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Yan QJ, Chen YY, Wu MX, Yang H, Cao JP, Sun CD, Wang Y. Phenolics and Terpenoids Profiling in Diverse Loquat Fruit Varieties and Systematic Assessment of Their Mitigation of Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1795. [PMID: 37891875 PMCID: PMC10604257 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare and investigate the phenolic compounds in the peel and flesh of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) and evaluate their ability to protect against alcohol-induced liver oxidative stress, we employed a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze 22 phenolics and 2 terpenoid compounds in loquat peel and flesh extracts (extraction with 95% ethanol). Among these, six compounds were identified for the first time in loquat, revealing distinct distribution patterns based on variety and tissue. Various chemical models, such as DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, and ABTS, were used to assess free radical scavenging and metal ion reduction capabilities. The results indicate that peel extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacity compared with flesh extracts. Using a normal mouse liver cell line, AML-12, we explored the protective effects of loquat extracts and individual compounds against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. The findings demonstrate the enhanced cell viability and the induction of antioxidant enzyme activity through the modulation of Nrf2 and Keap1 gene expression. In a C57/BL6 mouse model of alcohol-induced liver damage, loquat extract was found to alleviate liver injury induced by alcohol. The restoration of perturbed serum liver health indicators underscored the efficacy of loquat extract in reclaiming equilibrium. The culmination of these findings significantly bolsters the foundational knowledge necessary to explore the utilization of loquat fruit extract in the creation of health-focused products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun-Jiao Yan
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100000, China;
| | - Yun-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Man-Xi Wu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Han Yang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Jin-Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Chong-De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.C.); (M.-X.W.); (H.Y.); (J.-P.C.); (C.-D.S.)
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Mokhtari I, Moumou M, Harnafi M, Milenkovic D, Amrani S, Harnafi H. Loquat fruit peel extract regulates lipid metabolism and liver oxidative stress in mice: In vivo and in silico approaches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116376. [PMID: 36918050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Moroccan traditional medicine, fresh or dried loquat (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.) fruit peels infused in water and taken for 45 days are used as natural remedies against hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia and cardiovascular diseases. This is the first experimental study approving the folk medicinal use of loquat fruit peels originated from eastern Morocco. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aims to investigate the effect of loquat fruit peel extract on lipid metabolism and liver oxidative status in mice as well as to predict the possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was carried out using high fat/fructose diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice model treated with the loquat peel extract for 45 days at two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) in comparison to fenofibrate drug. The plasma, tissue, fecal and biliary lipids and blood glucose were analyzed using enzymatic methods. The liver oxidative status was evaluated and the polyphenol profiling was conducted using the HPLC-DAD method. Possible mechanisms involved in the observed pharmacological effects were predicted by in silico method. RESULTS The extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg possessed higher effect than at 100 mg/kg. It significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-cholesterol, atherogenic index, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and plasma glucose (-36%, -45%, -45%, -82%, -87%, 58%, respectively), while the HDL-cholesterol was increased (+172%). Moreover, the extract reduced TC and TG in the liver and adipose tissue by increasing their excretion in bile and fecal matter. It prevented the liver oxidative stress and decreased body weight and organ relative mass. The extract appears to be nontoxic (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg) and contains five polyphenols including ferulic acid (32.74 ± 0.71 mg/g), caffeic acid (21.48 ± 0.32 mg/g), 5-O-Caffeoylquinic acid (112.15 ± 1.86 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (42.05 ± 0.92 mg/g) and quercetin (32.69 ± 0.68 mg/g). These phenolics and/or their circulating metabolites presented differential interaction capacities with the potential enzymes and transcription factors implicated in lipid homeostasis such as HMG-CoA reductase, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid synthase, Cyp7a1, ABCG, PPARs, RXR, FXR and RAR. CONCLUSION Our findings justify the traditional use of loquat fruit peels and suggest that their aqueous extract could be used as substrate to produce phytotherapeutic drugs or dietary supplements to prevent hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammadine Moumou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Souliman Amrani
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harnafi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnologies, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, 60 000, Oujda, Morocco.
