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Hashami Z, Chabook N, Javanmardi F, Mohammadi R, Bashiry M, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The concentration and prevalence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in cheese: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:479-498. [PMID: 36469799 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2153810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to systematically review the concentration of different PTEs, including Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), and Cadmium (Cd) in cheese among some databases between 2000 and 2021 (from 57 included studies). Estimated concentrations of 160.78 (95% CI = 119.24-202.28), 15.68 (95% CI = 11.88-19.48), 16.94 (95% CI = 13.29-20.59), and 2.47 (95% CI = 1.70-3.23) µg/kg were calculated for As, Pb, Cd, and Hg, respectively. Most of the studies for PTEs are related to Pb, about 40% of the studies, compared to As, which has fewer studies. The results showed that As and Hg concentrations were lower than the Codex Alimentarius Commission standard limits. Nevertheless, Cd and Pb concentrations were higher than the standard limit values. Results showed that cheese making, the ripening period, fat content, and texture are influential factors in a high level of Pb and Cd in cheese samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hashami
- Students Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negar Chabook
- Students Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fardin Javanmardi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Moein Bashiry
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Denholm S, McNeilly T, Bashir S, Mitchell M, Wall E, Sneddon A. Correlations of milk and serum element concentrations with production and management traits in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9726-9737. [PMID: 36207186 PMCID: PMC9720353 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential consequences, positive or negative, that selection for favorable production-related traits may have on concentrations of vitamin B12 and key chemical elements in dairy cow milk and serum and the possible impact on milk healthiness, and associated benefits, for the dairy product consumer. Milk and serum samples (950 and 755, respectively) were collected from Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n = 479) on 19 occasions over a 59-mo period, generating 34,258 individual records, and analyzed for concentrations of key trace and quantity elements, heavy metals, and milk vitamin B12. These data were then matched to economically important production data (milk, fat, and protein yield) and management data (dry matter intake, liveweight, and body condition score). Multivariate animal models, including full pedigree information, were used to analyze data and investigate relationships between traits of interest. Results highlighted negative genetic correlations between many quantity and trace elements in both milk and serum with production and management traits. Milk yield was strongly negatively correlated with the milk quantity elements Mg and Ca (genetic correlation between traits, ra = -0.58 and -0.63, respectively) as well as the trace elements Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mo (ra = -0.32, -0.58, -0.52, -0.40, -0.34, and -0.96, respectively); and in serum, Mg, Ca, Co, Fe, and Zn (ra = -0.50, -0.36, -0.68, -0.54, and -0.90, respectively). Strong genetic correlations were noted between dry matter intake with V (ra = 0.97), Fe (ra = -0.69), Ni (ra = -0.81), and Zn (ra = -0.75), and in serum, strong negative genetic correlations were observed between dry matter intake with Ca and Se (ra = -0.95 and -0.88, respectively). Body condition score was negatively correlated with serum P, Cu, Se, and Pb (ra = -0.45, -0.35, -0.51, and -0.64, respectively) and positively correlated with Mn, Fe, and Zn (ra = 0.40, 0.71, and 0.55, respectively). Our results suggest that breeding strategies aimed at improving economically important production-related traits would most likely result in a negative impact on levels of beneficial nutrients within milk for human consumption (such as Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Se).
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Affiliation(s)
- S.J. Denholm
- Scotland's Rural College, Peter Wilson Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland,Corresponding author
| | - T.N. McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, Scotland
| | - S. Bashir
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland
| | - M.C. Mitchell
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, Scotland
| | - E. Wall
- Scotland's Rural College, Peter Wilson Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, Scotland
| | - A.A. Sneddon
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland
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Monteverde V, Camilleri G, Arfuso F, Pennisi M, Perillo L, Patitò G, Gioia G, Castronovo C, Piccione G. Heavy Metal Levels in Milk and Serum of Dairy Cows from Different Farms Located near an Industrial Area. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192574. [PMID: 36230317 PMCID: PMC9559289 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The increase in waste in the environment due to anthropogenic activities has a strong negative effect on the health of the Earth. Heavy metals are the most important cause of environmental pollution, and they enter into the food chain with a severe negative impact on human and animal health. The presence of heavy metals in milk probably indicates the chronic exposure of animals to these elements, suggesting the usefulness of this biological matrix as an indicator of heavy metal contamination. Therefore, the evaluation of heavy metal concentrations in milk can be a useful tool to monitor the exposure to environmental pollutions and to safeguard the security of both human and animal health status and welfare. Abstract Background: Heavy metals are toxic, non-biodegradable substances able to enter the food chain of cows and then transfer to their milk. This study investigated the relationship between the heavy metal concentrations in serum and milk and the environmental pollutants exposure at two different farms in Ragusa, Italy. Methods: To evaluate the concentrations of aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), milk and serum samples were collected from 40 Friesian dairy cows from farm 1 at about 3.7 km from an industrial area (group 1) and 40 Friesian dairy cows from farm 2 at about 400 mt from a greenhouse and 6.0 km from a chemical fertilizer factory (group 2). Results: The concentrations of heavy metals measured in serum and milk showed no statistically significant differences between group 1 and group 2. No significant correlation between heavy metals in serum and milk in group 1 was observed. A positive correlation between Zn concentrations measured in milk and serum samples was observed in group 2 (r = 0.35, p = 0.03). Conclusions: The determination of heavy metals in serum and milk can be an important tool to detect the exposure to environmental pollutants and in monitoring the hygienic state of the environment in which milk is produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Monteverde
