1
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Cvetkova S, Edinger S, Zimmermann D, Woll B, Stahl M, Scharfenberger-Schmeer M, Richling E, Durner D. 2-Aminoacetophenone formation through UV-C induced degradation of tryptophan in the presence of riboflavin in model wine: Role of oxygen and transition metals. Food Chem 2024; 459:140259. [PMID: 39089197 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
2-Aminoacetophenone is an off-flavor that can result from tryptophan degradation via riboflavin-photosensitized reaction. This study investigates the impact of light exposure, provided by a UV-C source, oxygen concentrations and transition metals on the formation of 2-aminoacetophenone in model wine containing tryptophan and riboflavin. Irrespective of oxygen and transition metals, >85% of tryptophan were degraded via first-order kinetics to unknown product(s). However, longer light exposure and more oxygen caused 2-aminoacetophenone concentrations to increase. Transition metals decelerated the 2-aminoacetophenone formation and acetaldehyde was formed suggesting photo-Fenton reaction occurred as a competitive reaction. The degradation rate of riboflavin inclined with less oxygen and in the presence of transition metals due to the depletion of oxygen by photo-Fenton reaction. Oxygen plays an important role in the regeneration of riboflavin and therefore must be seen as an intensifier for light-induced 2-aminoacetophenone formation. This paper provides new insights into riboflavin-photosensitized reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Cvetkova
- Weincampus Neustadt, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Sarah Edinger
- Weincampus Neustadt, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Daniel Zimmermann
- Weincampus Neustadt, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Benedikt Woll
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mario Stahl
- Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maren Scharfenberger-Schmeer
- Weincampus Neustadt, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Departmant of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dominik Durner
- Weincampus Neustadt, Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, 67435 Neustadt a. d. Weinstraße, Germany.
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2
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Gao Q, Hägglund P, Gamon LF, Davies MJ. Mapping of oxidative modifications on the alpha-keto glutarate dehydrogenase complex induced by singlet oxygen: effects on structure and activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2024:S0891-5849(24)00671-3. [PMID: 39299525 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The large multi-subunit mitochondrial alpha-keto glutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) complex plays a key, rate-determining, role in the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle, catalyzing the conversion of alpha-keto glutarate to succinyl-CoA. This complex is both a source and target of oxidants, but the sites of modification and association with structural changes and activity loss are poorly understood. We report here oxidative modifications induced by Rose Bengal (RB) in the presence of O2, a source of singlet oxygen (1O2). A rapid loss of activity was detected, with this being dependent on light exposure, illumination time, and the presence of RB and O2. Activity loss was enhanced by D2O (consistent with 1O2 involvement), but diminished by both pre- and (to a lesser extent) post-illumination addition of lipoic acid and lipoamide. Aggregates containing all three KGDH subunits were detected on photooxidation. LC-MS experiments provided evidence for oxidation at 45 sites, including specific Met, His, Trp, Tyr residues and the lipoyllysine active-site cofactor. Products include mono- and di-oxygenated species, and kynurenine from Trp. Mapping of the modifications to the 3-D structure showed that these are localized to both the inner channel and the external surface, consistent with reactions of free 1O2, however the sites and extent of modification do not correlate with their solvent accessibility. These products are generated concurrently with loss of activity, indicative of strong links between these events. These data provide evidence for the impairment of KGDH activity by 1O2 via the oxidation of specific residues on the protein subunits of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Per Hägglund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Luke F Gamon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael J Davies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
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3
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Farías JJ, Dántola ML, Thomas AH. Photosensitized Oxidation of Free and Peptide Tryptophan to N-Formylkynurenine. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1562-1573. [PMID: 39105764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The oxidation of proteins and, in particular, of tryptophan (Trp) residues leads to chemical modifications that can affect the structure and function. The oxidative damage to proteins in photochemical processes is relevant in the skin and eyes and is related to a series of pathologies triggered by exposure to electromagnetic radiation. In this work, we studied the photosensitized formation of N-formylkynurenine (NFKyn) from Trp in different reaction systems. We used two substrates: free Trp and a peptide of nine amino acid residues, with Trp being the only oxidizable residue. Two different photosensitizers were employed: Rose Bengal (RB) and pterin (Ptr). The former is a typical type II photosensitizer [acts by producing singlet oxygen (1O2)]. Ptr is the parent compound of oxidized or aromatic pterins, natural photosensitizers that accumulate in human skin under certain pathological conditions and act mainly through type I mechanisms (generation of radicals). Experimental data were collected in steady photolysis, and the irradiated solutions were analyzed by chromatography (HPLC). Results indicate that the reaction of Trp with 1O2 initiates the process leading to NFKyn, but different competitive pathways take place depending on the photosensitizer and the substrate. In Ptr-photosensitization, a type I mechanism is involved in secondary reactions accelerating the formation of NFKyn when free Trp is the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesuán J Farías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - M Laura Dántola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Andrés H Thomas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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4
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Colpaert T, Risseeuw M, Deventer K, Van Eenoo P. Investigating the detection of the novel doping‐relevant peptide kisspeptin‐10 in urine using liquid chromatography high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5946. [PMID: 38978171 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Kisspeptin-10 is a peptide hormone capable of increasing circulating follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels in humans. Clinically, these effects suggest its use as a treatment for infertility. However, its testosterone-increasing effect indicates potential misuse in sports. As such, it is included in the 2024 World Anti-Doping Agency Prohibited List. This work describes the successful validation of an initial testing procedure (screening) and a confirmation procedure for kisspeptin-10 in urine using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, kisspeptin-10 was incubated in human serum to mimic endogenous metabolism to improve method sensitivity, as previous research had demonstrated a rapid elimination time of only 30 min after injection (in rats). Four metabolites, corresponding to peptide fragments y9, y8, y7 and y5, were found and added to the ITP in full scan mode. A degradation product discovered during early experimentation was found to probably be caused by oxidation of the tryptophan residue into a kynurenine residue. Further research should elucidate the kinetic parameters of the reaction to improve product stability. Using the validated confirmation procedure, a black-market vial of kisspeptin-10 was analysed. The product contained no unexpected impurities, although it appeared to have undergone more degradation than the purchased reference standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibo Colpaert
- Doping Control Laboratory, Department Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn Risseeuw
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Deventer
- Doping Control Laboratory, Department Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Eenoo
- Doping Control Laboratory, Department Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Nuruzzaman M, Colella BM, Nizam ZM, Cho IJ, Zagorski J, Ohata J. Redox-neutral, metal-free tryptophan labeling of polypeptides in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). RSC Chem Biol 2024:d4cb00142g. [PMID: 39234575 PMCID: PMC11368038 DOI: 10.1039/d4cb00142g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the unmet needs for chemical tools to study biological roles of tryptophan in living systems, there has been a lack of chemical modification methods for tryptophan residues that can be used in cellular environments. Driven by a preliminary computational study of our previous research, this work experimentally examined our hypotheses to translate the metal-catalyzed tryptophan modification method in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) into a metal-free process. While one of the hypotheses merely confirmed the superiority of the thiophene-ethanol reagent developed in the previous report, the second hypothesis resulted in the identification of a trifluoroborate salt and an acidic ionic liquid as alternatives for the catalysis. Labeling of lysates of a human cell line was achieved with the acidic ionic liquid catalyst, where negative impacts of the tryptophan labeling and HFIP medium on the cellular samples were apparently insignificant. Because the labeling process does not require any redox mediators and is a formal redox-neutral reaction, the metal-free approach would be of use for tryptophan biology research potentially related to their various redox roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nuruzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Brandon M Colella
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Zeinab M Nizam
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Isaac JiHoon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Julia Zagorski
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Jun Ohata
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
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6
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Alves LDF, Moore JB, Kell DB. The Biology and Biochemistry of Kynurenic Acid, a Potential Nutraceutical with Multiple Biological Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9082. [PMID: 39201768 PMCID: PMC11354673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an antioxidant degradation product of tryptophan that has been shown to have a variety of cytoprotective, neuroprotective and neuronal signalling properties. However, mammalian transporters and receptors display micromolar binding constants; these are consistent with its typically micromolar tissue concentrations but far above its serum/plasma concentration (normally tens of nanomolar), suggesting large gaps in our knowledge of its transport and mechanisms of action, in that the main influx transporters characterized to date are equilibrative, not concentrative. In addition, it is a substrate of a known anion efflux pump (ABCC4), whose in vivo activity is largely unknown. Exogeneous addition of L-tryptophan or L-kynurenine leads to the production of KYNA but also to that of many other co-metabolites (including some such as 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine and quinolinic acid that may be toxic). With the exception of chestnut honey, KYNA exists at relatively low levels in natural foodstuffs. However, its bioavailability is reasonable, and as the terminal element of an irreversible reaction of most tryptophan degradation pathways, it might be added exogenously without disturbing upstream metabolism significantly. Many examples, which we review, show that it has valuable bioactivity. Given the above, we review its potential utility as a nutraceutical, finding it significantly worthy of further study and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana de Fátima Alves
