1
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Mylka V, Matetovici I, Poovathingal S, Aerts J, Vandamme N, Seurinck R, Verstaen K, Hulselmans G, Van den Hoecke S, Scheyltjens I, Movahedi K, Wils H, Reumers J, Van Houdt J, Aerts S, Saeys Y. Comparative analysis of antibody- and lipid-based multiplexing methods for single-cell RNA-seq. Genome Biol 2022; 23:55. [PMID: 35172874 PMCID: PMC8851857 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiplexing of samples in single-cell RNA-seq studies allows a significant reduction of the experimental costs, straightforward identification of doublets, increased cell throughput, and reduction of sample-specific batch effects. Recently published multiplexing techniques using oligo-conjugated antibodies or -lipids allow barcoding sample-specific cells, a process called "hashing." RESULTS Here, we compare the hashing performance of TotalSeq-A and -C antibodies, custom synthesized lipids and MULTI-seq lipid hashes in four cell lines, both for single-cell RNA-seq and single-nucleus RNA-seq. We also compare TotalSeq-B antibodies with CellPlex reagents (10x Genomics) on human PBMCs and TotalSeq-B with different lipids on primary mouse tissues. Hashing efficiency was evaluated using the intrinsic genetic variation of the cell lines and mouse strains. Antibody hashing was further evaluated on clinical samples using PBMCs from healthy and SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, where we demonstrate a more affordable approach for large single-cell sequencing clinical studies, while simultaneously reducing batch effects. CONCLUSIONS Benchmarking of different hashing strategies and computational pipelines indicates that correct demultiplexing can be achieved with both lipid- and antibody-hashed human cells and nuclei, with MULTISeqDemux as the preferred demultiplexing function and antibody-based hashing as the most efficient protocol on cells. On nuclei datasets, lipid hashing delivers the best results. Lipid hashing also outperforms antibodies on cells isolated from mouse brain. However, antibodies demonstrate better results on tissues like spleen or lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav Mylka
- VIB Tech Watch, VIB Headquarters, Ghent, Belgium
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irina Matetovici
- VIB Tech Watch, VIB Headquarters, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jeroen Aerts
- VIB Tech Watch, VIB Headquarters, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Vandamme
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruth Seurinck
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Verstaen
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert Hulselmans
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Isabelle Scheyltjens
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans Wils
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Joke Reumers
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Houdt
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Stein Aerts
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Mairpady Shambat S, Gómez-Mejia A, Schweizer TA, Huemer M, Chang CC, Acevedo C, Bergada-Pijuan J, Vulin C, Hofmaenner DA, Scheier TC, Hertegonne S, Parietti E, Miroshnikova N, Wendel Garcia PD, Hilty MP, Buehler PK, Schuepbach RA, Brugger SD, Zinkernagel AS. Hyperinflammatory environment drives dysfunctional myeloid cell effector response to bacterial challenge in COVID-19. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010176. [PMID: 35007290 PMCID: PMC8782468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 displays diverse disease severities and symptoms including acute systemic inflammation and hypercytokinemia, with subsequent dysregulation of immune cells. Bacterial superinfections in COVID-19 can further complicate the disease course and are associated with increased mortality. However, there is limited understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and hypercytokinemia impede the innate immune function against bacterial superinfections. We assessed the influence of COVID-19 plasma hypercytokinemia on the functional responses of myeloid immune cells upon bacterial challenges from acute-phase COVID-19 patients and their corresponding recovery-phase. We show that a severe hypercytokinemia status in COVID-19 patients correlates with the development of bacterial superinfections. Neutrophils and monocytes derived from COVID-19 patients in their acute-phase showed an impaired intracellular microbicidal capacity upon bacterial challenges. The impaired microbicidal capacity was reflected by abrogated MPO and reduced NETs production in neutrophils along with reduced ROS production in both neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, we observed a distinct pattern of cell surface receptor expression on both neutrophils and monocytes, in line with suppressed autocrine and paracrine cytokine signaling. This phenotype was characterized by a high expression of CD66b, CXCR4 and low expression of CXCR1, CXCR2 and CD15 in neutrophils and low expression of HLA-DR, CD86 and high expression of CD163 and CD11b in monocytes. Furthermore, the impaired antibacterial effector function was mediated by synergistic effect of the cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4. COVID-19 patients receiving dexamethasone showed a significant reduction of overall inflammatory markers in the plasma as well as exhibited an enhanced immune response towards bacterial challenge ex vivo. Finally, broad anti-inflammatory treatment was associated with a reduction in CRP, IL-6 levels as well as length of ICU stay and ventilation-days in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Our data provides insights into the transient functional dysregulation of myeloid immune cells against subsequent bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients and describe a beneficial role for the use of dexamethasone in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Mairpady Shambat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Mejia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano A. Schweizer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Huemer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Chi Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Acevedo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Judith Bergada-Pijuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clément Vulin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel A. Hofmaenner
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas C. Scheier
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sanne Hertegonne
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Parietti
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nataliya Miroshnikova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro D. Wendel Garcia
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P. Hilty
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Karl Buehler
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto A. Schuepbach
- Institute of Intensive Care, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvio D. Brugger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S. Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Tsai MS, Wang LC, Tsai HY, Lin YJ, Wu HL, Tzeng SF, Hsu SM, Chen SH. Microglia Reduce Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Lethality of Mice with Decreased T Cell and Interferon Responses in Brains. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212457. [PMID: 34830340 PMCID: PMC8624831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects the majority of the human population and can induce encephalitis, which is the most common cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis. An increase of microglia is detected in the brains of encephalitis patients. The issues regarding whether and how microglia protect the host and neurons from HSV-1 infection remain elusive. Using a murine infection model, we showed that HSV-1 infection on corneas increased the number of microglia to outnumber those of infiltrating leukocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells) and enhanced microglia activation in brains. HSV-1 antigens were detected in brain neurons, which were surrounded by microglia. Microglia depletion increased HSV-1 lethality of mice with elevated brain levels of viral loads, infected neurons, neuron loss, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, neutrophils, interferon (IFN)-β, and IFN-γ. In vitro studies demonstrated that microglia from infected mice reduced virus infectivity. Moreover, microglia induced IFN-β and the signaling pathway of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 to inhibit viral replication and damage of neurons. Our study reveals how microglia protect the host and neurons from HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shan Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (M.-S.T.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Li-Chiu Wang
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Yang Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung 427, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Jheng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (M.-S.T.); (H.-L.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-M.H.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (M.-S.T.); (H.-L.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-M.H.); (S.-H.C.)
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4
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Kim SJ, Carestia A, McDonald B, Zucoloto AZ, Grosjean H, Davis RP, Turk M, Naumenko V, Antoniak S, Mackman N, Abdul-Cader MS, Abdul-Careem MF, Hollenberg MD, Jenne CN. Platelet-Mediated NET Release Amplifies Coagulopathy and Drives Lung Pathology During Severe Influenza Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772859. [PMID: 34858432 PMCID: PMC8632260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus (IAV) causes a respiratory tract infection with approximately 10% of the population infected by the virus each year. Severe IAV infection is characterized by excessive inflammation and tissue pathology in the lungs. Platelet and neutrophil recruitment to the lung are involved in the pathogenesis of IAV, but the specific mechanisms involved have not been clarified. Using confocal intravital microscopy in a mouse model of IAV infection, we observed profound neutrophil recruitment, platelet aggregation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) production and thrombin activation within the lung microvasculature in vivo. Importantly, deficiency or antagonism of the protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) reduced platelet aggregation, NET production, and neutrophil recruitment. Critically, inhibition of thrombin or PAR4 protected mice from virus-induced lung tissue damage and edema. Together, these data imply thrombin-stimulated platelets play a critical role in the activation/recruitment of neutrophils, NET release and directly contribute to IAV pathogenesis in the lung.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Coagulation Disorders/immunology
- Blood Coagulation Disorders/metabolism
- Blood Coagulation Disorders/virology
- Blood Platelets/immunology
- Blood Platelets/metabolism
- Blood Platelets/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Traps/immunology
- Extracellular Traps/metabolism
- Extracellular Traps/virology
- Female
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/virology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Neutrophil Infiltration/immunology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/virology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/metabolism
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Platelet Aggregation/immunology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Joo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Agostina Carestia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Braedon McDonald
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda Z. Zucoloto
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Heidi Grosjean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rachelle P. Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Madison Turk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Victor Naumenko
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Silvio Antoniak
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nigel Mackman
- UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Morley D. Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Craig N. Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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5
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Latha K, Jamison KF, Watford WT. Tpl2 Ablation Leads to Hypercytokinemia and Excessive Cellular Infiltration to the Lungs During Late Stages of Influenza Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738490. [PMID: 34691044 PMCID: PMC8529111 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a serine-threonine kinase known to promote inflammation in response to various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), inflammatory cytokines and G-protein-coupled receptors and consequently aids in host resistance to pathogens. We have recently shown that Tpl2-/- mice succumb to infection with a low-pathogenicity strain of influenza (x31, H3N2) by an unknown mechanism. In this study, we sought to characterize the cytokine and immune cell profile of influenza-infected Tpl2-/- mice to gain insight into its host protective effects. Although Tpl2-/- mice display modestly impaired viral control, no virus was observed in the lungs of Tpl2-/- mice on the day of peak morbidity and mortality suggesting that morbidity is not due to virus cytopathic effects but rather to an overactive antiviral immune response. Indeed, increased levels of interferon-β (IFN-β), the IFN-inducible monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2), Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α; CCL3), MIP-1β (CCL4), RANTES (CCL5), IP-10 (CXCL10) and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was observed in the lungs of influenza-infected Tpl2-/- mice at 7 days post infection (dpi). Elevated cytokine and chemokines were accompanied by increased infiltration of the lungs with inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils. Additionally, we noted that increased IFN-β correlated with increased CCL2, CXCL1 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression in the lungs, which has been associated with severe influenza infections. Bone marrow chimeras with Tpl2 ablation localized to radioresistant cells confirmed that Tpl2 functions, at least in part, within radioresistant cells to limit pro-inflammatory response to viral infection. Collectively, this study suggests that Tpl2 tempers inflammation during influenza infection by constraining the production of interferons and chemokines which are known to promote the recruitment of detrimental inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Latha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Katelyn F. Jamison
