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B J, R R. A critical review on pharmacological properties of sulfated polysaccharides from marine macroalgae. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 344:122488. [PMID: 39218536 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The marine ecosystem contains an assorted range of organisms, among which macroalgae stands out marine resources as an invaluable reservoir of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. Marine macroalgae are considered as primary consumers have gained more attention for their bioactive components. Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) are complex polymers found in macroalgae that play a crucial role in their cell wall composition. This review consolidates high-tech methodologies employed in the extraction of macroalgal SPs, offering a valuable resource for researchers focuses in the pharmacological relevance of marine macromolecules. The pharmacological activities of SPs, focusing on their therapeutic action by encompassing diverse study models are summarized. Furthermore, in silico docking studies facilitates a comprehensive understanding of SPs interactions with their binding sites providing a valuable insight for future endeavors. The biological properties of algal SPs, along with a brief reference to mode of action based on different targets are presented. This review utilizes up-to-date research discoveries across various study models to elucidate the biological functions of SPs, focusing on their molecular-level mechanisms and offering insights for prospective investigations. Besides, the significance of SPs from seaweeds is highlighted, showcasing their potential beneficial applications in promoting human health. With promising biomedical prospects, this review explores the extensive uses and experimental evidence supporting the important roles of SPs in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegadeshwari B
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajaram R
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Park JS, Han JM, Park SW, Kim JW, Choi MS, Lee SM, Haq M, Zhang W, Chun BS. Subcritical Water Extraction of Undaria pinnatifida: Comparative Study of the Chemical Properties and Biological Activities across Different Parts. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:344. [PMID: 39195460 DOI: 10.3390/md22080344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The subcritical water extraction of Undaria pinnatifida (blade, sporophyll, and root) was evaluated to determine its chemical properties and biological activities. The extraction was conducted at 180 °C and 3 MPa. Root extracts exhibited the highest phenolic content (43.32 ± 0.19 mg phloroglucinol/g) and flavonoid content (31.54 ± 1.63 mg quercetin/g). Sporophyll extracts had the highest total sugar, reducing sugar, and protein content, with 97.35 ± 4.23 mg glucose/g, 56.44 ± 3.10 mg glucose/g, and 84.93 ± 2.82 mg bovine serum albumin (BSA)/g, respectively. The sporophyll contained the highest fucose (41.99%) and mannose (10.37%), whereas the blade had the highest galactose (48.57%) and glucose (17.27%) content. Sporophyll had the highest sulfate content (7.76%). Key compounds included sorbitol, glycerol, L-fucose, and palmitic acid. Root extracts contained the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 1.51 mg/mL (DPPH), 3.31 mg/mL (ABTS+), and 2.23 mg/mL (FRAP). The root extract exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 5.07 mg/mL, indicating strong antidiabetic potential. The blade extract showed notable antihypertensive activity with an IC50 of 0.62 mg/mL. Hence, subcritical water extraction to obtain bioactive compounds from U. pinnatifida, supporting their use in functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals is highlighted. This study uniquely demonstrates the variation in bioactive compound composition and bioactivities across different parts of U. pinnatifida, providing deeper insights. Significant correlations between chemical properties and biological activities emphasize the use of U. pinnatifida extracts for chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Han
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Won Park
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Woo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seo Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Monjurul Haq
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Byung-Soo Chun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Han J, Xia W, Wang D, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wu Z. Characterization of an exopolysaccharide synthesized by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus B6 and its immunomodulatory activity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130576. [PMID: 38442828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
An exopolysaccharide, designated F1, was purified from the fermented milk by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain B6 (CGMCC No. 13310). F1, with the weight average molecular weight of 1.577 × 106 Da, is consisted of rhamnose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 3.7:1.5: 1. The backbone included 1,3-linked Rha, 1,2,3-linked Rha, 1,2-linked Glc and 1,3-linked Glc residues, with the branching point located at O2 position of 1,2,3-linked Rha residue, and the branch chain composed of terminal linked galactose residue with a pyruvate substituent. F1 could significantly stimulate the phagocytic activity and TNF-α expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, and the release of NO at 200 μg/mL as well. F1 at 200 μg/mL could stimulate the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine encoding genes including TNF-α and iNOS, but with a negligible upregulating effect on the mRNA expression of IL-10. F1 could up-regulate the expression of NF-κBp65 and skew macrophage polarization towards M1 phenotype. These results suggest F1 elicit an immunomodulatory effect through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Danqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Yitian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China.
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Lu J, Yang Y, Hong EK, Yin X, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang D. Analyzing the structure-activity relationship of raspberry polysaccharides using interpretable artificial neural network model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130354. [PMID: 38403223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship has been a hot topic in the field of polysaccharide research. Six polysaccharides and three polysaccharide fragments were obtained from raspberry pulp. Based on their structural information and immune-enhancing activity data, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was used for prediction, and Gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) algorithm was exploited for explanation structure-activity relationship of these raspberry polysaccharides in the present study. The structural information and immune activity data of raspberry polysaccharides were respectively used as input and output in the ANN model. The training and testing losses of ANN model was no longer decreased after trained for 200 epochs. The mean-square error (MSE) of training set and test set stabilized around 0.003 and 0.013, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of training set and test set were 0.21 % and 0.98 %, indicating the trained ANN model converged well and exhibited strong robustness. The interpretability analysis showed that molecular weight, content of arabinose, galactose or galacturonic acid, and glycosyl linkage patterns of →3)-Arap-(1→, Araf-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1 → were the main structural factors greatly affecting the immune-enhancing activity of raspberry polysaccharides. This work may provide a new perspective for the study of structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yongjing Yang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Eun-Kyung Hong
- Medvill Co., Ltd. Medvill Research Institute, Seoul 08512, Republic of Korea
| | - Xingxing Yin
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
| | - Xuehong Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China.
