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Bai N, Deng W, Qi Z, Pan S, Li Q, Gu M. The effect of alginate oligosaccharides on intestine barrier function and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109011. [PMID: 37604263 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is a host-pathogen interaction site and improved intestinal barrier function help to prevent disease in shrimp. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are derived from resourceful brown algae. The intestine protection properties of AOS were widely recognized, and their benefits in fish have been reported. Nevertheless, there are no reports on AOS in shrimp and other crustaceans. In the present work, we measured the effects of AOS on growth performance and disease resistance in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and investigated their effects on intestinal health. Shrimps with an initial weight of about 2 g were fed with diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.07%, 0.2%, 0.6%, or 1.2% of AOS for 56 days and were sampled and challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Dietary AOS did not significantly influence weight gain or feed utilization (P > 0.05). However, AOS considerably decreased the seven-day cumulative mortality after the challenge at any dose (P < 0.05). Dietary AOS improved the intestinal structure, significantly boosted the intestinal villus height at 0.6% and 1.2% levels, and increased intestinal wall thickness by 0.2%, 0.6%, and 1.2%. The alkaline phosphatase and maltase activities were also increased, suggesting that AOS improved the intestinal condition. Redox homeostasis in intestinal was improved by AOS, as expressed by the enhanced total antioxidant capacity and decreased malonaldehyde content, partly due to the increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Compared with the antioxidant system, AOS's stimulating effects on immunity were more significant. At any level, AOS significantly activated lysozyme activity, the expression of propo and two antimicrobial peptide genes (pen-3 and crusin). However, the lowest concentration of AOS did not stimulate the gene expression of all three assayed pattern recognition receptors (LGBP, Toll, and IMD), and only the highest concentration of AOS increased the expression of imd. These findings suggest that AOS are highly efficient immunostimulants, and various immune pathways in shrimp are differentially sensitive to AOS. Finally, our findings suggest that AOS significantly alter the gut microbiota and their relative abundance at the phylum, family, and genus levels. In conclusion, AOS significantly enhances disease resistance in L. vannamei, possibly attributed to improved intestinal development, increased intestinal immunity and altered microbiota. These findings could provide a basis for future studies on the practical use of AOS and its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Bai
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Wanzhen Deng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Zezheng Qi
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Shihui Pan
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Min Gu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China.
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Bahrami Z, Roomiani L, Javadzadeh N, Sary AA, Baboli MJ. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum in the alginate/chitosan improves immunity, disease resistance, and growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:815-828. [PMID: 37500968 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of microencapsulation of L. plantarum (as a probiotic) with chitosan/alginate biopolymers (MLCA) on innate immune response, disease resistance, and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Four hundred and eighty fish were randomly distributed in glass tanks (150 L) and fed with diets including diet 1: control; diet 2: 10 g kg-1 microcapsules; diet 3: 108 CFU g-1 L. plantarum; and diet 4: 10 g kg-1 MLCA for 60 days. The hematology and biochemical indices, lysozyme activity, alternative complement activities, respiratory burst, serum bactericidal activity, as well as growth performance parameters (specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio) were analyzed. White blood cells, plasma protein and globulin concentration, serum lysozyme, and respiratory burst activities of fish were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the MLCA diet. A challenge test against Streptococcus agalactiae, at the end of the experiment, showed the highest survival rate of the fish fed with MLCA. Moreover, the fish fed with MLCA showed a significant improvement in SGR (3.12 ± 0.18%) and FCR (1.23 ± 0.20) and had the highest growth performance. These results suggest longer stability of probiotics in the microcapsules, and their immunomodulatory effect can be considered a promising immunostimulant and growth enhancer in the Nile tilapia diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahrami
- Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Laleh Roomiani
- Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Narges Javadzadeh
- Department of Fisheries, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
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Bagheri D, Moradi R, Zare M, Sotoudeh E, Hoseinifar SH, Oujifard A, Esmaeili N. Does Dietary Sodium Alginate with Low Molecular Weight Affect Growth, Antioxidant System, and Haemolymph Parameters and Alleviate Cadmium Stress in Whiteleg Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei)? