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Jan MW, Chiu CY, Chen JJ, Chang TH, Tsai KJ. Human Platelet Lysate Induces Antiviral Responses against Parechovirus A3. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071499. [PMID: 35891479 PMCID: PMC9316291 DOI: 10.3390/v14071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (hPL) contains abundant growth factors for inducing human cell proliferation and may be a suitable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a culture medium supplement. However, the application of hPL in virological research remains blank. Parechovirus type-A3 (PeV-A3) belongs to Picornaviridae, which causes meningoencephalitis in infants and young children. To understand the suitability of hPL-cultured cells for PeV-A3 infection, the infection of PeV-A3 in both FBS- and hPL-cultured glioblastoma (GBM) cells were compared. Results showed reduced PeV-A3 infection in hPL-cultured cells compared with FBS-maintained cells. Mechanistic analysis revealed hPL stimulating type I interferon (IFN) antiviral pathway, through which phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT2, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) were activated and antiviral genes, such as IFN-α, IFN-β, and Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA), were also detected. In addition, an enhanced PeV-A3 replication was detected in the hPL-cultured GBM cells treated with STAT-1 inhibitor (fludarabine) and STAT1 shRNA. These results in vitro suggested an unexpected effect of hPL-activated type I IFN pathway response to restrict virus replication and that hPL may be a potential antiviral bioreagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Jan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yun Chiu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (T.-H.C.); (K.-J.T.)
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-H.C.); (K.-J.T.)
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2
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Barale C, Melchionda E, Morotti A, Russo I. Prothrombotic Phenotype in COVID-19: Focus on Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413638. [PMID: 34948438 PMCID: PMC8705811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection is associated with a broad spectrum of presentations, but alveolar capillary microthrombi have been described as a common finding in COVID-19 patients, appearing as a consequence of a severe endothelial injury with endothelial cell membrane disruption. These observations clearly point to the identification of a COVID-19-associated coagulopathy, which may contribute to thrombosis, multi-organ damage, and cause of severity and fatality. One significant finding that emerges in prothrombotic abnormalities observed in COVID-19 patients is that the coagulation alterations are mainly mediated by the activation of platelets and intrinsically related to viral-mediated endothelial inflammation. Beyond the well-known role in hemostasis, the ability of platelets to also release various potent cytokines and chemokines has elevated these small cells from simple cell fragments to crucial modulators in the blood, including their inflammatory functions, that have a large influence on the immune response during infectious disease. Indeed, platelets are involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury also by promoting NET formation and affecting vascular permeability. Specifically, the deposition by activated platelets of the chemokine platelet factor 4 at sites of inflammation promotes adhesion of neutrophils on endothelial cells and thrombogenesis, and it seems deeply involved in the phenomenon of vaccine-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Importantly, the hyperactivated platelet phenotype along with evidence of cytokine storm, high levels of P-selectin, D-dimer, and, on the other hand, decreased levels of fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and thrombocytopenia may be considered suitable biomarkers that distinguish the late stage of COVID-19 progression in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabella Russo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6705447; Fax: +39-011-9038639
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3
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Kim SJ, Carestia A, McDonald B, Zucoloto AZ, Grosjean H, Davis RP, Turk M, Naumenko V, Antoniak S, Mackman N, Abdul-Cader MS, Abdul-Careem MF, Hollenberg MD, Jenne CN. Platelet-Mediated NET Release Amplifies Coagulopathy and Drives Lung Pathology During Severe Influenza Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772859. [PMID: 34858432 PMCID: PMC8632260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) causes a respiratory tract infection with approximately 10% of the population infected by the virus each year. Severe IAV infection is characterized by excessive inflammation and tissue pathology in the lungs. Platelet and neutrophil recruitment to the lung are involved in the pathogenesis of IAV, but the specific mechanisms involved have not been clarified. Using confocal intravital microscopy in a mouse model of IAV infection, we observed profound neutrophil recruitment, platelet aggregation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production and thrombin activation within the lung microvasculature in vivo. Importantly, deficiency or antagonism of the protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) reduced platelet aggregation, NET production, and neutrophil recruitment. Critically, inhibition of thrombin or PAR4 protected mice from virus-induced lung tissue damage and edema. Together, these data imply thrombin-stimulated platelets play a critical role in the activation/recruitment of neutrophils, NET release and directly contribute to IAV pathogenesis in the lung.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Coagulation Disorders/immunology
- Blood Coagulation Disorders/metabolism
- Blood Coagulation Disorders/virology
- Blood Platelets/immunology
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Blood Platelets/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Traps/immunology
- Extracellular Traps/metabolism
- Extracellular Traps/virology
- Female
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/virology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neutrophil Infiltration/immunology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/virology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/metabolism
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Platelet Aggregation/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Joo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Agostina Carestia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Braedon McDonald
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda Z. Zucoloto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Heidi Grosjean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rachelle P. Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Madison Turk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Victor Naumenko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Morley D. Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Craig N. Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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4
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Zaboli E, Majidi H, Alizadeh‐Navaei R, Hedayatizadeh‐Omran A, Asgarian‐Omran H, Vahedi Larijani L, Khodaverdi V, Amjadi O. Lymphopenia and lung complications in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): A retrospective study based on clinical data. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5425-5431. [PMID: 33945642 PMCID: PMC8242774 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A rapid outbreak of novel coronavirus, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), has made it a global pandemic. This study focused on the possible association between lymphopenia and computed tomography (CT) scan features and COVID-19 patient mortality. The clinical data of 596 COVID-19 patients were collected from February 2020 to September 2020. The patients' serological survey and CT scan features were retrospectively explored. The median age of the patients was 56.7 ± 16.4 years old. Lung involvement was more than 50% in 214 COVID-19 patients (35.9%). The average blood lymphocyte percentage was 20.35 ± 10.16 (normal range, 20%-50%). Although the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were high in more than 80% of COVID-19 patients; CRP, ESR, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) may not indicate the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19. Patients with severe lung involvement and lymphopenia were found to be significantly associated with increased odds of death (odds ratio, 9.24; 95% confidence interval, 4.32-19.78). These results indicated that lymphopenia < 20% along with pulmonary involvement >50% impose a multiplicative effect on the risk of mortality. The in-hospital mortality rate of this group was significantly higher than other COVID-19 hospitalized cases. Furthermore, they meaningfully experienced a prolonged stay in the hospital (p = .00). Lymphocyte count less than 20% and chest CT scan findings with more than 50% involvement might be related to the patient's mortality. These could act as laboratory and clinical indicators of disease severity, mortality, and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Zaboli
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Hadi Majidi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Orthopedic Research CenterMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Reza Alizadeh‐Navaei
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Akbar Hedayatizadeh‐Omran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Hossein Asgarian‐Omran
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | | | - Vahid Khodaverdi
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
| | - Omolbanin Amjadi
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases InstituteMazandaran University of Medical SciencesSariIran
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5
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Andrew M, Jayaraman G. Marine sulfated polysaccharides as potential antiviral drug candidates to treat Corona Virus disease (COVID-19). Carbohydr Res 2021; 505:108326. [PMID: 34015720 PMCID: PMC8091805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 has increased the mortality rate and engaged several adverse effects on the affected individuals. Currently available antiviral drugs have found to be unsuccessful in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The demand for efficient antiviral drugs has created a huge burden on physicians and health workers. Plasma therapy seems to be less accomplishable due to insufficient donors to donate plasma and low recovery rate from viral infection. Repurposing of antivirals has been evolved as a suitable strategy in the current treatment and preventive measures. The concept of drug repurposing represents new experimental approaches for effective therapeutic benefits. Besides, SARS-CoV-2 exhibits several complications such as lung damage, blood clot formation, respiratory illness and organ failures in most of the patients. Based on the accumulation of data, sulfated marine polysaccharides have exerted successful inhibition of virus entry, attachment and replication with known or unknown possible mechanisms against deadly animal and human viruses so far. Since the virus entry into the host cells is the key process, the prevention of such entry mechanism makes any antiviral strategy effective. Enveloped viruses are more sensitive to polyanions than non-enveloped viruses. Besides, the viral infection caused by RNA virus types embarks severe oxidative stress in the human body that leads to malfunction of tissues and organs. In this context, polysaccharides play a very significant role in providing shielding effect against the virus due to their polyanionic rich features and a molecular weight that hinders their reactive surface glycoproteins. Significantly the functional groups especially sulfate, sulfate pattern and addition, uronic acids, monosaccharides, glycosidic linkage and high molecular weight have greater influence in the antiviral activity. Moreover, they are very good antioxidants that can reduce the free radical generation and provokes intracellular antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, polysaccharides enable a host-virus immune response, activate phagocytosis and stimulate interferon systems. Therefore, polysaccharides can be used as candidate drugs, adjuvants in vaccines or combination with other antivirals, antioxidants and immune-activating nutritional supplements and antiviral materials in healthcare products to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monic Andrew