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Li Z, Song Y, Ling Y, Liu Y, Yi J, Hao L, Zhu J, Kang Q, Huang J, Lu J. Structural characterization of a glycoprotein from white jade snails (Achatina Fulica) and its wound healing activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130161. [PMID: 38367791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Snail mucus is rich in proteins and polysaccharides, which has been proved to promote wound healing in mice in our previous research. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective component in snail mucus that can exert the wound healing potential and its structural characterization. Here, the glycoprotein from the snail mucus (SM1S) was obtained by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S-300 columns. The structural characteristics of SM1S were investigated via chromatographic techniques, periodic acid oxidation, FT-IR spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy. Results showed that SM1S was a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 3.8 kDa (83.23 %), consists of mannose, glucuronic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, fucose at a ratio of 13.180:4.875:1043.173:7.552:1:3.501:2.058. In addition, the periodic acid oxidation and NMR analysis showed that SM1S contained 1,6-glycosidic bonds, and might also contain 1 → 4 and 1 → 2 glycosidic or 1 → 3 glycosidic bonds. Furthermore, the migration experiment of human skin fibroblasts in vitro suggested that SM1S had a good effect to accelerate the scratch healing of cells. This study suggested that SM1S may be a prospective candidate as a natural wound dressing for the development of snail mucus products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yiming Song
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yunying Ling
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yingxin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Limin Hao
- Systems Engineering Institute, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jinyong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
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Yan ZX, Li M, Wei HY, Peng SY, Xu DJ, Zhang B, Cheng X. Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of the Polysaccharide Hydrolysate from Lactobacillus plantarum LPC-1 and Their Effect on Spinach (Spinach oleracea L.) Growth. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04843-w. [PMID: 38194184 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a comparison between two hydrolysis systems (MnO2/H2O2 and ascorbic acid (VC)/H2O2) for the depolymerization of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Lactobacillus plantarum LPC-1. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize these two degradation systems, resulting in two H2O2-free degradation products, MEPS (MnO2/H2O2-treated EPS) and VEPS (VC/H2O2-treated EPS), where H2O2 residues in the final products and their antioxidant activity were considered vital points. The relationship between the structural variations of two degraded polysaccharides and their antioxidant activity was characterized. Physicochemical tests showed that H2O2 had a notable impact on determining the total and reducing sugars in the polysaccharides, and both degradation systems efficiently eliminated this effect. After optimization, the average molecular weight of EPS was reduced from 265.75 kDa to 135.41 kDa (MEPS) and 113.11 kDa (VEPS), improving its antioxidant properties. Characterization results showed that the two hydrolysis products had similar major functional groups and monosaccharide composition as EPS. The crystal structure, main chain length, and branched chain number were crucial factors affecting the biological activity of polysaccharides. In pot testing, two degraded polysaccharides improved spinach quality more than EPS due to their lower molecular weights, suggesting the advantages of low-molecular-weight polysaccharides. In summary, these two degradation techniques offer valuable insights for further expanding the utilization of microbial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Xuan Yan
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wei
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Shuai-Ying Peng
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Duan-Jun Xu
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Lee JH, Kim JH, Kim SM, Kim JY, Kim JH, Eom SJ, Kang MC, Song KM. The Antioxidant Activity of Undaria pinnatifida Sporophyll Extract Obtained Using Ultrasonication: A Focus on Crude Polysaccharide Extraction Using Ethanol Precipitation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1904. [PMID: 38001757 PMCID: PMC10669268 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Undaria pinnatifida, a marine biological resource from which antioxidants such as polysaccharides can be obtained, is primarily distributed in the coastal areas of East Asia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for physiological processes; however, excess ROS levels in the body result in cellular oxidative damage. Several extraction methods exist; however, factors such as long extraction times and high temperatures degrade polysaccharides. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the yield of U. pinnatifida sporophyll extract (UPE), a U. pinnatifida byproduct, using ultrasonication, an environmentally friendly extraction method, and identify UPE components with antioxidant activity. UPE_2, 4, 6, and 8 extracts were obtained at extraction times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 h, respectively. UPE_8 had the highest yield (31.91%) and polysaccharide (69.22%), polyphenol, (8.59 GAE μg/mg), and fucoxanthin contents (2.3 μg/g). UPE_8 showed the greatest protective and inhibitory effects on ROS generation in H2O2-damaged Vero cells. Ethanol precipitation of UPE_8 confirmed that UPE_8P (precipitate) had superior antioxidant activity in Vero cells compared to UPE_8S (supernatant). UPE_8P contained a large amount of polysaccharides, a major contributor to the antioxidant activity of UPE_8. This study shows that UPE_8 obtained using ultrasonication can be a functional food ingredient with excellent antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Lee
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-J.E.)
| | - Jeong-Heon Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-J.E.)
| | - Se-Myung Kim
- Greating Laboratory, Hyundai Green Food Ltd., Yongin 16827, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-J.E.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-J.E.)
| | - Su-Jin Eom
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-J.E.)
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-J.E.)
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (J.-H.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (J.-H.K.); (S.-J.E.)
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Yao W, Yong J, Lv B, Guo S, You L, Cheung PCK, Kulikouskaya VI. Enhanced In Vitro Anti-Photoaging Effect of Degraded Seaweed Polysaccharides by UV/H 2O 2 Treatment. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:430. [PMID: 37623711 PMCID: PMC10455735 DOI: 10.3390/md21080430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The high molecular weight and poor solubility of seaweed polysaccharides have limited their function and application. In this study, ultraviolet/hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) treatment was used to prepare low-molecular-weight seaweed polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme. The effects of UV/H2O2 treatment on the physicochemical properties and anti-photoaging activity of S. fusiforme polysaccharides were studied. UV/H2O2 treatment effectively degraded polysaccharides from S. fusiforme (DSFPs), reducing their molecular weight from 271 kDa to 26 kDa after 2 h treatment. The treatment did not affect the functional groups in DSFPs but changed their molar percentage of monosaccharide composition and morphology. The effects of the treatment on the anti-photoaging function of S. fusiforme polysaccharides were investigated using human epidermal HaCaT cells in vitro. DFSPs significantly improved the cell viability and hydroxyproline secretion of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. In particular, DSFP-45 obtained from UV/H2O2 treatment for 45 min showed the best anti-photoaging effect. Moreover, DSFP-45 significantly increased the content and expression of collagen I and decreased those of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Thus, UV/H2O2 treatment could effectively improve the anti-photoaging activity of S. fusiforme polysaccharides. These results provide some insights for developing novel and efficient anti-photoaging drugs or functional foods from seaweed polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzi Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (B.L.); (S.G.)
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiayu Yong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (B.L.); (S.G.)
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bingxue Lv
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (B.L.); (S.G.)
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (B.L.); (S.G.)
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Y.); (J.Y.); (B.L.); (S.G.)
