed, and Systematic Random Technique used to recruit 198 consenting caregivers. Validated interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. RESULTS Mean±SD age of the children was 11.27±5.16 months. Only 57.6% of the infants had breastfeeding within 1-hour of life. Not less than 91.4% of the infants had Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) but Infant formula was the main breastmilk substitute among children without EBF. In all, 83.0% of the infants had Minimum Meal Diversity, 90.4% had Minimum Meal Frequency but only 57.6% had Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD). The significant predictors of MAD were early commencement of breastfeeding, reception of complementary feeding counselling during pregnancy, EBF practice and whether the child had MUAC which was at least 11cm. CONCLUSION IYCF practices was sub-optimal in the studysetting. There is urgent need for policy makers to design evidence-informed strategic framework for effective implementation and evaluation of the existing IYCF policy in Nigeria. Emphasis should be placed on complementary feeding education/counselling using relevant Information, Education and Communication (IEC) channels/materials. Good IYCF practices ensure optimum child growth/ development, prevent childhood diseases, and can ultimately help Nigeria to attain SDG-3 by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Olasinde
- Departments of Paediatrics, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - A Idowu
- Department of Community Medicine, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - A Olasinde
- Civil Service Hospital, Ilorin, kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A O Aremu
- Department of Community Medicine, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O A Ogunlaja
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Oni OO, Akinwusi PO, Odeyemi AO, Israel GM, Ala O, Akande JO, Oke EO, Durodola A, Idowu A, Israel OK, Aremu AO. Hypertension and its Clinical Correlates in a Rural Community in South Western Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2021; 38:223-240. [PMID: 33765371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular risk factor globally and is a cause of untold morbidity and mortality. However, its clinical correlates at the community level have not been well elucidated. METHODS History taking, anthropometric measurements, electrocardiograms and laboratory investigations were done for all the study subjects. Ethical approval was obtained from the institution's ethical body. Analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Two hundred people were recruited for the study. The prevalence of hypertension in the community was 58.5% with 31(15.5%) being newly diagnosed. The Body Mass Index [BMI] (28.2±6vs 25.6±5.3; P=0.003),Waist-Hip ratio (0.9±0.08 vs 0.86±0.06; p= 0.001), total cholesterol (5.675±1.8 vs 4.6±1.7, P=0.000), triglycerides (1.19±0.85 vs 0.91±0.59; p=0.019), LDL cholesterol (3.38±1.6 vs 2.66±1.5; p=0.002), heart rate (82.4±15.8 vs 76.8±11.2; p=0.018) QRS duration (84.8±13.4 vs 80.5±11.2; p=0.040), and QTc (0.423±0.041 vs 0.402±0.035; p=0.001) were higher in those with hypertension. NYHA functional class was worse in hypertensives (p=0.041). Prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensives ranged from 2.6 to 48.2%, depending on the criteria used. Systolic blood pressure, pulse pressures, HDL levels and hip circumferences were higher in those with electrocardiographic LVH. Systolic blood pressure (OR:1.045, P=0.006; CI: 1.013-1.079) and a normal BMI (OR: 0.159, p= 0.004; CI: 0.045-0.559) were the independent predictors of LVH in this study. CONCLUSION The prevalence of hypertension is rising, even in rural populations, with accompanying LVH, higher QTc and florid cardiovascular risk factors. It is therefore imperative to tighten the reins of control of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors before the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality explode in the rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Oni
- Departments of Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State
| | - P O Akinwusi
- Department of Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, State
| | - A O Odeyemi
- Departments of Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State
| | - G M Israel
- Departments of Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State
| | - O Ala
- Departments of Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State
| | - J O Akande
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Bowen University, Iwo, State
| | - E O Oke
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Bowen University, Iwo, State
| | - A Durodola
- Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State
| | - A Idowu
- Community Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State
| | - O K Israel
- Community Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State
| | - A O Aremu
- Departments of Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State
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Adebayo SA, Amoo SO, Mokgehle SN, Aremu AO. Ethnomedicinal uses, biological activities, phytochemistry and conservation of African ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus): A commercially important and endangered medicinal plant. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 266:113459. [PMID: 33039627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In sub-Saharan Africa, African ginger (Siphonochilus aethiopicus) is used for treating common illnesses including colds, coughs, inflammation and related symptoms. The available literature survey on this plant provided scarce anecdotal information, particularly in western and eastern Africa, with a few reports on its bioactivity. In addition, the indigenous knowledge and conservation strategies of this economically important and critically endangered species are currently fragmented. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review entails a critical appraisal of existing literature on the ethnomedicinal uses, biological activities, phytochemicals, research opportunities and prospects for the sustainable use of S. aethiopicus. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review was conducted using a comprehensive literature search on the ethnomedicinal uses, biological activities and phytochemistry of S. aethiopicus throughout its distributional range. The conservation status and associated bio-economy potential of African ginger were also assessed. We searched different online databases (e.g. Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Scopus) for peer-reviewed journals, conference outputs, international, regional and national organizational reports, published books and theses. RESULTS We established that S. aethiopicus is used to treat a wide variety of ailments such as respiratory problems (including cough, influenza), pain, inflammation and malaria. Extracts of African ginger are used as an ingredient in some commercialised products for nutraceutical, cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical purposes. The rhizome extract demonstrated anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplasmodial activities, which led to the development of a patented novel extract for treating asthma and allergies. Phytochemical analysis of leaf, root and rhizome extracts of African ginger revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic acids, volatile and essential oils as the major constituents. These phytochemicals are known to possess bioactivities such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Particularly, the bioactive compounds, siphonochilone and eucalyptol, found in the roots and rhizomes have demonstrated potential to be used in remedies for treating asthma and allergic reactions. Furthermore, extracts of S. aethiopicus contained natural anti-inflammatory mediators with potential to combat and manage chronic inflammation. This plant is classified on the Red List of South African Plants as a critically endangered plant. Its high risk of extinction due to its unsustainable harvesting and exploitation necessitates its rapid propagation and cultivation to meet its increasing demand. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights the therapeutic potential of S. aethiopicus and rational prioritization of this plant species with the potential for isolating new bioactive compounds. In the light of the use of this plant extract in traditional medicine and many commercial products, there is a heightened need to explore the mechanism(s) of action of the identified extracts and bioactive compounds in order to fully understand their pharmacokinetics and probably elucidate the pathways of their activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salmon A Adebayo
- Agricultural Research Council, Vegetables and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Stephen O Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council, Vegetables and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2790, North West Province, South Africa; Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
| | - Salmina N Mokgehle
- Agricultural Research Council, Vegetables and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2790, North West Province, South Africa; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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15
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Abstract
Cleome gynandra (Syn. Gynandropsis gynandra) is fast emerging as one of the most widely consumed leafy vegetables due to its nutrition and health-promoting properties. In addition to its high nutritional content, the plant has a rich pool of diverse antioxidant phytochemicals. The current review provides a critical appraisal on the increasing nutritional significance of Cleome gynandra due to its rich pool of natural bioactive compounds and beneficial health-promoting qualities. The rich nutritional content especially the high levels of macro- and micronutrients is an indication of its potential to mitigate malnutrition and the increasing incidence of diet-related obesity and non-communicable diseases. The presence of health-promoting natural compounds, notably polyphenols, glucosinates and terpernoids has been confirmed in Cleome gynandra using different analytical methods. Cleome gynandra possesses high levels of α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, violaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin. These nutritional compounds could be useful in food applications as supplements, colorants and extending shelf-life of food products. Cleome gynandra extracts have demonstrated promising effects in several biological assays using in vitro and in vivo systems. Clearly, diversified diets that include a regular intake of dark green leafy vegetables including Cleome gynandra, holds great promise in ensuring food and nutrition security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa.,Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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Keabadile OP, Aremu AO, Elugoke SE, Fayemi OE. Green and Traditional Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles-Comparative Study. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2502. [PMID: 33327366 PMCID: PMC7764311 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study compared the synthesis, characterization and properties of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO) based on green and traditional chemical methods. The synthesized CuO were confirmed by spectroscopic and morphological characterization such as ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersed X-ray (EDX). Electrochemical behavior of the modified electrodes was done using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in ferricyanide/ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN)6]4-/[Fe(CN)6]3-) redox probe. As revealed by UV spectrophotometer, the absorption peaks ranged from 290-293 nm for all synthesized nanoparticles. Based on SEM images, CuO were spherical in shape with agglomerated particles. Zeta potential revealed that the green CuO have more negative surface charge than the chemically synthesized CuO. The potential of the green synthesized nanoparticles was higher relative to the chemically synthesized one. Cyclic voltammetry studies indicated that the traditional chemically synthesized CuO and the green CuO have electrocatalytic activity towards the ferricyanide redox probe. This suggests that the green CuO can be modified with other nanomaterials for the preparation of electrochemical sensors towards analytes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obakeng P. Keabadile
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (O.P.K.); (S.E.E.)