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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6
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Xu S, Jiang N, Nawaz W, Liu B, Zhang F, Liu Y, Wu X, Wu Z. Infection of humanized mice with a novel phlebovirus presented pathogenic features of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009587. [PMID: 33974679 PMCID: PMC8139491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne emerging phlebovirus with high mortality rates of 6.0 to 30%. SFTSV infection is characterized by high fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemorrhage and multiple organ failures. Currently, specific therapies and vaccines remain elusive. Suitable small animal models are urgently needed to elucidate the pathogenesis and evaluate the potential drug and vaccine for SFTSV infection. Previous models presented only mild or no pathogenesis of SFTS, limiting their applications in SFTSV infection. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop a small animal model for the investigation of SFTSV pathogenesis and evaluation of therapeutics. In the current report, we developed a SFTSV infection model based on the HuPBL-NCG mice that recapitulates many pathological characteristics of SFTSV infection in humans. Virus-induced histopathological changes were identified in spleen, lung, kidney, and liver. SFTSV was colocalized with macrophages in the spleen and liver, suggesting that the macrophages in the spleen and liver could be the principle target cells of SFTSV. In addition, histological analysis showed that the vascular endothelium integrity was severely disrupted upon viral infection along with depletion of platelets. In vitro cellular assays further revealed that SFTSV infection increased the vascular permeability of endothelial cells by promoting tyrosine phosphorylation and internalization of the adhesion molecule vascular endothelial (VE)–cadherin, a critical component of endothelial integrity. In addition, we found that both virus infection and pathogen-induced exuberant cytokine release dramatically contributed to the vascular endothelial injury. We elucidated the pathogenic mechanisms of hemorrhage syndrome and developed a humanized mouse model for SFTSV infection, which should be helpful for anti-SFTSV therapy and pathogenesis study. SFTSV is a novel bunyavirus that was identified in 2010 and endemic in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam with expanding spatial incidents. SFTS is characterized by high case-fatality rates and currently has no effective therapeutics or vaccines. In previous study, models presented only mild or no pathogenesis of SFTS, limiting their applications in SFTSV infection. In the current study, we developed a humanized NCG mouse model for the study of SFTSV infection and elucidated the pathogenic mechanisms of hemorrhage syndrome with respect to apoptosis, membrane protein endocytosis and cytokine stimulation. The HuPBL-NCG model presented multiple organ pathologies that resemble those of human infection, which will be helpful for anti-SFTSV therapy and pathogenesis study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Xu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Waqas Nawaz
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xilin Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (ZW)
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (ZW)
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7
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Yang L, Su J. Type II Grass Carp Reovirus Infects Leukocytes but Not Erythrocytes and Thrombocytes in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Viruses 2021; 13:v13050870. [PMID: 34068469 PMCID: PMC8150784 DOI: 10.3390/v13050870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes serious losses to the grass carp industry. At present, infectious tissues of GCRV have been studied, but target cells remain unclear. In this study, peripheral blood cells were isolated, cultured, and infected with GCRV. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western Blot, indirect immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy observation, a model of GCRV infected blood cells in vitro was established. The experimental results showed GCRV could be detectable in leukocytes only, while erythrocytes and thrombocytes could not. The virus particles in leukocytes are wrapped by empty membrane vesicles that resemble phagocytic vesicles. The empty membrane vesicles of leukocytes are different from virus inclusion bodies in C. idella kidney (CIK) cells. Meanwhile, the expression levels of IFN1, IL-1β, Mx2, TNFα were significantly up-regulated in leukocytes, indicating that GCRV could cause the production of the related immune responses. Therefore, GCRV can infect leukocytes in vitro, but not infect erythrocytes and thrombocytes. Leukocytes are target cells in blood cells of GCRV infections. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the study of the GCRV infection mechanism and anti-GCRV immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-27-8728-2227
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8
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Comer SP, Cullivan S, Szklanna PB, Weiss L, Cullen S, Kelliher S, Smolenski A, Murphy C, Altaie H, Curran J, O’Reilly K, Cotter AG, Marsh B, Gaine S, Mallon P, McCullagh B, Moran N, Ní Áinle F, Kevane B, Maguire PB. COVID-19 induces a hyperactive phenotype in circulating platelets. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001109. [PMID: 33596198 PMCID: PMC7920383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected over 30 million globally to date. Although high rates of venous thromboembolism and evidence of COVID-19-induced endothelial dysfunction have been reported, the precise aetiology of the increased thrombotic risk associated with COVID-19 infection remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, we assessed clinical platelet parameters and circulating platelet activity in patients with severe and nonsevere COVID-19. An assessment of clinical blood parameters in patients with severe COVID-19 disease (requiring intensive care), patients with nonsevere disease (not requiring intensive care), general medical in-patients without COVID-19, and healthy donors was undertaken. Platelet function and activity were also assessed by secretion and specific marker analysis. We demonstrated that routine clinical blood parameters including increased mean platelet volume (MPV) and decreased platelet:neutrophil ratio are associated with disease severity in COVID-19 upon hospitalisation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Strikingly, agonist-induced ADP release was 30- to 90-fold higher in COVID-19 patients compared with hospitalised controls and circulating levels of platelet factor 4 (PF4), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), and thrombopoietin (TPO) were also significantly elevated in COVID-19. This study shows that distinct differences exist in routine full blood count and other clinical laboratory parameters between patients with severe and nonsevere COVID-19. Moreover, we have determined all COVID-19 patients possess hyperactive circulating platelets. These data suggest abnormal platelet reactivity may contribute to hypercoagulability in COVID-19 and confirms the role that platelets/clotting has in determining the severity of the disease and the complexity of the recovery path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane P. Comer
- Conway SPHERE Research Group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Cullivan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paulina B. Szklanna
- Conway SPHERE Research Group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luisa Weiss
- Conway SPHERE Research Group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven Cullen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Kelliher
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Claire Murphy
- Conway SPHERE Research Group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Haidar Altaie
- SAS UK Headquarters, Wittington House, Henley Road, Medmenham, Marlow, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Katherine O’Reilly
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife G. Cotter
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Centre for Experimental Pathogen and Host Research, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Marsh
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Gaine
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Mallon
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian McCullagh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Moran
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala Ní Áinle
- Conway SPHERE Research Group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (FNÁ); (BK); (PBM)
| | - Barry Kevane
- Conway SPHERE Research Group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin Ireland
- Department of Haematology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (FNÁ); (BK); (PBM)
| | - Patricia B. Maguire
- Conway SPHERE Research Group, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin Ireland
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Institute for Discovery, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail: (FNÁ); (BK); (PBM)
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9
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Bongiovanni D, Klug M, Lazareva O, Weidlich S, Biasi M, Ursu S, Warth S, Buske C, Lukas M, Spinner CD, Scheidt MV, Condorelli G, Baumbach J, Laugwitz KL, List M, Bernlochner I. SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a pro-thrombotic platelet phenotype. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:50. [PMID: 33414384 PMCID: PMC7790351 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a hypercoagulable state, characterized by abnormal coagulation parameters and by increased incidence of cardiovascular complications. With this study, we aimed to investigate the activation state and the expression of transmembrane proteins in platelets of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. We investigated transmembrane proteins expression with a customized mass cytometry panel of 21 antibodies. Platelets of 8 hospitalized COVID-19 patients not requiring intensive care support and without pre-existing conditions were compared to platelets of healthy controls (11 donors) with and without in vitro stimulation with thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP). Mass cytometry of non-stimulated platelets detected an increased surface expression of activation markers P-Selectin (0.67 vs. 1.87 median signal intensity for controls vs. patients, p = 0.0015) and LAMP-3 (CD63, 0.37 vs. 0.81, p = 0.0004), the GPIIb/IIIa complex (4.58 vs. 5.03, p < 0.0001) and other adhesion molecules involved in platelet activation and platelet-leukocyte interactions. Upon TRAP stimulation, mass cytometry detected a higher expression of P-selectin in COVID-19 samples compared to controls (p < 0.0001). However, we observed a significantly reduced capacity of COVID-19 platelets to increase the expression of activation markers LAMP-3 and P-Selectin upon stimulation with TRAP. We detected a hyperactivated phenotype in platelets during SARS-CoV-2 infection, consisting of highly expressed platelet activation markers, which might contribute to the hypercoagulopathy observed in COVID-19. In addition, several transmembrane proteins were more highly expressed compared to healthy controls. These findings support research projects investigating antithrombotic and antiplatelet treatment regimes in COVID-19 patients, and provide new insights on the phenotypical platelet expression during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bongiovanni
