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Jain A. Medical Jeopardy Quiz: Medicinal Plants. Am J Med 2024; 137:393-394. [PMID: 38280558 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Jain
- Department of Haematology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Delhi, India.
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2
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Wang T, Li Q, Zhou Z, Liu J, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Zhang S, Su J. Review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Tibetan Medicine tangchong. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117129. [PMID: 37689329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tangchong (ཐང་ཕྲོམ།), a term in the Tibetan language, encompasses a diverse group of plants belonging to different genera of the Solanaceae family. These plants have been utilized in traditional Tibetan medicine for centuries and are currently still employed to treat a variety of ailments, including acute and severe abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, epilepsy, ascariasis, lung abscess, and other diseases. The therapeutic properties of tangchong are attributed to the presence of tropane alkaloids (TAs), although recent research has also revealed their toxicity. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the traditional uses of tangchong, as well as the phytochemical and pharmacological studies conducted on this plant. The review aims to offer a critical update on the current state of knowledge of tangchong and to identify new opportunities for exploring its therapeutic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS To gather information on tangchong, we conducted a thorough search of several scientific databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scifinder, Baidu Scholar, PubMed, and CNKI. RESULTS This review summarizes the traditional usage of 11 plants, 168 chemical components, including alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, amides, coumarins, etc., describes the pharmacological activities of these medicinal plants and their mechanisms of action, provides an elaboration of toxicology, and provides new plant-derived drugs and herbal preparations from tangchong. CONCLUSIONS Clarity regarding the source of the drug is crucial to ensure the safety and efficacy of clinical applications of Tibetan medicine. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of tangchong, including its traditional medicinal uses, chemical composition, pharmacology, toxicology, and quality control measures. Our analysis highlights the significant value of tangchong as an ethnomedicinal resource, with pharmacological activities primarily linked to its alkaloid content. Furthermore, this review serves as a valuable reference for future research on alkaloid-containing ethnomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianru Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Sanyin Zhang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jinsong Su
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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3
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Larit F, León F. Therapeutics to Treat Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders: A Promising Perspective from Algerian Traditional Medicine. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3860. [PMID: 38005756 PMCID: PMC10674704 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Ancient people sought out drugs in nature to prevent, cure, and treat their diseases, including mental illnesses. Plants were their primary source for meeting their healthcare needs. In Algeria, folk medicine remains a fundamental part of the local intangible knowledge. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive ethnomedicinal investigation and documentation of medicinal plants and the different plant formulations traditionally used in Algeria for the treatment of pain, psychiatric, and neurological disorders. It also intends to improve the current knowledge of Algerian folk medicine. Several scientific databases were used to accomplish this work. Based on this investigation, we identified 82 plant species belonging to 69 genera and spanning 38 distinct botanical families used as remedies to treat various psychological and neurological conditions. Their traditional uses and methods of preparation, along with their phytochemical composition, main bioactive constituents, and toxicity were noted. Therefore, this review provides a new resource of information on Algerian medicinal plants used in the treatment and management of neurological and psychological diseases, which can be useful not only for the documentation and conservation of traditional knowledge, but also for conducting future phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Larit
- Laboratoire d’Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El Bey, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Francisco León
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
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4
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Yasgar A, Bougie D, Eastman RT, Huang R, Itkin M, Kouznetsova J, Lynch C, McKnight C, Miller M, Ngan DK, Peryea T, Shah P, Shinn P, Xia M, Xu X, Zakharov AV, Simeonov A. Quantitative Bioactivity Signatures of Dietary Supplements and Natural Products. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:683-701. [PMID: 37200814 PMCID: PMC10186358 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplements and natural products are often marketed as safe and effective alternatives to conventional drugs, but their safety and efficacy are not well regulated. To address the lack of scientific data in these areas, we assembled a collection of Dietary Supplements and Natural Products (DSNP), as well as Traditional Chinese Medicinal (TCM) plant extracts. These collections were then profiled in a series of in vitro high-throughput screening assays, including a liver cytochrome p450 enzyme panel, CAR/PXR signaling pathways, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter assay activities. This pipeline facilitated the interrogation of natural product-drug interaction (NaPDI) through prominent metabolizing pathways. In addition, we compared the activity profiles of the DSNP/TCM substances with those of an approved drug collection (the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection or NPC). Many of the approved drugs have well-annotated mechanisms of action (MOAs), while the MOAs for most of the DSNP and TCM samples remain unknown. Based on the premise that compounds with similar activity profiles tend to share similar targets or MOA, we clustered the library activity profiles to identify overlap with the NPC to predict the MOAs of the DSNP/TCM substances. Our results suggest that many of these substances may have significant bioactivity and potential toxicity, and they provide a starting point for further research on their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Danielle Bougie
