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Postiglione AE, Adams LL, Ekhator ES, Odelade AE, Patwardhan S, Chaudhari M, Pardue AS, Kumari A, LeFever WA, Tornow OP, Kaoud TS, Neiswinger J, Jeong JS, Parsonage D, Nelson KJ, Kc DB, Furdui CM, Zhu H, Wommack AJ, Dalby KN, Dong M, Poole LB, Keyes JD, Newman RH. Hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of ERK2 within its D-recruitment site alters its substrate selection. iScience 2023; 26:107817. [PMID: 37744034 PMCID: PMC10514464 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are dysregulated in many pervasive diseases. Recently, we discovered that ERK1/2 is oxidized by signal-generated hydrogen peroxide in various cell types. Since the putative sites of oxidation lie within or near ERK1/2's ligand-binding surfaces, we investigated how oxidation of ERK2 regulates interactions with the model substrates Sub-D and Sub-F. These studies revealed that ERK2 undergoes sulfenylation at C159 on its D-recruitment site surface and that this modification modulates ERK2 activity differentially between substrates. Integrated biochemical, computational, and mutational analyses suggest a plausible mechanism for peroxide-dependent changes in ERK2-substrate interactions. Interestingly, oxidation decreased ERK2's affinity for some D-site ligands while increasing its affinity for others. Finally, oxidation by signal-generated peroxide enhanced ERK1/2's ability to phosphorylate ribosomal S6 kinase A1 (RSK1) in HeLa cells. Together, these studies lay the foundation for examining crosstalk between redox- and phosphorylation-dependent signaling at the level of kinase-substrate selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E. Postiglione
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Laquaundra L. Adams
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Ese S. Ekhator
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Anuoluwapo E. Odelade
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Supriya Patwardhan
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Meenal Chaudhari
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Department of Computational Data Science and Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Virginia at Wise, Wise, VA 24293, USA
| | - Avery S. Pardue
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Anjali Kumari
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - William A. LeFever
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Olivia P. Tornow
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA
| | - Tamer S. Kaoud
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Johnathan Neiswinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biology, Belhaven University, Jackson, MS 39202, USA
| | - Jun Seop Jeong
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Derek Parsonage
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kimberly J. Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Dukka B. Kc
- Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew J. Wommack
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268, USA
| | - Kevin N. Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
| | - Leslie B. Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jeremiah D. Keyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Biology, Penn State University Behrend, Erie, PA 16563, USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert H. Newman
- Department of Biology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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The ATX-LPA Axis Regulates Vascular Permeability during Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084138. [PMID: 35456953 PMCID: PMC9024554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial permeability is a major complication that must be addressed during stroke treatment. Study of the mechanisms underlying blood−brain barrier (BBB) disruption and management of the hypoxic stress-induced permeability of the endothelium following reperfusion are both urgently needed for stroke management. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid essential for basic cellular functions, causes unfavorable outcomes during stroke progression. LPA-producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX) is regulated in ischemic stroke. We used an electrical cell-substrate impedance sensor (ECIS) to measure endothelial permeability. Mitochondrial bioenergetics were obtained using a Seahorse analyzer. AR-2 probe fluorescence assay was used to measure ATX activity. LPA increased endothelial permeability and reduced junctional protein expression in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (MBMEC). LPA receptor inhibitors Ki16425 and AM095 attenuated the LPA-induced changes in the endothelial permeability and junctional proteins. LPA significantly diminished mitochondrial function in MBMEC. ATX was upregulated (p < 0.05) in brain microvascular endothelial cells under hypoxic reperfusion. ATX activity and permeability were attenuated with the use of an ATX inhibitor in a mouse stroke model. The upregulation of ATX with hypoxic reperfusion leads to LPA production in brain endothelial cells favoring permeability. Inhibition of the ATX−LPA−LPAR axis could be therapeutically targeted in stroke to achieve better outcomes.
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Lara-Rojas F, Sarmiento-López LG, Pascual-Morales E, Ryken SE, Bezanilla M, Cardenas L. Using DCP-Rho1 as a fluorescent probe to visualize sulfenic acid-containing proteins in living plant cells. Methods Enzymol 2022; 683:291-308. [PMID: 37087193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among the biologically relevant reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has special properties. H2O2 can diffuse across membranes, has a low reactivity, and is very stable. Deprotonated cysteine residues in proteins can be oxidized by H2O2 into a highly reactive sulfenic acid derivative (-SOH), which can react with another cysteine to form a disulfide. Under higher oxidative stress the sulfenic acid undergo further oxidation to sulfinic acid (Cys-SO2H), which can subsequently be reduced. The sulfinic acid can be hyperoxidized to sulfonic acid (Cys-SO3H), whose reduction is irreversible. Formation of sulfenic acids can have a role in sensing oxidative stress, signal transduction, modulating localization and activity to regulate protein functions. Therefore, there is an emerging interest in trying to understand the pool of proteins that result in these sorts of modification in response to oxidative stress. This is known as the sulfenome and several approaches have been developed in animal and plant cells to analyze the sulfenome under different stress responses. These approaches can be proteomic, molecular, immunological (i.e., antibodies), or expressing genetically encoded probes that specifically react to sulfenic modifications. In this chapter, we describe an additional approach that allows visualization of sulfenic modification in vivo. This is newly developed fluorescent probe DCP-Rho1 can be implemented in any plant cell to analyze the sulfenic modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Lara-Rojas
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | | | - Edgar Pascual-Morales
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Samantha E Ryken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Luis Cardenas
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8388258. [PMID: 34659640 PMCID: PMC8516553 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8388258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) arises when the body is subjected to harmful endogenous or exogenous factors that overwhelm the antioxidant system. There is increasing evidence that OS is involved in a number of diseases, including ovarian cancer (OC). OC is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and risk factors include genetic factors, age, infertility, nulliparity, microbial infections, obesity, smoking, etc. OS can promote the proliferation, metastasis, and therapy resistance of OC, while high levels of OS have cytotoxic effects and induce apoptosis in OC cells. This review focuses on the relationship between OS and the development of OC from four aspects: genetic alterations, signaling pathways, transcription factors, and the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, strategies to target aberrant OS in OC are summarized and discussed, with a view to providing new ideas for clinical treatment.
