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Payne FM, Nie S, Diffee GM, Wilkins GT, Larsen DS, Harrison JC, Baldi JC, Sammut IA. The carbon monoxide prodrug oCOm-21 increases Ca 2+ sensitivity of the cardiac myofilament. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15974. [PMID: 38491822 PMCID: PMC10943376 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass procedures require inotropic support to improve hemodynamic function and cardiac output. Current inotropes such as dobutamine, can promote arrhythmias, prompting a demand for improved inotropes with little effect on intracellular Ca2+ flux. Low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) induces inotropic effects in perfused hearts. Using the CO-releasing pro-drug, oCOm-21, we investigated if this inotropic effect results from an increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Male Sprague Dawley rat left ventricular cardiomyocytes were permeabilized, and myofilament force was measured as a function of -log [Ca2+ ] (pCa) in the range of 9.0-4.5 under five conditions: vehicle, oCOm-21, the oCOm-21 control BP-21, and levosimendan, (9 cells/group). Ca2+ sensitivity was assessed by the Ca2+ concentration at which 50% of maximal force is produced (pCa50 ). oCOm-21, but not BP-21 significantly increased pCa50 compared to vehicle, respectively (pCa50 5.52 vs. 5.47 vs. 5.44; p < 0.05). No change in myofilament phosphorylation was seen after oCOm-21 treatment. Pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with the heme scavenger hemopexin, abolished the Ca2+ sensitizing effect of oCOm-21. These results support the hypothesis that oCOm-21-derived CO increases myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity through a heme-dependent mechanism but not by phosphorylation. Further analyses will confirm if this Ca2+ sensitizing effect occurs in an intact heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus M. Payne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- Otago Medical School, Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Samantha Nie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Gary M. Diffee
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Gerard T. Wilkins
- Otago Medical School, Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - David S. Larsen
- School of Science, Department of ChemistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
| | - Joanne C. Harrison
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - James C. Baldi
- Otago Medical School, Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Ivan A. Sammut
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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2
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Wei X, Zhang F, Cheng D, Wang Z, Xing N, Yuan J, Zhang W, Xing F. Free heme induces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment by microglial activation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:16. [PMID: 38183122 PMCID: PMC10768134 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion is related to perioperative neurocognitive disorders. The toxic effect of free heme has been identified in many pathologies. However, the underlying mechanisms of RBCs transfusion or free heme in cognitive impairment have not been clearly explored. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the mechanism of free heme-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. METHODS Rats were received intraperitoneal injection of hemin alone or combined with intracerebroventricular injection of Hemopexin (HPX), and MWM test was conducted to measure cognitive function. The amount of heme-HPX complexes was evaluated by flow cytometry for CD91 + cells. The microglial inflammatory response in rat brain was observed by immunofluorescence staining of Iba-1, and the inflammatory factors of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in rat brain and BV2 cells were detected by ELISA analysis. Furthermore, neuronal apoptosis in HT22 cells alone and in HT22 + BV2 coculture system was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Finally, western blot was conducted to detect TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB proteins in rat brain and BV2 cells treated with hemin or combined with pathway inhibitors. Additionally, the M1 surface marker CD86 was observed in BV2 cells to further confirm neuroinflammation. RESULTS Intraperitoneal injection of hemin induced cognitive impairment, increase of CD91 + cells, up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β, down-regulation of IL-6, activation of microglia, and activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in rat brain. Significantly, intracerebroventricular injection of HPX reduced the above effects. Hemin induced boost of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in BV2 cells, as well as apoptosis in HT22 cells. Notably, when HT22 cells were cocultured with BV2 cells, apoptosis was significantly increased. Hemin also induced activation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and increased the M1 surface marker CD86 in BV2 cells, and inhibiting this pathway reduced the inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS Free heme induces cognitive impairment, and the underlying mechanism may involve neuronal apoptosis and microglial inflammation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. HPX may have potential therapeutic effects. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Na Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition and Emotion, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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3