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1805. [PMID: 37889709 PMCID: PMC10252018 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreasing low molecular weight can improve the digestibility and availability of ingredients such as sodium alginate. This study aimed to test the four dosages of low molecular weight sodium alginate (LMWSA) (0%: Control, 0.05%: 0.5 LMWSA, 0.10%: 1.0 LMWSA, and 0.2%: 2.0 LMWSA) in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (3.88 ± 0.25 g) for eight weeks. After finishing the trial, shrimp were exposed to cadmium (1 mg/L) for 48 h. While feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved in shrimp fed dietary 2.0 LMWSA (p < 0.05), there was no significant difference in growth among treatments. The results showed a linear relation between LMWSA level and FCR, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) before; and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), GST, and alanine transaminase (ALT) after cadmium stress (p < 0.05). The GST, MDA, ALT, and aspartate transaminase (AST) contents were changed after stress but not the 2.0 LMWSA group. The survival rate after stress in 1.0 LMWSA (85.23%) and 2.0 LMWSA (80.20%) treatments was significantly higher than the Control (62.05%). The survival rate after stress negatively correlated with GST and ALT, introducing them as potential biomarkers for cadmium exposure in whiteleg shrimp. Accordingly, the 2.0 LMWSA treatment had the best performance in the abovementioned parameters. As the linear relation was observed, supplementing more levels of LMWSA to reach a plateau is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Bagheri
- Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Department of Fisheries, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
| | - Rohullah Moradi
- Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Department of Fisheries, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
| | - Mahyar Zare
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ebrahim Sotoudeh
- Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Department of Fisheries, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 4913815739, Iran
| | - Amin Oujifard
- Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Department of Fisheries, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
| | - Noah Esmaeili
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia;
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da Silva VG, Favero LM, Mainardi RM, Ferrari NA, Chideroli RT, Di Santis GW, de Souza FP, da Costa AR, Gonçalves DD, Nuez-Ortin WG, Isern-Subich MM, de Oliveira-Junior AG, Lopera-Barrero NM, Pereira UDP. Effect of an organic acid blend in Nile tilapia growth performance, immunity, gut microbiota, and resistance to challenge against francisellosis. Res Vet Sci 2023; 159:214-224. [PMID: 37167686 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic acids (OAs) are a class of feed additives that have prophylactic and inhibitory properties against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we investigated growth performance, innate immune response, gut microbiota, and disease resistance against Francisella orientalis F1 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed different doses of Bacti-nil®Aqua, a blend of short- and medium-chain OAs. For 21 days, 680 juvenile tilapias were fed a control diet or diets supplemented with a 0.3% (D3) or 0.5% (D5) OA blend. The feed conversion rate of fish fed the 0.5% enriched diet was considerably lower (p < 0.05) than that of the fish fed the basal diet. Lysozyme and serum bactericidal activities were significantly elevated following OA administration. After infection, no differences in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota were observed between the groups. After the bacterial challenge, the mortality was significantly lower in group D5 (p < 0.01). The diet supplemented with Bacti-nil®Aqua (Adisseo) improved the immune response and resistance of tilapia juveniles against F. orientalis infection. Thus, this OA blend could serve as a feed additive with good activity against F. orientalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Gomes da Silva
- Laboratory of Fish Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mantovani Favero
- Laboratory of Fish Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Raffaella Menegheti Mainardi
- Laboratory of Fish Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Natália Amoroso Ferrari
- Laboratory of Fish Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Roberta Torres Chideroli
- Laboratory of Fish Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Giovana Wingeter Di Santis
- Laboratory of Fish Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Arthur Roberto da Costa
- Laboratory of Fish Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Paranaense University, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ulisses de Pádua Pereira
- Laboratory of Fish Bacteriology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
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Competitive Exclusion Bacterial Culture Derived from the Gut Microbiome of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) as a Resource to Efficiently Recover Probiotic Strains: Taxonomic, Genomic, and Functional Proof of Concept. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071376. [PMID: 35889095 PMCID: PMC9321352 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to mine a previously developed continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture (CFCEC) originating from the Tilapia gut microbiome as a rational and efficient autochthonous probiotic strain recovery source. Three isolated strains were tested on their adaptability to host gastrointestinal conditions, their antibacterial activities against aquaculture bacterial pathogens, and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Their genomes were fully sequenced, assembled, annotated, and relevant functions inferred, such as those related to pinpointed probiotic activities and phylogenomic comparative analyses to the closer reported strains/species relatives. The strains are possible candidates of novel genus/species taxa inside Lactococcus spp. and Priestia spp. (previously known as Bacillus spp.) These results were consistent with reports on strains inside these phyla exhibiting probiotic features, and the strains we found are expanding their known diversity. Furthermore, their pangenomes showed that these bacteria have indeed a set of so far uncharacterized genes that may play a role in the antagonism to competing strains or specific symbiotic adaptations to the fish host. In conclusion, CFCEC proved to effectively allow the enrichment and further pure culture isolation of strains with probiotic potential.