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O. Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa;
| | - Saheed E. Elugoke
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (O.P.K.); (S.E.E.)
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Omolola E. Fayemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; (O.P.K.); (S.E.E.)
- Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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Mahachi LN, Chikwanha OC, Katiyatiya CL, Marufu MC, Aremu AO, Mapiye C. Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza juncea var. sericea) for sustainable small ruminant production: Feed, helminth suppressant and meat preservation capabilities. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Odeyemi AO, Oni OO, Israel GM, Ala OA, Akande JO, Idowu A, Israel OK, Aremu AO, Oke EO, Akinwusi PO. Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea among Adults in a Rural Community in Southwest Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2020; 37:750-756. [PMID: 33296483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common medical condition which has long been recognized as a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in developed countries but that remains underdiagnosed, particularly in rural communities. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of adults who have a high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea in a sample of adults living in Ejigbo, a rural community in south western Nigeria. METHODS This was a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study done to assess the prevalence of high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea in adult residents of the community using the STOP-BANG questionnaire. Data collected include socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and blood pressure. A blood sample was also taken for lipid profile. Factors associated with a high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea were identified. RESULTS The study involved 257 participants out of which 88 (34.2%) had a high risk of OSA. Risk of obstructive sleep apnoea was significantly associated with male sex (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (p=0.001), neck circumference (p<0.001), cigarette smoking (p=0.039) and low density lipoprotein (p=0.043). CONCLUSION Obstructive sleep apnoea is relatively common in the study area. This calls for urgent preventive measures to stem the tide and mitigate the associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Odeyemi
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O O Oni
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - G M Israel
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O A Ala
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - J O Akande
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - A Idowu
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O K Israel
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - A O Aremu
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - E O Oke
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - P O Akinwusi
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
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Aremu AO, Fawole OA, Makunga NP, Masondo NA, Moyo M, Buthelezi NMD, Amoo SO, Spíchal L, Doležal K. Applications of Cytokinins in Horticultural Fruit Crops: Trends and Future Prospects. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091222. [PMID: 32842660 PMCID: PMC7563339 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are a chemically diverse class of plant growth regulators, exhibiting wide-ranging actions on plant growth and development, hence their exploitation in agriculture for crop improvement and management. Their coordinated regulatory effects and cross-talk interactions with other phytohormones and signaling networks are highly sophisticated, eliciting and controlling varied biological processes at the cellular to organismal levels. In this review, we briefly introduce the mode of action and general molecular biological effects of naturally occurring CKs before highlighting the great variability in the response of fruit crops to CK-based innovations. We present a comprehensive compilation of research linked to the application of CKs in non-model crop species in different phases of fruit production and management. By doing so, it is clear that the effects of CKs on fruit set, development, maturation, and ripening are not necessarily generic, even for cultivars within the same species, illustrating the magnitude of yet unknown intricate biochemical and genetic mechanisms regulating these processes in different fruit crops. Current approaches using genomic-to-metabolomic analysis are providing new insights into the in planta mechanisms of CKs, pinpointing the underlying CK-derived actions that may serve as potential targets for improving crop-specific traits and the development of new solutions for the preharvest and postharvest management of fruit crops. Where information is available, CK molecular biology is discussed in the context of its present and future implications in the applications of CKs to fruits of horticultural significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O. Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa;
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa
- Correspondence: (A.O.A.); (O.A.F.); (N.P.M.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 (A.O.A.); +27-11-559-7237 (O.A.F.); +27-21-808-3061 (N.P.M.)
| | - Olaniyi A. Fawole
- Postharvest Research Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (A.O.A.); (O.A.F.); (N.P.M.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 (A.O.A.); +27-11-559-7237 (O.A.F.); +27-21-808-3061 (N.P.M.)
| | - Nokwanda P. Makunga
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
- Correspondence: (A.O.A.); (O.A.F.); (N.P.M.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 (A.O.A.); +27-11-559-7237 (O.A.F.); +27-21-808-3061 (N.P.M.)
| | - Nqobile A. Masondo
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
| | - Mack Moyo
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa;
| | - Nana M. D. Buthelezi
- Postharvest Research Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa;
| | - Stephen O. Amoo
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa;
- Postharvest Research Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa;
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (K.D.)
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (K.D.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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McGaw LJ, Famuyide IM, Khunoana ET, Aremu AO. Ethnoveterinary botanical medicine in South Africa: A review of research from the last decade (2009 to 2019). J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 257:112864. [PMID: 32302713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM) practices remain a common feature of South African animal husbandry, particularly in rural livestock healthcare. This review provides an update of research undertaken on South African EVM from 2009 until 2019. AIM OF THE STUDY This review collates information and investigates trends in the increasing field of EVM research in South Africa over the last decade. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted using available databases including ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Dissertations, theses, books and technical reports were also searched. RESULTS In the past decade, ethnoveterinary surveys conducted in South Africa report the use of 139 plants from 50 families used against 21 animal diseases and conditions. Leaves, roots and bark have remained popular plant parts used for EVM. In terms of livestock species reported, the major focus was on cattle, goats and poultry. Only four of the nine provinces in the country have been surveyed. CONCLUSIONS Relatively few publications reporting on ethnoveterinary surveys have originated from South Africa. These papers refer to many plants used for a variety of commonly encountered animal diseases and afflictions. With reference to recently published guidelines on conducting ethnobotanical surveys, several recommendations can be made to improve the robustness of surveys documenting the use of plants for EVM in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Ibukun M Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Edward T Khunoana
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, North West Province, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, North West Province, South Africa
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Lawal IO, Olufade II, Rafiu BO, Aremu AO. Ethnobotanical Survey of Plants Used for Treating Cough Associated with Respiratory Conditions in Ede South Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:plants9050647. [PMID: 32443771 PMCID: PMC7286022 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In many developing countries, community members depend on their local flora for treating diverse ailments including those affecting the respiratory system. This is often attributed to the high cost and limited access to health care facilities. This present study focused on the documentation of plant species used against cough associated with the respiratory diseases in Ede South Local Government Area of Osun State. The survey was conducted using semi-structured interviews among 100 participants. Information obtained was analyzed using different ethno-botanical indices including relative frequency of citation (RFC) and fidelity level (FL). A total of 87 plant species from 39 families, which was mostly represented by Fabaceae, were reported in the study area. Crinum jagus was the most popular plant used against cough and approximately 32% of the plants have been reported as cough remedies for the first time. However, some of the documented plants have been reported for the treatment of cough and related respiratory diseases in several countries. In terms of the life-form, trees constituted the highest proportion of the medicinal plants (37%), while leaves (36%) were the predominant plant part prescribed for cough. Decoction was the main method of preparing the plants, which were all administered orally. Approximately 63% of the plants were exclusively sourced from the wild. The current study revealed the richness and widespread use of plant species for managing cough associated with respiratory diseases in the study area. The generated inventory contributes to the expanding database of valuable plant resources with medicinal potential in Nigeria and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem Oduola Lawal
- Biomedicinal Research Centre, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Private Bag 5054 Forest hill, Ibadan 200272, Oyo State, Nigeria;
- Correspondence: (I.O.L.); (A.O.A.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 (A.O.A.)