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Zhu X, Wang L, Zhao T, Jiang Q. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Eriobotrya japonica leaves: A summary. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115566. [PMID: 35870687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. has been included in "The Plant List" (http://www.theplantlist.org) and is the most widely researched species in its genus. E. japonica is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree belonging to the Rosaceae family. Its dried leaves are widely used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine to treat coughing caused by pulmonary inflammation, dyspnea due to asthma and cough, nausea caused by stomach disorders, restlessness, and thirst. Furthermore, it is used to treat stomach ache, ulcers, chronic bronchitis, cancer, and diabetes mellitus in Japanese folk medicine. However, no systematic reports on E. japonica leaves have been published before. AIM OF THE STUDY This review summarizes the available information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control of various extracts and phytoconstituents of E. japonica leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant publications between 1931 and 2022 were considered. Chinese and English studies on E. japonica leaves were collected from databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, ACS Publications, Springer, and CNKI (Chinese). The traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and quality control of E. japonica leaves were reviewed. RESULTS Briefly, 164 compounds, including triterpenes, flavonoids, sesquiterpene glycosides, megastigmane derivatives, phenylpropanoids, and organic acids, have been identified from E. japonica leaves, in addition to 169 volatile oils. More than half of these compounds have not yet been reported to have pharmacological activities. Triterpenes and flavonoids are the most important bioactive compounds responsible for pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities. Other beneficial physiological effects such as antioxidant, hepatoprotective, bronchodilatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects and tracheal smooth muscle relaxation, protection against myocardial ischemia injury, and improved cognitive activities have also been reported. High doses of E. japonica leaf extracts have been used in laboratory animals, and no side effects or toxicity-symptoms have been observed. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacological activities of E. japonica leaves support their use in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. However, several aspects, such as the bioavailability, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationships of the pure compounds isolated from E. japonica leaves, have not been studied yet and warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Tie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Qinghua Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Liu X, Li J, Zhang J, Liu D. Chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of medicinal plants from Rosa genus. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:187-209. [PMID: 36117670 PMCID: PMC9476647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Rosa (Rosaceae family) includes about 200 species spread in the world, and this genus shows unique advantages in medicine and food. To date, several scholars concentrated on compounds belonging to flavonoids, triterpenes, tannins, polysaccharide, phenolic acids, fatty acids, organic acids, carotenoids, and vitamins. Pharmacological effects such as antineoplastic and anti-cancer properties, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, liver protection, regulate blood sugar, antimicrobial activity, antiviral activity, as well as nervous system protection and cardiovascular protection were wildly reported. This article reviews the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, applications and safety evaluations of Rosa plants, which provides a reference for the comprehensive utilization of medicine and food resources and gives a scientific basis for the development of medicinal plants of the genus Rosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Logistics College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Xinnan Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Logistics College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300309, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Dailin Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Dracocephalum moldavica Ethanol Extract Suppresses LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses through Inhibition of the JNK/ERK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and IL-6 Production in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and in Endotoxic-Treated Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124501. [PMID: 34960054 PMCID: PMC8706341 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) is related to cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, blocking IL-6 has been suggested as a treatment strategy for inflammatory diseases such as sepsis. Sepsis is a severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome with high mortality. In the present study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-septic effects and the underlying mechanisms of Dracocephalum moldavica ethanol extract (DMEE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory stimulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages along with septic mouse models. We found that DMEE suppressed the release of inflammatory mediators NO and PGE2 and inhibited both the mRNA and protein expression levels of iNOS and COX-2, respectively. In addition, DMEE reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-6 and IL-1β, in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p65. Furthermore, treatment with DMEE increased the survival rate and decreased the level of IL-6 in plasma in LPS-induced septic shock mice. Our findings suggest that DMEE elicits an anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and an anti-septic effect on septic mouse model through the inhibition of the ERK/JNK/NF-κB signaling cascades and production of IL-6.
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Olech M, Ziemichód W, Nowacka-Jechalke N. The Occurrence and Biological Activity of Tormentic Acid-A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133797. [PMID: 34206442 PMCID: PMC8270333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the natural sources and pharmacological activity of tormentic acid (TA; 2α,3β,19α-trihydroxyurs-2-en-28-oic acid). The current knowledge of its occurrence in various plant species and families is summarized. Biological activity (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-osteoarthritic, antinociceptive, antioxidative, anti-melanogenic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic) confirmed in in vitro and in vivo studies is compiled and described. Biochemical mechanisms affected by TA are indicated. Moreover, issues related to the biotechnological methods of production, effective eluents, and TA derivatives are presented.
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Dhiman A, Suhag R, Thakur D, Gupta V, Prabhakar PK. Current Status of Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.): Bioactive Functions, Preservation Approaches, and Processed Products. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1866007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Dhiman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Rajat Suhag
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Dhruv Thakur
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Viresh Gupta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Pramod K Prabhakar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonepat, Haryana, India
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Cui W, Sun C, Ma Y, Wang S, Wang X, Zhang Y. Neuroprotective effect of tormentic acid against memory impairment and neuro‑inflammation in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:739-750. [PMID: 32468017 PMCID: PMC7339752 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and neuro-inflammatory responses are the distinctive characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tormentic acid (TA) is one of the major active components of Potentilla chinensis and has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential effects of TA on neuro-inflammatory responses and memory impairment in AD remain unknown. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of TA on neuro-inflammation, as well as learning and memory impairment in AD mice. In addition, the effects of TA treatment were also examined in a co-culture system of microglia and primary neurons. Intraperitoneal administration of TA attenuated memory deficits in amyloid β precursor protein/presenilin 1 transgenic mice, with a marked decrease in amyloid plaque deposition. TA also reduced microglial activation and decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors in AD mice. Furthermore, pre-treatment with TA suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory markers, as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 induced by Aβ exposure in BV2 cells. TA also reduced inhibited neurotoxicity and improved neuron survival in a neuron-microglia co-culture system. Taken together, these findings suggested that TA could attenuate neuro-inflammation and memory impairment, which may be closely associated with regulation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Cui
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Songtao Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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Effects of Tormentic Acid and the Extracts from Callistemon citrinus on the Production of Extracellular Proteases by Staphylococcus aureus. Biochem Res Int 2020; 2020:6926320. [PMID: 32399301 PMCID: PMC7211245 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6926320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is among the common nosocomial pathogens. Antibiotics have been used to treat S. aureus infections. However, there has been increased mortality associated with drug-resistant strains of S. aureus. Extracellular proteases have been implicated to be responsible for the transition of S. aureus from an adhesive pathogen to an invasive pathogen. The development of resistant strains has necessitated the search for new sources of drugs. Plants have been traditionally used as sources of therapeutic molecules. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tormentic acid and the extracts from Callistemon citrinus on the production of extracellular proteases by S. aureus. The broth microdilution antibacterial susceptibility assay was used to determine the antibacterial effects of tormentic acid and the extracts on S. aureus. Both extracts showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 50 μg/ml. The water : ethanol (50 : 50) and the dichloromethane : methanol (50 : 50) extracts were found to be bactericidal against S. aureus at a concentration of 100 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, respectively. The effect of tormentic acid and extracts on extracellular protease production was investigated using the protease assay. A zone of proteolytic activity (Pr) was measured as the ratio of the diameter of the colony to the total diameter of colony plus zone of hydrolysis. The extracts reduced the production of extracellular proteases, while tormentic acid completely inhibited the production of extracellular proteases by S. aureus. The Pr value for tormentic acid was found to be 1. The Pr values of the dichloromethane : methanol extract and the water : ethanol extract were 0.92 and 0.84, respectively. In conclusion, tormentic acid was shown to inhibit extracellular protease production; therefore, there is need to explore its use in antivirulence therapy to combat S. aureus infections.