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Richard T Eastman
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Misha Itkin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Jennifer Kouznetsova
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Caitlin Lynch
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Crystal McKnight
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Mitch Miller
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Deborah K Ngan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Tyler Peryea
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Alexey V Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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5
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Krausová M, Braun D, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Gundacker C, Schernhammer E, Wisgrill L, Warth B. Understanding the Chemical Exposome During Fetal Development and Early Childhood: A Review. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:517-540. [PMID: 36202091 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051922-113350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Early human life is considered a critical window of susceptibility to external exposures. Infants are exposed to a multitude of environmental factors, collectively referred to as the exposome. The chemical exposome can be summarized as the sum of all xenobiotics that humans are exposed to throughout a lifetime. We review different exposure classes and routes that impact fetal and infant metabolism and the potential toxicological role of mixture effects. We also discuss the progress in human biomonitoring and present possiblemodels for studying maternal-fetal transfer. Data gaps on prenatal and infant exposure to xenobiotic mixtures are identified and include natural biotoxins, in addition to commonly reported synthetic toxicants, to obtain a more holistic assessment of the chemical exposome. We highlight the lack of large-scale studies covering a broad range of xenobiotics. Several recommendations to advance our understanding of the early-life chemical exposome and the subsequent impact on health outcomes are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdaléna Krausová
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; , ,
| | - Dominik Braun
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; , ,
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; .,Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Austria.,Center for Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lukas Wisgrill
- Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Austria.,Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; , , .,Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Austria
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6
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de Nijs M, Crews C, Dorgelo F, MacDonald S, Mulder PPJ. Emerging Issues on Tropane Alkaloid Contamination of Food in Europe. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020098. [PMID: 36828413 PMCID: PMC9961018 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of tropane alkaloids (TAs), toxic plant metabolites, in food in Europe was studied to identify those TAs in food most relevant for human health. Information was extracted from the literature and the 2016 study from the European Food Safety Authority. Calystegines were identified as being inherent TAs in foods common in Europe, such as Solanum tuberosum (potato), S. melongena (eggplant, aubergine), Capsicum annuum (bell pepper) and Brassica oleracea (broccoli, Brussels sprouts). In addition, some low-molecular-weight tropanes and Convolvulaceae-type TAs were found inherent to bell pepper. On the other hand, atropine, scopolamine, convolvine, pseudotropine and tropine were identified as emerging TAs resulting from the presence of associated weeds in food. The most relevant food products in this respect are unprocessed and processed cereal-based foods for infants, young children or adults, dry (herbal) teas and canned or frozen vegetables. Overall, the occurrence data on both inherent as well as on associated TAs in foods are still scarce, highlighting the need for monitoring data. It also indicates the urge for food safety authorities to work with farmers, plant breeders and food business operators to prevent the spreading of invasive weeds and to increase awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique de Nijs
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Folke Dorgelo
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick P. J. Mulder
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Danaie E, Masoudi S, Masnabadi N. Chemical Composition Analysis of Atropa belladonna Grown in Iran and Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Extract-loaded Nanofibers. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e137839. [PMID: 38148889 PMCID: PMC10750788 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-137839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the chemical composition of extract fractions of the Atropa belladonna plant growing in the north of Iran was investigated by HPTLC, HPLC, and GC-MS. Based on HPLC results, atropine, and scopolamine were found to be higher in the fruit and leaf extracts than in other parts of the plant. The comparative GC-MS analysis showed that diacetone alcohol, mesityl oxide, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid were the major bioactive components in the root, stem, leaf, and fruit extracts, respectively. Leaf extract showed the best antioxidant activity in the DPPH test. The antibacterial activity of fractional extracts was determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the MIC method, and the fruit and leaf extracts exhibited the best antibacterial activities. The leaf extract was embedded into nanofibers by electrospinning technique, and its antibacterial activity was determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The morphology and mechanical properties of the nanofibers were studied with SEM, contact angle, and tensile analysis, showing ultrafine fibers with uniform morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Danaie
