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Kamble NU, Ghosh S, Petla BP, Achary RK, Gautam S, Rao V, Salvi P, Hazra A, Varshney V, Majee M. PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE protects enolase dysfunction by repairing isoaspartyl-induced damage and is positively implicated in agronomically important seed traits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38625788 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The protein-repairing enzyme (PRE) PROTEIN L-ISOASPARTYL METHYLTRANSFERASE (PIMT) influences seed vigor by repairing isoaspartyl-mediated protein damage in seeds. However, PIMTs function in other seed traits, and the mechanisms by which PIMT affects such seed traits are still poorly understood. Herein, through molecular, biochemical, and genetic studies using overexpression and RNAi lines in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, we demonstrate that PIMT not only affects seed vigor but also affects seed size and weight by modulating enolase (ENO) activity. We have identified ENO2, a glycolytic enzyme, as a PIMT interacting protein through Y2H cDNA library screening, and this interaction was further validated by BiFC and co-immunoprecipitation assay. We show that mutation or suppression of ENO2 expression results in reduced seed vigor, seed size, and weight. We also proved that ENO2 undergoes isoAsp modification that affects its activity in both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Further, using MS/MS analyses, amino acid residues that undergo isoAsp modification in ENO2 were identified. We also demonstrate that PIMT repairs such isoAsp modification in ENO2 protein, protecting its vital cellular functions during seed maturation and storage, and plays a vital role in regulating seed size, weight, and seed vigor. Taken together, our study identified ENO2 as a novel substrate of PIMT, and both ENO2 and PIMT in turn implicate in agronomically important seed traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Uttam Kamble
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Shraboni Ghosh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash Petla
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Achary
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Gautam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Prafull Salvi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Hazra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Varshney
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, Delhi, 110067, New Delhi, India
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Alam B, Liu R, Gong J, Li J, Yan H, Ge Q, Xiao X, Pan J, Shang H, Shi Y, Yuan Y, Gong W. Hub Genes in Stable QTLs Orchestrate the Accumulation of Cottonseed Oil in Upland Cotton via Catalyzing Key Steps of Lipid-Related Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16595. [PMID: 38068920 PMCID: PMC10706765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Upland cotton is the fifth-largest oil crop in the world, with an average supply of nearly 20% of vegetable oil production. Cottonseed oil is also an ideal alternative raw material to be efficiently converted into biodiesel. However, the improvement in kernel oil content (KOC) of cottonseed has not received sufficient attention from researchers for a long time, due to the fact that the main product of cotton planting is fiber. Previous studies have tagged QTLs and identified individual candidate genes that regulate KOC of cottonseed. The regulatory mechanism of oil metabolism and accumulation of cottonseed are still elusive. In the current study, two high-density genetic maps (HDGMs), which were constructed based on a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 231 individuals, were used to identify KOC QTLs. A total of forty-three stable QTLs were detected via these two HDGM strategies. Bioinformatic analysis of all the genes harbored in the marker intervals of the stable QTLs revealed that a total of fifty-one genes were involved in the pathways related to lipid biosynthesis. Functional analysis via coexpression network and RNA-seq revealed that the hub genes in the co-expression network that also catalyze the key steps of fatty acid synthesis, lipid metabolism and oil body formation pathways (ACX4, LACS4, KCR1, and SQD1) could jointly orchestrate oil accumulation in cottonseed. This study will strengthen our understanding of oil metabolism and accumulation in cottonseed and contribute to KOC improvement in cottonseed in the future, enhancing the security and stability of worldwide food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena Alam
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
| | - Ruixian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
| | - Juwu Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junwen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haoliang Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qun Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
| | - Jingtao Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
| | - Haihong Shang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuzhen Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
| | - Youlu Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wankui Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China (Y.S.)
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Wu D, Chen L, Zhong B, Zhang Z, Huang H, Gong L, Zou X, Zhan R, Chen L. PcENO3 interacts with patchoulol synthase to positively affect the enzymatic activity and patchoulol biosynthesis in Pogostemon cablin. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14055. [PMID: 38148188 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Patchouli alcohol, a significant bioactive component of the herbal plant Pogostemon cablin, has considerable medicinal and commercial potential. Several genes and transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis pathway of patchouli alcohol have been identified. However, so far, regulatory factors directly interacting with patchouli synthase (PTS) have not been reported. This study was conducted to analyze the interaction between PcENO3 and PcPTS to explore the molecular regulation effect of PcENO3 on patchouli alcohol biosynthesis. PcENO3, a homologous protein of Arabidopsis ENO3 belonging to the enolase family, was identified and characterized. Subcellular localization experiments in Arabidopsis protoplast cells indicated that the PcENO3 protein was localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. The physical interaction between PcENO3 and PcPTS was confirmed through yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), GST pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. Furthermore, the Y2H assay demonstrated that PcENO3 could also interact with JAZ proteins in the JA pathway. Enzymatic assays showed that the interaction with PcENO3 increased the catalytic activity of patchoulol synthase. Additionally, suppression of PcENO3 expression with VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) decreased patchouli alcohol content compared to the control. These findings suggest that PcENO3 interacts with patchoulol synthase and modulates patchoulol biosynthesis by enhancing the enzymatic activity of PcPTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daidi Wu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baiyang Zhong
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Huang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Gong
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Likai Chen
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
- Guangdong Yintian Agricultural Technology, Yunfu, China
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Ojosnegros S, Alvarez JM, Grossmann J, Gagliardini V, Quintanilla LG, Grossniklaus U, Fernández H. The Shared Proteome of the Apomictic Fern Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis and Its Sexual Relative Dryopteris oreades. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214027. [PMID: 36430514 PMCID: PMC9693225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferns are a diverse evolutionary lineage, sister to the seed plants, which is of great ecological importance and has a high biotechnological potential. Fern gametophytes represent one of the simplest autotrophic, multicellular plant forms and show several experimental advantages, including a simple and space-efficient in vitro culture system. However, the molecular basis of fern growth and development has hardly been studied. Here, we report on a proteomic study that identified 417 proteins shared by gametophytes of the apogamous fern Dryopteris affinis ssp. affinis and its sexual relative Dryopteris oreades. Most proteins are predicted to localize to the cytoplasm, the chloroplast, or the nucleus, and are linked to enzymatic, binding, and structural activities. A subset of 145 proteins are involved in growth, reproduction, phytohormone signaling and biosynthesis, and gene expression, including homologs of SHEPHERD (SHD), HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90-5 (CR88), TRP4, BOBBER 1 (BOB1), FLAVONE 3'-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (OMT1), ZEAXANTHIN EPOXIDASE (ABA1), GLUTAMATE DESCARBOXYLASE 1 (GAD), and dsRNA-BINDING DOMAIN-LIKE SUPERFAMILY PROTEIN (HLY1). Nearly 25% of the annotated proteins are associated with responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. As for biotic stress, the proteins PROTEIN SGT1 HOMOLOG B (SGT1B), SUPPRESSOR OF SA INSENSITIVE2 (SSI2), PHOSPHOLIPASE D ALPHA 1 (PLDALPHA1), SERINE/THREONINE-PROTEIN KINASE SRK2E (OST1), ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN 4 (ACP4), and NONHOST RESISTANCE TO P. S. PHASEOLICOLA1 (GLPK) are worth mentioning. Regarding abiotic stimuli, we found proteins associated with oxidative stress: SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE[CU-ZN] 1 (CSD1), and GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE U19 (GSTU19), light intensity SERINE HYDROXYMETHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (SHM1) and UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME E2 35 (UBC35), salt and heavy metal stress included MITOCHONDRIAL PHOSPHATE CARRIER PROTEIN 3 (PHT3;1), as well as drought and thermotolerance: LEA7, DEAD-BOX ATP-DEPENDENT RNA HELICASE 38 (LOS4), and abundant heat-shock proteins and other chaperones. In addition, we identified interactomes using the STRING platform, revealing protein-protein associations obtained from co-expression, co-occurrence, text mining, homology, databases, and experimental datasets. By focusing on ferns, this proteomic study increases our knowledge on plant development and evolution, and may inspire future applications in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ojosnegros
- Area of Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Manuel Alvarez
- Area of Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomic Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Gagliardini
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luis G. Quintanilla
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, University Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helena Fernández
