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Banu SA, Pawde AM, Sharun K, Kalaiselvan E, Shivaramu S, Mathesh K, Chandra V, Kumar R, Maiti SK, Verma MR, Singh KP, Amarpal. Evaluation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with eggshell membrane for full-thickness wound healing in a rabbit model. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:493-508. [PMID: 37542003 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-023-10105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials capable of managing wounds should have essential features like providing a natural microenvironment for wound healing and as support material for stimulating tissue growth. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a highly produced global waste due to increased egg consumption. The unique and fascinating properties of ESM allow their potential application in tissue regeneration. The wound healing capacity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), ESM, and their combination in rabbits with full-thickness skin defect (2 × 2 cm2) was evaluated. Twenty-five clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits were divided into five groups of five animals each, with group A receiving no treatment (control group), group B receiving only fibrin glue (FG), group C receiving FG and ESM as a dressing, group D receiving FG and BM-MSCs, and group E receiving a combination of FG, ESM, and BM-MSCs. Wound healing was assessed using clinical, macroscopical, photographic, histological, histochemical, hematological, and biochemical analysis. Macroscopic examination of wounds revealed that healing was exceptional in group E, followed by groups D and C, compared to the control group. Histopathological findings revealed improved quality and a faster rate of healing in group E compared to groups A and B. In addition, healing in group B treated with topical FG alone was nearly identical to that in control group A. However, groups C and D showed improved and faster recovery than control groups A and B. The macroscopic, photographic, histological, and histochemical evaluations revealed that the combined use of BM-MSCs, ESM, and FG had superior and faster healing than the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Amitha Banu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Abhijit M Pawde
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - E Kalaiselvan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivaraju Shivaramu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karikalan Mathesh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swapan Kumar Maiti
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Med Ram Verma
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Trigo CM, Rodrigues JS, Camões SP, Solá S, Miranda JP. Mesenchymal stem cell secretome for regenerative medicine: Where do we stand? J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00181-4. [PMID: 38729561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have yielded beneficial effects in a broad range of preclinical models and clinical trials for human diseases. In the context of MSC transplantation, it is widely recognized that the main mechanism for the regenerative potential of MSCs is not their differentiation, with in vivo data revealing transient and low engraftment rates. Instead, MSCs therapeutic effects are mainly attributed to its secretome, i.e., paracrine factors secreted by these cells, further offering a more attractive and innovative approach due to the effectiveness and safety of a cell-free product. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we will discuss the potential benefits of MSC-derived secretome in regenerative medicine with particular focus on respiratory, hepatic, and neurological diseases. Both free and vesicular factors of MSC secretome will be detailed. We will also address novel potential strategies capable of improving their healing potential, namely by delivering important regenerative molecules according to specific diseases and tissue needs, as well as non-clinical and clinical studies that allow us to dissect their mechanisms of action. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW MSC-derived secretome includes both soluble and non-soluble factors, organized in extracellular vesicles (EVs). Importantly, besides depending on the cell origin, the characteristics and therapeutic potential of MSC secretome is deeply influenced by external stimuli, highlighting the possibility of optimizing their characteristics through preconditioning approaches. Nevertheless, the clarity around their mechanisms of action remains ambiguous, whereas the need for standardized procedures for the successful translation of those products to the clinics urges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Trigo
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana S Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio P Camões
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana P Miranda
- Research Institute for Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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3
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Hyun J, Eom J, Im J, Kim YJ, Seo I, Kim SW, Im GB, Kim YH, Lee DH, Park HS, Yun DW, Kim DI, Yoon JK, Um SH, Yang DH, Bhang SH. Fibroblast function recovery through rejuvenation effect of nanovesicles extracted from human adipose-derived stem cells irradiated with red light. J Control Release 2024; 368:453-465. [PMID: 38447812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts (hDFs) are widely employed for skin regeneration and the treatment of various skin disorders, yet research were rarely investigated about restoration of diminished therapeutic efficacy due to cell senescence. The application of stem cell and stem cell-derived materials, exosomes, were drawn attention for the restoration functionality of fibroblasts, but still have limitation for unintended side effect or low yield. To advance, stem cell-derived nanovesicle (NV) have developed for effective therapeutic reagents with high yield and low risk. In this study, we have developed a method using red light irradiated human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) derived NV (R-NVs) for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and rejuvenating hDFs. Through red light irradiation, we were able to significantly increase the content of stemness factors and angiogenic biomolecules in R-NVs. Treatment with these R-NVs was found to enhance the migration ability and leading to rejuvenation of old hDFs to levels similar to those of young hDFs. In subsequent in vivo experiments, the treatment of old hDFs with R-NVs demonstrated a superior skin wound healing effect, surpassing that of young hDFs. In summary, this study successfully induced rejuvenation and leading to increased therapeutic efficacy to R-NVs treated old hDFs previously considered as biowaste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Hyun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiin Eom
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Inwoo Seo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - Yeong Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ik Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 4726, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ho Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyeok Yang
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, Institute of Cell and Tissue Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Han J, Jia D, Yao H, Xu C, Huan Z, Jin H, Ge X. GRP78 improves the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells on hemorrhagic shock-induced liver injury: Involvement of the NF-кB and HO-1/Nrf-2 pathways. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23334. [PMID: 38050647 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301456rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a popular cell source for repairing the liver. Improving the survival rate and colonization time of MSCs may significantly improve the therapeutic outcomes of MSCs. Studies showed that 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) expression improves cell viability and migration. This study aims to examine whether GRP78 overexpression improves the efficacy of rat bone marrow-derived MSCs (rBMSCs) in HS-induced liver damage. Bone marrow was isolated from the femurs and tibias of rats. rBMSCs were transfected with a GFP-labeled GRP78 expression vector. Flow cytometry, transwell invasion assay, scratch assay immunoblotting, TUNEL assay, MTT assay, and ELISA were carried out. The results showed that GRP78 overexpression enhanced the migration and invasion of rBMSCs. Moreover, GRP78-overexpressing rBMSCs relieved liver damage, repressed liver oxidative stress, and inhibited apoptosis. We found that overexpression of GRP78 in rBMSCs inhibited activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory factors, and decreased the expression of CD68. Notably, GRP78 overexpression activated the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway and inhibited the NF-κB pathway. High expression of GRP78 efficiently enhanced the effect of rBMSC therapy. GRP78 may be a potential target to improve the therapeutic efficacy of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Huan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdou Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- Orthopedic Institution of Wuxi City, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
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5
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Mechanotransduction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during cardiomyocytes differentiation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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6
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Qi Y, Wu Z, Bai Y, Jiao Y, Li P. Effects of Adrenomedullin (ADM)-Modified Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) Transplantation on Cardiac Function and Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels in Rats with Heart Failure. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
After ADM gene treatment, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were transplanted into rats with heart failure to study its effect on rat heart function and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression. The rats were assigned into control group, BMSCs group and ADM group. 4 weeks
after transplantation, the rats’ cardiac function indexes were detected and the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was measured by western blot. Echocardiography analysis showed significant differences between groups (except LVDd) (P < 0.05). BMSCs and ADM groups had significantly lower
LVEF and LVFS levels than control group (P < 0.05) with a significantly higher level in ADM group than BMSCs group (P < 0.05). However, BMSCs and ADM groups presented a significantly higher LVDs (P < 0.05) without difference between them (P > 0.05).