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J. Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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7
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Nguyen NTH, Tran GT, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen DTC, Tran TV. Synthesis of MnFe 2O 4/activated carbon derived from durian shell waste for removal of indole in water: Optimization, modelling, and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 254:118883. [PMID: 38583658 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
While durian shell is often discharged into landfills, this waste can be a potential and zero-cost raw material to synthesize carbon-based adsorbents with purposes of saving costs and minimizing environmental contamination. Indole (IDO) is one of serious organic pollutants that influence aquatic species and human health; hence, the necessity for IDO removal is worth considering. Here, we synthesized a magnetic composite, denoted as MFOAC, based on activated carbon (AC) derived from durian shell waste incorporated with MnFe2O4 (MFO) to adsorb IDO in water. MFOAC showed a microporous structure, along with a high surface area and pore volume, at 518.9 m2/g, and 0.106 cm3/g, respectively. Optimization of factors affecting the IDO removal of MFOAC were implemented by Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms suggested a suitable model for MFOAC to remove IDO. MFOAC was recyclable with 3 cycles. Main interactions involving in the IDO adsorption mechanism onto MFOAC were clarified, including pore filling, n-π interaction, π-π interaction, Yoshida H-bonding, H-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhu Thi Huynh Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Giang Thanh Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam; Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
| | | | - Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
| | - Thuan Van Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
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8
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Li WZ, Song ZL, Li JL, Yu JH, Deng DJ, Cai XQ, J T Reaney M, Cai ZZ, Wang Y. Stability of tryptophan-containing LOs in flaxseed oil and their response towards γ-tocopherol. Food Chem 2024; 448:139026. [PMID: 38531298 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Linusorbs (LOs), significantly influence oil quality and sensory properties of flaxseed oil. Trp-containing LOs exhibit distinct oxidative behavior when γ-tocopherol (γ-T) is present. Polar fractions of crude flaxseed oil were stripped via silica absorption, and reintroduced (LO and γ-T) separately into the oil matrix to investigate their interaction during storage. Compared with crude oil, LOs account for 18.49% reduction of p-anisidine value, while LOs with γ-T contributed to most of the endogenous antioxidant effect in crude oil. γ-T was found to suppress oxidation of Trp-containing LO at early stage (Met form), while facilitate oxidation while at their mid-stage (MetO form, Methionine sulfoxide). In vitro oxidation shows that CLD more likely cleaved into peptide fragments, while few products retain intact ring structures. LC-MS/MS analysis and silicon simulation revealed proximity between MetO and Trp residues, facilitating inter- or intra-molecular reactions and ring structure rupture. Remarkably, the presence of γ-T facilitate these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Zhen Li
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zi-Liang Song
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jun-le Li
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-Hui Yu
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Du-Jian Deng
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 East Outer Ring Road, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Zi-Zhe Cai
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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9
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Wei W, Chu F, Chen G, Zhou S, Sun C, Feng H, Pan Y. Prebiotic Formation of Peptides Through Bubbling and Arc Plasma. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401809. [PMID: 38802327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The abiotic synthesis of peptides, widely regarded as one of the key chemical reactions on the prebiotic Earth, is thermodynamically constrained in solution. Herein, a simulation of the lightning phenomenon on the sea surface using bubble bursting and arc plasma under ambient conditions enables dipeptide formation of six amino acids with conversion ratios ranging from 2.6 % to 25.5 %. Additionally, we observed the formation of biologically active tripeptides and investigated the stereoselectivity of the dipeptide formation reaction. By utilizing a mixture of 20 amino acids in the reaction, 102 possible dipeptides were generated. These results establish experimental constructions to mimic achievable prebiotic conditions and provide a credible pathway for endogenous biopolymer synthesis on prebiotic Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fengjian Chu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Guanru Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongru Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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10
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024; 41:1301-1367. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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11
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Dowty ME, Qiu R, Dantonio A, Niosi M, Doran A, Balesano A, Wright SW, Walker GS, Sharma R. The Metabolism and Disposition of Brepocitinib in Humans and Characterization of the Formation Mechanism of an Aminopyridine Metabolite. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:690-702. [PMID: 38719744 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Brepocitinib is an oral once-daily Janus kinase 1 and Tyrosine kinase 2 selective inhibitor currently in development for the treatment of several autoimmune disorders. Mass balance and metabolic profiles were determined using accelerator mass spectrometry in six healthy male participants following a single oral 60 mg dose of 14C-brepocitinib (∼300 nCi). The average mass balance recovery was 96.7% ± 6.3%, with the majority of dose (88.0% ± 8.0%) recovered in urine and 8.7% ± 2.1% of the dose recovered in feces. Absorption of brepocitinib was rapid, with maximal plasma concentrations of total radioactivity and brepocitinib achieved within 0.5 hours after dosing. Circulating radioactivity consisted primarily of brepocitinib (47.8%) and metabolite M1 (37.1%) derived from hydroxylation at the C5' position of the pyrazole ring. Fractional contributions to metabolism via cytochrome P450 enzymes were determined to be 0.77 for CYP3A4/5 and 0.14 for CYP1A2 based on phenotyping studies in human liver microsomes. However, additional clinical studies are required to understand the potential contribution of CYP1A1. Approximately 83% of the dose was eliminated as N-methylpyrazolyl oxidative metabolites, with 52.1% of the dose excreted as M1 alone. Notably, M1 was not observed as a circulating metabolite in earlier metabolic profiling of human plasma from a multiple ascending dose study with unlabeled brepocitinib. Mechanistic studies revealed that M1 was highly unstable in human plasma and phosphate buffer, undergoing chemical oxidation leading to loss of the 5-hydroxy-1-methylpyrazole moiety and formation of aminopyrimidine cleavage product M2. Time-dependent inhibition and trapping studies with M1 yielded insights into the mechanism of this unusual and unexpected instability. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study provides a detailed understanding of the disposition and metabolism of brepocitinib, a JAK1/TYK2 inhibitor for atopic dermatitis, in humans as well as characterization of clearance pathways and pharmacokinetics of brepocitinib and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Dowty
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism (M.E.D.) and Clinical Pharmacology (R.Q.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (Al.D., M.N., An.D., A.B., S.W.W., G.S.W., R.S.)
| | - Ruolun Qiu
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism (M.E.D.) and Clinical Pharmacology (R.Q.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (Al.D., M.N., An.D., A.B., S.W.W., G.S.W., R.S.)
| | - Alyssa Dantonio
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism (M.E.D.) and Clinical Pharmacology (R.Q.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (Al.D., M.N., An.D., A.B., S.W.W., G.S.W., R.S.)
| | - Mark Niosi
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism (M.E.D.) and Clinical Pharmacology (R.Q.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (Al.D., M.N., An.D., A.B., S.W.W., G.S.W., R.S.)
| | - Angela Doran
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism (M.E.D.) and Clinical Pharmacology (R.Q.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (Al.D., M.N., An.D., A.B., S.W.W., G.S.W., R.S.)
| | - Amanda Balesano
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism (M.E.D.) and Clinical Pharmacology (R.Q.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (Al.D., M.N., An.D., A.B., S.W.W., G.S.W., R.S.)
| | - Stephen W Wright
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism (M.E.D.) and Clinical Pharmacology (R.Q.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (Al.D., M.N., An.D., A.B., S.W.W., G.S.W., R.S.)
| | - Gregory S Walker
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism (M.E.D.) and Clinical Pharmacology (R.Q.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (Al.D., M.N., An.D., A.B., S.W.W., G.S.W., R.S.)
| | - Raman Sharma
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism (M.E.D.) and Clinical Pharmacology (R.Q.), Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut (Al.D., M.N., An.D., A.B., S.W.W., G.S.W., R.S.)
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12
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Zhang M, Fu JJ, Mao JL, Dong XP, Chen YW. Correlations of dynamic changes in lipid and protein of salted large yellow croaker during storage. Food Res Int 2024; 186:114410. [PMID: 38729706 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Protein and lipid are two major components that undergo significant changes during processing of aquatic products. This study focused on the protein oxidation, protein conformational states, lipid oxidation and lipid molecule profiling of salted large yellow croaker during storage, and their correlations were investigated. The degree of oxidation of protein and lipid was time-dependent, leading to an increase in carbonyl content and surface hydrophobicity, a decrease in sulfhydryl groups, and an increase in conjugated diene, peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value. Oxidation caused protein structure denaturation and aggregation during storage. Lipid composition and content changed dynamically, with polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) was preferentially oxidized compared to polyunsaturated triacylglycerol. Correlation analysis showed that the degradation of polyunsaturated key differential lipids (PC 18:2_20:5, PC 16:0_22:6, PC 16:0_20:5, etc.) was closely related to the oxidation of protein and lipid. The changes in protein conformation and the peroxidation of polyunsaturated lipids mutually promote each other's oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jing-Jing Fu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310035, China
| | - Jun-Long Mao
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310035, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Dong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yue-Wen Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310035, China.