- Area of Plant Physiology, Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-985-104-811
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Liu Z, Liu H, Zheng L, Xu F, Wu Y, Pu L, Zhang G. Enolase2 regulates seed fatty acid accumulation via mediating carbon partitioning in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13797. [PMID: 36251672 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In many higher plants, fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis is coordinately regulated at multiple levels by intricate regulatory networks. However, the factors and their regulatory mechanisms underlying seed oil accumulation are still limited. Here, we identified that loss of glycolytic metalloenzyme enolase2 (AtENO2) activity increased the contents of total FAs and salicylic acid (SA) but reduced the accumulation of flavonoids and mucilage by regulating the expression of key genes involved in their biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. AtENO2 physically interacts with the transcription factor AtTGA5, which may participate in the regulation of SA levels. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of eno2- and WT also showed that the levels of three flavonoids, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercitrin, and epicatechin, were significantly decreased in eno2- , and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was also enriched in the KEGG analysis. Meanwhile, the mutation of AtENO2 delayed silique ripening, thereby prolonging silique photosynthesis time, allowing siliques to generate more photosynthesis products for FA biosynthesis. These results reveal a molecular mechanism by AtENO2 to regulate seed oil accumulation in A. thaliana, providing potential targets for improving crop seed oil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lamei Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Genfa Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Tang S, Peng F, Tang Q, Liu Y, Xia H, Yao X, Lu S, Guo L. BnaPPT1 is essential for chloroplast development and seed oil accumulation in Brassica napus. J Adv Res 2022; 42:29-40. [PMID: 35907629 PMCID: PMC9788935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator (PPT) transports phosphoenolpyruvate from the cytosol into the plastid for fatty acid (FA) and other metabolites biosynthesis. OBJECTIVES This study investigated PPTs' functions in plant growth and seed oil biosynthesis in oilseed crop Brassica napus. METHODS We created over-expression and mutant material of BnaPPT1. The plant development, oil content, lipids, metabolites and ultrastructure of seeds were compared to evaluate the gene function. RESULTS The plastid membrane localized BnaPPT1 was found to be required for normal growth of B. napus. The plants grew slower with yellowish leaves in BnaA08.PPT1 and BnaC08.PPT1 double mutant plants. The results of chloroplast ultrastructural observation and lipid analysis show that BnaPPT1 plays an essential role in membrane lipid synthesis and chloroplast development in leaves, thereby affecting photosynthesis. Moreover, the analysis of primary metabolites and lipids in developing seeds showed that BnaPPT1 could impact seed glycolytic metabolism and lipid level. Knockout of BnaA08.PPT1 and BnaC08.PPT1 resulted in decreasing of the seed oil content by 2.2 to 9.1%, while overexpression of BnaC08.PPT1 significantly promoted the seed oil content by 2.1 to 3.3%. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BnaPPT1 is necessary for plant chloroplast development, and it plays an important role in maintaining plant growth and promoting seed oil accumulation in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingqing Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunhao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaoping Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China,Corresponding author at: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Yadav R, Chakraborty S, Ramakrishna W. Wheat grain proteomic and protein-metabolite interactions analyses provide insights into plant growth promoting bacteria-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-wheat interactions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1417-1437. [PMID: 35396966 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic, protein-protein and protein-metabolite interaction analyses in wheat inoculated with PGPB and AMF identified key proteins and metabolites that may have a role in enhancing yield and biofortification. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have an impact on grain yield and nutrition. This dynamic yet complex interaction implies a broad reprogramming of the plant's metabolic and proteomic activities. However, little information is available regarding the role of native PGPB and AMF and how they affect the plant proteome, especially under field conditions. Here, proteomic, protein-protein and protein-metabolite interaction studies in wheat triggered by PGPB, Bacillus subtilis CP4 either alone or together with AMF under field conditions was carried out. The dual inoculation with native PGPB (CP4) and AMF promoted the differential abundance of many proteins, such as histones, glutenin, avenin and ATP synthase compared to the control and single inoculation. Interaction study of these differentially expressed proteins using STRING revealed that they interact with other proteins involved in seed development and abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, these interacting proteins are involved in carbon fixation, sugar metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids. Molecular docking predicted that wheat seed storage proteins, avenin and glutenin interact with secondary metabolites, such as trehalose, and sugars, such as xylitol. Mapping of differentially expressed proteins to KEGG pathways showed their involvement in sugar metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and modulation of histones. These proteins and metabolites can serve as markers for improving wheat-PGPB-AMF interactions leading to higher yield and biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radheshyam Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Punjab, India
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Department of Computational Sciences, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Punjab, India
| | - Wusirika Ramakrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, VPO Ghudda, Punjab, India.
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Wieloch T, Sharkey TD, Werner RA, Schleucher J. Intramolecular carbon isotope signals reflect metabolite allocation in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2558-2575. [PMID: 35084456 PMCID: PMC9015809 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotopes at natural abundance are key tools to study physiological processes occurring outside the temporal scope of manipulation and monitoring experiments. Whole-molecule carbon isotope ratios (13C/12C) enable assessments of plant carbon uptake yet conceal information about carbon allocation. Here, we identify an intramolecular 13C/12C signal at tree-ring glucose C-5 and C-6 and develop experimentally testable theories on its origin. More specifically, we assess the potential of processes within C3 metabolism for signal introduction based (inter alia) on constraints on signal propagation posed by metabolic networks. We propose that the intramolecular signal reports carbon allocation into major metabolic pathways in actively photosynthesizing leaf cells including the anaplerotic, shikimate, and non-mevalonate pathway. We support our theoretical framework by linking it to previously reported whole-molecule 13C/12C increases in cellulose of ozone-treated Betula pendula and a highly significant relationship between the intramolecular signal and tropospheric ozone concentration. Our theory postulates a pronounced preference for leaf cytosolic triose-phosphate isomerase to catalyse the forward reaction in vivo (dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate). In conclusion, intramolecular 13C/12C analysis resolves information about carbon uptake and allocation enabling more comprehensive assessments of carbon metabolism than whole-molecule 13C/12C analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wieloch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas David Sharkey
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Roland Anton Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Schleucher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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9
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The shikimate pathway regulates programmed cell death. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:943-951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Chu KL, Koley S, Jenkins LM, Bailey SR, Kambhampati S, Foley K, Arp JJ, Morley SA, Czymmek KJ, Bates PD, Allen DK. Metabolic flux analysis of the non-transitory starch tradeoff for lipid production in mature tobacco leaves. Metab Eng 2022; 69:231-248. [PMID: 34920088 PMCID: PMC8761171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic plasticity of tobacco leaves has been demonstrated via the generation of transgenic plants that can accumulate over 30% dry weight as triacylglycerols. In investigating the changes in carbon partitioning in these high lipid-producing (HLP) leaves, foliar lipids accumulated stepwise over development. Interestingly, non-transient starch was observed to accumulate with plant age in WT but not HLP leaves, with a drop in foliar starch concurrent with an increase in lipid content. The metabolic carbon tradeoff between starch and lipid was studied using 13CO2-labeling experiments and isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis, not previously applied to the mature leaves of a crop. Fatty acid synthesis was investigated through assessment of acyl-acyl carrier proteins using a recently derived quantification method that was extended to accommodate isotopic labeling. Analysis of labeling patterns and flux modeling indicated the continued production of unlabeled starch, sucrose cycling, and a significant contribution of NADP-malic enzyme to plastidic pyruvate production for the production of lipids in HLP leaves, with the latter verified by enzyme activity assays. The results suggest an inherent capacity for a developmentally regulated carbon sink in tobacco leaves and may in part explain the uniquely successful leaf lipid engineering efforts in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Chu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Somnath Koley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Lauren M Jenkins
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Sally R Bailey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | | | - Kevin Foley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Jennifer J Arp
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Stewart A Morley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Philip D Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.