Interestingly, no difference of LVDd was found among groups (P > 0.05). MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in BMSCs group were 0.389±0.021, 0.512±0.018, respectively, which were significantly elevated compared to control group (P < 0.05); MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein level
in the ADM group was 0.440±0.018 and 0.539±0.032 respectively, which was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). Compared with BMSCs group, ADM group had significantly increased protein levels of MMP-2/9 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ADM-modified
BMSCs transplantation can significantly inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 level, thereby improving the heart function of rats with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Qi
- Department of Extracardiac ICU, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- Department of Extracardiac ICU, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yaobang Bai
- Department of Extracardiac ICU, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Extracardiac ICU, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Peijun Li
- Department of Extracardiac ICU, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300222, China
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7
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Hsu HH, Wang AYL, Loh CYY, Pai AA, Kao HK. Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes Derived from Diabetic Adipose Stem Cells in Cutaneous Wound Healing of db/db Mice. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061206. [PMID: 35745779 PMCID: PMC9227821 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Diabetes impairs angiogenesis and wound healing. Paracrine secretion from adipose stem cells (ASCs) contains membrane-bound nano-vesicles called exosomes (ASC-Exo) but the functional role and therapeutic potential of diabetic ASC-Exo in wound healing are unknown. This study aims to investigate the in vivo mechanistic basis by which diabetic ASC-Exo enhance cutaneous wound healing in a diabetic mouse model. (2) Methods: Topically applied exosomes could efficiently target and preferentially accumulate in wound tissue, and the cellular origin, ASC or dermal fibroblast (DFb), has no influence on the biodistribution pattern of exosomes. In vivo, full-thickness wounds in diabetic mice were treated either with ASC-Exo, DFb-Exo, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) topically. ASC-Exo stimulated wound healing by dermal cell proliferation, keratinocyte proliferation, and angiogenesis compared with DFb-Exo and PBS-treated wounds. (3) Results: Diabetic ASC-Exo stimulated resident monocytes/macrophages to secrete more TGF-β1 and activate the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Fibroblasts activated by TGF-β1containing exosomes from ASCs initiate the production of TGF-β1 protein in an autocrine fashion, which leads to more proliferation and activation of fibroblasts. TGF-β1 is centrally involved in diabetic ASC-Exo mediated cellular crosstalk as an important early response to initiating wound regeneration. (4) Conclusions: The application of diabetic ASC-Exo informs the potential utility of a cell-free therapy in diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Hao Hsu
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Aline Yen Ling Wang
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Charles Yuen Yung Loh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK;
| | - Ashwin Alke Pai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Kai Kao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3281-200 (ext. 3355)
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Fadoul R, Haj Khalil T, Redenski I, Oren D, Zigron A, Sharon A, Dror AA, Falah M, Srouji S. The Modulatory Effect of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Endometrial Polyp Fibroblasts. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:311-321. [PMID: 35438525 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial polyps (EPs) are benign overgrowths of the endometrium, with the potential to cause severe complications, ranging from discomfort to inflammation and infertility. Dysfunction of endometrial fibroblasts may be a critical component leading to the development of polyps. While surgical intervention is the common remedy for severe cases, it comes with drawbacks, including infection, bleeding, and risk of damage to the cervix and adjacent tissues. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) are at the focus of modern medicine, as key modulators of tissue homeostasis, inflammation and tissue repair, rendering them prime candidate agents for tissue regeneration and cell-based therapies. In the current work, endometrial polyps were isolated from patients admitted to the OB/GYN department at the Galilee Medical Center and extracted fibroblasts (EPFs) were isolated and characterized. ASCs were isolated from healthy patients. The effect of EPF- and ASC-conditioned media (CM) on polyp-derived fibroblasts was evaluated, in both 2D and 3D assays, as well as on the expression of matrix-related gene expression. Herein, EPFs exposed to ASC-CM exhibited reduced migration, invasion, contraction of hydrogels, and extracellular matrix deposition, compared to those exposed to EPF-CM. Altogether, the current work suggests that ASCs may have a modulating effect on fibroblasts involved in forming endometrial polyps and may serve as the basis for conservative treatment strategies aimed at treating severe cases of EPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Fadoul
- Galilee Medical Center, 61255, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galilee College of Dental Sciences, Nahariya, Israel.,Bar-Ilan University, 26731, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel;
| | - Tharwat Haj Khalil
- Galilee Medical Center, 61255, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galilee College of Dental Sciences, Nahariya, Israel.,Bar-Ilan University, 26731, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel;
| | - Idan Redenski
- Galilee Medical Center, 61255, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galilee College of Dental Sciences, Nahariya, Israel.,Bar-Ilan University, 26731, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel;
| | - Daniel Oren
- Galilee Medical Center, 61255, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galilee College of Dental Sciences, Nahariya, Israel.,Bar-Ilan University, 26731, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel;
| | - Asaf Zigron
- Galilee Medical Center, 61255, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galilee College of Dental Sciences, Nahariya, Israel.,Bar-Ilan University, 26731, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel;
| | - Avishalom Sharon
- Galilee Medical Center, 61255, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel , Nahariya, North, Israel;
| | - Amiel A Dror
- Bar-Ilan University, 26731, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel.,Galilee Medical Center, 61255, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Nahariya, Israel;
| | - Mizied Falah
- Holy family hospital, Institute for Medical Research, Nazareth, Israel;
| | - Samer Srouji
- Galilee Medical Center, 61255, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Galilee College of Dental Sciences, Nahariya, Israel.,Bar-Ilan University, 26731, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Safed, Israel;
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Yang L, Patel KD, Rathnam C, Thangam R, Hou Y, Kang H, Lee KB. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomedical Applications Using Multifunctional Magnetic Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104783. [PMID: 35132796 PMCID: PMC9344859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (e.g., exosomes) carrying various biomolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) have rapidly emerged as promising platforms for many biomedical applications. Despite their enormous potential, their heterogeneity in surfaces and sizes, the high complexity of cargo biomolecules, and the inefficient uptake by recipient cells remain critical barriers for their theranostic applications. To address these critical issues, multifunctional nanomaterials, such as magnetic nanomaterials, with their tunable physical, chemical, and biological properties, may play crucial roles in next-generation extracellular vesicles (EV)-based disease diagnosis, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. As such, one aims to provide cutting-edge knowledge pertaining to magnetic nanomaterials-facilitated isolation, detection, and delivery of extracellular vesicles and their associated biomolecules. By engaging the fields of extracellular vesicles and magnetic nanomaterials, it is envisioned that their properties can be effectively combined for optimal outcomes in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kapil D. Patel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- CORRESPONDENCE: Prof. Heemin Kang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea, Phone: +82-2-3290-3853, , https://www.dynamicnano.org/; Prof. Ki-Bum Lee, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Tel. +1-848-445-2081; Fax: +1-732-445-5312, , https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- CORRESPONDENCE: Prof. Heemin Kang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea, Phone: +82-2-3290-3853, , https://www.dynamicnano.org/; Prof. Ki-Bum Lee, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Tel. +1-848-445-2081; Fax: +1-732-445-5312, , https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
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Combination Therapy of Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with WKYMVm Promotes Hepatic Function in a Rat Model with Hepatic Disease via Vascular Remodeling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020232. [PMID: 35053347 PMCID: PMC8773666 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the structure and function of blood vessels are important factors that play a primary role in regeneration of injured organs. WKYMVm has been reported as a therapeutic factor that promotes the migration and proliferation of angiogenic cells. Additionally, we previously demonstrated that placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) induce hepatic regeneration in hepatic failure via antifibrotic effects. Therefore, our objectives were to analyze the combination effect of PD-MSCs and WKYMVm in a rat model with bile duct ligation (BDL) and evaluate their therapeutic mechanism. To analyze the anti-fibrotic and angiogenic effects on liver regeneration, it was analyzed using ELISA, qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Collagen accumulation was significantly decreased in PD-MSCs with the WKYMVm combination (Tx+WK) group compared with the nontransplantation (NTx) and PD-MSC-transplanted (Tx) group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the combination of PD-MSCs with WKYMVm significantly promoted hepatic function by increasing hepatocyte proliferation and albumin as well as angiogenesis by activated FPR2 signaling (p < 0.05). The combination therapy of PD-MSCs with WKYMVm could be an efficient treatment in hepatic diseases via vascular remodeling. Therefore, the combination therapy of PD-MSCs with WKYMVm could be a new therapeutic strategy in degenerative medicine.