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS and Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Melissa Klug
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Lazareva
- Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Weidlich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marina Biasi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simona Ursu
- Core Facility Cytometry, Ulm University Medical Faculty, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Warth
- Core Facility Cytometry, Ulm University Medical Faculty, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Buske
- Core Facility Cytometry, Ulm University Medical Faculty, Ulm, Germany
- CCC Ulm, Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Lukas
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz von Scheidt
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Cardiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS and Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus List
- Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabell Bernlochner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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10
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Ruberto F, Chistolini A, Curreli M, Frati G, Marullo AGM, Biondi-Zoccai G, Mancone M, Sciarretta S, Miraldi F, Alessandri F, Ceccarelli G, Barone F, Santoro C, Alvaro D, Pugliese F, Pulcinelli FM. Von Willebrand factor with increased binding capacity is associated with reduced platelet aggregation but enhanced agglutination in COVID-19 patients: another COVID-19 paradox? J Thromb Thrombolysis 2021; 52:105-110. [PMID: 33387210 PMCID: PMC7778414 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Coronavirus-associated disease-2019 (COVID-19) display alterations of the hemostatic system and the presence of a prothrombotic status frequently leading to vascular complications. However, the impact of COVID-19 on platelet activity, aggregation and agglutination still needs to be clarified. We measured total levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and vWF binding to the platelet glycoprotein (Gp) complex (GPIb-IX-V), in a cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of our Institution. Moreover, we evaluated platelet aggregation in response to agonists (ADP, collagen, arachidonic acid) and platelet agglutination in response to ristocetin. We found that levels of vWF antigen and the active form of vWF binding to platelets (vWF:RCo), were markedly increased in these patients. These results were associated with higher agglutination rates induced by ristocetin, thereby indirectly indicating an increased capability of vWF to bind to platelets. Conversely, we found that platelet aggregation in response to both ADP and collagen was lower in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy volunteers. This study shows that COVID-19 is associated with increased vWF-induced platelet agglutination but reduced platelet responsivity to aggregation stimuli. Our findings have translational relevance since platelet adhesion to vWF may represent a marker to predict possible complications and better delineate therapeutic strategies in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Ruberto
- Department of General Surgery, Surgical Specialities and Organ Transplantation "Paride Stefanini" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Chistolini
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Antonino G M Marullo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandri
- Department of General Surgery, Surgical Specialities and Organ Transplantation "Paride Stefanini" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ceccarelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Barone
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Santoro
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of General Surgery, Surgical Specialities and Organ Transplantation "Paride Stefanini" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio M Pulcinelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Mir N, D'Amico A, Dasher J, Tolwani A, Valentine V. Understanding the andromeda strain - The role of cytokine release, coagulopathy and antithrombin III in SARS-CoV2 critical illness. Blood Rev 2021; 45:100731. [PMID: 32829961 PMCID: PMC7832361 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As the current coronavirus pandemic continues and cases of COVID-19 critical illness rise, physicians and scientists across the globe are working to understand and study its pathophysiology. Part of the pathology of this illness may result from its prothrombotic potential as witnessed from derangements in coagulation and thrombotic complications reported in observational studies performed in China and Europe to findings of microthrombosis upon autopsy analysis of patients who succumbed to COVID-19. Multiple organizations, including the American Society of Hematology (ASH), recommend the routine use of prophylactic heparin to temper the thrombotic complications of this illness given its mortality benefit in severe COVID-19 infections. Reductions in circulating levels of Antithrombin III (AT), the primary mediator of heparin's action, is present in cases of coronavirus related critical illness. AT's use as a prognostic marker, an important effector of heparin resistance, and a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabiel Mir
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Alex D'Amico
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John Dasher
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ashita Tolwani
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vincent Valentine
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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12
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Campbell RA, Boilard E, Rondina MT. Is there a role for the ACE2 receptor in SARS-CoV-2 interactions with platelets? J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:46-50. [PMID: 33119197 PMCID: PMC7899240 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to thrombotic and inflammatory complications during COVID-19. Data from independent groups have identified that platelets are hyperreactive during COVID-19. Platelet hyperreactivity is accompanied by changes in platelet gene expression, and enhanced interactions between platelets and leukocytes. In some patients, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA has been detected in platelets. Together, this suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may interact with platelets. However, controversy remains on which receptors mediate SARS-CoV-2 platelet interactions. Most, but not all, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses fail to observe the putative SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme-2, or the cellular serine protease necessary for viral entry, TMPRSS2, on platelets and megakaryocytes. Interestingly, platelets express other known SARS-CoV-2 receptors, which induce similar patterns of activation to those observed when platelets are incubated with SARS-CoV-2. This article explores these findings and discusses ongoing areas of controversy and uncertainty with regard to SARS-CoV-2 platelet interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Campbell
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier,, Universitaire de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Matthew T Rondina
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine & Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen VAMC Department of Internal Medicine and GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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13
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Venter C, Bezuidenhout JA, Laubscher GJ, Lourens PJ, Steenkamp J, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Erythrocyte, Platelet, Serum Ferritin, and P-Selectin Pathophysiology Implicated in Severe Hypercoagulation and Vascular Complications in COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8234. [PMID: 33153161 PMCID: PMC7662625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive respiratory failure is seen as a major cause of death in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)-induced infection. Relatively little is known about the associated morphologic and molecular changes in the circulation of these patients. In particular, platelet and erythrocyte pathology might result in severe vascular issues, and the manifestations may include thrombotic complications. These thrombotic pathologies may be both extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary and may be central to respiratory failure. Previously, we reported the presence of amyloid microclots in the circulation of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we investigate the presence of related circulating biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), serum ferritin, and P-selectin. These biomarkers are well-known to interact with, and cause pathology to, platelets and erythrocytes. We also study the structure of platelets and erythrocytes using fluorescence microscopy (using the markers PAC-1 and CD62PE) and scanning electron microscopy. Thromboelastography and viscometry were also used to study coagulation parameters and plasma viscosity. We conclude that structural pathologies found in platelets and erythrocytes, together with spontaneously formed amyloid microclots, may be central to vascular changes observed during COVID-19 progression, including thrombotic microangiopathy, diffuse intravascular coagulation, and large-vessel thrombosis, as well as ground-glass opacities in the lungs. Consequently, this clinical snapshot of COVID-19 strongly suggests that it is also a true vascular disease and considering it as such should form an essential part of a clinical treatment regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle Venter
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.V.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Johannes Andries Bezuidenhout
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.V.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Gert Jacobus Laubscher
- Suite 104, 1 Elsie du Toit Street, Mediclinic Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; (G.J.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Petrus Johannes Lourens
- Suite 104, 1 Elsie du Toit Street, Mediclinic Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; (G.J.L.); (P.J.L.)
| | - Janami Steenkamp
- PathCare Laboratories, PathCare Business Centre, PathCare Park, Neels Bothma Street, N1 City 7460, South Africa;
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.V.); (J.A.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Building 220, Kemitorvet, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (C.V.); (J.A.B.)