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Wendy T. Watford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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6
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Jones R, Manickam C, Ram DR, Kroll K, Hueber B, Woolley G, Shah SV, Smith S, Varner V, Reeves RK. Systemic and mucosal mobilization of granulocyte subsets during lentiviral infection. Immunology 2021; 164:348-357. [PMID: 34037988 PMCID: PMC8442246 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocytes mediate broad immunoprotection through phagocytosis, extracellular traps, release of cytotoxic granules, antibody effector functions and recruitment of other immune cells against pathogens. However, descriptions of granulocytes in HIV infection and mucosal tissues are limited. Our goal was to characterize granulocyte subsets in systemic, mucosal and lymphoid tissues during lentiviral infection using the rhesus macaque (RM) model. Mononuclear cells from jejunum, colon, cervix, vagina, lymph nodes, spleen, liver and whole blood from experimentally naïve and chronically SHIVsf162p3-infected RM were analysed by microscopy and polychromatic flow cytometry. Granulocytes were identified using phenotypes designed specifically for RM: eosinophils-CD45+ CD66+ CD49d+ ; neutrophils-CD45+ CD66+ CD14+ ; and basophils-CD45+ CD123+ FcRε+ . Nuclear visualization with DAPI staining and surface marker images by ImageStream (cytometry/microscopy) further confirmed granulocytic phenotypes. Flow cytometric data showed that all RM granulocytes expressed CD32 (FcRγII) but did not express CD16 (FcRγIII). Additionally, constitutive expression of CD64 (FcRγI) on neutrophils and FcRε on basophils indicates the differential expression of Fc receptors on granulocyte subsets. Granulocytic subsets in naïve whole blood ranged from 25·4% to 81·5% neutrophils, 0·59% to 13·3% eosinophils and 0·059% to 1·8% basophils. Interestingly, elevated frequencies of circulating neutrophils, colorectal neutrophils and colorectal eosinophils were all observed in chronic lentiviral disease. Conversely, circulating basophils, jejunal eosinophils, vaginal neutrophils and vaginal eosinophils of SHIVsf162p3-infected RM declined in frequency. Overall, our data suggest modulation of granulocytes in chronic lentiviral infection, most notably in the gastrointestinal mucosae where a significant inflammation and disruption occurs in lentivirus-induced disease. Furthermore, granulocytes may migrate to inflamed tissues during infection and could serve as targets of immunotherapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna Jones
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Daniel R. Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Kyle Kroll
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Brady Hueber
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Griffin Woolley
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Spandan V. Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Scott Smith
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Valerie Varner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems ImmunologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA
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7
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been spread around the world and is currently affecting global public health. Clinical evidence indicates that the elevated number of peripheral neutrophils and higher ratio of neutrophils-to-lymphocytes are correlated with severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients, suggesting the possible immunopathological role of neutrophils during SARS-CoV-2 infection. As an abundant innate immune cell type, neutrophils are well known for their contributions to antimicrobial defense. However, their dysfunction is also associated with different inflammatory signatures during the pathogenesis of infection. Herein, in this mini-review, we summarize the recent progress on the potential role of neutrophils during COVID-19-associated inflammatory responses. In particular, we highlight the interactions between neutrophils and viruses as well as the relationship of neutrophils with cytokine storm and thrombosis in COVID-19 patients. Lastly, we discuss the importance of neutrophils as potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Nan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hong-Yu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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8
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Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the betacoronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus that can mediate asymptomatic or fatal infections characterized by pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure. Several studies have highlighted the importance of B and T lymphocytes, given that neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses are required for an effective immunity. In addition, other reports have described myeloid cells such as macrophages and monocytes play a major role in the immunity against SARS-CoV-2 as well as dysregulated pro-inflammatory signature that characterizes severe COVID-19. During COVID-19, neutrophils have been defined as a heterogeneous group of cells, functionally linked to severe inflammation and thrombosis triggered by degranulation and NETosis, but also to suppressive phenotypes. The physiological role of suppressive neutrophils during COVID-19 and their implications in severe disease have been poorly studied and is not well understood. Here, we discuss the current evidence regarding the role of neutrophils with suppressive properties such as granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) and their possible role in suppressing CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes expansion and giving rise to lymphopenia in severe COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán F. Peñaloza
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Prabir Ray
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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9
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Chan M, Vijay S, McNevin J, McElrath MJ, Holland EC, Gujral TS. Machine learning identifies molecular regulators and therapeutics for targeting SARS-CoV2-induced cytokine release. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e10426. [PMID: 34486798 PMCID: PMC8420181 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although 15-20% of COVID-19 patients experience hyper-inflammation induced by massive cytokine production, cellular triggers of this process and strategies to target them remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein substantially induces multiple inflammatory molecules in myeloid cells and human PBMCs. Using a combination of phenotypic screening with machine learning-based modeling, we identified and experimentally validated several protein kinases, including JAK1, EPHA7, IRAK1, MAPK12, and MAP3K8, as essential downstream mediators of NTD-induced cytokine production, implicating the role of multiple signaling pathways in cytokine release. Further, we found several FDA-approved drugs, including ponatinib, and cobimetinib as potent inhibitors of the NTD-mediated cytokine release. Treatment with ponatinib outperforms other drugs, including dexamethasone and baricitinib, inhibiting all cytokines in response to the NTD from SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. Finally, ponatinib treatment inhibits lipopolysaccharide-mediated cytokine release in myeloid cells in vitro and lung inflammation mouse model. Together, we propose that agents targeting multiple kinases required for SARS-CoV-2-mediated cytokine release, such as ponatinib, may represent an attractive therapeutic option for treating moderate to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Chan
- Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - Siddharth Vijay
- Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - John McNevin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
| | - Taranjit S Gujral
- Human Biology DivisionFred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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10
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Wilk AJ, Lee MJ, Wei B, Parks B, Pi R, Martínez-Colón GJ, Ranganath T, Zhao NQ, Taylor S, Becker W, Jimenez-Morales D, Blomkalns AL, O’Hara R, Ashley EA, Nadeau KC, Yang S, Holmes S, Rabinovitch M, Rogers AJ, Greenleaf WJ, Blish CA. Multi-omic profiling reveals widespread dysregulation of innate immunity and hematopoiesis in COVID-19. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210582. [PMID: 34128959 PMCID: PMC8210586 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of protective versus pathological immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is limited by inadequate profiling of patients at the extremes of the disease severity spectrum. Here, we performed multi-omic single-cell immune profiling of 64 COVID-19 patients across the full range of disease severity, from outpatients with mild disease to fatal cases. Our transcriptomic, epigenomic, and proteomic analyses revealed widespread dysfunction of peripheral innate immunity in severe and fatal COVID-19, including prominent hyperactivation signatures in neutrophils and NK cells. We also identified chromatin accessibility changes at NF-κB binding sites within cytokine gene loci as a potential mechanism for the striking lack of pro-inflammatory cytokine production observed in monocytes in severe and fatal COVID-19. We further demonstrated that emergency myelopoiesis is a prominent feature of fatal COVID-19. Collectively, our results reveal disease severity-associated immune phenotypes in COVID-19 and identify pathogenesis-associated pathways that are potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Wilk
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Madeline J. Lee
- Stanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Bei Wei
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Benjamin Parks
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Graduate Program in Computer Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ruoxi Pi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Thanmayi Ranganath
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Nancy Q. Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Shalina Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Winston Becker
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | - Andra L. Blomkalns
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ruth O’Hara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Euan A. Ashley
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Samuel Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Susan Holmes
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Marlene Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Angela J. Rogers
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - William J. Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
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11
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Stacey HD, Golubeva D, Posca A, Ang JC, Novakowski KE, Zahoor MA, Kaushic C, Cairns E, Bowdish DME, Mullarkey CE, Miller MS. IgA potentiates NETosis in response to viral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101497118. [PMID: 34183391 PMCID: PMC8271757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101497118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA is the second most abundant antibody present in circulation and is enriched at mucosal surfaces. As such, IgA plays a key role in protection against a variety of mucosal pathogens including viruses. In addition to neutralizing viruses directly, IgA can also stimulate Fc-dependent effector functions via engagement of Fc alpha receptors (Fc-αRI) expressed on the surface of certain immune effector cells. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte, express Fc-αRI, and are often the first to respond to sites of injury and infection. Here, we describe a function for IgA-virus immune complexes (ICs) during viral infections. We show that IgA-virus ICs potentiate NETosis-the programmed cell-death pathway through which neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Mechanistically, IgA-virus ICs potentiated a suicidal NETosis pathway via engagement of Fc-αRI on neutrophils through a toll-like receptor-independent, NADPH oxidase complex-dependent pathway. NETs also were capable of trapping and inactivating viruses, consistent with an antiviral function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah D Stacey
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Diana Golubeva
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Alyssa Posca
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Jann C Ang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Kyle E Novakowski
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Muhammad Atif Zahoor
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Charu Kaushic
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Ewa Cairns
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 3K7
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 3K7
| | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Caitlin E Mullarkey
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1;
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4K1
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12