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Camilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(090)-3506640
| | - Melissa Pennisi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Perillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Patitò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gioia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Castronovo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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de Oliveira Filho EF, Miranda M, Ferreiro T, Herrero-Latorre C, Castro Soares P, López-Alonso M. Concentrations of Essential Trace and Toxic Elements Associated with Production and Manufacturing Processes in Galician Cheese. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154938. [PMID: 35956892 PMCID: PMC9370589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the trace element composition and the toxic metal residues in Galician cow’s milk cheese produced in different systems (artisan, industrial, and organic). Fourteen elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) were determined in 58 representative samples of Galician cheeses by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The toxic elements were present at low concentrations, similar to those reported for other unpolluted geographical areas. The essential elements were also within the normal range in cheeses. There were no statistically significant differences between smoked and unsmoked cheeses for any of the elements. Chemometric analyses (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) revealed that the industrial cheeses produced in Galicia using the milk from intensive dairy farms were different, in terms of elemental content, from artisan and organic cheeses, in which the elemental contents were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Felipe de Oliveira Filho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine/UFRPE, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (E.F.d.O.F.); (P.C.S.)
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Tania Ferreiro
- Technological Platform: Aula de Productos Lácteos y Tecnologías Alimentarias, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Carlos Herrero-Latorre
- Research Institute on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Pierre Castro Soares
- Department of Veterinary Medicine/UFRPE, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Brazil; (E.F.d.O.F.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
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Calahorrano-Moreno MB, Ordoñez-Bailon JJ, Baquerizo-Crespo RJ, Dueñas-Rivadeneira AA, B. S. M. Montenegro MC, Rodríguez-Díaz JM. Contaminants in the cow's milk we consume? Pasteurization and other technologies in the elimination of contaminants. F1000Res 2022; 11:91. [PMID: 35186276 PMCID: PMC8822143 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.108779.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk is currently the most consumed product worldwide. However, due to various direct and indirect contamination sources, different chemical and microbiological contaminants have been found in cow's milk. This review details the main contaminants found in cow's milk, referring to the sources of contamination and their impact on human health. A comparative approach highlights the poor efficacy and effects of the pasteurization process with other methods used in the treatment of cow's milk. Despite pasteurization and related techniques being the most widely applied to date, they have not demonstrated efficacy in eliminating contaminants. New technologies have appeared as alternative treatments to pasteurization. However, in addition to causing physicochemical changes in the raw material, their efficacy is not total in eliminating chemical contaminants, suggesting the need for new research to find a solution that contributes to improving food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Belen Calahorrano-Moreno
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | - Jonathan Jerry Ordoñez-Bailon
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo José Baquerizo-Crespo
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | - Alex Alberto Dueñas-Rivadeneira
- Departamento de Procesos Agroindustriales, Facultad de Ciencias Zootécnicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
| | | | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Manabí, 130104, Ecuador
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Heavy Metal Levels in Milk and Cheese Produced in the Kvemo Kartli Region, Georgia. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092234. [PMID: 34574344 PMCID: PMC8465843 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are among the most important food sectors in Georgia, and milk is considered one of the most essential foods in the human diet according to Georgian food culture. Kvemo Kartli is one of the major regions in Georgia for milk production. This region suffers from heavy metal contamination in soil and water because of the mining industry. This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of cadmium, lead, iron, zinc, copper, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, selenium and molybdenum in milk and cheese and to evaluate whether the concentrations of these elements correspond to the permissible levels of toxic elements in milk and cheese for Georgia and the EU. In total, 195 milk samples and 25 cheese samples (16 from Imeruli cheese and nine from Sulguni cheese) were collected from nine different villages in the Kvemo Kartli region in Georgia: Chapala, Vanati, Bolnisi, Mtskneti, Sabereti, Ratevani, Khidiskuri, Kazreti, Kvemo Bolnisi. The determination of heavy metal in all samples was carried out by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The research results show that the concentration of these elements in most milk samples is fairly constant for all villages and is less than the permissible levels, except for seven samples from the following villages: Kvemo Bolnisi, Bolnisi, Mitskineti and Ratawani, where the concentration of lead in the milk samples was higher than the permissible limits mentioned in the literature, ranging from 0.027 to 1003 mg L−1. As for copper, its concentration in milk in Sabereti and Vanati villages was above the permissible limits according to the EU limit, ranging from 0.42 to 1.28 mg L−1. For cheese samples, the concentration of cadmium, lead, copper, Co and Ni in the two types of cheese was less than the permissible limit according to the laws of Georgia. Finally, the heavy metal concentrations in Imeruli and Sulguni cheese for manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo) zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) were above the permissible limit. Thus, the study results showed that the consumption of milk does not pose a direct and serious threat to the health of consumers. As for the two types of cheese, future studies and continuous monitoring are necessary to assess the cheese content of trace elements and the risk of its consumption to the consumer.