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peter Chi-Keung Cheung
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Viktoryia I. Kulikouskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 36 Skaryna Str., 220141 Minsk, Belarus;
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Muhaxi M, Liu F, Ng TB. Structural characterization and in vitro hepatoprotective activity of a novel antioxidant polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of the mushroom Pleurotus ferulae. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125124. [PMID: 37290546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, three novel antioxidant polysaccharides (G-1, AG-1, and AG-2) were isolated and purified from Pleurotus ferulae using mouse erythrocyte hemolysis inhibitory activity as an indicator. These components showed antioxidant activity at the chemical and cellular levels. Given that G-1 displayed superior performance in protecting the human hepatocyte L02 cells against oxidative damage caused by H2O2 compared to AG-1 and AG-2 and had a higher yield and purification rate, the detailed structure of G-1 was further characterized. G-1 mainly contains six kinds of linkage type units as A: →4,6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→, B: →3)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, C: →2,6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→, d: β-d-Manp(1→, E: →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, F: →4)-β-d-Glcp-(1→. Finally, the potential in vitro hepatoprotective mechanism of G-1 was discussed and elucidated. Results suggested that G-1 can protect L02 cells from H2O2-induced damage by reducing the leakage of AST and ALT from the cytoplasm, enhancing the activities of SOD and CAT, and suppressing lipid peroxidation and production of LDH. G-1 could further reduce the production of ROS, stabilize mitochondrial membrane potential and maintain cell morphology. Hence, G-1 could be a valuable functional food with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muguli Muhaxi
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Chen XW, Zheng YY, Ouyang JM. Sulfated Undaria pinnatifida Polysaccharide Promotes Endocytosis of Nano-Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate by Repairing Subcellular Organelles in HK-2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051015. [PMID: 37237881 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of primary hyperoxaluria includes hyperoxaluria and recurrent urinary calculi. In this study, an oxidative damage model was constructed based on oxalate damage to the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2), and a comparative study was carried out on four different sulfated levels of Undaria pinnatifida polysaccharides (UPP0, UPP1, UPP2, and UPP3 with sulfate group [-OSO3-] contents of 1.59%, 6.03%, 20.83%, and 36.39%, respectively) on the repair of oxidatively damaged HK-2 cells. The results showed that after repair by UPPs, cell viability was enhanced, healing ability was improved, the intracellular superoxide dismutase level and mitochondrial membrane potential were increased, malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, and intracellular Ca2+ levels were reduced, cellular autophagy was reduced; lysosomal integrity was improved, and cytoskeleton and cell morphology were restored. The ability of repaired cells to endocytose nano-calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals (nano-COD) was enhanced. The activity of UPPs was closely related to their -OSO3- content. A too high or too low -OSO3- content was not conducive to polysaccharide activity, and only UPP2 exhibited the best cell repair ability and strongest ability to promote the cell endocytosis of crystals. UPP2 may be used as a potential agent to inhibit CaOx crystal deposition caused by high oxalate concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Wu Chen
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Yun Zheng
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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11
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Niu X, Yao Y, Li Y, Li C, Pan X, Han L. The role of the ferroptosis pathway in the regulation of polysaccharides for human health: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123349. [PMID: 36669310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are natural polymers with ketone or aldehyde groups that are widely found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. They exhibit various biological activities and have potential development value in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Ferroptosis is a recently discovered modality that modulates cell death and has attracted considerable attention because it is considered to be involved in many pathophysiological processes. The inhibition of ferroptosis by reducing intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation may provide potential protective strategies against related pathologies. Ferroptosis is also involved in the physiological activities of polysaccharides, and its regulatory mechanism varies according to different physiological activities. However, a systematic summary on the involvement of ferroptosis in the physiological activities of polysaccharides is currently lacking. Therefore, this review systematically summarized the relationship between the physiological activities of polysaccharides and ferroptosis and focused on the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis, with respect to the anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities of all polysaccharides. The primary objective was to find new polysaccharide-related therapeutic breakthroughs for related diseases and to provide a reference for further research on polysaccharides-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yupei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yaping Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Lirong Han
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Ministry of Education, College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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12
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Mohamed Husien H, Peng W, Su H, Zhou R, Tao Y, Huang J, Liu M, Bo R, Li J. Moringa oleifera leaf polysaccharide alleviates experimental colitis by inhibiting inflammation and maintaining intestinal barrier. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1055791. [PMID: 36438754 PMCID: PMC9686441 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1055791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristic of ulcerative colitis (UC) is extensive colonic mucosal inflammation. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a medicine food homology plant, and the polysaccharide from M. oleifera leaves (MOLP) exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study to investigate the potential effect of MOLP on UC in a mouse model as well as the underlying mechanism. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) 4% in drinking water was given for 7 days to mice with UC, at the same time, MOLP (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) was intragastric administered once daily during the experiment. Structural analysis revealed that MOLP had an average molecular weight (Mw) of 182,989 kDa and consisted of fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, galactose uronic acid, glucuronic acid, glucose uronic acid and mannose uronic acid, with a percentage ratio of 1.64, 18.81, 12.04, 25.90, 17.57, 12.01, 3.51, 5.28, 0.55, 1.27, and 1.43%, respectively. In addition, the features of MOLP were identified by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that MOLP exhibited protective efficacy against UC by alleviating colonic pathological alterations, decreasing goblet cells, crypt destruction, and infiltration of inflammatory cells caused by DSS. Furthermore, MOLP notably repressed the loss of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin proteins in mucosal layer, as well as up-regulating the mRNA expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), whereas down-regulating the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, these results will help understand the protective action procedure of MOLP against UC, thereby providing significance for the development of MOLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosameldeen Mohamed Husien
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Albutana, Albutana, Sudan
| | - WeiLong Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongrui Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - RuiGang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - JunJie Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - MingJiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - RuoNan Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - JinGui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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13
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Gao Y, Guo M, Zheng P, Liu R, Wang D, Zhao D, Wang M. Effects of sulfated polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica on regularating the gut microbiotan and alleviating intestinal inflammation in obese mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113401. [PMID: 36064122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to their known health-enhancing properties, Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LJP) may alleviate obesity via unknown mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate beneficial LJP effects and mechanism(s) of action using an animal obesity model (ICR mice fed a high-fat diet). First, LJP were confirmed to consist of sulfated polysaccharides via infrared spectroscopy. Next, LJP administration to mice was found to induce weight loss, reduce liver fat accumulation, and support healthy obesity-related blood serum indicator levels. Notably, LJP treatment significantly reduced TC and LDL levels and significantly increased HDL, LPL, UCP-2, and PPAR-α levels. Furthermore, examinations of tissues of LJP-treated mice revealed significantly reduced intestinal tissue inflammation as compared to corresponding results obtained for untreated obese controls. Additionally, LJP treatment relieved colonic shortening and reduced colonic levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6. Further exploration of LJP treatment effects on mouse gut microbiota conducted via fecal 16S rRNA gene sequence-based gut microbiome profiling analysis revealed that LJP treatment increased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and increased gut abundances of probiotics Bacteroides acidifaciens, s_Lactobacillus intestinalis, and s_Lactobacillus murinus. In conclusion, these results collectively suggest that LJP use as a food supplement may alleviate obesity and related gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingkun Guo
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ruoyi Liu
- High School Attached to Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China.