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11
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Wieloch T. The next phase in the development of 13C isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6087-6090. [PMID: 34131712 PMCID: PMC8483781 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This viewpoint devises recommendations for future studies utilizing 13C isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis to characterize plant metabolism. Most importantly, it highlights the necessity for model validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wieloch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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12
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Duminil P, Davanture M, Oury C, Boex-Fontvieille E, Tcherkez G, Zivy M, Hodges M, Glab N. Arabidopsis thaliana 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase 2 activity requires serine 82 phosphorylation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1478-1489. [PMID: 34174129 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutases (PGAMs) catalyse the reversible isomerisation of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate, a step of glycolysis. PGAMs can be sub-divided into 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent (dPGAM) and -independent (iPGAM) enzymes. In plants, phosphoglycerate isomerisation is carried out by cytosolic iPGAM. Despite its crucial role in catabolism, little is known about post-translational modifications of plant iPGAM. In Arabidopsis thaliana, phosphoproteomics analyses have previously identified an iPGAM phosphopeptide where serine 82 is phosphorylated. Here, we show that this phosphopeptide is less abundant in dark-adapted compared to illuminated Arabidopsis leaves. In silico comparison of iPGAM protein sequences and 3D structural modelling of AtiPGAM2 based on non-plant iPGAM enzymes suggest a role for phosphorylated serine in the catalytic reaction mechanism. This is confirmed by the activity (or the lack thereof) of mutated recombinant Arabidopsis iPGAM2 forms, affected in different steps of the reaction mechanism. We thus propose that the occurrence of the S82-phosphopeptide reflects iPGAM2 steady-state catalysis. Based on this assumption, the metabolic consequences of a higher iPGAM activity in illuminated versus darkened leaves are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Duminil
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Marlène Davanture
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, PAPPSO, GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Céline Oury
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Edouard Boex-Fontvieille
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, 49070, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, PAPPSO, GQE-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Nathalie Glab
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), INRAe, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bat 630, Gif sur Yvette, 91190, France
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13
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Liang T, Yuan Z, Fu L, Zhu M, Luo X, Xu W, Yuan H, Zhu R, Hu Z, Wu X. Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Alternative Molecular Network of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Corresponding to Nitrogen Deficiency in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147674. [PMID: 34299294 PMCID: PMC8304609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. The root system architecture is a highly regulated morphological system, which is sensitive to the availability of nutrients, such as N. Phenotypic characterization of roots from LY9348 (a rice variety with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)) treated with 0.725 mM NH4NO3 (1/4N) was remarkable, especially primary root (PR) elongation, which was the highest. A comprehensive analysis was performed for transcriptome and proteome profiling of LY9348 roots between 1/4N and 2.9 mM NH4NO3 (1N) treatments. The results indicated 3908 differential expression genes (DEGs; 2569 upregulated and 1339 downregulated) and 411 differential abundance proteins (DAPs; 192 upregulated and 219 downregulated). Among all DAPs in the proteome, glutamine synthetase (GS2), a chloroplastic ammonium assimilation protein, was the most upregulated protein identified. The unexpected concentration of GS2 from the shoot to the root in the 1/4N treatment indicated that the presence of an alternative pathway of N assimilation regulated by GS2 in LY9348 corresponded to the low N signal, which was supported by GS enzyme activity and glutamine/glutamate (Gln/Glu) contents analysis. In addition, N transporters (NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.3, NRT2.4, NAR2.1, AMT1.3, AMT1.2, and putative AMT3.3) and N assimilators (NR2, GS1;1, GS1;2, GS1;3, NADH-GOGAT2, and AS2) were significantly induced during the long-term N-deficiency response at the transcription level (14 days). Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis demonstrated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism were significantly modulated by N deficiency. Notably, many transcription factors and plant hormones were found to participate in root morphological adaptation. In conclusion, our study provides valuable information to further understand the response of rice roots to N-deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhengqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Menghan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wuwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huanran Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Renshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-181-8061-4938
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Zhu D, Le Y, Zhang R, Li X, Lin Z. A global survey of the gene network and key genes for oil accumulation in cultivated tetraploid cottons. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1170-1182. [PMID: 33382517 PMCID: PMC8196633 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To enrich our knowledge about gene network of fatty acid biosynthesis in cottonseed, we conducted comparative transcriptome to reveal the differences in gene expression between Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense during cottonseed development. The prolonged expression period and increased expression abundance of oil-related genes are the main reasons for producing high seed oil content (SOC) in G. barbadense, which manifested as the bias of homeologous gene expression in Dt-subgenome after 25 day postanthesis (DPA). The dynamic expression profile showed that SAD6 and FATA are more important for oil biosynthesis in G. barbadense than that in G. hirsutum. Three key transcription factors, WRI1, NF-YB6 and DPBF2, showed their elite roles in regulating seed oil in cotton. We observed that sequence variations in the promoter region of BCCP2 genes might contribute to its divergence in expression level between the two species. Based on the quantitative trait loci (QTL) information of the seed oil content and utilizing additional G. barbadense introgression lines (ILs), we propose 21 candidate genes on the basis of their differential expression level, of which the GbSWEET and the GbACBP6 showed the potential functional to improve the oil content. Taken together, studying the different expression of oil-related genes and their genetic regulation mechanisms between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense provide new insights to understanding the mechanism of fatty acid biosynthesis network and fatty acid genetic improving breeding in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementCollege of Plant Sciences & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yu Le
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementCollege of Plant Sciences & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Ruiting Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementCollege of Plant Sciences & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Xiaojing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementCollege of Plant Sciences & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Zhongxu Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementCollege of Plant Sciences & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
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15
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Liu Z, Zheng L, Pu L, Ma X, Wang X, Wu Y, Ming H, Wang Q, Zhang G. ENO2 Affects the Seed Size and Weight by Adjusting Cytokinin Content and Forming ENO2-bZIP75 Complex in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:574316. [PMID: 32983222 PMCID: PMC7479207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.574316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana ENO2 (AtENO2) encodes two proteins AtENO2 (enolase) and AtMBP-1 (c-Myc binding protein 1-like). The loss of AtENO2 function causes the constitutive developmental defects which are correlated with reduced enolase activity, but not AtMBP-1 transcript abundance. However, the regulation mechanism of AtENO2 on the seed properties is still not clear. In this study, we found that the mutation of AtENO2 reduced the seed size and weight. The level of glucose in seed was significantly elevated but that of starch was decreased in AtENO2 mutants compared to WT plants. We also found that AtENO2 mutation reduced the content of cytokinin which resulted in smaller cotyledons. The RNA-seq data showed that there were 1892 differentially expressed genes and secondary metabolic pathways were significantly enriched. Instead of AtMBP-1, AtENO2 protein interacted with AtbZIP75 which may mediate the secondary metabolism. Therefore, ENO2 alters the size and weight of seeds which is not only regulated by the content of cytokinin and secondary metabolism, but may be affected by the interaction of ENO2 and bZIP57. These results are helpful to understand the novel function of AtENO2 which provide a foundation for further exploration of the key candidate genes for crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lamei Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hainan Ming
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Institute of Radiation Botany, Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Genfa Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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16
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Ma L, Qing C, Frei U, Shen Y, Lübberstedt T. Association mapping for root system architecture traits under two nitrogen conditions in germplasm enhancement of maize doubled haploid lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Liu ZJ, Zhang YH, Ma XF, Ye P, Gao F, Li XF, Zhou YJ, Shi ZH, Cheng HM, Zheng CX, Li HJ, Zhang GF. Biological functions of Arabidopsis thaliana MBP-1-like protein encoded by ENO2 in the response to drought and salt stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 168:660-674. [PMID: 31343741 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana ENO2 (AtENO2) plays an important role in plant growth and development. It encodes two proteins, a full-length AtENO2 and a truncated version, AtMBP-1, alternatively translated from the second start codon of the mRNA. The AtENO2 mutant (eno2- ) exhibited reduced leaf size, shortened siliques, a dwarf phenotype and higher sensitivity to abiotic stress. The objectives of this study were to analyze the regulatory network of the ENO2 gene in plant growth development and understand the function of AtENO2/AtMBP-1 to abiotic stresses. An eno2- /35S:AtENO2-GFP line and an eno2- /35S:AtMBP-1-GFP line of Arabidopsis were obtained. Results of sequencing by 454 GS FLX identified 578 upregulated and 720 downregulated differential expressed genes (DEGs) in a pairwise comparison (WT-VS-eno2- ). All the high-quality reads were annotated using the Gene Ontology (GO) terms. The DEGs with KEGG pathway annotations occurred in 110 pathways. The metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites contained more DEGs. Moreover, the eno2- /35S:AtENO2-GFP line returned to the wild-type (WT) phenotype and was tolerant to drought and salt stresses. However, the eno2- /35S:AtMBP-1-GFP line was not able to recover the WT phenotype but it has a higher tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Results from this study demonstrate that AtENO2 is critical for the growth and development, and the AtMBP-1 coded by AtENO2 is important in tolerance of Arabidopsis to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Pan Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Fei Gao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yi-Jun Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zi-Han Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hui-Mei Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chao-Xing Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hong-Jie Li
- The National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gen-Fa Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia P Voon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon L Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, China
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19