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14
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Abstract
Recent articles report elevated markers of coagulation, endothelial injury, and microthromboses in lungs from deceased COVID-19 patients. However, there has been no discussion of what may induce intravascular coagulation. Platelets are critical in the formation of thrombi and their most potent trigger is platelet activating factor (PAF), first characterized by Demopoulos and colleagues in 1979. PAF is produced by cells involved in host defense and its biological actions bear similarities with COVID-19 disease manifestations. PAF can also stimulate perivascular mast cell activation, leading to inflammation implicated in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Mast cells are plentiful in the lungs and are a rich source of PAF and of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6, which may contribute to COVID-19 and especially SARS. The histamine-1 receptor antagonist rupatadine was developed to have anti-PAF activity, and also inhibits activation of human mast cells in response to PAF. Rupatadine could be repurposed for COVID-19 prophylaxis alone or together with other PAF-inhibitors of natural origin such as the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin, which have antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-PAF actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Theoharis C Theoharides
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery, Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Kuchi Bhotla H, Kaul T, Balasubramanian B, Easwaran M, Arumugam VA, Pappusamy M, Muthupandian S, Meyyazhagan A. Platelets to surrogate lung inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110098. [PMID: 32688185 PMCID: PMC7354257 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The neoteric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been jeopardizing the world with the symptoms of seasonal flu. The virus contagion predicted to have been originated from Wuhan, China has by far trapped 4,198,418 cases from 212 countries in the world with two international conveyances with 284,102 deaths as of 11 May 2020 (10:18 GMT). Researchers around the globe have indulged in deciphering viral mode in the body for devising a cure. Affirmations from autopsies and preliminary findings on SARS-CoV-2 hypothesized on viral pathogenesis within the host, for instance, source of inflammation in lungs and pneumonia. This hypothesis assigns the platelets as agents of infection after viral entry. Presently, curbing infection to stall the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the prima facie intervention employed, worldwide. However, public health authorities must monitor the state of affairs scrupulously, as the deeper our understanding of this novel virus and its associated outbreak, the better we can deal with it. Knowing this idea might be far-fetched, yet this postulate would serve as the groundwork for the present situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanushri Kaul
- Nutritional Improvement of Crops, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | | | - Murugesh Easwaran
- Nutritional Improvement of Crops, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vijaya Anand Arumugam
- Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikantan Pappusamy
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru 560029 (Karnataka), India
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle 1871, Ethiopia
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru 560029 (Karnataka), India; Euroespes Biomedical Research Centre, International Centre of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Corunna, Spain.
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide, and tracking laboratory indexes during the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 can provide a reference for patients in other countries and regions. METHODS We closely tracked the epidemiological history, diagnosis and treatment process, as well as dynamic changes in routine blood indicators, of a severe COVID-19 patient who was hospitalized for 26 days. RESULTS Our study found that the patient's condition worsened in the first week after admission, white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelets (PLT) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) decreased. On the 7th day of admission, the levels of these cells decreased to their lowest values, though the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level remained at high values. From 8 to 14 days of admission, the patient's condition improved, hypoxemia was corrected, and mechanical ventilation was discontinued. The number of WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes increased gradually, and the erythrocyte parameters stopped declining and stabilized in a certain range; CRP decreased rapidly. On the 20th day of admission, the nucleic acid test was negative, WBC, neutrophil, CRP, NLR and PLR decreased gradually, and monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts increased. Although RBCs and hemoglobin (Hb) levels continued to decrease, RDW gradually increased, indicating the recovery of hematopoiesis. In addition, it should be noted that monocytes and eosinophils were at extremely low levels within 10 days after admission; the recovery time of eosinophils was approximately 12 days after admission, which was earlier than other parameters, which might be of great value in judging the progress of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic changes in routine blood parameters might be helpful for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and evaluation of the treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Lu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Smeda
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Corresponding author. Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, ul. Bobrzynskiego 14, Krakow 30-348, Poland. Tel: +48 12 6645464, Fax: +48 12 2974615,
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18
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Ribes A, Vardon-Bounes F, Mémier V, Poette M, Au-Duong J, Garcia C, Minville V, Sié P, Bura-Rivière A, Voisin S, Payrastre B. Thromboembolic events and Covid-19. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 77:100735. [PMID: 32773098 PMCID: PMC7833411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel Corona virus infection (Covid-19) first identified in China in December 2019 has rapidly progressed in pandemic leading to significant mortality and unprecedented challenge for healthcare systems. Although the clinical spectrum of Covid-19 is variable, acute respiratory failure and systemic coagulopathy are common in severe Covid-19 patients. Lung is an important target of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing eventually acute respiratory distress syndrome associated to a thromboinflammatory state. The cytokinic storm, thromboinflammation and pulmonary tropism are the bedrock of tissue lesions responsible for acute respiratory failure and for prolonged infection that may lead to multiple organ failure and death. The thrombogenicity of this infectious disease is illustrated by the high frequency of thromboembolic events observed even in Covid-19 patients treated with anticoagulation. Increased D-Dimers, a biomarker reflecting activation of hemostasis and fibrinolysis, and low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) are associated with higher mortality in Covid-19 patients. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge on the thromboembolic manifestations, the disturbed hemostatic parameters, and the thromboinflammatory conditions associated to Covid-19 and we will discuss the modalities of anticoagulant treatment or other potential antithrombotic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Ribes
- Inserm U1048 and Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, I2MC, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 03, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Vardon-Bounes
- Inserm U1048 and Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, I2MC, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 03, France; Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Mémier
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Poette
- Inserm U1048 and Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, I2MC, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 03, France; Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan Au-Duong
- Inserm U1048 and Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, I2MC, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 03, France; Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Garcia
- Inserm U1048 and Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, I2MC, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 03, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Minville
- Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Sié
- Inserm U1048 and Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, I2MC, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 03, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sophie Voisin
- Inserm U1048 and Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, I2MC, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 03, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Inserm U1048 and Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, I2MC, 31024, Toulouse Cedex 03, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, 31059, Toulouse, France.
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19
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Sholzberg M. COVID-19 and Hypercoagulability. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2020; 18:386-389. [PMID: 32903249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Sholzberg
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Faddy HM, Fryk JJ, Hall RA, Young PR, Reichenberg S, Tolksdorf F, Sumian C, Gravemann U, Seltsam A, Marks DC. Inactivation of yellow fever virus in plasma after treatment with methylene blue and visible light and in platelet concentrates following treatment with ultraviolet C light. Transfusion 2019; 59:2223-2227. [PMID: 31050821 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yellow fever virus (YFV) is endemic to tropical and subtropical areas in South America and Africa, and is currently a major public health threat in Brazil. Transfusion transmission of the yellow fever vaccine virus has been demonstrated, which is indicative of the potential for viral transfusion transmission. An approach to manage the potential YFV transfusion transmission risk is the use of pathogen inactivation (PI) technology systems, such as THERAFLEX MB-Plasma and THERAFLEX UV-Platelets (Macopharma). We aimed to investigate the efficacy of these PI technology systems to inactivate YFV in plasma or platelet concentrates (PCs). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS YFV spiked plasma units were treated using THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system (visible light doses: 20, 40, 60, and 120 [standard] J/cm2 ) in the presence of methylene blue (approx. 0.8 μmol/L) and spiked PCs were treated using THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system (ultraviolet C doses: 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 [standard] J/cm2 ). Samples were taken before the first and after each illumination dose and tested for residual virus using a modified plaque assay. RESULTS YFV infectivity was reduced by an average of 4.77 log or greater in plasma treated with the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma system and by 4.8 log or greater in PCs treated with THERAFLEX UV-Platelets system. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the THERAFLEX MB-Plasma and the THERAFLEX UV-Platelets systems can efficiently inactivate YFV in plasma or PCs to a similar degree as that for other arboviruses. Given the reduction levels observed in this study, these PI technology systems could be an effective option for managing YFV transfusion-transmission risk in plasma and PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Faddy
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jesse J Fryk
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ute Gravemann
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Axel Seltsam
- German Red Cross Blood Service NSTOB, Springe, Germany
| | - Denese C Marks
- Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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21
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O’Brien MP, Zafar MU, Rodriguez JC, Okoroafor I, Heyison A, Cavanagh K, Rodriguez-Caprio G, Weinberg A, Escolar G, Aberg JA, Badimon JJ. Targeting thrombogenicity and inflammation in chronic HIV infection. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav5463. [PMID: 31206016 PMCID: PMC6561747 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Persons with HIV infection (PWH) have increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Coronary thrombosis is known to provoke myocardial infarctions, but whether PWH have elevated thrombotic propensity is unknown. We compared thrombogenicity of PWH on antiretroviral therapy versus matched controls using the Badimon chamber. Measures of inflammation, platelet reactivity, and innate immune activation were simultaneously performed. Enrolled PWH were then randomized to placebo, aspirin (81 mg), or clopidogrel (75 mg) for 24 weeks to assess treatment effects on study parameters. Thrombogenicity was significantly higher in PWH and correlated strongly with plasma levels of D-dimer, soluble TNF receptors 1 and 2, and circulating classical and nonclassical monocytes in PWH. Clopidogrel significantly reduced thrombogenicity and sCD14. Our data suggest that higher thrombogenicity, interacting with inflammatory and immune activation markers, contributes to the increased CVD risk observed in PWH. Clopidogrel exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity in addition to its antithrombotic effect in PWH.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/methods
- Aspirin/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Platelets/drug effects
- Blood Platelets/immunology
- Blood Platelets/virology
- Clopidogrel/therapeutic use
- Coronary Thrombosis/complications
- Coronary Thrombosis/drug therapy
- Coronary Thrombosis/immunology
- Coronary Thrombosis/virology
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Female
- Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/genetics
- Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/immunology
- Gene Expression
- HIV Infections/complications
- HIV Infections/drug therapy
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/virology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Inflammation
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/genetics
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/virology
- Platelet Aggregation/drug effects
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan P. O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Urooj Zafar
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jose C. Rodriguez
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ibeawuchi Okoroafor
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alex Heyison
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Cavanagh
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alan Weinberg
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gines Escolar
- Department of Hematopathology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith A. Aberg
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan J. Badimon
- Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Loyrion E, Trouve-Buisson T, Pouzol P, Larrat S, Decaens T, Payen JF. Hepatitis E Virus Infection after Platelet Transfusion in an Immunocompetent Trauma Patient. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:146-147. [PMID: 27983485 PMCID: PMC5176217 DOI: 10.3201/eid2301.160923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection causes acute liver disease, but severe infections are rare in immunocompetent patients. We describe a case of HEV infection in a previously healthy male trauma patient in France who received massive transfusions. Genotyping confirmed HEV in a transfused platelet pool and the donor.