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Perea L, Rodríguez-Rubio L, Nieto JC, Zamora C, Cantó E, Soriano G, Poca M, Blanco-Picazo P, Navarro F, Muniesa M, Vidal S. Bacteriophages immunomodulate the response of monocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1263-1268. [PMID: 33641443 PMCID: PMC8371303 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221995154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are present in fluids from cirrhosis patients. However, their effect on the immune response is unknown. In this work, we explore the role of phages in the phenotype, function, and cytokine production of monocytes. We stimulated healthy monocytes with five different butanol-purified phage suspensions infective for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. We studied the expression of the monocyte markers involved in lipopolysaccharide recognition (LPS; CD14), antigen presentation (HLA-DR) and co-stimulation (CD86), and the concentration of induced cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-α, and IL-10) by phages. To confirm the direct role of phages without the interference of contaminating soluble LPS in phage suspensions, polymyxin B was added to the cell cultures. Phagocytosis experiments were assessed by flow cytometry using labeled phage suspensions. We observed that butanol-purified phages reduced the surface levels of CD14 and CD86 in monocytes and increased the secreted levels of TNF-α and IL-10 compared with the control sample containing only butanol buffer. All phage suspensions showed downregulation of HLA-DR expression but only Staphylococcus aureus phage contaminated with Escherichia coli reached statistical significance. The addition of polymyxin B did not restore the monocytic response induced by phages, suggesting that the effect was not caused by the presence of LPS. Monocytes were able to phagocyte phages in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To conclude, the phagocytosis of butanol-purified phages altered the phenotype and cytokine production of monocytes suggesting they become tolerogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Perea
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Juan C Nieto
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Carlos Zamora
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cantó
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - German Soriano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Poca
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pedro Blanco-Picazo
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ferran Navarro
- Microbiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain. Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maite Muniesa
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Silvia Vidal
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona 08041, Spain
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13
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Lebratti T, Lim YS, Cofie A, Andhey P, Jiang X, Scott J, Fabbrizi MR, Ozantürk AN, Pham C, Clemens R, Artyomov M, Dinauer M, Shin H. A sustained type I IFN-neutrophil-IL-18 axis drives pathology during mucosal viral infection. eLife 2021; 10:e65762. [PMID: 34047696 PMCID: PMC8163503 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil responses against pathogens must be balanced between protection and immunopathology. Factors that determine these outcomes are not well-understood. In a mouse model of genital herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infection, which results in severe genital inflammation, antibody-mediated neutrophil depletion reduced disease. Comparative single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of vaginal cells against a model of genital HSV-1 infection, which results in mild inflammation, demonstrated sustained expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) only after HSV-2 infection primarily within the neutrophil population. Both therapeutic blockade of IFNα/β receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and genetic deletion of IFNAR1 in neutrophils concomitantly decreased HSV-2 genital disease severity and vaginal IL-18 levels. Therapeutic neutralization of IL-18 also diminished genital inflammation, indicating an important role for this cytokine in promoting neutrophil-dependent immunopathology. Our study reveals that sustained type I interferon (IFN) signaling is a driver of pathogenic neutrophil responses and identifies IL-18 as a novel component of disease during genital HSV-2 infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Herpes Genitalis/immunology
- Herpes Genitalis/metabolism
- Herpes Genitalis/prevention & control
- Herpes Genitalis/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 2, Human/pathogenicity
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Interleukin-18/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mucous Membrane/drug effects
- Mucous Membrane/innervation
- Mucous Membrane/metabolism
- Mucous Membrane/virology
- Neutrophil Activation/drug effects
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/virology
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Vagina/drug effects
- Vagina/immunology
- Vagina/metabolism
- Vagina/virology
- Vero Cells
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Lebratti
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Ying Shiang Lim
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Adjoa Cofie
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Prabhakar Andhey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Jason Scott
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Maria Rita Fabbrizi
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Ayşe Naz Ozantürk
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Christine Pham
- Department of Medicine/Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Regina Clemens
- Department of Pediatrics/Division of Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Maxim Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Mary Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics/Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Haina Shin
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
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14
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Koss CK, Wohnhaas CT, Baker JR, Tilp C, Przibilla M, Lerner C, Frey S, Keck M, Williams CMM, Peter D, Ramanujam M, Fine J, Gantner F, Thomas M, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE, El Kasmi KC. IL36 is a critical upstream amplifier of neutrophilic lung inflammation in mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:172. [PMID: 33558616 PMCID: PMC7870940 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-36, which belongs to the IL-1 superfamily, is increasingly linked to neutrophilic inflammation. Here, we combined in vivo and in vitro approaches using primary mouse and human cells, as well as, acute and chronic mouse models of lung inflammation to provide mechanistic insight into the intercellular signaling pathways and mechanisms through which IL-36 promotes lung inflammation. IL-36 receptor deficient mice exposed to cigarette smoke or cigarette smoke and H1N1 influenza virus had attenuated lung inflammation compared with wild-type controls. We identified neutrophils as a source of IL-36 and show that IL-36 is a key upstream amplifier of lung inflammation by promoting activation of neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts through cooperation with GM-CSF and the viral mimic poly(I:C). Our data implicate IL-36, independent of other IL-1 family members, as a key upstream amplifier of neutrophilic lung inflammation, providing a rationale for targeting IL-36 to improve treatment of a variety of neutrophilic lung diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cigarette Smoking
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fibroblasts/immunology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Interleukin-1/genetics
- Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/virology
- Macrophage Activation
- Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neutrophil Activation
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/virology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/genetics
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/metabolism
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Pneumonia, Viral/genetics
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin K Koss
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian T Wohnhaas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonathan R Baker
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cornelia Tilp
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Carmen Lerner
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Silvia Frey
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Martina Keck
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Cara M M Williams
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
- WRDM, Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Peter
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Meera Ramanujam
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Jay Fine
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Florian Gantner
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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15
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Nicolai L, Leunig A, Brambs S, Kaiser R, Joppich M, Hoffknecht ML, Gold C, Engel A, Polewka V, Muenchhoff M, Hellmuth JC, Ruhle A, Ledderose S, Weinberger T, Schulz H, Scherer C, Rudelius M, Zoller M, Keppler OT, Zwißler B, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Kääb S, Zimmer R, Bülow RD, von Stillfried S, Boor P, Massberg S, Pekayvaz K, Stark K. Vascular neutrophilic inflammation and immunothrombosis distinguish severe COVID-19 from influenza pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:574-581. [PMID: 33217134 PMCID: PMC7753335 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to severe pneumonia, but also thrombotic complications and non-pulmonary organ failure. Recent studies suggest intravascular neutrophil activation and subsequent immune cell-triggered immunothrombosis as a central pathomechanism linking the heterogenous clinical picture of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to study whether immunothrombosis is a pathognomonic factor in COVID-19 or a general feature of (viral) pneumonia, as well as to better understand its upstream regulation. APPROACH AND RESULTS By comparing histopathological specimens of SARS-CoV-2 with influenza-affected lungs, we show that vascular neutrophil recruitment, NETosis, and subsequent immunothrombosis are typical features of severe COVID-19, but less prominent in influenza pneumonia. Activated neutrophils were typically found in physical association with monocytes. To explore this further, we combined clinical data of COVID-19 cases with comprehensive immune cell phenotyping and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid scRNA-seq data. We show that a HLADRlow CD9low monocyte population expands in severe COVID-19, which releases neutrophil chemokines in the lungs, and might in turn explain neutrophil expansion and pulmonary recruitment in the late stages of severe COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Our data underline an innate immune cell axis causing vascular inflammation and immunothrombosis in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Nicolai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Leunig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Brambs
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Kaiser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Joppich
- Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Gold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anouk Engel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vivien Polewka
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes C Hellmuth
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Ruhle
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Ledderose
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Weinberger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Schulz
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Scherer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Zoller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Virology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zwißler
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman D Bülow
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic of RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic of RWTH, Aachen, Germany
- DeRegCOVID Registry
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Kami Pekayvaz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
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16
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Mastellos DC, Pires da Silva BGP, Fonseca BAL, Fonseca NP, Auxiliadora-Martins M, Mastaglio S, Ruggeri A, Sironi M, Radermacher P, Chrysanthopoulou A, Skendros P, Ritis K, Manfra I, Iacobelli S, Huber-Lang M, Nilsson B, Yancopoulou D, Connolly ES, Garlanda C, Ciceri F, Risitano AM, Calado RT, Lambris JD. Complement C3 vs C5 inhibition in severe COVID-19: Early clinical findings reveal differential biological efficacy. Clin Immunol 2020; 220:108598. [PMID: 32961333 PMCID: PMC7501834 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growing clinical evidence has implicated complement as a pivotal driver of COVID-19 immunopathology. Deregulated complement activation may fuel cytokine-driven hyper-inflammation, thrombotic microangiopathy and NET-driven immunothrombosis, thereby leading to multi-organ failure. Complement therapeutics have gained traction as candidate drugs for countering the detrimental consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Whether blockade of terminal complement effectors (C5, C5a, or C5aR1) may elicit similar outcomes to upstream intervention at the level of C3 remains debated. Here we compare the efficacy of the C5-targeting monoclonal antibody eculizumab with that of the compstatin-based C3-targeted drug candidate AMY-101 in small independent cohorts of severe COVID-19 patients. Our exploratory study indicates that therapeutic complement inhibition abrogates COVID-19 hyper-inflammation. Both C3 and C5 inhibitors elicit a robust anti-inflammatory response, reflected by a steep decline in C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels, marked lung function improvement, and resolution of SARS-CoV-2-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). C3 inhibition afforded broader therapeutic control in COVID-19 patients by attenuating both C3a and sC5b-9 generation and preventing FB consumption. This broader inhibitory profile was associated with a more robust decline of neutrophil counts, attenuated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release, faster serum LDH decline, and more prominent lymphocyte recovery. These early clinical results offer important insights into the differential mechanistic basis and underlying biology of C3 and C5 inhibition in COVID-19 and point to a broader pathogenic involvement of C3-mediated pathways in thromboinflammation. They also support the evaluation of these complement-targeting agents as COVID-19 therapeutics in large prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Mastellos