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Castro-Bedriñana J, Chirinos-Peinado D, Ríos-Ríos E, Machuca-Campuzano M, Gómez-Ventura E. Dietary risk of milk contaminated with lead and cadmium in areas near mining-metallurgical industries in the Central Andes of Peru. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 220:112382. [PMID: 34090106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mining-metallurgical industry in the central Andes of Peru is a source of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contamination in milk, and there are no studies on the impact of their ingestion. Using flame atomic absorption spectrometry, we quantified the concentration of these metals in raw milk produced in agroecological zones near these industries, and estimated the exposure and dietary risk in people aged 2-85 yr with minimum, average and maximum daily milk intake. In 2018, 40 raw milk samples were collected from 20 cows at two times of the year. The mean Pb and Cd concentrations were 577 ± 18.2 and 18.35 ± 5.4 μg/kg, all samples exceeded the maximum limits (ML). Children aged 2-5 and 6-15 yr, with average milk consumption, had Pb weekly intakes (WI) of 2019 and 2423 μg, exceeding the risk value; values for Cd 64 and 77 μg were below the risk values. In those older than 20 years the WI for both metals are below the risk values. The Dietary Risk Coefficient (DRC) to Pb in children younger than 8 years was >3 due to higher milk consumption in relation to body weight; for children aged 9-19 years it was 1.7 and 2.9, being <1 for those older than 20 yr. Cd RDCs were <1 at all ages, with the exception of 2-year-olds in the high milk consumption scenario (RDC > 1). There was notable evidence of Pb and Cd exposure risk from consumption of milk produced near mining-metallurgical activities, predominantly for children under 19-year-olds. In Peru there are no regulations for Pb and Cd in fresh milk and milk products, we recommended that ML for heavy metals in food be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Castro-Bedriñana
- Research Center in Food and Nutritional Security, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Junín, Peru.
| | - Doris Chirinos-Peinado
- Research Center in Food and Nutritional Security, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Junín, Peru
| | - Elva Ríos-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Elvis Gómez-Ventura
- Zootechnical Faculty, Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Huancayo, Junín, Peru
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Pellegrino L, Hogenboom JA, Rosi V, D’Incecco P. Evaluating the Authenticity of the Raw-Milk Cheese Fontina (PDO) with Respect to Similar Cheeses. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020350. [PMID: 33562236 PMCID: PMC7915116 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of quality assurance schemes for the assessment of PDO food authenticity is an issue involving manufacturers, traders, retailers and consumers. In this respect, reliable analytical methods are needed to integrate paper-trailing information. The feasibility of distinguishing the Italian Fontina PDO cheese from the generic Fontal cheese was preliminarily evaluated on a set of commercial samples by measuring selected parameters (pH, alkaline phosphatase activity, content of copper, volatiles, extent of proteolysis) related to the different manufacturing processes. The relative profile of free amino acids proved to be a promising tool. A new set of 41 samples of Fontina PDO cheese was collected at representative dairies within the recognized production area and analyzed for free amino acids. A chemometric model of Fontina PDO cheese was built based on the mean content and standard deviation of 15 free amino acids. On this basis, all of the PDO samples were correctly identified, whereas all of the Fontal cheeses were recognized as different cheeses.
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Boudebbouz A, Boudalia S, Bousbia A, Habila S, Boussadia MI, Gueroui Y. Heavy metals levels in raw cow milk and health risk assessment across the globe: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141830. [PMID: 33182002 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review presents the potential toxicity of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu) in raw cow milk, focusing on their contamination sources and on the assessment of the related human health risk. Multiple keywords such as "raw cow milk, heavy metals, and human health" were used to search in related databases. A total of 60 original articles published since 2010 reporting the levels of these metals in raw cow's milk across the world were reviewed. Data showed that the highest levels of Ni (833 mg/L), Pb (60 mg/L), Cu (36 mg/L) were noticed in raw cow milk collected in area consists of granites and granite gneisses in India, while the highest level of Cd (12 mg/L) was reported in barite mining area in India. Fe values in raw cow milk samples were above the WHO maximum limit (0.37 mg/L) with highest values (37.02 mg/L) recorded in India. The highest Al level was (22.50 mg/L) reported for raw cow's milk collected close to food producing plants region in Turkey. The Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) values of Hg were below 1 suggesting that milk consumers are not at a non-carcinogenic risk except in Faisalabad province (Pakistan) where THQ values = 7.7. For the other heavy metals, the THQ values were >1 for Pb (10 regions out of 70), for Cd (6 regions out of 59), for Ni (3 out of 29), and for Cu (3 out of 54). Exposure to heavy metals is positively associated with diseases developments. Moreover, data actualization and continuous monitoring are necessary and recommended to evaluate heavy metals effects in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Boudebbouz
- Département d'Écologie et Génie de l'Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria; Laboratoire de Biologie, Eau et Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria
| | - Sofiane Boudalia
- Département d'Écologie et Génie de l'Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria; Laboratoire de Biologie, Eau et Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria.