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11
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Piryani AK, Kilari S, Takahashi E, DeMartino RR, Mandrekar J, Dietz AB, Misra S. Rationale and Trial Design of MesEnchymal Stem Cell Trial in Preventing Venous Stenosis of Hemodialysis Vascular Access Arteriovenous Fistula (MEST AVF Trial). KIDNEY360 2021; 2:1945-1952. [PMID: 35419530 PMCID: PMC8986037 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0005182021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred vascular access for patients on hemodialysis. In the Hemodialysis Fistula Maturation Study, 44% of the patients achieved unassisted maturation of their fistula without needing an intervention. Venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH) and subsequent venous stenosis are responsible for lack of maturation. There are no therapies that can prevent VNH/VS formation. The goal of this paper is to present the background, rationale, and trial design of an innovative phase 1/2 clinical study that is investigating the safety of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells delivered locally to the adventitia of newly created upper extremity radiocephalic (RCF) or brachiocephalic fistula (BCF). Methods The rationale and preclinical studies used to obtain a physician-sponsored investigational new drug trial are discussed. The trial design and end points are discussed. Results This is an ongoing trial that will complete this year. Conclusion This is a phase 1/2 single-center, randomized trial that will investigate the safety and efficacy of autologous AMSCs in promoting maturation in new upper-extremity AVFs.Clinical Trial registration number: NCT02808208.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jay Mandrekar
- Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Allan B. Dietz
- Division of Transfusion Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sanjay Misra
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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12
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Kim JH, Yang HJ, Choi SS, Kim SU, Lee HJ, Song YS. Improved bladder contractility after transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor into underactive bladder from bladder outlet obstruction models of rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261402. [PMID: 34936660 PMCID: PMC8694482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction An underactive bladder can lead to difficulty in voiding that causes incomplete emptying of the bladder, suggesting the need for a new strategy to increase bladder contractility in such patients. This study was performed to investigate whether human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were capable of restoring bladder contractility in rats with underactive bladder due to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and enhancing their effects by overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in hMSCs. Materials and methods The hMSCs were transplanted into the bladder wall of rats. Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats at six weeks of age were divided into five groups: group 1: control; group 2: sham intervention; group 3: eight-week BOO; group 4: BOO rats transplanted with hMSCs; and group 5: BOO rats transplanted with hMSCs overexpressing HGF. Two weeks after the onset of BOO in groups 4 and 5, hMSCs were injected into the bladder wall. Cystometry evaluation was followed by Masson’s trichrome staining of bladder tissues. Realtime PCR and immunohistochemical staining were performed to determine for hypoxia, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Results Collagen deposition of bladder increased in BOO but decreased after transplantation of hMSCs. The increased inter-contraction interval and residual urine volume after BOO was reversed after hMSCs transplantation. The decreased maximal voiding pressure after BOO was restored by hMSCs treatment. The mRNA expression of bladder collagen1 and TGF-β1 increased in BOO but decreased after hMSCs transplantation. The decrease in vWF-positive cells in the bladder following BOO was increased after hMSCs transplantation. Caspase 3 and TUNEL-positive apoptosis of bladder cells increased in BOO but decreased after transplantation of hMSCs. These effects were enhanced by overexpressing HGF in hMSCs. Conclusion Transplantation of hMSCs into bladder wall increased the number of micro-vessels, decreased collagen deposition and apoptosis of detrusor muscle, and improved bladder underactivity. The effects were enhanced by overexpressing HGF in hMSCs. Our findings suggest that the restoration of underactive bladder using hMSCs may be used to rectify micturition disorders in patients following resolution of BOO. Further studies are needed before hMSCs can be used in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jo Yang
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sik Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheong Ju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U. Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hong J. Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheong Ju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJL); (YSS)
| | - Yun Seob Song
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HJL); (YSS)
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Infante A, Rodríguez CI. Cell and Cell-Free Therapies to Counteract Human Premature and Physiological Aging: MSCs Come to Light. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1043. [PMID: 34683184 PMCID: PMC8541473 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of the regenerative potential of tissues is one of the most obvious consequences of aging, driven by altered intercellular communication, cell senescence and niche-specific stem cell exhaustion, among other drivers. Mesenchymal tissues, such as bone, cartilage and fat, which originate from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation, are especially affected by aging. Senescent MSCs show limited proliferative capacity and impairment in key defining features: their multipotent differentiation and secretory abilities, leading to diminished function and deleterious consequences for tissue homeostasis. In the past few years, several interventions to improve human healthspan by counteracting the cellular and molecular consequences of aging have moved closer to the clinic. Taking into account the MSC exhaustion occurring in aging, advanced therapies based on the potential use of young allogeneic MSCs and derivatives, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), are gaining attention. Based on encouraging pre-clinical and clinical data, this review assesses the strong potential of MSC-based (cell and cell-free) therapies to counteract age-related consequences in both physiological and premature aging scenarios. We also discuss the mechanisms of action of these therapies and the possibility of enhancing their clinical potential by exposing MSCs to niche-relevant signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Infante
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Clara I Rodríguez
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
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14
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Wiśniewska J, Sadowska A, Wójtowicz A, Słyszewska M, Szóstek-Mioduchowska A. Perspective on Stem Cell Therapy in Organ Fibrosis: Animal Models and Human Studies. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101068. [PMID: 34685439 PMCID: PMC8538998 DOI: 10.3390/life11101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that result from the disruption of regulatory processes responsible for ECM synthesis, deposition, and remodeling. Fibrosis develops in response to a trigger or injury and can occur in nearly all organs of the body. Thus, fibrosis leads to severe pathological conditions that disrupt organ architecture and cause loss of function. It has been estimated that severe fibrotic disorders are responsible for up to one-third of deaths worldwide. Although intensive research on the development of new strategies for fibrosis treatment has been carried out, therapeutic approaches remain limited. Since stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), show remarkable self-renewal, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capacity, they have been intensively tested in preclinical studies and clinical trials as a potential tool to slow down the progression of fibrosis and improve the quality of life of patients with fibrotic disorders. In this review, we summarize in vitro studies, preclinical studies performed on animal models of human fibrotic diseases, and recent clinical trials on the efficacy of allogeneic and autologous stem cell applications in severe types of fibrosis that develop in lungs, liver, heart, kidney, uterus, and skin. Although the results of the studies seem to be encouraging, there are many aspects of cell-based therapy, including the cell source, dose, administration route and frequency, timing of delivery, and long-term safety, that remain open areas for future investigation. We also discuss the contemporary status, challenges, and future perspectives of stem cell transplantation for therapeutic options in fibrotic diseases as well as we present recent patents for stem cell-based therapies in organ fibrosis.
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15
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Guo J, Yang Z, Wang X, Xu Y, Lu Y, Qin Z, Zhang L, Xu J, Wang W, Zhang J, Tang J. Advances in Nanomaterials for Injured Heart Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:686684. [PMID: 34513807 PMCID: PMC8424111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.686684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Because of the limited regenerative capacity of adult myocardium to compensate for the loss of heart tissue after ischemic infarction, scientists have been exploring the possible mechanisms involved in the pathological process of ASCVD and searching for alternative means to regenerate infarcted cardiac tissue. Although numerous studies have pursued innovative solutions for reversing the pathological process of ASCVD and improving the effectiveness of delivering therapeutics, the translation of those advances into downstream clinical applications remains unsatisfactory because of poor safety and low efficacy. Recently, nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as a promising new strategy to strengthen both the efficacy and safety of ASCVD therapy. Thus, a comprehensive review of NMs used in ASCVD treatment will be useful. This paper presents an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms of ASCVD and the multifunctional mechanisms of NM-based therapy, including antioxidative, anti-inflammation and antiapoptosis mechanisms. The technological improvements of NM delivery are summarized and the clinical transformations concerning the use of NMs to treat ASCVD are examined. Finally, this paper discusses the challenges and future perspectives of NMs in cardiac regeneration to provide insightful information for health professionals on the latest advancements in nanotechnologies for ASCVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Medical Record Management, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Henan Medical Association, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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The Essential Need for a Validated Potency Assay for Cell-Based Therapies in Cardiac Regenerative and Reparative Medicine. A Practical Approach to Test Development. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2235-2244. [PMID: 34463902 PMCID: PMC8599250 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological treatments are one of the medical breakthroughs in the twenty-first century. The initial enthusiasm pushed the field towards indiscriminatory use of cell therapy regardless of the pathophysiological particularities of underlying conditions. In the reparative and regenerative cardiovascular field, the results of the over two decades of research in cell-based therapies, although promising still could not be translated into clinical scenario. Now, when we identified possible deficiencies and try to rebuild its foundations rigorously on scientific evidence, development of potency assays for the potential therapeutic product is one of the steps which will bring our goal of clinical translation closer. Although, highly challenging, the potency tests for cell products are considered as a priority by the regulatory agencies. In this paper we describe the main characteristics and challenges for a cell therapy potency test focusing on the cardiovascular field. Moreover, we discuss different steps and types of assays that should be taken into consideration for an eventual potency test development by tying together two fundamental concepts: target disease and expected mechanism of action.
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17
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Functions of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cardiac Repair. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1312:39-50. [PMID: 33330961 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF) are significant contributors of mortality worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold a great potential for cardiac regenerative medicine-based therapies. Their therapeutic potential has been widely investigated in various in-vitro and in-vivo preclinical models. Besides, they have been tested in clinical trials of MI and HF with various outcomes. Differentiation to lineages of cardiac cells, neovascularization, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and immune modulatory effects are the main drivers of MSC functions during cardiac repair. However, the main mechanisms regulating these functions and cross-talk between cells are not fully known yet. Increasing line of evidence also suggests that secretomes of MSCs and/or their extracellular vesicles play significant roles in a paracrine manner while mediating these functions. This chapter aims to summarize and highlight cardiac repair functions of MSCs during cardiac repair.