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14
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Silva MMCL, Dos Santos Lisboa L, Paiva WS, Batista LANC, Luchiari AC, Rocha HAO, Camara RBG. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of commercial fucoidans from Macrocystis pyrifera, Undaria pinnatifida, and Fucus vesiculosus. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 216:757-767. [PMID: 35870628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants fucoidans from three seaweeds, Undaria pinnatifida (FUP), Macrocystis pyrifera (FMP) and Fucus vesiculosus (FFV) are sold commercially. However, it is unclear which fucoidan is the most potent antioxidant. Therefore, our objective was to compare the antioxidant activities of these fucoidans. For this purpose, six in vitro antioxidant tests were used, total antioxidant capacity, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, ferrous and cupric chelating assay, reducing power and H2O2 scavenging assay. The data showed that the fucoidans had a low capacity to donate electrons, and a low capacity to chelate metals. The best activity obtained was in the scavenging of hydroxyl radical. When macrophages were exposed to H2O2 and fucoidans, MTT and live/dead assays showed that all fucoidans protected cells from oxidative damage. The survival rate of zebrafish embryos was significantly higher when exposed to H2O2 and fucoidans than H2O2 alone. In summary, the fucoidans evaluated were ranked according to their antioxidant activity as follows: FMP > FFV > FUP, and the results suggest that these fucoidans, mainly FMP, can be used in the formulation of medicines/foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylla Maria Correia Leite Silva
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Dos Santos Lisboa
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Weslley Souza Paiva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Alighieri Neves Costa Batista
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Luchiari
- Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Barros Gomes Camara
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil; Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural Polymers (BIOPOL), Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59078-970, Brazil; Multicampi School of Medical Sciences (EMCM/UFRN), Brazil
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15
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Extraction optimization, characterization, antioxidant and immunological activities of polysaccharides from squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) viscera. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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16
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Gao X, Zeng R, Qi J, Ho CT, Li B, Chen Z, Chen S, Xiao C, Hu H, Cai M, Xie Y, Wu Q. Immunoregulatory activity of a low-molecular-weight heteropolysaccharide from Ganoderma leucocontextum fruiting bodies in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100321. [PMID: 35571333 PMCID: PMC9092982 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical structure of GLP-1, a novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide purified Ganoderma leucocontextum fruiting bodies, has been characterized in our previous study. This study aimed to investigate the immunostimulatory activity of GLP-1 in vitro and in vivo by using RAW264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice model. Results showed that GLP-1 was able to enhance phagocytic activity and promote the production of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, GLP-1 could activate mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways through toll-like receptor 2 and dectin-1 receptors. Furthermore, GLP-1 increased the thymus index, serum immunoglobulin levels, and percentage of CD3+ T lymphocytes in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. These results demonstrated that GLP-1 possessed significant immunostimulatory effects in vivo and in vitro and could be developed as an effective immunomodulator for application in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ranhua Zeng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiayi Qi
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhongzheng Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Manjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.,Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China.,Guangdong Yuewei Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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17
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Yang P, Jin J, Ma Y, Wang F, Li Y, Duan B, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Structure Characterization, Immunological Activity, and Mechanism of a Polysaccharide From the Rhizome of Menispermum dauricum DC. Front Nutr 2022; 9:922569. [PMID: 35782915 PMCID: PMC9240474 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.922569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural characterization and immunological activity in vitro and in vivo of a polysaccharide from the rhizome of Menispermum dauricum. A new polysaccharide named MDP was isolated from the rhizome of Menispermum dauricum by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange, and gel-filtration chromatography. MDP was homogeneous and had a molecular weight of 6.16 ×103 Da, and it was an α-D-glucan containing a (1 → 6)-linked backbone, with a glucosyl residue at the C-3 position along the main chain. MDP exhibited immunological activity in vitro, which could significantly promote the proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells and the release of TNF-α and IL-6 factors. For immunological activity in vivo. MDP could significantly increase the thymus and spleen indices, enhance the macrophage function, increase the level of cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) and immunoglobulin IgM in the serum and regulate T lymphocyte subsets. Furthermore, MDP elevated the expression of the critical nodes in the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathways in vivo. These results support the concept that MDP may exhibit immunological activity through TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Based Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yaying Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Baoguo Duan
- Sishui Siheyuan Culture and Tourism Development Company, Ltd., Sisui, China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Yongqing Zhang
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Control and Construction of the Whole Industrial Chain of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Yuhong Liu
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18
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Zhang WN, Gong LL, Zhou ZB, Sun M, Li YY, Sun JW, Chen Y. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a mannan from Helvella leucopus. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:495-507. [PMID: 35618090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new polysaccharide fraction HLP-1 (2.55 × 105 Da) was obtained from the fruiting bodies of Helvella leucopus. Structural characterization of HLP-1 was elucidated by infrared spectroscopy, monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Congo red assay. HLP-1 was a mannan with a backbone of →6)-α-D-Manp(1 → 4)- α-D-Manp(1 → 6)-α-D-Manp(1 → 3)-α-D-Manp(1 → 4)-α-D-Manp(1 → 3)-α-D-Manp(1→, which branched at the O-6 position and terminated with T-β-D-Manp. Moreover, HLP-1 could significantly improve the proliferation and neutral red phagocytosis of RAW264.7. Besides, HLP-1 could stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO), ROS, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). HLP-1 induced macrophage activation via NF-κB signal pathway. These findings indicated that HLP-1 was a potential immune enhancement agent applied in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Na Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Li Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Zhong-Bo Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jing-Wen Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing of Anhui Province, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
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19
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Zeng J, Luan F, Hu J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Qin T, Zhang X, Liu R, Zeng N. Recent research advances in polysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida: Isolation, structures, bioactivities, and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:325-354. [PMID: 35240211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Undaria pinnatifida, one of the most widespread seafood consumed in China and many other nations, has been traditionally utilized as an effective therapeutically active substance for edema, phlegm elimination and diuresis, and detumescence for more than 2000 years. Numerous studies have found that polysaccharides of U. pinnatifida play an indispensable role in the nutritional and medicinal value. The water extraction and alcohol precipitation method are the most used method. More than 40 U. pinnatifida polysaccharides (UPPs) were successfully isolated and purified from U. pinnatifida, whereas only few of them were well characterized. Pharmacological studies have shown that UPPs have high-order structural features and multiple biological activities, including anti-tumor, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticoagulating, antithrombosis, antihypertension, antibacterial, and renoprotection. In addition, the structural characteristics of UPPs are closely related to their biological activity. In this review, the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, biological activities, clinical settings, toxicities, structure-activity relationships and industrial application of UPPs are comprehensively summarized. The structural characteristics and biological activities as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of UPPs were also outlined. Furthermore, the clinical settings and structure-activity functions of UPPs were highlighted. Some research perspectives and challenges in the study of UPPs were also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuseng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Fei Luan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Xiumeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Tiantian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
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20
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Zhu S, Han J, Yan Z, Wu Y, Zhang W, Xia W, Feng H. Structure elucidation and immunological activity of a novel exopolysaccharide from Paenibacillus bovis sp. nov BD3526. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 282:119103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Gao X, Zeng R, Ho CT, Li B, Chen S, Xiao C, Hu H, Cai M, Chen Z, Xie Y, Wu Q. Preparation, chemical structure, and immunostimulatory activity of a water-soluble heteropolysaccharide from Suillus granulatus fruiting bodies. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100211. [PMID: 35498979 PMCID: PMC9039890 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A water-soluble heteropolysaccharide (SGP2-1) was purified from Suillus granulatus. SGP2-1with Mw of 150.75 kDa had the (1 → 4)-α-Glcp backbone structure. SGP2-1 could be recognized by toll-like receptor 2 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. SGP2-1 enhanced pinocytic capacity and promoted ROS, NO, and cytokine production. SGP2-1 exerted immunoregulatory activity through MAPKs, PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways.