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Batalis S, Rogers LC, Hemphill WO, Mauney CH, Ornelles DA, Hollis T. SAMHD1 Phosphorylation at T592 Regulates Cellular Localization and S-phase Progression. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:724870. [PMID: 34513928 PMCID: PMC8426622 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.724870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SAMHD1 activity is regulated by a network of mechanisms including phosphorylation, oxidation, oligomerization, and others. Significant questions remain about the effects of phosphorylation on SAMHD1 function and activity. We investigated the effects of a SAMHD1 T592E phosphorylation mimic on its cellular localization, catalytic activity, and cell cycle progression. We found that the SAMHD1 T592E is a catalytically active enzyme that is inhibited by protein oxidation. SAMHD1 T592E is retained in the nucleus at higher levels than the wild-type protein during growth factor-mediated signaling. This nuclear localization protects SAMHD1 from oxidation by cytoplasmic reactive oxygen species. The SAMHD1 T592E phosphomimetic further inhibits the cell cycle S/G2 transition. This has significant implications for SAMHD1 function in regulating innate immunity, antiviral response and DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Batalis
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - LeAnn C Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Wayne O Hemphill
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christopher H Mauney
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - David A Ornelles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Thomas Hollis
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Goldblum RR, McClellan M, White K, Gonzalez SJ, Thompson BR, Vang HX, Cohen H, Higgins L, Markowski TW, Yang TY, Metzger JM, Gardner MK. Oxidative stress pathogenically remodels the cardiac myocyte cytoskeleton via structural alterations to the microtubule lattice. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2252-2266.e6. [PMID: 34343476 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the failing heart, the cardiac myocyte microtubule network is remodeled, which contributes to cellular contractile failure and patient death. However, the origins of this deleterious cytoskeletal reorganization are unknown. We now find that oxidative stress, a condition characteristic of heart failure, leads to cysteine oxidation of microtubules. Our electron and fluorescence microscopy experiments revealed regions of structural damage within the microtubule lattice that occurred at locations of oxidized tubulin. The incorporation of GTP-tubulin into these damaged, oxidized regions led to stabilized "hot spots" within the microtubule lattice, which suppressed the shortening of dynamic microtubules. Thus, oxidative stress may act inside of cardiac myocytes to facilitate a pathogenic shift from a sparse microtubule network into a dense, aligned network. Our results demonstrate how a disease condition characterized by oxidative stress can trigger a molecular oxidation event, which likely contributes to a toxic cellular-scale transformation of the cardiac myocyte microtubule network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Goldblum
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark McClellan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyle White
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samuel J Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian R Thompson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hluechy X Vang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Houda Cohen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Todd W Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joseph M Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa K Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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7
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Bang G, Ghil S. BRET analysis reveals interaction between the lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA2 and the lysophosphatidylinositol receptor GPR55 in live cells. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1806-1818. [PMID: 33959968 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and lysophosphatidylinositol bind to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) LPA and GPR55, respectively. LPA2 , a type 2 LPA receptor, and GPR55 are highly expressed in colon cancer and involved in cancer progression. However, crosstalk between the two receptors and potential effects on cellular physiology are not fully understood. Here, using BRET analysis, we found that LPA2 and GPR55 interact in live cells. In the presence of both receptors, LPA2 and/or GPR55 activation facilitated co-internalization, and activation of GPR55, uncoupled with Gαi , induced reduction of intracellular cAMP. Notably, co-activation of receptors synergistically triggered further decline in the cAMP level, promoted cell proliferation, and increased the expression of cancer progression-related genes, suggesting that physical and functional crosstalk between LPA2 and GRR55 is involved in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwantae Bang
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungho Ghil
- Department of Life Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Korea
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8
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Regulation of the Proteolytic Activity of Cysteine Cathepsins by Oxidants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061944. [PMID: 32178437 PMCID: PMC7139492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides their primary involvement in the recycling and degradation of proteins in endo-lysosomal compartments and also in specialized biological functions, cysteine cathepsins are pivotal proteolytic contributors of various deleterious diseases. While the molecular mechanisms of regulation via their natural inhibitors have been exhaustively studied, less is currently known about how their enzymatic activity is modulated during the redox imbalance associated with oxidative stress and their exposure resistance to oxidants. More specifically, there is only patchy information on the regulation of lung cysteine cathepsins, while the respiratory system is directly exposed to countless exogenous oxidants contained in dust, tobacco, combustion fumes, and industrial or domestic particles. Papain-like enzymes (clan CA, family C1, subfamily C1A) encompass a conserved catalytic thiolate-imidazolium pair (Cys25-His159) in their active site. Although the sulfhydryl group (with a low acidic pKa) is a potent nucleophile highly susceptible to chemical modifications, some cysteine cathepsins reveal an unanticipated resistance to oxidative stress. Besides an introductory chapter and peculiar attention to lung cysteine cathepsins, the purpose of this review is to afford a concise update of the current knowledge on molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of cysteine cathepsins by redox balance and by oxidants (e.g., Michael acceptors, reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species).