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Motta IJF, Spencer BR, Cordeiro da Silva SG, Arruda MB, Dobbin JA, Gonzaga YBM, Arcuri IP, Tavares RCBS, Atta EH, Fernandes RFM, Costa DA, Ribeiro LJ, Limonte F, Higa LM, Voloch CM, Brindeiro RM, Tanuri A, Ferreira OC. Evidence for Transmission of Zika Virus by Platelet Transfusion. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:1101-3. [PMID: 27532622 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1607262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iara J F Motta
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Monica B Arruda
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jane A Dobbin
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yung B M Gonzaga
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ingrid P Arcuri
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rita C B S Tavares
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elias H Atta
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina F M Fernandes
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Deise A Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Liane J Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Limonte
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza M Higa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Dadu T, Sehgal K, Joshi M, Khodaiji S. Evaluation of the immature platelet fraction as an indicator of platelet recovery in dengue patients. Int J Lab Hematol 2015; 36:499-504. [PMID: 25356498 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in many disorders (such as aplastic anemia, ITP, dengue fever,), the etiology being multifactorial. Immature platelet fraction (IPF) is a new parameter which is a measure of reticulated platelets that reflects the rate of thrombopoiesis. We tried to evaluate IPF as an indicator to predict the recovery of platelets in patients with dengue. METHODS A total of 32 patients suffering from dengue fever (as confirmed by NS1 antigen or IgM antibody positivity for dengue) were taken for the study. The platelet count and IPF value of all these patients were evaluated on a daily basis. RESULTS It was found out that IPF has a strong correlation with the recovery of platelet counts in patients with dengue. 84.3% patients showed recovery within 24 h after attaining the peak IPF, 93.75% of the patients showed recovery within 24-48 h of the rise of the IPF compared with the previous day's value, and 100% patients showed a recovery within 24 h of the fall of the IPF compared with the previous days. It was also observed that 93.75% of the patients show platelet recovery within 24-48 h if the IPF was more than 10%. CONCLUSION Based on our study, we concluded that IPF can be used to evaluate the recovery of platelets in patients with dengue. It holds a great promise of becoming a reliable future guide for decisions concerning platelet transfusions.
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Stokol T, Yeo WM, Burnett D, DeAngelis N, Huang T, Osterrieder N, Catalfamo J. Equid herpesvirus type 1 activates platelets. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122640. [PMID: 25905776 PMCID: PMC4407896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes outbreaks of abortion and neurological disease in horses. One of the main causes of these clinical syndromes is thrombosis in placental and spinal cord vessels, however the mechanism for thrombus formation is unknown. Platelets form part of the thrombus and amplify and propagate thrombin generation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that EHV-1 activates platelets. We found that two EHV-1 strains, RacL11 and Ab4 at 0.5 or higher plaque forming unit/cell, activate platelets within 10 minutes, causing α-granule secretion (surface P-selectin expression) and platelet microvesiculation (increased small events double positive for CD41 and Annexin V). Microvesiculation was more pronounced with the RacL11 strain. Virus-induced P-selectin expression required plasma and 1.0 mM exogenous calcium. P-selectin expression was abolished and microvesiculation was significantly reduced in factor VII- or X-deficient human plasma. Both P-selectin expression and microvesiculation were re-established in factor VII-deficient human plasma with added purified human factor VIIa (1 nM). A glycoprotein C-deficient mutant of the Ab4 strain activated platelets as effectively as non-mutated Ab4. P-selectin expression was abolished and microvesiculation was significantly reduced by preincubation of virus with a goat polyclonal anti-rabbit tissue factor antibody. Infectious virus could be retrieved from washed EHV-1-exposed platelets, suggesting a direct platelet-virus interaction. Our results indicate that EHV-1 activates equine platelets and that α-granule secretion is a consequence of virus-associated tissue factor triggering factor X activation and thrombin generation. Microvesiculation was only partly tissue factor and thrombin-dependent, suggesting the virus causes microvesiculation through other mechanisms, potentially through direct binding. These findings suggest that EHV-1-induced platelet activation could contribute to the thrombosis that occurs in clinically infected horses and provides a new mechanism by which viruses activate hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Stokol
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Wee Ming Yeo
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Deborah Burnett
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicole DeAngelis
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Teng Huang
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - James Catalfamo
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
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Negrotto S, Jaquenod de Giusti C, Rivadeneyra L, Ure AE, Mena HA, Schattner M, Gomez RM. Platelets interact with Coxsackieviruses B and have a critical role in the pathogenesis of virus-induced myocarditis. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:271-82. [PMID: 25393316 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To further understand the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of viral infections we explored platelet interaction with Coxsackieviruses B (CVB) 1 and 3. CVB is a group of viruses that cause the majority of human enterovirus-related viral myocarditis; their receptor (CAR) is expressed on the platelet surface and there is a well-characterized CVB3-induced myocarditis murine model. METHODS Human platelets were infected with CVB1 and 3 and viruses were detected in pellets and in supernatants. C57BL/6J mice with or without platelet depletion were inoculated with CVB3 and peripheral blood and heart samples collected at different times post-infection. RESULTS CVB1 and 3 RNA and a capsid protein were detected in infected platelets. Despite the fact that titration assays in Vero cells showed increasing infectivity titers over time, supernatants and pellets from infected platelets showed similar levels, suggesting that platelets were not susceptible to a replicative infectivity cycle. CVB binding was CAR-independent and resulted in P-selectin and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure. CVB3-infected mice showed a rapid thrombocytopenia that correlated with an increase in platelet PS exposure and platelet-leukocyte aggregates without modification of platelet P-selectin expression or von Willebrand factor levels. Mortality, viremia, heart viral titers and myocarditis were significantly higher in platelet-depleted than normal animals. Type I IFN levels were not changed but IgG levels were lower in infected and platelet-depleted mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that platelets play a critical role in host survival and immune response against CVB3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Negrotto
- Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, ANM-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Koupenova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jane E. Freedman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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28
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Assinger A, Kral JB, Yaiw KC, Schrottmaier WC, Kurzejamska E, Wang Y, Mohammad AA, Religa P, Rahbar A, Schabbauer G, Butler LM, Söderberg-Naucler C. Human cytomegalovirus-platelet interaction triggers toll-like receptor 2-dependent proinflammatory and proangiogenic responses. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:801-9. [PMID: 24558109 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen that correlates with various clinical complications, including atherosclerosis. HCMV is released into the circulation during primary infection and periodic viral reactivation, allowing virus-platelet interactions. Platelets are important in the onset and development of atherosclerosis, but the consequences of platelet-HCMV interactions are unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We studied the effects of HCMV-platelet interactions in blood from healthy donors using the purified clinical HCMV isolate VR1814. We demonstrated that HCMV bound to a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-positive platelet subpopulation, which resulted in signal transduction, degranulation, and release of proinflammatory CD40L and interleukin-1β and proangiogenic vascular endothelial-derived growth factor. In mice, murine CMV activated wild-type but not TLR2-deficient platelets. However, supernatant from murine CMV-stimulated wild-type platelets also activated TLR2-deficient platelets, indicating that activated platelets generated soluble mediators that triggered further platelet activation, independent of TLR2 expression. Inhibitor studies, using ADP receptor antagonists and apyrase, revealed that ADP release is important to trigger secondary platelet activation in response to HCMV. HCMV-activated platelets rapidly bound to and activated neutrophils, supporting their adhesion and transmigration through endothelial monolayers. In an in vivo model, murine CMV induced systemic upregulation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates and plasma vascular endothelial-derived growth factor in mice and showed a tendency to enhance neutrophil extravasation in a TLR2-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS HCMV is a well-adapted pathogen that does not induce immediate thrombotic events. However, HCMV-platelet interactions lead to proinflammatory and proangiogenic responses, which exacerbate tissue damage and contribute to atherogenesis. Therefore, platelets might contribute to the effects of HCMV in accelerating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Assinger
- From the Department of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.A., K.C.Y., E.K., Y.W., A.-A.M., P.R., A.R., L.M.B., C.S.-N.); Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.A., J.B.K., W.C.S., G.S.); Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (E.K.); and Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (Y.W.)