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Masnabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
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8
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Xu Z, Eichler B, Klausner EA, Duffy-Matzner J, Zheng W. Lead/Drug Discovery from Natural Resources. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238280. [PMID: 36500375 PMCID: PMC9736696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives have been shown to be effective drug candidates against various diseases for many years. Over a long period of time, nature has produced an abundant and prosperous source pool for novel therapeutic agents with distinctive structures. Major natural-product-based drugs approved for clinical use include anti-infectives and anticancer agents. This paper will review some natural-product-related potent anticancer, anti-HIV, antibacterial and antimalarial drugs or lead compounds mainly discovered from 2016 to 2022. Structurally typical marine bioactive products are also included. Molecular modeling, machine learning, bioinformatics and other computer-assisted techniques that are very important in narrowing down bioactive core structural scaffolds and helping to design new structures to fight against key disease-associated molecular targets based on available natural products are considered and briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augustana University, 2001 S Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
- Institute of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South College School of Pharmacy, 400 Goody’s Lane, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(605)-274-5008
| | - Barrett Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augustana University, 2001 S Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Eytan A. Klausner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South College School of Pharmacy, 400 Goody’s Lane, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA
| | - Jetty Duffy-Matzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augustana University, 2001 S Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Weifan Zheng
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC 27707, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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9
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Determination of Scopolamine Distribution in Plasma and Brain by LC-MS/MS in Rats. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:8536235. [PMID: 36245782 PMCID: PMC9553649 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8536235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scopolamine, as a tropane alkaloid found in plants such as belladonna and datura, is used clinically as a transdermal patch and is highly neurotoxic. This study aimed to develop a simple, sensitive, and selective LC-MS/MS method for the determination of the content and distribution of scopolamine in rat plasma and brain after drug administration. In our study, sample pretreatment consisted of protein precipitation with acetonitrile followed by nitrogen blow concentration. Gradient elution of scopolamine and internal standard was performed on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1
100 mm, 3.5 μm) column with water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v) and acetonitrile as a mobile phase. Those samples were quantified in ESI positive ion mode using an API 4000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The results showed that scopolamine was linear in the calibration range of 2–2500 ng/mL, and the selectivity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, stability, and recovery of the method were within acceptable limits. The method has been validated and has been successfully used for toxicokinetic studies of scopolamine. After intraperitoneal injection, the time to peak toxic concentrations of scopolamine in rats was 0.5 h. The concentrations of scopolamine in the hippocampus and cortex were much higher than those in the striatum, indicating that the likely targets of its neurotoxic damage were the hippocampus and cortex. Overall, this study provides the basis for the neurotoxicity of scopolamine and provides a reference for its toxicokinetic studies.
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Gavrilova A, Gavrilov G. Assessment of morphological pharmacognostic characteristics of the content and label information of dried herbs marketed as food supplements in Bulgaria. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e87549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the current food legislation in Bulgaria the dried herbs are classified under the large group of food supplements and their trade is allowed in pharmacies, drugstores and grocery stores. The aim of this study is to assess the morphological pharmacognostic characteristics of the content and the additional information on the labels of food supplements containing dried herbs in Bulgaria, in the light of key standard and regulatory documents related to the quality of herbal substances and food supplements. 91 herbal substances of 10 main groups were studied, which included 103 commercial products from 8 companies. The authenticity of the herbal substances was confirmed with macro-and microscopic tests. The macroscopic morphological indicators which were used as elements of trade-commodity analysis were changes in color, presence of other parts of the same or different plants, organic and mineral impurities, evidences of diseases and pest infestations. The phenological phase in which the herbal substances had been collected was determined also. We found that very small part of the studied products meet the standards for all of the selected criteria according to the considered documents which implies the need of strengthening control.