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9
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Li Z, Forshaw TE, Holmila RJ, Vance SA, Wu H, Poole LB, Furdui CM, King SB. Triphenylphosphonium-Derived Protein Sulfenic Acid Trapping Agents: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Effect on Mitochondrial Function. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:526-534. [PMID: 30784263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Redox-mediated protein modifications control numerous processes in both normal and disease metabolism. Protein sulfenic acids, formed from the oxidation of protein cysteine residues, play a critical role in thiol-based redox signaling. The reactivity of protein sulfenic acids requires their identification through chemical trapping, and this paper describes the use of the triphenylphosphonium (TPP) ion to direct known sulfenic acid traps to the mitochondria, a verified source of cellular reactive oxygen species. Coupling of the TPP group with the 2,4-(dioxocyclohexyl)propoxy (DCP) unit and the bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) group produces two new probes, DCP-TPP and BCN-TPP. DCP-TPP and BCN-TPP react with C165A AhpC-SOH, a model protein sulfenic acid, to form the expected adducts with second-order rate constants of k = 1.1 M-1 s-1 and k = 5.99 M-1 s-1, respectively, as determined by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The TPP group does not alter the rate of DCP-TPP reaction with protein sulfenic acid compared to dimedone but slows the rate of BCN-TPP reaction compared to a non-TPP-containing BCN-OH control by 4.6-fold. The hydrophobic TPP group may interact with the protein, preventing an optimal reaction orientation for BCN-TPP. Unlike BCN-OH, BCN-TPP does not react with the protein persulfide, C165A AhpC-SSH. Extracellular flux measurements using A549 cells show that DCP-TPP and BCN-TPP influence mitochondrial energetics, with BCN-TPP producing a drastic decrease in basal respiration, perhaps due to its faster reaction kinetics with sulfenylated proteins. Further control experiments with BCN-OH, TPP-COOH, and dimedone provide strong evidence for mitochondrial localization and accumulation of DCP-TPP and BCN-TPP. These results reveal the compatibility of the TPP group with reactive sulfenic acid probes as a mitochondrial director and support the use of the TPP group in the design of sulfenic acid traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Department of Chemistry , Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27101 , United States
| | - Tom E Forshaw
- Department of Internal Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States.,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Reetta J Holmila
- Department of Internal Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States.,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Stephen A Vance
- Department of Chemistry , Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27101 , United States.,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States.,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States.,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States.,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
| | - S Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry , Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27101 , United States.,Center for Redox Biology and Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , North Carolina 27157 , United States
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10
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Activated glycine receptors may decrease endosomal NADPH oxidase activity by opposing ClC-3-mediated efflux of chloride from endosomes. Med Hypotheses 2019; 123:125-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Shahin WS, Engelhardt JF. Isolation of Redox-Active Endosomes (Redoxosomes) and Assessment of NOX Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1982:461-472. [PMID: 31172489 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9424-3_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) convey signals essential for proliferation, maintenance, and senescence of a growing list of cell types. Compartmentalization of these signals is integral to cell viability as well as the signaling pathways ROS direct. Redox-active endosomes (redoxosomes) are formed downstream of several ligand-activated receptors. NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a main component of redoxosomes, which recruits multiple proteins (Rac1, NOX2, p67phox, SOD1). Isolation of redoxosomes and evaluation of how superoxide (O2˙-) production directs receptor signaling at the level of the endosome have enabled a better understanding of biologic processes controlled by ROS. In this chapter, we will first review the major signaling pathways that utilize redoxosomes and components that control its redox-dependent functions. We will then outline biochemical and biophysical methods for the isolation and characterization of redoxosome properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weam S Shahin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Center for Gene Therapy, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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12
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Proteomic analysis of microbial induced redox-dependent intestinal signaling. Redox Biol 2018; 20:526-532. [PMID: 30508697 PMCID: PMC6275846 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is regulated in-part by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated in the colonic mucosa following contact with certain lactobacilli. Mechanistically, ROS can modulate protein function through the oxidation of cysteine residues within proteins. Recent advances in cysteine labeling by the Isotope Coded Affinity Tags (ICATs) technique has facilitated the identification of cysteine thiol modifications in response to stimuli. Here, we used ICATs to map the redox protein network oxidized upon initial contact of the colonic mucosa with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). We detected significant LGG-specific redox changes in over 450 proteins, many of which are implicated to function in cellular processes such as endosomal trafficking, epithelial cell junctions, barrier integrity, and cytoskeleton maintenance and formation. We particularly noted the LGG-specific oxidation of Rac1, which is a pleiotropic regulator of many cellular processes. Together, these data reveal new insights into lactobacilli-induced and redox-dependent networks involved in intestinal homeostasis.