A water-soluble heteropolysaccharide (SGP2-1) was purified from Suillus granulatus fruiting bodies by anion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. The structural characteristics were analyzed by high-performance gel permeation chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The immunostimulatory activity was investigated using RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results showed that SGP2-1 with weight average molecular weight of 150.75 kDa was composed of mannose, glucose, and xylose. The backbone of SGP2-1 was mainly composed of → 4)-α-Glcp-(1→, and the terminal group α-d-Glcp → was linked to the main chain by O-6 position. SGP2-1 could significantly enhance pinocytic capacity, reactive oxygen species production, and cytokines secretion. SGP2-1 exerted immunomodulatory effects through interacting with toll-like receptor 2, and activating mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B, and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways. These findings indicated that SGP2-1 could be explored as a potential immunomodulatory agent for application in functional foods.
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Key Words
- 1H-1H COSY, 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy
- ANOVA, Analysis of variance
- Akt, Protein kinase B
- CCK-8, Cell counting kit-8
- D2O, Deuterium oxide
- DCFH-DA, 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- DEPT, Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- DPBS, Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ERK, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FT-IR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- GC-MS, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- HMBC, Heteronuclear multiple bond correlation
- HPGPC, High-performance gel permeation chromatography
- HPLC, High performance liquid chromatography
- HSQC, Heteronuclear single quantum correlation
- Heteropolysaccharide
- IL-6, Interleukin-6
- Immunomodulatory activity
- IκBα, I kappa B alpha
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharides
- MAPKs, Mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- Mw, Weight average molecular weight
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor-kappa B
- NMR, Nuclear magnetic resonance
- NO, Nitric oxide
- PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
- PMP, 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone
- RIPA, Radioimmunoprecipitation assay
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- RT-PCR, Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
- Structural characterization
- Suillus granulatus
- TLR2, Toll-like receptor 2
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α
- iNOS, Inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Ranhua Zeng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaodan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Huiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Manjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zhongzheng Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.,Guangdong Yuewei Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhaoqing 526000, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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Yang Y, Yin X, Zhang D, Lu J, Wang X. Isolation, Structural Characterization and Macrophage Activation Activity of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Raspberry Pulp. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051674. [PMID: 35268775 PMCID: PMC8911918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of safe and effective plant polysaccharides with immunomodulatory effects has become a research hotspot. Raspberry is an essential commercial fruit and is widely distributed, cultivated, and consumed worldwide. In the present study, a homogeneous acidic polysaccharide (RPP-2a), with a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 55582 Da, was isolated from the pulp of raspberries through DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. RPP-2a consisted of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid, with a molar ratio of 15.4:9.6:7.6:3.2:9.1:54.3:0.8. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), 1D-, and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses suggested that the backbone of RPP-2a was primarily composed of →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →2,4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, →4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→, and →3,4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ sugar moieties, with side chains of α-L-Araf-(1→, α-L-Arap-(1→, and β-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→ residues linked to the O-4 band of rhamnose and O-3 band of glucose residues. Furthermore, RPP-2a exhibited significant macrophage activation activity by increasing the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytokines at the transcriptional level in RAW264.7 cells. Overall, the results indicate that RPP-2a can be utilized as a potential natural immune-enhancing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Yang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (D.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xingxing Yin
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (D.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Dejun Zhang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (D.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jie Lu
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (D.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuehong Wang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (X.Y.); (D.Z.); (J.L.); (X.W.)
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Sulfated heteropolysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida: Structural characterization and transcript-metabolite profiling of immunostimulatory effects on RAW264.7 cells. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100251. [PMID: 35498964 PMCID: PMC9040004 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
UPP-3 showed significant effects on mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6. Transcript analysis illustrated the immunostimulatory effects of UPP-3. Metabolic profiling revealed the immunostimulatory effects of UPP-3. UPP-3 might affect the pathways in cancer of macrophage. Provided a molecular detail of the immunostimulatory effects of UPP-3.
Investigation of the polysaccharides from an edible marine brown algae Undaria pinnatifida has led to obtaining three fractional sulfated polysaccharides UPPs 1–3 with molecular weights of 7.212 kDa, 13.924 kDa, and 55.875 kDa, respectively. All UPPs are composed of galactose, xylose, glucose, mannose, glucuronic acid, and mannuronic acid, while UPP-3 also consisted of fucose, arabinose, and fructose. The immunostimulatory assay revealed that UPP-3 had important effects on cell viability, nitric oxide levels, and secretion of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the transcript-metabolite data along with western blot and immunofluorescent staining revealed that UPP-3 could stimulate the Toll-like receptor (TLR4) associated with the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 signaling pathway of RAW264.7 cells. These findings of the immunomodulatory sulfated polysaccharide will provide a basic understanding to further exploitation of U. pinnatifida polysaccharides.