| | - Aissam Bousbia
- Département d'Écologie et Génie de l'Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria; Laboratoire de Biologie, Eau et Environnement, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria
| | - Safia Habila
- Laboratoire de Pharmocologie et de Phytochimie, Université Mohammed Seddik Benyahia Jijel, Algeria
| | - Meriem Imen Boussadia
- Département de Biologie, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria
| | - Yassine Gueroui
- Département de Biologie, Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, BP 4010, Guelma 24000, Algeria
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Azorín I, Madrid J, Martínez S, López M, López MB, López MJ, Hernández F. Can Moderate Levels of Organic Selenium in Dairy Cow Feed Naturally Enrich Dairy Products? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122269. [PMID: 33271958 PMCID: PMC7759968 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Milk and dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt, can be useful sources of selenium-enriched products to increase human Se intake. We studied the effect of dairy cow feed supplementation with inorganic plus organic Se on milk yield, and on the Se enrichment of milk and dairy products to obtain naturally enriched products. Two groups of lactating cows were assigned to two feeding treatments, both with 0.240 mg Se/kg of ration dry matter: One was supplemented with inorganic Se, the other with a 60/40 ratio of inorganic Se/organic Se. The results showed that the inclusion of inorganic plus organic Se did not affect the yield or basic chemical composition of milk; however, the Se content of milk was higher with inorganic plus organic Se supplementation. Cheese from cows fed inorganic plus organic Se had a higher Se content, although this effect was not observed for yogurt. At a moderate level in the diet, sodium selenite plus Se yeast may be more effective than only inorganic Se, increasing the Se concentration in milk and cheese. Abstract This work studied the effect of dairy cow ration supplementation with inorganic plus organic Se on metabolic status, milk yield, and the quality of milk and dairy products, especially its Se content. Twenty multiparous Holstein Friesian lactating cows were assigned to two feeding treatments. The cows were fed with 22.5 kg dry matter (DM) of total mixed ration (11.75 kg DM of forage plus 10.75 kg DM of concentrate) by head. There were two different concentrates with the same Se content (0.240 mg/kg of ration DM) but with different Se sources: The control (CON) was supplemented with inorganic Se (sodium selenite); and the other (IOSe) was supplemented with sodium selenite plus organic Se (Sel-Plex®), at 0.144 and 0.096 mg Se/kg of ration DM, respectively. The results indicated that, in general, the IOSe treatment did not modify the metabolic profile, and even decreased the total oxidant status (p < 0.05) and did not lead to a deterioration of quality and yield of milk. However, milk and cheese from IOSe had higher Se content (an increase of 29.7% and 38.2%, respectively) than CON (p < 0.01), but this effect was not observed in yogurt. In general, physical or sensorial parameters of cheeses did not show differences between treatments. Moderate inorganic plus organic Se supplementation may be more effective than inorganic Se, increasing the Se content in milk and cheese, without causing a deterioration in quality or productive parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Azorín
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Josefa Madrid
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-868-884-750
| | - Silvia Martínez
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Marina López
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - María Belén López
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Miguel José López
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
| | - Fuensanta Hernández
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence (CEIR) Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (I.A.); (S.M.); (M.L.); (M.J.L.); (F.H.)
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Heavy metal and pesticide levels in dairy products: Evaluation of human health risk. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111844. [PMID: 33152470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cattle milk's health benefits can be compromised by the presence of contaminants. The levels of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, and residues of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) were determined in soil, milk and cheese samples collected from cow farms from 3 Romanian areas with industrial and agriculture tradition. A new methodology was applied for the determination of the corrected estimated daily intake (cEDI) corresponding to the aggregate dietary exposure. For the risk assessment, we calculated the source hazard quotient (HQs) for each contaminant and the adversity specific hazard index (HIA). Cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, and the sum of DDT levels in soil samples were below maximum residue levels (MRLs). The MRLs of lead and DDD were exceeded in milk and cheese samples from all the 3 areas. The MRLs of copper and zinc were exceeded in cheese samples from area 2 and 3. HQs >10 for lead indicates increased risk, while HQ > 1 for copper and sum of DDT indicates moderate risk for both milk and cheese. By calculating the HIA, we identified a moderate and increase risk for nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, hematotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and reproduction toxicity after consumption of the dairy products from the 3 areas.