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Fabiańska I, Bucher M, Häusler RE. Intracellular phosphate homeostasis - A short way from metabolism to signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 286:57-67. [PMID: 31300142 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus in plant cells occurs in inorganic form as both ortho- and pyrophosphate or bound to organic compounds, like e.g., nucleotides, phosphorylated metabolites, phospholipids, phosphorylated proteins, or phytate as P storage in the vacuoles of seeds. Individual compartments of the cell are surrounded by membranes that are selective barriers to avoid uncontrolled solute exchange. A controlled exchange of phosphate or phosphorylated metabolites is accomplished by specific phosphate transporters (PHTs) and the plastidial phosphate translocator family (PTs) of the inner envelope membrane. Plastids, in particular chloroplasts, are the site of various anabolic sequences of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Apart from their role in metabolism PHTs and PTs are presumed to be also involved in communication between organelles and plant organs. Here we will focus on the integration of phosphate transport and homeostasis in signaling processes. Recent developments in this field will be critically assessed and potential future developments discussed. In particular, the occurrence of various plastid types in one organ (i.e. the leaf) with different functions with respect to metabolism or sensing, as has been documented recently following a tissue-specific proteomics approach (Beltran et al., 2018), will shed new light on functional aspects of phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Fabiańska
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E Häusler
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
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20
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Lekklar C, Suriya-Arunroj D, Pongpanich M, Comai L, Kositsup B, Chadchawan S, Buaboocha T. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Rice with Contrasting Photosynthesis and Grain Production under Salt Stress. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080562. [PMID: 31349693 PMCID: PMC6722916 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Unfavourable environmental conditions, including soil salinity, lead to decreased rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity, especially at the reproductive stage. In this study, we examined 30 rice varieties, which revealed significant differences in the photosynthetic performance responses under salt stress conditions during the reproductive stage, which ultimately affected yield components after recovery. In rice with a correlation between net photosynthetic rate (PN) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) under salt stress, PN was found to be negatively correlated with filled grain number after recovery. Applying stringent criteria, we identified 130,317 SNPs and 15,396 InDels between two “high-yield rice” varieties and two “low-yield rice” varieties with contrasting photosynthesis and grain yield characteristics. A total of 2089 genes containing high- and moderate-impact SNPs or InDels were evaluated by gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, resulting in over-represented terms in the apoptotic process and kinase activity. Among these genes, 262 were highly expressed in reproductive tissues, and most were annotated as receptor-like protein kinases. These findings highlight the importance of variations in signaling components in the genome and these loci can serve as potential genes in rice breeding to produce a variety with salt avoidance that leads to increased yield in saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakkree Lekklar
- Biological Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Duangjai Suriya-Arunroj
- Nakohn Ratchasima Rice Research Center, Rice Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative, Nakohn Ratchasima 30110, Thailand
| | - Monnat Pongpanich
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Luca Comai
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Boonthida Kositsup
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supachitra Chadchawan
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Teerapong Buaboocha
- Molecular Crop Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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21
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Bockwoldt M, Heiland I, Fischer K. The evolution of the plastid phosphate translocator family. PLANTA 2019; 250:245-261. [PMID: 30993402 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The plastid phosphate translocators evolved in algae but diversified into several groups, which adopted different physiological functions by extensive gene duplications and losses in Streptophyta. The plastid phosphate translocators (pPT) are a family of transporters involved in the exchange of metabolites and inorganic phosphate between stroma and cytosol. Based on their substrate specificities, they were divided into four subfamilies named TPT, PPT, GPT and XPT. To analyse the occurrence of these transporters in different algae and land plant species, we identified 652 pPT genes in 101 sequenced genomes for phylogenetic analysis. The first three subfamilies are found in all species and evolved before the split of red and green algae while the XPTs were derived from the duplication of a GPT gene at the base of Streptophyta. The analysis of the intron-exon structures of the pPTs corroborated these findings. While the number and positions of introns are conserved within each subfamily, they differ between the subfamilies suggesting an insertion of the introns shortly after the three subfamilies evolved. During angiosperm evolution, the subfamilies further split into different groups (TPT1-2, PPT1-3, GPT1-6). Angiosperm species differ significantly in the total number of pPTs, with many species having only a few, while several plants, especially crops, have a higher number, pointing to the importance of these transporters for improved source-sink strength and yield. The differences in the number of pPTs can be explained by several small-scale gene duplications and losses in plant families or single species, but also by whole genome duplications, for example, in grasses. This work could be the basis for a comprehensive analysis of the molecular and physiological functions of this important family of transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Bockwoldt
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Biologibygget, Framstredet 39, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ines Heiland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Biologibygget, Framstredet 39, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karsten Fischer
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Biologibygget, Framstredet 39, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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Pomares-Viciana T, Del Río-Celestino M, Román B, Die J, Pico B, Gómez P. First RNA-seq approach to study fruit set and parthenocarpy in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:61. [PMID: 30727959 PMCID: PMC6366093 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zucchini fruit set can be limited due to unfavourable environmental conditions in off-seasons crops that caused ineffective pollination/fertilization. Parthenocarpy, the natural or artificial fruit development without fertilization, has been recognized as an important trait to avoid this problem, and is related to auxin signalling. Nevertheless, differences found in transcriptome analysis during early fruit development of zucchini suggest that other complementary pathways could regulate fruit formation in parthenocarpic cultivars of this species. The development of next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) as RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) opens a new horizon for mapping and quantifying transcriptome to understand the molecular basis of pathways that could regulate parthenocarpy in this species. The aim of the current study was to analyze fruit transcriptome of two cultivars of zucchini, a non-parthenocarpic cultivar and a parthenocarpic cultivar, in an attempt to identify key genes involved in parthenocarpy. RESULTS RNA-seq analysis of six libraries (unpollinated, pollinated and auxin treated fruit in a non-parthenocarpic and parthenocarpic cultivar) was performed mapping to a new version of C. pepo transcriptome, with a mean of 92% success rate of mapping. In the non-parthenocarpic cultivar, 6479 and 2186 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) in pollinated fruit and auxin treated fruit, respectively. In the parthenocarpic cultivar, 10,497 in pollinated fruit and 5718 in auxin treated fruit. A comparison between transcriptome of the unpollinated fruit for each cultivar has been performed determining that 6120 genes were differentially expressed. Annotation analysis of these DEGs revealed that cell cycle, regulation of transcription, carbohydrate metabolism and coordination between auxin, ethylene and gibberellin were enriched biological processes during pollinated and parthenocarpic fruit set. CONCLUSION This analysis revealed the important role of hormones during fruit set, establishing the activating role of auxins and gibberellins against the inhibitory role of ethylene and different candidate genes that could be useful as markers for parthenocarpic selection in the current breeding programs of zucchini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pomares-Viciana
- Genomics and Biotechnology Department, IFAPA Research Centre La Mojonera, Camino de San Nicolás, 1, 04745 La Mojonera, Almería, Spain
| | - Mercedes Del Río-Celestino
- Genomics and Biotechnology Department, IFAPA Research Centre La Mojonera, Camino de San Nicolás, 1, 04745 La Mojonera, Almería, Spain
| | - Belén Román
- Genomics and Biotechnology Department, IFAPA Research Centre Alameda del Obispo, Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Die
- Genetics Department, University of Cordoba, Av. de Medina Azahara, 5, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Pico
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Gómez
- Genomics and Biotechnology Department, IFAPA Research Centre La Mojonera, Camino de San Nicolás, 1, 04745 La Mojonera, Almería, Spain
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Roka L, Koudounas K, Daras G, Zoidakis J, Vlahou A, Kalaitzis P, Hatzopoulos P. Proteome of olive non-glandular trichomes reveals protective protein network against (a)biotic challenge. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:210-218. [PMID: 30286324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Olive is one of the most important fruit crop trees in the history of Mediterranean because of the high quality oil. Olive oil has a well-balanced fatty acid composition along with biophenols, which make it exceptional in human diet and provide an exceptional value to the olive oil. Leaf non-glandular peltate trichomes are specialized cell types representing a protective barrier against acute environmental conditions. To characterize the proteome of this highly differentiated cell type, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis among isolated trichomes and trichome-less leaves. Proteins were separated and identified using the 2-DE MALDI-TOF/MS method. A number of enzymes involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses are present and may be responsible for the adaptation to prolonged adverse environmental conditions. The results show that this highly differentiated cell type is physiologically active fulfilling the demands of the trichomes in furnishing the leaf with a highly protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Roka
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gerasimos Daras
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Horticultural Genetics, Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
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24
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Baig MA, Ahmad J, Bagheri R, Ali AA, Al-Huqail AA, Ibrahim MM, Qureshi MI. Proteomic and ecophysiological responses of soybean (Glycine max L.) root nodules to Pb and hg stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:283. [PMID: 30428829 PMCID: PMC6237034 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) are persistent hazardous metals in industrially polluted soils which can be toxic in low quantities. Metal toxicity can cause changes at cellular and molecular level which should be studied for better understanding of tolerance mechanism in plants. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an important oilseed crop of the world including India. Indian soils growing soybean are often contaminated by Pb and Hg. The aim of this study was to explore how soybean root nodule responds to Pb and Hg through proteomic and ecophysiological alterations in order to enhance tolerance to metal stress. RESULTS Soybean plants were exposed to Pb (30 ppm PbCl2) and Hg (0.5 ppm HgCl2) to study histological, histochemical, biochemical and molecular response of N2-fixing symbiotic nodules. Both Pb and Hg treatment increased the level of oxidative stress in leaves and nodules. Chlorosis in leaves and morphological/anatomical changes in nodules were observed. Activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase were also modulated. Significant changes were observed in abundance of 76 proteins by Pb and Hg. Pb and Hg influenced abundance of 33 proteins (17 up and 16 down) and 43 proteins (33 up and 10 down), respectively. MS/MS ion search identified 55 proteins which were functionally associated with numerous cellular functions. Six crucial proteins namely catalase (CAT), allene oxide synthase (AOS), glutathione S-transferase (GST), calcineurin B like (CBL), calmodulin like (CML) and rapid alkalinisation factor (RAF) were selected for transcript abundance estimation. The qRT-PCR based real time expression exhibited a positive correlation with proteomics expression except for GST and RAF. CONCLUSION Soybean root nodule responds to metal stress by increased abundance of defence, development and repair related proteins. An efficient proteomic modulation might lead to metal-induced stress tolerance in N2-fixing nodules. Although concentrations of Pb and Hg used in the study cannot be considered equimolar, yet Hg seems to induce more changes in nodule proteomic profile, and higher damage to both bacteroides and root anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Affan Baig