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13
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Esfandi R, Willmore WG, Tsopmo A. Structural characterization of peroxyl radical oxidative products of antioxidant peptides from hydrolyzed proteins. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30588. [PMID: 38765145 PMCID: PMC11101819 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to characterize oxidative products of five unique antioxidant peptides (P1: YFDEQNEQFR, P2: GQLLIVPQ, P3: SPFWNINAH, P4: NINAHSVVY, P5: RALPIDVL) from hydrolyzed oat proteins. Peptides were reacted with 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, a common peroxyl radical generator. Chromatographic data showed that peptide P3 was the most oxidized (67 ± 4 %) while also displaying the most ability to scavenge radicals in the oxygen absorbance capacity assay (ORAC) with an activity of 2.16 ± 0.09 μM Trolox equivalents/μM peptide. Structural characterization using mass spectrometry showed the presence of four oxidative products of P3, three of which were mono-oxygenated and the fourth di-oxygenated. The identification of these oxidative products is new and provides an opportunity to investigate their biological function. A good correlation (r = 0.889) between the degree of oxidation and the ORAC data, demonstrates the usefulness of using oxidative peptide data to predict their radical scavenging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramak Esfandi
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - William G. Willmore
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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14
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Nefedova A, Svensson FG, Vanetsev AS, Agback P, Agback T, Gohil S, Kloo L, Tätte T, Ivask A, Seisenbaeva GA, Kessler VG. Molecular Mechanisms in Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Tryptophan Interactions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8556-8566. [PMID: 38684718 PMCID: PMC11094791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
One of the crucial metabolic processes for both plant and animal kingdoms is the oxidation of the amino acid tryptophan (TRP) that regulates plant growth and controls hunger and sleeping patterns in animals. Here, we report revolutionary insights into how this process can be crucially affected by interactions with metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), creating a toolbox for a plethora of important biomedical and agricultural applications. Molecular mechanisms in TRP-NP interactions were revealed by NMR and optical spectroscopy for ceria and titania and by X-ray single-crystal study and a computational study of model TRP-polyoxometalate complexes, which permitted the visualization of the oxidation mechanism at an atomic level. Nanozyme activity, involving concerted proton and electron transfer to the NP surface for oxides with a high oxidative potential, like CeO2 or WO3, converted TRP in the first step into a tricyclic organic acid belonging to the family of natural plant hormones, auxins. TiO2, a much poorer oxidant, was strongly binding TRP without concurrent oxidation in the dark but oxidized it nonspecifically via the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in daylight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Nefedova
- Institute
of Physics, University of Tartu, W.Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fredric G. Svensson
- Department
of Solid State Physics, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 35, SE-75103 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Agback
- Department
of Molecular Science, BioCenter, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatiana Agback
- Department
of Molecular Science, BioCenter, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suresh Gohil
- Department
of Molecular Science, BioCenter, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Kloo
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Teknikringen 30, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tanel Tätte
- Institute
of Physics, University of Tartu, W.Ostwaldi 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Angela Ivask
- Institute
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University
of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva
- Department
of Molecular Science, BioCenter, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vadim G. Kessler
- Department
of Molecular Science, BioCenter, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Chidley C, Darnell AM, Gaudio BL, Lien EC, Barbeau AM, Vander Heiden MG, Sorger PK. A CRISPRi/a screening platform to study cellular nutrient transport in diverse microenvironments. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:825-838. [PMID: 38605144 PMCID: PMC11098743 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Blocking the import of nutrients essential for cancer cell proliferation represents a therapeutic opportunity, but it is unclear which transporters to target. Here we report a CRISPR interference/activation screening platform to systematically interrogate the contribution of nutrient transporters to support cancer cell proliferation in environments ranging from standard culture media to tumours. We applied this platform to identify the transporters of amino acids in leukaemia cells and found that amino acid transport involves high bidirectional flux dependent on the microenvironment composition. While investigating the role of transporters in cystine starved cells, we uncovered a role for serotonin uptake in preventing ferroptosis. Finally, we identified transporters essential for cell proliferation in subcutaneous tumours and found that levels of glucose and amino acids can restrain proliferation in that environment. This study establishes a framework for systematically identifying critical cellular nutrient transporters, characterizing their function and exploring how the tumour microenvironment impacts cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chidley
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alicia M Darnell
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Gaudio
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan C Lien
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Barbeau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Seager MD, Seager S, Bains W, Petkowski JJ. Stability of 20 Biogenic Amino Acids in Concentrated Sulfuric Acid: Implications for the Habitability of Venus' Clouds. ASTROBIOLOGY 2024; 24:386-396. [PMID: 38498680 PMCID: PMC11035925 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Scientists have long speculated about the potential habitability of Venus, not at the 700K surface, but in the cloud layers located at 48-60 km altitudes, where temperatures match those found on Earth's surface. However, the prevailing belief has been that Venus' clouds cannot support life due to the cloud chemical composition of concentrated sulfuric acid-a highly aggressive solvent. In this work, we study 20 biogenic amino acids at the range of Venus' cloud sulfuric acid concentrations (81% and 98% w/w, the rest water) and temperatures. We find 19 of the biogenic amino acids we tested are either unreactive (13 in 98% w/w and 12 in 81% w/w) or chemically modified in the side chain only, after 4 weeks. Our major finding, therefore, is that the amino acid backbone remains intact in concentrated sulfuric acid. These findings significantly broaden the range of biologically relevant molecules that could be components of a biochemistry based on a concentrated sulfuric acid solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell D. Seager
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Nanoplanet Consulting, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Seager
- Nanoplanet Consulting, Concord, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Bains
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Rufus Scientific, Royston, United Kingdom
| | - Janusz J. Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- JJ Scientific, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Asghar A, Lipfert D, Kerpen K, Schmidt TC. Elucidating the inhibitory effects of natural organic matter on the photodegradation of organic micropollutants: Atrazine as a probe compound. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141390. [PMID: 38325617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex mixture of heterogeneous compounds with varying functional groups and molecular sizes. Understanding the impact of NOM on the generation of photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) and their potential inhibitory effects on photolysis has remained challenging due to the variations in the reactivities and concentrations of these functional groups. To address this gap, tannic acid (TA), gallic acid (GA), catechin (CAT), and tryptophan (Trp), were chosen as potential substitutes for NOM. Their effects on the photochemical transformation process were evaluated and compared with the widely used Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM). Atrazine (ATZ) was selected as a probe organic micropollutant (OMP). In this investigation, a significantly higher concentration of HO• was observed compared to O21, and the triplet excited state ( NOM*3). The findings suggest that the substituted phenols, particularly those with carboxylate-substitutions, played a substantial role in HO• formation, while electron-rich moieties acted as antioxidants, consuming NOM*3. Hydroxyl, carboxylic, and amino acid were the active groups for O21 formation. However, the inhibitory effects induced by the NOM surrogates were significant and mainly attributed to the direct photolysis inhibition caused by the inner filter effect. The scope of this work was further extended to include SRNOM, where similar trends with less pronounced formation of PPRIs and inner filter effects were observed. Therefore, this study sheds some light on the role of the functional groups in NOM during photochemical transformations of OMPs, thereby deepening our understanding of their fate in aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Asghar
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Lipfert
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Kerpen
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 5, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitätsstraße 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstraße 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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18
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Soro AB, Botinestean C, Shokri S, Juge A, Hannon S, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, Bourke P, Poojary MM, Tiwari BK. Comparison of the impact of UV-light emitting diode and UV lamp at pilot-plant scale level on quality parameters and consumer perception of fresh chicken meat. Food Chem 2024; 434:137397. [PMID: 37725840 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the impact of two UV light devices: conventional UV lamp and UV-LED on the colour, pH, lipid and protein oxidation of fresh chicken breast meat aerobically stored at 4 °C for 10 days. Lipid oxidation was the most impacted quality attribute in UV lamp treated meat, unlike UV-LED that showed no effect compared to non-treated meat. Slight changes were observed in colour, pH and protein oxidation of chicken samples subjected to UV lamp and UV-LED. To evaluate these changes from a consumer perspective, the different treatment samples were stored at 4 °C for 3 days and colour likeness, odour likeness and overall appearance were assessed by consumer sensory analysis. However, alterations in quality parameters of chicken meat caused by UV light did not decrease overall acceptance in the sensory analysis. UV-LED was the preferred chicken meat by the participants, even compared to non-treated meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo B Soro
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland; UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Infectious Diseases in Humans, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | - Sajad Shokri
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Alexandre Juge
- Nantes-Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering University, 101 Rte de Gachet, 44300 Nantes, France.
| | - Shay Hannon
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
| | - Paul Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | | - Paula Bourke
- UCD School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mahesha M Poojary
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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19
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Wang M, Vollstedt C, Siebels B, Yu H, Wu X, Shen L, Li J, Liu Y, Yu R, Streit WR, Zeng W. Extracellular proteins enhance Cupriavidus pauculus nickel tolerance and cell aggregate formation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130133. [PMID: 38043689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-resistant bacteria secrete extracellular proteins (e-PNs). However, the role of e-PNs in heavy metal resistance remains elusive. Here Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy implied that N-H, C = O and NH2-R played a crucial role in the adsorption and resistance of Ni2+ in the model organism Cuprividus pauculus 1490 (C. pauculus). Proteinase K treatment reduced Ni2+ resistance of C. pauculus underlining the essential role of e-PNs. Further three-dimension excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that tryptophan proteins as part of the e-PNs increased significantly with Ni2+ treatment. Proteomic and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data indicated that major changes were induced in the metabolism of C. pauculus in response to Ni2+. Among those lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, general secretion pathways, Ni2+-affiliated transporters and multidrug efflux play an essential role in Ni2+ resistance. Altogether the results provide a conceptual model for comprehending how e-PNs contribute to bacterial resistance and adsorption of Ni2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22609, Germany
| | - Christel Vollstedt
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22609, Germany
| | - Bente Siebels
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Huang Yu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xueling Wu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Li Shen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jiaokun Li
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yuandong Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Runlan Yu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22609, Germany.
| | - Weimin Zeng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410083, China.