| | | | - Basirat Olabisi Rafiu
- Biomedicinal Research Centre, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Private Bag 5054 Forest hill, Ibadan 200272, Oyo State, Nigeria;
| | - Adeyemi O. Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, South Africa
- Correspondence: (I.O.L.); (A.O.A.); Tel.: +27-18-389-2573 (A.O.A.)
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Vambe M, Naidoo D, Aremu AO, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Bioassay-guided purification, GC-MS characterization and quantification of phyto-components in an antibacterial extract of Searsia lancea leaves. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:4658-4662. [PMID: 31820661 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1700251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytocompounds in an aqueous methanol (70% MeOH) leaf extract of Searsia lancea were separated using liquid-liquid partitioning techniques and gravity-assisted column chromatography. The resultant fractions were screened for antibacterial properties (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC) against four bacterial strains (Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus). Bioactive fractions were purified using preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) and subjected to further antibacterial screening. Phytocompounds in antibacterial sub-fractions were characterized and quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). An ethyl acetate sub-fraction purified from the aqueous methanol extracts of the leaves demonstrated potent antibacterial properties (MIC range: 31-61 µg/ml against E. faecalis and S. aureus). Based on GC-MS analysis, 81.5% of the sub-fraction consisted of broad-spectrum antibacterial compounds namely tetracosanol (43.98%) and nonadecanol (37.5%). Current research findings support the traditional use of S. lancea leaves to manage gastro-intestinal disorders and gonorrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vambe
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - D Naidoo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - A O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - J F Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - J Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Mwinga JL, Asong JA, Amoo SO, Nkadimeng SM, McGaw LJ, Aremu AO, Otang-Mbeng W. In vitro antimicrobial effects of Hypoxis hemerocallidea against six pathogens with dermatological relevance and its phytochemical characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 242:112048. [PMID: 31265885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hypoxis hemerocallidea (commonly known as African Potato) is popular in African traditional medicine. It is used in the management of diverse ailments including burns, wounds and skin-related diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study investigated the antimicrobial effects of Hypoxis hemerocallidea against six microorganisms associated with skin diseases. In addition, the antioxidant activity, phytochemical profiles and cytotoxicity of the bulb extracts were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antimicrobial activity of 50% methanol (MeOH) and petroleum ether (PE) extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea bulbs was tested against two bacterial and four fungal strains implicated in causing opportunistic skin-related diseases. Antioxidant potential of the extract was investigated via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and β-carotene linoleic acid model. Phytochemical profiling of the 50% MeOH extract of Hypoxis hemerocallidea was done using spectrophotometric assay and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The extracts were also evaluated for cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero kidney cell lines based on the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. RESULTS Both 50% MeOH and PE extracts showed considerable inhibitory effects against all six microorganisms. The extracts were potent against Shigella flexneri and Trichophyton tonsurans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values less than 1 mg/ml. However, there was relatively poor antifungal activity against the other fungal strains. In the DPPH assay, the MeOH extract of the bulb had an EC50 of 29.8 μg/ml while 76.91% antioxidant activity was observed in the β-carotene-linoleic acid model. The extract contained total phenolics (41 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (10 mg CE/g). The GC-MS analysis of Hypoxis hemerocallidea bulb revealed 29 and 160 bioactive compounds for 50% MeOH and PE extracts, respectively. Based on the cytotoxicity, Hypoxis hemerocallidea had LC50 value of 210.9 ± 18.4 and 95.5 ± 13.3 μg/ml for PE and MeOH extracts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The bulb extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea exhibited good antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, which could be attributed to the presence of phenolics, flavonoids and the other bioactive compounds identified through GC-MS, making it a potentially effective cosmetic plant. These findings also account for the multi-pharmacological use of Hypoxis hemerocallidea in traditional medicine, especially related to skin diseases. The plant extracts can be considered as safe based on their LC50 values (< 20 μg/ml). However, other form of cytotoxicity studies need to be carried out on Hypoxis hemerocallidea, as well as in vivo tests, to confirm its safety and efficacy as a treatment for skin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Mwinga
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - John A Asong
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Stephen O Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council, Vegetables and Ornamental Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Sanah M Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, North West Province, South Africa.
| | - Wilfred Otang-Mbeng
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X11283, Mbombela, 1200, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
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Moroole MA, Materechera SA, Mbeng WO, Aremu AO. Medicinal plants used for contraception in South Africa: A review. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 235:19-27. [PMID: 30731180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The indigenous people of South Africa, such as the Khoisan, Zulu, and Ndebele, have used medicinal plants for contraception. One of the reasons for using contraception among indigenous communities is for child spacing. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to review medicinal plants used for contraception in South Africa as potential sources for the discovery and development of safe male and female hormonal contraceptives. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was conducted on medicinal plants used for contraception in South Africa by referencing textbooks and scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, North-West University Institutional Repository, National ETD Portal, government policies and documents on contraception, theses and dissertations, and other web sources such as records from SANBI and PROTA. RESULTS A minimum of 25 medicinal plants were identified as being used for contraception in South Africa, and these plants included local and exotic plants. Medicinal plants with contraceptive activity are Bulbine latifolia, Pouzolzia mixta, Salsola tuberculatiformis, Securidaca longipedunculata, and Typha capensis. In vivo and in vitro studies showed a decrease in mount, intromission and ejaculatory frequencies, inhibition of implantation, contraceptive effect, displaced glucocorticoids, and prolonged diestrus or had negative effects on vitality, motility, and sperm production. CONCLUSIONS Some of the plants used for contraception in South Africa are toxic to both animals and humans. Research is needed focusing on medicinal plants used by men for contraception and by women for postcoital contraception in South Africa. Traditional healers must be included when drafting contraception policies and interventions. Medicinal plants such as B. latifolia and P. mixta demonstrated that medicinal plants used for contraception in South Africa are potential sources for the discovery and development of safe male and female hormonal contraceptives.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Moroole
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Mail Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, North West Province, South Africa.
| | - S A Materechera
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Mail Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, North West Province, South Africa.
| | - W Otang Mbeng
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, University of Mpumalanga, Mbombela Campus, P/bag X11283, Nelspruit 1200, Mpumalanga, South Africa.
| | - A O Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North West University, Private Mail Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2790, North West Province, South Africa.