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Li Y, Chen R, Wang C, Deng J, Luo S. Double-edged functions of hemopexin in hematological related diseases: from basic mechanisms to clinical application. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274333. [PMID: 38022615 PMCID: PMC10653390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now understood that hemolysis and the subsequent release of heme into circulation play a critical role in driving the progression of various diseases. Hemopexin (HPX), a heme-binding protein with the highest affinity for heme in plasma, serves as an effective antagonist against heme toxicity resulting from severe acute or chronic hemolysis. In the present study, changes in HPX concentration were characterized at different stages of hemolytic diseases, underscoring its potential as a biomarker for assessing disease progression and prognosis. In many heme overload-driven conditions, such as sickle cell disease, transfusion-induced hemolysis, and sepsis, endogenous HPX levels are often insufficient to provide protection. Consequently, there is growing interest in developing HPX therapeutics to mitigate toxic heme exposure. Strategies include HPX supplementation when endogenous levels are depleted and enhancing HPX's functionality through modifications, offering a potent defense against heme toxicity. It is worth noting that HPX may also exert deleterious effects under certain circumstances. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of HPX's roles in the progression and prognosis of hematological diseases. It highlights HPX-based clinical therapies for different hematological disorders, discusses advancements in HPX production and modification technologies, and offers a theoretical basis for the clinical application of HPX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Voltarelli VA, Alves de Souza RW, Miyauchi K, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE. Heme: The Lord of the Iron Ring. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051074. [PMID: 37237940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-protoporphyrin complex with an essential physiologic function for all cells, especially for those in which heme is a key prosthetic group of proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes of the mitochondria. However, it is also known that heme can participate in pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory responses, leading to cytotoxicity in various tissues and organs such as the kidney, brain, heart, liver, and in immune cells. Indeed, heme, released as a result of tissue damage, can stimulate local and remote inflammatory reactions. These can initiate innate immune responses that, if left uncontrolled, can compound primary injuries and promote organ failure. In contrast, a cadre of heme receptors are arrayed on the plasma membrane that is designed either for heme import into the cell, or for the purpose of activating specific signaling pathways. Thus, free heme can serve either as a deleterious molecule, or one that can traffic and initiate highly specific cellular responses that are teleologically important for survival. Herein, we review heme metabolism and signaling pathways, including heme synthesis, degradation, and scavenging. We will focus on trauma and inflammatory diseases, including traumatic brain injury, trauma-related sepsis, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases where current work suggests that heme may be most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Azevedo Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rodrigo W Alves de Souza
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kenji Miyauchi
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Leo Edmond Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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5
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Khan N, Ullah J, Hashmi S, Ali A, Siddiqui AJ, Sami SA, Bokhari SS, Sharif H, Uddin J, El-Seedi HR, Musharraf SG. Dysregulation of metalloproteins in ischemic heart disease patients with systolic dysfunction. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123435. [PMID: 36716834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Metalloproteins have been linked to human health and diseases. The molecular functions of metalloproteins in IHD is not well understood and require further exploration. The objective of this study was to find out the role of metalloproteins in the pericardial fluid of IHD patients having normal (EF > 45) and impaired (EF < 45) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). IHD patients were grouped into two categories: LVEF<45 (n = 12) and LVEF >45 (n = 33). Pooled samples of pericardial fluid were fractionated by using ZOOM-isoelectric focusing (IEF) followed by further processing using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE) and filter-aided sample preparation (FASP). Tryptic peptides of each fraction and differential bands were then analyzed by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. Protein identification was performed through a Mascot search engine using NCBI-Prot and SwissProt databases. A total of 1082 proteins including 154 metalloproteins were identified. In the differential bands, 60 metalloproteins were identified, while 115 metalloproteins were identified in all ZOOM-IEF fractions. Twelve differentially expressed metalloproteins were selected in the intense bands according to their molecular weight (MW) and isoelectric point (pI). The 12 differentially expressed metalloprotein includes ceruloplasmin, Prothrombin, Vitamin K-dependent protein, Fibulin-1, Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-6, nidogen, partial, Serum albumin, Hemopexin, C-reactive protein, Serum amyloid