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20
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Barbieri E, Mollica GN, Moore BD, Sripada SA, Shastry S, Kilgore RE, Loudermilk CM, Whitacre ZH, Kilgour KM, Wuestenhagen E, Aldinger A, Graalfs H, Rammo O, Schulte MM, Johnson TF, Daniele MA, Menegatti S. Peptide ligands targeting the vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) protein for the affinity purification of lentivirus particles. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:618-639. [PMID: 37947118 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent uptick in the approval of ex vivo cell therapies highlights the relevance of lentivirus (LV) as an enabling viral vector of modern medicine. As labile biologics, however, LVs pose critical challenges to industrial biomanufacturing. In particular, LV purification-currently reliant on filtration and anion-exchange or size-exclusion chromatography-suffers from long process times and low yield of transducing particles, which translate into high waiting time and cost to patients. Seeking to improve LV downstream processing, this study introduces peptides targeting the enveloped protein Vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) to serve as affinity ligands for the chromatographic purification of LV particles. An ensemble of candidate ligands was initially discovered by implementing a dual-fluorescence screening technology and a targeted in silico approach designed to identify sequences with high selectivity and tunable affinity. The selected peptides were conjugated on Poros resin and their LV binding-and-release performance was optimized by adjusting the flow rate, composition, and pH of the chromatographic buffers. Ligands GKEAAFAA and SRAFVGDADRD were selected for their high product yield (50%-60% of viral genomes; 40%-50% of HT1080 cell-transducing particles) upon elution in PIPES buffer with 0.65 M NaCl at pH 7.4. The peptide-based adsorbents also presented remarkable values of binding capacity (up to 3·109 TU per mL of resin, or 5·1011 vp per mL of resin, at the residence time of 1 min) and clearance of host cell proteins (up to a 220-fold reduction of HEK293 HCPs). Additionally, GKEAAFAA demonstrated high resistance to caustic cleaning-in-place (0.5 M NaOH, 30 min) with no observable loss in product yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Barbieri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gina N Mollica
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandyn D Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sobhana A Sripada
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shriarjun Shastry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan E Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Casee M Loudermilk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary H Whitacre
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katie M Kilgour
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas F Johnson
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael A Daniele
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center (BTEC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- North Carolina Viral Vector Initiative in Research and Learning (NC-VVIRAL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- LigaTrap Technologies LLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Mezzina L, Nicosia A, Barone L, Vento F, Mineo PG. Water-Soluble Star Polymer as a Potential Photoactivated Nanotool for Lysozyme Degradation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:301. [PMID: 38276709 PMCID: PMC10819795 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of nanotools for chemical sensing and macromolecular modifications is a new challenge in the biomedical field, with emphasis on artificial peptidases designed to cleave peptide bonds at specific sites. In this landscape, metal porphyrins are attractive due to their ability to form stable complexes with amino acids and to generate reactive oxygen species when irradiated by light of appropriate wavelengths. The issues of hydrophobic behavior and aggregation in aqueous environments of porphyrins can be solved by using its PEGylated derivatives. This work proposes the design of an artificial photo-protease agent based on a PEGylated mercury porphyrin, able to form a stable complex with l-Tryptophan, an amino acid present also in the lysozyme structure (a well-known protein model). The sensing and photodegradation features of PEGylated mercury porphyrin were exploited to detect and degrade both l-Trp and lysozyme using ROS, generated under green (532 nm) and red (650 nm) light lasers. The obtained system (Star3600_Hg) and its behavior as a photo-protease agent were studied by means of several spectroscopies (UV-Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism), and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, showing the cleavage of lysozyme and the appearance of several short-chain residues. The approach of this study paves the way for potential applications in theranostics and targeted bio-medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mezzina
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR of Catania, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (L.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Angelo Nicosia
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR of Catania, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (L.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Laura Barone
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR of Catania, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (L.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabiana Vento
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR of Catania, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (L.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Placido Giuseppe Mineo
- Department of Chemical Sciences and INSTM UdR of Catania, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (L.B.); (F.V.)
- Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, National Research Council (IPCF-CNR), Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 37, I-98158 Messina, Italy
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, I-95126 Catania, Italy
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22
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Szopa D, Izydorczyk G, Chojnacka K, Witek-Krowiak A. Evaluation of the feasibility of using inorganic and organic acids for the extraction of amino acids from high-protein material (mealworm larvae) by chemical hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119479. [PMID: 37944317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
High-protein mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) were treated with organic and inorganic acids in order to check the feasibility of applying acid hydrolyzates derived from them. Hydrolysis was optimized for the highest content of amino acids that have beneficial effects on plant development. The response surface method served the purpose of selecting optimal process conditions for such media as phosphoric acid, citric acid, acetic acid and mixtures of phosphoric and citric acids. The elemental composition of the best formulations and their amino acid profile was determined. Plant tests on cucumber (germination and pot tests) revealed the beneficial effect of the hydrolyzates on plant biometric parameters. By offering valuable insights into the relationship between fertilizer treatments and plant growth, our study contributes to developing sustainable agricultural practices and improved crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Szopa
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Izydorczyk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
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23
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Kang S, Bai Q, Qin Y, Liang Q, Hu Y, Li S, Luan G. Film-forming properties and mechanisms of soy protein: Insights from β-conglycinin and glycinin. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127611. [PMID: 37879573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on soy protein films; however, limited information is available regarding the influence of the major components, β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S), on the film-forming properties of soy protein. This study aimed to isolate the 7S and 11S fractions in order to prepare films and investigate the impact of varying 7S/11S ratios on the film-forming solutions (FFS) and film properties. The findings revealed that higher 11S ratios led to increased protein aggregation, consequently elevating the storage modulus (G') of the FFS. Notably, an optimal 7S/11S ratio of 7S1:11S2 (CF3) significantly enhanced the film's water resistance. Specifically, it enhanced the water contact angle by an impressive 17.44 % and reduced the water vapor transmission rate by 27.56 %. These improvements were attributed to intermolecular interactions, involving hydrogen bonds and salt bridges, between the amino acid residues of 7S and 11S. As a result, a more uniform and dense microstructure was achieved. Interestingly, the mechanical and optical properties of the film were maintained by the different protein fractions examined. In summary, this study contributes to the understanding of the film-forming properties of soy protein, particularly the role of 7S and 11S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qinbo Bai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yana Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiuhong Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yayun Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Shengkai Li
- Seed Station of Xining City, Xining 810016, China
| | - Guangzhong Luan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for Grain Processing Technologies, Yangling 712100, China; Seed Station of Xining City, Xining 810016, China.
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24
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Arvinte A, Lungoci AL, Coroaba A, Pinteala M. Electrochemical Sensor for Tryptophan Determination Based on Trimetallic-CuZnCo-Nanoparticle-Modified Electrodes. Molecules 2023; 29:28. [PMID: 38202611 PMCID: PMC10779962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The superior properties of electrodeposited trimetallic CuZnCo nanoparticles, arising from the synergistic effect of combining the unique features of metallic components, were confirmed using voltametric measurements. The surface morphology and structure of the as-prepared electrocatalysts were determined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. Here, the trimetallic CuZnCo nanoparticles were synthesized as a powerful redox probe and highly efficient signal amplifier for the electrochemical oxidation of tryptophan. Differential pulse voltammetry studies showed a linear relationship with a tryptophan concentration of 5-230 μM, and the low detection limit was identified at 1.1 μM with a sensitivity of 0.1831 μA μM-1 cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina Arvinte
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania (A.C.); (M.P.)
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25
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König S, Marco HG, Gäde G. Oxidation Products of Tryptophan and Proline in Adipokinetic Hormones-Artifacts or Post-Translational Modifications? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2315. [PMID: 38137917 PMCID: PMC10744910 DOI: 10.3390/life13122315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) regulate important physiological processes in insects. AKHs are short peptides with blocked termini and Trp in position 8. Often, proline occupies position 6. Few post-translational modifications have been found, including hydroxyproline ([Hyp6]) and kynurenine. Our recent data suggest that the Hyp- and Kyn-containing AKHs occur more often than originally thought and we here investigate if they are natural or artifactual. METHODS From crude extracts of the corpora cardiaca (CC) of various insect species, AKHs were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Synthetic [Hyp6]-AKHs were tested in an in vivo metabolic assay. Freshly dissected Periplaneta americana and Blaberus atropos CCs (with precautions taken against oxidation) were analyzed. B. atropos CC were placed into a depolarizing saline and the released AKHs were measured. RESULTS Hyp was detected in several decapeptides from cockroaches. The modified form accompanied the AKH at concentrations below 7%. The [Hyp6]-AKHs of B. atropos were present in fresh CC preparations and were shown to be releasable from the CC ex vivo. Synthetic [Hyp6]-containing peptides tested positively in a hypertrehalosemic bioassay. Hydroxyprolination was also detected for Manto-CC from the termite Kalotermes flavicollis and for Tetsu-AKH of the grasshopper, Tetrix subulata. Oxidized Trp-containing forms of Nicve-AKH were found in species of the burying beetle genus Nicrophorus. CONCLUSIONS Trp oxidation is known to occur easily during sample handling and is likely the reason for the present findings. For hydroxyprolination, however, the experimental evidence suggests endogenous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone König
- IZKF Core Unit Proteomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, University of Münster, Röntgenstr. 21, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heather G. Marco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (H.G.M.); (G.G.)
| | - Gerd Gäde
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (H.G.M.); (G.G.)