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12
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Abedi AS, Nasseri E, Esfarjani F, Mohammadi-Nasrabadi F, Hashemi Moosavi M, Hoseini H. A systematic review and meta-analysis of lead and cadmium concentrations in cow milk in Iran and human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:10147-10159. [PMID: 32060829 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to systematically review and summarize the studies that evaluated the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in cow milk in different regions of Iran and to perform a meta-analysis of the findings. Moreover, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of Pb and Cd through milk consumption in adult and child consumers were assessed. As a result of a systematic search in the international and national databases between January 2008 and October 2018, 17 reports involving 1874 samples were incorporated in our study for meta-analysis. The pooled concentrations of Pb and Cd were estimated to be 13.95 μg mL-1 (95% CI 9.72-18.11 μg mL-1) and 3.55 μg mL-1 (95% CI - 2.38-9.48 μg mL-1), respectively, which were lower than the WHO/FAO and national standard limits. The estimated weekly intake (EWI) of Pb and Cd through consuming milk was 16.65 and 7 μg day-1 for adults of 70 kg and 45 and 34 μg day-1 for children of 26 kg, respectively, which was well below the risk values set by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The maximum target hazard quotient values (THQs) of Pb and Cd were 5.55E-5 and 5.55E-5 for adults and 5.55E-5 and 5.55E-5 for children, respectively, which were lower than 1 value, suggesting that Iranian consumers are not exposed to non-carcinogenic risk through consuming milk. Moreover, the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of Pb estimated to be 2.96E-04 in adults and 1.0E-03 in children, indicating that consumers in Iran are at threshold carcinogenic risk of Pb through consuming milk (ILCR > 10-4). Therefore, planning and policy making for the sustainable reduction of these toxic metals in milk, particularly in industrial regions of Iran, are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol-Samad Abedi
- Department of Research Deputy, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmat Nasseri
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Esfarjani
- Research Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, West Arghavan St., Farahzadi Blvd., ShahrakQods, P.O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi-Nasrabadi
- Research Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 46, West Arghavan St., Farahzadi Blvd., ShahrakQods, P.O. Box 19395-4741, Tehran, 1981619573, Iran.
| | - Motahareh Hashemi Moosavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hoseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Totan FE, Filazi A. Determination of some element levels in various kinds of cow's milk processed in different ways. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:112. [PMID: 31938971 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to measure zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and aluminum (Al) in whole, semi-skimmed, skimmed, organic, fruit-flavored (strawberry, banana, and cocoa), pasteurized, and raw cows' milk. The samples were collected from sterilized and pasteurized milk processed in different ways in Ankara; the milk was kept in refrigerated raw milk storage tanks on dairy farms. Ninety samples were collected, and there were ten samples in each group. Analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Lead and Cd were not found in any samples, while Zn was observed in all samples. The element with the highest frequency of occurrence was Zn, followed by Cr = As> Al > Se > Fe > Ni > Cu > Pb = Cd, in decreasing order. The lowest concentration among the essential elements was seen in Cu. Aluminum and As were found in 85% and 94.45% of the samples, respectively. However, the present concentrations were below the level of a probable negative effect. It was found that the concentrations of elements in milk showed statistically significant differences, depending on the milk type. It is recommended that low-quality materials not be used in the preparation of milk; the element concentrations in milk and the feed and water consumed by animals should be controlled regularly, and the animals should not be pastured near industrial and traffic sites to protect public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Esra Totan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110-Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Filazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06110-Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey.
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14
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Elgammal SM, Khorshed MA, Ismail EH. Determination of heavy metal content in whey protein samples from markets in Giza, Egypt, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry: A probabilistic risk assessment study. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Arif AM, Javed I, Ayaz M, Abdullah M, Imran M, Rashid A, Shahbaz M, Gondal TA, Qaisarani TB, Iqbal Z, Salehi B, Sharifi‐Rad J, Martorell M. Chemical composition, adulteration, total microbial load, and heavy metal in raw milk samples collected from dairy farms and urban areas in Lahore District, Pakistan. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atta M. Arif
- Department of Dairy TechnologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Imran Javed
- Department of Dairy TechnologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Dairy TechnologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Dairy TechnologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health SciencesThe University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan
| | - Anjum Rashid
- Department of Dairy TechnologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyMNS‐University of Agriculture Multan Pakistan
| | - Tanweer A. Gondal
- School of Exercise and NutritionDeakin University Victoria Australia
| | - Tahira B. Qaisarani
- Department of Agricultural Engineering and TechnologyGhazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Barani Agricultural Research Institute Chakwal Pakistan
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of MedicineBam University of Medical Sciences Bam Iran
| | - Javad Sharifi‐Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research CenterZabol University of Medical Sciences Zabol Iran
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Concepcion Concepcion Chile
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16
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Sujka M, Pankiewicz U, Kowalski R, Mazurek A, Ślepecka K, Góral M. Determination of the content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn in dairy products from various regions of Poland. OPEN CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2019-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe toxicity of heavy metals and their capacity for accumulation in the human organism make it necessary to conduct monitoring of their concentration in food. The objective of the study was to determine the content of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in milk and dairy products from various regions of Poland: the Lublin Region, Podlasie, Podkarpacie, and Silesia. The study showed the presence of the analysed heavy metals in most of the products. The content of lead was related to the level of industrialisation of a region. Higher levels of Pb were found in products from Silesia than in those from the other regions. The study revealed the presence of cadmium in 50% of the samples. Its content varied in range from 0.0067 to 0.0058 mg/kg. The levels of Cu and Zn concentration in the analysed products were within broad ranges, from 0.0015 to 4.94 mg/kg and from 0.01 to 56.44 mg/kg, respectively. In the case of all analysed elements an increase in their concentration was noted in cheese spreads and cottage cheeses. No relationship was found between the content of heavy metals in the analysed products, and the region of their origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sujka