- National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Bruno G P Pires da Silva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, School of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Benedito A L Fonseca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Natasha P Fonseca
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, School of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora-Martins
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Brazil
| | - Sara Mastaglio
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ruggeri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Sironi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Sektion Anästhesiologische Pathophysiologie und Verfahrensentwicklung, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Akrivi Chrysanthopoulou
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Skendros
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ritis
- First Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ilenia Manfra
- AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Avellino, Italy
| | - Simona Iacobelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - E Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio M Risitano
- AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Hematology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Avellino, Italy; Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rodrigo T Calado
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, School of Medicine, Brazil
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide, and tracking laboratory indexes during the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 can provide a reference for patients in other countries and regions. METHODS We closely tracked the epidemiological history, diagnosis and treatment process, as well as dynamic changes in routine blood indicators, of a severe COVID-19 patient who was hospitalized for 26 days. RESULTS Our study found that the patient's condition worsened in the first week after admission, white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelets (PLT) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) decreased. On the 7th day of admission, the levels of these cells decreased to their lowest values, though the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level remained at high values. From 8 to 14 days of admission, the patient's condition improved, hypoxemia was corrected, and mechanical ventilation was discontinued. The number of WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes increased gradually, and the erythrocyte parameters stopped declining and stabilized in a certain range; CRP decreased rapidly. On the 20th day of admission, the nucleic acid test was negative, WBC, neutrophil, CRP, NLR and PLR decreased gradually, and monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts increased. Although RBCs and hemoglobin (Hb) levels continued to decrease, RDW gradually increased, indicating the recovery of hematopoiesis. In addition, it should be noted that monocytes and eosinophils were at extremely low levels within 10 days after admission; the recovery time of eosinophils was approximately 12 days after admission, which was earlier than other parameters, which might be of great value in judging the progress of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Dynamic changes in routine blood parameters might be helpful for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and evaluation of the treatment effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Lu
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Finnerty
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; EU COST Action 15204, Euro-Periscope, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Donal J Buggy
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; EU COST Action 15204, Euro-Periscope, Dublin, Ireland; Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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19
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Schönrich G, Raftery MJ, Samstag Y. Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: Oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T cell suppression. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 77:100741. [PMID: 32773102 PMCID: PMC7334659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and poses an unprecedented challenge to healthcare systems due to the lack of a vaccine and specific treatment options. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to understand precisely the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this multifaceted disease. There is increasing evidence that the immune system reacts insufficiently to SARS-CoV-2 and thus contributes to organ damage and to lethality. In this review, we suggest that the overwhelming production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative stress is a major cause of local or systemic tissue damage that leads to severe COVID-19. It increases the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and suppresses the adaptive arm of the immune system, i.e. T cells that are necessary to kill virus-infected cells. This creates a vicious cycle that prevents a specific immune response against SARS-CoV-2. The key role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 implies that therapeutic counterbalancing of ROS by antioxidants such as vitamin C or NAC and/or by antagonizing ROS production by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) and neutrophil granulocytes and/or by blocking of TNF-α can prevent COVID-19 from becoming severe. Controlled clinical trials and preclinical models of COVID-19 are needed to evaluate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schönrich
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin J Raftery
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Li J, Gong X, Wang Z, Chen R, Li T, Zeng D, Li M. Clinical features of familial clustering in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Virus Res 2020; 286:198043. [PMID: 32502551 PMCID: PMC7265838 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the study, we compared clinical characteristics of COVID-19 cases between cluster-onset families (COFs) and solitary-onset families (SOFs). Patients with exposure to respiratory droplets and close contact, advanced age, and comorbidities were more likely to develop COVID-19 in COFs. Advanced age and elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were risk factors for death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in COFs.
An epidemic caused by SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has appeared in Wuhan City in December 2019. The disease has shown a "clustering epidemic" pattern, and family-clustered onset has been the main characteristic. We collected data about 130 cases from 35 cluster-onset families (COFs) and 41 cases from 16 solitary-onset families (SOFs). The incidence of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in COFs was significantly higher than that of SOFs. Our study also showed that patients with exposure to high-risk factors (respiratory droplets and close contact), advanced age, and comorbidities were more likely to develop COVID-19 in the COFs. In addition, advanced age and elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were risk factors for death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Li
- Departments of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Gong
- Departments of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Departments of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Renzhou Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Hankou Hospital of Wuhan City, Wuhan 430312, Hubei Province, China
| | - Taoyuan Li
- Departments of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Dongyu Zeng
- Departments of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Minran Li
- Departments of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China.
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21
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Du W, Yu J, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang S, Li Q, Zhang Z. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children compared with adults in Shandong Province, China. Infection 2020; 48:445-452. [PMID: 32301099 PMCID: PMC7161094 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND The COVID-19 outbreak spread in China and is a threat to the world. We reported on the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children cases to help health workers better understand and provide timely diagnosis and treatment. METHODS Retrospectively, two research centers' case series of 67 consecutive hospitalized cases including 53 adult and 14 children cases with COVID-19 between 23 Jan 2020 and 15 Feb 2020 from Jinan and Rizhao were enrolled in this study. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of children and adults were analyzed and compared. RESULTS Most cases in children were mild (21.4%) and conventional cases (78.6%), with mild clinical signs and symptoms, and all cases were of family clusters. Fever (35.7%) and dry cough (21.4%) were described as clinical manifestations in children cases. Dry cough and phlegm were not the most common symptoms in children compared with adults (p = 0.03). In the early stages of the disease, lymphocyte counts did not significantly decline but neutrophils count did in children compared with adults (p = 0.02). There was a lower level of CRP (p = 0.00) in children compared with adults. There were 8 (57.1%) asymptomatic cases and 6 (42.9%) symptomatic cases among the 14 children cases. The age of asymptomatic patients was younger than that of symptomatic patients (p = 0.03). Even among asymptomatic patients, 5 (62.5%) cases had lung injuries including 3 (60%) cases with bilateral involvement, which was not different compared with that of symptomatic cases (p = 0.58, p = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS The clinical symptoms of children are mild, there is substantial lung injury even among children, but that there is less clinical disease, perhaps because of a less pronounced inflammatory response, and that the occurrence of this pattern appears to inversely correlate with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Du
- Jinan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Shandong University, 22029# JingShi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Jinan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Shandong University, 22029# JingShi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhang
- Jinan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Shandong University, 22029# JingShi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shouwei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Jinan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Shandong University, 22029# JingShi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Zhongfa Zhang
- Jinan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Shandong University, 22029# JingShi Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
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22
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Hastings AK, Uraki R, Gaitsch H, Dhaliwal K, Stanley S, Sproch H, Williamson E, MacNeil T, Marin-Lopez A, Hwang J, Wang Y, Grover JR, Fikrig E. Aedes aegypti NeSt1 Protein Enhances Zika Virus Pathogenesis by Activating Neutrophils. J Virol 2019; 93:e00395-19. [PMID: 30971475 PMCID: PMC6580965 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00395-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva from the mosquito vector of flaviviruses is capable of changing the local immune environment, leading to an increase in flavivirus-susceptible cells at the infected bite site. In addition, an antibody response to specific salivary gland (SG) components changes the pathogenesis of flaviviruses in human populations. To investigate whether antigenic SG proteins are capable of enhancing infection with Zika virus (ZIKV), a reemerging flavivirus primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, we screened for antigenic SG proteins using a yeast display library and demonstrate that a previously undescribed SG protein we term neutrophil stimulating factor 1 (NeSt1) activates primary mouse neutrophils ex vivo Passive immunization against NeSt1 decreases pro-interleukin-1β and CXCL2 expression, prevents macrophages from infiltrating the bite site, protects susceptible IFNAR-/- IFNGR-/- (AG129) mice from early ZIKV replication, and ameliorates virus-induced pathogenesis. These findings indicate that NeSt1 stimulates neutrophils at the mosquito bite site to change the immune microenvironment, allowing a higher level of early viral replication and enhancing ZIKV pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE When a Zika virus-infected mosquito bites a person, mosquito saliva is injected into the skin along with the virus. Molecules in this saliva can make virus infection more severe by changing the immune system to make the skin a better place for the virus to replicate. We identified a molecule that activates immune cells, called neutrophils, to recruit other immune cells, called macrophages, that the virus can infect. We named this molecule neutrophil-stimulating factor 1 (NeSt1). When we used antibodies to block NeSt1 in mice and then allowed Zika virus-infected mosquitoes to feed on these mice, they survived much better than mice that do not have antibodies against NeSt1. These findings give us more information about how mosquito saliva enhances virus infection, and it is possible that a vaccine against NeSt1 might protect people against severe Zika virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Hastings
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ryuta Uraki
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hallie Gaitsch
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Khushwant Dhaliwal
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sydney Stanley
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hannah Sproch
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eric Williamson
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tyler MacNeil
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alejandro Marin-Lopez
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jesse Hwang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonathan R Grover
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
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23
