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Abimannan T, Parthibane V, Le SH, Vijaykrishna N, Fox SD, Karim B, Kunduri G, Blankenberg D, Andresson T, Bamba T, Acharya U, Acharya JK. Sphingolipid biosynthesis is essential for metabolic rewiring during T H17 cell differentiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk1045. [PMID: 38657065 PMCID: PMC11042737 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
T helper 17 (TH17) cells are implicated in autoimmune diseases, and several metabolic processes are shown to be important for their development and function. In this study, we report an essential role for sphingolipids synthesized through the de novo pathway in TH17 cell development. Deficiency of SPTLC1, a major subunit of serine palmitoyl transferase enzyme complex that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of de novo sphingolipid synthesis, impaired glycolysis in differentiating TH17 cells by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) through enhancement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 activity. Increased ROS leads to impaired activation of mammalian target of rapamycin C1 and reduced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and c-Myc-induced glycolytic genes. SPTLCI deficiency protected mice from developing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and experimental T cell transfer colitis. Our results thus show a critical role for de novo sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway in shaping adaptive immune responses with implications in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Velayoudame Parthibane
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Si-Hung Le
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nagampalli Vijaykrishna
- Genomic Medicine Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen D. Fox
- Mass Spectrometry Group, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Baktiar Karim
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Govind Kunduri
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Blankenberg
- Genomic Medicine Institute and Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Usha Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jairaj K. Acharya
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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2
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Balasubramanian P, Vijayarangam V, Deviparasakthi MKG, Palaniyandi T, Ravi M, Natarajan S, Viswanathan S, Baskar G, Wahab MRA, Surendran H. Implications and progression of peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) in various human diseases. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155080. [PMID: 38219498 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2), a characteristic 2-Cys enzyme is one of the foremost effective scavenger proteins against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) defending cells against oxidative stress. Dysregulation of this antioxidant raises the quantity of ROS and oxidative stress implicated in several diseases. PRDX2 lowers the generation of ROS that takes part in controlling several signalling pathways occurring in neurons, protecting them from stress caused by oxidation and an inflammatory harm. Depending on the aetiological variables, the kind of cancer, and the stage of tumour development, PRDX2 may behave either as an onco-suppressor or a promoter. However, overexpression of PRDX2 may be linked to the development of numerous cancers, including those of the colon, cervix, breast, and prostate. PRDX2 also plays a beneficial effect in inflammatory diseases. PRDX2 being a thiol-specific peroxidase, is known to control proinflammatory reactions. The spilling of PRDX2, on the other hand, accelerates cognitive impairment following a stroke by triggering an inflammatory reflex. PRDX2 expression patterns in vascular cells tend to be crucial to its involvement in cardiovascular diseases. In vascular smooth muscle cells, if the protein tyrosine phosphatase is restricted, PRDX2 could avoid the neointimal thickening which relies on platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), a vital component of vascular remodelling. A proper PRDX2 balance is therefore crucial. The imbalance causes a number of illnesses, including cancers, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular ailments, and neurological and neurodegenerative problems which are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Varshini Vijayarangam
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | | | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sudhakar Natarajan
- Department of Tuberculosis, ICMR - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Sandhiya Viswanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Gomathy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | | | - Hemapreethi Surendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, India
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3
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Shah R, Ibis B, Kashyap M, Boussiotis VA. The role of ROS in tumor infiltrating immune cells and cancer immunotherapy. Metabolism 2024; 151:155747. [PMID: 38042522 PMCID: PMC10872310 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of short-lived highly reactive molecules formed intracellularly from molecular oxygen. ROS can alter biochemical, transcriptional, and epigenetic programs and have an indispensable role in cellular function. In immune cells, ROS are mediators of specialized functions such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation, activation, cytolysis, and differentiation. ROS have a fundamental role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) where they are produced by immune cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms. ROS can act as a double-edged sword with short exposures leading to activation in various innate and adaptative immune cells, and prolonged exposures, unopposed by redox balancing antioxidants leading to exhaustion, immunosuppression, and unresponsiveness to cancer immunotherapy. Due to its plasticity and impact on the anti-tumor function of immune cells, attempts are currently in process to harness ROS biology with the purpose to improve contemporary strategies of cancer immunotherapy. Here, we provide a short overview how ROS and various antioxidant systems impact on the function of innate and adaptive immune system cells with emphasis on the TME and immune-based therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushil Shah
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Betul Ibis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Monisha Kashyap
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
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4
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Li Y, Wu Y, Huang J, Cao X, An Q, Peng Y, Zhao Y, Luo Y. A variety of death modes of neutrophils and their role in the etiology of autoimmune diseases. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:280-299. [PMID: 37850797 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are important in the context of innate immunity and actively contribute to the progression of diverse autoimmune disorders. Distinct death mechanisms of neutrophils may exhibit specific and pivotal roles in autoimmune diseases and disease pathogenesis through the orchestration of immune homeostasis, the facilitation of autoantibody production, the induction of tissue and organ damage, and the incitement of pathological alterations. In recent years, more studies have provided in-depth examination of various neutrophil death modes, revealing nuances that challenge conventional understanding and underscoring their potential clinical utility in diagnosis and treatment. This review explores the multifaceted processes and characteristics of neutrophil death, with a focus on tailored investigations within various autoimmune diseases. It also highlights the potential interplay between neutrophil death and the landscape of autoimmune disorders. The review encapsulates the pertinent pathways implicated in various neutrophil death mechanisms across diverse autoimmune diseases while also charts possible avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yinlan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingang Huang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiyuan An
- School of Inspection and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yubin Luo
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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5
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Minzaghi D, Pavel P, Kremslehner C, Gruber F, Oberreiter S, Hagenbuchner J, Del Frari B, Blunder S, Gruber R, Dubrac S. Excessive Production of Hydrogen Peroxide in Mitochondria Contributes to Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1906-1918.e8. [PMID: 37085042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease characterized by chronic recurring eczema and pruritus. In addition, patients with AD display increased cutaneous and systemic levels of oxidative damage markers, whose source remains elusive. In this study, we investigated oxidative and mitochondrial stress in AD epidermis. The levels of superoxide dismutase 2 and hydrogen peroxide are augmented in the mitochondria of flaky tail (ft/ft) mouse keratinocytes, which is associated with the inhibition of the glutathione system and catalase. Furthermore, reduced levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 are associated with accumulation of malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and oxidized phosphatidylcholines in ft/ft epidermis. Cytochrome c is markedly increased in ft/ft epidermis, hence showing mitochondrial stress. Topical application of MitoQ, which is a mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant, to ft/ft mouse skin reduced damage to macromolecules and inflammation and restored epidermal homeostasis. Absence of alteration in the expression of superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase 4 and limited lipid peroxidation as well as oxidized phosphatidylcholines in the epidermis of Flg-/- mice suggest that FLG deficiency marginally contributes to oxidative stress in ft/ft epidermis. Increased superoxide dismutase 2, lipid peroxidation, and cytochrome c in the epidermis of patients with AD, associated with reduced antioxidant response in primary AD keratinocytes, corroborate mitochondrial dysfunction and lack of cellular adjustment to oxidative stress in AD epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Minzaghi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Pavel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Oberreiter
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Del Frari
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Blunder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Petrocelli G, Marrazzo P, Bonsi L, Facchin F, Alviano F, Canaider S. Plumbagin, a Natural Compound with Several Biological Effects and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1303. [PMID: 37374085 DOI: 10.3390/life13061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals from various medicinal plants are well known for their antioxidant properties and anti-cancer effects. Many of these bioactive compounds or natural products have demonstrated effects against inflammation, while some showed a role that is only approximately described as anti-inflammatory. In particular, naphthoquinones are naturally-occurring compounds with different pharmacological activities and allow easy scaffold modification for drug design approaches. Among this class of compounds, Plumbagin, a plant-derived product, has shown interesting counteracting effects in many inflammation models. However, scientific knowledge about the beneficial effect of Plumbagin should be comprehensively reported before candidating this natural molecule into a future drug against specific human diseases. In this review, the most relevant mechanisms in which Plumbagin plays a role in the process of inflammation were summarized. Other relevant bioactive effects were reviewed to provide a complete and compact scenario of Plumbagin's potential therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Federica Facchin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Silvia Canaider
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy
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7