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Sumon MAA, Sumon TA, Hussain MA, Lee SJ, Jang WJ, Sharifuzzaman SM, Brown CL, Lee EW, Hasan MT. Single and Multi-Strain Probiotics Supplementation in Commercially Prominent Finfish Aquaculture: Review of the Current Knowledge. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:681-698. [PMID: 35722672 PMCID: PMC9628892 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2202.02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and rohu carp Labeo rohita are farmed commercially worldwide. Production of these important finfishes is rapidly expanding, and intensive culture practices can lead to stress in fish, often reducing resistance to infectious diseases. Antibiotics and other drugs are routinely used for the treatment of diseases and sometimes applied preventatively to combat microbial pathogens. This strategy is responsible for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, mass killing of environmental/beneficial bacteria, and residual effects in humans. As an alternative, the administration of probiotics has gained acceptance for disease control in aquaculture. Probiotics have been found to improve growth, feed utilization, immunological status, disease resistance, and to promote transcriptomic profiles and internal microbial balance of host organisms. The present review discusses the effects of single and multi-strain probiotics on growth, immunity, heamato-biochemical parameters, and disease resistance of the above-mentioned finfishes. The application and outcome of probiotics in the field or open pond system, gaps in existing knowledge, and issues worthy of further research are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Marine Biology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tofael Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Fish Health Management, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraf Hussain
- Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Je Jang
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - S. M. Sharifuzzaman
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Christopher L. Brown
- FAO World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Tawheed Hasan
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh,Corresponding author Phone: +880-821-761952 Fax: + 880-821-761980 E-mail:
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7
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Bavia L, Santiesteban-Lores LE, Carneiro MC, Prodocimo MM. Advances in the complement system of a teleost fish, Oreochromisniloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:61-74. [PMID: 35227880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the earliest known vertebrate possessing a complete immune system, teleost fish played an important role in the evolution of this system. The complement system is an ancient defense mechanism present in invertebrates and vertebrates. In teleost fish the complement system is formed by more than 35 circulating proteins, or found at the cell surface. This system is activated by three pathways: alternative, classical and lectin, generating functions such as the opsonization, lysis and modulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. The complement system is an important immunological indicator that can be used to study and monitor the effects of environmental, nutritional, and infectious processes. The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a teleost fish of great economic interest due to its characteristics of easy cultivation, high growth rates, and tolerance to adverse environmental conditions. In addition, Nile tilapia is an excellent model for ecotoxicological studies, however, there are very few studies reporting the performance of the complement system in this species after exposure to environmental pollutants. The aim of this review is to gather recent studies with to address the molecular and functional characterizations of the complement system in Nile tilapia and provide new insights about this defense mechanism. Looking to the future, we believe that the complement system analysis in Tilapia can be used as a biomarker of water quality and the general health status of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Bavia
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lazara Elena Santiesteban-Lores
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Carvalho Carneiro
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maritana Mela Prodocimo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Anjugam M, Iswarya A, Sibiya A, Selvaraj C, Singh SK, Govindarajan M, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Khaled JM, Sivakamavalli J, Vaseeharan B. Molecular interaction analysis of β-1, 3 glucan binding protein with Bacillus licheniformis and evaluation of its immunostimulant property in Oreochromis mossambicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:183-196. [PMID: 34971736 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing the health benefits of any two immunostimulants (synbiotics) in combined form and information on their interactions gain more visibility in the usage of synbiotics in aquafarms. With this intention, the current work explores the immunostimulant effect and structural interaction of synbiotic (β-1, 3 glucan binding protein from marine crab, Portunus pelagicus (Ppβ-GBP) and Bacillus licheniformis) on Oreochromis mossambicus. The experimental diet was prepared with Ppβ-GBP and