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Kulkarni U, Zemans RL, Smith CA, Wood SC, Deng JC, Goldstein DR. Excessive neutrophil levels in the lung underlie the age-associated increase in influenza mortality. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:545-554. [PMID: 30617300 PMCID: PMC6375784 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils clear viruses, but excessive neutrophil responses induce tissue injury and worsen disease. Aging increases mortality to influenza infection; however, whether this is due to impaired viral clearance or a pathological host immune response is unknown. Here we show that aged mice have higher levels of lung neutrophils than younger mice after influenza viral infection. Depleting neutrophils after, but not before, infection substantially improves the survival of aged mice without altering viral clearance. Aged alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) have a higher frequency of senescence and secrete higher levels of the neutrophil-attracting chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 during influenza infection. These chemokines are required for age-enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. Our work suggests that aging increases mortality from influenza in part because senescent AECs secrete more chemokines, leading to excessive neutrophil recruitment. Therapies that mitigate this pathological immune response in the elderly might improve outcomes of influenza and other respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Kulkarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rachel L Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Candice A Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sherri C Wood
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jane C Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel R Goldstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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24
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Van Winkle JA, Robinson BA, Peters AM, Li L, Nouboussi RV, Mack M, Nice TJ. Persistence of Systemic Murine Norovirus Is Maintained by Inflammatory Recruitment of Susceptible Myeloid Cells. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 24:665-676.e4. [PMID: 30392829 PMCID: PMC6248887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Viral persistence can contribute to chronic disease and promote virus dissemination. Prior work demonstrated that timely clearance of systemic murine norovirus (MNV) infection depends on cell-intrinsic type I interferon responses and adaptive immunity. We now find that the capsid of the systemically replicating MNV strain CW3 promotes lytic cell death, release of interleukin-1α, and increased inflammatory cytokine release. Correspondingly, inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils are recruited to sites of infection in a CW3-capsid-dependent manner. Recruited monocytes and neutrophils are subsequently infected, representing a majority of infected cells in vivo. Systemic depletion of inflammatory monocytes or neutrophils from persistently infected Rag1-/- mice reduces viral titers in a tissue-specific manner. These data indicate that the CW3 capsid facilitates lytic cell death, inflammation, and recruitment of susceptible cells to promote persistence. Infection of continuously recruited inflammatory cells may be a mechanism of persistence broadly utilized by lytic viruses incapable of establishing latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Van Winkle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bridget A Robinson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - A Mack Peters
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lena Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ruth V Nouboussi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Jackson JW, Sparer T. There Is Always Another Way! Cytomegalovirus' Multifaceted Dissemination Schemes. Viruses 2018; 10:v10070383. [PMID: 30037007 PMCID: PMC6071125 DOI: 10.3390/v10070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a β-herpes virus that is a significant pathogen within immune compromised populations. HCMV morbidity is induced through viral dissemination and inflammation. Typically, viral dissemination is thought to follow Fenner's hypothesis where virus replicates at the site of infection, followed by replication in the draining lymph nodes, and eventually replicating within blood filtering organs. Although CMVs somewhat follow Fenner's hypothesis, they deviate from it by spreading primarily through innate immune cells as opposed to cell-free virus. Also, in vivo CMVs infect new cells via cell-to-cell spread and disseminate directly to secondary organs through novel mechanisms. We review the historic and recent literature pointing to CMV's direct dissemination to secondary organs and the genes that it has evolved for increasing its ability to disseminate. We also highlight aspects of CMV infection for studying viral dissemination when using in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Jackson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Tim Sparer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Liu X, He L, Han J, Wang L, Li M, Jiang Y, Wang X, Yang Z. Association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and T lymphocytes with the pathogenesis and progression of HBV-associated primary liver cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170605. [PMID: 28231294 PMCID: PMC5322968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a new prognostic predictor for patients with liver cancer. The association of NLR and T lymphocytes with the pathogenesis and progression of liver cancer is poorly understood. Methods Seventy-three patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated primary liver cancer (HBV-PLC), 50 patients with HBV-associated liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC) and 37 patients with chronic HBV infection (CHB) were prospectively enrolled from July 1, 2013 to February 28, 2014 in Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Beijing, China). The NLR, proportions and concentrations of neutrophils and lymphocytes, concentration of subpopulations of lymphocytes, and the expression of CD31 (index for recent thymic output) and HLA-DR (index for activation of T lymphocytes) of T cells in the peripheral blood samples of the patients were assessed and statistically compared between different groups. Results The NLR was significantly increased from patients with CHB, those with HBV-LC to those with HBV-PLC (P<0.05), along with significant increase of neutrophils and decrease of lymphocytes in the same way (P<0.05). The concentrations of T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were decreased from patients with CHB, those with HBV-LC to those with HBV-PLC, and were significantly reduced in patients with HBV-PLC compared with those in patients with CHB (P<0.05). The CD31 and HLA-DR expression of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly decreased and increased, respectively in patients with HBV-PLC compared with that in patients with CHB. Conclusions Elevated NLR, resulted from the increase of neutrophils and decrease of lymphocytes, is positively associated with the pathogenesis and progression of HBV-PLC. The reduced thymic output and hyperactivation of T lymphocytes may contribute to the decrease of T lymphocytes, which could be also related to the pathogenesis of HBV-PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lingling He
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Han
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lijia Wang
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mengge Li
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuyong Jiang
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xianbo Wang
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Khoury-Hanold W, Yordy B, Kong P, Kong Y, Ge W, Szigeti-Buck K, Ralevski A, Horvath TL, Iwasaki A. Viral Spread to Enteric Neurons Links Genital HSV-1 Infection to Toxic Megacolon and Lethality. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 19:788-99. [PMID: 27281569 PMCID: PMC4902295 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a leading cause of genital herpes, infects oral or genital mucosal epithelial cells before infecting the peripheral sensory nervous system. The spread of HSV-1 beyond the sensory nervous system and the resulting broader spectrum of disease are not well understood. Using a mouse model of genital herpes, we found that HSV-1-infection-associated lethality correlated with severe fecal and urinary retention. No inflammation or infection of the brain was evident. Instead, HSV-1 spread via the dorsal root ganglia to the autonomic ganglia of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the colon. ENS infection led to robust viral gene transcription, pathological inflammatory responses, and neutrophil-mediated destruction of enteric neurons, ultimately resulting in permanent loss of peristalsis and the development of toxic megacolon. Laxative treatment rescued mice from lethality following genital HSV-1 infection. These results reveal an unexpected pathogenesis of HSV associated with ENS infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enteric Nervous System/pathology
- Enteric Nervous System/virology
- Female
- Ganglia/pathology
- Ganglia/ultrastructure
- Ganglia/virology
- Ganglia, Spinal/pathology
- Ganglia, Spinal/virology
- Genome, Viral
- Herpes Genitalis/pathology
- Herpes Genitalis/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/pathogenicity
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology
- Intestines/virology
- Megacolon, Toxic/pathology
- Megacolon, Toxic/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neurons/pathology
- Neurons/virology
- Neutrophils/virology
- Nociceptors/virology
- Vagina/virology
- Vaginal Diseases/pathology
- Vaginal Diseases/virology
- Virus Replication/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- William Khoury-Hanold
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Brian Yordy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Philip Kong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yong Kong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, W.M. Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - William Ge
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Klara Szigeti-Buck
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Alexandra Ralevski
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Zhang Z, Huang T, Yu F, Liu X, Zhao C, Chen X, Kelvin DJ, Gu J. Infectious Progeny of 2009 A (H1N1) Influenza Virus Replicated in and Released from Human Neutrophils. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17809. [PMID: 26639836 PMCID: PMC4671072 DOI: 10.1038/srep17809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various reports have indicated that a number of viruses could infect neutrophils, but the multiplication of viruses in neutrophils was abortive. Based on our previous finding that avian influenza viral RNA and proteins were present in the nucleus of infected human neutrophils in vivo, we investigated the possibility of 2009 A (H1N1) influenza viral synthesis in infected neutrophils and possible release of infectious progeny from host cells. In this study we found that human neutrophils in vitro without detectable level of sialic acid expression could be infected by this virus strain. We also show that the infected neutrophils can not only synthesize 2009 A (H1N1) viral mRNA and proteins, but also produce infectious progeny. These findings suggest that infectious progeny of 2009 A (H1N1) influenza virus could be replicated in and released from human neutrophils with possible clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Feiyuan Yu
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Xingmu Liu
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Conghui Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - David J. Kelvin
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Universita’ degli Studi di Sassari, Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Viale San Pietro 43/b, 07100 Sassari, Italia
- International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Pathology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunopathology, Collaborative and Creative Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
- Department of Pathology, Beijing University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100083, China
- Translational Medicine Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Tripathi S, Wang G, White M, Rynkiewicz M, Seaton B, Hartshorn K. Identifying the Critical Domain of LL-37 Involved in Mediating Neutrophil Activation in the Presence of Influenza Virus: Functional and Structural Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133454. [PMID: 26308522 PMCID: PMC4550355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cathelicidin LL-37 has been shown to play a role in host defense against influenza A viruses (IAV) through direct antiviral effects and through modulating inflammatory responses to infection. We recently showed that LL-37 increases neutrophil respiratory burst and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) responses to IAV through engaging formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR-2). In this paper we show that a fragment of LL-37, GI-20, which is composed of the central helical segment of the peptide, has similar effects as LL-37 on neutrophil activation. In addition to increasing respiratory burst and NET responses of the cells to IAV through an FPR-2 dependent mechanism, it reduces neutrophil IL-8 production to IAV (also like LL-37). The N-terminal fragment, LL-23, did not have similar effects. Both GI-20 and LL-37 increase neutrophil intracellular calcium levels and their ability to increase neutrophil activation responses was calcium dependent and partially inhibited by pertussis toxin. These studies show that the central helix of LL-37 retains the ability of LL-37 to modulate neutrophil responses through FPR-2. Based on our findings we developed a homology model of FPR-2 and performed docking experiments of LL-37 and GI-20 with the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Tripathi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Mitchell White
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Michael Rynkiewicz
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Barbara Seaton
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kevan Hartshorn