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Rita Bagheri
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Arlene Asthana Ali
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Asma Abdulkareem Al-Huqail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Science College, King Saud University, 11495, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Ibrahim
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21511, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Irfan Qureshi
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, 110025 India
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Hilgers EJA, Staehr P, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. The Xylulose 5-Phosphate/Phosphate Translocator Supports Triose Phosphate, but Not Phosphoenolpyruvate Transport Across the Inner Envelope Membrane of Plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana Mutant Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1461. [PMID: 30405650 PMCID: PMC6201195 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The xylulose 5-phosphate/phosphate translocator (PTs) (XPT) represents a link between the plastidial and extraplastidial branches of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. Its role is to retrieve pentose phosphates from the extraplastidial space and to make them available to the plastids. However, the XPT transports also triose phosphates and to a lesser extent phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Thus, it might support both the triose phosphate/PT (TPT) in the export of photoassimilates from illuminated chloroplasts and the PEP/PT (PPT) in the import of PEP into green or non-green plastids. In mutants defective in the day- and night-path of photoassimilate export from the chloroplasts (i.e., knockout of the TPT [tpt-2] in a starch-free background [adg1-1])the XPT provides a bypass for triose phosphate export and thereby guarantees survival of the adg1-1/tpt-2 double mutant. Here we show that the additional knockout of the XPT in adg1-1/tpt-2/xpt-1 triple mutants results in lethality when the plants were grown in soil. Thus the XPT can functionally support the TPT. The PEP transport capacity of the XPT has been revisited here with a protein heterologously expressed in yeast. PEP transport rates in the proteoliposome system were increased with decreasing pH-values below 7.0. Moreover, PEP transport determined in leaf extracts from wild-type plants showed a similar pH-response, suggesting that in both cases PEP2- is the transported charge-species. Hence, PEP import into illuminated chloroplasts might be unidirectional because of the alkaline pH of the stroma. Here the consequence of a block in PEP transport across the envelope was analyzed in triple mutants defective in both PPTs and the XPT. PPT1 is knocked out in the cue1 mutant. For PPT2 two new mutant alleles were isolated and established as homozygous lines. In contrast to the strong phenotype of cue1, both ppt2 alleles showed only slight growth retardation. As plastidial PEP is required e.g., for the shikimate pathway of aromatic amino acid synthesis, a block in PEP import should result in a lethal phenotype. However, the cue1-6/ppt2-1/ppt2-1 triple mutant was viable and even exhibited residual PEP transport capacity. Hence, alternative ways of PEP transport must exist and are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke J. A. Hilgers
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia Staehr
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rainer E. Häusler
- Department of Biology, Botany II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Fan M, Zhang C, Shi L, Liu C, Ma W, Chen M, Liu K, Cai F, Wang G, Wei Z, Jiang M, Liu Z, Javeed A, Lin F. ZmSTK1 and ZmSTK2, encoding receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, are involved in maize pollen development with additive effect. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1402-1414. [PMID: 29327510 PMCID: PMC6041449 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pollen germination and pollen tube growth are important physiological processes of sexual reproduction of plants and also are involved in signal transduction. Our previous study reveals that ZmSTK1 and ZmSTK2 are two receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCK) homologs in Zea mays as members of receptor-like protein kinase (RLK) subfamily, sharing 86% identity at the amino acid level. Here, we report that ZmSTK1 and ZmSTK2, expressed at late stages of pollen development, regulate maize pollen development with additive effect. ZmSTK1 or ZmSTK2 mutation exhibited severe pollen transmission deficiency, which thus influenced pollen fertility. Moreover, the kinase domains of ZmSTKs were cross-interacted with C-terminus of enolases detected by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and yeast two-hybrid system (Y2H), respectively. Further, the detective ZmSTK1 or ZmSTK2 was associated with decreased activity of enolases and also reduced downstream metabolite contents, which enolases are involved in glycolytic pathway, such as phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), pyruvate, ADP/ATP, starch, glucose, sucrose and fructose. This study reveals that ZmSTK1 and ZmSTK2 regulate maize pollen development and indirectly participate in glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Fan
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Lei Shi
- Corn Research InstituteLiaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Chen Liu
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Meiming Chen
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Kuichen Liu
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Fengchun Cai
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Guohong Wang
- Corn Research InstituteLiaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- Laboratory of Plant Bioreactor and Genetics EngineeringJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural BiotechnologyAgro‐Biotechnology Research InstituteJilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesJilinChangchunChina
| | - Min Jiang
- Corn Research InstituteLiaoning Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Zaochang Liu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Ansar Javeed
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
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27
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Bar-Even A. Daring metabolic designs for enhanced plant carbon fixation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:71-83. [PMID: 29907311 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing agricultural productivity is one of the major challenges our society faces. While multiple strategies to enhance plant carbon fixation have been suggested, and partially implemented, most of them are restricted to relatively simple modifications of endogenous metabolism, i.e., "low hanging fruit". Here, I portray the next generation of metabolic solutions to increase carbon fixation rate and yield. These strategies involve major rewiring of central metabolism, including dividing Rubisco's catalysis between several enzymes, replacing Rubisco with a different carboxylation reaction, substituting the Calvin Cycle with alternative carbon fixation pathways, and engineering photorespiration bypass routes that do not release carbon. While the barriers for implementing these elaborated metabolic architectures are quite significant, if we truly want to revolutionize carbon fixation, only daring engineering efforts will lead the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arren Bar-Even
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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28
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Troncoso-Ponce MA, Rivoal J, Dorion S, Sánchez R, Venegas-Calerón M, Moreno-Pérez AJ, Baud S, Garcés R, Martínez-Force E. Molecular and biochemical characterization of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cytosolic and plastidial enolases in relation to seed development. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:117-130. [PMID: 29807582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the molecular and biochemical characterization of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) enolase (ENO, EC 4.2.1.11) proteins, which catalyze the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate, the penultimate intermediate in the glycolytic pathway. We cloned and characterized three cDNAs encoding different ENO isoforms from developing sunflower seeds. Studies using fluorescently tagged ENOs confirmed the predicted subcellular localization of ENO isoforms: HaENO1 in the plastid while HaENO2 and HaENO3 were found in the cytosol. The cDNAs were used to express the corresponding 6(His)-tagged proteins in Escherichia coli. The proteins were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity, using immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography, and biochemically characterized. Recombinant HaENO1 and HaENO2, but not HaENO3 were shown to have enolase activity, in agreement with data obtained with the Arabidopsis homolog proteins. Site directed mutagenesis of several critical amino acids was used to attempt to recover enolase activity in recombinant HaENO3, resulting in very small increases that were not additive. A kinetic characterization of the two active isoforms showed that pH had similar effect on their velocity, that they had similar affinity for 2-phosphoglycerate, but that the kcat/Km of the plastidial enzyme was higher than that of the cytosolic isoform. Even though HaENO2 was always the most highly expressed transcript, the levels of expression of the three ENO genes were remarkably distinct in all the vegetative and reproductive tissues studied. This indicates that in seeds the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate takes place through the cytosolic and the plastidial pathways therefore both routes could contribute to the supply of carbon for lipid synthesis. The identity of the main source of carbon during the period of stored products synthesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Troncoso-Ponce
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain; Sorbonne University, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Institute for Enzyme and Cell Engineering, Centre de recherche Royallieu, CS 60 319, 60 203 Compiègne cedex, France.
| | - J Rivoal
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Dorion
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R Sánchez
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Venegas-Calerón
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A J Moreno-Pérez
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - S Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - R Garcés
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - E Martínez-Force
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Edificio 46, Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
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29
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Pinard D, Mizrachi E. Unsung and understudied: plastids involved in secondary growth. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 42:30-36. [PMID: 29459221 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastids represent the only subcellular compartment where aromatic amino acid precursors for lignin can be synthesized during secondary growth in vascular plants. Despite this, aside from a general shared understanding that plastid-localized metabolism occurs during secondary growth, virtually no research has been performed on understanding their biology. Of particular importance will be insight into their ontogeny, morphology and ultrastructure, and (given the complex cytonuclear communication required) their nuclear-encoded and organellar-encoded regulation. Updating and integrating this knowledge will contribute to our fundamental understanding of a ubiquitous developmental process in vascular plants, and a major terrestrial carbon sink, as well as carbon-related plant biotechnology. Given available evidence, we propose a new name for a distinct plastid derivative-the 'xyloplast', is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desre Pinard
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Eshchar Mizrachi
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Genomics Research Institute (GRI), University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
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30
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Xu C, Shanklin J. Triacylglycerol Metabolism, Function, and Accumulation in Plant Vegetative Tissues. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:179-206. [PMID: 26845499 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043015-111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Oils in the form of triacylglycerols are the most abundant energy-dense storage compounds in eukaryotes, and their metabolism plays a key role in cellular energy balance, lipid homeostasis, growth, and maintenance. Plants accumulate oils primarily in seeds and fruits. Plant oils are used for food and feed and, increasingly, as feedstocks for biodiesel and industrial chemicals. Although plant vegetative tissues do not accumulate significant levels of triacylglycerols, they possess a high capacity for their synthesis, storage, and metabolism. The development of plants that accumulate oil in vegetative tissues presents an opportunity for expanded production of triacylglycerols as a renewable and sustainable bioenergy source. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of triacylglycerol synthesis, turnover, storage, and function in leaves and discuss emerging genetic engineering strategies targeted at enhancing triacylglycerol accumulation in biomass crops. Such plants could potentially be modified to produce oleochemical feedstocks or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Xu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973; ,