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Liu S, Liao S, Liang L, Deng J, Zhou Y. The relationship between CD4 + T cell glycolysis and their functions. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:345-360. [PMID: 37061430 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are effector T cells (Teffs) produced by the differentiation of initial T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissue after being attacked by antigens, and have an indispensable role in the development and activation of B cells and CD8+ T cells to regulate and assist immunity. In this review, we provide a new perspective on the relationship between CD4+ T cell glycolysis and its function. We summarize the effects of changes in the glycolysis level of CD4+ T cells on their activation, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. In addition, we emphasize that regulation of the glycolysis level of CD4+ T cells changes their inflammatory phenotypes and function. The study of immune metabolism has received more attention recently, but more work is needed to answer many open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shan Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lin Liang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Early Clinical Trial Center, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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8
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Jing W, Liu C, Su C, Liu L, Chen P, Li X, Zhang X, Yuan B, Wang H, Du X. Role of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage in rheumatoid arthritis and targeted drugs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107670. [PMID: 36845127 PMCID: PMC9948260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage damage. It has a high disability rate. The hypoxic microenvironment of RA joints can cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial damage, which not only affect the metabolic processes of immune cells and pathological changes in fibroblastic synovial cells but also upregulate the expression of several inflammatory pathways, ultimately promoting inflammation. Additionally, ROS and mitochondrial damage are involved in angiogenesis and bone destruction, thereby accelerating RA progression. In this review, we highlighted the effects of ROS accumulation and mitochondrial damage on inflammatory response, angiogenesis, bone and cartilage damage in RA. Additionally, we summarized therapies that target ROS or mitochondria to relieve RA symptoms and discuss the gaps in research and existing controversies, hoping to provide new ideas for research in this area and insights for targeted drug development in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Jing
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenghong Su
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Rheumatic and Bone Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Rheumatic and Bone Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture and Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Rheumatic and Bone Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Haidong Wang, ; Xiaozheng Du,
| | - Xiaozheng Du
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Haidong Wang, ; Xiaozheng Du,
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9
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Sengupta S, Bhattacharya G, Mohanty S, Shaw SK, Jogdand GM, Jha R, Barik PK, Parida JR, Devadas S. IL-21, Inflammatory Cytokines and Hyperpolarized CD8 + T Cells Are Central Players in Lupus Immune Pathology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010181. [PMID: 36671045 PMCID: PMC9855022 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, broadly characterized by systemic inflammation along with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, severe morbidity, moribund organ failure and eventual mortality. In our study, SLE patients displayed a higher percentage of activated, inflamed and hyper-polarized CD8+ T cells, dysregulated CD8+ T cell differentiation, significantly elevated serum inflammatory cytokines and higher accumulation of cellular ROS when compared to healthy controls. Importantly, these hyper-inflammatory/hyper-polarized CD8+ T cells responded better to an antioxidant than to an oxidant. Terminally differentiated Tc1 cells also showed plasticity upon oxidant/antioxidant treatment, but that was in contrast to the SLE CD8+ T cell response. Our studies suggest that the differential phenotype and redox response of SLE CD8+ T cells and Tc1 cells could be attributed to their cytokine environs during their respective differentiation and eventual activation environs. The polarization of Tc1 cells with IL-21 drove hyper-cytotoxicity without hyper-polarisation suggesting that the SLE inflammatory cytokine environment could drive the extreme aberrancy in SLE CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sengupta
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Gargee Bhattacharya
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Shubham K. Shaw
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Rohila Jha
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Jyoti R. Parida
- Odisha Arthritis & Rheumatology Centre (OARC), Bhubaneswar 751006, Odisha, India
- Correspondence: (J.R.P.); (S.D.); Tel.: +0091-955-6980101 (J.R.P.); +0091-674-2300701 (S.D.); Fax: +0091-674-2300728 (S.D.)
| | - Satish Devadas
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
- Correspondence: (J.R.P.); (S.D.); Tel.: +0091-955-6980101 (J.R.P.); +0091-674-2300701 (S.D.); Fax: +0091-674-2300728 (S.D.)
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10
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Liang H, Fu W, Yu W, Cao Z, Liu E, Sun F, Kong X, Gao Y, Zhou Y. Elucidating the mitochondrial function of murine lymphocyte subsets and the heterogeneity of the mitophagy pathway inherited from hematopoietic stem cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1061448. [PMID: 36420255 PMCID: PMC9676649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are mainly involved in ATP production to meet the energy demands of cells. Researchers are increasingly recognizing the important role of mitochondria in the differentiation and activation of hematopoietic cells, but research on how mitochondrial metabolism influence different subsets of lymphocyte at different stages of differentiation and activation are yet to be carried out. In this work, the mitochondrial functions of lymphocytes were compared at different differentiation and activation stages and included CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells as well as their subsets. For this purpose, a complete set of methods was used to comprehensively analyze mitophagy levels, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the mitochondrial mass (MM) of subsets of lymphocytes. It is expected that this will provide a complete set of standards, and drawing the mitochondrial metabolic map of lymphocyte subsets at different stages of differentiation and activation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of all lymphocytes, B cells had a relatively high mitochondrial metabolic activity which was evident from the higher levels of mitophagy, ROS, MMP and MM, and this reflected the highly heterogeneous nature of the mitochondrial metabolism in lymphocytes. Among the B cell subsets, pro-B cells had relatively higher levels of MM and MMP, while the mitochondrial metabolism level of mature B cells was relatively low. Similarly, among the subsets of CD4+ T cell, a relatively higher level of mitochondrial metabolism was noted for naive CD4+ T cells. Finally, from the CD8+ T cell subsets, CD8+ Tcm had relatively high levels of MM and MMP but relatively low ones for mitophagy, with effector T cells displaying the opposite characteristics. Meanwhile, the autophagy-related genes of lymphoid hematopoietic cells including hematopoietic stem cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed, which preliminarily showed that these cells were heterogeneous in the selection of mitophagy related Pink1/Park2, BNIP3/NIX and FUNDC1 pathways. The results showed that compared with CD4+ T, CD8+ T and NK cells, B cells were more similar to long-term hematopoietic stem cell (LT-HSC) and short-term hematopoietic stem cell (ST-HSC) in terms of their participation in the Pink1/Park2 pathway, as well as the degree to which the characteristics of autophagy pathway were inherited from HSC. Compared with CLP and B cells, HSC are less involved in BNIP3/NIX pathway. Among the B cell subsets, pro-B cells inherited the least characteristics of HSC in participating in Pink1/Park2 pathway compared with pre-B, immature B and immature B cells. Among CD4+ T cell subsets, nTreg cells inherited the least characteristics of HSC in participating in Pink1/Park2 pathway compared with naive CD4+ T and memory CD4+ T cells. Among the CD8+ T cell subsets, compared with CLP and effector CD8+ T cells, CD8+ Tcm inherit the least characteristics of HSC in participating in Pink1/Park2 pathway. Meanwhile, CLP, naive CD4+ T and effector CD8+ T were more involved in BNIP3/NIX pathway than other lymphoid hematopoietic cells. CONCLUSION This study is expected to provide a complete set of methods and basic reference values for future studies on the mitochondrial functions of lymphocyte subsets at different stages of differentiation and activation in physiological state, and also provides a standard and reference for the study of infection and immunity based on mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Weichao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ertao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanfan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingdai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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11
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Cruz-Gregorio A, Aranda-Rivera AK, Sciutto E, Fragoso G, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Redox state associated with antitumor and immunomodulatory peptides in cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109414. [PMID: 36174750 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, a major public health problem, is the fourth cause of death in the world. While cancer mortality has decreased in recent decades due to more effective treatments, mostly based on improving antitumor immunity, some forms of cancer are resistant to these immunotherapies. A promising approach for cancer treatment involves the administration of antitumor and immunomodulatory peptides. Immunomodulatory peptides have been proved to exert antitumor and immunomodulatory effects by activating immune cells such as cytotoxic T cells, with fewer side-effects. A process closely related to the regulation of the immune system by immunomodulatory antitumor peptides is the modulation of the redox state, which has been poorly studied. This review focuses on the redox state regulated by antitumor and immunomodulatory peptides in cancer development, and on the potential of redox state as a therapy associated with these peptides in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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12
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Aoki C, Imai K, Mizutani T, Sugiyama D, Miki R, Koya Y, Kobayashi T, Ushida T, Iitani Y, Nakamura N, Owaki T, Nishikawa H, Toyokuni S, Kajiyama H, Kotani T. Molecular hydrogen has a positive impact on pregnancy maintenance through enhancement of mitochondrial function and immunomodulatory effects on T cells. Life Sci 2022; 308:120955. [PMID: 36115583 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Molecular hydrogen (H2) has attracted growing interest because of its implications in various diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the remarkable effect of a small amount of H2 remain elusive. No knowledge has been available on the role of H2 in the etiology of pregnancy disorders or its direct influence on human immune cells. Since maternal immunity, T cells in particular, plays a critical role in pregnancy maintenance. We investigated the effects of H2 on T cells and its relation to preterm birth (PTB). MAIN METHODS Exhaled H2 concentrations in pregnant women were measured and correlated with cytokine concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord blood. H2 was added to T cells collected from healthy donors, and differentiation and proliferation were examined. Energy metabolism was also examined. H2 was administered to mice and cytokine expression was compared. KEY FINDINGS Our prospective observational study revealed that maternal production of H2 is significantly lower in pregnant women with PTB, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for predicting PTB. We found that H2 has clear associations with several maternal cytokines, and acts as an immunomodulator by exerting mitochondrial function in human T cells. Moreover, in vivo administration of H2 to pregnant mice regulated inflammatory responses and reduced PTB caused by T cell activation, which further supports the notion that H2 may contribute to prolonged gestation through its immunomodulatory effect. SIGNIFICANCE Measuring maternal H2-production could be a potential clinical tool in the management of PTB, and H2 may have positive impact on pregnancy maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japan
| | - Kenji Imai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japan.