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26
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Figueroa JD, Barroso-Torres N, Morales M, Herrera B, Aranda M, Dorta E, López-Alarcón C. Antioxidant Capacity of Free and Peptide Tryptophan Residues Determined by the ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) Assay Is Modulated by Radical-Radical Reactions and Oxidation Products. Foods 2023; 12:4360. [PMID: 38231845 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assay is commonly employed for determining the antioxidant capacity of bioactive peptides. To gain insights into the meaning of this index for peptides containing a single Trp, we studied the consumption of this residue and fluorescein (FLH, the probe of ORAC method), induced by radicals generated by AAPH (2,2'-Azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride) thermolysis. ORAC values were rationalized from kinetics and computational calculations of bond dissociation energies (BDE) of the N-H bond (indole ring of Trp). Free Trp, di- and tri- peptides, and three larger peptides were studied. Solutions containing 70 nM FLH, 1-5 μM free Trp or peptides, and 10 mM AAPH were incubated at 37 °C in phosphate buffer. Kinetic studies showed that FLH minimally affected Trp consumption. However, a clear protection of FLH, characterized by pseudo-lag times, was evidenced, reflecting radical-radical reactions and FLH repairing. Peptides showed similar ORAC values (~1.9-2.8 Trolox equivalents), while BDE varied between 91.9 and 103.5 kcal. These results, added to the protection of FLH observed after total consumption of Trp, indicate a lack of discrimination of the assay for the chemical structure of peptides and the contribution of oxidation products to the index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Figueroa
- Departamento de Química Física, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Noreima Barroso-Torres
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), 38270 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Marcela Morales
- Departamento de Química Física, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Bárbara Herrera
- Departamento de Química Física, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Mario Aranda
- Escuela de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Eva Dorta
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias (ICIA), 38270 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
| | - Camilo López-Alarcón
- Departamento de Química Física, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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27
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Montua N, Sewald N. Extended Biocatalytic Halogenation Cascades Involving a Single-Polypeptide Regeneration System for Diffusible FADH 2. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300478. [PMID: 37549375 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent halogenases have attracted increasing interest for aryl halogenation at unactivated C-H positions because they are characterised by high regioselectivity, while requiring only FADH2 , halide salts, and O2 . Their use in combined crosslinked enzyme aggregates (combiCLEAs) together with an NADH-dependent flavin reductase and an NADH-regeneration system for the preparative halogenation of tryptophan and indole derivatives has been previously described. However, multiple cultivations and protein purification steps are necessary for their production. We present a bifunctional regeneration enzyme for two-step catalytic flavin regeneration using phosphite as an inexpensive sacrificial substrate. This fusion protein proved amenable to co-expression with various flavin-dependent Trp-halogenases and enables carrier-free immobilisation as combiCLEAs from a single cultivation for protein production and the preparative synthesis of halotryptophan. The scalability of this system was demonstrated by fed-batch fermentation in bench-top bioreactors on a 2.5 L scale. Furthermore, the inclusion of a 6-halotryptophan-specific dioxygenase into the co-expression strain further converts the halogenation product to the kynurenine derivative. This reaction cascade enables the one-pot synthesis of l-4-Cl-kynurenine and its brominated analogue on a preparative scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Montua
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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28
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Han Q, Su Y, Smith KM, Binns J, Drummond CJ, Darmanin C, Greaves TL. Probing ion-binding at a protein interface: Modulation of protein properties by ionic liquids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:1393-1405. [PMID: 37480654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Ions are important to modulate protein properties, including solubility and stability, through specific ion effects. Ionic liquids (ILs) are designer salts with versatile ion combinations with great potential to control protein properties. Although protein-ion binding of common metals is well-known, the IL effect on proteins is not well understood. Here, we employ the model protein lysozyme in dilute and concentrated IL solutions to determine the specific ion binding effect on protein phase behaviour, activity, size and conformational change, aggregation and intermolecular interactions. A combination of spectroscopic techniques, activity assays, small-angle X-ray scattering, and crystallography highlights that ILs, particularly their anions, bind to specific sites in the protein hydration layer via polar contacts on charged, polar and aromatic residues. The specific ion binding can induce more flexible loop regions in lysozyme, while the ion binding in the bulk phase can be more dynamic in solution. Overall, the protein behaviour in ILs depends on the net effect of nonspecific interactions and specific ion binding. Compared to formate, the nitrate anion induced high protein solubility, low activity, elongated shape and aggregation, which is largely owing to its higher propensity for ion binding. These findings provide new insights into protein-IL binding interactions and using ILs to modulate protein properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Han
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yuyu Su
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kate M Smith
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen-PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jack Binns
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Calum J Drummond
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Connie Darmanin
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, School of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Tamar L Greaves
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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29
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Archipowa N, Wittmann L, Köckenberger J, Ertl FJ, Gleixner J, Keller M, Heinrich MR, Kutta RJ. Characterization of Fluorescent Dyes Frequently Used for Bioimaging: Photophysics and Photocatalytical Reactions with Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9532-9542. [PMID: 37903729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of the rhodamine-based dye 5-TAMRA (5-carboxy-tetramethylrhodamine) and the indocarbocyanine-type Cy3B (cyclized derivative of the cyanine dye Cy3), both representing important fluorophores frequently used for the labeling of biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids) and bioactive compounds, such as receptor ligands, were photophysically investigated in aqueous solution, i.e., in neat phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and in PBS supplemented with 1 wt % bovine serum albumin (BSA). The dyes exhibit comparable absorption (λabs,max: 550-569 nm) and emission wavelengths (λem,max: 580-582 nm), and similar S1 lifetimes (2.27-2.75 ns), and their excited state deactivation proceeds mainly via the lowest excited singlet state (triplet quantum yield ca. 1%). However, the probes show marked differences with respect to their fluorescence quantum yield and photostability. While 5-TAMRA shows a lower quantum yield (37-39%) than the Cy3B derivative (ca. 57%), its photostability is considerably higher compared to Cy3B. Generally, the impact of the protein on the photophysics is low. However, on prolonged illumination, both fluorescent dyes undergo a photocatalytic reaction with tryptophan residues of BSA mediated by sensitized singlet oxygen resulting in a tryptophan photoproduct with an absorption maximum around 330 nm. The overall results of this work will assist in choosing the right dye for the labeling of bioactive compounds, and the study demonstrates that experiments performed with 5-TAMRA or Cy3B-labeled compounds in a biological environment may be influenced by photochemical modification of experimentally relevant proteins at aromatic amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Archipowa
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Preclinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Wittmann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Köckenberger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian J Ertl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Gleixner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Max Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Martineau-Côté D, Achouri A, Pitre M, Wanasundara J, Karboune S, L'Hocine L. Investigation of the nutritional quality of raw and processed Canadian faba bean (Vicia faba L.) flours in comparison to pea and soy using a human in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113264. [PMID: 37803577 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Faba bean is an ancient legume that is regaining interest due to its environmental and nutritional benefits. Very little is known on the protein quality of the new faba bean varieties. In this study, the digestibility and the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) of the protein quality of three Canadian faba bean varieties (Fabelle, Malik and Snowbird) were compared to pea and soy using the harmonized in vitro digestion procedure developed by the International Network of Excellence on the Fate of Food in the Gastrointestinal Tract (INFOGEST). The impact of boiling on the nutritional quality of faba bean flours was also ascertained. Protein content in faba bean (28.7-32.5%) was lower than defatted soy (56.6%) but higher than pea (24.2%). Total phenolics and phytate content were higher (p < 0.05) in faba bean (2.1-2.4 mg/g and 11.5-16.4 mg/g respectively) and soy (2.4 mg/g and 19.8 mg/g respectively) comparatively to pea (1.3 mg/g and 8.9 mg/g). Trypsin inhibitor activity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in soy (15.4 mg/g) comparatively to pea (0.7 mg/g) and faba bean (0.8-1.1 mg/g). The digestibility of free amino acids of raw faba bean flours ranged from 31 to 39% while the digestibility of total amino acids ranged from 38 to 39%. The in vitro Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (IV-DIAAS) of raw faba bean flours ranged from 13 to 16 (when calculated based on free amino acid digestibility) to 32-38 (when calculated based on total amino acid digestibility) and was in a similar range to pea (13-31) and soy (11-40). Boiling modified the protein electrophoretic profile and decreased trypsin inhibitor activity (30-86% reduction), while total phenolics and phytate content were unaffected. The IV-DIAAS significantly decreased in all boiled legumes, possibly due to an increased protein aggregation leading into a lower protein digestibility (18-32% reduction). After boiling, the nutritional quality of faba bean was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than soy, but higher than pea. Our results demonstrate that faba bean has a comparable protein quality than other legumes and could be used in similar food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Martineau-Côté
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada; Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Allaoua Achouri
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
| | - Mélanie Pitre
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
| | - Janitha Wanasundara
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada.
| | - Salwa Karboune
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Lamia L'Hocine
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada.