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13
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Moldogazieva NT, Lutsenko SV, Terentiev AA. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species-Induced Protein Modifications: Implication in Carcinogenesis and Anticancer Therapy. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6040-6047. [PMID: 30327380 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disorder extremely dependent on its microenvironment and highly regulated by multiple intracellular and extracellular stimuli. Studies show that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) play key roles in cancer initiation and progression. Accumulation of RONS caused by imbalance between RONS generation and activity of antioxidant system (AOS) has been observed in many cancer types. This leads to alterations in gene expression levels, signal transduction pathways, and protein quality control machinery, that is, processes that regulate cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. This review focuses on the latest advancements evidencing that RONS-induced modifications of key redox-sensitive residues in regulatory proteins, that is, cysteine oxidation/S-sulfenylation/S-glutathionylation/S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration, represent important molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis. The oxidative/nitrosative modifications cause alterations in activities of intracellular effectors of MAPK- and PI3K/Akt-mediated signaling pathways, transcription factors (Nrf2, AP-1, NFκB, STAT3, and p53), components of ubiquitin/proteasomal and autophagy/lysosomal protein degradation systems, molecular chaperones, and cytoskeletal proteins. Redox-sensitive proteins, RONS-generating enzymes, and AOS components can serve as targets for relevant anticancer drugs. Chemotherapeutic agents exert their action via RONS generation and induction of cancer cell apoptosis, while drug resistance associates with RONS-induced cancer cell survival; this is exploited in selective anticancer therapy strategies. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6040-7. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbubu T Moldogazieva
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Lutsenko
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Terentiev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Feduska JM, Tse HM. The proinflammatory effects of macrophage-derived NADPH oxidase function in autoimmune diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:81-89. [PMID: 29723665 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease culminating in the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. While ultimately a T cell-mediated disease, macrophages play an indispensable role in disease initiation and progression. Infiltrating macrophages generate an inflammatory environment by releasing NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide and proinflammatory cytokines. The synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is acknowledged as putative factors contributing to autoimmunity and β-cell damage in T1D. In addition to direct lysis, free radicals collectively participate in β-cell destruction by providing a redox-dependent third signal necessary for islet-reactive CD4 and CD8 T cell maturation and by inducing oxidative post-translational modifications of β-cell epitopes to further exacerbate autoimmune responses. This review will provide an overview of macrophage function and a synergistic cross-talk with redox biology that contributes to autoimmune dysregulation in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Feduska
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, United States
| | - Hubert M Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182, United States.
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15
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He Z, Tang F, Lu Z, Huang Y, Lei H, Li Z, Zeng G. Analysis of differentially expressed genes, clinical value and biological pathways in prostate cancer. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1444-1456. [PMID: 29887958 PMCID: PMC5992552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the gene expression changes in prostate cancer (PC) and screen the hub genes and associated pathways of PC progression. The authors employed integrated analysis of GSE46602 downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases to identify 484 consensual differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PC, when compared with adjacent normal tissue samples. Functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and module were constructed. RT-qPCR was used to validate the results in clinical PC samples. Survival analysis of hub genes was performed to explore their clinical value. GO analysis results revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in negative regulation of nitrobenzene metabolic process, extracellular space and protein homodimerization activity. KEGG pathway analysis results revealed that DEGs were most significantly enriched in focal adhesion. The top 10 hub genes were identified to be hub genes from the PPI network, and the model revealed that these genes were enriched in various pathways, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, p53 and glutathione metabolism signaling pathways. RT-qPCR results validated that expression levels of eight genes (PIK3R1, BIRC5, ITGB4, RRM2, TOP2A, ANXA1, LPAR1 and ITGB8) were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. ITGB4 and RRM2 with genetic alterations exhibited association with a poorer survival rate, compared with those without alterations. These results revealed that PC-related genes and pathways have an important role in tumor expansion, metastasis and prognosis. In summary, these hub genes and related pathways may act as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui He
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510230, China
| | - Fucai Tang
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510230, China
| | - Zechao Lu
- First Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510230, China
| | - Yucong Huang
- Third Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510230, China
| | - Hanqi Lei
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510230, China
| | - Zhibiao Li
- Third Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510230, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510230, China
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16
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Rogers LC, Davis RR, Said N, Hollis T, Daniel LW. Blocking LPA-dependent signaling increases ovarian cancer cell death in response to chemotherapy. Redox Biol 2018; 15:380-386. [PMID: 29331665 PMCID: PMC5767563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradoxical role of reactive oxygen species in cell death versus cell survival establishes a delicate balance between chemotherapy efficacy and management of detrimental side effects. Normal proliferative signaling requires that cells remain inside a redox range that allows reversible protein oxidation to occur. Shifting the redox environment toward highly reducing or oxidizing states leads to cellular stress and cell death. Reactive oxygen species produced in response to Taxol and cisplatin treatment are necessary for effective cancer cell killing but the same ROS leads to damaging side effects in normal tissues. Combining antioxidants with chemotherapeutics to alleviate the unwanted side effects produces variable and often undesirable effects on cancer treatment. Here, we describe a more targeted method to improve ovarian cancer cell killing without the need for antioxidants. In ovarian cancer cells, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a prominent growth factor that contributes to tumor survival and proliferation. We find that blocking LPA-dependent signaling with a specific receptor antagonist consistently increases cell death in response to both Taxol and cisplatin. We propose that inhibiting the upregulated growth factor-dependent signaling in cancer cells will target chemo-insensitivity, potentially lowering the necessary dose of the drugs and preventing harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeAnn C Rogers
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Ryan R Davis
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Naveen Said
- Dept. of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Thomas Hollis
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Larry W Daniel
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
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17
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Holmila RJ, Vance SA, Chen X, Wu H, Shukla K, Bharadwaj MS, Mims J, Wary Z, Marrs G, Singh R, Molina AJ, Poole LB, King SB, Furdui CM. Mitochondria-targeted Probes for Imaging Protein Sulfenylation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6635. [PMID: 29703899 PMCID: PMC5923234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential regulators of cellular signaling, metabolism and epigenetics underlying the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. Despite the critical function of redox regulation in mitochondria, currently there are limited methods available to monitor protein oxidation in this key subcellular organelle. Here, we describe compounds for imaging sulfenylated proteins in mitochondria: DCP-NEt2-Coumarin (DCP-NEt2C) and rhodamine-based DCP-Rho1. Side-by-side comparison studies are presented on the reactivity of DCP-NEt2C and DCP-Rho1 with a model protein sulfenic acid (AhpC-SOH) and mitochondrial localization to identify optimized experimental conditions for labeling and visualization of protein sulfenylation that would be independent of mitochondria membrane potential and would not impact mitochondrial function. These probes are applied to image mitochondrial protein sulfenylation under conditions of serum starvation and in a cell culture model of lung cancer exposed to ionizing radiation and silver nanoparticles, agents serving dual functions as environmental stressors and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta J Holmila