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11
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Atropine and Scopolamine in Maize Products from the Retail Stores in the Republic of Serbia. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090621. [PMID: 36136559 PMCID: PMC9506566 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cereal grains, which represent the cultivated grasses fruits, supply almost half of the total caloric requirements for humans and provide more nourishment compared with any other class of the food. Out of many cereals used for food, maize, rice, and wheat are the most important food resources for humans, representing 94% of the total cereals consumption. According to the data of the Republic Institute of Statistics for the year 2018, the harvested areas of corn amount to 906,753 hectares. The production of about 7 million tons was achieved with an average yield of 7.7 t/ha according to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Serbia. Serbia is still among the ten largest exporters of wheat and corn in the world for the period of 2014/15–2017/18. More precisely, it ranks seventh in the export of corn. Utilization of maize products for food animal nutrition (1000 t) is 491,48, and for industrial processing (1000 t) 278,862 expressed as the total consumption (1000 t) is 769,910. Therefore, a total of 103 samples of maize products were analyzed for the presence of toxins, i.e., tropane alkaloids (TAs). The samples were collected from the retail stores in the Republic of Serbia in 2021 and analyzed for the presence of atropine and scopolamine (33 corn grits, 39 polenta, and 31 semolina samples). Therefore, the Recommendation 2015/976/EU on the monitoring of TAs in food was adopted by the EU Commission to obtain more occurrence data on TAs in food. The monitoring extent, however, is restricted because reliable analytical methods and appropriate sensitivity are limited. There was a limit of 1 g/kg for each atropine and scopolamine in cereals containing millet, sorghum, buckwheat, or their derivatives. All the samples were analyzed by the LC-MS/MS. The LOQ was set at 1.0 μg/kg. Out of the total 103 tested samples, 32 samples (31.1%) were contaminated with atropine and scopolamine in concentrations above the LOQ. The highest concentrations of the studied TAs were observed in a semolina sample-atropine: 58.80 μg/kg, scopolamine: 10.20 μg/kg. The obtained results indicate that the TAs concentrations are above the LOQ which can be considered potential human and animal health hazards.
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12
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Wang B, Chen T, Wang A, Fang J, Wang J, Yao W, Wu Y. Anisodamine affects the pigmentation, mineral density, craniofacial area, and eye development in zebrafish embryos. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:1067-1077. [PMID: 34967033 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Anisodamine is one of the major components of the tropine alkaloid family and is widely used in the treatment of pain, motion sickness, pupil dilatation, and detoxification of organophosphorus poisoning. As a muscarinic receptor antagonist, the low toxicity and moderate drug effect of anisodamine often result in high doses for clinical use, making it important to fully investigate its toxicity. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1.3-, 2.6-, and 5.2-mM anisodamine for 7 days to study the toxic effects of drug exposure on pigmentation, mineral density, craniofacial area, and eye development. The results showed that exposure to anisodamine at 1.3 mM resulted in cranial malformations and abnormal pigmentation in zebrafish embryos; 2.6- and 5.2-mM anisodamine resulted in significant eye development defects and reduced bone density in zebrafish embryos. The associated toxicities were correlated with functional development of neural crest cells through gene expression (col1a2, ddb1, dicer1, mab21l1, mab21l2, sox10, tyrp1b, and mitfa) in the dose of 5.2-mM exposed group. In conclusion, this study provides new evidence of the developmental toxicity of high doses of anisodamine in aqueous solutions to organisms and provides a warning for the safe use of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Anli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing; Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Thermo Fisher Scientific China Co Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, The Department of Criminal Science and Technology, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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13
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João AF, Rocha RG, Matias TA, Richter EM, Flávio S. Petruci J, Muñoz RA. 3D-printing in forensic electrochemistry: Atropine determination in beverages using an additively manufactured graphene-polylactic acid electrode. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Cunha F, Girão A, Serra JE, Pina R. Acute urinary retention and green urine: unusual findings in the emergency department. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/6/e244317. [PMID: 34162624 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Cunha
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Girão
- Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Serra
- Infectious Diseases Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Pina
- Internal Medicine Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Benvenuti S, Mazzoncini M. The Biodiversity of Edible Flowers: Discovering New Tastes and New Health Benefits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:569499. [PMID: 33692813 PMCID: PMC7937964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.569499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Floriculture and horticulture have always been two parallel and very distinct agronomic realities. Floriculture is concerned with meeting the ornamental needs of our urban ecosystems, while horticulture is based on meeting food requirements. These two activities have now converged toward a food chain where flowers are conceived of as a sort of "new vegetable" and one of the most promising novelties to satisfy the growing need for food innovation both in terms of an organoleptic and nutraceutical profile. This novelty has rapidly evolved, especially following the growing scientific evidence of the human health benefits of flowers used as food. The typically high pigment concentration of the corollas (especially flavonoids and carotenoids), which have evolved to chromatically attract pollinators, indicates a marked nutraceutical activity especially in terms of antioxidant power. In this review, we first attempted to explore which species are most promising and which should be avoided due to real or suspected toxicity problems. The nutraceutical virtues were therefore highlighted trying to focus attention on those "functional phytochemicals" capable of counteracting some specific human pathologies. Furthermore, the organoleptic profile of edible flowers was investigated since this is one of the least known aspects. The cropping systems suitable for their cultivation were therefore hypothesized and finally the criticalities of edible flowers were addressed in terms of shelf life and marketing opportunities.