| | - Teruyuki Mizutani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japan; Department of Immunology, Japan
| | | | - Rika Miki
- Laboratory of Bell Research Centre-Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Bell Research Centre for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Department of Reproduction, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Koya
- Laboratory of Bell Research Centre-Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Bell Research Centre for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Department of Reproduction, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Taro Owaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Japan; Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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13
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Morris G, Gevezova M, Sarafian V, Maes M. Redox regulation of the immune response. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1079-1101. [PMID: 36056148 PMCID: PMC9508259 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe immune-inflammatory response is associated with increased nitro-oxidative stress. The aim of this mechanistic review is to examine: (a) the role of redox-sensitive transcription factors and enzymes, ROS/RNS production, and the activity of cellular antioxidants in the activation and performance of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T-cells, B-cells, and natural killer cells; (b) the involvement of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and oxidized phospholipids in regulating the immune response; and (c) the detrimental effects of hypernitrosylation and chronic nitro-oxidative stress on the immune response. The redox changes during immune-inflammatory responses are orchestrated by the actions of nuclear factor-κB, HIF1α, the mechanistic target of rapamycin, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. The performance and survival of individual immune cells is under redox control and depends on intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS/RNS. They are heavily influenced by cellular antioxidants including the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and the HDL/ApoA1/PON1 complex. Chronic nitro-oxidative stress and hypernitrosylation inhibit the activity of those antioxidant systems, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial functions, and the metabolism of immune cells. In conclusion, redox-associated mechanisms modulate metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, macrophage and T helper cell polarization, phagocytosis, production of pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines, immune training and tolerance, chemotaxis, pathogen sensing, antiviral and antibacterial effects, Toll-like receptor activity, and endotoxin tolerance.
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14
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López-Armada MJ, Fernández-Rodríguez JA, Blanco FJ. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061151. [PMID: 35740048 PMCID: PMC9220001 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of excessive mitochondrial oxidative stress could provide new targets for both preventive and therapeutic interventions in the treatment of chronic inflammation or any pathology that develops under an inflammatory scenario, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Increasing evidence has demonstrated the role of mitochondrial alterations in autoimmune diseases mainly due to the interplay between metabolism and innate immunity, but also in the modulation of inflammatory response of resident cells, such as synoviocytes. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction derived from several danger signals could activate tricarboxylic acid (TCA) disruption, thereby favoring a vicious cycle of oxidative/mitochondrial stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction can act through modulating innate immunity via redox-sensitive inflammatory pathways or direct activation of the inflammasome. Besides, mitochondria also have a central role in regulating cell death, which is deeply altered in RA. Additionally, multiple evidence suggests that pathological processes in RA can be shaped by epigenetic mechanisms and that in turn, mitochondria are involved in epigenetic regulation. Finally, we will discuss about the involvement of some dietary components in the onset and progression of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José López-Armada
- Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento e Inflamación (ENVEINF), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.J.L.-A.); (F.J.B.); Tel./Fax: +34-981-178272-73 (M.J.L.-A.)
| | - Jennifer Adriana Fernández-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento e Inflamación (ENVEINF), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología y Salud (GIR-S), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Campus de Oza, Universidade da Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.J.L.-A.); (F.J.B.); Tel./Fax: +34-981-178272-73 (M.J.L.-A.)
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15
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Nascè A, Gariani K, Jornayvaz FR, Szanto I. NADPH Oxidases Connecting Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Outlook. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061131. [PMID: 35740032 PMCID: PMC9219746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by ectopic fat accumulation in hepatocytes, is closely linked to insulin resistance and is the most frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of the features connecting NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM is cellular oxidative stress. Oxidative stress refers to a redox imbalance due to an inequity between the capacity of production and the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the major cellular ROS sources is NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es). In physiological conditions, NOX-es produce ROS purposefully in a timely and spatially regulated manner and are crucial regulators of various cellular events linked to metabolism, receptor signal transmission, proliferation and apoptosis. In contrast, dysregulated NOX-derived ROS production is related to the onset of diverse pathologies. This review provides a synopsis of current knowledge concerning NOX enzymes as connective elements between NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM and weighs their potential relevance as pharmacological targets to alleviate fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nascè
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R. Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
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Misra DP, Agarwal V. Th17.1 lymphocytes: emerging players in the orchestra of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 41:2297-2308. [PMID: 35546376 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that Th17 lymphocytes associate with myriad immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Over the past one and a half decades, a subset of Th17 lymphocytes viz. Th17.1 lymphocytes has been identified in pre-clinical and clinical models of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. These lymphocytes secrete IL-17A (signature cytokine of Th17 lymphocytes) as well as IFN-γ (the signature cytokine of Th1 lymphocytes). They express the chemokine markers for Th1 (CXCR3) as well as Th17 (CCR6) lymphocytes. Th17.1 lymphocytes also express the drug efflux protein p-glycoprotein, which associates with resistance to corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. This narrative review overviews the evidence regarding Th17.1 lymphocytes in different inflammatory rheumatic diseases. It is now recognized that Th17.1 lymphocytes are increased in the synovial fluid of affected joints in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and associate with poor treatment response to abatacept. Th17.1 lymphocytes from synovial fluid of RA are less responsive to immunosuppression than those from the peripheral blood. In sarcoidosis, Th17.1 lymphocytes are concentrated in mediastinal lymph nodes and alveolar lining. Such Th17.1 lymphocytes in sarcoidosis are the predominant source of IFN-γ in the sarcoid lung. Th17.1 lymphocytes are elevated in lupus and Takayasu arteritis and associate with disease activity. Future studies should evaluate isolated Th17.1 lymphocytes from peripheral blood or sites of pathology such as synovial fluid and assess their modulation with immunosuppressive therapy in vitro. The analysis of gene expression signature of isolated Th17.1 lymphocytes might enable the identification of newer therapeutic strategies specifically targeting these cell populations in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Key Points • Th17.1 lymphocytes are a subset of Th17 lymphocytes secreting both IFN-γ and IL-17 • Th17.1 lymphocytes drive neutrophilic inflammation, granuloma formation, and corticosteroid resistance • Th17.1 lymphocytes are elevated in rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis at sites of inflammation • Increased circulating Th17.1 lymphocytes have been identified in lupus and Takayasu arteritis and associate with active disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasanna Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow-226014, India.
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow-226014, India
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17
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Seledtsov VI, von Delwig AA. Oxygen therapy in traditional and immunotherapeutic treatment protocols of cancer patients: current reality and future prospects. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:575-581. [PMID: 35468308 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2070153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The metabolic environment in ischemic and hypoxic tumors is known to contribute to cancer progression. Importantly, peculiar metabolic changes occurring in malignant cells (the increased glycolysis and the hampered Krebs cycle) may contribute to decreased antioxidant-dependent defense in ischemic and hypoxic tumors. AREAS COVERED In the clinic, oxygen saturation of tumors is usually achieved by the application of water-soluble ozone and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Tumor oxygenation has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and potentiate anti-tumor effects of chemoradiotherapy in animal experiments and the clinical setting. Tumor oxygenation could enhance anti-tumor effects achieved by tumor blood vessel occlusion or angiostatic therapy. EXPERT OPINION Owing to a profound influence of ROS on both the innate and adaptive immunity, oxygen therapy, when combined simultaneously or sequentially with immunotherapeutic interventions (such as immune checkpoint inhibition, drug-induced immunostimulation, adoptive cell therapy, hyperthermia, etc.), could be considered as a novel highly-effective clinical biological approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ivanovich Seledtsov
- Department of Immunology, Innovita Research Company, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Center for Immunotherapy, Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Liu R, Peng L, Zhou L, Huang Z, Zhou C, Huang C. Oxidative Stress in Cancer Immunotherapy: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050853. [PMID: 35624717 PMCID: PMC9137834 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an effective treatment option that revolutionizes the management of various cancers. Nevertheless, only a subset of patients receiving immunotherapy exhibit durable responses. Recently, numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays essential regulatory roles in the tumor immune response, thus regulating immunotherapeutic effects. Specifically, studies have revealed key roles of ROS in promoting the release of tumor-associated antigens, manipulating antigen presentation and recognition, regulating immune cell phenotypic differentiation, increasing immune cell tumor infiltration, preventing immune escape and diminishing immune suppression. In the present study, we briefly summarize the main classes of cancer immunotherapeutic strategies and discuss the interplay between oxidative stress and anticancer immunity, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms underlying the oxidative stress-regulated treatment response to cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, we highlight the therapeutic opportunities of manipulating oxidative stress to improve the antitumor immune response, which may improve the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
| | - Liyuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chengwei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Canhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.P.); (L.Z.); (Z.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (C.H.)