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Stephen A Vance
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kirtikar Shukla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Manish S Bharadwaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jade Mims
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Zack Wary
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Glen Marrs
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Anthony J Molina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - S Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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18
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Abstract
A well-regulated redox state is essential for normal physiological function and cellular metabolism. In most eukaryotic cells, protein cysteine thiols are most sensitive to fluctuations in the cellular redox state. Under normal physiological conditions, the cytosol has a highly reducing environment, which is due to high levels of reduced glutathione and complex system of redox enzymes that maintain glutathione in the reduced state. The reducing environment of the cytosol maintains most protein thiols in the reduced state; although some non-exposed cysteine could be present as disulfides. Upon physiological increase in cellular oxidants, such as due to growth factors, cytokines and thiol-disulfide exchange reactions, specific proteins could act as redox switches that regulate the conformation and activity of different proteins. This reversible post translational modification enables redox-sensitive dynamic changes in cell signaling and function. Physiological oxidative stress could lead to the formation of sulfenic acids, which are usually intermediate states of thiol oxidation that are converted to higher order oxidation states, intramolecular disulfides or mixed disulfides with glutathione. Such glutathiolation reactions have been found to regulate the function of several proteins involved in intracellular metabolism, signal transduction and cell structure. Excessive oxidative stress results in indiscriminate and irreversible oxidation of protein thiols, depletion of glutathione and cell death. Further elucidation of the relationship between changes in cell redox and thiol reactivity could provide a better understanding of how redox changes regulate cell function and how disruption of these relationships lead to tissue injury and dysfunction and the development of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid P Baba
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, 40202.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, 40202
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, 40202.,Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, 40202
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19
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Alcock LJ, Perkins MV, Chalker JM. Chemical methods for mapping cysteine oxidation. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:231-268. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00607a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methods to characterise oxidative modifications of cysteine help clarify their role in protein function in both healthy and diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Alcock
- College of Science and Engineering
- Flinders University
- South Australia
- Australia
| | - Michael V. Perkins
- College of Science and Engineering
- Flinders University
- South Australia
- Australia
| | - Justin M. Chalker
- College of Science and Engineering
- Flinders University
- South Australia
- Australia
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20
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Mauney CH, Rogers LC, Harris RS, Daniel LW, Devarie-Baez NO, Wu H, Furdui CM, Poole LB, Perrino FW, Hollis T. The SAMHD1 dNTP Triphosphohydrolase Is Controlled by a Redox Switch. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1317-1331. [PMID: 28398823 PMCID: PMC5655415 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Proliferative signaling involves reversible posttranslational oxidation of proteins. However, relatively few molecular targets of these modifications have been identified. We investigate the role of protein oxidation in regulation of SAMHD1 catalysis. RESULTS Here we report that SAMHD1 is a major target for redox regulation of nucleotide metabolism and cell cycle control. SAMHD1 is a triphosphate hydrolase, whose function involves regulation of deoxynucleotide triphosphate pools. We demonstrate that the redox state of SAMHD1 regulates its catalytic activity. We have identified three cysteine residues that constitute an intrachain disulfide bond "redox switch" that reversibly inhibits protein tetramerization and catalysis. We show that proliferative signals lead to SAMHD1 oxidation in cells and oxidized SAMHD1 is localized outside of the nucleus. Innovation and Conclusions: SAMHD1 catalytic activity is reversibly regulated by protein oxidation. These data identify a previously unknown mechanism for regulation of nucleotide metabolism by SAMHD1. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1317-1331.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Mauney
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - LeAnn C Rogers
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Reuben S Harris
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Masonic Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Virology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Larry W Daniel
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,3 Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Nelmi O Devarie-Baez
- 4 Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- 4 Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- 3 Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,4 Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Leslie B Poole
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,3 Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Fred W Perrino
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Thomas Hollis
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Center for Structural Biology , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,3 Center for Molecular Communication and Signaling , Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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21
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Keyes JD, Parsonage D, Yammani RD, Rogers LC, Kesty C, Furdui CM, Nelson KJ, Poole LB. Endogenous, regulatory cysteine sulfenylation of ERK kinases in response to proliferative signals. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:534-543. [PMID: 28843779 PMCID: PMC5623068 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
ERK-dependent signaling is key to many pathways through which extracellular signals are transduced into cell-fate decisions. One conundrum is the way in which disparate signals induce specific responses through a common, ERK-dependent kinase cascade. While studies have revealed intricate ways of controlling ERK signaling through spatiotemporal localization and phosphorylation dynamics, additional modes of ERK regulation undoubtedly remain to be discovered. We hypothesized that fine-tuning of ERK signaling could occur by cysteine oxidation. We report that ERK is actively and directly oxidized by signal-generated H2O2 during proliferative signaling, and that ERK oxidation occurs downstream of a variety of receptor classes tested in four cell lines. Furthermore, within the tested cell lines and proliferative signals, we observed that both activation loop-phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated ERK undergo sulfenylation in cells and that dynamics of ERK sulfenylation is dependent on the cell growth conditions prior to stimulation. We also tested the effect of endogenous ERK oxidation on kinase activity and report that phosphotransfer reactions are reversibly inhibited by oxidation by as much as 80-90%, underscoring the importance of considering this additional modification when assessing ERK activation in response to extracellular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah D Keyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, USA; Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA
| | - Derek Parsonage
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA
| | - Rama D Yammani
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA
| | - LeAnn C Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, USA
| | - Chelsea Kesty
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, USA; Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA; Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kimberly J Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, USA; Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, USA; Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA.