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973; ,
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31
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Mostafa I, Zhu N, Yoo MJ, Balmant KM, Misra BB, Dufresne C, Abou-Hashem M, Chen S, El-Domiaty M. New nodes and edges in the glucosinolate molecular network revealed by proteomics and metabolomics of Arabidopsis myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 glucosinolate mutants. J Proteomics 2016; 138:1-19. [PMID: 26915584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Glucosinolates present in Brassicales are important for human health and plant defense against insects and pathogens. Here we investigate the proteomes and metabolomes of Arabidopsis myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 mutants deficient in aliphatic glucosinolates and indolic glucosinolates, respectively. Quantitative proteomics of the myb28/29 and cyp79B2/B3 mutants led to the identification of 2785 proteins, of which 142 proteins showed significant changes in the two mutants compared to wild type (WT). By mapping the differential proteins using STRING, we detected 59 new edges in the glucosinolate metabolic network. These connections can be classified as primary with direct roles in glucosinolate metabolism, secondary related to plant stress responses, and tertiary involved in other biological processes. Gene Ontology analysis of the differential proteins showed high level of enrichment in the nodes belonging to metabolic process including glucosinolate biosynthesis and response to stimulus. Using metabolomics, we quantified 292 metabolites covering a broad spectrum of metabolic pathways, and 89 exhibited differential accumulation patterns between the mutants and WT. The changing metabolites (e.g., γ-glutamyl amino acids, auxins and glucosinolate hydrolysis products) complement our proteomics findings. This study contributes toward engineering and breeding of glucosinolate profiles in plants in efforts to improve human health, crop quality and productivity. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glucosinolates in Brassicales constitute an important group of natural metabolites important for plant defense and human health. Its biosynthetic pathways and transcriptional regulation have been well-studied. Using Arabidopsis mutants of important genes in glucosinolate biosynthesis, quantitative proteomics and metabolomics led to identification of many proteins and metabolites that are potentially related to glucosinolate metabolism. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the molecular networks of glucosinolate metabolism, and will facilitate efforts toward engineering and breeding of glucosinolate profiles for enhanced crop defense, and nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Mostafa
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Yoo
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kelly M Balmant
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Biswapriya B Misra
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Craig Dufresne
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, West Palm Beach, FL 33407, USA
| | - Maged Abou-Hashem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Maher El-Domiaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Paul P, Chaturvedi P, Selymesi M, Ghatak A, Mesihovic A, Scharf KD, Weckwerth W, Simm S, Schleiff E. The membrane proteome of male gametophyte in Solanum lycopersicum. J Proteomics 2016; 131:48-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Grondin M, Chow-Shi-Yée M, Ouellet F, Averill-Bates DA. Wheat enolase demonstrates potential as a non-toxic cryopreservation agent for liver and pancreatic cells. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:801-10. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Eremina M, Rozhon W, Yang S, Poppenberger B. ENO2 activity is required for the development and reproductive success of plants, and is feedback-repressed by AtMBP-1. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 81:895-906. [PMID: 25620024 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Enolases are key glycolytic enzymes that are highly conserved in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and are among the most abundant cytosolic proteins. In this study we provide evidence that activity of the enolase ENO2 is essential for the growth and development of plants. We show that Arabidopsis plants with compromised ENO2 function, which were generated by mutating the LOS2/ENO2 locus, have severe cellular defects, including reduced cell size and defective cell differentiation with restricted lignification. At the tissue and organ level LOS2/ENO2-deficient plants are characterized by the reduced growth of shoots and roots, altered vascular development and defective secondary growth of stems, impaired floral organogenesis and defective male gametophyte function, resulting in embryo lethality as well as delayed senescence. These phenotypes correlate with reduced lignin and increased salicylic acid contents as well as altered fatty acid and soluble sugar composition. In addition to an enolase the LOS2/ENO2 locus encodes the transcription factor AtMBP-1, and here we reveal that this bifunctionality serves to maintain the homeostasis of ENO2 activity. In summary, we show that in plants enolase function is required for the formation of chorismate-dependent secondary metabolites, and that this activity is feedback-inhibited by AtMBP-1 to enable the normal development and reproductive success of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Eremina
- Biotechnology of Horticultural Crops, Center for Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354, Freising, Germany
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Häusler RE, Ludewig F, Krueger S. Amino acids--a life between metabolism and signaling. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 229:225-237. [PMID: 25443849 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids serve as constituents of proteins, precursors for anabolism, and, in some cases, as signaling molecules in mammalians and plants. This review is focused on new insights, or speculations, on signaling functions of serine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and phenylalanine-derived phenylpropanoids. Serine acts as signal in brain tissue and mammalian cancer cells. In plants, de novo serine biosynthesis is also highly active in fast growing tissues such as meristems, suggesting a similar role of serine as in mammalians. GABA functions as inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. In plants, GABA is also abundant and seems to be involved in sexual reproduction, cell elongation, patterning and cell identity. The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are precursors for the production of secondary plant products. Besides their pharmaceutical value, lignans, neolignans and hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAA) deriving from phenylpropanoid metabolism and, in the case of HCAA, also from arginine have been shown to fulfill signaling functions or are involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. Although some basics on phenylpropanoid-derived signaling have been described, little is known on recognition- or signal transduction mechanisms. In general, mutant- and transgenic approaches will be helpful to elucidate the mechanistic basis of metabolite signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer E Häusler
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Frank Ludewig
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Department of Botany II, University of Cologne, Cologne Biocenter, Zülpicherstr. 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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Fukayama H, Masumoto C, Taniguchi Y, Baba-Kasai A, Katoh Y, Ohkawa H, Miyao M. Characterization and expression analyses of two plastidic enolase genes in rice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 79:402-9. [PMID: 25402448 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.980219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To verify the presence of enolase related to the chloroplastic glycolysis in rice, database search was carried out and identified seven putative enolase genes in the rice genome. Among them, OsEno1 and OsEno3 encode long proteins with N-terminal extensions. GFP protein fusions of these N-terminal extensions were both targeted to plastids of onion epidermal cell. Promoter::GUS analysis showed that OsEno3 was highly expressed in young developing leaves, but its expression was drastically decreased during leaf development and greening. On the other hand, the expression of OsEno1 was low and detected in limited portions such as leaf sheath at the tiller base. Recombinant OsEno1 protein showed enolase activity with a pH optimum at pH 8.0, whereas OsEno3 did not exhibit detectable activity. Although it remains obscure if OsEno3 encodes a functional enolase in vivo, our results demonstrate that the entire glycolytic pathway does not operate in rice chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukayama
- a Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
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Shi J, Li Y, Yang X, Yang D, Zhang Y, Liu Y. Upregulation of α-enolase in acute rejection of cardiac transplant in rat model: implications for the secretion of interleukin-17. Pediatr Transplant 2014; 18:575-85. [PMID: 25041443 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute allograft rejection remains a major problem in solid organ transplantation. The enzyme α-enolase has been shown to induce an immune response in cardiac transplantation. In this study, we investigated the role of α-enolase in acute allograft rejection in a rat model of heart transplantation. Hearts from either (WF: RT1(u) ) or (Lew: RT1(1) ) rats were transplanted into (Lew: RT1(1) ) rats. No rejection occurred in the isograft group, for which the median survival time was >168 days, whereas the median survival time of the allograft group was significantly less at 10 ± 2.1 days (n = 8 per group, p < 0.001). Increased inflammation was observed in allografts, including increased α-enolase expression and increased numbers of infiltrating CD4(+) T cells (p < 0.05). By immunohistochemical staining, we confirmed that α-enolase was expressed not only in myocardial cells but also in the infiltrating lymphocytes. However, on the fifth day after transplantation, α-enolase expression was no longer observed in the lymphocytes (n = 3, p < 0.001). In contrast, no lymphocytes were found in isografts after transplantation (n = 3, p < 0.001). α-enolase expression was increased in lymphocytes, which are implicated in the acute rejection of cardiac transplants. Intragraft α-enolase inhibition may be useful as an adjuvant therapy to systemic immunosuppression in heart transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahai Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Polle JEW, Neofotis P, Huang A, Chang W, Sury K, Wiech EM. Carbon partitioning in green algae (chlorophyta) and the enolase enzyme. Metabolites 2014; 4:612-28. [PMID: 25093929 PMCID: PMC4192683 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4030612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms underlying the distribution of fixed carbon within photoautotrophic cells, also referred to as carbon partitioning, and the subcellular localization of many enzymes involved in carbon metabolism are still unknown. In contrast to the majority of investigated green algae, higher plants have multiple isoforms of the glycolytic enolase enzyme, which are differentially regulated in higher plants. Here we report on the number of gene copies coding for the enolase in several genomes of species spanning the major classes of green algae. Our genomic analysis of several green algae revealed the presence of only one gene coding for a glycolytic enolase [EC 4.2.1.11]. Our predicted cytosolic localization would require export of organic carbon from the plastid to provide substrate for the enolase and subsequent re-import of organic carbon back into the plastids. Further, our comparative sequence study of the enolase and its 3D-structure prediction may suggest that the N-terminal extension found in green algal enolases could be involved in regulation of the enolase activity. In summary, we propose that the enolase represents one of the crucial regulatory bottlenecks in carbon partitioning in green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen E W Polle
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue 200NE, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Peter Neofotis
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue 200NE, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Andy Huang
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue 200NE, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - William Chang
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue 200NE, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Kiran Sury
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue 200NE, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
| | - Eliza M Wiech
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue 200NE, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.