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Kuraoka-Oliveira ÂM, Radai JAS, Leitão MM, Lima Cardoso CA, Silva-Filho SE, Leite Kassuya CA. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity in extract from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112418. [PMID: 31770567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Eriobotrya japonica (EJ) is a Chinese medicinal plant that is currently grown in Brazil. E. japonica leaves infusion is traditionally used in the treatment of inflammation; however, there are few scientific studies showing the effects of these properties on joint articular and persistent experimental inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The present research had objective investigation of the effect of infusion obtained from leaves of E. japonica (EJLE) on acute and persistent experimental articular inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Swiss mice were treated orally with EJLE and analyzed for acute pleural inflammation (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), paw edema induced by carrageenan (100 mg/kg), acute knee inflammation induced by zymosan (100 mg/kg), and persistent inflammation induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) (30 and 100 mg/kg). Mechanical hyperalgesia, cold and edema were analyzed. RESULTS The chromatographic analysis of EJLE revealed the presence of corosolic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid. EJLE presented anti-inflammatory activity in the pleurisy model, inhibiting leukocyte migration, protein extravasation and nitric oxide production. In the articular inflammation model, EJLE reduced the number of leukocytes in the joint cavity, paw edema and hyperalgesia (4 h after induction). In the persistent inflammation model induced by CFA, the extract reduced paw edema after 11 days of mechanical and cold hyperalgesia on day 6. CONCLUSIONS The EJLE has anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic potential in models of acute and persistent experimental articular inflammation, making this infusion a new possibility for complementary treating acute or chronic articular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Midori Kuraoka-Oliveira
- School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil; School of Health Sciences, University Center of Grande Dourados (UNIGRAN), Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Maicon Matos Leitão
- School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil; School of Health Sciences, University Center of Grande Dourados (UNIGRAN), Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Center of Studies on Natural Resource, Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS) - Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
| | - Saulo Euclides Silva-Filho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Cândida Aparecida Leite Kassuya
- School of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil; University Hospital (HU-UFGD), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, MS, Brazil.
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A new HPLC–UV method for the quantification of terpenoids and antioxidant activity of commercial loquat leaf tea and preparation. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sabu V, Peter J, Sasidharan Nair AIB, Krishnan S, Sathyaseelan Suja LP, Helen A, Radhakrishna Pillai G. Combinatorial Action of Triterpenoid, Flavonoid, and Alkaloid on Inflammation. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19868877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the synergistic effects of BASk, a combination of betulinic acid (B), apigenin (A), and skimmianine (Sk) in the ratio of 1:1:1, were studied to construct a novel drug mixture against inflammation via the TLR4-nuclear factor Kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) signaling pathway. In silico drug likeness and docking studies recommended 3 bioactive compounds as suitable ligands for drug development. BASk inhibited TLR4 from its dimerization with MD2 and blocked the TLR4 signaling cascade. Reduced nuclear translocation of NFκB inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β and TNF-α), COX-2 expression, and PGE2. Similarly, BASk exerted its protective role by reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and elevating anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. This confirms the inhibiting potential of BASk in the activation of the TLR4-NFκB signaling cascade. Thus, BASk was superior in its anti-inflammatory effect on oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cells than its individual components synergistically. Since BASk inhibited COX-2 expression and further release of PGE2, it is a potent therapeutic agent with better efficacy against inflammation because COX-2 is the target site for treating inflammatory diseases. Thus, it can be clearly stated that this innovation will be a breakthrough in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Jasmine Peter
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Santhi Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | - Antony Helen
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Hwang SH, Kim SB, Jang SP, Wang Z, Suh HW, Lim SS. Anti-Nociceptive Effect and Standardization from Mixture of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Extracts. J Med Food 2018; 21:596-604. [PMID: 29847228 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb has been previously reported to produce an anti-nociceptive effect in ICR mice in both tail-flick and hot-plate tests. Studies have shown that Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, also renowned in traditional Chinese medicine, is an effective anti-inflammatory treatment. Among the extraction solvents investigated, a 50% ethanol (EtOH) extract of A. pilosa produced the highest anti-nociceptive effect in monosodium uric acid-induced gout pain models and the greatest yield. The 80% EtOH extract of S. miltiorrhiza moderately inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide release from RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and exhibited outstanding yield. The mixture of optimized A. pilosa and S. miltiorrhiza extracts were evaluated for enhanced anti-nociceptive effects in gout arthritis treatment. To control extract quality, four marker compounds were determined using an HPLC-DAD method. A 1:1 mixture of A. pilosa 50 and S. miltiorrhiza 80% EtOH extracts of produced better results than when the extracts were administered individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hwan Hwang
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Set Byeol Kim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Sang-Pil Jang
- 2 Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea.,3 Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea.,4 College of Public Health, Hebei University , Baoding, China
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- 2 Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea.,3 Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea.,2 Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University , Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea
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Wu YX, Jian TY, Lv H, Ding XQ, Zuo YY, Ren BR, Chen J, Li WL. Antitussive and expectorant properties of growing and fallen leaves of loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica ). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Jiang WP, Huang SS, Matsuda Y, Saito H, Uramaru N, Ho HY, Wu JB, Huang GJ. Protective Effects of Tormentic Acid, a Major Component of Suspension Cultures of Eriobotrya japonica Cells, on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050830. [PMID: 28524081 PMCID: PMC6154347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can cause hepatotoxicity and lead to fatal liver damage. The hepatoprotective effects of tormentic acid (TA) on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage were investigated in mice. TA was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered for six days prior to APAP administration. Pretreatment with TA prevented the elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (T-Bil), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), and liver lipid peroxide levels in APAP-treated mice and markedly reduced APAP-induced histological alterations in liver tissues. Additionally, TA attenuated the APAP-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-6. Furthermore, the Western blot analysis showed that TA blocked the protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation in APAP-injured liver tissues. TA also retained the superoxidase dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in the liver. These results suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of TA may be related to its anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK activation. Antioxidative properties were also observed, as shown by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction in the liver, and decreases in lipid peroxides and ROS. Therefore, TA may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuda
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Naoto Uramaru
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281, Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 3620806, Japan.