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18
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Su H, Cantrell AC, Zeng H, Zhu SH, Chen JX. Emerging Role of Pericytes and Their Secretome in the Heart. Cells 2021; 10:548. [PMID: 33806335 PMCID: PMC8001346 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes, as mural cells covering microvascular capillaries, play an essential role in vascular remodeling and maintaining vascular functions and blood flow. Pericytes are crucial participants in the physiological and pathological processes of cardiovascular disease. They actively interact with endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), fibroblasts, and other cells via the mechanisms involved in the secretome. The secretome of pericytes, along with diverse molecules including proinflammatory cytokines, angiogenic growth factors, and the extracellular matrix (ECM), has great impacts on the formation, stabilization, and remodeling of vasculature, as well as on regenerative processes. Emerging evidence also indicates that pericytes work as mesenchymal cells or progenitor cells in cardiovascular regeneration. Their capacity for differentiation also contributes to vascular remodeling in different ways. Previous studies primarily focused on the roles of pericytes in organs such as the brain, retina, lung, and kidney; very few studies have focused on pericytes in the heart. In this review, following a brief introduction of the origin and fundamental characteristics of pericytes, we focus on pericyte functions and mechanisms with respect to heart disease, ending with the promising use of cardiac pericytes in the treatment of ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Aubrey C Cantrell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Heng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Shai-Hong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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19
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Lohmann S, Eijken M, Møldrup U, Møller BK, Hunter J, Moers C, Leuvenink H, Ploeg RJ, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Hoogduijn M, Baan CC, Keller AK, Jespersen B. Ex Vivo Administration of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Kidney Grafts Against Ischemia-reperfusion Injury-Effective Delivery Without Kidney Function Improvement Posttransplant. Transplantation 2021; 105:517-528. [PMID: 32956281 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy may improve renal function after ischemia-reperfusion injury in transplantation. Ex vivo renal intraarterial administration is a targeted delivery method, avoiding the lung vasculature, a known barrier for cellular therapies. In a randomized and blinded study, we tested the feasibility and effectiveness of MSC therapy in a donation after circulatory death autotransplantation model to improve posttransplant kidney function, using an ex vivo MSC delivery method similar to the clinical standard procedure of pretransplant cold graft flush. METHODS Kidneys exposed to 75 minutes of warm ischemia and 16 hours of static cold storage were intraarterially infused ex vivo with 10 million male porcine MSCs (Tx-MSC, n = 8) or vehicle (Tx-control, n = 8). Afterwards, the kidneys were autotransplanted after contralateral nephrectomy. Biopsies an hour after reperfusion confirmed the presence of MSCs in the renal cortex. Animals were observed for 14 days. RESULTS Postoperatively, peak plasma creatinine was 1230 and 1274 µmol/L (Tx-controls versus Tx-MSC, P = 0.69). During follow-up, no significant differences over time were detected between groups regarding plasma creatinine, plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, or urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/creatinine ratio. At day 14, measured glomerular filtration rates were 40 and 44 mL/min, P = 0.66. Renal collagen content and fibrosis-related mRNA expression were increased in both groups but without significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated intraarterial MSC infusion to transplant kidneys as a safe and effective method to deliver MSCs to the graft. However, we could not detect any positive effects of this cell treatment within 14 days of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Lohmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marco Eijken
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulla Møldrup
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarne K Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - James Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril Moers
- Department of Surgery-Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henri Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery-Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger J Ploeg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Krarup Keller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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20
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An Update on the Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Cutaneous Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8834590. [PMID: 33505474 PMCID: PMC7806381 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8834590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are nonhematopoietic postnatal stem cells with self-renewal, multipotent differentiation, and potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory capabilities, thus playing an important role in tissue repair and regeneration. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential application of MSCs in the treatment of tissue inflammation and immune diseases, including inflammatory skin diseases. Therefore, understanding the biological and immunological characteristics of MSCs is important to standardize and optimize MSC-based regenerative therapy. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated immunomodulation and tissue repair/regeneration and present the latest development of MSC-based clinical trials on cutaneous diseases.
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21
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Kh S, Haider KH. Stem Cells: A Renewable Source of Pancreatic β-Cells and Future for Diabetes Treatment. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Sun H, Pratt RE, Hodgkinson CP, Dzau VJ. Sequential paracrine mechanisms are necessary for the therapeutic benefits of stem cell therapy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C1141-C1150. [PMID: 33026832 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00516.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell injections are an attractive therapeutic tool. It has been demonstrated that injected stem cells promote tissue repair and regeneration via paracrine mechanisms. However, the effects of injected stem cells continue for far longer than they are present. We hypothesized that the effects of injected stem cells are prolonged because of a sequential paracrine relay mechanism. Conditioned media was collected from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after 24 h. This media was then added to RAW264.7. Media was collected from the macrophages after 24 h and was then added to endothelial cells (ECs). This conditioned macrophage media, but not control media, promoted wound healing and induced EC differentiation. Similar results were observed with primary macrophages. To identify the active paracrine factors released by macrophages in response to stimulation by MSC conditioned media we used an antibody array, identifying increased expression of the angiogenesis-related proteins stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Knockdown of either protein inhibited the ability of conditioned media derived from MSC paracrine factor-stimulated macrophages to induce EC differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Conditioned media derived from postnatal day 7 (P7) mouse macrophages induced EC differentiation. Moreover, SDF1 and PAI-1 levels were >120 higher in P7 macrophages compared with adult macrophages, suggesting that MSC paracrine factors promote adult macrophages to adopt a juvenile phenotype. These results indicate that MSC paracrine factors induce macrophages to secrete SDF1 and PAI-1, in-turn inducing endothelial cells to differentiate. Identification of a sequential paracrine mechanism opens new therapeutic avenues for stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Sun
- Mandel Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard E Pratt
- Mandel Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Conrad P Hodgkinson
- Mandel Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor J Dzau
- Mandel Center for Heart and Vascular Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Burja B, Barlič A, Erman A, Mrak-Poljšak K, Tomšič M, Sodin-Semrl S, Lakota K. Human mesenchymal stromal cells from different tissues exhibit unique responses to different inflammatory stimuli. Curr Res Transl Med 2020; 68:217-224. [PMID: 32843323 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) - based therapies are emerging as promising treatment of various autoimmune diseases, however the utility of different MSC tissue sources remains elusive. We aimed to characterize MSC from different origins, namely bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT) and umbilical cord (UC) and determine their functional effects on normal human lung fibroblasts (NHLF). METHODS BM-, AT- or UC-MSC were isolated each from 3 different healthy donors. The gene expression and protein secretion were analyzed at basal level, along with TNFα-, IL-1β- and SAA- stimulated cells using real-time PCR and Luminex technology. Effect of conditioned medium (CM) from different MSC sources on migration was determined with wound scratch assay, while mitotic and apoptotic rates were studied using immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS BM-MSC expressed highest basal mRNA levels of SDF1 and VCAM-1, while other genes were similarly expressed between MSC origins. TNFα priming of AT-MSC gained a prominent increase in IDO1 and CCL5 gene expression, with 928-fold and 4396-fold changes, respectively. Among all tissue sources, basal UC-MSC released highest protein levels of most measured analytes, including IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, ICAM1, HGF, MMP1 and CH3L1. BM- and AT-MSC derived CM enhanced wound closure in NHLF, while an opposite effect was observed with UC-MSC derived CM. Our data also suggests that MSC-CM could contribute to decreased mitotic potential and increased apoptotic rate in lung fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights origin-specific MSC profile differences and emphasizes a heterogenic response of different MSC to inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Burja
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Rheumatology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Andreja Erman
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Katjuša Mrak-Poljšak
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Rheumatology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Matija Tomšič
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Rheumatology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Snezna Sodin-Semrl
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Rheumatology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Primorska, FAMNIT, Koper, Slovenia.
| | - Katja Lakota
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Rheumatology, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Primorska, FAMNIT, Koper, Slovenia.
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Li M, Jiang M, Meng J, Tao L. Exosomes: Carriers of Pro-Fibrotic Signals and Therapeutic Targets in Fibrosis. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4496-4509. [PMID: 31814552 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191209161443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that are released by a variety of cells. Exosomes contain cargo from cells they derived, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. The bilayer lipid membrane structure of exosomes protects these contents from degradation, allowing them for intercellular communication. The role of exosomes in fibrotic diseases is increasingly being valued. Exosomes, as carriers of profibrotic signals, are involved in the development of fibrotic diseases, and also regulate fibrosis by transmitting signals that inhibit fibrosis or inflammation. Exosomes mobilize and activate a range of effector cells by targeted delivery of bioactive information. Exosomes can also reflect the condition of cells, tissues and organisms, and thus become potential biomarkers of fibrotic diseases. Exosomes from bone marrow stem cells support biological signaling that regulates and inhibits fibrosis and thus initially used in the treatment of fibrotic diseases. This article briefly summarizes the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis and treatment of fibrotic diseases and raises some issues that remain to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 932 Lushans Rd, Yuela, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Organ Fibrosis Research Center, Central South University, 932 Lushans Rd, Yuela, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mao Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 932 Lushans Rd, Yuela, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Organ Fibrosis Research Center, Central South University, 932 Lushans Rd, Yuela, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 932 Lushans Rd, Yuela, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Organ Fibrosis Research Center, Central South University, 932 Lushans Rd, Yuela, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijian Tao
- Organ Fibrosis Research Center, Central South University, 932 Lushans Rd, Yuela, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 932 Lushans Rd, Yuela, Changsha, Hunan, China
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25