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Pankiewicz
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Radosław Kowalski
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Mazurek
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ślepecka
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magorzata Góral
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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17
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Madani-Tonekaboni M, Sadat aghayan N, Rafiei Nazari R, Mirzamohammadi S, Abdolshahi A, Abbasi-bastami N, Arabameri M. Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Milks from East of Iran Using Monte Carlo Simulation Method. NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/nfsr.6.2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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18
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Paz S, Hardisson A, Guerra N, Gutiérrez AJ, González-Weller D, Del Rosario Fresno M, Capote J, Revert C, Rubio C. Exposure to Metals from Artisanal Cheeses Made with Goat's Milk. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1950-1955. [PMID: 30452293 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cheeses are an important source of essential elements. Nevertheless, the level of some metals could pose a health risk. Therefore, the concentration of trace elements and toxic metals (Cr, Cu, Li, Ni, Sr, Pb, Cd, and Al) has been determined in artisanal cheeses from different geographical locations, and the intake of these metals from cheese consumption has been evaluated. The metal concentration was determined in a total of 90 cheese samples from different locations by using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The highest concentration of Al (35.1 ± 4.42 mg/kg, wet weight) was found in artisanal cheeses from Zamora (Spain), followed by Sr (6.85 ± 0.35 mg/kg, wet weight) in artisanal cheeses from Cadiz (Spain). A daily consumption of 23.2 g of cheese provides a significant dietary contribution for Al of 0.82% of its tolerable weekly intake of 1 mg/kg of body weight per week. Canary Islands cheeses have a higher metal content than the non-Canary cheese, which could be because of the volcanic characteristics of the island soils. The intake of toxic metals and trace elements poses no risk to the health of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Paz
- 1 Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Dailos González-Weller
- 1 Department of Toxicology, School of Medicine.,3 Canarian Public Health Service, Central Laboratory, Rambla General Franco, 53, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38006, Spain
| | | | - Juan Capote
- 2 Canarian Institute of Agrarian Research, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38270, Spain
| | - Consuelo Revert
- 4 Department of Physical Medicine and Pharmacology, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38071, Spain (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-0850 [A.G.])
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19
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Norouzirad R, González-Montaña JR, Martínez-Pastor F, Hosseini H, Shahrouzian A, Khabazkhoob M, Ali Malayeri F, Moallem Bandani H, Paknejad M, Foroughi-Nia B, Fooladi Moghaddam A. Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:308-314. [PMID: 29665547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oil fields are a source of heavy metal pollution, but few studies have evaluated its impact on the intake of these contaminants through milk, an important food especially for children. From February 2015 to 2016, 118 samples of raw cow's milk, 14 of fodder and 8 of water in Southwest Iran were collected from farms close to oil fields or related industries. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) levels were evaluated by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean±SE in milk and fodder were 47.0±3.9 and 54.0±6.9μg/kg for Pb, and 4.7±1.0 and 3.5±1.3μg/kg for Cd. No Pb or Cd was detected in water. Most milk samples (82.2%) for Pb were above the permissible limits (20μg/kg). Exposure to Pb and Cd from milk consumption was calculated in two scenarios: mean and maximum exposure for the age range of 2-90years. The intake of an average Iranian adult (25years, 60kg b. w., 0.14kg milk/day) would be 6.6μg Pb and 0.66μg Cd/day (WI of 46.2 and 4.6μg, respectively), well below the risk values proposed by some international organizations, even in the maximum exposure scenario. However, Pb exposure for infants and toddlers may be closer to the risk values, since milk and milk products could be the main contributor to Cd and Pb, and small children consume 2-3 times more food than adults relative to their body weight. The risk of Pb and Cd exposure through milk close to oil fields should be considered and a monitoring plan for these contaminants is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Norouzirad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Paramedicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran; Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Felipe Martínez-Pastor
- INDEGSAL (Institute for Animal Health and Cattle Development) and Molecular Biology (Cell Biology), Universidad de León, León, Spain.
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI), Faculty of Nutrition & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Shahrouzian
- Dezful Polyclinic, Iranian Social Security Organization, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Ali Malayeri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Haniyeh Moallem Bandani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | | | - Behrouz Foroughi-Nia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Fooladi Moghaddam
- National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI), Faculty of Nutrition & Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Technical University of Munich, Research Department Nutrition and Food Sciences, Analytical Food Chemistry, Freising, Germany.
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20
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Tunegová M, Toman R, Tančin V, Janíček M. Occurrence of selected metals in feed and sheep´s milk from areas with different environmental burden. POTRAVINARSTVO 2018. [DOI: 10.5219/920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of selected essential elements and toxic metals in feed and sheep's milk from areas with different parts of Slovak Republic was analyzed. Region of Novoť (undisturbed environment; North Slovakia) and region of Klátova Nová Ves (widely disturbed environment; Western Slovakia) were under investigation. Eleven metals have been analyzed (essential elements - calcium, zinc, selenium, iron, magnesium, copper; toxic elements - arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, nickel). Samples of feeds and milk were collected five-times during the year (spring and autumn season). Analyses of samples were performed by certified testing laboratory Eurofins Bel/Novamann (Nové Zámky, Slovak Republic). Analyses were performed by routine methods, according to the valid methodologies. The results showed significantly higher content of selected essential elements in feed in spring season from area with widely disturbed environment (Klátova Nová Ves). Significantly higher content of essential elements in milk was on farm of Novoť (undisturbed environment). Occurrence of toxic metals in feed from area with widely disturbed environment in spring season did not affect their content in milk. It can be concluded, that the use of milk of sheep from these areas for direct use or for dairy products processing is appropriate, safe and poses no health risk for the consumers.