P-component, and Intelectin-1 protein which were all up-regulated while serotransferrin is the only metalloprotein that was down-regulated in impaired (LVEF<45) group. Among the metalloproteins, Zn-binding proteins are 36.5 % followed by Ca-binging 32.2 %, and Fe-binging 12.2 %. KEGG, pathway analysis revealed the association of ceruloplasmin and serotransferrin with the ferroptosis pathway. In conclusion, 154 metalloproteins were identified of them the Zn-binding protein followed by Ca-binding and Fe-binding proteins were the most abundant metalloproteins. The two metalloproteins, the Cu-binding protein ceruloplasmin, and Fe-binding protein serotransferrin are involved in the ferroptosis pathway, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death that has been linked to cardiac pathology, especially in IHD patients having impaired systolic (LVEF<45) dysfunction. However, further research is required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Ullah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Satwat Hashmi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Agha Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ali
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amna Jabbar Siddiqui
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ahmed Sami
- Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saira Bokhari
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Hasanat Sharif
- Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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6
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Guo Y, Zhao H, Lin Z, Ye T, Xu D, Zeng Q. Heme in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Ubiquitous Dangerous Molecule Worthy of Vigilance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781839. [PMID: 35127704 PMCID: PMC8807526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme, the protoporphyrin IX iron complex is widely present in the human body and it is involved in oxygen storage, electron transfer, and enzymatic reactions. However, free heme can be toxic as it catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species, oxidizes lipids and proteins, and causes DNA damage, thereby inducing a pro-inflammatory environment. The generation, metabolism, and degradation of heme in the human body are regulated by precise mechanisms to ensure that heme remains non-toxic. However, in several types of cardiovascular diseases, impaired metabolism and exposure to heme may occur in pathological processes, including neovascularization, internal hemorrhage, ischemia, and reperfusion. Based on years of research, in this review, we aimed to summarize the underlying mechanisms by which heme contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases through oxidative stress, relative pathway gene expression regulation and phenotypic changes in cells. Excess heme plays a detrimental role in atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, degenerative aortic valve stenosis, cardiac iron overload. Recent researches revealed that in some cases heme involved in cardiac damage though ferroptosis. Thus, heme concentrations beyond normal levels are dangerous. Further research on the role of heme in cardiovascular diseases is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Taochun Ye
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchun Zeng, ; Dingli Xu,
| | - Qingchun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qingchun Zeng, ; Dingli Xu,
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7
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Shotgun Immunoproteomics for Identification of Nonhuman Leukocyte Antigens Associated With Cellular Dysfunction in Heart Transplant Rejection. Transplantation 2021; 106:1376-1389. [PMID: 34923540 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplant consensus panel notes that too little data exist regarding the role of non-HLA in allograft rejection. We developed a novel shotgun immunoproteomic approach to determine the identities and potential roles non-HLA play in antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in heart transplant recipients. METHODS Serum was collected longitudinally from heart transplant recipients experiencing AMR in the absence of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (n = 6) and matched no rejection controls (n = 7). Antidonor heart affinity chromatography columns were formed by recipient immunoglobulin G immobilization at transplantation, acute rejection, and chronic postrejection time points. Affinity chromatography columns were used to capture antigens from individual patient's donor heart biopsies collected at transplantation. Captured proteins were subjected to quantitative proteomic analysis and the longitudinal response was calculated. RESULTS Overlap in antigen-specific response between AMR and non-AMR patients was only 8.3%. In AMR patients, a total of 155 non-HLAs were identified, with responses toward 43 high prevalence antigens found in ≥50% of patients. Immunofluorescence staining for representative high prevalence antigens demonstrated that their abundance increased at acute rejection, correlating with their respective non-HLA antibody response. Physiological changes in cardiomyocyte and endothelial cell function, following in vitro culture with patient immunoglobulin G, correlated with response toward several high prevalence antigens. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates a novel high-throughput strategy to identify clinically relevant non-HLA from donor endomyocardial biopsy. Such a technique has the potential to improve understanding of longitudinal timing of antigen-specific responses and their cause and effect relationship in graft rejection.