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Feng Y, Wassie T, Gan R, Wu X. Structural characteristics and immunomodulatory effects of sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7180-7196. [PMID: 35193454 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2043823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Marine algae are becoming an important source of valuable candidates of functional food that remain unexplored. Compositional analysis showed that marine algae contain essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and minerals, of which polysaccharides are the main bioactive component. Depending on the source, marine algae polysaccharides are sulfated, which have diverse structures and compositions that influence their biological activities. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae (SPs) exhibit various bioactivities, especially immunomodulation. This review aims at summarizing the structural characteristics of SPs, their immunomodulatory effects, and the structural-immunomodulatory activity relationships between them from articles in recent decade, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the further applications of SPs as promising food or feed additives and possible health products to modulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Feng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Teketay Wassie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Renyou Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhang L, Yin M, Feng X, Ibrahim SA, Liu Y, Huang W. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Four Triterpenoids Isolated from Poriae Cutis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123155. [PMID: 34945705 PMCID: PMC8700795 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, triterpenoid compounds from Poriae Cutis were separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of the purified triterpenoids on RAW 264.7 cells were also investigated. Triterpenoids, poricoic acid B, poricoic acid A, dehydrotrametenolic acid, and dehydroeburicoic acid were obtained; their levels of purity were 90%, 92%, 93%, and 96%, respectively. The results indicated that poricoic acid B had higher anti-inflammatory activity than those of poricoic acid A by inhibiting the generation of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. However, dehydrotrametenolic acid and dehydroeburicoic acid had no anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, the production of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in cells treated with poricoic acid B decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range from 10 to 40 μg/mL. The results provide evidence for the use of Poriae Cutis as a natural anti-inflammatory agent in medicines and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mengzhou Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA;
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-5980-7072
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26
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Immunomodulatory potential of polysaccharides derived from plants and microbes: A narrative review. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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27
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Fu CY, Ren L, Liu WJ, Sui Y, Nong QN, Xiao QH, Li XQ, Cao W. Structural characteristics of a hypoglycemic polysaccharide from Fructus Corni. Carbohydr Res 2021; 506:108358. [PMID: 34111687 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PFC-3 is a homogeneous polysaccharide extracted from the dried pulps of Fructus Corni with a molecular weight of 40.3 kDa. The crude polysaccharide was obtained and further purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex G-100 columns to investigate its structure and glycemic effect. The monosaccharides in the PFC-3, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, consisted of glucose (Glc), xylose (Xyl), and galactose (Gal) with a mass molar ratio of 2.35:12.49:1.00. The methylation analysis combined with 1D (1H and 13C), and 2D NMR (1H-1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) further demonstrated that PFC-3 was mainly composed of 1,3-α-D-Xylp, 1,6-α-D-Galp, 1,2-α-D-Glcp, and T-α-D-Galp, and contained a backbone fragment of →6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 2)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → 3)-α-D-Xylp-(1 → . The hypoglycemic effect of PFC-3 in vitro was evaluated by glucose uptake and consumption assays, and the results showed that PFC-3 concentration-dependently enhanced glucose uptake and significantly improved glucose consumption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Furthermore, PFC-3 significantly reduced fasting blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin level, amylase activity, ameliorate lipid metabolism, and hepatic lesions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Our research provided insights into the hypoglycemic activities of PFC-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Li Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Wen-Juan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qiu-Na Nong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Qian-Han Xiao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Nigam S, Singh R, Bhardwaj SK, Sami R, Nikolova MP, Chavali M, Sinha S. Perspective on the Therapeutic Applications of Algal Polysaccharides. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2021; 30:785-809. [PMID: 34305487 PMCID: PMC8294233 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-021-02231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Algae are an enormous source of polysaccharides and have gained much interest in human flourishing as organic drugs. Algal polysaccharides have aroused interest in the health sector owing to the various bioactivities namely anticancer, antiviral, immunoregulation, antidiabetic and antioxidant effects. The research community has comprehensively described the importance of algal polysaccharides regarding their extraction, purification, and potential use in various sectors. However, regardless of all the intriguing properties and potency in the health sector, these algal polysaccharides deserve detailed investigation. Hence, the present review emphasizes extensively on the previous and latest developments in the extraction, purification, structural properties and therapeutic bioactivities of algal polysaccharides to upgrade the knowledge for further advancement in this area of research. Moreover, the review also addresses the challenges, prospective research gaps and future perspective. We believe this review can provide a boost to upgrade the traditional methods of algal polysaccharide production for the development of efficacious drugs that will promote human welfare. Graphic Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Nigam
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201 313 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rachana Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201313 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sheetal Kaushik Bhardwaj
- Vant Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rokkayya Sami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria P. Nikolova
- Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Ruse “A. Kanchev”, 8 Studentska Str, 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria
| | - Murthy Chavali
- Nano Technology Research Centre (NTRC), MCETRC, and Aarshanano Composite Technologies Pvt. Ltd, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522 201 India
| | - Surbhi Sinha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201313 Uttar Pradesh India
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Andrew M, Jayaraman G. Marine sulfated polysaccharides as potential antiviral drug candidates to treat Corona Virus disease (COVID-19). Carbohydr Res 2021; 505:108326. [PMID: 34015720 PMCID: PMC8091805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has increased the mortality rate and engaged several adverse effects on the affected individuals. Currently available antiviral drugs have found to be unsuccessful in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The demand for efficient antiviral drugs has created a huge burden on physicians and health workers. Plasma therapy seems to be less accomplishable due to insufficient donors to donate plasma and low recovery rate from viral infection. Repurposing of antivirals has been evolved as a suitable strategy in the current treatment and preventive measures. The concept of drug repurposing represents new experimental approaches for effective therapeutic benefits. Besides, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits several complications such as lung damage, blood clot formation, respiratory illness and organ failures in most of the patients. Based on the accumulation of data, sulfated marine polysaccharides have exerted successful inhibition of virus entry, attachment and replication with known or unknown possible mechanisms against deadly animal and human viruses so far. Since the virus entry into the host cells is the key process, the prevention of such entry mechanism makes any antiviral strategy effective. Enveloped viruses are more sensitive to polyanions than non-enveloped viruses. Besides, the viral infection caused by RNA virus types embarks severe oxidative stress in the human body that leads to malfunction of tissues and organs. In this context, polysaccharides play a very significant role in providing shielding effect against the virus due to their polyanionic rich features and a molecular weight that hinders their reactive surface glycoproteins. Significantly the functional groups especially sulfate, sulfate pattern and addition, uronic acids, monosaccharides, glycosidic linkage and high molecular weight have greater influence in the antiviral activity. Moreover, they are very good antioxidants that can reduce the free radical generation and provokes intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, polysaccharides enable a host-virus immune response, activate phagocytosis and stimulate interferon systems. Therefore, polysaccharides can be used as candidate drugs, adjuvants in vaccines or combination with other antivirals, antioxidants and immune-activating nutritional supplements and antiviral materials in healthcare products to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monic Andrew