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Gresele P, Falcinelli E, Momi S, Francisci D, Baldelli F. Highly active antiretroviral therapy-related mechanisms of endothelial and platelet function alterations. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2014; 15 Suppl 1:S9-S20. [PMID: 24987863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection into a chronic condition, which has allowed the infected population to age and become prone to chronic degenerative diseases common to the general population, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and coronary artery disease (CAD). Possible causative mechanisms of HIV-associated CAD are related to classic cardiovascular risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and fat redistribution, which may be due to either HIV infection or to HAART-associated toxicity. However, other mechanisms are emerging as crucial for the cardiovascular complication of HIV and HAART. This article analyzes the effects of HIV and HAART on endothelial function, endothelium-leukocyte interactions, and platelets as possible mechanisms of enhanced cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Franco Baldelli
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine and Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Beck Z, Jagodzinski LL, Eller MA, Thelian D, Matyas GR, Kunz AN, Alving CR. Platelets and erythrocyte-bound platelets bind infectious HIV-1 in plasma of chronically infected patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81002. [PMID: 24282562 PMCID: PMC3839895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with persistent viremia in most patients, but it remains unclear how free virus may survive the potential hostile effects of plasma. We investigated whether sites might exist on the surfaces of circulating blood cells for protection of infectious HIV-1 particles. Red blood cells (RBC) either from blood of uninfected normal individuals, or from blood obtained without EDTA from chronically infected HIV-1 patients, invariably contained a small number of RBC having attached platelets as determined by flow cytometry, light microscopy, and immunofluorescence microscopy. After mixing normal RBC with platelet-rich plasma, discrete populations of RBC, platelets, and complexes of platelets attached to RBC were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Upon incubation of purified cells or platelets with HIV-1 followed by washing and co-incubation with CD4-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), platelets, and platelet-RBC complexes, but not platelet-free RBC, caused infection of PBMC. Infection was prevented by pre-treating the platelet-RBC complexes with EDTA. Plasma and RBC (comprising a RBC/platelet-RBC mixture) from chronically infected patients with low viral loads were also co-incubated with PBMC ex vivo to determine the presence of infectious HIV-1. All freshly isolated plasmas from the HIV-1-infected donors, obtained in the absence of anticoagulant, were noninfectious. Interestingly, the RBC from most of the patients caused cell-cell infection of PBMC that was prevented by stripping the RBC with EDTA. A monoclonal antibody to DC-SIGN partially inhibited cell-cell HIV-1 infection of PBMC by normal RBC pre-incubated with platelets and HIV-1. We conclude: (a) platelet-free EDTA-free plasma from chronically infected HIV-1 patients, although containing viral RNA, is an environment that lacks detectable infectious HIV-1; (b) platelets and platelet-RBC complexes, but not purified RBC, bind infectious HIV-1; (c) DC-SIGN, and possibly other C-type lectins, may represent binding sites for infectious HIV-1 on platelets and platelet-RBC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Beck
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Linda L. Jagodzinski
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Doris Thelian
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Matyas
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anjali N. Kunz
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl R. Alving
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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Jenne CN, Wong CHY, Zemp FJ, McDonald B, Rahman MM, Forsyth PA, McFadden G, Kubes P. Neutrophils recruited to sites of infection protect from virus challenge by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13:169-80. [PMID: 23414757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils mediate bacterial clearance through various mechanisms, including the release of mesh-like DNA structures or neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that capture bacteria. Although neutrophils are also recruited to sites of viral infection, their role in antiviral innate immunity is less clear. We show that systemic administration of virus analogs or poxvirus infection induces neutrophil recruitment to the liver microvasculature and the release of NETs that protect host cells from virus infection. After systemic intravenous poxvirus challenge, mice exhibit thrombocytopenia and the recruitment of both neutrophils and platelets to the liver vasculature. Circulating platelets interact with, roll along, and adhere to the surface of adherent neutrophils, forming large, dynamic aggregates. These interactions facilitate the release of NETs within the liver vasculature that are able to protect host cells from poxvirus infection. These findings highlight the role of NETs and early tissue-wide responses in preventing viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig N Jenne
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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32
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Vamvakas EC, Hitzler WE. Consistency and proportionality in policy decision-making in blood safety: the case for an all-apheresis platelet supply in Germany. Clin Lab 2013; 59:1-22. [PMID: 23505902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, German investigators presented the first mathematical model finding a significant increase in the risk of HIV, HCV, and HBV transmission when pools of 4 whole-blood-derived buffy-coat platelets, rather than 1 single-donor (apheresis) component, are used to provide one platelet dose. Based, in both cases, on mathematical models employing the incidence/window-period method, the relative risk of transmission from pooled versus apheresis platelets (2.2 or 2.75 for HIV, 2.7 or 3.375 for HCV, and 3.2 or 4.0 for HBV, with pools of 4 or 5 concentrates, respectively) is similar to the difference in risk before (versus after) introduction of HIV-1 and HCV RNA screening. The absolute increase in the risk from pools (1 to 2 HIV-, HCV-, or HBV-infectious platelet doses annually) is much smaller than the yield from HIV-1 and HCV RNA screening projected in the 1990s, but it becomes similar to that yield (with up to 88 infectious platelet doses intercepted) when we consider the next transfusion-transmitted pathogen to emerge in the future. Although pathogen reduction (PR) of platelets would eliminate the difference in risk between pooled and apheresis platelets vis-a-vis viral transmission, PR is not ready for implementation because the safety of PR needs to be investigated further. German transfusion guidelines should be revised to indicate the difference in risk associated with pooled versus apheresis platelets, and transition toward an all-apheresis platelet supply should commence. These actions are consistent with and proportionate to the action taken in the 1990s when screening for HIV-1 and HCV RNA was implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Vamvakas
- Transfusion Center, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
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Davidson DC, Hirschman MP, Sun A, Singh MV, Kasischke K, Maggirwar SB. Excess soluble CD40L contributes to blood brain barrier permeability in vivo: implications for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51793. [PMID: 23251626 PMCID: PMC3520914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the use of anti-retroviral therapies, a majority of HIV-infected individuals still develop HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND), indicating that host inflammatory mediators, in addition to viral proteins, may be contributing to these disorders. Consistently, we have previously shown that levels of the inflammatory mediator soluble CD40L (sCD40L) are elevated in the circulation of HIV-infected, cognitively impaired individuals as compared to their infected, non-impaired counterparts. Recent studies from our group suggest a role for the CD40/CD40L dyad in blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability and interestingly, sCD40L is thought to regulate BBB permeability in other inflammatory disorders of the CNS. Using complementary multiphoton microscopy and quantitative analyses in wild-type and CD40L deficient mice, we now reveal that the HIV transactivator of transcription (Tat) can induce BBB permeability in a CD40L-dependent manner. This permeability of the BBB was found to be the result of aberrant platelet activation induced by Tat, since depletion of platelets prior to treatment reversed Tat-induced BBB permeability. Furthermore, Tat treatment led to an increase in granulocyte antigen 1 (Gr1) positive monocytes, indicating an expansion of the inflammatory subset of cells in these mice, which were found to adhere more readily to the brain microvasculature in Tat treated animals. Exploring the mechanisms by which the BBB becomes compromised during HIV infection has the potential to reveal novel therapeutic targets, thereby aiding in the development of adjunct therapies for the management of HAND, which are currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna C. Davidson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Hirschman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Anita Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Meera V. Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Karl Kasischke