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31
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Huang CY, Liao HW, Hu TM. Chemical reactivity of the tryptophan/acetone/DMSO triad system and its potential applications in nanomaterial synthesis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29802-29808. [PMID: 37829717 PMCID: PMC10566338 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06596k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported a novel browning reaction of amino acids and proteins in an organic solvent mixture composed of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetone. The reaction proceeds under surprisingly mild conditions, requiring no heating or additional reactants or catalysts. This present study aimed to investigate the chemical reactivity of the triad reaction system of l-tryptophan/aectone/DMSO. We demonstrated that, in DMSO, l-tryptophan initially catalyzed the self-aldol condensation of acetone, resulting in the formation of mesityl oxide (MO). Furthermore, we showed that the three-component system evolved into a diverse chemical space, producing various indole derivatives with aldehyde or ketone functional groups that exhibited self-assembling and nanoparticle-forming capabilities. We highlight the potential applications in nanomaterial synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 112304 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 112304 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Teh-Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University 112304 Taipei Taiwan
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Gowthami N, Pursotham N, Dey G, Ghose V, Sathe G, Pruthi N, Shukla D, Gayathri N, Santhoshkumar R, Padmanabhan B, Chandramohan V, Mahadevan A, Srinivas Bharath MM. Neuroanatomical zones of human traumatic brain injury reveal significant differences in protein profile and protein oxidation: Implications for secondary injury events. J Neurochem 2023; 167:218-247. [PMID: 37694499 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant neurological deficits and long-term degenerative changes. Primary injury in TBI entails distinct neuroanatomical zones, i.e., contusion (Ct) and pericontusion (PC). Their dynamic expansion could contribute to unpredictable neurological deterioration in patients. Molecular characterization of these zones compared with away from contusion (AC) zone is invaluable for TBI management. Using proteomics-based approach, we were able to distinguish Ct, PC and AC zones in human TBI brains. Ct was associated with structural changes (blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, neuroinflammation, axonal injury, demyelination and ferroptosis), while PC was associated with initial events of secondary injury (glutamate excitotoxicity, glial activation, accumulation of cytoskeleton proteins, oxidative stress, endocytosis) and AC displayed mitochondrial dysfunction that could contribute to secondary injury events and trigger long-term degenerative changes. Phosphoproteome analysis in these zones revealed that certain differentially phosphorylated proteins synergistically contribute to the injury events along with the differentially expressed proteins. Non-synaptic mitochondria (ns-mito) was associated with relatively more differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) compared to synaptosomes (Syn), while the latter displayed increased protein oxidation including tryptophan (Trp) oxidation. Proteomic analysis of immunocaptured complex I (CI) from Syn revealed increased Trp oxidation in Ct > PC > AC (vs. control). Oxidized W272 in the ND1 subunit of CI, revealed local conformational changes in ND1 and the neighboring subunits, as indicated by molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). Taken together, neuroanatomical zones in TBI show distinct protein profile and protein oxidation representing different primary and secondary injury events with potential implications for TBI pathology and neurological status of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niya Gowthami
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithya Pursotham
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gourav Dey
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vivek Ghose
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nupur Pruthi
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhaval Shukla
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narayanappa Gayathri
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rashmi Santhoshkumar
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Balasundaram Padmanabhan
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology (SIT), Tumakuru, India
| | - Anita Mahadevan
- Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M M Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Jiang Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Ying M, Xiao F, Chen M, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Analysis of Fecal Microbiota in Patients with Hypertension Complicated with Ischemic Stroke. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:787-803. [PMID: 37750965 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a disease with a very high incidence in the clinic, and hypertension is the most important variable risk factor of ischemic stroke. Studies have shown that intestinal microbes are involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases. This study aims to explore whether intestinal microbes play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke in a hypertensive population. In this study, the inpatients in the Department of Neurology and Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University in April 2021 were selected, including seven patients with hypertension complicated with ischemic stroke and only seven patients with hypertension. After collecting the stool samples of patients, the gene sequence of the samples was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing technology, and the double-ended 2 × 150 bp sequencing was carried out. After sequencing, the results were analyzed by diversity analysis, species difference analysis, species function difference analysis, and other bioinformatics tests. According to the test results, serum proteomics and biochemical blood tests were carried out to verify. There was no significant difference in α diversity and β diversity between hypertension complicated with the cerebral infarction and hypertension groups. LEfSe analysis showed that at the genus level, compared with the hypertension group, Bacteroides, UCG_009, and Eisenbergiella had significantly increased relative abundance. The genera with relatively significantly reduced abundance are Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, Sutterellaceae, Burkholderia, and Prevotella and the LDA score of Prevotella is < - 4, which indicates that there are significant differences. Compared with the blood biochemical indexes, the results showed that the level of APOA1 in hypertensive patients with ischemic stroke was significantly higher than that in hypertensive patients (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), apolipoprotein B (APOB), and free fatty acid (NEFA). Proteomic analysis showed that there were 89 up-regulated genes and 51 down-regulated genes in the serum of the two groups, and the expression of APOC2 and APOC3 in the cerebral infarction group with hypertension was significantly higher than that in the hypertension group (p < 0.05). The intestinal diversity of patients with hypertension complicated with stroke is similar to that of patients with hypertension, but there are differences in microbiota, among which Prevotella is the most significant. Prevotella could affect lipid metabolism so that APOC2 and APOC3 in the blood are significantly increased, leading to cerebral artery atherosclerosis and, finally, ischemic stroke. This provides a new idea for preventing and treating ischemic stroke in patients with hypertension, but the mechanism of Prevotella acting on apolipoprotein needs further verification by basic medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Street, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Chunhua Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University, (Shandong Academy Of Medical Sciences), No. 6699, Qingdao Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Street, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Mei Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Street, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Street, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Street, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Continuing Education, Shandong First Medical University, No. 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, Shandong Province, 271016, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 706 Taishan Street, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
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Liu X, Yang L, Zhang G, Ling J. Neuroprotective Effects of Phenolic Antioxidant Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) in Brain Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4909-4923. [PMID: 37191855 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Human life and health are gravely threatened by brain diseases. The onset and progression of the illnesses are influenced by a variety of factors, including pathogenic causes, environmental factors, mental issues, etc. According to scientific studies, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a significant role in the development and incidence of brain diseases by producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative tissue damage to induce inflammation and apoptosis. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and oxidative stress-related changes are inseparable factors in the etiology of several brain diseases. Numerous neurodegenerative diseases have undergone substantial research into the therapeutic alternatives that target oxidative stress, the function of oxidative stress, and the possible therapeutic use of antioxidants. Formerly, tBHQ is a synthetic phenolic antioxidant, which has been widely used as a food additive. According to recent researches, tBHQ can suppress the processes that lead to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which offers a fresh approach to treating brain diseases. In order to achieve the goal of decreasing inflammation and apoptosis, tBHQ is a specialized nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) activator that decreases oxidative stress and enhances antioxidant status by upregulating the Nrf2 gene and reducing nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activity. This article reviews the effects of tBHQ on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in recent years and looks into how tBHQ inhibits neuroinflammation and oxidative stress through human, animal, and cell experiments to play a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), stroke, depression, and Parkinson's disease (PD). It is anticipated that this article will be useful as a reference for upcoming research and the creation of drugs to treat brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Luodan Yang
- College of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Jianya Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Abstract
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank H Quina
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fu J, Nakata Y, Itoh H, Panthee S, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K, Inoue M. Molecular Editing Enhances Oxidation Resistance of Menaquinone-Targeting Antibiotics Lysocin E and WAP-8294A2. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301224. [PMID: 37328428 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lysocin E (1 a) and WAP-8294A2 (2 a) are peptidic natural products with 37- and 40-membered macrocycles, respectively. Compounds 1 a and 2 a have potent antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria and share a unique mode of action. The electron-rich indole ring of d-Trp-10 of 1 a and 2 a interacts with the electron-deficient benzoquinone ring of menaquinone, which is a co-enzyme in the bacterial respiratory chain. Formation of the electron-donor-acceptor complex causes membrane disruption, leading to cell death. Despite the promising activities of 1 a and 2 a, the susceptibility of Trp-10 to oxidative degradation potentially deters the development of these compounds as antibacterial drugs. To address this issue, we replaced the indole ring with more oxidation-resistant aromatics having a similar shape and electron-rich character. Specifically, analogues with benzofuran (1 b/2 b), benzothiophene (1 c/2 c), and 1-naphthalene (1 d/2 d) rings were designed, and chemically prepared by full solid-phase total syntheses. Antibacterial assays of the six analogues revealed similar activities of 1 d/2 d and markedly reduced activities of 1 b/2 b and 1 c/2 c compared with 1 a/2 a. Equipotent 1 d and 2 d both showed high resistance to oxidation by peroxyl radicals. Hence, the present study demonstrates a new molecular editing strategy for conferring oxidation stability on natural products with pharmacologically useful functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Fu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Suresh Panthee
- GenEndeavor LLC, 26219 Eden Landing Rd, Hayward, CA, 94545, USA
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamamoto
- Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, 359 Otsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0395, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Gupta A, Venkatesh AR, Arora K, Guptasarma P. Avoidance of the use of tryptophan in buried chromosomal proteins as a mechanism for reducing photo/oxidative damage to genomes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 245:112733. [PMID: 37311303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In cells that are exposed to terrestrial sunlight, the indole moiety in the side chain of tryptophan (Trp) can suffer photo/oxidative damage (POD) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or ultraviolet light (UV-B). Trp is oxidized to produce N-formylkynurenine (NFK), a UV-A-responsive photosensitizer that further degenerates into photosensitizers capable of generating ROS through exposure to visible light. Thus, Trp-containing proteins function as both victims, and perpetrators, of POD if they are not rapidly replaced through protein turnover. The literature indicates that protein turnover and DNA repair occur poorly in chromosomal interiors. We contend, therefore, that basic chromosomal proteins (BCPs) that are enveloped by DNA should have evolved to lack Trp residues in their amino acid sequences, since these could otherwise function as 'Trojan horse-type' DNA-damaging agents. Our global analyses of protein sequences demonstrates that BCPs consistently lack Trp residues, although DNA-binding proteins in general do not display such a lack. We employ HU-B (a wild-type, Trp-lacking bacterial BCP) and HU-B F47W (a mutant, Trp-containing form of the same bacterial BCP) to demonstrate that the possession of Trp is deleterious to BCPs and associated chromosomal DNA. Basically, we show that UV-B and UV-A (a) cause no POD in HU-B, but cause extensive POD in HU-B F47W (in vitro), as well as (b) only nominal DNA damage in bacteria expressing HU-B, but extensive DNA damage in bacteria expressing F47W HU-B (in vivo). Our results suggest that Trp-lacking BCPs could have evolved to reduce scope for protein-facilitated, sunlight-mediated damage of DNA by UV-A and visible light, within chromosomal interiors that are poorly serviced by protein turnover and DNA repair machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Gupta