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Pisano C, Benedetto U, Ruvolo G, Balistreri CR. Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Aorta Diseases as a Source of Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets, with a Particular Focus on Ascending Aorta Aneurysms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020182. [PMID: 35204065 PMCID: PMC8868543 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aorta diseases, such as ascending aorta aneurysm (AsAA), are complex pathologies, currently defined as inflammatory diseases with a strong genetic susceptibility. They are difficult to manage, being insidious and silent pathologies whose diagnosis is based only on imaging data. No diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or markers of outcome have been known until now. Thus, their identification is imperative. Certainly, a deep understanding of the mechanisms and pathways involved in their pathogenesis might help in such research. Recently, the key role of oxidative stress (OS) on the pathophysiology of aorta disease has emerged. Here, we describe and discuss these aspects by revealing some OS pathways as potential biomarkers, their underlying limitations, and potential solutions and approaches, as well as some potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogera Pisano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Umberto Benedetto
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK;
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Karsten S, Fiskesund R, Zhang XM, Marttila P, Sanjiv K, Pham T, Rasti A, Bräutigam L, Almlöf I, Marcusson-Ståhl M, Sandman C, Platzack B, Harris RA, Kalderén C, Cederbrant K, Helleday T, Warpman Berglund U. MTH1 as a target to alleviate T cell driven diseases by selective suppression of activated T cells. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:246-261. [PMID: 34453118 PMCID: PMC8738733 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell-driven diseases account for considerable morbidity and disability globally and there is an urgent need for new targeted therapies. Both cancer cells and activated T cells have an altered redox balance, and up-regulate the DNA repair protein MTH1 that sanitizes the oxidized nucleotide pool to avoid DNA damage and cell death. Herein we suggest that the up-regulation of MTH1 in activated T cells correlates with their redox status, but occurs before the ROS levels increase, challenging the established conception of MTH1 increasing as a direct response to an increased ROS status. We also propose a heterogeneity in MTH1 levels among activated T cells, where a smaller subset of activated T cells does not up-regulate MTH1 despite activation and proliferation. The study suggests that the vast majority of activated T cells have high MTH1 levels and are sensitive to the MTH1 inhibitor TH1579 (Karonudib) via induction of DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. TH1579 further drives the surviving cells to the MTH1low phenotype with altered redox status. TH1579 does not affect resting T cells, as opposed to the established immunosuppressor Azathioprine, and no sensitivity among other major immune cell types regarding their function can be observed. Finally, we demonstrate a therapeutic effect in a murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In conclusion, we show proof of concept of the existence of MTH1high and MTH1low activated T cells, and that MTH1 inhibition by TH1579 selectively suppresses pro-inflammatory activated T cells. Thus, MTH1 inhibition by TH1579 may serve as a novel treatment option against autoreactive T cells in autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Karsten
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roland Fiskesund
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xing-Mei Zhang
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Marttila
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kumar Sanjiv
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Therese Pham
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Azita Rasti
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bräutigam
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maritha Marcusson-Ståhl
- grid.450998.90000000106922258RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Unit for Chemical and Pharmaceutical safety, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Carolina Sandman
- grid.450998.90000000106922258RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Unit for Chemical and Pharmaceutical safety, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Björn Platzack
- grid.450998.90000000106922258RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Unit for Chemical and Pharmaceutical safety, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Robert A. Harris
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Kalderén
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Cederbrant
- grid.450998.90000000106922258RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Unit for Chemical and Pharmaceutical safety, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.11835.3e0000 0004 1936 9262Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ulrika Warpman Berglund
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,Oxcia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Yadav AM, Bagade MM, Ghumnani S, Raman S, Saha B, Kubatzky KF, Ashma R. The phytochemical plumbagin reciprocally modulates osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Biol Chem 2021; 403:211-229. [PMID: 34882360 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone metabolism is essential for maintaining bone mineral density and bone strength through a balance between bone formation and bone resorption. Bone formation is associated with osteoblast activity whereas bone resorption is linked to osteoclast differentiation. Osteoblast progenitors give rise to the formation of mature osteoblasts whereas monocytes are the precursors for multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Chronic inflammation, auto-inflammation, hormonal changes or adiposity have the potential to disturb the balance between bone formation and bone loss. Several plant-derived components are described to modulate bone metabolism and alleviate osteoporosis by enhancing bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. The plant-derived naphthoquinone plumbagin is a bioactive compound that can be isolated from the roots of the Plumbago genus. It has been used as traditional medicine for treating infectious diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and dermatological diseases. Reportedly, plumbagin exerts its biological activities primarily through induction of reactive oxygen species and triggers osteoblast-mediated bone formation. It is plausible that plumbagin's reciprocal actions - inhibiting or inducing death in osteoclasts but promoting survival or growth of osteoblasts - are a function of the synergy with bone-metabolizing hormones calcitonin, Parathormone and vitamin D. Herein, we develop a framework for plausible molecular modus operandi of plumbagin in bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash M Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manali M Bagade
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Soni Ghumnani
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujatha Raman
- Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (CCIH), Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences (ISHS), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Center for Cell Science, Pune-411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Katharina F Kubatzky
- Zentrum für Infektiologie, Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richa Ashma
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
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22
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Ding X, Yan D, Zhang X, Liu B, Zhu G. Metabolomics Analysis of the Effect of GAT-2 Deficiency on Th1 Cells in Mice. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:5054-5063. [PMID: 34647753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The classic neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to shape the activation and function of immune cells. There are four high-affinity GABA transporters (GATs, including GAT-1, GAT-2, GAT-3, and GAT-4) responsible for the transmembrane transport of GABA in mice. To explore the effect of GAT-2 on type 1 helper T (Th1) cells, naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from splenocytes of GAT-2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice and cultured for Th1 cell differentiation, and then, metabolomics analysis of Th1 cells was performed via gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry added with multivariate analyses. Based on the variable importance projection value > 1 and P < 0.05, a total of nine differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified between WT and KO. Then, DEMs were mapped to the KEGG database, and five metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, including the cysteine and methionine metabolism, the riboflavin metabolism, the purine metabolism, the glycerolipid metabolism, and the glycerophospholipid metabolism. Collectively, our metabolomics analysis revealed that deficiency of GAT-2 influenced the metabolomics profile of Th1 cells, which will provide insights into T cell response to GAT-2 deficiency in mice. Data are available via MetaboLights with identifier MTBLS3358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dong Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Baobao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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23
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Feitosa IB, Mori B, Santos APDAD, Villanova JCO, Teles CBG, Costa AG. What are the immunopharmacological effects of furazolidone? A systematic review. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:674-679. [PMID: 34570666 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1979034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Furazolidone (FZD) is a widely used drug in human and veterinary medicine, and has antibacterial and antiprotozoal action. Although it is widely used as a therapy in various pathological conditions, studies on the efficacy of FZD associated with immune responses are still limited. In this review, we seek to describe which immunopharmacological responses are caused by the administration of FZD. The study followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A systematic review of clinical trials and in vitro and in vivo experimental studies was carried out, which resulted in 943 papers, of which 35 were considered eligible and, of these 35, 4 were selected for analysis. The studies listed indicated that administration of FZD can modulate pro- or anti-inflammatory pathways, with a probable increase in the expression of reactive oxygen species and a modulation of apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Brito Feitosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada (PPGIBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade Metropolitana de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mori
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada (PPGIBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Azevedo Dos Santos
- Plataforma Técnica de Bioensaio de Malária e Leishmaniose, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz-Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina, Centro Universitário São Lucas, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Janaína Cecília Oliveira Villanova
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Produção Farmacêutica, Departamento de Farmácia e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bioni Garcia Teles
- Plataforma Técnica de Bioensaio de Malária e Leishmaniose, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz-Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina, Centro Universitário São Lucas, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada (PPGIBA), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil.,Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
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24
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Kaur G, Sharma A, Bhatnagar A. Role of oxidative stress in pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis: insights into NRF2-KEAP1 signalling. Autoimmunity 2021; 54:385-397. [PMID: 34415206 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2021.1963959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most prevalent, chronic, inflammatory disorders involving multiple articular and extra-articular complications. Immune deregulation owing to a combinatorial network of cells, inflammatory components, degrading enzymes, angiogenetic factors, exhibiting pleiotropy, synergy, or redundancy, is a critical hallmark for synovial inflammatory milieu reasoning clinical heterogeneity and variability of the disease. As a prototype of autoimmune disease, the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis has been linked to oxidative stress. However, the exact mechanism for these potential driving factors contributing to disease inception and perpetuation is yet elusive. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 - Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1) pathway, controlled via multifactorial regulation, functions as a ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved intracellular defense mechanism. Nrf2-Keap1 signalling maintains homeostatic responses against a plethora of environmental or endogenous deviations in cellular growth, death, redox metabolism, inflammation, bone remodelling, detoxification, etc. Administration of antioxidants as an add-on pharmacotherapy along with conventional drugs has been elucidated as a better measure for disease management. Some of the most promising natural and synthetic redox-based therapeutic compounds function as either scavengers of reactive species, or inhibitors of their sources, or activators of an endogenous antioxidant system (Nrf2-Keap1). The present review focuses on the binomial "rheumatoid arthritis-oxidative stress", bringing insights into their pathophysiological interrelationships and Nrf2 signalling, as well as the implications of potential diagnostic oxidative stress biomarkers and therapeutic interventions directed for disease management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Highlights:RA has complex etiopathogenesis, evolving from multiple endogenous and exogenous factors with oxidative stress as a critical pathogenic signature.Oxidative damage and damaged compounds could serve as potent biomarkers for disease diagnosis, therapeutic response, and prognosis.One of the supreme cytoprotective signalling cascades, the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway has been known to elicit a protective effect against RA and various other autoimmune, inflammatory, degenerative disorders.Inclusion of natural and synthetic antioxidants has been encouraged by various studies for additional therapy to conventional drugs for better management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjasmine Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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25