B. licheniformis, and nourished to the fingerlings of O. mossambicus for 30 days. After the experimental trial, a higher growth rate and immune reactions (lysozyme, protease, myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase activity) were noticed in the fish nourished with synbiotic (B. licheniformis and Ppβ-GBP) enriched diet. Moreover, the synbiotic enriched diet elevated the antioxidant responses like glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activity in the experimental diet-nurtured fish. At the end of the feed trial, synbiotic diet nourished fish shows an increased survival rate during Aeromonas hydrophila infection, reflecting the disease resistance potential of experimental fish. Also, the interaction between Ppβ-GBP and Bacillus licheniformis was analyzed through computational approaches. The results evidenced that, Ppβ-GBP interacts with the B. licheniformis through sugar-based ligand, β-glucan through a hydrogen bond with a good docking score. Thus, the synbiotic diet would be an effective immunostimulant to strengthen the fish immune system for better productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalingam Anjugam
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arokiadhas Iswarya
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ashokkumar Sibiya
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre for Animal Science Research and Extension Service, Foundation for Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Kelavannanvilai, NGO Colony Road, Nagercoil, 629002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Block, 4th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Science Block, 4th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marimuthu Govindarajan
- Unit of Vector Control, Phytochemistry and Nanotechnology, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Zoology, Government College for Women (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, 612 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shine Kadaikunnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal M Khaled
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block, 6th floor, Burma colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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9
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Cano-Lozano JA, Villamil Diaz LM, Melo Bolivar JF, Hume ME, Ruiz Pardo RY. Probiotics in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture: Potential probiotic Lactococcus lactis culture conditions. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 133:187-194. [PMID: 34920949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tilapia is one of the most extensively farmed fish on a global scale. Lately, many studies have been carried out to select and produce probiotics for cultured fish. Bacteria from the genera Bacillus, Lactiplantibacillus (synonym: Lactobacillus), and Lactococcus are the most widely studied with respect to their probiotic potential. Among these microorganisms, Lactococcus lactis has outstanding prospects as a probiotic because it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and has previously been shown to exert its probiotic potential in aquaculture through different mechanisms, such as competitively excluding pathogenic bacteria, increasing food nutritional value, and enhancing the host immune response against pathogenic microorganisms. However, it is not sufficient to simply select a microorganism with significant probiotic potential for commercial probiotic development. There are additional challenges related to strategies involving the mass production of bacterial cultures, including the selection of production variables that positively influence microorganism metabolism. Over the last ten years, L. lactis production in batch and fed-batch processes has been studied to evaluate the effects of culture temperature and pH on bacterial growth. However, to gain a deeper understanding of the production processes, the effect of hydrodynamic stress on cells in bioreactor production and its influence on the probiotic potential post-manufacturing also need to be determined. This review explores the trends in tilapia culture, the probiotic mechanisms employed by L. lactis in aquaculture, and the essential parameters for the optimal scale-up of this probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Andrés Cano-Lozano
- School of Engineering, Maestría en diseño y gestión de procesos, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Colombia.
| | - Luisa Marcela Villamil Diaz
- School of Engineering, Doctoral program in Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Colombia; Universidad de La Sabana, Faculty of Engineering, Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Javier Fernando Melo Bolivar
- School of Engineering, Doctoral program in Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Colombia; Universidad de La Sabana, Faculty of Engineering, Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
| | - Michael E Hume
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - Ruth Yolanda Ruiz Pardo
- School of Engineering, Maestría en diseño y gestión de procesos, Universidad de La Sabana, Campus del Puente del Común, Km. 7, Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Colombia; Universidad de La Sabana, Faculty of Engineering, Grupo de Investigación en Procesos Agroindustriales, Campus Universitario del Puente del Común, Km 7 Autopista Norte de Bogotá, Chía, 140 013, Cundinamarca, Colombia.