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering (CPSDE), Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Achuthan Raja Venkatesh
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering (CPSDE), Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Kanika Arora
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering (CPSDE), Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Purnananda Guptasarma
- Centre for Protein Science, Design and Engineering (CPSDE), Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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Datola A, Pistacchio A, Simone P, Colarusso L, Melchiorre M, Rinaldi G, Amidi M, Politi J, Angiuoni G. Characterization by LC-MS/MS of oxidized products identified in synthetic peptide somatostatin and cetrorelix submitted to forced oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide: Two case studies. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2023; 58:e4919. [PMID: 37130582 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In a broader scenario, the forced degradation studies provided by the ICH guidelines for Q1A, Q1B, and Q2B degradation studies allow to know the CQA of the molecule used as a drug product, to determine the appropriate analytical methods, excipients, and storage conditions ensuring the quality of the drug, its efficacy, and patient safety. In this study, we focused our attention on understanding how oxidative stress is performed by H2 O2 -impacted small synthetic peptides that do not contain residues susceptible to oxidation such as methionine. Among the amino acids susceptible to oxidation, methionine is the most reactive and depending on the structure of the protein where it is exposed, it tends to oxidize by converting into methionine sulfone or methionine sulfoxide by oxidation of its sulfur atom. Scouting experiments obtained by forced oxidative stress conditions are presented on two small synthetic peptides that do not contain any methionine residues spiked with different amounts of H2 O2 , and they are analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Less frequent oxidation products than those commonly observed on proteins/peptides-containing methionine have been characterized on both peptides. The study demonstrated that somatostatin, by means of one residue of tryptophan on the molecule, can generate traces of several oxidized products detected by UPLC-MS. Furthermore, even at a negligible level, oxidation on tyrosine and proline in cetrorelix that does not contain methionine nor tryptophan has been detected by UHPLC-MS/MS. Identification and quantification of oxidized species were achieved by high-resolution MS and MS/MS experiments. Thus, FDSs undoubtedly aid the evaluation of the CQAs as an important component of the characterization package as recommended by HAs and ICH, facilitating the understanding of unforeseen features of the studied molecule used as drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Datola
- Analytical Development Biotech Department, Global Healthcare Operations, EMD Serono, A business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Via Luigi Einaudi, 11 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pistacchio
- Drug Product Process Development Department, Global Healthcare Operations, EMD Serono, A business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Via Luigi Einaudi, 11 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Simone
- Analytical Development Biotech Department, Global Healthcare Operations, EMD Serono, A business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Via Luigi Einaudi, 11 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Colarusso
- Analytical Development Biotech Department, Global Healthcare Operations, EMD Serono, A business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Via Luigi Einaudi, 11 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
| | - Maura Melchiorre
- Analytical Development Biotech Department, Global Healthcare Operations, EMD Serono, A business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Via Luigi Einaudi, 11 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rinaldi
- Drug Product Process Development Department, Global Healthcare Operations, EMD Serono, A business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Via Luigi Einaudi, 11 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
| | - Maryam Amidi
- Drug Product Process Development Department, Global Healthcare Operations, EMD Serono, A business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Via Luigi Einaudi, 11 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
| | - Jane Politi
- Drug Product Process Development Department, Global Healthcare Operations, EMD Serono, A business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Via Luigi Einaudi, 11 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Angiuoni
- Analytical Development Biotech Department, Global Healthcare Operations, EMD Serono, A business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Via Luigi Einaudi, 11 00012 Guidonia Montecelio, Rome, Italy
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A Review on Forced Degradation Strategies to Establish the Stability of Therapeutic Peptide Formulations. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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40
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Goenaga-Mafud LC, Gamez YM, Campos CP, Vollet-Filho JD, Inada NM, Kurachi C, Bagnato VS. ERRATUM: Kidney decontamination during perfusion for transplantation procedure: In vitro and ex vivo viability analysis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200363. [PMID: 36529999 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organ transplantations have an increasing medical relevance. It is becoming a regular procedure with an increase in individuals waiting for organs. The increase in the number of discarded organs is mostly due to the donor's bacterial and/or viral infection. In this article, we are demonstrating the feasibility of reduction of the bacterial load in the kidney model by using Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) as a germicidal agent in circulating liquids. Using Staphylococcus aureus as a bacteria model, we were able to demonstrate that in less than 30 min of liquid circulation and associated to irradiation, the bacterial load of the perfusate Custodiol® HTK, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (solution with 5 log CFU ml-1 ), was fully eliminated. A modeling approach was created to verify the possibility of bacterial load decrease, when an organ (here, a renal experimental model) is present in the circuit, releasing a varied rate of microorganisms over time, while the solution is irradiated. Finally, we use an ex vivo model with a swine kidney, circulating in the preservation solution with a Lifeport® Kidney Transporter machine, to demonstrate that we can contaminate the organ and then promote the elimination of the microbiological load. The results show the feasibility of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolina P Campos
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Schnellbächer A, Zimmer A. Stability and Requirement for Thiamin in a Cell Culture Feed Used to Produce New Biological Entities. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020334. [PMID: 36672269 PMCID: PMC9857259 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamin is susceptible to heat and oxidation, which is a concern for the development of concentrated and room temperature stable feeds used to produce recombinant proteins. Hence, it is critical to understand the reactivity and necessity of the vitamin in liquid feeds to be able to either develop mitigation strategies to stabilize the vitamin or to remove thiamin from formulations if it is unnecessary. LC-MS/MS was used to investigate thiamin stability in different liquid feed formulations and to identify thiamin degradation products. Results indicate oxidation of thiamin and interaction with amino acids, keto acids, and sulfur containing components. Thiamin necessity in feed was assessed during a fed batch experiment, focusing on cell performance and critical quality attributes of the produced recombinant proteins. The impact of thiamin depletion in the feed on the intra- and extracellular metabolome was investigated using untargeted LC-MS/MS. Results indicate that thiamin can be removed from the feed without affecting the performance or the intra- and extracellular metabolome of the tested cell lines. Overall, profound insights on thiamin reactivity and necessity are presented in this study, suggesting the removal of the dispensable and instable vitamin as a simple means for the development of next generation feeds used to produce therapeutic biological entities.
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Protein cysteine S-glycosylation: oxidative hydrolysis of protein S-glycosidic bonds in aqueous alkaline environments. Amino Acids 2023; 55:61-74. [PMID: 36460841 PMCID: PMC9877059 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Some glycoproteins contain carbohydrates S-linked to cysteine (Cys) residues. However, relatively few S-glycosylated proteins have been detected, due to the lack of an effective research methodology. This work outlines a general concept for the detection of S-glycosylation sites in proteins. The approach was verified by exploratory experiments on a model mixture of β-S-glucosylated polypeptides obtained by the chemical transformation of lysozyme P00698. The model underwent two processes: (1) oxidative hydrolysis of S-glycosidic bonds under alkaline conditions to expose the thiol group of Cys residues; (2) thiol S-alkylation leading to thiol S-adduct formation at the former S-glycosylation sites. Oxidative hydrolysis was conducted in aqueous urea, dimethyl sulfoxide, or trifluoroethanol, with silver nitrate as the reaction promoter, in the presence of triethylamine and/or pyridine. The concurrent formation of stable protein silver thiolates, gluconic acid, and silver nanoclusters was observed. The essential de-metalation of protein silver thiolates using dithiothreitol preceded the S-labeling of Cys residues with 4-vinyl pyridine or a fluorescent reagent. The S-labeled model was sequenced by tandem mass spectrometry to obtain data on the modifications and their distribution over the protein chains. This enabled the efficiency of both S-glycosidic bonds hydrolysis and S-glycosylation site labeling to be evaluated. Suggestions are also given for testing this novel strategy on real proteomic samples.
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Fabrication of amino acid conjugated polymeric micelles for controlled anticancer drug delivery using radiation and pH-stimuli-triggering systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Almulla AF, Thipakorn Y, Vasupanrajit A, Abo Algon AA, Tunvirachaisakul C, Hashim Aljanabi AA, Oxenkrug G, Al-Hakeim HK, Maes M. The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in major depressive and bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100537. [PMID: 36339964 PMCID: PMC9630622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is now evidence that affective disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are mediated by immune-inflammatory and nitro-oxidative pathways. Activation of these pathways may be associated with activation of the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway by inducing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO, the rate-limiting enzyme) leading to depletion of tryptophan (TRP) and increases in tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs). Aims To systematically review and meta-analyze central and peripheral (free and total) TRP levels, its competing amino-acids (CAAs) and TRYCATs in MDD and BD. Methods This review searched PubMed, Google Scholar and SciFinder and included 121 full-text articles and 15470 individuals, including 8024 MDD/BD patients and 7446 healthy controls. Results TRP levels (either free and total) and the TRP/CAAs ratio were significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) in MDD/BD as compared with controls with a moderate effect size (standardized mean difference for TRP: SMD = -0.513, 95% confidence interval, CI: -0.611; -0.414; and TRP/CAAs: SMD = -0.558, CI: -0.758; -0.358). Kynurenine (KYN) levels were significantly decreased in patients as compared with controls with a small effect size (p < 0.0001, SMD = -0.213, 95%CI: -0.295; -0.131). These differences were significant in plasma (p < 0.0001, SMD = -0.304, 95%CI: -0.415, -0.194) but not in serum (p = 0.054) or the central nervous system (CNS, p = 0.771). The KYN/TRP ratio, frequently used as an index of IDO activity, and neurotoxicity indices based on downstream TRYCATs were unaltered or even lowered in MDD/BD. Conclusions Our findings suggest that MDD and BD are accompanied by TRP depletion without IDO and TRYCAT pathway activation. Lowered TRP availability is probably the consequence of lowered serum albumin during the inflammatory response in affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas F. Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Yanin Thipakorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Gregory Oxenkrug
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Psychiatry, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Prajapati KP, Anand BG, Ansari M, Tiku AB, Kar K. Tryptophan self-assembly yields cytotoxic nanofibers containing amyloid-mimicking and cross-seeding competent conformers. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16270-16285. [PMID: 36300424 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03544h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary consumption of Trp via protein-based foods is essential for the maintenance of crucial metabolic processes including the synthesis of proteins and several vital metabolites such as serotonin, melatonin, acetyl CoA, and NADP. However, the abnormal build-up of Trp is known to cause familial hypertryptophanemia and several brain-related medical complications. The molecular mechanism of the onset of such Trp-driven health issues is largely unknown. Here, we show that Trp, under the physiologically mimicked conditions of temperature and buffer, undergoes a concentration driven self-assembly process, yielding amyloid-mimicking nanofibers. Viable H-bonds, π-π interactions and hydrophobic contacts between optimally coordinated Trp molecules become important factors for the formation of a Trp nanoassembly that displays a hydrophobic exterior and a hydrophilic interior. Importantly, Trp nanofibers were found to possess high affinity for native proteins, and they act as cross-seeding competent conformers capable of nucleating amyloid formation in globular proteins including whey protein β-lactoglobulin and type II diabetes linked insulin hormone. Moreover, these amyloid mimicking Trp nanostructures showed toxic effects on neuroblastoma cells. Since the key symptoms in hypertryptophanemia such as behavioural defects and brain-damaging oxidative stress are also observed in amyloid related disorders, our findings on amyloid-like Trp-nanofibers may help in the mechanistic understanding of Trp-related complications and these findings are equally important for innovation in applied nanomaterials design and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Prasad Prajapati
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Bibin Gnanadhason Anand
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Masihuzzaman Ansari
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Ashu Bhan Tiku
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Karunakar Kar
- Biophysical and Biomaterials Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi-110067, India.