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Vadivel S, Vincent P, Sekaran S, Visaga Ambi S, Muralidar S, Selvaraj V, Palaniappan B, Thirumalai D. Inflammation in myocardial injury- Stem cells as potential immunomodulators for myocardial regeneration and restoration. Life Sci 2020; 250:117582. [PMID: 32222465 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ineffective immunosuppressant's and targeted strategies to neutralize inflammatory mediators have worsened the scenario of heart failure and have opened many questions for debate. Stem cell therapy has proven to be a promising approach for treating heart following myocardial infarction (MI). Adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells are possible cell types and have successfully shown to regenerate damaged myocardial tissue in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Current implications of using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) owing to their immunomodulatory functions and paracrine effects could serve as an effective alternative treatment option for rejuvenating the heart post MI. The major setback associated with the use of MSCs is reduced cell retention, engraftment and decreased effectiveness. With a few reports on understanding the role of inflammation and its dual effects on the structure and function of heart, this review focuses on these missing insights and further exemplifies the role of MSCs as an alternative therapy in treating the pathological consequences in myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajini Vadivel
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preethi Vincent
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Sekaran
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Senthil Visaga Ambi
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shibi Muralidar
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vimalraj Selvaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balamurugan Palaniappan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Diraviyam Thirumalai
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be-University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Shukla L, Yuan Y, Shayan R, Greening DW, Karnezis T. Fat Therapeutics: The Clinical Capacity of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Exosomes for Human Disease and Tissue Regeneration. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:158. [PMID: 32194404 PMCID: PMC7062679 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat grafting is a well-established surgical technique used in plastic surgery to restore deficient tissue, and more recently, for its putative regenerative properties. Despite more frequent use of fat grafting, however, a scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying either survival or remedial benefits of grafted fat remain lacking. Clinical use of fat grafts for breast reconstruction in tissues damaged by radiotherapy first provided clues regarding the clinical potential of stem cells to drive tissue regeneration. Healthy fat introduced into irradiated tissues appeared to reverse radiation injury (fibrosis, scarring, contracture and pain) clinically; a phenomenon since validated in several animal studies. In the quest to explain and enhance these therapeutic effects, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were suggested as playing a key role and techniques to enrich ADSCs in fat, in turn, followed. Stem cells - the body's rapid response 'road repair crew' - are on standby to combat tissue insults. ADSCs may exert influences either by releasing paracrine-signalling factors alone or as cell-free extracellular vesicles (EVs, exosomes). Alternatively, ADSCs may augment vital immune/inflammatory processes; or themselves differentiate into mature adipose cells to provide the 'building-blocks' for engineered tissue. Regardless, adipose tissue constitutes an ideal source for mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic application, due to ease of harvest and processing; and a relative abundance of adipose tissue in most patients. Here, we review the clinical applications of fat grafting, ADSC-enhanced fat graft, fat stem cell therapy; and the latest evolution of EVs and nanoparticles in healing, cancer and neurodegenerative and multiorgan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipi Shukla
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Plastic Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Yinan Yuan
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Ramin Shayan
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Department of Plastic Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Plastic, Hand and Faciomaxillary Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, VIC, Australia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara Karnezis
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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27
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Matsushita K. Heart Failure and Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:369-379. [PMID: 32277931 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising cell type for the treatment of heart failure (HF). In particular, MSCs in adipose tissue are being evaluated as an effective therapeutic tool. However, adipose MSCs are a major source of adipocyte generation and linked to obesity, which is an independent risk factor for HF. MSCs express all of the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of HF. The local RAS also regulates MSC adipogenesis, indicating a connection between MSC-adipogenesis-obesity and HF. This review examines evidence of the complex relationship between HF and adipose MSCs and discusses how to explore this association for favorable therapeutic outcomes for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Matsushita
- Division of Cardiology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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28
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de Freitas JS, Neves CA, Del Carlo RJ, Belfort FG, Lavorato VN, Silame-Gomes LHL, Ramos RMS, Cunha DQND, Okano BS, Pereira VG, de Oliveira EM, Carneiro-Júnior MA, Natali AJ. Effects of exercise training and stem cell therapy on the left ventricle of infarcted rats. Rev Port Cardiol 2019; 38:649-656. [PMID: 31812373 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Stem cell therapy and aerobic exercise are non-pharmacological therapies following myocardial infarction. The aim of this study was to test whether aerobic exercise training enhances the benefits of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy on remodeling of the extracellular matrix and fetal gene expression in the left ventricle of infarcted rats. METHODS Myocardial infarction was surgically induced in six-week old male Wistar rats. Animals were divided into four groups: sedentary control (SC) and sedentary and stem cell treated (SCMSC); exercised (EX) and exercised and stem cell treated (EXMSC). Bone marrow-derived MSCs were immediately transplanted via the tail vein (concentration: 1×106 cells). Exercise training (five days/week, 60 min/day; 60% of maximal running speed) started 24 hours after myocardial infarction and lasted for 12 weeks. RESULTS Exercise capacity was higher in exercised than in sedentary groups. Animals in the SCMSC, EX and EXMSC groups exhibited better cardiac function than those in SC. Collagen content was lower in the SCMSC, EX and EXMSC groups than in SC and skeletal α-actin expression was lower in EX and EXMSC than in SC. The α/β-MHC ratio was higher in EX and EXMSC than in SC. The combination of therapies further reduced collagen content in the remote region of the infarct (∼24%) and skeletal α-actin expression (∼30%). CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise training appears to enhance the beneficial effects of stem cell therapy on remodeling of the extracellular matrix and fetal gene expression in the left ventricle of rats with moderate infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S de Freitas
- General Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Clóvis A Neves
- General Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J Del Carlo
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe G Belfort
- Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor N Lavorato
- Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis H L Silame-Gomes
- Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Regiane M S Ramos
- Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Daise Q N da Cunha
- Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara S Okano
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa G Pereira
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Edilamar M de Oliveira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio J Natali
- Physical Education Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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29
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Haenel A, Ghosn M, Karimi T, Vykoukal J, Shah D, Valderrabano M, Schulz DG, Raizner A, Schmitz C, Alt EU. Unmodified autologous stem cells at point of care for chronic myocardial infarction. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:831-858. [PMID: 31692971 PMCID: PMC6828597 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i10.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies investigated cell-based therapies for myocardial infarction (MI). The conflicting results of these studies have established the need for developing innovative approaches for applying cell-based therapy for MI. Experimental studies on animal models demonstrated the potential of fresh, uncultured, unmodified, autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs) for treating acute MI. In contrast, studies on the treatment of chronic MI (CMI; > 4 wk post-MI) with UA-ADRCs have not been published so far. Among several methods for delivering cells to the myocardium, retrograde delivery into a temporarily blocked coronary vein has recently been demonstrated as an effective option.
AIM To test the hypothesis that in experimentally-induced chronic myocardial infarction (CMI; > 4 wk post-MI) in pigs, retrograde delivery of fresh, uncultured, unmodified, autologous adipose-derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs) into a temporarily blocked coronary vein improves cardiac function and structure.
METHODS The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery of pigs was blocked for 180 min at time point T0. Then, either 18 × 106 UA-ADRCs prepared at “point of care” or saline as control were retrogradely delivered via an over-the-wire balloon catheter placed in the temporarily blocked LAD vein 4 wk after T0 (T1). Effects of cells or saline were assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, late gadolinium enhancement CMR imaging, and post mortem histologic analysis 10 wk after T0 (T2).
RESULTS Unlike the delivery of saline, delivery of UA-ADRCs demonstrated statistically significant improvements in cardiac function and structure at T2 compared to T1 (all values given as mean ± SE): Increased mean LVEF (UA-ADRCs group: 34.3% ± 2.9% at T1 vs 40.4 ± 2.6% at T2, P = 0.037; saline group: 37.8% ± 2.6% at T1 vs 36.2% ± 2.4% at T2, P > 0.999), increased mean cardiac output (UA-ADRCs group: 2.7 ± 0.2 L/min at T1 vs 3.8 ± 0.2 L/min at T2, P = 0.002; saline group: 3.4 ± 0.3 L/min at T1 vs 3.6 ± 0.3 L/min at T2, P = 0.798), increased mean mass of the left ventricle (UA-ADRCs group: 55.3 ± 5.0 g at T1 vs 71.3 ± 4.5 g at T2, P < 0.001; saline group: 63.2 ± 3.4 g at T1 vs 68.4 ± 4.0 g at T2, P = 0.321) and reduced mean relative amount of scar volume of the left ventricular wall (UA-ADRCs group: 20.9% ± 2.3% at T1 vs 16.6% ± 1.2% at T2, P = 0.042; saline group: 17.6% ± 1.4% at T1 vs 22.7% ± 1.8% at T2, P = 0.022).
CONCLUSION Retrograde cell delivery of UA-ADRCs in a porcine model for the study of CMI significantly improved myocardial function, increased myocardial mass and reduced the formation of scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Haenel
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck D-23562, Germany
| | - Mohamad Ghosn
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Tahereh Karimi
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
| | - Jody Vykoukal
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Dipan Shah
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Miguel Valderrabano
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Daryl G Schulz
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Albert Raizner
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Christoph Schmitz
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich D-80336, Germany
| | - Eckhard U Alt
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States
- The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, United States
- Isar Klinikum Munich, Munich D-80331, Germany
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30
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Lv K, Li Q, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Zhao J, Lin X, Wang J, Zhu K, Xiao C, Ke C, Zhong S, Wu X, Chen J, Yu H, Zhu W, Li X, Wang B, Tang R, Wang J, Huang J, Hu X. Incorporation of small extracellular vesicles in sodium alginate hydrogel as a novel therapeutic strategy for myocardial infarction. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7403-7416. [PMID: 31695776 PMCID: PMC6831299 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been widely used for treating myocardial infarction (MI). However, low retention and short-lived therapeutic effects are still significant challenges. This study aimed to determine whether incorporation of MSC-derived sEVs in alginate hydrogel increases their retention in the heart thereby improving therapeutic effects. Methods: The optimal sodium alginate hydrogel incorporating sEVs system was determined by its release ability of sEVs and rheology of hydrogel. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging was utilized to evaluate the retention of sEVs in the heart. Immunoregulation and effects of sEVs on angiogenesis were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Echocardiography and Masson's trichrome staining were used to estimate cardiac function and infarct size. Results: The delivery of sEVs incorporated in alginate hydrogel (sEVs-Gel) enhanced their retention in the heart. Compared with sEVs only treatment (sEVs), sEVs-Gel treatment significantly decreased cardiac cell apoptosis and promoted the polarization of macrophages at day 3 after MI. sEVs-Gel treatment also increased scar thickness and angiogenesis at four weeks post-infarction. Measurement of cardiac function and infarct size were significantly better in the sEVs-Gel group than in the group treated with sEVs only. Conclusion: Delivery of sEVs incorporated in alginate hydrogel provides a novel approach of cell-free therapy and optimizes the therapeutic effect of sEVs for MI.