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hernandez JC, Giraldo DM, Paul S, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Involvement of neutrophil hyporesponse and the role of Toll-like receptors in human immunodeficiency virus 1 protection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119844. [PMID: 25785697 PMCID: PMC4364960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophils contribute to pathogen clearance through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activation. However, the role of PRRs in neutrophils in both HIV-1-infected [HIV-1(+)] and HIV-1-exposed seronegative individuals (HESN) is unknown. Here, a study was carried out to evaluate the level of PRR mRNAs and cytokines produced after activation of neutrophils from HIV-1(+), HESN and healthy donors. METHODS The neutrophils were stimulated with specific agonists for TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 in the presence of HIV-1 particles. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production, expression of neutrophil activation markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were analyzed in neutrophils from HESN, HIV-1(+) and healthy donors (controls). RESULTS We found that neutrophils from HESN presented reduced expression of PRR mRNAs (TLR4, TLR9, NOD1, NOD2, NLRC4 and RIG-I) and reduced expression of cytokine mRNAs (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α and TGF-β). Moreover, neutrophils from HESN were less sensitive to stimulation through TLR4. Furthermore, neutrophils from HESN challenged with HIV-1 and stimulated with TLR2 and TLR4 agonists, produced significantly lower levels of reactive oxygen species, versus HIV-1(+). CONCLUSIONS A differential pattern of PRR expression and release of innate immune factors in neutrophils from HESN is evident. Our results suggest that lower neutrophil activation can be involved in protection against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Hernandez
- INFETTARE, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Diana M. Giraldo
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Stephane Paul
- GIMAP EA3064, Faculté de Medicine de Saint Etienne, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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31
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Chen L, Perks KL, Stick SM, Kicic A, Larcombe AN, Zosky G. House dust mite induced lung inflammation does not alter circulating vitamin D levels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112589. [PMID: 25391140 PMCID: PMC4229241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] are associated with chronic lung diseases such as asthma. However, it is unclear whether vitamin D is involved in disease pathogenesis or is modified by the inflammation associated with the disease process. We hypothesized that allergic inflammation decreases the level of circulating 25(OH)D and tested this using a mice model of house dust mite (HDM) induced allergic airway inflammation. Cellular influx was measured in bronchoalvelar lavage (BAL) fluid, and allergic sensitization and 25(OH)D levels were measured in serum. Exposure to HDM caused a robust inflammatory response in the lung that was enhanced by prior influenza infection. These responses were not associated with any change in circulating levels of 25(OH)D. These data suggest that alterations in circulating 25(OH)D levels induced by Th-2 driven inflammation are unlikely to explain the cross-sectional epidemiological association between vitamin D deficiency and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kara L. Perks
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Stick
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | | | - Graeme Zosky
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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White MR, Kandel R, Tripathi S, Condon D, Qi L, Taubenberger J, Hartshorn KL. Alzheimer's associated β-amyloid protein inhibits influenza A virus and modulates viral interactions with phagocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101364. [PMID: 24988208 PMCID: PMC4079246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of β-Amyloid (βA) is a key pathogenetic factor in Alzheimer's disease; however, the normal function of βA is unknown. Recent studies have shown that βA can inhibit growth of bacteria and fungi. In this paper we show that βA also inhibits replication of seasonal and pandemic strains of H3N2 and H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) in vitro. The 42 amino acid fragment of βA (βA42) had greater activity than the 40 amino acid fragment. Direct incubation of the virus with βA42 was needed to achieve optimal inhibition. Using quantitative PCR assays βA42 was shown to reduce viral uptake by epithelial cells after 45 minutes and to reduce supernatant virus at 24 hours post infection. βA42 caused aggregation of IAV particles as detected by light transmission assays and electron and confocal microscopy. βA42 did not stimulate neutrophil H2O2 production or extracellular trap formation on its own, but it increased both responses stimulated by IAV. In addition, βA42 increased uptake of IAV by neutrophils. βA42 reduced viral protein synthesis in monocytes and reduced IAV-induced interleukin-6 production by these cells. Hence, we demonstrate for the first time that βA has antiviral activity and modulates viral interactions with phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R. White
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ruth Kandel
- Hebrew Senior Life, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shweta Tripathi
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Condon
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Li Qi
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Taubenberger
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kevan L. Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Assinger A, Kral JB, Yaiw KC, Schrottmaier WC, Kurzejamska E, Wang Y, Mohammad AA, Religa P, Rahbar A, Schabbauer G, Butler LM, Söderberg-Naucler C. Human cytomegalovirus-platelet interaction triggers toll-like receptor 2-dependent proinflammatory and proangiogenic responses. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:801-9. [PMID: 24558109 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen that correlates with various clinical complications, including atherosclerosis. HCMV is released into the circulation during primary infection and periodic viral reactivation, allowing virus-platelet interactions. Platelets are important in the onset and development of atherosclerosis, but the consequences of platelet-HCMV interactions are unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We studied the effects of HCMV-platelet interactions in blood from healthy donors using the purified clinical HCMV isolate VR1814. We demonstrated that HCMV bound to a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2-positive platelet subpopulation, which resulted in signal transduction, degranulation, and release of proinflammatory CD40L and interleukin-1β and proangiogenic vascular endothelial-derived growth factor. In mice, murine CMV activated wild-type but not TLR2-deficient platelets. However, supernatant from murine CMV-stimulated wild-type platelets also activated TLR2-deficient platelets, indicating that activated platelets generated soluble mediators that triggered further platelet activation, independent of TLR2 expression. Inhibitor studies, using ADP receptor antagonists and apyrase, revealed that ADP release is important to trigger secondary platelet activation in response to HCMV. HCMV-activated platelets rapidly bound to and activated neutrophils, supporting their adhesion and transmigration through endothelial monolayers. In an in vivo model, murine CMV induced systemic upregulation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates and plasma vascular endothelial-derived growth factor in mice and showed a tendency to enhance neutrophil extravasation in a TLR2-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS HCMV is a well-adapted pathogen that does not induce immediate thrombotic events. However, HCMV-platelet interactions lead to proinflammatory and proangiogenic responses, which exacerbate tissue damage and contribute to atherogenesis. Therefore, platelets might contribute to the effects of HCMV in accelerating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Assinger
- From the Department of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.A., K.C.Y., E.K., Y.W., A.-A.M., P.R., A.R., L.M.B., C.S.-N.); Institute of Physiology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.A., J.B.K., W.C.S., G.S.); Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland (E.K.); and Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (Y.W.)
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Han Z, Wang J. [Detection and analysis of HBV in polymorphonuclear neutrophils of patients with hepatitis B]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 30:299-305. [PMID: 24606751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the infection and replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in polymorphonuclear neutrophils of the patients with chronic hepatitis B. METHODS The neutrophils were isolated and purified by neutrophil isolation medium, and the loads of HBV-DNA in neutrophils were detected by PCR. RESULTS Positive detection rate of HBV-DNA in neutrophils of chronic hepatitis B patients was 30.95% (13/42), and among them, the HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative ones were 52.94% (9/17) and 16.00%(4/25), respectively. After treatment of adefovir, the positive rate of HBV-DNA in neutrophils of chronic hepatitis B patients was 9.52% (4/42), and among them, the HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative ones were 17.65%(3/17) and 4.00%(1/25), respectively. There were significantly different positive rates in the patients before and after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION HBV can infect the neutrophils of the patients with chronic hepatitis B to achieve extrahepatic occult infection. Adefovir has a good inhibitory effect against the latent or hidden HBV in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Han
- Department of Aetiology and Immunology, Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
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Abstract
Bioactive lipid mediators play crucial roles in promoting the induction and resolution of inflammation. Eicosanoids and other related unsaturated fatty acids have long been known to induce inflammation. These signaling molecules can modulate the circulatory system and stimulate immune cell infiltration into the site of infection. Recently, DHA- and EPA-derived metabolites have been discovered to promote the resolution of inflammation, an active process. Not only do these molecules stop the further infiltration of immune cells, they prompt non-phlogistic phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, stimulating the tissue to return to homeostasis. After the rapid release of lipid precursors from the plasma membrane upon stimulation, families of enzymes in a complex network metabolize them to produce a large array of lipid metabolites. With current advances in mass spectrometry, the entire lipidome can be accurately quantified to assess the immune response upon microbial infection. In this review, we discuss the various lipid metabolism pathways in the context of the immune response to microbial pathogens, as well as their complex network interactions. With the advancement of mass spectrometry, these approaches have also been used to characterize the lipid mediator response of macrophages and neutrophils upon immune stimulation in vitro. Lastly, we describe the recent efforts to apply systems biology approaches to dissect the role of lipid mediators during bacterial and viral infections in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C Tam
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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36
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Cloke T, Munder M, Bergin P, Herath S, Modolell M, Taylor G, Müller I, Kropf P. Phenotypic alteration of neutrophils in the blood of HIV seropositive patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72034. [PMID: 24039734 PMCID: PMC3767740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently identified a novel population of activated low-density granulocytes (LDGs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV seropositive patients. LDGs have a similar morphology to normal density granulocytes (NDGs), but are phenotypically different. Here we measured the expression levels of different phenotypic markers of granulocytes in the blood of HIV seropositive patients at different stages of HIV infection to determine whether the phenotype of NDGs and LDGs are affected by disease severity. Our results reveal that the phenotype of NDGs, but not that of LDGs, varies according to the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cloke
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Munder
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Bergin
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Human Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shanthi Herath
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Modolell
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Max-Planck-Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Graham Taylor
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Müller
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale Kropf
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Palha N, Guivel-Benhassine F, Briolat V, Lutfalla G, Sourisseau M, Ellett F, Wang CH, Lieschke GJ, Herbomel P, Schwartz O, Levraud JP. Real-time whole-body visualization of Chikungunya Virus infection and host interferon response in zebrafish. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003619. [PMID: 24039582 PMCID: PMC3764224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV), a re-emerging arbovirus that may cause severe disease, constitutes an important public health problem. Herein we describe a novel CHIKV infection model in zebrafish, where viral spread was live-imaged in the whole body up to cellular resolution. Infected cells emerged in various organs in one principal wave with a median appearance time of ∼14 hours post infection. Timing of infected cell death was organ dependent, leading to a shift of CHIKV localization towards the brain. As in mammals, CHIKV infection triggered a strong type-I interferon (IFN) response, critical for survival. IFN was mainly expressed by neutrophils and hepatocytes. Cell type specific ablation experiments further demonstrated that neutrophils play a crucial, unexpected role in CHIKV containment. Altogether, our results show that the zebrafish represents a novel valuable model to dynamically visualize replication, pathogenesis and host responses to a human virus. Chikungunya, a re-emerging disease caused by a mosquito-transmitted virus, is an important public health problem. We developed a zebrafish model for chikungunya virus infection. For the first time, rise and death of virus-infected cells could be live imaged in the entire body of a vertebrate. We observed a widespread wave of apparition of newly infected cells during the first day after inoculation of the virus. We then found that infected cells died at a strongly organ-dependent rate, accounting for the progressive shift of virus localization. Notably, the virus persisted in the brain despite apparent recovery of infected zebrafish. We found this recovery to be critically dependent on the host type I interferon response. Surprisingly, we identified neutrophils as a major cell population expressing interferon and controlling chikungunya virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Palha