| | - Hui-Ya Ho
- Jen Li Biotech Company Ltd., Taiping District, Taichung 41143, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih R., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Chen B, Long P, Sun Y, Meng Q, Liu X, Cui H, Lv Q, Zhang L. The chemical profiling of loquat leaf extract by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS and its effects on hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in rats induced by a high-fat and fructose diet. Food Funct 2017; 8:687-694. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of loquat leaf extract (LLE) on pancreatic α-amylase, α-glucosidase and hyperlipidemia were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- China
| | - Piaopiao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- China
| | - Qilu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- China
| | - Xingxun Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (IAPPST)
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science
- Beijing
- China
| | - Huanhuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- China
| | - Qingya Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei 230036
- China
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Rizvi W, Fayazuddin M, Singh O, Naeem SS, Moin S, Akhtar K, Kumar A. Cytokine Attenuation and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of a New Flavanone7,4'-Dihydroxy-3″,3″-Dimethyl -(5,6-Pyrano-2″-One)- 8- (3‴,3‴-Dimethyl Allyl)- Isolated from Mallotus philippensis: Possible Mechanism for Its Anti-Inflammatory Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167294. [PMID: 27941980 PMCID: PMC5152807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mallotus philippensis L.(MP) commonly known as Kamala tree in Hindi,is a small to medium-sized monoecious tree.The objective of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of MPand a new flavanoneisolated from it by using in vivo models of inflammation.Albino wistar rats of either sex weighing 150-200g were used. Seven groups were made (n = 6), namely normal control group (normal saline, 1 ml/kg), standard control group (acetylsalicylic acid, 100 mg/kg), methanol crude extract (300 and 500 mg/kg), ethylacetate fraction (300 and 500 mg/kg) and active compound 4 (new flavanone, 50 mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan induced paw edema method and cotton pellet granuloma method. Levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1and IL-6) and activity of antioxidant enzymeslike catalase and glutathione peroxidase were estimated. It was found that the methanol extract, ethylacetate fraction and Flavanonedemonstrated significant reduction in paw edema in carrageenan induced paw edema method as compared to control. They also diminished the serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 levels. Significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde levels and increased the activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in paw tissue. Similarly there was asignificant decrease in granuloma formation in cotton pellet induced granuloma method. In conclusion, MP extracts and the newflavanonepossess anti-inflammatory activity and this might be due to the inhibition of various cytokines and increased free radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseeem Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal NehruMedical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohd Fayazuddin
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal NehruMedical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Ompal Singh
- Chemical Research Unit Department of research in Unani Medicine Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Syed Shariq Naeem
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal NehruMedical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Shagufta Moin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal NehruMedical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal NehruMedical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal NehruMedical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Biological Activities of Extracts from Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.): A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121983. [PMID: 27929430 PMCID: PMC5187783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a subtropical fruit tree with high medicinal value native to China. Different organs of loquat have been used historically as folk medicines and this has been recorded in Chinese history for thousands of years. Research shows that loquat extracts contain many antioxidants, and different extracts exhibit bioactivity capable of counteracting inflammation, diabetes, cancer, bacterial infection, aging, pain, allergy and other health issues. Bioactive compounds such as phenolics and terpenoids have been isolated and characterized to provide a better understanding of the chemical mechanisms underlying the biological activities of loquat extracts. As the identification of compounds progresses, studies investigating the in vivo metabolism, bioavailability, and structure–activity relationships, as well as potential toxicity of loquat extracts in animal or cell models are receiving more attention. In addition, genetic studies and breeding of loquat germplasms for high contents of health-benefiting compounds may provide new insight for the loquat industry and research. This review is focused on the main medicinal properties reported and the possible pharmaceutically active compounds identified in different loquat extracts.