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8
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Bergwik J, Kristiansson A, Larsson J, Ekström S, Åkerström B, Allhorn M. Binding of the human antioxidation protein α 1-microglobulin (A1M) to heparin and heparan sulfate. Mapping of binding site, molecular and functional characterization, and co-localization in vivo and in vitro. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101892. [PMID: 33607500 PMCID: PMC7900767 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are linear sulfated disaccharide polymers. Heparin is found mainly in mast cells, while heparan sulfate is found in connective tissue, extracellular matrix and on cell membranes in most tissues. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a ubiquitous protein with thiol-dependent antioxidant properties, protecting cells and matrix against oxidative damage due to its reductase activities and radical- and heme-binding properties. In this work, it was shown that A1M binds to heparin and HS and can be purified from human plasma by heparin affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The binding strength is inversely dependent of salt concentration and proportional to the degree of sulfation of heparin and HS. Potential heparin binding sites, located on the outside of the barrel-shaped A1M molecule, were determined using hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). Immunostaining of endothelial cells revealed pericellular co-localization of A1M and HS and the staining of A1M was almost completely abolished after treatment with heparinase. A1M and HS were also found to be co-localized in vivo in the lungs, aorta, kidneys and skin of mice. The redox-active thiol group of A1M was unaffected by the binding to HS, and the cell protection and heme-binding abilities of A1M were slightly affected. The discovery of the binding of A1M to heparin and HS provides new insights into the biological role of A1M and represents the basis for a novel method for purification of A1M from plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Bergwik
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Amanda Kristiansson
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Larsson
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simon Ekström
- Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry (BioMS), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Allhorn
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Vinchi F, Sparla R, Passos ST, Sharma R, Vance SZ, Zreid HS, Juaidi H, Manwani D, Yazdanbakhsh K, Nandi V, Silva AMN, Agarvas AR, Fibach E, Belcher JD, Vercellotti GM, Ghoti H, Muckenthaler MU. Vasculo-toxic and pro-inflammatory action of unbound haemoglobin, haem and iron in transfusion-dependent patients with haemolytic anaemias. Br J Haematol 2021; 193:637-658. [PMID: 33723861 PMCID: PMC8252605 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that free haem and iron exert vasculo‐toxic and pro‐inflammatory effects by activating endothelial and immune cells. In the present retrospective study, we compared serum samples from transfusion‐dependent patients with β‐thalassaemia major and intermedia, hereditary spherocytosis and sickle cell disease (SCD). Haemolysis, transfusions and ineffective erythropoiesis contribute to haem and iron overload in haemolytic patients. In all cohorts we observed increased systemic haem and iron levels associated with scavenger depletion and toxic ‘free’ species formation. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation markers were significantly increased compared to healthy donors. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, oxidative stress markers remained significantly associated with both haem‐ and iron‐related parameters, while soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM‐1), soluble endothelial selectin (sE‐selectin) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) showed the strongest association with haem‐related parameters and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM‐1), sVCAM‐1, interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with iron‐related parameters. While hereditary spherocytosis was associated with the highest IL‐6 and TNFα levels, β‐thalassaemia major showed limited inflammation compared to SCD. The sVCAM1 increase was significantly lower in patients with SCD receiving exchange compared to simple transfusions. The present results support the involvement of free haem/iron species in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction and sterile inflammation in haemolytic diseases, irrespective of the underlying haemolytic mechanism, and highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of iron/haem scavenging therapies in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vinchi
- Iron Research Program, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Sparla
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara T Passos
- Iron Research Program, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richa Sharma
- Iron Research Program, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Zebulon Vance
- Iron Research Program, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hala S Zreid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al Shifa Hospital, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Hesham Juaidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Al Shifa Hospital, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Deepa Manwani
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Pediatric Hematology, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Vijay Nandi