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31
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de Freitas JS, Neves CA, Del Carlo RJ, Belfort FG, Lavorato VN, Silame-Gomes LH, Ramos RM, Cunha DQD, Okano BS, Pereira VG, de Oliveira EM, Carneiro-Júnior MA, Natali AJ. Effects of exercise training and stem cell therapy on the left ventricle of infarcted rats. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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32
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Khan ES, Sankaran S, Paez JI, Muth C, Han MKL, del Campo A. Photoactivatable Hsp47: A Tool to Regulate Collagen Secretion and Assembly. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801982. [PMID: 31065523 PMCID: PMC6498102 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant structural protein in mammals and is crucial for the mechanical integrity of tissues. Hsp47, an endoplasmic reticulum resident collagen-specific chaperone, is involved in collagen biosynthesis and plays a fundamental role in the folding, stability, and intracellular transport of procollagen triple helices. This work reports on a photoactivatable derivative of Hsp47 that allows regulation of collagen biosynthesis within mammalian cells using light. Photoactivatable Hsp47 contains a non-natural light-responsive tyrosine (o-nitro benzyl tyrosine (ONBY)) at Tyr383 position of the protein sequence. This mutation renders Hsp47 inactive toward collagen binding. The inactive, photoactivatable protein is easily uptaken by cells within a few minutes of incubation, and accumulated at the endoplasmic reticulum via retrograde KDEL receptor-mediated uptake. Upon light exposure, the photoactivatable Hsp47 turns into functional Hsp47 in situ. The increased intracellular concentration of Hsp47 results in stimulated secretion of collagen. The ability to promote collagen synthesis on demand, with spatiotemporal resolution, and in diseased state cells is demonstrated in vitro. It is envisioned that photoactivatable Hsp47 allows unprecedented fundamental studies of collagen biosynthesis, matrix biology, and inspires new therapeutic concepts in biomedicine and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essak S. Khan
- INM‐Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2,66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentSaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | | | - Julieta I. Paez
- INM‐Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2,66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Christina Muth
- INM‐Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2,66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Mitchell K. L. Han
- INM‐Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2,66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- INM‐Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsCampus D2 2,66123SaarbrückenGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentSaarland University66123SaarbrückenGermany
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33
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Bracco Gartner TCL, Deddens JC, Mol EA, Magin Ferrer M, van Laake LW, Bouten CVC, Khademhosseini A, Doevendans PA, Suyker WJL, Sluijter JPG, Hjortnaes J. Anti-fibrotic Effects of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in a 3D-Model of Human Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:52. [PMID: 31080805 PMCID: PMC6497755 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts play a key role in chronic heart failure. The conversion from cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast as a result of cardiac injury, will lead to excessive matrix deposition and a perpetuation of pro-fibrotic signaling. Cardiac cell therapy for chronic heart failure may be able to target fibroblast behavior in a paracrine fashion. However, no reliable human fibrotic tissue model exists to evaluate this potential effect of cardiac cell therapy. Using a gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel and human fetal cardiac fibroblasts (hfCF), we created a 3D in vitro model of human cardiac fibrosis. This model was used to study the possibility to modulate cellular fibrotic responses. Our approach demonstrated paracrine inhibitory effects of cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) on both cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen synthesis in vitro and revealed that continuous cross-talk between hfCF and CPC seems to be indispensable for the observed anti-fibrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom C L Bracco Gartner
- Division Heart, and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine C Deddens
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Emma A Mol
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marina Magin Ferrer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linda W van Laake
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology, Department of Biomedical Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Director of Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Willem J L Suyker
- Division Heart, and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jesper Hjortnaes
- Division Heart, and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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34
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Ejaz A, Epperly MW, Hou W, Greenberger JS, Rubin JP. Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Therapy Ameliorates Ionizing Irradiation Fibrosis via Hepatocyte Growth Factor-Mediated Transforming Growth Factor-β Downregulation and Recruitment of Bone Marrow Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:791-802. [PMID: 30861238 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy to anatomic regions, including the head and neck, chest wall, and extremities, can produce radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF). To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism(s) involved in RIF, female C57BL/6J mice were irradiated to the right flank to 35 Gy in single fraction using 6 Mv electrons. Radiation fibrosis was detected by day 14, was increased by day 28, and confirmed by Masson's trichrome histological staining for collagen. Biopsied tissue at day 14 showed an increase in expression of fibrosis-related genes including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and collagens 1-6. A single adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) injection on day 28 at the irradiated site decreased by day 40: epithelial thickness, collagen deposition, and significantly improved limb excursion compared with irradiated controls. Noncontact transwell coculture of ASCs above a monolayer of irradiated human foreskin fibroblasts downregulated fibrosis-related genes TGF-β, connective tissue growth factor, interleukin-1, NF-kB, tumor necrosis factor, and collagens 1-6. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secreted by ASCs was identified as a novel mechanism by which ASCs exert antifibrotic effects by downregulating fibrotic gene expression in irradiated cells and recruiting bone marrow cells to the irradiated site. In conclusion, these data indicate a mechanistic role of HGF secreted by ASCs in reducing RIF. Stem Cells 2019;37:791-802.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ejaz
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael W Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Peter Rubin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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35
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Gunawardena TNA, Rahman MT, Abdullah BJJ, Abu Kasim NH. Conditioned media derived from mesenchymal stem cell cultures: The next generation for regenerative medicine. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:569-586. [PMID: 30644175 DOI: 10.1002/term.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the main driving force behind the therapeutic activity observed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the paracrine factors secreted by these cells. These biomolecules also trigger antiapoptotic events to prevent further degeneration of the diseased organ through paracrine signalling mechanisms. In comparison with the normal physiological conditions, an increased paracrine gradient is observed within the peripheral system of diseased organs that enhances the migration of tissue-specific MSCs towards the site of infection or injury to promote healing. Thus, upon administration of conditioned media derived from mesenchymal stem cell cultures (MSC-CM) could contribute in maintaining the increased paracrine factor gradient between the diseased organ and the stem cell niche in order to speed up the process of recovery. Based on the principle of the paracrine signalling mechanism, MSC-CM, also referred as the secretome of the MSCs, is a rich source of the paracrine factors and are being studied extensively for a wide range of regenerative therapies such as myocardial infarction, stroke, bone regeneration, hair growth, and wound healing. This article highlights the current technological applications and advances of MSC-CM with the aim to appraise its future potential as a regenerative therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Tariqur Rahman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Regenerative Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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36
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Effect of Stem Cell Treatment on Acute Liver Failure Model Using Scaffold. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:781-791. [PMID: 30421375 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injecting MSCs via blood vessel is most commonly used method, which has a major drawback of safety. The aim of our study was to evaluate efficacy using scaffold-loaded MSCs in acute liver failure model. METHOD Acute liver failure was induced in mice using thioacetamide (TAA) (200 mg/kg, i.p) once a day for two consecutive days. The animals were divided in four acute liver failure groups: (1) TAA; (2) empty scaffold; (3) MSCs injected through tail vein; (4) MSC + Scaffold, scaffold loaded with MSCs, to evaluate the mortality and changes in liver function. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold alone and loaded with human MSCs was implanted on mice dorsum. RESULTS TAA dose was titrated until one-third mortality rate was achieved. TAA (200 mg/kg) once daily for two consecutive days was injected to establish the acute liver failure model. The mortality of TAA and scaffold groups was 55.9% and 63.2%, respectively. Although, mortality of MSC-TV group decreased 14.7% as compared to TAA group (p = 0.200), MSC + Scaffold group had the lowest mortality (31.4%) (p = 0.013). Cells implanted in PLGA biomaterial were survived until 3 weeks, and their function was increased. Area of hepatic inflammation and necrosis was significantly reduced in MSC-TV and MSC + Scaffold groups; but there was no difference between the two groups. Gene expressions related to inflammation were significantly decreased in MSC-TV and MSC + Scaffold groups compared to TAA group. In MSC + Scaffold group, no migration of stem cells to liver tissue was observed. Although, not all cells in scaffold were stained, some of them were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells which stained positive for PAS and CYP2E1 antibody. CONCLUSION Scaffold loaded with MSCs showed protective effects via paracrine signaling on acute liver failure model.