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Khan NA, Kar M, Panwar A, Wangchuk J, Kumar S, Das A, Pandey AK, Lodha R, Medigeshi GR. Oxidative stress specifically inhibits replication of dengue virus. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33904816 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically active species which are involved in maintaining cellular and signalling processes at physiological concentrations. Therefore, cellular components that regulate redox balance are likely to play a crucial role in viral life-cycle either as promoters of viral replication or with antiviral functions. Zinc is an essential micronutrient associated with anti-oxidative systems and helps in maintaining a balanced cellular redox state. Here, we show that zinc chelation leads to induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in epithelial cells and addition of zinc restores ROS levels to basal state. Addition of ROS (H2O2) inhibited dengue virus (DENV) infection in a dose-dependent manner indicating that oxidative stress has adverse effects on DENV infection. ROS affects early stages of DENV replication as observed by quantitation of positive and negative strand viral RNA. We observed that addition of ROS specifically affected viral titres of positive strand RNA viruses. We further demonstrate that ROS specifically altered SEC31A expression at the ER suggesting a role for SEC31A-mediated pathways in the life-cycle of positive strand RNA viruses and provides an opportunity to identify drug targets regulating oxidative stress responses for antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Ahmed Khan
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Meenakshi Kar
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Aleksha Panwar
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Jigme Wangchuk
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Asim Das
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pandey
- Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Guruprasad R Medigeshi
- Clinical and Cellular Virology lab, Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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26
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Jeong SJ, Park JG, Oh GT. Peroxiredoxins as Potential Targets for Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081244. [PMID: 34439492 PMCID: PMC8389283 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress (OS) is considered a common etiology in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the precise regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiovascular cells is essential to maintain normal physiological functions. Numerous regulators of cellular homeostasis are reportedly influenced by ROS. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as an endogenous ROS in aerobic cells, is a toxic substance that can induce OS. However, many studies conducted over the past two decades have provided substantial evidence that H2O2 acts as a diffusible intracellular signaling messenger. Antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, and peroxiredoxins (Prdxs), maintain the balance of ROS levels against augmentation of ROS production during the pathogenesis of CVD. Especially, Prdxs are regulatory sensors of transduced intracellular signals. The intracellular abundance of Prdxs that specifically react with H2O2 act as regulatory proteins. In this review, we focus on the role of Prdxs in the regulation of ROS-induced pathological changes in the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jin Jeong
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-G.P.); (G.T.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4122 (J.-G.P.); +82-2-3277-4128 (G.T.O.); Fax: +82-42-860-4149 (J.-G.P.); +82-2-3277-3760 (G.T.O.)
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-G.P.); (G.T.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4122 (J.-G.P.); +82-2-3277-4128 (G.T.O.); Fax: +82-42-860-4149 (J.-G.P.); +82-2-3277-3760 (G.T.O.)
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27
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Zhang X, Xiao K, Qiu W, Wang J, Li P, Peng K. The Immune Regulatory Effect of Boron on Ostrich Chick Splenic Lymphocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2695-2706. [PMID: 32984939 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Boron is a trace element which plays important roles in immune response. The relationship between boron and splenic lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis, secretion of cytokines, and genes potentially related to immune response in ostrich chicks were investigated in the present study. Different concentrations of boron (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mmol/L) were applied to splenic lymphocytes of African ostrich, respectively. The effect of boron on lymphocyte proliferation was checked by the CCK-8 method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of boron on apoptosis. The secretion levels of IL-6 and IFN-α were determined by ELISA. Splenic lymphocyte gene expression profiles of ostrich chicks treated with boron (0, 0.1, 100 mmol/L) were studied using RNA-seq technology. The results showed that cell proliferation increased with 0.01-10 mmol/L boron, when it was 25-100 mmol/L, the cell proliferation gradually decreased as the boron concentration increased. Apoptosis ratio in ostrich splenic lymphocytes was closely related to boron concentrations. 0.01- and 0.1-mmol/L boron inhibited apoptosis in splenic lymphocytes, whereas 1, 10, 50, and 100-mmol/L boron promoted apoptosis. As the concentration of boron increased, the secretion of IL-6 gradually decreased; IFN-α was initially increased and then decreased with boron concentrations increased, reaching the maximum level with 1 mmol/L boron. In terms of the RNA-Seq data, there was no differentially expressed gene between the 0- and 0.1-mmol/L boron-treated samples; 21 differentially expressed genes were found between the 0- and 100-mmol/L boron-treated samples; 43 differentially expressed genes were found between the 0.1- and 100-mmol/L boron-treated samples. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes by Gene Ontology verified multiple functions associated with immune response. Pathway analysis showed that systemic lupus erythematosus, alcoholism, viral carcinogenesis, and necroptosis pathway were the major enriched pathways, and BIRC2-3, FTH1, and IL-1β genes showed differential expression in necroptosis pathway. These results demonstrated that low concentrations (0.01-0.1 mmol/L) of boron may promote the proliferation and the secretion of cytokines, inhibit cell apoptosis of ostrich splenic lymphocytes by enhancing the function of the cell membrane and the activity of intracellular catalytic enzymes, whereas high-concentration (25-100 mmol/L) boron had opposite effects on cells. The necroptosis pathway might play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response of boron-treated splenic lymphocytes in ostrich chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434103, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weiwei Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434103, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434103, China
| | - Kemei Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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28
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Chávez MD, Tse HM. Targeting Mitochondrial-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in T Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703972. [PMID: 34276700 PMCID: PMC8281042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in oxidative stress could be associated with tissue and cell damage common in many T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Autoreactive CD4 T cell effector subsets (Th1,Th17) driving these diseases require increased glycolytic metabolism to upregulate key transcription factors (TF) like T-bet and RORγt that drive differentiation and proinflammatory responses. However, research in immunometabolism has demonstrated that mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules contributing to T cell fate and function. Eliminating autoreactive T cells by targeting glycolysis or ROS production is a potential strategy to inhibit autoreactive T cell activation without compromising systemic immune function. Additionally, increasing self-tolerance by promoting functional immunosuppressive CD4 T regulatory (Treg) cells is another alternative therapeutic for autoimmune disease. Tregs require increased ROS and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) for Foxp3 TF expression, differentiation, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine synthesis. Decreasing glycolytic activity or increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activity can also be beneficial in inhibiting cytotoxic CD8 T cell effector responses. Current treatment options for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) include global immunosuppression, antibodies to deplete immune cells, and anti-cytokine therapy. While effective in diminishing autoreactive T cells, they can also compromise other immune responses resulting in increased susceptibility to other diseases and complications. The impact of mitochondrial-derived ROS and immunometabolism reprogramming in autoreactive T cell differentiation could be a potential target for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. Exploiting these pathways may delay autoimmune responses in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hubert M. Tse
- Department of Microbiology, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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29
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Peng HY, Lucavs J, Ballard D, Das JK, Kumar A, Wang L, Ren Y, Xiong X, Song J. Metabolic Reprogramming and Reactive Oxygen Species in T Cell Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652687. [PMID: 33868291 PMCID: PMC8044852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and multiple biological processes to satisfy their energetic and biosynthetic demands throughout their lifespan. Several of these metabolic pathways result in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The imbalance between ROS generation and scavenging could result in severe damage to the cells and potential cell death, ultimately leading to T cell-related diseases. Interestingly, ROS play an essential role in T cell immunity. Here, we introduce the important connectivity between T cell lifespan and the metabolic reprogramming among distinct T cell subsets. We also discuss the generation and sources of ROS production within T cell immunity as well as highlight recent research concerning the effects of ROS on T cell activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yun Peng
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jason Lucavs
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Darby Ballard
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Jugal Kishore Das
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yijie Ren
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Xiaofang Xiong
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
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30