- Laboratory of Data Analytic Services, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - André M N Silva
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anand R Agarvas
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eitan Fibach
- Department of Hematology, The Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - John D Belcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Vascular Biology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Husam Ghoti
- European Center for Cancer and Cell Therapy (ECCT), Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology and Pulmonology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Gbotosho OT, Kapetanaki MG, Kato GJ. The Worst Things in Life are Free: The Role of Free Heme in Sickle Cell Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:561917. [PMID: 33584641 PMCID: PMC7873693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis is a pathological feature of several diseases of diverse etiology such as hereditary anemias, malaria, and sepsis. A major complication of hemolysis involves the release of large quantities of hemoglobin into the blood circulation and the subsequent generation of harmful metabolites like labile heme. Protective mechanisms like haptoglobin-hemoglobin and hemopexin-heme binding, and heme oxygenase-1 enzymatic degradation of heme limit the toxicity of the hemolysis-related molecules. The capacity of these protective systems is exceeded in hemolytic diseases, resulting in high residual levels of hemolysis products in the circulation, which pose a great oxidative and proinflammatory risk. Sickle cell disease (SCD) features a prominent hemolytic anemia which impacts the phenotypic variability and disease severity. Not only is circulating heme a potent oxidative molecule, but it can act as an erythrocytic danger-associated molecular pattern (eDAMP) molecule which contributes to a proinflammatory state, promoting sickle complications such as vaso-occlusion and acute lung injury. Exposure to extracellular heme in SCD can also augment the expression of placental growth factor (PlGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), with important consequences to enthothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion and pulmonary hypertension, and potentially the development of renal and cardiac dysfunction. This review focuses on heme-induced mechanisms that are implicated in disease pathways, mainly in SCD. A special emphasis is given to heme-induced PlGF and IL-6 related mechanisms and their role in SCD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwabukola T. Gbotosho
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Maria G. Kapetanaki
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gregory J. Kato
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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11
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Kristiansson A, Bergwik J, Alattar AG, Flygare J, Gram M, Hansson SR, Olsson ML, Storry JR, Allhorn M, Åkerström B. Human radical scavenger α 1-microglobulin protects against hemolysis in vitro and α 1-microglobulin knockout mice exhibit a macrocytic anemia phenotype. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:149-159. [PMID: 32092412 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During red blood cell (RBC) lysis hemoglobin and heme leak out of the cells and cause damage to the endothelium and nearby tissue. Protective mechanisms exist; however, these systems are not sufficient in diseases with increased extravascular hemolysis e.g. hemolytic anemia. α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a ubiquitous reductase and radical- and heme-binding protein with antioxidation properties. Although present in the circulation in micromolar concentrations, its function in blood is unclear. Here, we show that A1M provides RBC stability. A1M-/- mice display abnormal RBC morphology, reminiscent of macrocytic anemia conditions, i.e. fewer, larger and more heterogeneous cells. Recombinant human A1M (rA1M) reduced in vitro hemolysis of murine RBC against spontaneous, osmotic and heme-induced stress. Moreover, A1M is taken up by human RBCs both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, rA1M also protected human RBCs against in vitro spontaneous, osmotic, heme- and radical-induced hemolysis as shown by significantly reduced leakage of hemoglobin and LDH. Addition of rA1M resulted in decreased hemolysis compared to addition of the heme-binding protein hemopexin and the radical-scavenging and reducing agents ascorbic acid and Trolox (vitamin E). Furthermore, rA1M significantly reduced spontaneous and heme-induced fetal RBC cell death. Addition of A1M to human whole blood resulted in a significant reduction of hemolysis, whereas removal of A1M from whole blood resulted in increased hemolysis. We conclude that A1M has a protective function in reducing hemolysis which is neither specific to the origin of hemolytic insult, nor species specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kristiansson
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jesper Bergwik
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdul Ghani Alattar
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Flygare
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gram
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin L Olsson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jill R Storry
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Allhorn