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Sharkey TD, Monson RK. The future of isoprene emission from leaves, canopies and landscapes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1727-40. [PMID: 24471530 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Isoprene emission from plants plays a dominant role in atmospheric chemistry. Predicting how isoprene emission may change in the future will help predict changes in atmospheric oxidant, greenhouse gas and secondary organic aerosol concentrations in the future atmosphere. At the leaf-scale, an increase in isoprene emission with increasing temperature is offset by a reduction in isoprene emission rate caused by increased CO₂. At the canopy scale, increased leaf area index in elevated CO₂ can offset the reduction in leaf-scale isoprene emission caused by elevated CO₂. At the landscape scale, a reduction in forest coverage may decrease, while forest fertilization and community composition dynamics are likely to cause an increase in the global isoprene emission rate. Here we review the potential for changes in the isoprene emission rate at all of these scales. When considered together, it is likely that these interacting effects will result in an increase in the emission of the most abundant plant volatile, isoprene, from the biosphere to the atmosphere in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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40
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Häusler RE, Heinrichs L, Schmitz J, Flügge UI. How sugars might coordinate chloroplast and nuclear gene expression during acclimation to high light intensities. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1121-37. [PMID: 25006007 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The concept of retrograde control of nuclear gene expression assumes the generation of signals inside the chloroplasts, which are either released from or sensed inside of the organelle. In both cases, downstream signaling pathways lead eventually to a differential regulation of nuclear gene expression and the production of proteins required in the chloroplast. This concept appears reasonable as the majority of the over 3000 predicted plastidial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes. Hence, the nucleus needs information on the status of the chloroplasts, such as during acclimation responses, which trigger massive changes in the protein composition of the thylakoid membrane and in the stroma. Here, we propose an additional control mechanism of nuclear- and plastome-encoded photosynthesis genes, taking advantage of pathways involved in sugar- or hormonal signaling. Sugars are major end products of photosynthesis and their contents respond very sensitively to changes in light intensities. Based on recent findings, we ask the question as to whether the carbohydrate status outside the chloroplast can be directly sensed within the chloroplast stroma. Sugars might synchronize the responsiveness of both genomes and thereby help to coordinate the expression of plastome- and nuclear-encoded photosynthesis genes in concert with other, more specific retrograde signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer E Häusler
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Luisa Heinrichs
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany Present address: Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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Integration of latex protein sequence data provides comprehensive functional overview of latex proteins. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1469-81. [PMID: 24395295 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The laticiferous system is one of the most important conduit systems in higher plants, which produces a milky-like sap known as latex. Latex contains diverse secondary metabolites with various ecological functions. To obtain a comprehensive overview of the latex proteome, we integrated available latex proteins sequences and constructed a comprehensive dataset composed of 1,208 non-redundant latex proteins from 20 various latex-bearing plants. The results of functional analyses revealed that latex proteins are involved in various biological processes, including transcription, translation, protein degradation and the plant response to environmental stimuli. The results of the comparative analysis showed that the functions of the latex proteins are similar to those of phloem, suggesting the functional conservation of plant vascular proteins. The presence of latex proteins in mitochondria and plastids suggests the production of diverse secondary metabolites. Furthermore, using a BLAST search, we identified 854 homologous latex proteins in eight plant species, including three latex-bearing plants, such as papaya, caster bean and cassava, suggesting that latex proteins were newly evolved in vascular plants. Taken together, this study is the largest and most comprehensive in silico analysis of the latex proteome. The results obtained here provide useful resources and information for characterizing the evolution of the latex proteome.
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Staehr P, Löttgert T, Christmann A, Krueger S, Rosar C, Rolčík J, Novák O, Strnad M, Bell K, Weber APM, Flügge UI, Häusler RE. Reticulate leaves and stunted roots are independent phenotypes pointing at opposite roles of the phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator defective in cue1 in the plastids of both organs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:126. [PMID: 24782872 PMCID: PMC3986533 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) serves not only as a high energy carbon compound in glycolysis, but it acts also as precursor for plastidial anabolic sequences like the shikimate pathway, which produces aromatic amino acids (AAA) and subsequently secondary plant products. After conversion to pyruvate, PEP can also enter de novo fatty acid biosynthesis, the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids, and the non-mevalonate way of isoprenoid production. As PEP cannot be generated by glycolysis in chloroplasts and a variety of non-green plastids, it has to be imported from the cytosol by a phosphate translocator (PT) specific for PEP (PPT). A loss of function of PPT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana results in the chlorophyll a/b binding protein underexpressed1 (cue1) mutant, which is characterized by reticulate leaves and stunted roots. Here we dissect the shoot- and root phenotypes, and also address the question whether or not long distance signaling by metabolites is involved in the perturbed mesophyll development of cue1. Reverse grafting experiments showed that the shoot- and root phenotypes develop independently from each other, ruling out long distance metabolite signaling. The leaf phenotype could be transiently modified even in mature leaves, e.g. by an inducible PPT1RNAi approach or by feeding AAA, the cytokinin trans-zeatin (tZ), or the putative signaling molecule dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DCG). Hormones, such as auxins, abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, ethylene, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid did not rescue the cue1 leaf phenotype. The low cell density1 (lcd1) mutant shares the reticulate leaf-, but not the stunted root phenotype with cue1. It could neither be rescued by AAA nor by tZ. In contrast, tZ and AAA further inhibited root growth both in cue1 and wild-type plants. Based on our results, we propose a model that PPT1 acts as a net importer of PEP into chloroplast, but as an overflow valve and hence exporter in root plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Staehr
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- Lophius BiosciencesRegensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Löttgert
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- Quintiles GmbHNeu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Christmann
- Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität MünchenMunich, Germany
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Christian Rosar
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jakub Rolčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký UniversityOlumouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký UniversityOlumouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Palacký UniversityOlumouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kirsten Bell
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Andreas P. M. Weber
- Institut für Biochemie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer E. Häusler
- Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of CologneCologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rainer E. Häusler, Department of Botany II, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany e-mail:
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Galland M, Huguet R, Arc E, Cueff G, Job D, Rajjou L. Dynamic proteomics emphasizes the importance of selective mRNA translation and protein turnover during Arabidopsis seed germination. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:252-68. [PMID: 24198433 PMCID: PMC3879618 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.032227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During seed germination, the transition from a quiescent metabolic state in a dry mature seed to a proliferative metabolic state in a vigorous seedling is crucial for plant propagation as well as for optimizing crop yield. This work provides a detailed description of the dynamics of protein synthesis during the time course of germination, demonstrating that mRNA translation is both sequential and selective during this process. The complete inhibition of the germination process in the presence of the translation inhibitor cycloheximide established that mRNA translation is critical for Arabidopsis seed germination. However, the dynamics of protein turnover and the selectivity of protein synthesis (mRNA translation) during Arabidopsis seed germination have not been addressed yet. Based on our detailed knowledge of the Arabidopsis seed proteome, we have deepened our understanding of seed mRNA translation during germination by combining two-dimensional gel-based proteomics with dynamic radiolabeled proteomics using a radiolabeled amino acid precursor, namely [(35)S]-methionine, in order to highlight de novo protein synthesis, stability, and turnover. Our data confirm that during early imbibition, the Arabidopsis translatome keeps reflecting an embryonic maturation program until a certain developmental checkpoint. Furthermore, by dividing the seed germination time lapse into discrete time windows, we highlight precise and specific patterns of protein synthesis. These data refine and deepen our knowledge of the three classical phases of seed germination based on seed water uptake during imbibition and reveal that selective mRNA translation is a key feature of seed germination. Beyond the quantitative control of translational activity, both the selectivity of mRNA translation and protein turnover appear as specific regulatory systems, critical for timing the molecular events leading to successful germination and seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Galland
- From ‡INRA, Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institute (IJPB, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences” (LabEx SPS), F-78026 Versailles, France
- §AgroParisTech, Chair of Plant Physiology, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Romain Huguet
- ¶CNRS/Bayer CropScience Joint Laboratory (UMR5240), F-69263 Lyon, France
| | - Erwann Arc
- From ‡INRA, Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institute (IJPB, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences” (LabEx SPS), F-78026 Versailles, France
- §AgroParisTech, Chair of Plant Physiology, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- From ‡INRA, Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institute (IJPB, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences” (LabEx SPS), F-78026 Versailles, France
- §AgroParisTech, Chair of Plant Physiology, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Job
- §AgroParisTech, Chair of Plant Physiology, F-75231 Paris, France
- ¶CNRS/Bayer CropScience Joint Laboratory (UMR5240), F-69263 Lyon, France
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- From ‡INRA, Jean-Pierre Bourgin Institute (IJPB, UMR1318 INRA-AgroParisTech), Laboratory of Excellence “Saclay Plant Sciences” (LabEx SPS), F-78026 Versailles, France
- §AgroParisTech, Chair of Plant Physiology, F-75231 Paris, France
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Selinski J, Scheibe R. Pollen tube growth: where does the energy come from? PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e977200. [PMID: 25482752 PMCID: PMC4622831 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.977200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the energy metabolism during pollen maturation and tube growth and updates current knowledge. Pollen tube growth is essential for male reproductive success and extremely fast. Therefore, pollen development and tube growth are high energy-demanding processes. During the last years, various publications (including research papers and reviews) emphasize the importance of mitochondrial respiration and fermentation during male gametogenesis and pollen tube elongation. These pathways obviously contribute to satisfy the high energy demand, and there are many studies which suggest that respiration and fermentation are the only pathways to generate the needed energy. Here, we review data which show for the first time that in addition plastidial glycolysis and the balancing of the ATP/NAD(P)H ratio (by malate valves and NAD(+) biosynthesis) contribute to satisfy the energy demand during pollen development. Although the importance of energy generation by plastids was discounted during the last years (possibly due to the controversial opinion about their existence in pollen grains and pollen tubes), the available data underline their prime role during pollen maturation and tube growth.