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Mugwanya M, Dawood MAO, Kimera F, Sewilam H. Updating the Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics for Tilapia Aquaculture as Leading Candidates for Food Sustainability: a Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:130-157. [PMID: 34601712 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tilapia production has significantly increased over the past few years due to the adoption of semi-intensive and intensive aquaculture technologies. However, these farming systems have subjected the fish to stressful conditions that suppress their immunity, hence exposing them to various pathogens. The application of antibiotics and therapeutics to enhance disease resistance, survival, and growth performance in aquaculture has been recently banned due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that pose a serious threat to the environment and consumers of aquatic organisms. Hence, the need for an alternative approach based on sustainable farming practices is warranted. Probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic use in tilapia production is considered a viable, safe, and environmentally friendly alternative that enhances growth performance, feed utilization, immunity, disease resistance, and fish survival against pathogens and environmental stress. Their inclusion in fish diets and or rearing water improves the general wellbeing of fish. Hence, this review aims at presenting research findings from the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics and their effect on survival, growth, growth performance, gut morphology, microbial abundance, enzyme production, immunity, and disease resistance in tilapia aquaculture, while highlighting several hematological, blood biochemical parameters, and omics techniques that have been used to assess fish health. Furthermore, gaps in existing knowledge are addressed and future research studies have been recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muziri Mugwanya
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt. .,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Fahad Kimera
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- Center for Applied Research On the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt. .,Department of Engineering Hydrology, the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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11
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Van Doan H, Hoseinifar SH, Naraballobh W, Paolucci M, Wongmaneeprateep S, Charoenwattanasak S, Dawood MAO, Abdel-Tawwab M. Dietary inclusion of watermelon rind powder and Lactobacillus plantarum: Effects on Nile tilapia's growth, skin mucus and serum immunities, and disease resistance. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:107-114. [PMID: 34256133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An eight-week investigation was conducted to access the potential impact of dietary watermelon rind powder (WMRP) and L. plantarum CR1T5 (LP) administered individually or in combination on immunity, disease resistance, and growth rate of Nile tilapia fingerlings cultured in a biofloc system. Three hundred twenty fish (average weight 16.57 ± 0.14 g) were distributed into 16 tanks at a rate of 20 fish per tank. The fish were fed different diets: Diet 1 (0 g kg-1 WMRP and 0 CFU g-1 L. plantarum) (control), Diet 2 (40 g kg-1 WMRP), Diet 3 (108 CFU g-1 LP), and Diet 4 (40 g kg-1 WMRP + 108 CFU g-1 LP) for eight weeks. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was applied. Skin mucus, serum immunity, and growth parameters were analyzed every 4 weeks, and a challenge study against S. agalactiae was conducted at the end of the experiment. The findings showed that the inclusion of WMRP + LP, administrated individually or in a mixture, significantly (P<0.05) stimulated growth, skin mucus, and serum immune parameters of Nile tilapia fingerlings compared with the control. The highest values were detected in fish fed the combination of WMRP and LP, as opposed to individual administration of either WMRP or LP, in which no significant differences were detected. Within the challenge study, the relative percent survival (RPS) in Diet 2, Diet 3, and Diet 4 was 48.0%, 52.0%, and 68.0%, respectively. Fish fed 40 g kg-1 WMRP + LP produced significantly higher RPS and protection against S. agalactiae than the other treated groups. Current results suggest that the dual administration of WMRP and LP maybe an effective feed additive for Nile tilapia grown in an indoor biofloc system, capable of improving growth parameters and increasing resistance to S. agalactiae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Watcharapong Naraballobh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
| | - Sutee Wongmaneeprateep