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Section for Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Gáll T, Pethő D, Nagy A, Balla G, Balla J. Therapeutic Potential of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) in Hemolytic and Hemorrhagic Vascular Disorders-Interaction between the Heme Oxygenase and H 2S-Producing Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010047. [PMID: 33374506 PMCID: PMC7793096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, substantial work has established that hemoglobin oxidation and heme release play a pivotal role in hemolytic/hemorrhagic disorders. Recent reports have shown that oxidized hemoglobins, globin-derived peptides, and heme trigger diverse biological responses, such as toll-like receptor 4 activation with inflammatory response, reprogramming of cellular metabolism, differentiation, stress, and even death. Here, we discuss these cellular responses with particular focus on their mechanisms that are linked to the pathological consequences of hemorrhage and hemolysis. In recent years, endogenous gasotransmitters, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have gained a lot of interest in connection with various human pathologies. Thus, many CO and H2S-releasing molecules have been developed and applied in various human disorders, including hemolytic and hemorrhagic diseases. Here, we discuss our current understanding of oxidized hemoglobin and heme-induced cell and tissue damage with particular focus on inflammation, cellular metabolism and differentiation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hemolytic/hemorrhagic human diseases, and the potential beneficial role of CO and H2S in these pathologies. More detailed mechanistic insights into the complex pathology of hemolytic/hemorrhagic diseases through heme oxygenase-1/CO as well as H2S pathways would reveal new therapeutic approaches that can be exploited for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gáll
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Dávid Pethő
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamária Nagy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (T.G.); (D.P.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-255-500/55004
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13
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Alvarado G, Tóth A, Csősz É, Kalló G, Dankó K, Csernátony Z, Smith A, Gram M, Akerström B, Édes I, Balla G, Papp Z, Balla J. Heme-Induced Oxidation of Cysteine Groups of Myofilament Proteins Leads to Contractile Dysfunction of Permeabilized Human Skeletal Muscle Fibres. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218172. [PMID: 33142923 PMCID: PMC7663642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme released from red blood cells targets a number of cell components including the cytoskeleton. The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of free heme (20–300 µM) on human skeletal muscle fibres made available during orthopedic surgery. Isometric force production and oxidative protein modifications were monitored in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibre segments. A single heme exposure (20 µM) to muscle fibres decreased Ca2+-activated maximal (active) force (Fo) by about 50% and evoked an approximately 3-fold increase in Ca2+-independent (passive) force (Fpassive). Oxidation of sulfhydryl (SH) groups was detected in structural proteins (e.g., nebulin, α-actinin, meromyosin 2) and in contractile proteins (e.g., myosin heavy chain and myosin-binding protein C) as well as in titin in the presence of 300 µM heme. This SH oxidation was not reversed by dithiothreitol (50 mM). Sulfenic acid (SOH) formation was also detected in the structural proteins (nebulin, α-actinin, meromyosin). Heme effects on SH oxidation and SOH formation were prevented by hemopexin (Hpx) and α1-microglobulin (A1M). These data suggest that free heme has a significant impact on human skeletal muscle fibres, whereby oxidative alterations in structural and contractile proteins limit contractile function. This may explain and or contribute to the weakness and increase of skeletal muscle stiffness in chronic heart failure, rhabdomyolysis, and other hemolytic diseases. Therefore, therapeutic use of Hpx and A1M supplementation might be effective in preventing heme-induced skeletal muscle alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Alvarado
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.A.); (A.T.)
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Attila Tóth
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.A.); (A.T.)
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (É.C.); (G.K.)
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (É.C.); (G.K.)
| | - Katalin Dankó
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Csernátony
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ann Smith
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Missouri, MO 64110, USA;
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pediatrics, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Bo Akerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden;
| | - István Édes
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - György Balla
- Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Papp
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.A.); (A.T.)
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence: (Z.P.); (J.B.); Tel./Fax: +36-(52)-411717 (Z.P.); +36-(52)-413653 (J.B.)
| | - József Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.A.); (A.T.)
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (Z.P.); (J.B.); Tel./Fax: +36-(52)-411717 (Z.P.); +36-(52)-413653 (J.B.)