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Fresneda Alarcon M, McLaren Z, Wright HL. Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Same Foe Different M.O. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649693. [PMID: 33746988 PMCID: PMC7969658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated neutrophil activation contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and granule proteases are implicated in damage to and destruction of host tissues in both conditions (cartilage in RA, vascular tissue in SLE) and also in the pathogenic post-translational modification of DNA and proteins. Neutrophil-derived cytokines and chemokines regulate both the innate and adaptive immune responses in RA and SLE, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) expose nuclear neoepitopes (citrullinated proteins in RA, double-stranded DNA and nuclear proteins in SLE) to the immune system, initiating the production of auto-antibodies (ACPA in RA, anti-dsDNA and anti-acetylated/methylated histones in SLE). Neutrophil apoptosis is dysregulated in both conditions: in RA, delayed apoptosis within synovial joints contributes to chronic inflammation, immune cell recruitment and prolonged release of proteolytic enzymes, whereas in SLE enhanced apoptosis leads to increased apoptotic burden associated with development of anti-nuclear auto-antibodies. An unbalanced energy metabolism in SLE and RA neutrophils contributes to the pathology of both diseases; increased hypoxia and glycolysis in RA drives neutrophil activation and NET production, whereas decreased redox capacity increases ROS-mediated damage in SLE. Neutrophil low-density granulocytes (LDGs), present in high numbers in the blood of both RA and SLE patients, have opposing phenotypes contributing to clinical manifestations of each disease. In this review we will describe the complex and contrasting phenotype of neutrophils and LDGs in RA and SLE and discuss their discrete roles in the pathogenesis of each condition. We will also review our current understanding of transcriptomic and metabolomic regulation of neutrophil phenotype in RA and SLE and discuss opportunities for therapeutic targeting of neutrophil activation in inflammatory auto-immune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fresneda Alarcon
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe McLaren
- Liverpool University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Louise Wright
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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31
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Lin W, Shen P, Song Y, Huang Y, Tu S. Reactive Oxygen Species in Autoimmune Cells: Function, Differentiation, and Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635021. [PMID: 33717180 PMCID: PMC7946999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly contribute to biomacromolecule damage and influence various inflammatory responses. Reactive oxygen species act as mediator between innate and adaptive immune cells, thereby influencing the antigen-presenting process that results in T cell activation. Evidence from patients with chronic granulomatous disease and mouse models support the function of ROS in preventing abnormal autoimmunity; for example, by supporting maintenance of macrophage efferocytosis and T helper 1/T helper 2 and T helper 17/ regulatory T cell balance. The failure of many anti-oxidation treatments indicates that ROS cannot be considered entirely harmful. Indeed, enhancement of ROS may sometimes be required. In a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), absence of NOX2-derived ROS led to higher prevalence and more severe symptoms. In patients with RA, naïve CD4+ T cells exhibit inhibited glycolysis and enhanced pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity, leading to ROS exhaustion. In this "reductive" state, CD4+ T cell immune homeostasis is disrupted, triggering joint destruction, together with oxidative stress in the synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiji Lin
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Shen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqin Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghao Tu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Scharf P, da Rocha GHO, Sandri S, Heluany CS, Pedreira Filho WR, Farsky SHP. Immunotoxic mechanisms of cigarette smoke and heat-not-burn tobacco vapor on Jurkat T cell functions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115863. [PMID: 33126161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) affects immune functions, leading to severe outcomes in smokers. Robust evidence addresses the immunotoxic effects of combustible tobacco products. As heat-not-burn tobacco products (HNBT) vaporize lower levels of combustible products, we here compared the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) and HNBT vapor on Jurkat T cells. Cells were exposed to air, conventional cigarettes or heatsticks of HNBT for 30 min and were stimulated or not with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Cell viability, proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, 8-OHdG, MAP-kinases and nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activation and metallothionein expression (MTs) were assessed by flow cytometry; nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine levels were measured by Griess reaction and ELISA, respectively. Levels of metals in the exposure chambers were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. MT expressions were quantified by immunohistochemistry in the lungs and liver of C57Bl/6 mice exposed to CS, HNBT or air (1 h, twice a day for five days: via inhalation). While both CS and HBNT exposures increased cell death, CS led to a higher number of necrotic cells, increased the production of ROS, NO, inflammatory cytokines and MTs when compared to HNBT-exposed cells, and led to a higher expression of MTs in mice. CS released higher amounts of metals. CS and HNBT exposures decreased PMA-induced interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion and impaired Jurkat proliferation, effects also seen in cells exposed to nicotine. Although HNBT vapor does not activate T cells as CS does, exposure to both HNBT and CS suppressed proliferation and IL-2 release, a pivotal cytokine involved with T cell proliferation and tolerance, and this effect may be related to nicotine content in both products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Scharf
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H O da Rocha
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sandri
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia S Heluany
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Walter R Pedreira Filho
- Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho, Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência Social, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra H P Farsky
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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33
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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Treatments in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121292. [PMID: 33348578 PMCID: PMC7766219 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in many physiological and pathological conditions. The intracellular oxidative homeostasis is tightly regulated by the reactive oxygen species production and the intracellular defense mechanisms. Increased oxidative stress could alter lipid, DNA, and protein, resulting in cellular inflammation and programmed cell death. Evidences show that oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of various cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. There are a number of therapeutic options to treat oxidative stress-associated cardiovascular diseases. Well known antioxidants, such as nutritional supplements, as well as more novel antioxidants have been studied. In addition, novel therapeutic strategies using miRNA and nanomedicine are also being developed to treat various cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we provide a detailed description of oxidative stress. Then, we will introduce the relationship between oxidative stress and several cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we will focus on the clinical implications of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases.
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34
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Wójcik P, Gęgotek A, Wroński A, Jastrząb A, Żebrowska A, Skrzydlewska E. Effect of redox imbalance on protein modifications in lymphocytes of psoriatic patients. J Biochem 2020; 167:323-331. [PMID: 31710683 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes are one of the most important cells involved in the pathophysiology of psoriasis; therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the redox imbalance and protein modifications in the lymphocytes of patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The results show a stronger shift in redox status to pro-oxidative conditions (observed as an increased reactive oxygen species level, a decrease in catalase activity and lower levels of glutathione peroxidase and vitamin E compared with healthy controls) in the lymphocytes of PsA than PsV patients. It is also favoured by the enhanced level of activators of the Nrf2 transcription factor in lymphocytes of PsV compared with decreased of these proteins level in PsA. Moreover, the differential modifications of proteins by lipid peroxidation products 4-oxononenal (mainly binding proteins) and malondialdehyde (mainly catalytic proteins with redox activity), promoted a pro-apoptotic pathway in lymphocytes of PsV, which was manifested by enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic caspases, particularly caspase 3. Taken together, differences in Nrf2 pathway activation may be responsible for the differential level of redox imbalance in lymphocytes of patients with PsV and PsA. This finding may enable identification of a targeted therapy to modify the metabolic pathways disturbed in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wójcik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Wroński
- Dermatological Specialized Center "DERMAL" NZOZ in Białystok, Nowy Świat 17/5, 15-453 Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Jastrząb
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Żebrowska
- Regional Center for Blood Donation and Blood Treatment, M. Skłodowskiej - Curie 23, 15-950 Białystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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Cao F, Cheng MH, Hu LQ, Shen HH, Tao JH, Li XM, Pan HF, Gao J. Natural products action on pathogenic cues in autoimmunity: Efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis as compared to classical treatments. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105054. [PMID: 32645358 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which are characterized by self-perpetuating inflammation and tissue/organ damage, resulting from the failure of lymphocyte auto-tolerance, cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current drugs or therapies including conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), as well as several biologic therapies such as B cell-targeted, T cell-targeted, cytokines-targeted and cytokines receptors-targeted therapy, cannot completely cure SLE and RA, and are always accompanied by unexpected side effects. Therefore, more studies have explored new methods for therapy and found that the herbal medicine as well as its natural products (NPs) exhibited promising therapeutic value through exerting effects of immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis, etc. via regulating abnormal responses in kidney, innate and adaptive immune systems, intestine, synoviocytes, as well as bone system including chondrocytes, osteoclasts, joints and paw tissues. In the present review, we will elucidate the current mainstream drugs and therapies for SLE and RA, and summarize the efficacy and mechanisms of NPs in the treatment of SLE and RA based on available findings including in vitro and in vivo animal models, as well as clinical studies, and further analyze the existing challenges, in order to provide comprehensive evidence for improvement of SLE and RA therapy by NPs and to promote management of these two autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming-Han Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Qin Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Hui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No.17 Lu Jiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, No.17 Lu Jiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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36
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Kotsafti A, Scarpa M, Castagliuolo I, Scarpa M. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antitumor Immunity-From Surveillance to Evasion. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1748. [PMID: 32630174 PMCID: PMC7409327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a crucial regulator of tumor biology with the capacity to support or inhibit cancer development, growth, invasion and metastasis. Emerging evidence show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not only mediators of oxidative stress but also players of immune regulation in tumor development. This review intends to discuss the mechanism by which ROS can affect the anti-tumor immune response, with particular emphasis on their role on cancer antigenicity, immunogenicity and shaping of the tumor immune microenvironment. Given the complex role that ROS play in the dynamics of cancer-immune cell interaction, further investigation is needed for the development of effective strategies combining ROS manipulation and immunotherapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andromachi Kotsafti
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | - Marco Scarpa
- General Surgery Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy;
| | | | - Melania Scarpa
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy;
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37