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, 44663, Egypt
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12
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Van Doan H, Lumsangkul C, Hoseinifar SH, Tongsiri S, Chitmanat C, Musthafa MS, El-Haroun E, Ringo E. Modulation of growth, innate immunity, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) culture under biofloc system by supplementing pineapple peel powder and Lactobacillus plantarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:212-220. [PMID: 34146675 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eight weeks feeding experiment was managed to evaluate the impacts of dietary addition of pineapple peel powder (PAPP) and Lactobacillus plantarum CR1T5 (LP) individual or mixed on growth performance, skin mucus and serum immunities, as well as disease resistance of Nile tilapia. Fish (average weight 20.91 ± 0.11 g) were fed four diets: Diet 1 (0 g kg-1 PAPP and 0 CFU g-1 L. plantarum, Diet 2 (10 g kg-1 PAPP), Diet 3 (108 CFU g-1L. plantarum), and Diet 4 (10 g kg-1 PAPP + 108 CFU g-1L. plantarum). Serum and mucus immune responses, as well as growth rate, were assessed every 4 weeks. Ten fish were chosen for the challenge test with Streptococcus agalactiae after 8 weeks post-feeding. The findings showed that PAPP and/or LP diets increased (P ≤ 0.05) growth performance, skin mucus, and serum immune responses. The best data were obtained in fish fed a mixture of PAPP and LP. Nevertheless, no variation (P > 0.05) was recorded between groups fed PAPP or LP. The relative survival percentage (RSP, %) in Diet 2, Diet 3, and Diet 4 was 46.15%, 50.0%, and 73.08%. Fish fed mixture of PAPP + LP recorded the best (P < 0.05) survival rate versus other treatments. The current findings recommended using a mixture of PAPP and LP as promising functional additives for aquaculture practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sudaporn Tongsiri
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Chanagun Chitmanat
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, 600 014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ehab El-Haroun
- Fish Nutrition Research Laboratory, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Einar Ringo
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Effect of Dietary Sugarcane Bagasse Supplementation on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Immune and Antioxidant-Related Gene Expressions of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Cultured under Biofloc System. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072035. [PMID: 34359162 PMCID: PMC8300095 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Supplementation of agriculture by-product as functional feed additives in combination with biofloc technology (a sustainable and environmentally friendly technology) has recently gained much attention in aquaculture. In the present study, sugarcane bagasse powder can possibly be applied as a feed additive to improve growth performance, immune response, and immune and antioxidant-related gene expression. Abstract We investigated, herein, the effects of dietary inclusion of sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) on Nile tilapia development, mucosal and serum immunities, and relative immune and antioxidant genes. Fish (15.12 ± 0.04 g) were provided a basal diet (SB0) or basal diet incorporated with SB at 10 (SB10), 20 (SB20), 40 (SB40), or 80 (SB80) g kg−1 for 8 weeks. Our results demonstrated that the dietary incorporation of sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) at 20 and 40 g kg−1 significantly ameliorated FW, WG, and SGR as opposed to fish fed basal, SB10, and SB80 diets. However, no significant changes in FCR and survivability were observed between the SB supplemented diets and the control (basal diet). The mucosal immunity exhibited significantly higher SMLA and SMPA activities (p < 0.005) in fish treated with SB diets after eight weeks. The highest SMLA and SMPA levels were recorded in fish fed SB80 followed by SB20, SB40, and SB10, respectively. For serum immunity, fish fed SB incorporated diets significantly ameliorated SL and RB levels (p < 0.05) compared with the control. However, SP was not affected by the inclusion of SB in any diet throughout the experiment. The expression of IL1, IL8, LBP, GSTa, GPX, and GSR genes in the fish liver was significantly increased in fish fed the SB20 and SB10 diets relative to the basal diet fed fish (p < 0.05); whereas only the IL8, LBP, and GPX genes in the intestines were substantially augmented via the SB20 and SB80 diets (p < 0.05). IL1 and GSR were not influenced by the SB incorporated diets (p > 0.05). In summary, sugarcane bagasse powder (SB) may be applied as a feed additive to improve growth performance, immune response, and immune and antioxidant-related gene expression in Nile tilapia.