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14
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Kalapotharakos G, Murtoniemi K, Åkerström B, Hämäläinen E, Kajantie E, Räikkönen K, Villa P, Laivuori H, Hansson SR. Plasma Heme Scavengers Alpha-1-Microglobulin and Hemopexin as Biomarkers in High-Risk Pregnancies. Front Physiol 2019; 10:300. [PMID: 31019465 PMCID: PMC6458234 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with established preeclampsia (PE) have increased plasma concentration of free fetal hemoglobin. We measured two hemoglobin scavenger system proteins, hemopexin (Hpx) and alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) in maternal plasma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay during the late second trimester of pregnancy in women with high and low risk of developing PE. In total 142 women were included in nested case-control study: 42 women diagnosed with PE and 100 controls (49 randomly selected high-risk and 51 low-risk controls). The concentration of plasma A1M in high-risk controls was higher compared to low-risk controls. Women with severe PE had higher plasma A1M levels compared to women with non-severe PE. In conclusion, the concentration of plasma A1M is increased in the late second trimester in high-risk controls, suggesting activation of endogenous protective system against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Kalapotharakos
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katja Murtoniemi
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Esa Hämäläinen
- HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Villa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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15
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Gáll T, Pethő D, Nagy A, Hendrik Z, Méhes G, Potor L, Gram M, Åkerström B, Smith A, Nagy P, Balla G, Balla J. Heme Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (HIER Stress) in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1595. [PMID: 30515102 PMCID: PMC6255930 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins resulted from oxidative protein modification induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by activating the pathways of unfolded protein response. In pathologic hemolytic conditions, extracellular free hemoglobin is submitted to rapid oxidation causing heme release. Resident cells of atherosclerotic lesions, after intraplaque hemorrhage, are exposed to heme leading to oxidative injury. Therefore, we raised the question whether heme can also provoke ER stress. Smooth muscle cells are one of the key players of atherogenesis; thus, human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were selected as a model cell to reveal the possible link between heme and ER stress. Using immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry, we quantitated the markers of ER stress. These were: phosphorylated eIF2α, Activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4), DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (also known as C/EBP homology protein, termed CHOP), X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1), Activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa) and heme responsive genes heme oxygenase-1 and ferritin. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on human carotid artery specimens from patients who had undergone carotid endarterectomy. We demonstrate that heme increases the phosphorylation of eiF2α in HAoSMCs and the expression of ATF4. Heme also enhances the splicing of XBP1 and the proteolytic cleavage of ATF6. Consequently, there is up-regulation of target genes increasing both mRNA and protein levels of CHOP and GRP78. However, TGFβ and collagen type I decreased. When the heme binding proteins, alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) and hemopexin (Hpx) are present in cell media, the ER stress provoked by heme is inhibited. ER stress pathways are also retarded by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) indicating that reactive oxygen species are involved in heme-induced ER stress. Consistent with these findings, elevated expression of the ER stress marker GRP78 and CHOP were observed in smooth muscle cells of complicated lesions with hemorrhage compared to either atheromas or healthy arteries. In conclusion, heme triggers ER stress in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HAoSMCs. A1M and Hpx as well as NAC effectively hamper heme-induced ER stress, supporting their use as a potential therapeutic approach to reverse such a deleterious effects of heme toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gáll
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Pethő
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamária Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hendrik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Potor
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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16
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Wang K, Xu Y, Sun Q, Long J, Liu J, Ding J. Mitochondria regulate cardiac contraction through ATP-dependent and independent mechanisms. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1256-1265. [PMID: 29544373 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1453137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The multipurpose organelle mitochondria play an essential role(s) in controlling cardiac muscle contraction. Mitochondria, not only function as the powerhouses and the energy source of myocytes but also modulate intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, the production of intermediary metabolites/reactive oxygen species (ROS), and other cellular processes. Those molecular events can substantially influence myocardial contraction. Mitochondrial dysfunction is usually associated with cardiac remodelling, and is the causal factor of heart contraction defects in many cases. The manipulation of mitochondria or mitochondria-relevant pathways appears to be a promising therapeutic approach to treat the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yang Xu
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Qiong Sun
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jiangang Long
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jian Ding
- a Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China
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17