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Maurya VK, Kumar S, Kabir R, Shrivastava G, Shanker K, Nayak D, Khurana A, Manchanda RK, Gadugu S, Kar SK, Verma AK, Saxena SK. Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Belladonna. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3937-3954. [PMID: 32662978 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Belladonna has diverse pharmacotherapeutic properties with a shadowy history of beauty, life, and death. Alkaloids present in belladonna have anti-inflammatory, anticholinergic, antispasmodic, mydriatic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and antimicrobial activities, which makes it widely applicable for the treatment of various diseases. However, because of its associated toxicity, the medicinal use of belladonna is debatable. Therefore, an evidence-based systematic review was planned to elucidate the pharmacotherapeutic potential of belladonna. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, the Cochrane database, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov using the keywords "belladonna", "belladonna and clinical trials", and "safety and efficacy of belladonna". Articles published from 1965 to 2020 showing the efficacy of belladonna in diverse clinical conditions are included. The quality of evidence was generated using the GRADE approach, and 20 studies involving 2302 patients were included for the systematic review. Our analyses suggest that belladonna treatment appears to be safe and effective in various disease conditions, including acute encephalitis syndrome, urethral stent pain, myocardial ischemia injury, airway obstructions during sleep in infants, climacteric complaints, irritable bowel syndrome, and throbbing headache. However, better understanding of the dosage and the toxicity of tropane alkaloids of belladonna could make it an efficient remedy for treating diverse medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal K. Maurya
- Centre for Advanced Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Swatantra Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gaurav Shrivastava
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20852, United States
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Debadatta Nayak
- CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Anil Khurana
- CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Raj K Manchanda
- CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Srinivasulu Gadugu
- Department of Medicine, JSPS Government Medical College, Hyderabad 500013, India
| | - Sujita K. Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Anoop K. Verma
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Shailendra K. Saxena
- Centre for Advanced Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
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Atropa belladonna Expresses a microRNA (aba-miRNA-9497) Highly Homologous to Homo sapiens miRNA-378 (hsa-miRNA-378); both miRNAs target the 3'-Untranslated Region (3'-UTR) of the mRNA Encoding the Neurologically Relevant, Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor ZNF-691. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:179-188. [PMID: 31456135 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in ethnobotanical and neurological research indicate that ingested plants from our diet may not only be a source of nutrition but also a source of biologically relevant nucleic-acid-encoded genetic information. A major source of RNA-encoded information from plants has been shown to be derived from small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs) that can transfer information horizontally between plants and humans. In human hosts, the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is targeted by these miRNAs to effectively down-regulate expression of that mRNA target in the host CNS. In this paper, we provide evidence that the Atropa belladonna aba-miRNA-9497 (miRBase conserved ID: bdi-miRNA-9497) is highly homologous to the CNS-abundant Homo sapiens miRNA-378 (hsa-miRNA-378) and both target the zinc-finger transcription factor ZNF-691 mRNA 3'-UTR to down-regulate ZNF-691 mRNA abundance. We speculate that the potent neurotoxic actions of the multiple tropane alkaloids of Atropa belladonna may be supplemented by the neuroregulatory actions of aba-miRNA-9497 on ZNF-691, and this may be followed by the modulation in the expression of ZNF-691-sensitive genes. This is the first example of a human brain-enriched transcription factor, ZNF-691, targeted and down-regulated by a naturally occurring plant microRNA, with potential to modulate gene expression in the human CNS and thus contribute to the neurotoxicological-and-psychoactive properties of the Atropa belladonna species of the deadly nightshade Solanaceae family.