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Elumalai P, Rubeena AS, Lakshmi S, Anbazhagan V, Arockiaraj J, Divya M, Vijayakumar S, Vaseeharan B. Shrimp lectin–conjugated copper sulfide nanoparticles enhance immune response and gene expression in Etroplus suratensis infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL 2021; 29:1103-1120. [DOI: 10.1007/s10499-021-00679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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Kurian A, Elumalai P. Study on the impacts of chemical and green synthesized (Leucas aspera and oxy-cyclodextrin complex) dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:20344-20361. [PMID: 33405170 PMCID: PMC8099852 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the health effects of dietary nanozinc prepared by two methods: conventional chemical method and green method. The parameters evaluated were the extent of bioaccumulation, antioxidant status, histological, immunological changes and DNA damage in Nile tilapia fed nanozinc feed. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were first prepared by green and chemical methods. Before feed preparation, the in vitro antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of both types of nanoparticle solutions were tested and the results revealed enhanced activities in green synthesized ZnO NP solution. After the acclimatization period, 420 Nile tilapias were distributed randomly into 21 glass tanks with 20 fish per tank in triplicates. Fish were fed control diet without any ZnO NP and (i) GT1-green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 100 mg/kg, (ii) CT1-chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 100 mg/kg, (iii) GT2-green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 200 mg/kg, (iv) CT2-chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 200 mg/kg, (v) GT3-green synthesized ZnO NP diet at 400 mg/kg and (vi) CT3-chemically synthesized ZnO NP diet at 400 mg/kg for 60 days. After 60 days, gill and liver samples were collected for analysing oxidative stress, histopathological alterations and bioaccumulation of zinc, whereas serum samples were collected for evaluating immune response. The results revealed that the GT3 diet significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the level of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and GSH) than dietary nanozinc prepared by the chemical method. Similarly, the innate immunological parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) augmented in fish fed GT3 diet. Comparative histological study of liver and gill tissues revealed normal architecture in the tissues of fish fed green synthesized NP-enriched feed, whereas the tissues of fish fed chemically synthesized NP feed exhibited histological alterations. Bioaccumulation of zinc was more in the liver followed by the muscle and least in the gills and DNA damage was more evident in fish fed chemically synthesized ZnO NP-enriched feed. In conclusion, the results suggest that the inclusion of 400 mg/kg GT3 diet in fish diet enhanced the level of antioxidant enzymes, boosted immune response and did not cause histological damage to organs, and therefore, GT3 nanofeed can be recommended for fish health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha Kurian
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, 682 506, India
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, Kerala, 682 506, India.
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16
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Snega Priya P, Ashwitha A, Thamizharasan K, Harishkumar M, Dinesh S, Nithya T, Kamaraj M. Synergistic effect of durian fruit rind polysaccharide gel encapsulated prebiotic and probiotic dietary supplements on growth performance, immune-related gene expression, and disease resistance in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Heliyon 2021; 7:e06669. [PMID: 33889779 PMCID: PMC8050004 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of polysaccharide gel (PG) extracted from the rind of durian fruit which is encapsulated with Bacillus subtilis as a feed and co-inoculation with Artemia nauplii in the induction of immune response in Danio rerio after Vibrio immersion challenge (5 days). The total RBC count, lysozyme activity test, weight, and length analysis revealed that the zebra fishes fed with the PG encapsulated probiotics had more immune induction activity, survival, and growth than the non-encapsulated groups. When the expression of the immune-related genes was measured, the studies revealed the significant upregulation (P < 0 .05) of interleukin 1 beta (Il1b), lysozyme (lyz), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes in fish fed with PG encapsulated probiotics with A. nauplii showed an immense effect on the induction of immune response compared to other feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Snega Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, FSH, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, TamilNadu, 603203, India
| | - A. Ashwitha
- Department of Biotechnology, FSH, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, TamilNadu, 603203, India
| | - K. Thamizharasan
- Department of Biotechnology, FSH, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, TamilNadu, 603203, India
| | - M. Harishkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, FSH, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, TamilNadu, 603203, India
| | - S. Dinesh
- ICMR –Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, 605006, India
| | - T.G. Nithya
- Department of Biotechnology, FSH, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, TamilNadu, 603203, India
| | - M. Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