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Stolla M, Henrichs K, Cholette JM, Pietropaoli AP, Phipps RP, Spinelli SL, Blumberg N. Haem is associated with thrombosis in neonates and infants undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease. Vox Sang 2017; 113:72-75. [PMID: 29044674 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haem levels are associated with thrombosis in a variety of diseases, as well as being a contributing cause of thrombotic events in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed samples from 39 children who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, including 15 children who developed a postoperative thrombosis and 24 controls. RESULTS Patients who developed thrombosis postoperatively had statistically significant higher average haem levels over time (presurgery to 12 h postsurgery) compared to patients who did not develop thrombosis. CONCLUSION Higher cell-free total haem levels are associated with a higher risk of thrombosis in a paediatric cardiac surgical cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stolla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Henrichs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J M Cholette
- Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care and Cardiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A P Pietropaoli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R P Phipps
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care and Cardiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Environmental Medicine, Lung Biology and Disease Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S L Spinelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - N Blumberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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18
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Ingoglia G, Sag CM, Rex N, De Franceschi L, Vinchi F, Cimino J, Petrillo S, Wagner S, Kreitmeier K, Silengo L, Altruda F, Maier LS, Hirsch E, Ghigo A, Tolosano E. Hemopexin counteracts systolic dysfunction induced by heme-driven oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:452-464. [PMID: 28400318 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients affected by different disorders associated to intravascular hemolysis. The leading factor is the presence of pathologic amount of pro-oxidant free heme in the bloodstream, due to the exhaustion of the natural heme scavenger Hemopexin (Hx). Here, we evaluated whether free heme directly affects cardiac function, and tested the therapeutic potential of replenishing serum Hx for increasing serum heme buffering capacity. The effect of heme on cardiac function was assessed in vitro, on primary cardiomyocytes and H9c2 myoblast cell line, and in vivo, in Hx-/- mice and in genetic and acquired mouse models of intravascular hemolysis. Purified Hx or anti-oxidants N-Acetyl-L-cysteine and α-tocopherol were used to counteract heme cardiotoxicity. In mice, Hx loss/depletion resulted in heme accumulation and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the heart, which ultimately led to severe systolic dysfunction. Similarly, high ROS reduced systolic Ca2+ transient amplitudes and fractional shortening in primary cardiomyocytes exposed to free heme. In keeping with these Ca2+ handling alterations, oxidation and CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of Ryanodine Receptor 2 were higher in Hx-/- hearts than in controls. Administration of anti-oxidants prevented systolic failure both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, Hx rescued contraction defects of heme-treated cardiomyocytes and preserved cardiac function in hemolytic mice. We show that heme-mediated oxidative stress perturbs cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis and promotes contractile dysfunction. Scavenging heme, Hx counteracts cardiac heme toxicity and preserves left ventricular function. Our data generate the rationale to consider the therapeutic use of Hx to limit the cardiotoxicity of free heme in hemolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Ingoglia
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Can Martin Sag
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nikolai Rex
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lucia De Franceschi
- Dept. Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona-Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Vinchi
- Heidelberg University Hospital / EMBL Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - James Cimino
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreitmeier
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Silengo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lars S Maier
- Dept. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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19
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Immenschuh S, Vijayan V, Janciauskiene S, Gueler F. Heme as a Target for Therapeutic Interventions. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:146. [PMID: 28420988 PMCID: PMC5378770 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is a complex of iron and the tetrapyrrole protoporphyrin IX with essential functions in aerobic organisms. Heme is the prosthetic group of hemoproteins such as hemoglobin and myoglobin, which are crucial for reversible oxygen binding and transport. By contrast, high levels of free heme, which may occur in various pathophysiological conditions, are toxic via pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects. The toxicity of heme plays a major role for the pathogenesis of prototypical hemolytic disorders including sickle cell disease and malaria. Moreover, there is increasing appreciation that detrimental effects of heme may also be critically involved in diseases, which usually are not associated with hemolysis such as severe sepsis and atherosclerosis. In mammalians homeostasis of heme and its potential toxicity are primarily controlled by two physiological systems. First, the scavenger protein hemopexin (Hx) non-covalently binds extracellular free heme with high affinity and attenuates toxicity of heme in plasma. Second, heme oxygenases (HOs), in particular the inducible HO isozyme, HO-1, can provide antioxidant cytoprotection via enzymatic degradation of intracellular heme. This review summarizes current knowledge on the pathophysiological role of heme for various diseases as demonstrated in experimental animal models and in humans. The functional significance of Hx and HOs for the regulation of heme homeostasis is highlighted. Finally, the therapeutic potential of pharmacological strategies that apply Hx and HO-1 in various clinical settings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Immenschuh
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
| | - Vijith Vijayan
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
| | | | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical SchoolHannover, Germany
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