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22
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Wurzinger B, Mair A, Fischer-Schrader K, Nukarinen E, Roustan V, Weckwerth W, Teige M. Redox state-dependent modulation of plant SnRK1 kinase activity differs from AMPK regulation in animals. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3625-3636. [PMID: 28940407 PMCID: PMC5698759 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily highly conserved SNF1‐related protein kinase (SnRK1) protein kinase is a metabolic master regulator in plants, balancing the critical energy consumption between growth‐ and stress response‐related metabolic pathways. While the regulation of the mammalian [AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)] and yeast (SNF1) orthologues of SnRK1 is well‐characterised, the regulation of SnRK1 kinase activity in plants is still an open question. Here we report that the activity and T‐loop phosphorylation of AKIN10, the kinase subunit of the SnRK1 complex, is regulated by the redox status. Although this regulation is dependent on a conserved cysteine residue, the underlying mechanism is different to the redox regulation of animal AMPK and has functional implications for the regulation of the kinase complex in plants under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Wurzinger
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Mair
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Fischer-Schrader
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Ella Nukarinen
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Roustan
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Teige
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Austria
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23
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Travasso RDM, Sampaio Dos Aidos F, Bayani A, Abranches P, Salvador A. Localized redox relays as a privileged mode of cytoplasmic hydrogen peroxide signaling. Redox Biol 2017; 12:233-245. [PMID: 28279943 PMCID: PMC5339411 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key signaling agent. Its best characterized signaling actions in mammalian cells involve the early oxidation of thiols in cytoplasmic phosphatases, kinases and transcription factors. However, these redox targets are orders of magnitude less H2O2-reactive and abundant than cytoplasmic peroxiredoxins. How can they be oxidized in a signaling time frame? Here we investigate this question using computational reaction-diffusion models of H2O2 signaling. The results show that at H2O2 supply rates commensurate with mitogenic signaling a H2O2 concentration gradient with a length scale of a few tenths of μm is established. Even near the supply sites H2O2 concentrations are far too low to oxidize typical targets in an early mitogenic signaling time frame. Furthermore, any inhibition of the peroxiredoxin or increase in H2O2 supply able to drastically increase the local H2O2 concentration would collapse the concentration gradient and/or cause an extensive oxidation of the peroxiredoxins I and II, inconsistent with experimental observations. In turn, the local concentrations of peroxiredoxin sulfenate and disulfide forms exceed those of H2O2 by several orders of magnitude. Redox targets reacting with these forms at rate constants much lower than that for, say, thioredoxin could be oxidized within seconds. Moreover, the spatial distribution of the concentrations of these peroxiredoxin forms allows them to reach targets within 1 μm from the H2O2 sites while maintaining signaling localized. The recruitment of peroxiredoxins to specific sites such as caveolae can dramatically increase the local concentrations of the sulfenic and disulfide forms, thus further helping these species to outcompete H2O2 for the oxidation of redox targets. Altogether, these results suggest that H2O2 signaling is mediated by localized redox relays whereby peroxiredoxins are oxidized to sulfenate and disulfide forms at H2O2 supply sites and these forms in turn oxidize the redox targets near these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui D M Travasso
- Centro de Física da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC), Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Sampaio Dos Aidos
- Centro de Física da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC), Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anahita Bayani
- Department of Physics & Mathematics, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Pedro Abranches
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armindo Salvador
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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24
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Hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) irreversibly inactivates creatine kinase from Pelodiscus sinensis by targeting the active site cysteine. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:1595-1601. [PMID: 28279764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2, CK) plays an important role in cellular energy metabolism and homeostasis by catalysing the transfer of phosphate between ATP and creatine phosphate. In this study, we investigated the effects of H2O2 on PSCKM (muscle type creatine kinase from Pelodiscus sinensis) by the integrating method between enzyme kinetics and docking simulations. We found that H2O2 strongly inactivated PSCKM (IC50=0.25mM) in a first-order kinetic process, and targeted the active site cysteine directly. A conformational study showed that H2O2 did not induce the tertiary structural changes in PSCKM with no extensive exposure of hydrophobic surfaces. Sequential docking simulations between PSCKM and H2O2 indicated that H2O2 interacts with the ADP binding region of the active site, consistent with experimental results that demonstrated H2O2-induced inactivation. Our study demonstrates the effect of H2O2 on PSCKM enzymatic function and unfolding, and provides important insight into the changes undergone by this central metabolic enzyme in ectothermic animals in response to the environment.