- Institut Pasteur, Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Department of Developmental and Stem Cells Biology, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2578, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Valérie Briolat
- Institut Pasteur, Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Department of Developmental and Stem Cells Biology, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2578, Paris, France
| | - Georges Lutfalla
- CNRS UMR5235, Dynamiques des Interactions Membranaires et Pathologiques, Montpellier, France
- Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Sourisseau
- Institut Pasteur, Virus et Immunité, Department of Virology, Paris, France
- CNRS URA3015, Paris, France
| | - Felix Ellett
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chieh-Huei Wang
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham J. Lieschke
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippe Herbomel
- Institut Pasteur, Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Department of Developmental and Stem Cells Biology, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2578, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Virus et Immunité, Department of Virology, Paris, France
- CNRS URA3015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Institut Pasteur, Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Department of Developmental and Stem Cells Biology, Paris, France
- CNRS URA2578, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Jenne CN, Wong CHY, Zemp FJ, McDonald B, Rahman MM, Forsyth PA, McFadden G, Kubes P. Neutrophils recruited to sites of infection protect from virus challenge by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 13:169-80. [PMID: 23414757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils mediate bacterial clearance through various mechanisms, including the release of mesh-like DNA structures or neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that capture bacteria. Although neutrophils are also recruited to sites of viral infection, their role in antiviral innate immunity is less clear. We show that systemic administration of virus analogs or poxvirus infection induces neutrophil recruitment to the liver microvasculature and the release of NETs that protect host cells from virus infection. After systemic intravenous poxvirus challenge, mice exhibit thrombocytopenia and the recruitment of both neutrophils and platelets to the liver vasculature. Circulating platelets interact with, roll along, and adhere to the surface of adherent neutrophils, forming large, dynamic aggregates. These interactions facilitate the release of NETs within the liver vasculature that are able to protect host cells from poxvirus infection. These findings highlight the role of NETs and early tissue-wide responses in preventing viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig N Jenne
- Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Guabiraba R, Besnard AG, Marques RE, Maillet I, Fagundes CT, Conceição TM, Rust NM, Charreau S, Paris I, Lecron JC, Renauld JC, Quesniaux V, Da Poian AT, Arruda LB, Souza DG, Ryffel B, Teixeira MM. IL-22 modulates IL-17A production and controls inflammation and tissue damage in experimental dengue infection. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1529-44. [PMID: 23505056 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a public health problem in many tropical countries. IL-22 and IL-17A are key cytokines in several infectious and inflammatory diseases. We have assessed the contribution of IL-22 and IL-17A in the pathogenesis of experimental dengue infection using a mouse-adapted DENV serotype 2 strain (P23085) that causes a disease that resembles severe dengue in humans. We show that IL-22 and IL-17A are produced upon DENV-2 infection in immune-competent mice. Infected IL-22(-/-) mice had increased lethality, neutrophil accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in tissues, notably IL-17A. Viral load was increased in spleen and liver of infected IL-22(-/-) mice. There was also more severe liver injury, as seen by increased transaminases levels and tissue histopathology. γδ T cells and NK cells are sources of IL-17A and IL-22, respectively, in liver and spleen. We also show that DENV-infected HepG2 cells treated with rhIL-22 had reduced cell death and decreased IL-6 production. IL-17RA(-/-) mice were protected upon infection and IL-17A-neutralizing-Ab-treatment partially reversed the phenotype observed in IL-22(-/-) -infected mice. We suggest that disrupting the balance between IL-22 and IL-17A levels may represent an important strategy to reduce inflammation and tissue injury associated with severe dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Guabiraba
- Immunopharmacology, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Leymarie O, Jouvion G, Hervé PL, Chevalier C, Lorin V, Lecardonnel J, Da Costa B, Delmas B, Escriou N, Le Goffic R. Kinetic characterization of PB1-F2-mediated immunopathology during highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57894. [PMID: 23469251 PMCID: PMC3585811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The PB1-F2 protein encoded by influenza A viruses can contribute to virulence, a feature that is dependent of its sequence polymorphism. Whereas PB1-F2 from some H1N1 viruses were shown to exacerbate the inflammatory response within the airways, the contribution of PB1-F2 to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) virulence in mammals remains poorly described. Using a H5N1 HPAIV strain isolated from duck and its PB1-F2 knocked-out mutant, we characterized the dynamics of PB1-F2-associated host response in a murine model of lethal pneumonia. The mean time of death was 10 days for the two viruses, allowing us to perform global transcriptomic analyses and detailed histological investigations of the infected lungs at multiple time points. At day 2 post-infection (pi), while no histopathological lesion was observed, PB1-F2 expression resulted in a significant inhibition of cellular pathways involved in macrophage activation and in a transcriptomic signature suggesting that it promotes damage to the epithelial barrier. At day 4 pi, the gene profile associated with PB1-F2 expression revealed dysfunctions in NK cells activity. At day 8 pi, PB1-F2 expression was strongly associated with increased transcription of genes encoding chemokines and cytokines implicated in the recruitment of granulocytes, as well as expression of a number of genes encoding enzymes expressed by neutrophils. These transcriptomic data were fully supported by the histopathological analysis of the mice lungs which evidenced more severe inflammatory lesions and enhanced recruitment of neutrophils in the context of PB1-F2 expression, and thus provided a functional corroboration to the insight obtained in this work. In summary, our study shows that PB1-F2 of H5N1 HPAIV markedly influences the expression of the host transcriptome in a different way than its H1N1 counterparts: H5N1 PB1-F2 first delays the initial immune response but increases the pulmonary inflammatory response during the late stages of infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Epithelial Cells/immunology
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Epithelial Cells/virology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Killer Cells, Natural/virology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung/virology
- Mice
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Neutrophils/virology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/mortality
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/pathology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/mortality
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Respiratory Mucosa/immunology
- Respiratory Mucosa/pathology
- Respiratory Mucosa/virology
- Species Specificity
- Survival Rate
- Transcriptome
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Virulence
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Leymarie
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR 892 INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Grégory Jouvion
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Département Infection et Epidémiologie, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Hervé
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS, URA30I5, Paris, France
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, EA 302, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Chevalier
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR 892 INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valérie Lorin
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS, URA30I5, Paris, France
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, EA 302, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Lecardonnel
- Centre de Ressources Biologiques pour la Génomique des Animaux Domestiques et d'Intérêt Economique, CRB GADIE INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Da Costa
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR 892 INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bernard Delmas
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR 892 INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicolas Escriou
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN, Département de Virologie, Paris, France
- CNRS, URA30I5, Paris, France
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, EA 302, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (RLG); (NE)
| | - Ronan Le Goffic
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR 892 INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail: (RLG); (NE)
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Barquero-Calvo E, Martirosyan A, Ordoñez-Rueda D, Arce-Gorvel V, Alfaro-Alarcón A, Lepidi H, Malissen B, Malissen M, Gorvel JP, Moreno E. Neutrophils exert a suppressive effect on Th1 responses to intracellular pathogen Brucella abortus. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003167. [PMID: 23458832 PMCID: PMC3573106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the first line of defense against microbial pathogens. In addition to their role in innate immunity, PMNs may also regulate events related to adaptive immunity. To investigate the influence of PMNs in the immune response during chronic bacterial infections, we explored the course of brucellosis in antibody PMN-depleted C57BL/6 mice and in neutropenic mutant Genista mouse model. We demonstrate that at later times of infection, Brucella abortus is killed more efficiently in the absence of PMNs than in their presence. The higher bacterial removal was concomitant to the: i) comparatively reduced spleen swelling; ii) augmented infiltration of epithelioid histiocytes corresponding to macrophages/dendritic cells (DCs); iii) higher recruitment of monocytes and monocyte/DCs phenotype; iv) significant activation of B and T lymphocytes, and v) increased levels of INF-γ and negligible levels of IL4 indicating a balance of Th1 over Th2 response. These results reveal that PMNs have an unexpected influence in dampening the immune response against intracellular Brucella infection and strengthen the notion that PMNs actively participate in regulatory circuits shaping both innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías Barquero-Calvo
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Anna Martirosyan
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Diana Ordoñez-Rueda
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Vilma Arce-Gorvel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Alejandro Alfaro-Alarcón
- Departamento de Patología, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, (CNRS), UMR7278, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1095, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gorvel
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Edgardo Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes or neutrophils are the first immune cells to the site of injury and microbial infection. Neutrophils are crucial players in controlling bacterial and fungal infections, and in particular secondary infections, by phagocytosis, degranulation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). While neutrophils have been shown to play important roles in viral pathogenesis, there is a lack of detailed investigation. In this article, we will review recent progresses toward understanding the role of neutrophils in viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Drescher
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
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Hufford MM, Richardson G, Zhou H, Manicassamy B, García-Sastre A, Enelow RI, Braciale TJ. Influenza-infected neutrophils within the infected lungs act as antigen presenting cells for anti-viral CD8(+) T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46581. [PMID: 23056353 PMCID: PMC3466305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract disease worldwide. Anti-viral CD8+ T lymphocytes responding to IAV infection are believed to eliminate virally infected cells by direct cytolysis but may also contribute to pulmonary inflammation and tissue damage via the release of pro-inflammatory mediators following recognition of viral antigen displaying cells. We have previously demonstrated that IAV antigen expressing inflammatory cells of hematopoietic origin within the infected lung interstitium serve as antigen presenting cells (APC) for infiltrating effector CD8+ T lymphocytes; however, the spectrum of inflammatory cell types capable of serving as APC was not determined. Here, we demonstrate that viral antigen displaying neutrophils infiltrating the IAV infected lungs are an important cell type capable of acting as APC for effector CD8+ T lymphocytes in the infected lungs and that neutrophils expressing viral antigen as a result of direct infection by IAV exhibit the most potent APC activity. Our findings suggest that in addition to their suggested role in induction of the innate immune responses to IAV, virus clearance, and the development of pulmonary injury, neutrophils can serve as APCs to anti-viral effector CD8+ T cells within the infected lung interstitium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Hufford