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Pendota SC, Aremu AO, Slavětínská LP, Rárová L, Grúz J, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Identification and characterization of potential bioactive compounds from the leaves of Leucosidea sericea. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 220:169-176. [PMID: 29604376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leucosidea sericea is a southern African tree used for treating different diseases including microbial infections and inflammatory-related conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY To isolate and identify the chemicals in Leucosidea sericea which possibly account for the diverse therapeutic effects of the species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leaf material was extracted using 20% methanol and subsequently partitioned with different solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol). Resultant fractions were subjected to bioactive (antimicrobial)-guided isolation and the structural elucidation was conducted using NMR (1D and 2D) spectroscopic methods. Given the broad uses of Leucosidea sericea in traditional medicine, the extract, fractions and isolated compounds were evaluated in five (5) biological assays in vitro (antimicrobial, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-inflammatory inhibition as well as cytotoxicity effect). RESULTS As the most active fractions, from ethyl acetate yielded 5,7-dihydroxychromone (1); 1-hydroxy-2-oxopomolic acid (2); 3,5,7,3´,4´-pentahydroxyflavone (3) and Tiliroside (4). For the first time, these four (4) compounds were isolated from leaves of Leucosidea sericea. These aforementioned compounds demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (1.95-125 µg/mL) and noteworthy antifungal (3.9-250 µg/mL) potential. In addition to its noteworthy antimicrobial activity, compound 3 also demonstrated significant antioxidant (EC50 = 14 µg/mL in DPPH assay) and anti-inflammatory (inhibited the level of ELAM by approximately 36% and decreased also the viability of endothelial cells) activities in vitro. Overall, AChE inhibition activity and cytotoxic response was generally weak for the extracts, fractions and isolated compounds. CONCLUSION The pool of chemicals in Leucosidea sericea were enriched with the isolation and identification of four (4) compounds obtained from the leaf extract. Among these compounds, the significant antimicrobial activity of compound 3 provides strong evidence that support the use of Leucosidea sericea for microbial-related infections in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa C Pendota
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague-6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Grúz
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Moyo M, Aremu AO, Plačková L, Plíhalová L, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Holub J, Doležal K, Staden JV. Deciphering the growth pattern and phytohormonal content in Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia) in response to in vitro cytokinin application. N Biotechnol 2018; 42:85-94. [PMID: 29454893 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Clonal propagation plays a critical integral role in the growth and success of a global multi-billion dollar horticulture industry through a constant supply of healthy stock plants. The supply chain depends on continuously improving the micropropagation process, thus, understanding the physiology of in vitro plants remains a core component. We evaluated the influence of exogenously applied cytokinins (CKs, N6-benzyladenine = BA, isopentenyladenine = iP, meta-topolin = mT, 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)-9-(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)purine = mTTHP) in Murashige and Skoog (MS)-supplemented media on organogenic response and accumulation of endogenous CK and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) metabolites. The highest shoot proliferation (30 shoots/explant) was obtained with 20 μM mT treatment. However, the best quality regenerants were produced in 10 μM mT treatment. Rooting of Amelanchier alnifolia in vitro plantlets was observed at the lowest CK concentrations, with the highest root proliferation (3 roots/explant) in 1 μM mTTHP regenerants. Similar to the organogenic response, high levels of endogenous bioactive CK metabolites (free bases, ribosides, and nucleotides) were detected in mT and mTTHP-derived regenerants. The level of O-glucosides was also comparatively high in these cultures. All CK-treated plants had high levels of endogenous free IAA compared to the control. This may suggest an influence of CKs on biosynthesis of IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Symphony Way, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Plíhalová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Holub
- Ornamental and Fruit Tree Nursery Jan Holub s.r.o., Hvozdečko 7, 783 25, Bouzov, Czech Republic(1)
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Moyo M, Amoo SO, Aremu AO, Gruz J, Šubrtová M, Jarošová M, Tarkowski P, Doležal K. Determination of Mineral Constituents, Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Qualities of Cleome gynandra, Compared to Brassica oleracea and Beta vulgaris. Front Chem 2018; 5:128. [PMID: 29354633 PMCID: PMC5758552 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study compared mineral, chemical and antioxidant qualities of Cleome gynandra, a wild leafy vegetable, with two widely consumed commercial vegetables, Brassica oleracea and Beta vulgaris. Mineral nutrients were quantified with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), phenolic compounds using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS) and β-carotene and vitamin C using high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). The antioxidant potential was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Cleome gynandra had highest concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, ascorbic acid, total phenolics, and flavonoids; whereas sodium, magnesium, manganese, copper and β-carotene were higher for B. vulgaris. The significantly higher antioxidant activity (P ≤ 0.05) exhibited by C. gynandra in comparison to the two commercial vegetables may be due to its significantly high levels of vitamin C and phenolic acids. These findings on the mineral, chemical and antioxidant properties of C. gynandra provide compelling scientific evidence of its potential in adding diversity to the diet and contributing toward the daily nutritional requirements of millions of people for food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Stephen O Amoo
- Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Jiri Gruz
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Michaela Šubrtová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Monika Jarošová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Central Laboratories and Research Support, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Central Laboratories and Research Support, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia.,Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czechia
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Naidoo D, Slavětínská LP, Aremu AO, Gruz J, Biba O, Doležal K, Van Staden J, Finnie JF. Metabolite profiling and isolation of biologically active compounds fromScadoxus puniceus, a highly traded South African medicinal plant. Phytother Res 2017; 32:625-630. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devashan Naidoo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg; Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flemingovo nám. 2 16610 Prague-6 Czech Republic
| | - Adeyemi O. Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg; Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Jiri Gruz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR; Šlechtitelů 11 CZ 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Biba
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR; Šlechtitelů 11 CZ 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR; Šlechtitelů 11 CZ 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg; Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Jeffrey F. Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg; Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
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Mafole TC, Aremu AO, Mthethwa T, Moyo M. An overview on Leucosidea sericea Eckl. & Zeyh.: A multi-purpose tree with potential as a phytomedicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 203:288-303. [PMID: 28363524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leucosidea sericea (the sole species in this genus) is a tree species found in southern Africa and possesses several therapeutical effects against infectious diseases in humans and livestock. This review aims to document and summarize the botany, phytochemical and biological properties of Leucosidea sericea. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the term 'Leucosidea sericea', we systematically searched literature including library catalogues, academic dissertations and databases such as PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Wanfang. Taxonomy of the species was validated using 'The Plant List' (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS Leucosidea sericea remains a widely used species among the different ethnic groups in southern Africa. The species is a rich source of approximately 50 essential oils and different classes of phytochemicals (phenolics, phloroglucinols, cholestane triterpenoids, alkaloids and saponins) which may account for their diverse biological properties. Documented biological activities which were mainly observed under in vitro systems included antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and anti-inflammatory properties. Preliminary safety tests on Leucosidea sericea extracts suggest moderate cytotoxic effects based on a few cell lines that were investigated. CONCLUSIONS Leucosidea sericea possesses diverse medicinal potential with the antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities being the most prominent. The relative abundance and tendency of Leucosidea sericea to evade in nature suggest an abundant reservoir of raw materials for potential commercialization (upon validation of its pharmacological potential). However, more stringent investigations on the extracts (and isolated bioactive compounds) focusing on the mode of actions, which will inevitably unravel their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical relevance remain pertinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tshepiso C Mafole
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
| | - Thandekile Mthethwa