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18
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Vieyra E, Ramírez DA, Linares R, Rosas G, Domínguez R, Morales‐Ledesma L. Stimulation of nicotinic receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus results in a higher number of growing follicles and ova shed. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1179-1189. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vieyra
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction LaboratoryFacultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza UNAM, AP 9‐020 CP 15000 México D.F
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Laboratorio de Investigación en Cronobiología y ReproducciónFacultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza UNAM, AP 9‐020 CP 15000 México D.F
| | - Deyra A. Ramírez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction LaboratoryFacultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza UNAM, AP 9‐020 CP 15000 México D.F
| | - Rosa Linares
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction LaboratoryFacultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza UNAM, AP 9‐020 CP 15000 México D.F
| | - Gabriela Rosas
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction LaboratoryFacultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza UNAM, AP 9‐020 CP 15000 México D.F
| | - Roberto Domínguez
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Laboratorio de Investigación en Cronobiología y ReproducciónFacultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza UNAM, AP 9‐020 CP 15000 México D.F
| | - Leticia Morales‐Ledesma
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction LaboratoryFacultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza UNAM, AP 9‐020 CP 15000 México D.F
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Lakstygal AM, Kolesnikova TO, Khatsko SL, Zabegalov KN, Volgin AD, Demin KA, Shevyrin VA, Wappler-Guzzetta EA, Kalueff AV. DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Atropine, Scopolamine, and Other Anticholinergic Deliriant Hallucinogens. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2144-2159. [PMID: 30566832 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticholinergic drugs based on tropane alkaloids, including atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine, have been used for various medicinal and toxic purposes for millennia. These drugs are competitive antagonists of acetylcholine muscarinic (M-) receptors that potently modulate the central nervous system (CNS). Currently used clinically to treat vomiting, nausea, and bradycardia, as well as alongside other anesthetics to avoid vagal inhibition, these drugs also evoke potent psychotropic effects, including characteristic delirium-like states with hallucinations, altered mood, and cognitive deficits. Given the growing clinical importance of anti-M deliriant hallucinogens, here we discuss their use and abuse, clinical importance, and the growing value in preclinical (experimental) animal models relevant to modeling CNS functions and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M. Lakstygal
- Graduate School of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Andrey D. Volgin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 197341, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine (ITBM), St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | | | | - Allan V. Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
- Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, ITBM, St Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk 630117, Russia
- Granov Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg 197758, Russia
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20
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Cong L, Zhao Y, Pogue AI, Lukiw WJ. Role of microRNA (miRNA) and Viroids in Lethal Diseases of Plants and Animals. Potential Contribution to Human Neurodegenerative Disorders. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1018-1029. [PMID: 30472940 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918090031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Both plants and animals have adopted a common strategy of using ~18-25-nucleotide small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), known as microRNAs (miRNAs), to transmit DNA-based epigenetic information. miRNAs (i) shape the total transcriptional output of individual cells; (ii) regulate and fine-tune gene expression profiles of cell clusters, and (iii) modulate cell phenotype in response to environmental stimuli and stressors. These miRNAs, the smallest known carriers of gene-encoded post-transcriptional regulatory information, not only regulate cellular function in healthy cells but also act as important mediators in the development of plant and animal diseases. Plants possess their own specific miRNAs; at least 32 plant species have been found to carry infectious sncRNAs called viroids, whose mechanisms of generation and functions are strikingly similar to those of miRNAs. This review highlights recent remarkable and sometimes controversial findings in miRNA signaling in plants and animals. Special attention is given to the intriguing possibility that dietary miRNAs and/or sncRNAs can function as mobile epigenetic and/or evolutionary linkers between different species and contribute to both intra- and interkingdom signaling. Wherever possible, emphasis has been placed on the relevance of these miRNAs to the development of human neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Based on the current available data, we suggest that such xeno-miRNAs may (i) contribute to the beneficial properties of medicinal plants, (ii) contribute to the negative properties of disease-causing or poisonous plants, and (iii) provide cross-species communication between kingdoms of living organisms involving multiple epigenetic and/or potentially pathogenic mechanisms associated with the onset and pathogenesis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cong
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2272, USA.,Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2272, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2272, USA
| | - A I Pogue
- Alchem Biotech Research, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - W J Lukiw
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2272, USA. .,Department Neurology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112-2272, USA.,Department Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112-2272, USA
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21
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Höger PH. Mythen in der Pädiatrie: Atopisches Ekzem. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-018-0597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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