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Chemical Constituents of Ganoderma pfeifferi and their Inhibitory Effect on Nitric Oxide Production. Chem Nat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhao Q, Ye J, Wei N, Fong C, Dong X. Protection against MPP(+)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells by tormentic acid via the activation of PI3-K/Akt/GSK3β pathway. Neurochem Int 2016; 97:117-23. [PMID: 26994872 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) could be ascribed to the progressive and selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and thus molecules with neuroprotective ability may have therapeutic value against PD. In the current study, the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of tormentic acid (TA), a naturally occurring triterpene extracted from medicinal plants such as Rosa rugosa and Potentilla chinensis, were evaluated in a widely used cellular PD model in which neurotoxicity was induced by MPP(+) in cultured SH-SY5Y cells. We found that TA at 1-30 μM substantially protected against MPP(+)-induced neurotoxicity, as evidenced by the increase in cell viability, decrease in lactate dehydrogenase release and the reduction in apoptotic nuclei. Moreover, TA effectively inhibited the elevated intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species as well as Bax/Bcl-2 ratio caused by MPP(+). Most importantly, TA markedly reversed the inhibition of protein expression of phosphorylated Akt (Ser 473) and phosphorylated GSK3β (Ser 9) caused by MPP(+). LY294002, the specific inhibitor of PI3-K, significantly abrogated the up-regulated phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated GSK3β offered by TA, suggesting that the neuroprotection of TA was mainly dependent on the activation of PI3-K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. The results taken together indicate that TA may be a potential candidate for further preclinical study aimed at the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Linzi Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Neurology, Linzi Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chichun Fong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoli Dong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Tormentic acid in foods exerts anti-proliferation efficacy through inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Wang Q, Sun Q, Ma X, Rao Z, Li H. Probing the binding interaction of human serum albumin with three bioactive constituents of Eriobotrta japonica leaves: Spectroscopic and molecular modeling approaches. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 148:268-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jian CX, Li MZ, Zheng WY, He Y, Ren Y, Wu ZM, Fan QS, Hu YH, Li CJ. Tormentic acid inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response in human gingival fibroblasts via inhibition of TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathway. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1327-32. [PMID: 26123747 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent oral diseases, which is associated with inflammation of the tooth-supporting tissues. Tormentic acid (TA), a triterpene isolated from Rosa rugosa, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of TA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). METHODS The levels of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and chemokines such as IL-8 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), IκBα, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS The results showed that Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS significantly upregulated the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. TA inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TA inhibited LPS-induced TLR4 expression; NF-κB activation; IκBα degradation; and phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and P38. CONCLUSION TA inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory response in HGFs by suppressing the TLR4-mediated NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Xiang Jian
- Department of Stomatolog, PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, PR China; Chengdu Military Garrison Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 650032, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhe Li
- Department of Stomatolog, PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Yin Zheng
- Department of Stomatolog, PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Stomatolog, PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Stomatolog, PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Zhong-Min Wu
- Department of Stomatolog, PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Quan-Shui Fan
- Chengdu Military Garrison Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 650032, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yong-He Hu
- Chengdu Military Garrison Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 650032, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chen-Jun Li
- Department of Stomatolog, PLA General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu 610083, Sichuan Province, PR China.
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Anti-inflammatory activities of cardamonin from Alpinia katsumadai through heme oxygenase-1 induction and inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway in the carrageenan-induced paw edema. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 25:332-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Rizvi W, Fayazuddin M, Shariq S, Singh O, Moin S, Akhtar K, Kumar A. Anti-inflammatory activity of roots of Cichorium intybus due to its inhibitory effect on various cytokines and antioxidant activity. Anc Sci Life 2015; 34:44-9. [PMID: 25737610 PMCID: PMC4342649 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.150780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cichorium intybus L. commonly known as chicory is one of the important medicinal plants commonly used in Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is commonly used for the treatment of diseases involving a khapa and pitta doshas. Traditionally, C. intybus is used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, but there are only few in vitro studies reporting the anti-inflammatory activity of roots of chicory. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of roots of chicory and mechanisms involved in it using in vivo models of inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Albino Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150-200 g were used. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of roots of chicory were prepared with the help of Soxhlet's apparatus. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan-induced paw edema method and cotton pellet granuloma method. Levels of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-1 and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated. RESULTS Chicory roots demonstrated significant dose-dependent decrease in paw edema in carrageenan-induced paw edema method. Chicory roots diminished the serum TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 levels. They also significantly attenuated the malonylaldehyde levels and increased the activities of CAT and GPx in paw tissue. Similarly, chicory roots demonstrated a significant decrease in granuloma formation in cotton pellet induced granuloma method. CONCLUSION Chicory roots possess anti-inflammatory activity, and this might be due to the inhibition of various cytokines, antioxidant effects, and their free radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Fayazuddin
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Syed Shariq
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ompal Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shagufta Moin
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kafil Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Flavonoids from the Fruits of Desmos cochinchinesis var. fulvecens and Their Inhibitory Effects on No Production. Chem Nat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-015-1226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ma A, Wang Y, Zhang Q. Tormentic acid reduces inflammation in BV-2 microglia by activating the liver X receptor alpha. Neuroscience 2014; 287:9-14. [PMID: 25497374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tormentic acid (TA) has been reported to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. However, the effects of TA on neuroinflammation have not been reported. In this study, we investigated whether TA inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in BV2 microglia cells. BV2 microglia cells were treated with TA for 1h before exposure to LPS. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) was detected by western blotting. The expression of cytokines Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1β) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results showed that TA inhibited nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 expression. TA also inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β expression. Furthermore, TA could activate LXRα and inhibit LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Knowdown of LXRα reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of TA. In conclusion, our results indicate that TA exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells by activating LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ma
- Department of Neurology, He Bei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shi Jiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Nephrology, He Bei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shi Jiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Neurology, He Bei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shi Jiazhuang 050000, China.