- Biocatalysis and Technical Biology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mack Moyo
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Way, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
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Moyo M, Aremu AO, Chukwujekwu JC, Gruz J, Skorepa J, Doležal K, Katsvanga CA, Van Staden J. Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Properties of Cryptostephanus vansonii
, an Endemic Amaryllid. Phytother Res 2017; 31:713-720. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences; Cape Peninsula University of Technology; Symphony Way, PO Box 1906 Bellville 7535 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O. Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Jude C. Chukwujekwu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Jiri Gruz
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Šlechtitelů 11; 783 71 Olomouc-Holice Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Skorepa
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Šlechtitelů 11; 783 71 Olomouc-Holice Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science; Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Šlechtitelů 11; 783 71 Olomouc-Holice Czech Republic
| | - Cuthbert A.T. Katsvanga
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Science; Bindura University of Science Education; Private Bag 1020 Bindura Zimbabwe
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
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Aremu AO, Plačková L, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Auxin-cytokinin interaction and variations in their metabolic products in the regulation of organogenesis in two Eucomis species. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:883-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Arthur GD, Aremu AO, Kulkarni MG, Okem A, Stirk WA, Davies TC, Van Staden J. Can the use of natural biostimulants be a potential means of phytoremediating contaminated soils from goldmines in South Africa? Int J Phytoremediation 2016; 18:427-434. [PMID: 26555317 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2015.1109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biostimulants offer great potential in improving phytoremediation of contaminated soils. In the current greenhouse-based study, Brassica juncea seedlings grown on soils collected from Krugersdorp Goldmine and the adjourning areas (a Game Reserve and private farmland) were supplemented with different biostimulants (Kelpak® = KEL, vermicompost leachate = VCL, smoke-water = SW). Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was included in the study for comparative purposes because these biostimulants are known to enhance rooting. Prior to the pot trial, concentrations of elements in the three soil types were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy. Plants were harvested after 105 days and the growth and concentrations of elements in the various plant organs were determined. TheB. juncea seedlings with and without biostimulants did not survive when growing in soil from the Krugersdorp Goldmine. The Game Reserve and private farmland soils supplemented with KEL produced the highest plant biomass and the lowest accumulation of metals in the organs of B. juncea. High concentrations (>13 000 mg kg(-1)) of zinc and aluminium were quantified in the roots of IBA-supplemented soils from the Game Reserve. Generally, IBA and SW enhanced the phytoremediation of B. juncea due to elevated levels of elements that accumulated in their different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina D Arthur
- a Mangosuthu University of Technology, Jacobs , Durban , KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- b Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Manoj G Kulkarni
- b Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Ambrose Okem
- b Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Wendy A Stirk
- b Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg , Scottsville , South Africa
| | - Theophilus C Davies
- a Mangosuthu University of Technology, Jacobs , Durban , KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- b Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg , Scottsville , South Africa
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Aremu AO, Plačková L, Novák O, Stirk WA, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Cytokinin profiles in ex vitro acclimatized Eucomis autumnalis plants pre-treated with smoke-derived karrikinolide. Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:227-238. [PMID: 26521209 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current evidence of regulatory effect of smoke-water (SW) and karrikinolide (KAR(1)) on the concentrations of endogenous cytokinins in plants partly explain the basis for their growth stimulatory activity. Karrikinolide (KAR1) which is derived from smoke-water (SW) is involved in some physiological aspects in the life-cycle of plants. This suggests a potential influence on the endogenous pool (quantity and quality) of phytohormones such as cytokinins (CKs). In the current study, the effect of SW (1:500; 1:1000; 1:1500 v/v dilutions) and KAR1 (10(-7); 10(-8); 10(-9) M) applied during micropropagation of Eucomis autumnalis subspecies autumnalis on the ex vitro growth and CKs after 4 months post-flask duration was evaluated. The interactions of SW and KAR(1) with benzyladenine (BA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or BA+NAA were also assessed. Plants treated with SW (1:500) and KAR1 (10(-8) M) demonstrated superior growth in terms of the rooting, leaf and bulb sizes and fresh biomass than the control and plants treated with BA and BA+NAA. However, plant growth was generally inhibited with either SW (1:500) or KAR1 (10(-8) M) and BA when compared to BA (alone) treatment. Relative to NAA treatment, the presence of KAR(1) (10(-7) M) with NAA significantly increased the leaf area and fresh biomass. Both SW and KAR1-treated plants accumulated more total CKs, mainly isoprenoid-type than the control and NAA-treated plants. The highest CK content was also accumulated in SW (1:500) with BA+NAA treatments. Similar stimulatory effects were observed with increasing concentrations of KAR(1) and BA. The current findings establish that SW and KAR1 exert significant influence on the endogenous CK pools. However, the better growth of plants treated with SW and KAR1 treatments was not exclusively related to the endogenous CKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Wendy A Stirk
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators and Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
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Ndhlala AR, Ghebrehiwot HM, Ncube B, Aremu AO, Gruz J, Šubrtová M, Doležal K, du Plooy CP, Abdelgadir HA, Van Staden J. Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic Activities and Characterisation of Functional Phenolic Acids of Achyranthes aspera Linn.: A Medicinal Plant Used for the Treatment of Wounds and Ringworm in East Africa. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:274. [PMID: 26635604 PMCID: PMC4655238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Amaranthaceae) commonly known as Prickly Chaff flower (English) is traditionally used for treating a number of ailments. Different parts of the plant are used in treating wounds and ringworm in East Africa and elsewhere for a number of ailments. In this study, leaf extracts of A. aspera collected from two different geographical locations (Ciaat, Eritrea and Ukulinga, South Africa) were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic activities and the plant characterized for functional phenolic acids as well as protein binding capacity. The pathogens used in the tests were, two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), a filamentus yeast-like fungus (Candida albicans) and a free-living nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans). The water and acetone extracts of the samples collected from Ciaat exhibited good antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activity (MIC < 1 mg/ml) except the water extract against E. coli which showed moderate activity. In contrast, the extracts collected from Ukulinga exhibited moderate to weak activities except for the acetone (aq.) extracts which had good activity against some of the tested organisms. UHPLC-MS/MS revealed variation in the levels of some functional phenolic compounds, with rutin, chlorogenic acid and genistein not being detected in the extracts from Ukulinga. The variation was also observed in the protein binding capacity, which could offer a predictive wound healing model. All extracts from plant samples collected at Ciaat expressed significant dominant potency compared to similar extracts from Ukulinga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwell R. Ndhlala
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalPietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Agricultural Research CouncilPretoria, South Africa
| | - Habteab M. Ghebrehiwot
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalPietermaritzburg, South Africa
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of KwaZulu-NatalPietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Bhekumthetho Ncube
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalPietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O. Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalPietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Jiří Gruz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palackỳ University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech RepublicOlomouc-Holice, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Šubrtová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palackỳ University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech RepublicOlomouc-Holice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palackỳ University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech RepublicOlomouc-Holice, Czech Republic
| | - Christian P. du Plooy
- Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Agricultural Research CouncilPretoria, South Africa
| | - Hafiz A. Abdelgadir
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalPietermaritzburg, South Africa