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sanjay B. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Noisakran S, Onlamoon N, Pattanapanyasat K, Hsiao HM, Songprakhon P, Angkasekwinai N, Chokephaibulkit K, Villinger F, Ansari AA, Perng GC. Role of CD61+ cells in thrombocytopenia of dengue patients. Int J Hematol 2012; 96:600-10. [PMID: 22987294 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-012-1175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although hematological disorders with salient features of thrombocytopenia have been well documented in dengue patients, the role of CD61-expressing platelets and the megakaryocytic cell lineage in the pathogenesis of dengue virus (DENV) infection remains largely unexplored. A prospective observational study was performed using blood samples and PBMCs from dengue-confirmed patients, as well as from rhesus monkeys (RM) experimentally infected with DENV. Immunohistochemical staining and FACS techniques were applied to evaluate the frequencies of CD61(+) cells that contained DENV antigen. Highly enriched population of CD61(+) cells was also isolated from acute DENV-infected RM and assayed for DENV RNA by quantitative RT-PCR. Results revealed that DENV antigen was found in small vesicles of varying size, and more frequently in anucleated cells associated with platelets in dengue patients. The DENV antigen-containing cells were CD61(+) and appeared to share characteristics of megakaryocytes. Kinetic profiles of CD61(+) cells from DENV-infected RM revealed a transient increase in CD61(+)CD62P(+) cells early after DENV infection. DENV RNA in a highly enriched population of CD61(+) cells from the infected RM was observed during acute stage. Our results indicate that virus containing CD61(+) cells may be directly linked to the platelet dysfunction and low platelet count characteristics of dengue patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sansanee Noisakran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Dental School Building, Room 429, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Schat KA, Bingham J, Butler JM, Chen LM, Lowther S, Crowley TM, Moore RJ, Donis RO, Lowenthal JW. Role of position 627 of PB2 and the multibasic cleavage site of the hemagglutinin in the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza virus in chickens and ducks. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30960. [PMID: 22363523 PMCID: PMC3283584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses have caused major disease outbreaks in domestic and free-living birds with transmission to humans resulting in 59% mortality amongst 564 cases. The mutation of the amino acid at position 627 of the viral polymerase basic-2 protein (PB2) from glutamic acid (E) in avian isolates to lysine (K) in human isolates is frequently found, but it is not known if this change affects the fitness and pathogenicity of the virus in birds. We show here that horizontal transmission of A/Vietnam/1203/2004 H5N1 (VN/1203) virus in chickens and ducks was not affected by the change of K to E at PB2-627. All chickens died between 21 to 48 hours post infection (pi), while 70% of the ducks survived infection. Virus replication was detected in chickens within 12 hours pi and reached peak titers in spleen, lung and brain between 18 to 24 hours for both viruses. Viral antigen in chickens was predominantly in the endothelium, while in ducks it was present in multiple cell types, including neurons, myocardium, skeletal muscle and connective tissues. Virus replicated to a high titer in chicken thrombocytes and caused upregulation of TLR3 and several cell adhesion molecules, which may explain the rapid virus dissemination and location of viral antigen in endothelium. Virus replication in ducks reached peak values between 2 and 4 days pi in spleen, lung and brain tissues and in contrast to infection in chickens, thrombocytes were not involved. In addition, infection of chickens with low pathogenic VN/1203 caused neuropathology, with E at position PB2-627 causing significantly higher infection rates than K, indicating that it enhances virulence in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel A. Schat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - John Bingham
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeff M. Butler
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Li-Mei Chen
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sue Lowther
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamsyn M. Crowley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Biotechnology, Chemistry and Systems Biology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J. Moore
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruben O. Donis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John W. Lowenthal
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Onan E, Uskudar O, Coşkun Y, Akkiz H. Higher hepatitis C [correction of hepatis C ] virus concentration in platelets than in plasma in a patient with ITP. Platelets 2011; 23:413-4. [PMID: 22010990 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2011.625457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Landrø L, Ueland T, Otterdal K, Frøland SS, Aukrust P. Persistently raised plasma levels of platelet-derived inflammatory mediators in HIV-infected patients during highly active anti-retroviral therapy. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1075-7. [PMID: 21324059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Cazenave JP. [Photochemical inactivation of pathogens in platelets and plasma: five years of clinical use in routine and hemovigilance. Towards a change of paradigm in transfusion safety]. Transfus Clin Biol 2011; 18:53-61. [PMID: 21474358 PMCID: PMC7110539 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The transfusion of labile blood products is vital and essential for patients in absence of alternative treatment. Patients and doctors have always feared transfusion-transmitted infections by blood, blood components and blood-derived drugs. Photochemical inactivation of platelet concentrates and plasma, using a technique associating amotosalen and UVA, has been used for five years in a French region for the whole population and a large spectrum of patients, with efficacy and safety. It would seem wise to introduce labile blood products, submitted to pathogen inactivation by a technique already approved by a regulatory agency and not to wait for a perfect system including red blood cells concentrates. Universal implementation of pathogen inactivation in labile blood products is a major and key step to improve safety against infection in transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Cazenave
- Établissement français du sang Alsace, 10, rue Spielmann, BP 36, 67065 Strasbourg cedex, France.
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Weber CF, Heim MU. Pathogen-reduction for platelet concentrates. Clin Lab 2011; 57:293-295. [PMID: 21755817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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41
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Noisakran S, Gibbons RV, Songprakhon P, Jairungsri A, Ajariyakhajorn C, Nisalak A, Jarman RG, Malasit P, Chokephaibulkit K, Perng GC. Detection of dengue virus in platelets isolated from dengue patients. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2009; 40:253-262. [PMID: 19323010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Though thrombocytopenia or dysfunction of platelets is common in dengue virus infection, the role of platelets has not been established. We enrolled 33 hospitalized children with serologically confirmed dengue virus infection. Blood specimens were collected during hospitalization. Platelets and plasma were isolated from the whole blood. Detection of dengue virus in plasma and platelets was carried out by RT-PCR with primers that can differentiate different dengue serotypes simultaneously, and by electron transmission microscopy (EM). Dengue viral RNA was detected in the platelets and plasma by conventional RT-PCR. A significantly higher percentage of dengue viral RNA was detected in platelets than in plasma (p = 0.03). Platelets isolated 5 days after onset of fever were most likely positive for viral RNA. Concurrent infection or co-circulation with multiple dengue serotypes was observed in 12% of patients. Infrequently, negative-stranded dengue viral RNA was detected in platelets and in plasma. Importantly, EM confirmed the presence of dengue viral-like particles inside platelets prepared from dengue patients. Our findings suggest the presence of dengue virus in platelets may be associated with the dysfunction of platelets observed in dengue patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sansanee Noisakran
- Medical Biotechnology Unit, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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de Almeida AJ, Campos-de-Magalhães M, Brandão-Mello CE, de Oliveira RV, do Espirito-Santo MP, Yoshida CFT, Lampe E. Detection of hepatitis C virus in platelets: evaluating its relationship to antiviral therapy outcome. Hepatogastroenterology 2009; 56:429-436. [PMID: 19579615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Detection of HCV has been documented in extrahepatic sites such as platelets. However, its influence on antiviral therapy outcome is unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the detection of HCV in platelets from a cohort of 48 chronically HCV-infected patients and response to antiviral therapy. METHODOLOGY This study comprised of 19 males and 29 females, mean age 54.9 +/- 8.72 years, followed-up in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between August 2004 and October 2006. HCV-RNA was detected in serum and platelets (pre-treatment, end-of-treatment and 24 weeks after completion of therapy) by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction. Patients with genotype 1 or 4 were treated with peginterferon-alfa/ribavirin for 48 weeks, and patients with genotype 3 received interferon-alfa/ribavirin for 24 weeks. RESULTS Baseline detection of HCV in platelets was found not to be related to therapy outcome. However, significant associations between detection rates of HCV in platelets and serum at the end-of-treatment (p = 0.0203), and 24 weeks after completion of therapy (p = 0.0016) were observed. Interestingly, HCV was detected in platelets from two patients with normal ALT who lost detectable serum HCV at the end-of-treatment and, after 24 weeks of followup, relapsed virologically in serum. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that patients with HCV persistence in platelets by the end-of-treatment appear to be at an increased risk of recurrent HCV infection.