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Wu JB, Kuo YH, Lin CH, Ho HY, Shih CC. Tormentic acid, a major component of suspension cells of Eriobotrya japonica, suppresses high-fat diet-induced diabetes and hyperlipidemia by glucose transporter 4 and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10717-10726. [PMID: 25317836 DOI: 10.1021/jf503334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects and mechanism of tormentic acid (PTA) on diabetes and dyslipidemia in high-fat (HF)-fed mice. Feeding C57BL/6J mice with a HF diet for 12 weeks induced type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. During the last 4 weeks, the mice were given orally PTA (at two dosages) or rosiglitazone (Rosi) or water. In this study, the HF diet increased glucose, triglyceride, insulin, and leptin levels, whereas PTA effectively prevented these phenomena and ameliorated insulin resistance. PTA reduced visceral fat mass and hepatic triacylglycerol contents; moreover, PTA significantly decreased both the area of adipocytes and ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes. PTA caused increased skeletal muscular AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and Akt phosphorylation and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) proteins, but reduced the hepatic expressions of phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase) genes. PTA enhanced skeletal muscular Akt phosphorylation and increased insulin sensitivity. PTA also enhanced phospho-AMPK in the liver. Therefore, it is possible that the activation of AMPK by PTA results in decreasing hepatic glucose production while increasing skeletal muscular GLUT4 contents, thus contributing to attenuating the diabetic state. Moreover, PTA exhibits an antihyperlipidemic effect by down-regulations of the hepatic sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III) and an increased peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α expression, thus resulting in decreases in blood triglycerides. These findings demonstrated that PTA was effective for the treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidemia in HF-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Bin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and ‡Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University , Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
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Ginsenoside-Rd exhibits anti-inflammatory activities through elevation of antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibition of JNK and ERK activation in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 17:1094-100. [PMID: 24455777 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study has reported that ginsenoside-Rd significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators in carrageenan (Carr)-induced rat paw edema, which might be due to its blocking of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The aim of the present study was to clarify the more detailed mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenoside-Rd in Carr-induced rat paw edema model. Rats were pretreated with dexamethasone or ginsenoside-Rd 1 h before the Carr injection. Six hours after Carr injection, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities in inflamed paw tissues were determined. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in serum were measured. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and NF-κB were detected by western blot. In addition, the extent of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) was analyzed by western blot. The results showed that ginsenoside-Rd significantly attenuated MPO activity and MDA level, increased the activities of SOD, GPx and CAT, lowered the levels of NO and PGE2, down-regulated the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB, and suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. Taken together, the possible mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenoside-Rd were: it could reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration into inflammatory sites, inhibit the tissue lipid peroxidation, increase the antioxidant enzyme activities, and suppress the proinflammatory enzyme expressions through the downregulation of NF-κB activation via suppression of ERK and JNK phosphorylation.
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The constituents of Michelia compressa var. formosana and their bioactivities. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10926-35. [PMID: 24941253 PMCID: PMC4100189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the heartwood of Michelia compressa afforded forty-four compounds, which were identified by comparison of experimental and literature analytical and spectroscopic data. Some compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and anticancer bioactivities. The result showed that soemerine (1) and cyathisterol (2) exhibited significant nitric oxide (NO) inhibition, with IC50 values of 8.5±0.3 and 9.6±0.5 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, liriodenine (3) and oliveroline (4) exhibited cytotoxicity to human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC-TW01), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H226), T cell leukemia (Jurkat), renal carcinoma (A498), lung carcinoma (A549) and fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 15.7-3.68 μM.
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Jóźwiak A, Jóźwiak G, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. Simultaneous HPLC determination of pomolic, ursolic and euscaphic/tormentic acids in roots and rhizomes of variousPotentillaspecies. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kamble SM, Goyal SN, Patil CR. Multifunctional pentacyclic triterpenoids as adjuvants in cancer chemotherapy: a review. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective adjuvants in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika M. Kamble
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Drug Discovery Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacology
- R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Shirpur, Dist. Dhule, India
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Huang GJ, Deng JS, Huang SS, Wang SY, Chang YS, Kuo YH. Bioassay guided isolation and identification of anti-inflammatory active compounds from the root of Ficus formosana. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11008-11015. [PMID: 24200240 DOI: 10.1021/jf4033766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Activity-directed fractionation and purification processes were employed to identify the anti-inflammatory active compounds using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) in vitro. Air-dried roots of Ficus formosana were extracted with methanol and separated into n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water layers. Among them, the chloroform layer showed strong activity and was subjected to separation and purification by using various chromatographic techniques. Five compounds showing potent activity were identified by comparing spectral data to be β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, psoralen, kaempferol, carpachromene, and syringic aldehyde. When macrophages were treated with psoralen and kaempferol together with LPS, a concentration-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) productions were detected. Western blotting revealed that kaempferol, psoralen, and carpachromene blocked protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The results confirmed that the traditional use of F. formosana could be a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Sánchez-Fidalgo S, da Silva MS, Cárdeno A, Aparicio-Soto M, Salvador MJ, Frankland Sawaya ACH, Souza-Brito ARM, de la Lastra CA. Abarema cochliacarpos reduces LPS-induced inflammatory response in murine peritoneal macrophages regulating ROS-MAPK signal pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:140-147. [PMID: 23792124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby and Grimes (Fabaceae), known by the vulgar name of Babatenã, has been traditionally used in Northeast Brazil, as an anti-inflammatory remedy. Previous studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory and antiulcer effects in skin lesion, alcohol gastric ulcer and acute and chronic colitis. AIMS The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the butanolic fraction from A. cochliacarpos (BFAC) and its major flavonoid, (+)-catechin, in LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, we studied the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)s and NF-kB signaling pathways possibly involved in the beneficial effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The quantification of the extract was carried out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Cell viability was determined using SRB assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed by Griess method and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by fluorescence analysis. In addition, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, MAPK activation and IkappaBalpha (IKBα) degradation, were determined by Western blot. RESULTS After BFAC characterization, (+)-catechin was revealed as its major constituent. Both BFAC and (+)-catechin, exerted significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects inhibiting LPS-induced intracellular ROS and NO production in peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, the extract but also its major component reduced pro-inflammatory proteins expression probably through c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the beneficial effects of BFAC might be mediated, at least in part, by the presence of (+)-catechin. Conclusively our findings confirm the potential of A. cochliacarpos as a new therapeutic strategy for the management of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sánchez-Fidalgo
- Department Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain
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Thang TD, Kuo PC, Huang GJ, Hung NH, Huang BS, Yang ML, Luong NX, Wu TS. Chemical constituents from the leaves of Annona reticulata and their inhibitory effects on NO production. Molecules 2013; 18:4477-86. [PMID: 23591927 PMCID: PMC6270106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18044477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the chemical investigation of the leaves of Annona reticulata has resulted in the identification of nine compounds, including annonaretin A, (1), a new triterpenoid. The purified compounds were subjected to the examination of their effects on NO inhibition in LPS-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages and most of them exhibited significant NO inhibition, with IC50 values in the range of 48.6 ± 1.2 and 99.8 ± 0.4 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Dinh Thang
- Department of Chemistry, Vinh University, Vinh 42000, Vietnam; E-Mail: (T.D.T.)