- Vegetable and Ornamental Plants, Agricultural Research CouncilPretoria, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-NatalPietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Moyo M, Aremu AO, Van Staden J. Medicinal plants: An invaluable, dwindling resource in sub-Saharan Africa. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 174:595-606. [PMID: 25929451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of plant species for different therapeutic/medicinal purposes is well-entrenched in sub-Saharan Africa. AIM OF THE REVIEW To provide a critical and updated review of the enormous medicinal plant heritage in sub-Saharan Africa with regards to the abundance, importance, conservation status and potential means to help sustain their availability for future generations. METHODS A comprehensive literature search involving different online databases, books and theses were conducted in order to obtain, collate and synthesize available information on various fundamental aspects pertaining to African medicinal plants. RESULTS African biodiversity hotspots are endowed with a high level of endemic species with a significant portion possessing medicinal value. Apart from the extensive ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants found in Africa, scientific validation of their biological potential such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties have been recognized. Together with the demand arising from their biological efficacies, other anthropogenic factors are exerting conservation strains of the wild population of these medicinal plants. Even though researchers have acknowledged the importance and value of conserving these medicinal plants, several challenges have hampered these efforts on the Continent as a whole. CONCLUSIONS The rich flora occurring in sub-Saharan Africa suggests enormous potential for discovery of new chemical entity with therapeutic value. However, concerted efforts focused on documenting the conservation status of African medicinal plants are pertinent. Application of different biotechnological techniques is needed to sustain these valuable botanical entities, especially to meet increasing pharmaceutical demand. Most importantly, increased public enlightenment and awareness may help eradicate the prejudice against cultivation of medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Aremu AO, Moyo M, Amoo SO, Van Staden J. Ethnobotany, therapeutic value, phytochemistry and conservation status of Bowiea volubilis: A widely used bulbous plant in southern Africa. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 174:308-316. [PMID: 26277489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bowiea volubilis Harv. ex Hook.f. (Family: Asparagaceae) is a bulbous medicinal plant widely used against numerous ailments including headache, muscular pains, infertility, cystitis and venereal diseases in southern Africa. AIM OF THE REVIEW To provide a critical and updated review of Bowiea volubilis with regards to its abundance, medicinal importance, conservation status and potential means to sustain its availability for future generations. METHODS A comprehensive literature search using online databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and Springerlink as well as ethnobotanical literature was done in order to obtain, collate, synthesize and critically analyze available information on Bowiea volubilis. RESULTS On the basis of its wide distribution in many Provinces in South Africa, Bowiea volubilis has a long history of applications among the different ethnic groups. These applications include its uses as purgatives and for the treatment or relief of microbial infections, skin disorders, pains and inflammation. Scientific validation of its diverse uses in traditional medicine has been demonstrated via antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and toxicity assays. Available results indicate a general poor antimicrobial activity especially with the bulb extracts while the anti-inflammatory activity appears promising. Phytochemical screenings revealed that Bowiea volubilis contains cardiac glycosides and related compounds while reports of other classes of compounds are unavailable. In line with its usage in traditional medicine, the majority of available studies on the species have focused on the use of different solvent extracts from the bulbs. The destructive harvesting of bulbs has led to a continuous decimation of wild populations. Consequently, there are increasing conservational concerns on the sustainability of this species for continuous supply to meet escalating demands. CONCLUSIONS Bowiea volubilis remains a widely used medicinal plant and available but limited scientific evidence indicates its anti-inflammatory potential. The abundance of cardiac glycosides in its phytochemical composition provides an indication on the therapeutic potential. More research efforts including the application of different biotechnological techniques are still required in order to guarantee its sustainable use over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Stephen O Amoo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council, Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Aremu AO, Plačková L, Gruz J, Bíba O, Šubrtová M, Novák O, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Accumulation pattern of endogenous cytokinins and phenolics in different organs of 1-year-old cytokinin pre-incubated plants: implications for conservation. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2015; 17:1146-55. [PMID: 26177040 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of phytohormone physiology can provide an essential basis to coherently achieve a conservation drive/strategy for valuable plant species. We evaluated the distribution pattern of cytokinins (CKs) and phenolic compounds in different organs of 1-year-old greenhouse-grown Tulbaghia simmleri pre-treated (during micropropagation) with three aromatic CKs (benzyladenine = BA, meta-topolin = mT, meta-topolin riboside = mTR). The test species is highly valuable due to its medicinal and ornamental uses. Based on UHPLC-MS/MS quantification, mT and mTR pre-treated plants had the highest total CK, mostly resulting from the isoprenoid CK-type, which occurred at highest concentrations in the roots. Although occurring in much lower concentrations when compared to isoprenoid CKs, aromatic CKs were several-fold more abundant in the root of mT pre-treated plants than with other treatments. Possibly related to the enhanced aromatic CKs, free bases and ribonucleotides, plants pre-treated with mT generally displayed better morphology than the other treatments. A total of 12 bioactive phenolic compounds, including four hydroxybenzoic acids, five hydroxycinnamic acids and three flavonoids at varying concentrations, were quantified in T. simmleri. The occurrence, distribution and levels of these phenolic compounds were strongly influenced by the CK pre-treatments, thereby confirming the importance of CKs in phenolic biosynthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
| | - L Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J Gruz
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - O Bíba
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Šubrtová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - O Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - K Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville, South Africa
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Moyo M, Aremu AO, Van Staden J. Insights into the multifaceted application of microscopic techniques in plant tissue culture systems. Planta 2015; 242:773-790. [PMID: 26162927 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic techniques remain an integral tool which has allowed for the better understanding and manipulation of in vitro plant culture systems. The recent advancements will inevitably help to unlock the long-standing mysteries of fundamental biological mechanisms of plant cells. Beyond the classical applications in micropropagation aimed at the conservation of endangered and elite commercial genotypes, plant cell, tissue and organ cultures have become a platform for elucidating a myriad of fundamental physiological and developmental processes. In conjunction with microscopic techniques, in vitro culture technology has been at the centre of important breakthroughs in plant growth and development. Applications of microscopy and plant tissue culture have included elucidation of growth and development processes, detection of in vitro-induced physiological disorders as well as subcellular localization using fluorescent protein probes. Light and electron microscopy have been widely used in confirming the bipolarity of somatic embryos during somatic embryogenesis. The technique highlights basic anatomical, structural and histological evidence for in vitro-induced physiological disorders during plant growth and development. In this review, we discuss some significant biological insights in plant growth and development, breakthroughs and limitations of various microscopic applications and the exciting possibilities offered by emergent in vivo live imaging and fluorescent protein engineering technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Aremu AO, Stirk WA, Masondo NA, Plačková L, Novák O, Pěnčík A, Zatloukal M, Nisler J, Spíchal L, Doležal K, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Dissecting the role of two cytokinin analogues (INCYDE and PI-55) on in vitro organogenesis, phytohormone accumulation, phytochemical content and antioxidant activity. Plant Sci 2015; 238:81-94. [PMID: 26259177 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a continuous search for new chemical entities to expand the collection of suitable compounds to increase the efficiency of micropropagation protocols. Two cytokinin (CK) analogues, 2-chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminopurine (INCYDE) and CK antagonist 6-(2-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylamino)purine (PI-55) were used as a tool to elucidate the auxin-CK crosstalk under in vitro conditions in the medicinally important plant, Eucomis autumnalis subspecies autumnalis. These compounds were tested at 0.01, 0.1 and 10 μM alone as well as in combination with benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The organogenesis, phytohormone content, phytochemical and antioxidant response in 10 week-old-in vitro regenerated E. autumnalis subspecies autumnalis was evaluated. INCYDE generally favoured shoot regeneration while the effect of PI-55 was more evident in root proliferation. Overall, INCYDE promoted the accumulation of higher concentrations and varieties of endogenous CK relative to the PI-55 treatments. In contrast, higher concentration of indole-3-acetic acid and 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid were generally observed in PI-55-supplemented cultures when compared to plantlets derived from INCYDE. Both CK analogues (individually and in-conjunction with exogenously applied PGRs) significantly influenced the phytochemicals and consequently the antioxidant potential of the in vitro regenerants. These results provided insight on how to alleviate root inhibition, a problem which causes considerable loss of several elite species during micropropagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Stirk