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25
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Lyu Y, Zhen X, Miao Y, Pu K. Reaction-Based Semiconducting Polymer Nanoprobes for Photoacoustic Imaging of Protein Sulfenic Acids. ACS NANO 2017; 11:358-367. [PMID: 27997794 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein sulfenic acids play a key role in oxidative signal transduction of many biological and pathological processes; however, current chemical tools rely on visible fluorescence signals, limiting their utility to in vitro assays. We herein report reaction-based semiconducting polymer nanoprobes (rSPNs) with near-infrared absorption for in vivo photoacoustic (PA) imaging of protein sulfenic acids. rSPNs comprise an optically active semiconducting polymer as the core shielded with inert silica and poly(ethylene glycol) corona. The sulfenic acid reactive group (1,3-cyclohexanedione) is efficiently conjugated to the surface of nanoparticles via click chemistry. Such a nanostructure enables the specific recognition reaction between rSPNs and protein sulfenic acids without compromising the fluorescence and PA properties. In addition to in vitro tracking of the production of protein sulfenic acids in cancer cells under oxidative stress, rSPNs permit real-time PA and fluorescence imaging of protein sulfenic acids in tumors of living mice. This study thus not only demonstrates the first reaction-based PA probes with submolecular level recognition ability but also highlights the opportunities provided by hybrid nanoparticles for advanced molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lyu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637457
| | - Xu Zhen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637457
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637457
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637551
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637457
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26
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Suppression of NADPH Oxidase Activity May Slow the Expansion of Osteolytic Bone Metastases. Healthcare (Basel) 2016; 4:healthcare4030060. [PMID: 27571113 PMCID: PMC5041061 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare4030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), generated in the microenvironment of cancer cells, can drive the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells by activating G protein-coupled LPA receptors. Moreover, in cancer cells that have metastasized to bone, LPA signaling can promote osteolysis by inducing cancer cell production of cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8, which can stimulate osteoblasts to secrete RANKL, a key promoter of osteoclastogenesis. Indeed, in cancers prone to metastasize to bone, LPA appears to be a major driver of the expansion of osteolytic bone metastases. Activation of NADPH oxidase has been shown to play a mediating role in the signaling pathways by which LPA, as well as RANKL, promote osteolysis. In addition, there is reason to suspect that Nox4 activation is a mediator of the feed-forward mechanism whereby release of TGF-beta from bone matrix by osteolysis promotes expression of PTHrP in cancer cells, and thereby induces further osteolysis. Hence, measures which can down-regulate NADPH oxidase activity may have potential for slowing the expansion of osteolytic bone metastases in cancer patients. Phycocyanin and high-dose statins may have utility in this regard, and could be contemplated as complements to bisphosphonates or denosumab for the prevention and control of osteolytic lesions. Ingestion of omega-3-rich flaxseed or fish oil may also have potential for controlling osteolysis in cancer patients.
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Griendling KK, Touyz RM, Zweier JL, Dikalov S, Chilian W, Chen YR, Harrison DG, Bhatnagar A. Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species, Reactive Nitrogen Species, and Redox-Dependent Signaling in the Cardiovascular System: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2016; 119:e39-75. [PMID: 27418630 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are biological molecules that play important roles in cardiovascular physiology and contribute to disease initiation, progression, and severity. Because of their ephemeral nature and rapid reactivity, these species are difficult to measure directly with high accuracy and precision. In this statement, we review current methods for measuring these species and the secondary products they generate and suggest approaches for measuring redox status, oxidative stress, and the production of individual reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We discuss the strengths and limitations of different methods and the relative specificity and suitability of these methods for measuring the concentrations of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species in cells, tissues, and biological fluids. We provide specific guidelines, through expert opinion, for choosing reliable and reproducible assays for different experimental and clinical situations. These guidelines are intended to help investigators and clinical researchers avoid experimental error and ensure high-quality measurements of these important biological species.
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Wang Q, Li W, Qian D, Li Y, Bao N, Gu H, Yu C. Paper–based analytical device for detection of extracellular hydrogen peroxide and its application to evaluate drug–induced apoptosis. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Vázquez-Medina JP, Dodia C, Weng L, Mesaros C, Blair IA, Feinstein SI, Chatterjee S, Fisher AB. The phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 modulates NADPH oxidase 2 activation via lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling in the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar macrophages. FASEB J 2016; 30:2885-98. [PMID: 27178323 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500146r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is essential for activation of NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX2) in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), alveolar macrophages (AMs), and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Angiotensin II and phorbol ester increased superoxide/H2O2 generation in PMVECs, AMs, and isolated lungs from wild-type (WT) mice, but had much less effect on cells or lungs from Prdx6-null or Prdx6-D140A-knock-in mice that lack the phospholipase A2 activity (PLA2) of Prdx6; addition of either lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to cells restored their oxidant generation. The generation of LPC by PMVECs required Prdx6-PLA2 We propose that Prdx6-PLA2 modulates NOX2 activation by generation of LPC that is converted to LPA by the lysophospholipase D activity of autotaxin (ATX/lysoPLD). Inhibition of lysoPLD with HA130 (cells,10 μM; lungs, 20 μM; IC50, 29 nM) decreased agonist-induced oxidant generation. LPA stimulates pathways regulated by small GTPases through binding to G-protein-coupled LPA receptors (LPARs). The LPAR blocker Ki16425 (cells, 10 μM; lungs, 25 μM; Ki, 0.34 μM) or cellular knockdown of LPAR type 1 decreased oxidant generation and blocked translocation of rac1 to plasma membrane. Thus, Prdx6-PLA2 modulates NOX2 activation through generation of LPC for conversion to LPA; binding of LPA to LPAR1 signals rac activation.-Vázquez-Medina, J. P., Dodia, C., Weng, L., Mesaros, C., Blair, I. A., Feinstein, S. I., Chatterjee, S., Fisher, A. B. The phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 modulates NADPH oxidase 2 activation via lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling in the pulmonary endothelium and alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pablo Vázquez-Medina
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Liwei Weng
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Center for Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Shampa Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
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Brewer TF, Garcia FJ, Onak CS, Carroll KS, Chang CJ. Chemical approaches to discovery and study of sources and targets of hydrogen peroxide redox signaling through NADPH oxidase proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 2015; 84:765-90. [PMID: 26034893 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a prime member of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) family of molecules produced during normal cell function and in response to various stimuli, but if left unchecked, it can inflict oxidative damage on all types of biological macromolecules and lead to cell death. In this context, a major source of H2O2 for redox signaling purposes is the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of enzymes, which were classically studied for their roles in phagocytic immune response but have now been found to exist in virtually all mammalian cell types in various isoforms with distinct tissue and subcellular localizations. Downstream of this tightly regulated ROS generation, site-specific, reversible covalent modification of proteins, particularly oxidation of cysteine thiols to sulfenic acids, represents a prominent posttranslational modification akin to phosphorylation as an emerging molecular mechanism for transforming an oxidant signal into a dynamic biological response. We review two complementary types of chemical tools that enable (a) specific detection of H2O2 generated at its sources and (b) mapping of sulfenic acid posttranslational modification targets that mediate its signaling functions, which can be used to study this important chemical signal in biological systems.