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Liang J, Ziegler JD, Jahraus B, Orlik C, Blatnik R, Blank N, Niesler B, Wabnitz G, Ruppert T, Hübner K, Balta E, Samstag Y. Piperlongumine Acts as an Immunosuppressant by Exerting Prooxidative Effects in Human T Cells Resulting in Diminished T H17 but Enhanced T reg Differentiation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1172. [PMID: 32595640 PMCID: PMC7303365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL), a natural small molecule derived from the Piper longum Linn plant, has received growing interest as a prooxidative drug with promising anticancer properties. Yet, the influence of PL on primary human T cells remained elusive. Knowledge of this is of crucial importance, however, since T cells in particular play a critical role in tumor control. Therefore, we investigated the effects of PL on the survival and function of primary human peripheral blood T cells (PBTs). While PL was not cytotoxic to PBTs, it interfered with several stages of T cell activation as it inhibited T cell/APC immune synapse formation, co-stimulation-induced upregulation of CD69 and CD25, T cell proliferation and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. PL-induced immune suppression was prevented in the presence of thiol-containing antioxidants. In line with this finding, PL increased the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and decreased glutathione in PBTs. Diminished intracellular glutathione was accompanied by a decrease in S-glutathionylation on actin suggesting a global alteration of the antioxidant response. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that TH17-related genes were predominantly inhibited by PL. Consistently, the polarization of primary human naïve CD4+ T cells into TH17 subsets was significantly diminished while differentiation into Treg cells was substantially increased upon PL treatment. This opposed consequence for TH17 and Treg cells was again abolished by thiol-containing antioxidants. Taken together, PL may act as a promising agent for therapeutic immunosuppression by exerting prooxidative effects in human T cells resulting in a diminished TH17 but enhanced Treg cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline D. Ziegler
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Jahraus
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Orlik
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renata Blatnik
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Blank
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- nCounter Core Facility, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido Wabnitz
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hübner
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emre Balta
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapies aiming to enhance T cell responses have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, although a small fraction of patients develops durable anti-tumor responses, the majority of patients display only transient responses, underlying the need for finding auxiliary approaches. Tumor microenvironment poses a major metabolic barrier to efficient anti-tumor T cell activity. As it is now well accepted that metabolism regulates T cell fate and function, harnessing metabolism may be a new strategy to potentiate T cell-based immunotherapies.
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39
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Galati D, Zanotta S, Polistina GE, Coppola A, Capitelli L, Bocchino M. Circulating dendritic cells are severely decreased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with a potential value for prognosis prediction. Clin Immunol 2020; 215:108454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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40
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Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, Al-Harbi NO, Alasmari AF, Al-Ayadhi LY, Alasmari F, Ibrahim KE, Attia SM, Bakheet SA. Upregulation of enzymatic antioxidants in CD4 + T cells of autistic children. Biochimie 2020; 171-172:205-212. [PMID: 32173487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder which begins in early childhood and presents itself with characteristic symptoms such as repetitive behavioral patterns and problems in speech/social interactions. Adaptive immune system is thought to be involved in the etiology of ASD. T cells orchestrate amplification of inflammation through release of inflammatory mediators; however, antioxidant defenses have not been evaluated in CD4+ T cells of ASD subjects. In this study we evaluated intracellular enzymatic antioxidant potential through measurement of major antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and GR) in ASD subjects and typically developing control (TDC) children and further assessed its role in modulation of inflammation. Our data reveal that there is an increase in antioxidant potential (SOD, GPx, GR) in CD4+ T cells of ASD subjects as compared to TDC children at both protein and activity level. Further, this antioxidant increase was associated with upregulated IL-17A levels in CD4+ T cells. This was corroborated by oxidant treatment in vitro. Pretreatment with oxidant, H2O2 led to attenuation of IL-17A levels along with increased oxidative stress in stimulated CD4+ T cells from ASD subjects. These data reveal that antioxidant play an essential role in modulation of inflammatory potential in CD4+ T cells of ASD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Y Al-Ayadhi
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, AL-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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41
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Mohanty S, Barik P, Debata N, Nagarajan P, Devadas S. iCa 2+ Flux, ROS and IL-10 Determines Cytotoxic, and Suppressor T Cell Functions in Chronic Human Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2020; 11:83. [PMID: 32210950 PMCID: PMC7068714 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaustion of CD8+ T cells and increased IL-10 production is well-known in chronic viral infections but mechanisms leading to loss of their cytotoxic capabilities and consequent exhaustion remain unclear. Exhausted CD8+T cells also called T suppressors are highly immune suppressive with altered T cell receptor signaling characteristics that mark it exclusively from their cytotoxic counterparts. Our study found that iCa2+ flux is reduced following T cell receptor activation in T suppressor cells when compared to their effector counterpart. Importantly chronic activation of murine cytotoxic CD8+ T cells lead to reduced iCa2+ influx, decreased IFN-γ and enhanced IL-10 production and this profile is mimicked in Tc1 cells upon reduction of iCa2+ flux by extracellular calcium channel inhibitors. Further reduced iCa2+ flux induced ROS which lead to IFN-γ reduction and increased IL-10 producing T suppressors through the STAT3—STAT5 axis. The above findings were substantiated by our human data where reduced iCa2+ flux in chronic Hepatitis infections displayed CD8+ T cells with low IFN-γ and increased IL-10 production. Importantly treatment with an antioxidant led to increased IFN-γ and reduced IL-10 production in human chronic Hep-B/C samples suggesting overall a proximal regulatory role for iCa2+ influx, ROS, and IL-10 in determining the effector/ suppressive axis of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Mohanty
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Prakash Barik
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Nagen Debata
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Experimental Animal Facility, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Devadas
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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42
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Bellanti F, Pannone G, Tartaglia N, Serviddio G. Redox Control of the Immune Response in the Hepatic Progenitor Cell Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:295. [PMID: 32435643 PMCID: PMC7218163 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver commonly self-regenerates by a proliferation of mature cell types. Nevertheless, in case of severe or protracted damage, the organ renewal is mediated by the hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), adult progenitors capable of differentiating toward the biliary and the hepatocyte lineages. This regeneration process is determined by the formation of a stereotypical niche surrounding the emerging progenitors. The organization of the HPC niche microenvironment is crucial to drive biliary or hepatocyte regeneration. Furthermore, this is the site of a complex immunological activity mediated by several immune and non-immune cells. Indeed, several cytokines produced by monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes may promote the activation of HPCs in the niche. On the other side, HPCs may produce pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by liver inflammation. The inflamed liver is characterized by high generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which in turn lead to the oxidation of macromolecules and the alteration of signaling pathways. Reactive species and redox signaling are involved in both the immunological and the adult stem cell regeneration processes. It is then conceivable that redox balance may finely regulate the immune response in the HPC niche, modulating the regeneration process and the immune activity of HPCs. In this perspective article, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of reactive species in the regulation of hepatic immunity, suggesting future research directions for the study of redox signaling on the immunomodulatory properties of HPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Center for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Bellanti,
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Institute of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Tartaglia
- Institute of General Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Center for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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43
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Skon-Hegg C, Zhang J, Wu X, Sagolla M, Ota N, Wuster A, Tom J, Doran E, Ramamoorthi N, Caplazi P, Monroe J, Lee WP, Behrens TW. LACC1 Regulates TNF and IL-17 in Mouse Models of Arthritis and Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:183-193. [PMID: 30510070 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Both common and rare genetic variants of laccase domain-containing 1 (LACC1, previously C13orf31) are associated with inflammatory bowel disease, leprosy, Behcet disease, and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. However, the functional relevance of these variants is unclear. In this study, we use LACC1-deficient mice to gain insight into the role of LACC1 in regulating inflammation. Following oral administration of Citrobacter rodentium, LACC1 knockout (KO) mice had more severe colon lesions compared with wildtype (WT) controls. Immunization with collagen II, a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, resulted in an accelerated onset of arthritis and significantly worse arthritis and inflammation in LACC1 KO mice. Similar results were obtained in a mannan-induced arthritis model. Serum and local TNF in CIA paws and C. rodentium colons were significantly increased in LACC1 KO mice compared with WT controls. The percentage of IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells was elevated in LACC1 KO mice undergoing CIA as well as aged mice compared with WT controls. Neutralization of IL-17, but not TNF, prevented enhanced mannan-induced arthritis in LACC1 KO mice. These data provide new mechanistic insight into the function of LACC1 in regulating TNF and IL-17 during inflammatory responses. We hypothesize that these effects contribute to immune-driven pathologies observed in individuals carrying LACC1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Skon-Hegg
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080; .,Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Xiumin Wu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Meredith Sagolla
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Naruhisa Ota
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Arthur Wuster
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Jennifer Tom
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Emma Doran
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Nandhini Ramamoorthi
- Department of Biomarker Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - John Monroe
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Timothy W Behrens
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
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44
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Sulforaphane as anticancer agent: A double-edged sword? Tricky balance between effects on tumor cells and immune cells. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:79-87. [PMID: 30528536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli. It has been reported to inhibit the growth of a variety of cancers, such as breast, prostate, colon, skin, lung, gastric or bladder cancer. SFN is supposed to act primarily as an antioxidant due to the activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway. This enhances the activity of phase II detoxifying enzymes and the trapping of free radicals. Finally, SFN induces cell cycle arrest or apoptosis of tumor cells. Here, we discuss effects of SFN on the immune defense system. In contrast to the situation in tumor cells, SFN acts pro-oxidatively in primary human T cells. It increases intracellular ROS levels and decreases GSH, resulting in inhibition of T cell activation and T cell effector functions. Regarding the use of SFN as an "anticancer agent" we conclude that SFN could act as a double-edged sword. On the one hand it reduces carcinogenesis, on the other hand it blocks the T cell-mediated immune response, the latter being important for immune surveillance of tumors. Thus, SFN could also interfere with the successful application of immunotherapy by immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g. CTLA-4 antibodies and PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies) or CAR T cells. Therefore, a combination of SFN with T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapies does not seem advisable.