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Key Words
- 2-OG, 2-oxoglutarate
- 2-PGA, 2-phosphoglycerate
- 3-PGA, 3-phosphoglycerate
- ACS, acetyl-CoA synthase
- ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase
- ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase
- AOX, alternative oxidase
- BPGA, bisphosphoglyceric acid
- ENO, enolase
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GOGAT, glutamate synthase
- GPT, G-6-P/phosphate translocators
- Gln, glutamine
- Glu, glutamate
- MDH, malate dehydrogenase
- NDP, nucleotide diphosphate kinase
- NMNAT, nicotinate/nicotinamide mononucleotide adenyltransferase
- NTT, ATP/ADP transporters
- OAA, oxaloacetate
- OPP, oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway
- PDC, pyruvate decarboxylase
- PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase
- PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate
- PGAM, phosphoglycerate mutase
- PGDH, 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
- PK, pyruvate kinase
- PPSB, phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis
- PPT, phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate translocator
- PSP, phosphoserine phosphatase
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RPOT, T3/T7 phage-type RNA polymerases
- T, malate/oxaloacetate translocator
- TP, triose phosphate.
- energy metabolism
- malate
- plastidial glycolysis
- pollen tube growth
- respiration
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Plant Physiology; University of Osnabrueck; Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Renate Scheibe
- Department of Plant Physiology; University of Osnabrueck; Osnabrueck, Germany
- Correspondence to: Renate Scheibe;
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Banerjee A, Sharkey TD. Methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway metabolic regulation. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1043-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway provides precursors for isoprenoids in bacteria, some eukaryotic parasites, and chloroplasts of plants. Metabolic regulatory mechanisms control flux through the pathway and the concentration of a central intermediate, methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing, 48824 USA
| | - T. D. Sharkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing, 48824 USA
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Facchinelli F, Pribil M, Oster U, Ebert NJ, Bhattacharya D, Leister D, Weber APM. Proteomic analysis of the Cyanophora paradoxa muroplast provides clues on early events in plastid endosymbiosis. PLANTA 2013; 237:637-51. [PMID: 23212214 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Glaucophytes represent the first lineage of photosynthetic eukaryotes of primary endosymbiotic origin that diverged after plastid establishment. The muroplast of Cyanophora paradoxa represents a primitive plastid that resembles its cyanobacterial ancestor in pigment composition and the presence of a peptidoglycan wall. To attain insights into the evolutionary history of cyanobiont integration and plastid development, it would thus be highly desirable to obtain knowledge on the composition of the glaucophyte plastid proteome. Here, we provide the first proteomic analysis of the muroplast of C. paradoxa. Mass spectrometric analysis of the muroplast proteome identified 510 proteins with high confidence. The protein repertoire of the muroplast revealed novel paths for reduced carbon flow and export to the cytosol through a sugar phosphate transporter of chlamydial origin. We propose that C. paradoxa possesses a primordial plastid mirroring the situation in the early protoalga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Facchinelli
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Xu F, Liu Q, Chen L, Kuang J, Walk T, Wang J, Liao H. Genome-wide identification of soybean microRNAs and their targets reveals their organ-specificity and responses to phosphate starvation. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:66. [PMID: 23368765 PMCID: PMC3673897 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) plays important roles in plant growth and development. MicroRNAs involved in P signaling have been identified in Arabidopsis and rice, but P-responsive microRNAs and their targets in soybean leaves and roots are poorly understood. RESULTS Using high-throughput sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) technology, we sequenced four small RNA libraries from leaves and roots grown under phosphate (Pi)-sufficient (+Pi) and Pi-depleted (-Pi) conditions, respectively, and one RNA degradome library from Pi-depleted roots at the genome-wide level. Each library generated ~21.45-28.63 million short sequences, resulting in ~20.56-27.08 million clean reads. From those sequences, a total of 126 miRNAs, with 154 gene targets were computationally predicted. This included 92 new miRNA candidates with 20-23 nucleotides that were perfectly matched to the Glycine max genome 1.0, 70 of which belong to 21 miRNA families and the remaining 22 miRNA unassigned into any existing miRNA family in miRBase 18.0. Under both +Pi and -Pi conditions, 112 of 126 total miRNAs (89%) were expressed in both leaves and roots. Under +Pi conditions, 12 leaf- and 2 root-specific miRNAs were detected; while under -Pi conditions, 10 leaf- and 4 root-specific miRNAs were identified. Collectively, 25 miRNAs were induced and 11 miRNAs were repressed by Pi starvation in soybean. Then, stem-loop real-time PCR confirmed expression of four selected P-responsive miRNAs, and RLM-5' RACE confirmed that a PHO2 and GmPT5, a kelch-domain containing protein, and a Myb transcription factor, respectively are targets of miR399, miR2111, and miR159e-3p. Finally, P-responsive cis-elements in the promoter regions of soybean miRNA genes were analyzed at the genome-wide scale. CONCLUSIONS Leaf- and root-specific miRNAs, and P-responsive miRNAs in soybean were identified genome-wide. A total of 154 target genes of miRNAs were predicted via degradome sequencing and computational analyses. The targets of miR399, miR2111, and miR159e-3p were confirmed. Taken together, our study implies the important roles of miRNAs in P signaling and provides clues for deciphering the functions for microRNA/target modules in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
- Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
- Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Luying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
- Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jiebin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
- Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Thomas Walk
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Jinxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
- Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Hong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
- Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
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Systems-based analysis of Arabidopsis leaf growth reveals adaptation to water deficit. Mol Syst Biol 2013; 8:606. [PMID: 22929616 PMCID: PMC3435506 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2012.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep profiling of the transcriptome and proteome during leaf development reveals unexpected responses to water deficit, as well as a surprising lack of protein-level fluctuations during the day–night cycle, despite clear changes at the transcript level. ![]()
Transcript and protein variation patterns reflect the functional stages of the leaf. Protein and transcript levels correlate well during leaf development, with some notable exceptions. Diurnal transcript-level fluctuations are not matched by corresponding diurnal fluctuations in the detected proteome. Continuous reduced soil water content results in reduced leaf growth, but the plant adapts at molecular levels without showing a typical drought response.
Leaves have a central role in plant energy capture and carbon conversion and therefore must continuously adapt their development to prevailing environmental conditions. To reveal the dynamic systems behaviour of leaf development, we profiled Arabidopsis leaf number six in depth at four different growth stages, at both the end-of-day and end-of-night, in plants growing in two controlled experimental conditions: short-day conditions with optimal soil water content and constant reduced soil water conditions. We found that the lower soil water potential led to reduced, but prolonged, growth and an adaptation at the molecular level without a drought stress response. Clustering of the protein and transcript data using a decision tree revealed different patterns in abundance changes across the growth stages and between end-of-day and end-of-night that are linked to specific biological functions. Correlations between protein and transcript levels depend on the time-of-day and also on protein localisation and function. Surprisingly, only very few of >1700 quantified proteins showed diurnal abundance fluctuations, despite strong fluctuations at the transcript level.
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Vigani G, Morandini P, Murgia I. Searching iron sensors in plants by exploring the link among 2'-OG-dependent dioxygenases, the iron deficiency response and metabolic adjustments occurring under iron deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:169. [PMID: 23755060 PMCID: PMC3668137 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge accumulated on the regulation of iron (Fe) homeostasis, its intracellular trafficking and transport across various cellular compartments and organs in plants; storage proteins, transporters and transcription factors involved in Fe metabolism have been analyzed in detail in recent years. However, the key sensor(s) of cellular plant "Fe status" triggering the long-distance shoot-root signaling and leading to the root Fe deficiency responses is (are) still unknown. Local Fe sensing is also a major task for roots, for adjusting the internal Fe requirements to external Fe availability: how such sensing is achieved and how it leads to metabolic adjustments in case of nutrient shortage, is mostly unknown. Two proteins belonging to the 2'-OG-dependent dioxygenases family accumulate several folds in Fe-deficient Arabidopsis roots. Such proteins require Fe(II) as enzymatic cofactor; one of their subgroups, the HIF-P4H (hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl 4-hydroxylase), is an effective oxygen sensor in animal cells. We envisage here the possibility that some members of the 2'-OG dioxygenase family may be involved in the Fe deficiency response and in the metabolic adjustments to Fe deficiency or even in sensing Fe, in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Vigani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie ed Ambientali-Produzioni, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Piero Morandini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
| | - Irene Murgia
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di MilanoMilano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Irene Murgia, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy e-mail:
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50
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Rolland N, Curien G, Finazzi G, Kuntz M, Maréchal E, Matringe M, Ravanel S, Seigneurin-Berny D. The Biosynthetic Capacities of the Plastids and Integration Between Cytoplasmic and Chloroplast Processes. Annu Rev Genet 2012; 46:233-64. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genet-110410-132544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Rolland
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Gilles Curien
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Marcel Kuntz
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Michel Matringe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
| | - Daphné Seigneurin-Berny
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I/INRA/CEA, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; , , , , , , ,
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