- The Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Graham Richardson
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Cell Signaling, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Haixia Zhou
- The Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Balaji Manicassamy
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard I. Enelow
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Braciale
- The Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Traub S, Demaria O, Chasson L, Serra F, Desnues B, Alexopoulou L. Sex bias in susceptibility to MCMV infection: implication of TLR9. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45171. [PMID: 23028824 PMCID: PMC3447886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent pathways control the activation of various immune cells and the production of cytokines and chemokines that are important in innate immune control of viruses, including mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Here we report that upon MCMV infection wild-type and TLR7−/− male mice were more resistant than their female counterparts, while TLR9−/− male and female mice showed similar susceptibility. Interestingly, 36 h upon MCMV infection TLR9 mRNA expression was higher in male than in female mouse spleens. MCMV infection led to stronger reduction of marginal zone (MZ) B cells, and higher infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and neutrophils in wild-type male than female mice, while no such sex differences were observed in TLR9−/− mice. In accordance, the serum levels of KC and MIP-2, major neutrophil chemoattractants, were higher in wild-type, but not in TLR9−/−, male versus female mice. Wild-type MCMV-infected female mice showed more severe liver inflammation, necrosis and steatosis compared to infected male mice. Our data demonstrate sex differences in susceptibility to MCMV infection, accompanied by a lower activation of the innate immune system in female mice, and can be attributed, at least in a certain degree, to the lower expression of TLR9 in female than male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Traub
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM 2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7280, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Demaria
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM 2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7280, Marseille, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM 2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7280, Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Serra
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM 2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7280, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Desnues
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM 2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7280, Marseille, France
| | - Lena Alexopoulou
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille Université UM 2, Marseille, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1104, Marseille, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 7280, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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46
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Kahn JS. Respiratory syncytial virus in neutrophils. J Infect Dis 2012; 205:693; author reply 693-4. [PMID: 22207650 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Rosenthal LA, Szakaly RJ, Amineva SP, Xing Y, Hill MR, Palmenberg AC, Gern JE, Sorkness RL. Lower respiratory tract infection induced by a genetically modified picornavirus in its natural murine host. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32061. [PMID: 22355409 PMCID: PMC3280220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections with the picornavirus, human rhinovirus (HRV), are a major cause of wheezing illnesses and asthma exacerbations. In developing a murine model of picornaviral airway infection, we noted the absence of murine rhinoviruses and that mice are not natural hosts for HRV. The picornavirus, mengovirus, induces lethal systemic infections in its natural murine hosts, but small genetic differences can profoundly affect picornaviral tropism and virulence. We demonstrate that inhalation of a genetically attenuated mengovirus, vMC0, induces lower respiratory tract infections in mice. After intranasal vMC0 inoculation, lung viral titers increased, peaking at 24 h postinoculation with viral shedding persisting for 5 days, whereas HRV-A01a lung viral titers decreased and were undetectable 24 h after intranasal inoculation. Inhalation of vMC0, but not vehicle or UV-inactivated vMC0, induced an acute respiratory illness, with body weight loss and lower airway inflammation, characterized by increased numbers of airway neutrophils and lymphocytes and elevated pulmonary expression of neutrophil chemoattractant CXCR2 ligands (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5) and interleukin-17A. Mice inoculated with vMC0, compared with those inoculated with vehicle or UV-inactivated vMC0, exhibited increased pulmonary expression of interferon (IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-λ), viral RNA sensors [toll-like receptor (TLR)3, TLR7, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)], and chemokines associated with HRV infection in humans (CXCL10, CCL2). Inhalation of vMC0, but not vehicle or UV-inactivated vMC0, was accompanied by increased airway fluid myeloperoxidase levels, an indicator of neutrophil activation, increased MUC5B gene expression, and lung edema, a sign of infection-related lung injury. Consistent with experimental HRV inoculations of nonallergic, nonasthmatic human subjects, there were no effects on airway hyperresponsiveness after inhalation of vMC0 by healthy mice. This novel murine model of picornaviral airway infection and inflammation should be useful for defining mechanisms of HRV pathogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
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Fischer MA, Davies ML, Reider IE, Heipertz EL, Epler MR, Sei JJ, Ingersoll MA, Van Rooijen N, Randolph GJ, Norbury CC. CD11b⁺, Ly6G⁺ cells produce type I interferon and exhibit tissue protective properties following peripheral virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002374. [PMID: 22102816 PMCID: PMC3213107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the innate immune system is containment of a pathogen at the site of infection prior to the initiation of an effective adaptive immune response. However, effector mechanisms must be kept in check to combat the pathogen while simultaneously limiting undesirable destruction of tissue resulting from these actions. Here we demonstrate that innate immune effector cells contain a peripheral poxvirus infection, preventing systemic spread of the virus. These innate immune effector cells are comprised primarily of CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G- monocytes that accumulate initially at the site of infection, and are then supplemented and eventually replaced by CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells. The phenotype of the CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells resembles neutrophils, but the infiltration of neutrophils typically occurs prior to, rather than following, accumulation of monocytes. Indeed, it appears that the CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells that infiltrated the site of VACV infection in the ear are phenotypically distinct from the classical description of both neutrophils and monocyte/macrophages. We found that CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells produce Type I interferons and large quantities of reactive oxygen species. We also observed that depletion of Ly6G+ cells results in a dramatic increase in tissue damage at the site of infection. Tissue damage is also increased in the absence of reactive oxygen species, although reactive oxygen species are typically thought to be damaging to tissue rather than protective. These data indicate the existence of a specialized population of CD11b+Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells that infiltrates a site of virus infection late and protects the infected tissue from immune-mediated damage via production of reactive oxygen species. Regulation of the action of this population of cells may provide an intervention to prevent innate immune-mediated tissue destruction. During a natural virus infection, small doses of infectious virus are deposited at a peripheral infection site, and then a “race” ensues, in which the replicating virus attempts to “outpace” the responding immune system of the host. In the early phases of infection, the innate immune system must contain the infection prior to the development of an effective adaptive response. Here we have characterized the cells of the innate immune system that move to a site of peripheral virus infection, and we find that a subset of these cells display atypical expression of cell surface molecules, timing of infiltration, and function. These cells protect the infected tissue from damage by producing reactive oxygen molecules, which are widely accepted to increase tissue damage. Therefore our findings indicate that during a peripheral virus infection, the typical rules governing the function of the innate immune system are altered to prevent tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Fischer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Davies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Irene E. Reider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erica L. Heipertz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Melanie R. Epler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Janet J. Sei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Molly A. Ingersoll
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nico Van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendalyn J. Randolph
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Norbury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Halfhide CP, Flanagan BF, Brearey SP, Hunt JA, Fonceca AM, McNamara PS, Howarth D, Edwards S, Smyth RL. Respiratory syncytial virus binds and undergoes transcription in neutrophils from the blood and airways of infants with severe bronchiolitis. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:451-8. [PMID: 21742845 PMCID: PMC3132143 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils are the predominant cell in the lung inflammatory infiltrate of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. Although it has previously been shown that neutrophils from both blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are activated, little is understood about their role in response to RSV infection. This study investigated whether RSV proteins and mRNA are present in neutrophils from blood and BAL of infected infants. METHODS We obtained blood and BAL samples from 20 infants with severe RSV bronchiolitis and 8 healthy control infants. Neutrophil RSV F, G, and N proteins, RSV N genomic RNA, and messenger RNA (mRNA) were quantified. RESULTS RSV proteins were found in BAL and blood neutrophils in infants with RSV disease but not in neutrophils from healthy infants. BAL and blood neutrophils from infants with RSV disease, but not those from healthy infants, expressed RSV N genomic RNA, indicating uptake of whole virus; 17 of 20 BAL and 8 of 9 blood neutrophils from patients expressed RSV N mRNA. CONCLUSIONS This work shows, for the first time, the presence of RSV proteins and mRNA transcripts within BAL and blood neutrophils from infants with severe RSV bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare P. Halfhide
- Division of Child Health, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Royal Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital
| | | | - Stephen P. Brearey
- Division of Child Health, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Royal Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital
| | | | - Angela M. Fonceca
- Division of Child Health, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Royal Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital
| | - Paul S. McNamara
- Division of Child Health, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Royal Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital
| | - Deborah Howarth
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Steven Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rosalind L. Smyth
- Division of Child Health, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Royal Liverpool, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital
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50
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Tate MD, Ioannidis LJ, Croker B, Brown LE, Brooks AG, Reading PC. The role of neutrophils during mild and severe influenza virus infections of mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17618. [PMID: 21423798 PMCID: PMC3056712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils have been implicated in both protective and pathological responses following influenza virus infections. We have used mAb 1A8 (anti-Ly6G) to specifically deplete LyG6(high) neutrophils and induce neutropenia in mice infected with virus strains known to differ in virulence. Mice were also treated with mAb RB6-8C5 (anti-Ly6C/G or anti-Gr-1), a mAb widely used to investigate the role of neutrophils in mice that has been shown to bind and deplete additional leukocyte subsets. Using mAb 1A8, we confirm the beneficial role of neutrophils in mice infected with virus strains of intermediate (HKx31; H3N2) or high (PR8; H1N1) virulence whereas treatment of mice infected with an avirulent strain (BJx109; H3N2) did not affect disease or virus replication. Treatment of BJx109-infected mice with mAb RB6-8C5 was, however, associated with significant weight loss and enhanced virus replication indicating that other Gr-1(+) cells, not neutrophils, limit disease severity during mild influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D. Tate
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa J. Ioannidis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Croker
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorena E. Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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