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan; E-Mail: (P.-C.K.)
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Nguyen Huy Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Vinh University, Vinh 42000, Vietnam; E-Mail: (T.D.T.)
| | - Bow-Shin Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan; E-Mail: (P.-C.K.)
| | - Mei-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ngo Xuan Luong
- Department of Natural Science, Hong Duc University, Thanhhoa 41000, Vietnam
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-6-275-7575 (ext. 65333); Fax: +886-6-274-0552
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Liao JC, Huang SS, Deng JS, Lee CY, Lin YC, Huang GJ. Chemical Characterization and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Actinidia callosa var. ephippioides via Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:405-23. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Actinidia callosa var. ephippioides (ACE) has been widely used to treat anti-pyretic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammation, abdominal pain and fever in Taiwan. This study aims to determine the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activities of ethyl acetate fraction of ACE (EA-ACE) using a model of λ-carrageenan (Carr)-induced paw edema in mouse model. In HPLC analysis, chemical characterization of EA-ACE was established. In order to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of EA-ACE, we have detected the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the paw edema. Serum NO, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were evaluated. Chemical characterization from HPLC indicated that EA-ACE contains betulinic acid, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. In the anti-inflammatory test, EA-ACE decreased the paw edema after Carr administration, increased the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx and decreased the MDA level in the edema paw at the 5th hr after Carr injection. EA-ACE affects the serum NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels at the 5th hr after Carr injection. EA-ACE decreased Carr-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions by Western blotting. Actinidia callosa var. ephippioides have the potential to provide a therapeutic approach to inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Liao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Shyun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shyan Deng
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ying Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Lin
- Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Shen DY, Juang SH, Kuo PC, Huang GJ, Chan YY, Damu AG, Wu TS. Chemical constituents from Andrographis echioides and their anti-inflammatory activity. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 14:496-514. [PMID: 23271366 PMCID: PMC3565277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14010496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the whole plants of Andrographis echioides afforded two new 2'-oxygenated flavonoids (1) and (2), two new phenyl glycosides (3) and (4), along with 37 known structures. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by spectral analysis and chemical transformation studies. Among the isolated compounds, (1-2) and (6-19) were subjected into the examination for their iNOS inhibitory bioactivity. The structure-activity relationships of the flavonoids for their inhibition of NO production were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Yang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; E-Mail: (D.-Y.S.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Shin-Hun Juang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 632, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Yi Chan
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Amooru G. Damu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; E-Mail: (D.-Y.S.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; E-Mail: (D.-Y.S.); (A.G.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-6-2757575 (ext. 65333); Fax: +886-6-2740552
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Wang Y, Liu M, Zheng L, Yin L, Xu L, Qi Y, Ma X, Liu K, Peng J. Preparative purification of five bioactive components from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:1977-84. [PMID: 22865760 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection or evaporative light-scattering detection was successfully applied for preparative separation of five bioactive compounds from Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. In preliminary process, D101 macroporous resin was used to separate the crude extract of the plant and four fractions (20, 40, 50, and 60% aqueous ethanol elutions) were produced. Then, these fractions were directly subjected to HSCCC purification. Five chemicals including taxifolin-3-glucoside (6.4 mg), quercetin-3-rhamnoside (13.0 mg), tiliroside (14.7 mg), agrimonolide (21.4 mg), and tormentic acid (29.8 mg) with the purities of 94.24, 95.37, 97.42, 95.29, and 96.34% were separated from each 200 mg prepared fraction. The purities were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the chemical structures of the products were identified by UV detection, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and the standards. This paper used a simple method to separate five bioactive compounds from A. pilosa Ledeb, and it could provide a new idea for the purification of bioactive compounds from other medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Antioxidant, Antinociceptive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities from Actinidia callosa var. callosa In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:129152. [PMID: 23227095 PMCID: PMC3514003 DOI: 10.1155/2012/129152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Actinidia callosa var. callosa has been widely used to treat antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammation, abdominal pain, and fever in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-)induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages and pawedema induced by λ-carrageenan activities of the methanol extract from A. callosa. In HPLC analysis, the fingerprint chromatogram of ethyl-acetate fraction of A. callosa (EAAC) was established. EAAC showed the highest TEAC and DPPH radical scavenging activities, respectively. We evaluated that EAAC and the reference compound of catechin and caffeic acid decreased the LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Treatment of male ICR mice with EAAC significantly inhibited the numbers of acetic acid-induced writhing response and the formalin-induced pain in the late phase. Administration of EAAC showed a concentration-dependent inhibition on paw edema development after Carr treatment in mice. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of EAAC might be correlated to the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in vitro and in vivo. Overall, the results showed that EAAC demonstrated antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activity, which supports previous claims of the traditional use for inflammation and pain.