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21
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Aquino LFMCD, Ribeiro RDOR, Simoes JS, Mano SB, Mársico ET, Conte Junior CA. Mercury content in whey protein and potential risk for human health. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Wochner KF, Becker-Algeri TA, Colla E, Badiale-Furlong E, Drunkler DA. The action of probiotic microorganisms on chemical contaminants in milk. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 44:112-123. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1329275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katia Francine Wochner
- Post Graduate Program in Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Tânia Aparecida Becker-Algeri
- Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, Department of Food Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Eliane Colla
- Post Graduate Program in Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Medianeira, Brazil
| | - Eliana Badiale-Furlong
- Post Graduate Program in Engineering and Science of Food, Department of Food Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Deisy Alessandra Drunkler
- Post Graduate Program in Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Medianeira, Brazil
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23
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de Oliveira TM, Augusto Peres J, Lurdes Felsner M, Cristiane Justi K. Direct determination of Pb in raw milk by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) with electrothermal atomization sampling from slurries. Food Chem 2017; 229:721-725. [PMID: 28372236 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Milk is an important food in the human diet due to its physico-chemical composition; therefore, it is necessary to monitor contamination by toxic metals such as Pb. Milk sample slurries were prepared using Triton X-100 and nitric acid for direct analysis of Pb using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry - GF AAS. After dilution of the slurries, 10.00µl were directly introduced into the pyrolytic graphite tube without use of a chemical modifier, which acts as an advantage considering this type of matrix. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.64 and 2.14µgl-1, respectively. The figures of merit studied showed that the proposed methodology without pretreatment of the raw milk sample and using external standard calibration is suitable. The methodology was applied in milk samples from the Guarapuava region, in Paraná State (Brazil) and Pb concentrations ranged from 2.12 to 37.36µgl-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Milão de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
| | - Jayme Augusto Peres
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lurdes Felsner
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
| | - Karin Cristiane Justi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, 85040-080 Guarapuava, PR, Brazil.
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24
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Stanovič R, Árvay J, Hauptvogl M, Tomáš J, Kováčik A, Záhorcová Z, Slávik M. Determination of heavy metals concentration in raw sheep milk from mercury polluted area. POTRAVINARSTVO 2016. [DOI: 10.5219/536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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25
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Ismail A, Riaz M, Akhtar S, Ismail T, Ahmad Z, Hashmi MS. Estimated daily intake and health risk of heavy metals by consumption of milk. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2015; 8:260-5. [PMID: 26313236 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2015.1081989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cd, Co, Pb, Cu and Ni were analysed in 480 milk samples by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean concentrations were 0.001, 0.061, 0.014, 0.738 and 0.028 mg/kg, respectively. Mean concentration of Cd was very low, whereas Cu exceeded the maximum limits established by the Codex Alimentarius. In some areas, the Pb concentration exceeded the maximum limit as set by the Codex Alimentarius. The highest estimated daily intake (EDI) of Cu calculated for male infants (1-3 year) was 33.534 µg/kg bw/day, while the lowest EDI was recorded for Cd (0.004 µg/kg bw/day) in adult females above 16 years. The results suggested that Cu and Pb from milk in the investigated areas may pose a health risk to the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ismail
- a Institute of Food Science and Nutrition , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan.,b Department of Food Science , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , USA
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- a Institute of Food Science and Nutrition , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- a Institute of Food Science and Nutrition , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- a Institute of Food Science and Nutrition , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad
- c University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences , Islamia University , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saad Hashmi
- a Institute of Food Science and Nutrition , Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
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Bilandžić N, Sedak M, Đokić M, Božić Đ, Vrbić A. Content of macro- and microelements and evaluation of the intake of different dairy products consumed in Croatia. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Camin F, Bertoldi D, Santato A, Bontempo L, Perini M, Ziller L, Stroppa A, Larcher R. Validation of methods for H, C, N and S stable isotopes and elemental analysis of cheese: results of an international collaborative study. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:415-423. [PMID: 26349463 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE PDO cheeses, such as Parmigiano Reggiano and Grana Padano, which cost more than double generic similar cheeses, must be protected against mislabelling. The aim of this study was to validate the methods for the isotopic and elemental analysis of cheese, in order to support official recognition of their use in authenticity assessment. METHODS An international collaborative study based on blind duplicates of seven hard cheeses was performed according to the IUPAC protocol and ISO Standards 5725/2004 and 13528/2005. The H, C, N and S stable isotope ratios of defatted cheese determined using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) and the content of Li, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ba, Re, Bi, U in cheese after acid microwave digestion using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry or Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-MS or -OES) were measured in 13 different laboratories. RESULTS The average standard deviations of repeatability (sr) and reproducibility (sR) were 0.1 and 0.2 ‰ for δ(13)C values, 0.1 and 0.3 ‰ for δ(15)N values, 2 and 3 ‰ for δ(2)H values, and 0.4 and 0.6 ‰ for δ(34)S values, thus comparable with results of official methods and the literature for other food matrices. For elemental data, the average RSDr and RSDR values ranged between 2 and 11% and between 9 and 28%, respectively, consistent with methods reported by the FDA and in the literature for cheese. CONCLUSIONS The validation data obtained here can be submitted to the standardisation agencies to obtain official recognition for the methods, which is fundamental when they are used in commercial disputes and legal debates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Camin
- Fondazione E. Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Daniela Bertoldi
- Fondazione E. Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Alessandro Santato
- Fondazione E. Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Luana Bontempo
- Fondazione E. Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Matteo Perini
- Fondazione E. Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Luca Ziller
- Fondazione E. Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Angelo Stroppa
- Consorzio Tutela Grana Padano, Via XXIV Giugno 8, 25010, San Martino Della Battaglia, Desenzano del Garda, BS, Italy
| | - Roberto Larcher
- Fondazione E. Mach (FEM), Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
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Silanikove N, Shapiro F, Merin U, Leitner G. The intracellular source, composition and regulatory functions of nanosized vesicles from bovine milk-serum. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07599h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A hypothesis that the source of milk-serum derived vesicles (MSDVs) is the Golgi apparatus (GA) was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Silanikove
- Biology of Lactation Laboratory
- Agricultural Research Organization
- The Volcani Center
- Bet Dagan 50250
- Israel
| | - Fira Shapiro
- Biology of Lactation Laboratory
- Agricultural Research Organization
- The Volcani Center
- Bet Dagan 50250
- Israel
| | - Uzi Merin
- Department of Food Quality and Safety
- Agricultural Research Organization
- The Volcani Center
- Bet Dagan 50250
- Israel
| | - Gabriel Leitner
- National Mastitis Reference Center
- Kimron Veterinary Institute
- Bet Dagan 50250
- Israel
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29
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Heavy metals and trace elements levels in milk and milk products. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-014-9203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Suturović Z, Kravić S, Milanović S, Durović A, Brezo T. Determination of heavy metals in milk and fermented milk products by potentiometric stripping analysis with constant inverse current in the analytical step. Food Chem 2014; 155:120-5. [PMID: 24594163 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for the direct determination of cadmium, lead and copper in milk and fermented milk products by potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) with oxygen as an oxidant and with inverse current imposed through the stripping step is described. For the more selective metals determination a samples pretreatment by the microwave acid extraction was applied. Due to the significant increase of the modified technique sensitivity, the detection limits of 0.30, 1.7 and 3.8 μg/l were obtained, for cadmium, lead and copper, respectively. The method accuracy was confirmed by analysing the standard reference material (SRM 1577 b). The contents of cadmium, lead and copper in milk samples were in the range of 2.13-4.82, 54.3-95.2 and 112.2-124.7 μg/kg, respectively, whereas in the samples of fermented milk products in the range of 6.30-24.1, 210.1-463.6 and 260.0-320.7 μg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir Suturović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Kravić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Spasenija Milanović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Durović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tanja Brezo
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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Er C, Filiz Senkal B, Yaman M. Determination of lead in milk and yoghurt samples by solid phase extraction using a novel aminothioazole-polymeric resin. Food Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Rahimi E. Lead and cadmium concentrations in goat, cow, sheep, and buffalo milks from different regions of Iran. Food Chem 2012; 136:389-91. [PMID: 23122075 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In total, 137 goat, cow, sheep, and buffalo milk samples were collected in different regions of Iran and analysed to determine concentrations of lead and cadmium by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric method. The mean recovery of the analytical method was 96.3% and 104% for cadmium and lead, respectively. The mean lead and cadmium contents obtained from 137 samples were 1.93 ± 1.48 (range: 0.18-6.11 ng/ml) and 9.51 ± 4.93 ng/ml (range: 1.84 ng/ml-30.50 ng/ml), respectively. Lead concentration in 8.1% of sheep and 1.9% of cow milk samples was higher than the newly established Codex standard. The mean concentrations of cadmium and lead in animals aged ≤ 3 years (n=80; 1.40 ± 1.05 ng/ml and 7.91 ± 3.60 ng/ml, respectively) were lower than in animals aged >3 years (n=58; 2.69 ± 1.67 ng/ml and 11.8 ± 5.71 ng/ml, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rahimi
- Department of Food Hygiene, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Mendil D. Determination of Cd (II), Cu (II), and Pb (II) in Some Foods by FAAS after Preconcentration on Modified Silica Gels with Thiourea. J Food Sci 2012; 77:T181-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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H, C, N and S stable isotopes and mineral profiles to objectively guarantee the authenticity of grated hard cheeses. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 711:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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