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Liguori TTA, Liguori GR, Moreira LFP, Harmsen MC. Fibroblast growth factor-2, but not the adipose tissue-derived stromal cells secretome, inhibits TGF-β1-induced differentiation of human cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16633. [PMID: 30413733 PMCID: PMC6226511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent inducer of fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and contributes to the pro-fibrotic microenvironment during cardiac remodeling. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a growth factor secreted by adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC) which can antagonize TGF-β1 signaling. We hypothesized that TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is abrogated by FGF-2 and ASC conditioned medium (ASC-CMed). Our experiments demonstrated that TGF-β1 treatment-induced cardiac fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, as evidenced by the formation of contractile stress fibers rich in αSMA. FGF-2 blocked the differentiation, as evidenced by the reduction in gene (TAGLN, p < 0.0001; ACTA2, p = 0.0056) and protein (αSMA, p = 0.0338) expression of mesenchymal markers and extracellular matrix components gene expression (COL1A1, p < 0.0001; COL3A1, p = 0.0029). ASC-CMed did not block myofibroblast differentiation. The treatment with FGF-2 increased matrix metalloproteinases gene expression (MMP1, p < 0.0001; MMP14, p = 0.0027) and decreased the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase gene TIMP2 (p = 0.0023). ASC-CMed did not influence these genes. The proliferation of TGF-β1-induced human cardiac fibroblasts was restored by both FGF-2 (p = 0.0002) and ASC-CMed (p = 0.0121). The present study supports the anti-fibrotic effects of FGF-2 through the blockage of cardiac fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts. ASC-CMed, however, did not replicate the anti-fibrotic effects of FGF-2 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tácia Tavares Aquinas Liguori
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Romero Liguori
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luiz Felipe Pinho Moreira
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin Conrad Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Haider KH. Bone marrow cell therapy and cardiac reparability: better cell characterization will enhance clinical success. Regen Med 2018; 13:457-475. [PMID: 29985118 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly two decades of experimental and clinical research with bone marrow cells have paved the way for Phase III pivotal trials in larger groups of heart patients. Despite immense advancements, a multitude of factors are hampering the acceptance of bone marrow cell-based therapy for routine clinical use. These include uncertainties regarding purification and characterization of the cell preparation, delivery protocols, mechanistic understanding and study end points and their methods of assessment. Clinical data show mediocre outcomes in terms of sustained cardiac pump function. This review reasons that the modest outcomes observed in trials thus far are based on quality of the cell preparation with a focus on the chronological aging of cells when autologous cells are used for transplantation in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja H Haider
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sulaiman AlRajhi Medical School, Al Qassim, Al Bukayria, 51941, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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39
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Maleiner B, Tomasch J, Heher P, Spadiut O, Rünzler D, Fuchs C. The Importance of Biophysical and Biochemical Stimuli in Dynamic Skeletal Muscle Models. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1130. [PMID: 30246791 PMCID: PMC6113794 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical approaches to engineer skeletal muscle tissue based on current regenerative and surgical procedures still do not meet the desired outcome for patient applications. Besides the evident need to create functional skeletal muscle tissue for the repair of volumetric muscle defects, there is also growing demand for platforms to study muscle-related diseases, such as muscular dystrophies or sarcopenia. Currently, numerous studies exist that have employed a variety of biomaterials, cell types and strategies for maturation of skeletal muscle tissue in 2D and 3D environments. However, researchers are just at the beginning of understanding the impact of different culture settings and their biochemical (growth factors and chemical changes) and biophysical cues (mechanical properties) on myogenesis. With this review we intend to emphasize the need for new in vitro skeletal muscle (disease) models to better recapitulate important structural and functional aspects of muscle development. We highlight the importance of choosing appropriate system components, e.g., cell and biomaterial type, structural and mechanical matrix properties or culture format, and how understanding their interplay will enable researchers to create optimized platforms to investigate myogenesis in healthy and diseased tissue. Thus, we aim to deliver guidelines for experimental designs to allow estimation of the potential influence of the selected skeletal muscle tissue engineering setup on the myogenic outcome prior to their implementation. Moreover, we offer a workflow to facilitate identifying and selecting different analytical tools to demonstrate the successful creation of functional skeletal muscle tissue. Ultimately, a refinement of existing strategies will lead to further progression in understanding important aspects of muscle diseases, muscle aging and muscle regeneration to improve quality of life of patients and enable the establishment of new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babette Maleiner
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janine Tomasch
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Heher
- The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology/AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Trauma Care Consult GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Rünzler
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Fuchs
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna, Austria.,The Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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40
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Abstract
After a myocardial infarction, heart tissue becomes irreversibly damaged, leading to scar formation and inevitably ischemic heart failure. Of the many available interventions after a myocardial infarction, such as percutaneous intervention or pharmacological optimization, none can reverse the ischemic insult on the heart and restore cardiac function. Thus, the only available cure for patients with scarred myocardium is allogeneic heart transplantation, which comes with extensive costs, risks, and complications. However, multiple studies have shown that the heart is, in fact, not an end-stage organ and that there are endogenous mechanisms in place that have the potential to spark regeneration. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a potential tool to tap into and activate this endogenous framework. Particularly promising are stem cells derived from cardiac tissue itself, referred to as cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs). CDCs can be extracted and isolated from the patient's myocardium and then administered by intramyocardial injection or intracoronary infusion. After early success in the animal model, multiple clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of autologous CDC therapy in humans. Clinical trials with allogeneic CDCs showed early promising results and pose a potential "off-the-shelf" therapy for patients in the acute setting after a myocardial infarction. The mechanism responsible for CDC-induced cardiac regeneration seems to be a combination of triggering native cardiomyocyte proliferation and recruitment of endogenous progenitor cells, which most prominently occurs via paracrine effects. A further understanding of the mediators involved in paracrine signaling can help with the development of a stem cell-free therapy, with all the benefits and none of the associated complications.
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41
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Yeon JH, Jeong HE, Seo H, Cho S, Kim K, Na D, Chung S, Park J, Choi N, Kang JY. Cancer-derived exosomes trigger endothelial to mesenchymal transition followed by the induction of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:146-153. [PMID: 30078422 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a pivotal role in tumor growth, but very little has been known about its characteristics and origin. Recently, cancer-derived exosome has been suggested to transdifferentiate CAFs, by a new mechanism of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), initiating angiogenic processes and triggering metastatic evolution. However, an enabling tool in vitro is yet to be developed to investigate complicated procedures of the EndMT and the transdifferentiation under reconstituted tumor microenvironment. Here we proposed an in vitro microfluidic model which enables to monitor a synergetic effect of complex tumor microenvironment in situ, including extracellular matrix (ECM), interstitial flow and environmental exosomes. The number of CAFs differentiated from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increased with melanoma-derived exosomes, presenting apparent morphological and molecular changes with pronounced motility. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes were found to suppress EndMT, induce angiogenesis and maintain vascular homeostasis, while cancer-derived exosomes promoted EndMT. Capabilities of the new microfluidic model exist in precise regulation of the complex tumor microenvironment and therefore successful reconstitution of 3D microvasculature niches, enabling in situ investigation of EndMT procedure between various cell types. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study presents an in vitro 3D EndMT model to understand the progress of the CAF generation by recapitulating the 3D tumor microenvironment in a microfluidic device. Both cancer-derived exosomes and interstitial fluid flow synergetically played a pivotal role in the EndMT and consequent formation of CAFs through a collagen-based ECM. Our approach also enabled the demonstration of a homeostatic capability of MSC-derived exosomes, ultimately leading to the recovery of CAFs back to endothelial cells. The in vitro 3D EndMT model can serve as a powerful tool to validate exosomal components that could be further developed to anti-cancer drugs.