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Devarie-Baez NO, Silva Lopez EI, Furdui CM. Biological chemistry and functionality of protein sulfenic acids and related thiol modifications. Free Radic Res 2015; 50:172-94. [PMID: 26340608 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective modification of proteins at cysteine residues by reactive oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur species formed under physiological and pathological states is emerging as a critical regulator of protein activity impacting cellular function. This review focuses primarily on protein sulfenylation (-SOH), a metastable reversible modification connecting reduced cysteine thiols to many products of cysteine oxidation. An overview is first provided on the chemistry principles underlining synthesis, stability and reactivity of sulfenic acids in model compounds and proteins, followed by a brief description of analytical methods currently employed to characterize these oxidative species. The following chapters present a selection of redox-regulated proteins for which the -SOH formation was experimentally confirmed and linked to protein function. These chapters are organized based on the participation of these proteins in the regulation of signaling, metabolism and epigenetics. The last chapter discusses the therapeutic implications of altered redox microenvironment and protein oxidation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelmi O Devarie-Baez
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Elsa I Silva Lopez
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
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Perkins A, Nelson KJ, Parsonage D, Poole LB, Karplus PA. Peroxiredoxins: guardians against oxidative stress and modulators of peroxide signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:435-45. [PMID: 26067716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a ubiquitous family of cysteine-dependent peroxidase enzymes that play dominant roles in regulating peroxide levels within cells. These enzymes, often present at high levels and capable of rapidly clearing peroxides, display a remarkable array of variations in their oligomeric states and susceptibility to regulation by hyperoxidative inactivation and other post-translational modifications. Key conserved residues within the active site promote catalysis by stabilizing the transition state required for transferring the terminal oxygen of hydroperoxides to the active site (peroxidatic) cysteine residue. Extensive investigations continue to expand our understanding of the scope of their importance as well as the structures and forces at play within these critical defense and regulatory enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arden Perkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA
| | - Kimberly J Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Derek Parsonage
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - P Andrew Karplus
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.
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Poole LB. The basics of thiols and cysteines in redox biology and chemistry. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 80:148-57. [PMID: 25433365 PMCID: PMC4355186 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine is one of the least abundant amino acids, yet it is frequently found as a highly conserved residue within functional (regulatory, catalytic, or binding) sites in proteins. It is the unique chemistry of the thiol or thiolate group of cysteine that imparts to functional sites their specialized properties (e.g., nucleophilicity, high-affinity metal binding, and/or ability to form disulfide bonds). Highlighted in this review are some of the basic biophysical and biochemical properties of cysteine groups and the equations that apply to them, particularly with respect to pKa and redox potential. Also summarized are the types of low-molecular-weight thiols present in high concentrations in most cells, as well as the ways in which modifications of cysteinyl residues can impart or regulate molecular functions important to cellular processes, including signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Perkins A, Poole L, Karplus PA. Tuning of peroxiredoxin catalysis for various physiological roles. Biochemistry 2014; 53:7693-705. [PMID: 25403613 PMCID: PMC4270387 DOI: 10.1021/bi5013222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) make up an ancient family of enzymes that are the predominant peroxidases for nearly all organisms and play essential roles in reducing hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite. Even between distantly related organisms, the core protein fold and key catalytic residues related to its cysteine-based catalytic mechanism have been retained. Given that these enzymes appeared early in biology, Prxs have experienced more than 1 billion years of optimization for specific ecological niches. Although their basic enzymatic function remains the same, Prxs have diversified and are involved in roles such as protecting DNA against mutation, defending pathogens against host immune responses, suppressing tumor formation, and--for eukaryotes--helping regulate peroxide signaling via hyperoxidation of their catalytic Cys residues. Here, we review the current understanding of the physiological roles of Prxs by analyzing knockout and knockdown studies from ∼25 different species. We also review what is known about the structural basis for the sensitivity of some eukaryotic Prxs to inactivation by hyperoxidation. In considering the physiological relevance of hyperoxidation, we explore the distribution across species of sulfiredoxin (Srx), the enzyme responsible for rescuing hyperoxidized Prxs. We unexpectedly find that among eukaryotes appearing to have a "sensitive" Prx isoform, some do not contain Srx. Also, as Prxs are suggested to be promising targets for drug design, we discuss the rationale behind recently proposed strategies for their selective inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arden Perkins
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United
States
| | - Leslie
B. Poole
- Department
of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - P. Andrew Karplus
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United
States
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