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45
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Liang J, Jahraus B, Balta E, Ziegler JD, Hübner K, Blank N, Niesler B, Wabnitz GH, Samstag Y. Sulforaphane Inhibits Inflammatory Responses of Primary Human T-Cells by Increasing ROS and Depleting Glutathione. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2584. [PMID: 30487791 PMCID: PMC6246742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity and function of T-cells are influenced by the intra- and extracellular redox milieu. Oxidative stress induces hypo responsiveness of untransformed T-cells. Vice versa increased glutathione (GSH) levels or decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) prime T-cell metabolism for inflammation, e.g., in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, balancing the T-cell redox milieu may represent a promising new option for therapeutic immune modulation. Here we show that sulforaphane (SFN), a compound derived from plants of the Brassicaceae family, e.g., broccoli, induces a pro-oxidative state in untransformed human T-cells of healthy donors or RA patients. This manifested as an increase of intracellular ROS and a marked decrease of GSH. Consistently, increased global cysteine sulfenylation was detected. Importantly, a major target for SFN-mediated protein oxidation was STAT3, a transcription factor involved in the regulation of TH17-related genes. Accordingly, SFN significantly inhibited the activation of untransformed human T-cells derived from healthy donors or RA patients, and downregulated the expression of the transcription factor RORγt, and the TH17-related cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22, which play a major role within the pathophysiology of many chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. The inhibitory effects of SFN could be abolished by exogenously supplied GSH and by the GSH replenishing antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Together, our study provides mechanistic insights into the mode of action of the natural substance SFN. It specifically exerts TH17 prone immunosuppressive effects on untransformed human T-cells by decreasing GSH and accumulation of ROS. Thus, SFN may offer novel clinical options for the treatment of TH17 related chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Jahraus
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emre Balta
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacqueline D. Ziegler
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hübner
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Blank
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- nCounter Core Facility, Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Guido H. Wabnitz
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Section Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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46
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Glennon-Alty L, Hackett AP, Chapman EA, Wright HL. Neutrophils and redox stress in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:25-35. [PMID: 29605448 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or neutrophils, are specialist phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. Their primary role is host defence against micro-organisms, which they kill via phagocytosis, followed by release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteolytic enzymes within the phagosome. ROS are generated via the action of the NADPH oxidase (also known as NOX2), in a process termed the 'Respiratory Burst'. This process consumes large amounts of oxygen, which is converted into the highly-reactive superoxide radical O2- and H2O2. Subsequent activation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) generates secondary oxidants and chloroamines that are highly microbiocidal in nature, which together with proteases such as elastase and gelatinase provide a toxic intra-phagosomal environment able to kill a broad range of micro-organisms. However, under certain circumstances such as during an auto-immune response, neutrophils can be triggered to release ROS and proteases extracellularly causing damage to host tissues, modification of host proteins, lipids and DNA and dysregulation of oxidative homeostasis. This review describes the range of ROS species produced by human neutrophils with a focus on the implications of neutrophil redox products in autoimmune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Glennon-Alty
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, L7 8TX Liverpool, UK; Liverpool Health Partners, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Angela P Hackett
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, L7 8TX Liverpool, UK
| | - Elinor A Chapman
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, L7 8TX Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen L Wright
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby Street, L7 8TX Liverpool, UK.
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McGarry T, Biniecka M, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Hypoxia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:15-24. [PMID: 29601945 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory Arthritis is characterized by synovial proliferation, neovascularization and leukocyte extravasation leading to joint destruction and functional disability. Efficiency of oxygen supply to the synovium is poor due to the highly dysregulated synovial microvasculature. This along with the increased energy demands of activated infiltrating immune cells and inflamed resident cells leads to an hypoxic microenvironment and mitochondrial dysfunction. This favors an increase of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative damage which further promotes inflammation. In this adverse microenvironment synovial cells adapt to generate energy and switch their cell metabolism from a resting regulatory state to a highly metabolically active state which allows them to produce essential building blocks to support their proliferation. This metabolic shift results in the accumulation of metabolic intermediates which act as signaling molecules that further dictate the inflammatory response. Understanding the complex interplay between hypoxia-induced signaling pathways, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function will provide better insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy McGarry
- The Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monika Biniecka
- The Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Douglas J Veale
- The Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- The Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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48
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Rashida Gnanaprakasam JN, Wu R, Wang R. Metabolic Reprogramming in Modulating T Cell Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Antioxidant Capacity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1075. [PMID: 29868027 PMCID: PMC5964129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust adaptive immune response requires a phase of proliferative burst which is followed by the polarization of T cells into relevant functional subsets. Both processes are associated with dramatically increased bioenergetics demands, biosynthetic demands, and redox demands. T cells meet these demands by rewiring their central metabolic pathways that generate energy and biosynthetic precursors by catabolizing and oxidizing nutrients into carbon dioxide. Simultaneously, oxidative metabolism also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are tightly controlled by antioxidants and plays important role in regulating T cell functions. In this review, we discuss how metabolic rewiring during T cell activation influence ROS production and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephin N Rashida Gnanaprakasam
- Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruohan Wu
- Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer & Blood Diseases, Hematology/Oncology & BMT, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Jayashree S, Nirekshana K, Guha G, Bhakta-Guha D. Cancer chemotherapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis: A convoluted connection. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:894-911. [PMID: 29710545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most popular therapeutic strategies to treat cancer. However, cancer chemotherapeutics have often been associated with impairment of the immune system, which might consequently lead to an augmented risk of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Though the accurate mechanistic facets of rheumatoid arthritis induction have not been interpreted yet, a conglomeration of genetic and environmental factors might promote its etiology. What makes the scenario more challenging is that patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at a significantly elevated risk of developing various types of cancer. It is intriguing to note that diverse cancer chemotherapy drugs are also commonly used to treat symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. However, a colossal multitude of such cancer therapeutics has demonstrated highly varied results in rheumatoid arthritis patients, including both beneficial and adverse effects. Herein, we attempt to present a holistic account of the variegated modalities of this complex tripartite cross-talk between cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and chemotherapy drugs in order to decode the sinuous correlation between these two appalling pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jayashree
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Nirekshana
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gunjan Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Dipita Bhakta-Guha
- Cellular Dyshomeostasis Laboratory (CDHL), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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50
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Yarosz EL, Chang CH. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Regulating T Cell-mediated Immunity and Disease. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e14. [PMID: 29503744 PMCID: PMC5833121 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes rely on several metabolic processes to produce the high amounts of energy and metabolites needed to drive clonal expansion and the development of effector functions. However, many of these pathways result in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have canonically been thought of as cytotoxic agents due to their ability to damage DNA and other subcellular structures. Interestingly, ROS has recently emerged as a critical second messenger for T cell receptor signaling and T cell activation, but the sensitivity of different T cell subsets to ROS varies. Therefore, the tight regulation of ROS production by cellular antioxidant pathways is critical to maintaining proper signal transduction without compromising the integrity of the cell. This review intends to detail the common metabolic sources of intracellular ROS and the mechanisms by which ROS contributes to the development of T cell-mediated immunity. The regulation of ROS levels by the glutathione pathway and the Nrf2-Keap1-Cul3 trimeric complex will be discussed. Finally, T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases exacerbated by defects in ROS regulation will be further examined in order to identify potential therapeutic interventions for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Yarosz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cheong-Hee Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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