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Nqobile A Masondo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Zatloukal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Nisler
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators & Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jeffrey F Finnie
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Aremu AO, Neményi M, Stirk WA, Ördög V, van Staden J. Manipulation of nitrogen levels and mode of cultivation are viable methods to improve the lipid, fatty acids, phytochemical content, and bioactivities in Chlorella minutissima. J Phycol 2015; 51:659-669. [PMID: 26986789 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nitrogen (N: low = 2% N or moderate = 10% N) levels and cultivation (photoautotrophic or mixotrophic) modes on the biochemicals in Chlorella minutissima was evaluated using a mass culture system. Moderate N and mixotrophic cultures had higher biomass, protein, carbohydrate content and photosynthetic pigments than the low N and photoautotrophic treatments. In contrast, lipid and fatty acid content of the low N and photoautotrophic treatments were higher than in the moderate N and mixotrophic cultures. More phytochemicals were accumulated in moderate N and mixotrophic cultures which corresponded to better antioxidant capacity in the extracts. The most potent (0.7 mg · mL(-1) ) acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was displayed by moderate N and mixotrophic treatment. Approximately 60% of the extracts exhibited a noteworthy antimicrobial activity regardless of the N levels and cultivation modes. Thus, moderate N level enhanced the phytochemicals and biological activities of C. minutissima cultured under a mixotrophic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Miklós Neményi
- Institute of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of West Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár, H-9200, Hungary
| | - Wendy A Stirk
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - Vince Ördög
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
- Institute of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of West Hungary, Mosonmagyaróvár, H-9200, Hungary
| | - Johannes van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, P/Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Aremu AO, Masondo NA, Rengasamy KRR, Amoo SO, Gruz J, Bíba O, Šubrtová M, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Physiological role of phenolic biostimulants isolated from brown seaweed Ecklonia maxima on plant growth and development. Planta 2015; 241:1313-24. [PMID: 25672504 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Eckol, a major phenolic compound isolated from brown seaweed significantly enhanced the bulb size and bioactive compounds in greenhouse-grown Eucomis autumnalis. We investigated the effect of eckol and phloroglucinol (PG) (phenolic compounds) isolated from the brown seaweed, Ecklonia maxima (Osbeck) Papenfuss on the growth, phytochemical and auxin content in Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt. The model plant is a popular medicinal species with increasing conservation concern. Eckol and PG were tested at 10(-5), 10(-6) and 10(-7) M using soil drench applications. After 4 months, growth parameters, phytochemical and auxin content were recorded. When compared to the control, eckol (10(-6) M) significantly improved bulb size, fresh weight and root production while the application of PG (10(-6) M) significantly increased the bulb numbers. However, both compounds had no significant stimulatory effect on aerial organs. Bioactive phytochemicals such as p-hydroxybenzoic and ferulic acids were significantly increased in eckol (10(-5) M) and PG (10(-6) M) treatments, compared to the control. Aerial (1,357 pmol/g DW) and underground (1,474 pmol/g DW) parts of eckol-treated (10(-5) M) plants yielded the highest concentration of indole-3-acetic acid. Overall, eckol and PG elicited a significant influence on the growth and physiological response in E. autumnalis. Considering the medicinal importance of E. autumnalis and the increasing strains on its wild populations, these compounds are potential tools to enhance their cultivation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Moyo M, Amoo SO, Aremu AO, Gruz J, Subrtová M, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Plant regeneration and biochemical accumulation of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in Hypoxis hemerocallidea organ and callus cultures. Plant Sci 2014; 227:157-164. [PMID: 25219317 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Micropropagation of Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. and C.A. Mey was used as a model system to study the influence of cytokinins (CKs) on plant regeneration and biochemical accumulation of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in organ and callus cultures and their antioxidant activity. Fourteen free phenolic acids were detected using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) while antioxidant activity was evaluated using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Cytokinins had a significant effect on the biochemical accumulation of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in H. hemerocallidea organ cultures. In particular, meta-topolin-treated organ cultures produced high concentrations of gallic, protocatechuic, gentisic, p-hydroxybenzoic, m-hydroxybenzoic, salicylic, chlorogenic and trans-cinnamic acids. The isoprenoid CK, N(6)-(2-isopentenyl)-adenine significantly increased the accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, namely, caffeic, p-coumaric, sinapic and ferulic acids. Cytokinin-treated organ cultures exhibited a significant increase in antioxidant activity, particularly in the ORAC model. In callus cultures, CKs decreased the concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and antioxidant activity when compared to the control. Overall, both CK type and concentration had a significant effect on plant regeneration, callus proliferation, biochemical accumulation of free phenolic acids and antioxidant activity of the resultant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Stephen O Amoo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Jiří Gruz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Subrtová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71 Olomouc-Holice, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Aremu AO, Masondo NA, Sunmonu TO, Kulkarni MG, Zatloukal M, Spichal L, Doležal K, Van Staden J. A novel inhibitor of cytokinin degradation (INCYDE) influences the biochemical parameters and photosynthetic apparatus in NaCl-stressed tomato plants. Planta 2014; 240:877-889. [PMID: 25092117 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of 2-chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminopurine [inhibitor of cytokinin degradation (INCYDE)] at 10 nM on growth, biochemical and photosynthetic efficiency in sodium chloride (NaCl)-stressed (75, 100 and 150 mM) tomato plants was investigated. NaCl-induced decline in plant vigor index was slightly reversed by both drenching and foliar application of INCYDE. Foliar application of INCYDE significantly increased the flower number in the control and 75 mM NaCl-supplemented plants, while drenching was more effective in 150 mM NaCl-stressed plants. Antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) were enhanced in the presence of INCYDE in the control and NaCl-stressed plants. Higher concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) associated with oxidative (lipid peroxidation) damage in leaf tissue which was evident in the presence of NaCl stress was significantly attenuated with the drenching and foliar application of INCYDE. Regardless of NaCl concentration, application of INCYDE had no significant influence on maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II. However, the reduced quantum yield of photosystem II and coefficient of photochemical quenching under continuous illumination with actinic light at four intensities (264, 488, 800 and 1,200 µmol m(-2) s(-1)) in NaCl-stressed (100 and 150 mM) tomato plants were significantly alleviated by drenching application with INCYDE. Non-photochemical quenching of the singlet excited state of chlorophyll a and relative electron transfer rate were generally higher in INCYDE-treated plants than in the controls. From an agricultural perspective, these findings indicate the potential of INCYDE in protecting plants against NaCl stress and the possibility of enhanced productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
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Amoo SO, Aremu AO, Van Staden J. Unraveling the medicinal potential of South African Aloe species. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 153:19-41. [PMID: 24509153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aloe species (family: Xanthorrhoeaceae) are widely used in ethnomedicine for treating various ailments. Approximately 125 Aloe taxa are documented as indigenous to South Africa. This review was aimed at critically evaluating the available data on the ethnomedicinal uses, pharmacological activities, safety and conservation status of the documented South African Aloe species. MATERIALS AND METHODS A detailed search using major electronic search engines (such as Google Scholar, Scopus and Scirus) and ethnobotanical literature was undertaken. Search terms used included 'medicinal properties of Aloe species', 'biological activity of South African Aloe species' and 'safety and toxicological evaluation of aloes'. RESULTS Although Aloe species are widely used as laxatives and for treating wound and skin-related ailments, only about 20% of South African Aloe species have been clearly documented for their medicinal uses. The pharmacological potential including the antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiplasmodial and anthelmintic activities of some of the species has been established, providing a rationale for their use in traditional medicine. Successful micropropagation protocols have been developed as a conservation strategy, but only for a few species. CONCLUSIONS The highlighted medicinal activities of some Aloe species indicate their therapeutic potential. Nonetheless, further research especially on the understudied species is required to properly document their ethnomedicinal uses and fully explore their pharmacological value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Amoo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Van Staden
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa.