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Eder AF, Dy BA, Barton J, Kennedy JM, Benjamin RJ. The American Red Cross Hemovigilance Program: advancing the safety of blood donation and transfusion. Immunohematology 2009; 25:179-185. [PMID: 20406027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A F Eder
- American Red Cross, National Headquarters, Biomedical Services, Medical Office, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD 20855, USA
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Abstract
The main cause of adverse events secondary to the transfusion of platelet concentrates (PC) is due to bacterial contamination. The detection of bacteria in PC is not associated with a beneficial effect in terms of prevention of fatal septic events. Inactivation of pathogen in PC using photochemical techniques is targeted not only to bacteria but also to a wide spectrum of viruses, spirochetes, parasites and leukocytes. Pathogen inactivation is a pro-active method which anticipates the contamination of the blood pool by emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Cazenave
- EFS-Alsace, INSERM U.311, 10 rue Spielmann, 67065 Strasbourg cedex, France.
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45
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Sawyer L, Hanson D, Castro G, Luckett W, Dubensky TW, Stassinopoulos A. Inactivation of parvovirus B19 in human platelet concentrates by treatment with amotosalen and ultraviolet A illumination. Transfusion 2007; 47:1062-70. [PMID: 17524098 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human erythrovirus B19 (B19) is a small (18- to 26-nm) nonenveloped virus with a single-stranded DNA genome of 5.6 kb. B19 is clinically significant and is also generally resistant to pathogen inactivation methods. Photochemical treatment (PCT) with amotosalen and ultraviolet A (UVA) inactivates viruses, bacteria, and protozoa in platelets (PLTs) and plasma prepared for transfusion. In this study, the capacity of PCT to inactivate B19 in human PLT concentrates was evaluated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS B19 inactivation was measured by a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) erythroid progenitor cell infectivity assay and by inhibition of long-range (up to 4.3 kb) polymerase chain reaction (PCR), under conditions where the whole coding region of the viral genome was amplified. B19-infected plasma was used to test whether incubation of amotosalen with virus before PCT enhanced inactivation compared to immediate PCT. RESULTS Inactivation of up to 5.8 log of B19 as measured by the infectivity assay, or up to 6 logs as measured by PCR inhibition can be achieved under non-limiting conditions. Inactivation efficacy was found to increase with incubation prior to UVA illumination. Without incubation prior to illumination 2.1 +0.4 log was inactivated as determined by infectivity assay. When measured by PCR inhibition, inactivation varied inversely with amplicon size. When primers that spanned the entire coding region of the B19 genome were used, maximum inhibition of PCR amplification was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Under defined conditions, PCT with amotosalen combined with UVA light can be used to inactivate B19, a clinically significant virus that can be transmitted through blood transfusion, and heretofore has been demonstrated to be refractory to inactivation.
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Abstract
This project explores the specificity of myeloid human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Eighty-one subjects with ITP were observed. HCMV early antigen and related myeloid cells in bone marrow, and platelet, HCMV IgM, and IgG in blood were tested. The results presented potent evidence that myeloid HCMV infection is a specific factor in children's ITP: patients of ITP with myeloid HCMV infection had a tendency for exacerbation, refractoriness, and chronic advance. However, HCMV did not affect the quantity of megakaryocyte, which showed the complicated relationships between HCMV and ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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47
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de Almeida AJ, Campos-de-Magalhães M, Brandão-Mello CE, de Oliveira RV, Yoshida CFT, Lampe E. Detection of hepatitis C virus in platelets: evaluating its relationship to viral and host factors. Hepatogastroenterology 2007; 54:964-8. [PMID: 17591104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Interaction of platelets with HCV is presumed to be one of the pathogenic mechanisms implicated in HCV-associated thrombocytopenia. Nevertheless, analysis of factors influencing the detection of HCV in platelets is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the detection of HCV in platelets from a cohort of 39 chronically HCV-infected patients and several viral and host factors. METHODOLOGY This study comprised of 14 males and 25 females with a median age of 53 years, followed-up in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between August 2003 and December 2004. HCV-RNA was detected in serum and platelet samples by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes were determined by using direct nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products and plasma viral loads by using HCV-Amplicor Monitor 2.0. RESULTS When compared on the basis of the results of the detection of HCV-RNA in platelets, patients did not differ significantly in relation to viral load and genotype, platelet count, aminotransferases and degree of hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that HCV can be detected in platelets of chronically HCV-infected patients independent of these cofactors, including circulating HCV load. Studies on HCV dynamics are needed to provide new insights into HCV binding to platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilson José de Almeida
- Department of Virology Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil no4365, CEP 21040-900, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Gallian P, Vignoli C, Dombey AM, Mayaudon V, Lin L, Galichet V, Cantaloube JF, De Micco P. Inactivation of a European strain of West Nile virus in single- donor platelet concentrate using the INTERCEPT blood system. Vox Sang 2006; 91:345-7. [PMID: 17105611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In order to prevent West Nile virus (WNV) contaminations by transfusion, the French National Blood Service decided to evaluate the INTERCEPT Blood System's efficiency on a European strain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Culture supernatant of WNV was used to infect six platelets concentrates. Viral titre was determined by plaque reduction neutralization test before and after viral inactivation using the INTERCEPT Blood System. RESULTS In all assays, the absence of plaque forming unit was observed after viral inactivation. The log reduction observed ranged between > 5.1 logs to > 5.2 logs. CONCLUSION INTERCEPT Blood System is a commercially viral inactivation method potentially useful in order to prevent WNV transmission by blood products in France during re-emerging outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gallian
- Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
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Chaipan C, Soilleux EJ, Simpson P, Hofmann H, Gramberg T, Marzi A, Geier M, Stewart EA, Eisemann J, Steinkasserer A, Suzuki-Inoue K, Fuller GL, Pearce AC, Watson SP, Hoxie JA, Baribaud F, Pöhlmann S. DC-SIGN and CLEC-2 mediate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capture by platelets. J Virol 2006; 80:8951-60. [PMID: 16940507 PMCID: PMC1563896 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00136-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets can engulf human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), and a significant amount of HIV-1 in the blood of infected individuals is associated with these cells. However, it is unclear how platelets capture HIV-1 and whether platelet-associated virus remains infectious. DC-SIGN and other lectins contribute to capture of HIV-1 by dendritic cells (DCs) and facilitate HIV-1 spread in DC/T-cell cocultures. Here, we show that platelets express both the C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2) and low levels of DC-SIGN. CLEC-2 bound to HIV-1, irrespective of the presence of the viral envelope protein, and facilitated HIV-1 capture by platelets. However, a substantial fraction of the HIV-1 binding activity of platelets was dependent on DC-SIGN. A combination of DC-SIGN and CLEC-2 inhibitors strongly reduced HIV-1 association with platelets, indicating that these lectins are required for efficient HIV-1 binding to platelets. Captured HIV-1 was maintained in an infectious state over several days, suggesting that HIV-1 can escape degradation by platelets and might use these cells to promote its spread. Our results identify CLEC-2 as a novel HIV-1 attachment factor and provide evidence that platelets capture and transfer infectious HIV-1 via DC-SIGN and CLEC-2, thereby possibly facilitating HIV-1 dissemination in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawaree Chaipan
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Glückstrasse 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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50
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) interacts with human platelets in vivo as a potential transport of infectious virions to the target liver. The binding of native viral particles with the platelet membrane glycoprotein VI (GPVI) was analysed. A consistent interaction between HCV from plasma or after purification by two different methods and the recombinant extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains of human GPVI (hD1D2) was observed with two independent experimental approaches: pull-down and ELISA assays. Between 2 and 7 % of HCV particles were specifically bound to hD1D2. The binding was inhibited by an anti-hD1D2 in a dose-dependent manner. Human D1D2 interaction with HCV was significantly higher than the murine D1D2, supporting the specificity of the interaction and to the single human domains (D1 and D2), suggesting that both Ig-like domains of the molecule are required for efficient binding. GPVI may be a platelet surface ligand for HCV playing a role in viral transport and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Zahn
- National Blood Service, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
| | - Nicola Jennings
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
| | - Willem H Ouwehand
- National Blood Service, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Allain
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PT, UK
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