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Csuk R, Siewert B, Dressel C, Schäfer R. Tormentic acid derivatives: synthesis and apoptotic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 56:237-45. [PMID: 22995818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Several derivatives of tormentic acid have been prepared and tested for their antitumor activity. The dichloroacetate 14 is an excellent antitumor active agent acting by an apoptose inducing pathway as demonstrated by OA/PI staining, DNA laddering experiments as well as by an annexin V binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Csuk
- Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Involvement of Heme Oxygenase-1 Participates in Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Aqueous Extract of Hibiscus taiwanensis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:132859. [PMID: 22778769 PMCID: PMC3388519 DOI: 10.1155/2012/132859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory effects of the aqueous extract of Hibiscus taiwanensis (AHT) were used in lipopolysaccharide (LPS-)stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells and carrageenan (Carr-)induced mouse paw edema model. When RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with AHT together with LPS, a concentration-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels productions were detected. Western blotting revealed that AHT blocked protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and elevated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), significantly. In the animal test, AHT decreased the paw edema at the 4th and the 5th h after Carr administration, and it increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the paw tissue. We also demonstrated AHT decreased the NO, TNF-α, and PGE2 levels on the serum level at the 5th h after the Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that AHT decreased Carr-induced iNOS, and COX-2, and increased HO-1 expressions at the 5th h in the edema paw. These findings demonstrated that AHT has excellent anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo and thus it has great potential to be used as a source for natural health products.
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Anti-inflammatory activities of inotilone from Phellinus linteus through the inhibition of MMP-9, NF-κB, and MAPK activation in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35922. [PMID: 22590514 PMCID: PMC3348146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inotilone was isolated from Phellinus linteus. The anti-inflammatory effects of inotilone were studied by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells and λ-carrageenan (Carr)-induced hind mouse paw edema model. Inotilone was tested for its ability to reduce nitric oxide (NO) production, and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Inotilone was tested in the inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38], and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 protein expressions in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. When RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with inotilone together with LPS, a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of NO production was detected. Western blotting revealed that inotilone blocked the protein expression of iNOS, NF-κB, and MMP-9 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, significantly. Inotilone also inhibited LPS-induced ERK, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation. In in vivo tests, inotilone decreased the paw edema at the 4th and the 5th h after Carr administration, and it increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). We also demonstrated that inotilone significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the edema paw at the 5th h after Carr injection. Inotilone decreased the NO and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels on serum at the 5th h after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that inotilone decreased Carr-induced iNOS, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), NF-κB, and MMP-9 expressions at the 5th h in the edema paw. An intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection treatment with inotilone diminished neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation, as did indomethacin (Indo). The anti-inflammatory activities of inotilone might be related to decrease the levels of MDA, iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, and MMP-9 and increase the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx in the paw edema through the suppression of TNF-α and NO. This study presents the potential utilization of inotilone, as a lead for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cinnamomum cassia Constituents In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:429320. [PMID: 22536283 PMCID: PMC3318905 DOI: 10.1155/2012/429320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Cinnamomum cassia constituents (cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, cinnamic acid, and coumarin) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) and carrageenan (Carr)-induced mouse paw edema model. When RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with cinnamic aldehyde together with LPS, a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels productions were detected. Western blotting revealed that cinnamic aldehyde blocked protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB), and IκBα, significantly. In the anti-inflammatory test, cinnamic aldehyde decreased the paw edema after Carr administration, and increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the paw tissue. We also demonstrated cinnamic aldehyde attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the edema paw after Carr injection. Cinnamic aldehyde decreased the NO, TNF-α, and PGE2 levels on the serum level after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that cinnamic aldehyde decreased Carr-induced iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB expressions in the edema paw. These findings demonstrated that cinnamic aldehyde has excellent anti-inflammatory activities and thus has great potential to be used as a source for natural health products.
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Huang GJ, Deng JS, Liao JC, Hou WC, Wang SY, Sung PJ, Kuo YH. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 participate in anti-inflammatory activity of imperatorin from Glehnia littoralis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1673-1681. [PMID: 22188242 DOI: 10.1021/jf204297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of imperatorin, a compound isolated from the roots of Glehnia littoralis, using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) in vitro and a carrageenan (Carr)-induced mouse paw edema model in vivo. When RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with imperatorin together with LPS, a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of NO production was detected. Western blotting revealed that imperatorin blocked the protein expression of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages significantly. In the anti-inflammatory test, imperatorin decreased the paw edema at 4 and 5 h after Carr administration and increased the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase in paw edema. We also demonstrated that imperatorin significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde level in the edema paw at the fifth hour after Carr injection. Imperatorin decreased the NO and tumor necrosis factor and prostaglandin E2 levels on serum at 5 h after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that imperatorin decreased Carr-induced iNOS and COX-2 expressions at 5 h in edema paw. An intraperitoneal injection treatment with imperatorin also diminished neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation as did indomethacin. The results suggested that imperatorin had anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and Carr-injected mice, respectively. In addition, inhibition of elevated iNOS and COX-2 protein expression as well as neutrophil infiltration of Carr-injected paws may be involved in the beneficial effects of imperatorin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jhong Huang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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