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ouyang Y, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Zhu R, Chen Y, El-Seedi HR, Chen X, Zhao C. Cancer-fighting potentials of algal polysaccharides as nutraceuticals. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110522. [PMID: 34399500 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been listed as one of the world's five incurable diseases by the World Health Organization and causes tens of thousands of deaths every year. Unfortunately, anticancer agents either show limited efficacy or show serious side effects. The algae possess high nutritional value and their polysaccharides have a variety of biological activities, especially anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties. Algal polysaccharides exert anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis, and regulating intestinal flora and immune function. Algal polysaccharides can be combined with nanoparticles and other drugs to reduce the side effects caused by chemotherapy and increase the anticancer effects. This review shows the signal pathways related to the anti-cancer mechanisms of algal polysaccharides, including their influence on intestinal flora and immune regulation, the application of nanoparticles, and the effects on combination therapy and clinical trials of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhen Ouyang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yinghui Qiu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuning Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruiyu Zhu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
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Han Q, Huang L, Luo Q, Wang Y, Wu M, Sun S, Zhang H, Wang Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of biotin-conjugated Portulaca oleracea polysaccharides. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18084-18092. [PMID: 35480215 PMCID: PMC9033186 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotinylated Portulaca oleracea polysaccharide (Bio-POP) conjugates were successfully prepared by the esterification reaction. The biotinylated polysaccharide products were an off-white powder with an average degree of substitution of 42.5%. After grafting biotin onto POP, the thermal stability of Bio-POP conjugates was much higher than that of POP and the surface topography of Bio-POP was a loose and porous cross-linked structure. The cytotoxicity assay in vitro demonstrated that POP, biotin, and Bio-POP conjugates exhibited different cytotoxicity to HeLa, MCF-7, LO-2, and A549, in particular POP inhibited the growth of the A549 cell line more than other cell lines. The nuclear staining method demonstrated that Bio-POP conjugates can interfere with the apoptosis of A549 cells to some extent and the immunofluorescence staining photograph illustrated that Bio-POP conjugates induced A549 cells to exhibit immune activity. Therefore, the combination of biotin and Portulaca oleracea polysaccharides had immune synergistic therapeutic effects on A549 cells and can be applied in the field of anti-tumor conjugate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Han
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing City Jiangsu Province 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Huang
- Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Yancheng First People's Hospital Yancheng 224006 China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing City Jiangsu Province 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing City Jiangsu Province 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
| | - Shixin Sun
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng City Jiangsu Province 224051 People's Republic of China
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Purification, Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Effects of Polysaccharides from Amomumvillosum Lour. on RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092672. [PMID: 34063301 PMCID: PMC8125432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomum Villosum Lour. (A. villosum) is a folk medicine that has been used for more than 1300 years. However, study of the polysaccharides of A. villosum is seriously neglected. The objectives of this study are to explore the structural characteristics of polysaccharides from A. villosum (AVPs) and their effects on immune cells. In this study, the acidic polysaccharides (AVPG-1 and AVPG-2) were isolated from AVPs and purified via anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The structural characteristics of the polysaccharides were characterized by methylation, HPSEC-MALLS-RID, HPLC, FT-IR, SEM, GC-MS and NMR techniques. AVPG-1 with a molecular weight of 514 kDa had the backbone of → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3,4)-β-d-Glcp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 →. AVPG-2 with a higher molecular weight (14800 kDa) comprised a backbone of → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1 → 4)-α-d-Glcp-(1 →. RAW 264.7 cells were used to investigate the potential effect of AVPG-1 and AVPG-2 on macrophages, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a positive control. The results from bioassays showed that AVPG-2 exhibited stronger immunomodulatory activity than AVPG-1. AVPG-2 significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) production as well as the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and upregulated phagocytic capacities of RAW 264.7 cells. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that AVPG-2 was able to turn the polarization of macrophages to the M1 direction. These results suggested that AVPs could be explored as potential immunomodulatory agents of the functional foods or complementary medicine.
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Structure characterization and in vitro immunomodulatory activities of carboxymethyl pachymaran. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:94-103. [PMID: 33577815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl pachymaran (CMP) was prepared from Poria cocos polysaccharide by carboxymethylation. Two types of CMP (CMP-1 and CMP-2) were further purified by DEAE-52 anion-exchange chromatography. The structure characteristics and immunomodulatory activities of CMP-1 and CMP-2 were investigated. CMP-1 was determined as β-(1 → 3)-d-glucan. A β-(1 → 3)-d-glucan backbone structure was also found in CMP-2, which was mainly consistent of mannose and glucose, with the mole ratio of 0.03:1. The molecular weight of CMP-1 was 126.1 kDa with a 30.4 nm irregular sphere in distilled water. However, the molecular weight of CMP-2 was 172.6 kDa in a 19.9 nm spherical structure in water solution. Both CMP-1 and CMP-2 had triple helical structure, which can promote the proliferation and the phagocytosis of macrophages. Moreover, CMP-1 and CMP-2 both could improve the secretions of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 by increasing the expression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, but CMP-1 exhibited a stronger immunomodulatory ability than that of CMP-2. Our results indicated that CMP-1 and CMP-2 can act as potential immunomodulatory agents.
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Structural properties and in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activity of an arabinofuranan from the fruits of Akebia quinata. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 256:117521. [PMID: 33483042 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In our continuous searching for natural active polysaccharides with immunomodulatory activity, an arabinofuranan (AQP70-3) was isolated and purified from the fruits of Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. by using ion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography for the first time. AQP70-3 contained both α-l-Araf and β-l-Araf, and the absolute molecular weight was 1.06 × 104 g/mol. The backbone of AQP70-3 comprised →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, and →2,5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, with branches of →1)-β-l-Arafand →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues. Biological assay suggested that AQP70-3 can stimulate phagocytic activity and promote the levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, AQP70-3 was found to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO in zebrafish embryo model.