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42
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Zhang J, Tian X, Peng C, Yan C, Li Y, Sun M, Kang J, Gao E, Han Y. Transplantation of CREG modified embryonic stem cells improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:482-489. [PMID: 29684345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Engraftment of embryonic stem cells (ESC) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for post-infarction cardiac dysfunction. However, only mild function improvement has been achieved due to low survival rate and paracrine dysfunction of transplanted stem cells. Cellular repressor of E1A stimulated genes (CREG) has been reported to be a secreted glycoprotein implicated in promoting survival and differentiation of many cell types. Therefore we hypothesized that transplantation of genetically modified ESC with CREG (CREG-ESC) can improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction in mice. A total of 2 × 105 CREG-ESC or EGFP-ESC were engrafted into the border zone in a myocardial infarction model in mice. Cardiac function, infarct size and fibrosis at 4 weeks, survival of transplanted ESC, apoptosis and cytokine level of heart tissue, and teratoma formation were assessed in vivo. Apoptosis of ESC under inflammatory stimuli and cardiac differentiation of ESC were investigated in vitro. After 4 weeks, we found transplantation of CREG-ESC could significantly improve cardiac function, ameliorate cardiac remodeling, and reduce infarct size and fibrosis area. Transplantation of CREG-ESC remarkably increased ESC survival in the border zone and inhibited apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the decrease of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and increase of anti-inflammatory factors (TGF-β, bFGF and VEGF165) in the border zone were higher in CREG-ESC transplanted hearts. Safety evaluation showed that all transplantation at 2 × 105 per heart dose produced no teratoma. Surprisingly, the mice with 3.0 × 106 CREG-ESC transplantation was demonstrated teratoma free without cardiac rhythm disturbances in contrast to 100% teratoma formation and rhythm abnormality for the same dose of EGFP-ESC transplantation. In addition, overexpression of CREG inhibits ESC apoptosis and enhanced their differentiation into cardiomyocytes in vitro. Transplantation of CREG-modified ESC exhibits a favorable survival pattern in infarcted hearts, which translates into a substantial preservation of cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chengfei Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yaling Han
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Zheng J, Wang Q, Leng W, Sun X, Peng J. Bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cell‑conditioned medium attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting monocyte mobilization in an irreversible model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7701-7707. [PMID: 29620281 PMCID: PMC5983967 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell‑conditioned medium (MSC‑CM) contains various cytokines (osteopontin and macrophage colony stimulating factor 1) secreted by MSCs and may modulate the immune response in tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether MSC‑CM treatment may affect B cell‑dependent immune responses, which have previously been reported to facilitate the renal fibrotic processes following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). In the present study, histological analysis, flow cytometry, western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed. MSC‑CM treatment was observed to impede renal infiltration of B lymphocytes and the expression of CC chemokine ligand‑2. Additionally, UUO suppressed the subsequent recruitment of monocytes/macrophages to the kidney, limited local inflammation and attenuated renal fibrosis. The findings of the present study identified a potential mechanism of MSC‑CM in ameliorating the UUO‑kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Weixue Leng
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Xia Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Rizhao Central Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
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44
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Shafei AES, Ali MA, Ghanem HG, Shehata AI, Abdelgawad AA, Handal HR, ElSayed AS, Ashaal AE, Ali MM, El-Shal AS. Mechanistic effects of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells: New therapeutic targets in myocardial infarction. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5274-5286. [PMID: 29266431 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) results in dysfunction and irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes and is of the most serious health threats today. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been explored as promising cell therapy in MI and regenerative therapy. Recently, reports investigated the potential therapeutic effects of MSCs or HSCs transplantation after MI in numerous experimental and clinical studies; however, their results are controversy and needs more explorations. The current review is an attempt to clarify the therapeutic potentials of MSCs and HSCs in MI therapy, as well as their possible effects; especially the paracrine one and the exosome-derived stem cell among animal models as well as clinical trials conducted within the last 10 years. In this context, various sources of MSCs and HSCs have been addressed in helping cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells niche or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. In addition, both MSCs and HSCs could produce paracrine mediators and growth factors which led to cardiomyocytes protection, angiogenesis, immunemodulation, antioxidants, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, as well as increasing cardiac contractility. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), a miRNA sponge, are recent stem cell-derived mediators can be promising targets of MSCs and HSCs through their paracrine effects. Although MSCs and HSCs have achieved considerable achievements, however, some challenges still remain that need to be overcome in order to establish it as a successful technique. The present review clarified the mechanistic potentials of MSCs and HSCs especially paracrine effects involved in MI including human and animal studies and the challenges challenges regarding type, differentiation, route, and number of injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Sayed Shafei
- Biomedical Research Department, Military Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ali
- Biomedical Research Department, Military Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem G Ghanem
- Undergraduate Student, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Shehata
- Undergraduate Student, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hossam R Handal
- Undergraduate Student, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed E Ashaal
- Undergraduate Student, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mazen M Ali
- Undergraduate Student, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal S El-Shal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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45
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La Francesca S, Aho JM, Barron MR, Blanco EW, Soliman S, Kalenjian L, Hanson AD, Todorova E, Marsh M, Burnette K, DerSimonian H, Odze RD, Wigle DA. Long-term regeneration and remodeling of the pig esophagus after circumferential resection using a retrievable synthetic scaffold carrying autologous cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4123. [PMID: 29515136 PMCID: PMC5841275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of esophageal disease can necessitate resection and reconstruction of the esophagus. Current reconstruction approaches are limited to utilization of an autologous conduit such as stomach, small bowel, or colon. A tissue engineered construct providing an alternative for esophageal replacement in circumferential, full thickness resection would have significant clinical applications. In the current study, we demonstrate that regeneration of esophageal tissue is feasible and reproducible in a large animal model using synthetic polyurethane electro-spun grafts seeded with autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (aMSCs) and a disposable bioreactor. The scaffolds were not incorporated into the regrown esophageal tissue and were retrieved endoscopically. Animals underwent adipose tissue biopsy to harvest and expand autologous aMSCs for seeding on electro-spun polyurethane conduits in a bioreactor. Anesthetized pigs underwent full thickness circumferential resection of the mid-lower thoracic esophagus followed by implantation of the cell seeded scaffold. Results from these animals showed gradual structural regrowth of endogenous esophageal tissue, including squamous esophageal mucosa, submucosa, and smooth muscle layers with blood vessel formation. Scaffolds carrying autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells may provide an alternative to the use of a gastro-intestinal conduit for some patients following resection of the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johnathon M Aho
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew R Barron
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ellen W Blanco
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert D Odze
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis A Wigle
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Current Perspectives Regarding Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:4197857. [PMID: 29670867 PMCID: PMC5833156 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4197857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality and a common end of various progressive liver diseases. Since the effective treatment is currently limited to liver transplantation, stem cell-based therapy as an alternative has attracted interest due to promising results from preclinical and clinical studies. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the precise mechanisms of action. A number of stem cells from different origins have been employed for hepatic regeneration with different degrees of success. The present review presents a synopsis of stem cell research for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis according to the stem cell type. Clinical trials to date are summarized briefly. Finally, issues to be resolved and future perspectives are discussed with regard to clinical applications.
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Gnecchi M, Danieli P, Malpasso G, Ciuffreda MC. Paracrine Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Repair. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1416:123-46. [PMID: 27236669 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration from transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) either through transdifferentiation or cell fusion was originally proposed as the principal mechanism underlying their therapeutic action. However, several studies have now shown that both these mechanisms are very inefficient. The low MSC engraftment rate documented in injured areas also refutes the hypothesis that MSC repair tissue damage by replacing cell loss with newly differentiated cells. Indeed, despite evidence of preferential homing of MSC to the site of myocardial ischemia, exogenously administered MSC show poor survival and do not persist in the infarcted area. Therefore, it has been proposed that the functional benefits observed after MSC transplantation in experimental models of tissue injury might be related to the secretion of soluble factors acting in a paracrine fashion. This hypothesis is supported by pre-clinical studies demonstrating equal or even improved organ function upon infusion of MSC-derived conditioned medium (MSC-CM) compared with MSC transplantation. Identifying key MSC-secreted factors and their functional role seems a reasonable approach for a rational design of nextgeneration MSC-based therapeutics. Here, we summarize the major findings regarding both different MSC-mediated paracrine actions and the identification of paracrine mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. .,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences - Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. .,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Patrizia Danieli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences - Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Malpasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences - Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Ciuffreda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Cardiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences - Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Shafei AES, Ali MA, Ghanem HG, Shehata AI, Abdelgawad AA, Handal HR, Talaat KA, Ashaal AE, El-Shal AS. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A promising cell-based therapy for treatment of myocardial infarction. J Gene Med 2017; 19. [PMID: 29044850 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, mesenchymal stem (MSCs) cells have been used for cardiovascular diseases as regenerative therapy. This review is an attempt to summarize the types of MSCs involved in myocardial infarction (MI) therapy, as well as its possible mechanisms effects, especially the paracrine one in MI focusing on the studies (human and animal) conducted within the last 10 years. Recently, reports showed that MSC therapy could have infarct-limiting effects after MI in both experimental and clinical trials. In this context, various types of MSCs can help cardiac regeneration by either revitalizing the cardiac stem cells or revascularizing the arteries and veins of the heart. Furthermore, MSCs could produce paracrine growth factors that increase the survival of nearby cardiomyocytes, as well as increase angiogenesis through recruitment of stem cell from bone marrow or inducing vessel growth from existing capillaries. Recent research suggests that the paracrine effects of MSCs could be mediated by extracellular vesicles including exosomes. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) released by MSCs are promising therapeutic hotspot target for MI. This could be attributed to the role of miRNA in cardiac biology, including cardiac regeneration, stem cell differentiation, apoptosis, neovascularization, cardiac contractility and cardiac remodeling. Furthermore, gene-modified MSCs could be a recent promising therapy for MI to enhance the paracrine effects of MSCs, including better homing and effective cell targeted tissue regeneration. Although MSC therapy has achieved considerable attention and progress, there are critical challenges that remains to be overcome to achieve the most effective successful cell-based therapy in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Sayed Shafei
- Biomedical Research Department, Military Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed Ali
- Biomedical Research Department, Military Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amal S El-Shal
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Tao SC, Guo SC, Zhang CQ. Platelet-derived Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Therapeutic Approach. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:828-834. [PMID: 28808416 PMCID: PMC5555101 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a newly-discovered way by which cells communicate with their neighbors, as well as transporting cargos which once were considered to be limited by membrane barriers, including membrane proteins, cytosolic proteins and RNA. The discovery of platelet-derived EVs (P-EVs), the most abundant EVs in human blood, has been a very tortuous process. At first, P-EVs were identified as nothing but 'platelet dust', and subsequent research did not progress smoothly because of the limited research techniques to study EVs. Following leaps and bounds of technical progress in studying EVs, more and more attractive features of P-EVs were revealed and they began to be further researched. The aim of this review is to present the latest knowledge about the role of P-EVs in tissue repair and tumor progression. The potential mechanism of P-EVs is emphasized. Then the limitations of the present study and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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