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Varfaj I, Carotti A, Mangiapelo L, Cossignani L, Taticchi A, Macchiarulo A, Ianni F, Sardella R. Environmentally Sustainable Achiral and Chiral Chromatographic Analysis of Amino Acids in Food Supplements. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227724. [PMID: 36431824 PMCID: PMC9697624 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two LC methods were developed for the achiral and chiral reversed-phase (RP) analysis of an amino acid (AA) pool in a food supplement, in compliance with the main paradigms of Green Chromatography. A direct achiral ion-pairing RP-HPLC method was optimized under gradient conditions with a water-ethanol (EtOH) eluent containing heptafluorobutyric acid (0.1%, v/v), to quantify the eight essential AAs (Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, and Val) contained in the food supplement. Thus, the usually employed acetonitrile was profitably substituted with the less toxic and more benign EtOH. The method was validated for Leu and Phe. The chiral LC method performed with a teicoplanin chiral stationary phase was developed with a water-EtOH (60:40, v/v) eluent with 0.1%, v/v acetic acid. The enantioselective analysis was carried out without any prior derivatization step. Both developed methods performed highly for all eight AAs and revealed that: (i) the content of six out of eight AAs was consistent with the manufacturer declaration; (ii) only L-AAs were present. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a two-dimensional achiral-chiral configuration is possible in practice, making it even more environmentally sustainable. A molecular modelling investigation revealed interesting insights into the enantiorecognition mechanism of Lys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Varfaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciano Mangiapelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lina Cossignani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Agnese Taticchi
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Schoppel K, Trachtmann N, Korzin EJ, Tzanavari A, Sprenger GA, Weuster-Botz D. Metabolic control analysis enables rational improvement of E. coli L-tryptophan producers but methylglyoxal formation limits glycerol-based production. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:201. [PMID: 36195869 PMCID: PMC9531422 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although efficient L-tryptophan production using engineered Escherichia coli is established from glucose, the use of alternative carbon sources is still very limited. Through the application of glycerol as an alternate, a more sustainable substrate (by-product of biodiesel preparation), the well-studied intracellular glycolytic pathways are rerouted, resulting in the activity of different intracellular control sites and regulations, which are not fully understood in detail. Metabolic analysis was applied to well-known engineered E. coli cells with 10 genetic modifications. Cells were withdrawn from a fed-batch production process with glycerol as a carbon source, followed by metabolic control analysis (MCA). This resulted in the identification of several additional enzymes controlling the carbon flux to L-tryptophan. RESULTS These controlling enzyme activities were addressed stepwise by the targeted overexpression of 4 additional enzymes (trpC, trpB, serB, aroB). Their efficacy regarding L-tryptophan productivity was evaluated under consistent fed-batch cultivation conditions. Although process comparability was impeded by process variances related to a temporal, unpredictable break-off in L-tryptophan production, process improvements of up to 28% with respect to the L-tryptophan produced were observed using the new producer strains. The intracellular effects of these targeted genetic modifications were revealed by metabolic analysis in combination with MCA and expression analysis. Furthermore, it was discovered that the E. coli cells produced the highly toxic metabolite methylglyoxal (MGO) during the fed-batch process. A closer look at the MGO production and detoxification on the metabolome, fluxome, and transcriptome level of the engineered E. coli indicated that the highly toxic metabolite plays a critical role in the production of aromatic amino acids with glycerol as a carbon source. CONCLUSIONS A detailed process analysis of a new L-tryptophan producer strain revealed that several of the 4 targeted genetic modifications of the E. coli L-tryptophan producer strain proved to be effective, and, for others, new engineering approaches could be derived from the results. As a starting point for further strain and process optimization, the up-regulation of MGO detoxifying enzymes and a lowering of the feeding rate during the last third of the cultivation seems reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Schoppel
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Natalia Trachtmann
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Emil J Korzin
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Angelina Tzanavari
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Georg A Sprenger
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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48
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Teterycz D, Sobota A, Starek A. Possibility of using wheat germ and wheat germ protein isolate for high‐protein pasta production. Cereal Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Teterycz
- Division of Engineering and Cereals Technology, Department of Plant Food Technology and Gastronomy, Faculty of Food Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of Life Sciences in LublinSkromna 820‐704LublinPoland
| | - Aldona Sobota
- Division of Engineering and Cereals Technology, Department of Plant Food Technology and Gastronomy, Faculty of Food Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of Life Sciences in LublinSkromna 820‐704LublinPoland
| | - Agnieszka Starek
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed TechnologiesUniversity of Life Sciences in LublinGłęboka 2820‐612LublinPoland
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Almulla AF, Vasupanrajit A, Tunvirachaisakul C, Al-Hakeim HK, Solmi M, Verkerk R, Maes M. The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia: meta-analysis reveals dissociations between central, serum, and plasma compartments. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3679-3691. [PMID: 35422466 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway is implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) since the rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine-dioxygenase (IDO) may be induced by inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators. This systematic review searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for papers published from inception until August 2021 and meta-analyzed the association between SCZ and TRYCATs in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral blood. We included 61 studies comprising 2813 patients and 2948 healthy controls. In the CNS we found a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the kynurenine/tryptophan (KYN/TRP) (standardized mean difference, SMD = 0.769, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.456; 1.082) and kynurenic acid (KA)/KYN + TRP (SMD = 0.697, CI: 0.478-0.917) ratios, KA (SMD = 0.646, CI: 0.422; 0.909) and KYN (SMD = 1.238; CI: 0.590; 1.886), while the 3OH-kynurenine (3HK) + KYN-3-monooxygenase (KMO)/KYN ratio was significantly reduced (SMD = -1.089, CI: -1.682; -0.496). There were significant differences between KYN/TRP, (KYN + KA)/TRP, (3HK + KMO)/KYN, KA, and KYN levels among the CNS and peripheral blood, and among serum and plasma KYN. The only useful peripheral marker of CNS TRYCATs findings was the increased KYN/TRP ratio in serum (SMD = 0.211, CI: 0.056; 0.366, p = 0.007), but not in plasma. There was no significant increase in a neurotoxic composite score based on KYN, 3HK, and picolinic, xanthurenic, and quinolinic acid. SCZ is accompanied by increased IDO activity in the CNS and serum, and reduced KMO activity and a shift towards KA production in the CNS. This CNS TRYCATs profile indicates neuroprotective, negative immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Peripheral blood levels of TRYCATs are dissociated from CNS findings except for a modest increase in serum IDO activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas F Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Asara Vasupanrajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI), Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Verkerk
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,Department of Psychiatry, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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50
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He Y, van Mever M, Yang W, Huang L, Ramautar R, Rijksen Y, Vermeij WP, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Harms AC, Lindenburg PW, Hankemeier T. A Sample Preparation Method for the Simultaneous Profiling of Signaling Lipids and Polar Metabolites in Small Quantities of Muscle Tissues from a Mouse Model for Sarcopenia. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080742. [PMID: 36005613 PMCID: PMC9413361 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic profiling of a wide range of chemical classes relevant to understanding sarcopenia under conditions in which sample availability is limited, e.g., from mouse models, small muscles, or muscle biopsies, is desired. Several existing metabolomics platforms that include diverse classes of signaling lipids, energy metabolites, and amino acids and amines would be informative for suspected biochemical pathways involved in sarcopenia. The sample limitation requires an optimized sample preparation method with minimal losses during isolation and handling and maximal accuracy and reproducibility. Here, two developed sample preparation methods, BuOH-MTBE-Water (BMW) and BuOH-MTBE-More-Water (BMMW), were evaluated and compared with previously reported methods, Bligh-Dyer (BD) and BuOH-MTBE-Citrate (BMC), for their suitability for these classes. The most optimal extraction was found to be the BMMW method, with the highest extraction recovery of 63% for the signaling lipids and 81% for polar metabolites, and an acceptable matrix effect (close to 1.0) for all metabolites of interest. The BMMW method was applied on muscle tissues as small as 5 mg (dry weight) from the well-characterized, prematurely aging, DNA repair-deficient Ercc1∆/- mouse mutant exhibiting multiple-morbidities, including sarcopenia. We successfully detected 109 lipids and 62 polar targeted metabolites. We further investigated whether fast muscle tissue isolation is necessary for mouse sarcopenia studies. A muscle isolation procedure involving 15 min at room temperature revealed a subset of metabolites to be unstable; hence, fast sample isolation is critical, especially for more oxidative muscles. Therefore, BMMW and fast muscle tissue isolation are recommended for future sarcopenia studies. This research provides a sensitive sample preparation method for the simultaneous extraction of non-polar and polar metabolites from limited amounts of muscle tissue, supplies a stable mouse muscle tissue collection method, and methodologically supports future metabolomic mechanistic studies of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng He
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marlien van Mever
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Yang
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luojiao Huang
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rawi Ramautar
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Rijksen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert P. Vermeij
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H. J. Hoeijmakers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Amy C. Harms
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W. Lindenburg
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Research Group Metabolomics, Leiden Center for Applied Bioscience, University of Applied Sciences Leiden, 2333 CK Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-71-527-1340
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