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Li L, Wang Y, Yuan J, Liu Z, Ye C, Qin S. Undaria pinnatifida improves obesity-related outcomes in association with gut microbiota and metabolomics modulation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10217-10231. [PMID: 33074417 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber has beneficial effects on obesity-related diseases and gut microbiota, contributing a key role in the interaction between dietary metabolism and host metabolism. Our objective was to investigate the cause of the improvement in multiple types of physiological states with seaweed Undaria pinnatifida treatment on high-fat diet-fed mice and to evaluate whether its consequent anti-adiposity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects are associated with gut microbiota and its metabolomics regulation. U. pinnatifida administration in our experiment was shown to significantly decrease high-fat diet-induced body weight gain, as well as epididymal and abdominal adiposity. U. pinnatifida intake also significantly reduced liver weight and serum triacylglycerol accumulation. We also found that improving effects of U. pinnatifida on high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunctions were associated with significant increase in specific bacteria, such as Bacteroides acidifaciens and Bacteroides ovatus, as well as metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Our result provides a cheap dietary strategy to host metabolism improvement and obesity management. KEY POINTS: • U. pinnatifida improved adipose accumulation and lipid metabolism. • B. acidifaciens and B. ovatus contributed to the beneficial effects of U. pinnatifida. • SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates were critical to the metabolic outcomes. • Our study provides a cheap dietary strategy for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Jingyi Yuan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Changqing Ye
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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36
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Ge Y, Ahmed S, Yao W, You L, Zheng J, Hileuskaya K. Regulation effects of indigestible dietary polysaccharides on intestinal microflora: An overview. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13564. [PMID: 33219555 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human intestinal contains rich and diverse microbiota that utilizes a variety of polysaccharides. The intestinal microflora extends the metabolic functions of the body, obtaining energy from indigestible dietary polysaccharides. It is not only a highly competitive environment but also a comprehensive collaboration for these polysaccharides, as the microbiota work to maximize the energy harvested from them through the intestine. Indigestible dietary polysaccharides help to manage colon health and host health by affecting the gut microbial population. These polysaccharides also influence the metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota by stimulating the formation of SCFAs. Most of these metabolic activities affect host physiology because the epithelium absorbs secondary metabolites and end products or transports them to the liver, where they could exert other beneficial effects. This article reviews the carbohydrates existing in the human intestine, the regulating actions of indigestible polysaccharides on intestinal microflora, and the molecular basis of the degradation process of these polysaccharides. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Large deals of researches have shown that indigestible polysaccharides possess an outstanding regulation effect on the intestinal microflora, which indicates that indigestible polysaccharides have the potential to be used as prebiotics in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries. However, it is not clear how gut microbiota metabolizes these dietary polysaccharides, and how the resulting gut metabolites may further affect the intestinal microflora population and metabolism. This paper reviews the indigestible dietary polysaccharides existing in the human intestine, the regulation of polysaccharides on gut microbiota, and the molecular basis of the degradation process of these polysaccharides. This review helps to better understand the relationship between indigestible dietary polysaccharides and intestinal microflora, which will provide powerful evidence for the potential use of these polysaccharides as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Ge
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shahid Ahmed
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanzi Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxian Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kseniya Hileuskaya
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
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Yao WZ, Veeraperumal S, Qiu HM, Chen XQ, Cheong KL. Anti-cancer effects of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides on human colon cancer cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis without causing adverse effects in vitro. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:386. [PMID: 32832336 PMCID: PMC7419411 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anticancer effects of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides (PHPs) on human colon cancer cells and non-cancerous cells were evaluated. PHP was extracted by an ultrasonic/microwave-assisted method, and three fractions of polysaccharides (PHP-F1, PHP-F2 and PHP-F3) were obtained through a DEAE-52 cellulose ion-exchange column. The results of the cytotoxicity test showed that all of the PHP fractions had inhibitory effects on the growth of colon cancer cells HT-29, LoVo and SW-480, but no toxic effects on the normal human cells HaCaT. The fractions PHP-F2 and PHP-F3 had the most significant cytotoxicity on HT-29 cells. Studies on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, cell apoptosis, the apoptosis index (using Hoechst 33342 staining) and analysis of cell cycle arrest using flow cytometry revealed that the fractions PHP-F2 and PHP-F3 could apparently induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in HT-29 cells and cause cell G0-G1 phase arrest. These findings suggest that polysaccharides from P. haitanensis have anticancer effects on human colon cancer cells and therefore might be regarded as new candidates for the prevention and treatment of colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Zi Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Suresh Veeraperumal
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Mai Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200 Guangxi China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063 Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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Structural characterization of a novel galactoglucan from Fortunella margarita and its molecular structural change following simulated digestion in vitro. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Structural characterization, antiproliferative and immunoregulatory activities of a polysaccharide from Boletus Leccinum rugosiceps. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 157:106-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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40
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An active heteropolysaccharide from the rinds of Garcinia mangostana Linn.: Structural characterization and immunomodulation activity evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 235:115929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Degradation of polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme using UV/H2O2 and its effects on structural characteristics. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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42
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Ye J, Wang X, Wang K, Deng Y, Yang Y, Ali R, Chen F, Wu Z, Liao W, Mao L. A novel polysaccharide isolated from Flammulina velutipes, characterization, macrophage immunomodulatory activities and its impact on gut microbiota in rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:735-748. [PMID: 31900998 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The structural characteristics of a novel Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide (FVP2) were explored in this study. Besides, immunomodulatory activities of FVP2 on RAW 264.7 cell and its impact on gut microbiota in rats were investigated. FVP2 has a molecular weight of 18.3 kD, and its main components include galactose (19.96%), glucose (60.66%) and mannose (19.38%). By NMR analysis, the main-chain structure consisted of (1 → 3)-linked-β-D-Gal, (1 → 6) -linked-β-D-Gal, (1 → 6)-linked-α-D-Glc and (1 → 3,6)-linked-α-D-Man was identified. Results of the in vitro assays on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells showed FVP2 could significantly up-regulate the expression of NO, TNF-α and IL-6. FVP2 was intragastrically administered to rats for 2 weeks. Compared with the control group, two caecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration (isobutyric acid and butyric acid) and the abundance of beneficial microbiota of the FVP2-treated group were significantly increased (p < .05) respectively. The results demonstrated that FVP2 could effectively enhance the level of butyric acid and increase beneficial gut microbiota, which could improve the intestinal barrier function and maintain the intestinal mucosal integrity, suggesting that FVP2 could potentially be an immunomodulators or a functional food to promote intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufeng Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yudi Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yichao Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rufida Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feilong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijian Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hu W, Jiang Y, Xue Q, Sun F, Zhang J, Zhou J, Niu Z, Li Q, Li F, Shen T. Structural characterisation and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide isolated from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) root residues. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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