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Aremu AO, Plačková L, Bairu MW, Novák O, Szüčová L, Doležal K, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Endogenous cytokinin profiles of tissue-cultured and acclimatized 'Williams' bananas subjected to different aromatic cytokinin treatments. Plant Sci 2014; 214:88-98. [PMID: 24268166 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous cytokinin (CK) levels of in vitro-cultured and greenhouse-acclimatized 'Williams' bananas treated with six aromatic CKs were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS. The underground parts had higher endogenous CK levels than the aerial parts. Control plantlets had more isoprenoid CKs while the aromatic-type CKs were predominant in all other regenerants. Following acclimatization of the control and 10 μM CK regenerants, there was a rapid decline in both isoprenoid and aromatic CK in the greenhouse-grown plants. Apart from the control and 6-(3-Methoxybenzylamino)-9-tetrahydropyran-2-ylpurine (MemTTHP) treatment with higher level of isoprenoid CK, aromatic CK remain the predominant CK-type across all CK treatments. The most abundant CK forms were meta-topolin (mT) and benzyladenine (BA) in the micropropagated and acclimatized plants, respectively. Micropropagated plantlets had cis-Zeatin (cZ) as the major isoprenoid CK-type which was in turn replaced by isopentenyladenine (iP) upon acclimatization. On a structural and functional basis, 9-glucoside, a deactivation/detoxicification product was the most abundant and mainly located in the underground parts (micropropagation and acclimatization). The results establish the wide variation in metabolic products of the tested aromatic CKs during micropropagation and acclimatization. The findings are discussed with the possible physiological roles of the various CK constituents on the growth and development of banana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Aremu AO, Gruz J, Subrtová M, Szüčová L, Doležal K, Bairu MW, Finnie JF, Van Staden J. Antioxidant and phenolic acid profiles of tissue cultured and acclimatized Merwilla plumbea plantlets in relation to the applied cytokinins. J Plant Physiol 2013; 170:1303-1308. [PMID: 23747061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Merwilla plumbea (Lindl.) Speta is an important medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine. We evaluated the effect of five cytokinins [benzyladenine (BA), 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), meta-topolin (mT), meta-topolin riboside (mTR), and meta-methoxy-9-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-topolin (MemTTHP)] on the level of phenolic acids and antioxidant activity of M. plumbea during the tissue culture and acclimatization stages. Two cytokinins (mT and mTR) significantly improved the antioxidant activity of tissue culture plantlets while the control plantlets were better after acclimatization. Using UPLC-MS/MS, the levels of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (phenolic acids) varied significantly during tissue culture and acclimatization, depending on the cytokinin and plant part analyzed. Vanillic acid (24.9 μg g⁻¹) detected in underground parts of tissue culture plants supplemented with BA was the most abundant phenolic acid detected. The current findings indicate that the phytochemicals together with the bioactivity during in vitro propagation of M. plumbea is influenced by the cytokinin type used and the stage of plant material collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Moyo M, Aremu AO, Gruz J, Subrtová M, Szüčová L, Doležal K, Van Staden J. Conservation strategy for Pelargonium sidoides DC: phenolic profile and pharmacological activity of acclimatized plants derived from tissue culture. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:557-561. [PMID: 23892203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pelargonium sidoides DC (Geraniaceae), a popular medicinal plant used in folk medicine in the treatment of respiratory-related infections has gained international prominence due to its usage in several herbal formulations. This has led to high demand and the subsequent decimation of wild populations. AIM OF THE STUDY Using plant tissue culture techniques, Pelargonium sidoides plants were cloned in vitro, acclimatized under greenhouse conditions and evaluated for their phytochemical content and pharmacological activity. METHODS Phenolic content in extracts of in vitro-derived, greenhouse-acclimatized and wild Pelargonium sidoides plants were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts against bacterial and fungal strains were evaluated. RESULTS Similarities in phenolic profiles were identified confirming the chemical signatures that characterize Pelargonium sidoides plants. Extracts of greenhouse-acclimatized and wild plants exhibited comparable antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the study highlights the potential of integrating plant tissue culture technologies in conservation strategies of medicinal plants. In particular, the results strongly suggest the feasibility of both large-scale cultivation and plant part substitution as alternative solutions to the current destructive overharvesting practices of wild Pelargonium sidoides populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mack Moyo
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Aremu AO, Van Staden J. The genus Tulbaghia (Alliaceae)--a review of its ethnobotany, pharmacology, phytochemistry and conservation needs. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:387-400. [PMID: 23838476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tulbaghia is a monocotyledonous genus of herbaceous perennial bulbs predominantly found in Africa. The approximately 63 species have nutritive, ornamental and medicinal value. For centuries, several Tulbaghia species have found diverse uses in traditional medicine. AIM OF THE REVIEW To evaluate and document the uses, especially the medicinal value of the genus Tulbaghia. The existing gaps in knowledge and possible means for greater development are highlighted. METHODS A comprehensive and detailed literature search using electronic search (for example, Google Scholar, Scirus and Web of Science) and ethnobotanical books was conducted. RESULTS Findings based on their traditional uses and scientific evaluation indicates that Tulbaghia violacea remain the most widely used species. Compiled data indicate their efficacy in several in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anti-hypertensive, antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. Some phytochemicals which are partly associated with the exhibited bioactivities have been identified and isolated from Tulbaghia violacea and Tulbaghia alliacea. The increasing high usage especially the underground organs, as well as the incessant reliance on the wild population, will eventually affect their abundance and possibly make them susceptible to extinction. CONCLUSIONS The great potential of the genus Tulbaghia, particularly other less popular species, remain to be exploited. Further studies on the structural activity relationship of some of the isolated compound may improve their biological potency. Their characteristic alliaceous aroma may also be of great interest to the food industry seeking novel source of unusual aromas to satisfy increasing consumer demands. In order to derive the much anticipated benefits from the species without compromising their conservation status, the use of different biotechnological approaches highlighted in this review will certainly guarantee their continuous availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Aremu
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Arthur GD, Aremu AO, Moyo M, Stirk WA, van Staden J. Growth-promoting effects of a seaweed concentrate at various pH and water hardness conditions. S AFR J SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/sajs.2013/20120013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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