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Chen M, Chen XQ, Tian LX, Liu YJ, Niu J. Improvement of growth, intestinal short-chain fatty acids, non-specific immunity and ammonia resistance in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed dietary water-soluble chitosan and mixed probiotics. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 236:108791. [PMID: 32413493 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was to explore the impacts of water-soluble chitosan and mixed probiotics on growth performance, intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and immunity and ammonia resistance in Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp were fed one of four experimental diets including basal diet (CON), 0.10% water-soluble chitosan diet (WSC), 0.30% mixed probiotics (MP) and 0.10% water-soluble chitosan +0.30% mixed probiotics (SYN) for 8 weeks. Results showed shrimp fed with dietary MP and SYN diets could significantly improve growth performance and feed utilization in comparison with those of shrimp fed with CON diet (P < 0.05). Acetic acid content was significantly higher in shrimp fed with all supplemented diets compared to that in shrimp fed with CON diet (P < 0.05). Compared to shrimp fed with CON diet, dietary WSC and MP significantly influenced the contents and/or activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LZM) in serum, SOD, malondialdehyde (MDA), acid phosphatase (ACP) in hepatopancreas and SOD and MDA in intestine. In addition, the gene expression levels of prophenoloxidase (proPO), penaiedin 3a (Pen-3a), crustin (Crustin), serine proteinase (SP), GPX and SOD in hepatopancreas, were significantly upregulated compared to those in CON diet at some time points (P < 0.05). Significantly higher survival rate in all supplemented diets were observed after ammonia challenge (P < 0.05). Therefore, the above results indicated dietary WSC and MP or SYN could enhance intestinal SCFAs content, stimulated antioxidant capacity and immune response, and increase the ammonia resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Besides, the growth performance was also improved by dietary MP and SYN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xian-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Kong Y, Gao C, Du X, Zhao J, Li M, Shan X, Wang G. Effects of single or conjoint administration of lactic acid bacteria as potential probiotics on growth, immune response and disease resistance of snakehead fish (Channa argus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:412-421. [PMID: 32387561 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been documented to promoting growth, enhancing immunity and disease resistance. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the single or conjoint effects of Lactococcus lactis L19 (Genbank: MT102745.1) and Enterococcus faecalis W24 (Genbank: MT102746.1) isolated from the intestine of Channa argus (C. argus) on growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of C. argus. A total of 720 apparently healthy C. argus (9.50 ± 0.03 g) were randomly divided into four equal groups. Fish were fed with a basal diet (CK) supplemented with L. lactis (L19), E. faecalis (W24), and L. lactis L19 + E. faecalis W24 (L + W) at 1.0 × 108 cfu/g basal diet for 56 days. After feeding, the final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) had significantly increased (p < 0.05), especially with L19. The results indicated that single or conjoint administration of LAB as potential probiotics can induce high levels of IgM, ACP, AKP, LZM, C3 and C4 activity in serum, which may effectively induce humoral immunity, and L19 induce even higher levels. Meanwhile, when compared to CK group, the results of qPCR showed that LAB administration significantly up-regulated (p < 0.05) the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, HSP70, HSP90, TGF-β in the spleen, head kidney, gill, liver and intestine of C. argus. After challenge with Aeromonas veronii, the survival rates in all LAB-fed groups were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the CK group, and the L19 group showed the highest (63.3%) disease resistance. Our data indicated that L. lactis L19 and E. faecalis W24, as a feed additive at 1.0 × 108 cfu/g feed, could promote growth performance, enhance immune response and disease resistance of C. argus, with greatest effects in fish fed L. lactis L19 for 56 days. Hence, these LAB additives could be used as promising probiotics for C. argus. L19 was more effective than W24 or the mixture of the two for promoting growth performance, enhancing immune response and disease resistance of C. argus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Chunshan Gao
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Joint Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Ministry of Education Laboratory of Animal Production and Quality Security, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
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Kurian A, Van Doan H, Tapingkae W, Elumalai P. Modulation of mucosal parameters, innate immunity, growth and resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae by enrichment of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diet with Leucas aspera. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:165-172. [PMID: 31846780 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at evaluating the possible effects of Leucas aspera as immunostimulant on mucosal and serum immunity, as well as on growth and resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. In a 45 days trial, fish were fed experimental diets containing L. aspera 0 g kg-1 (Diet 1- control), 1 g kg-1 (Diet 2), 2 g kg-1(Diet 3), 4 g kg-1 (Diet 4) and 8 g kg-1 (Diet 5). The results revealed a significant increase in the specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), and final weight (FW) in fish fed diet 3 (2 g kg-1) of L. aspera compared to the control and other supplemented groups (P < 0.05). Also, feeding on diet 3 (2 g kg-1) of L. aspera enriched diet significantly (P < 0.05) increased lysozyme activities in the serum and mucus, serum peroxidase and phagocytosis activity. However, significant (P < 0.05) increase in mucus peroxidase activity was reported in fish fed diet 4 (4 g kg-1) and diet 5 (8 g kg-1) of L. aspera, whereas significantly higher (P < 0.05) alternative complement activity was reported in fish fed diet 2 (1 g kg-1) of L. aspera. At the end of the experiment, nine fish per replication were selected for a challenge test against S. agalactiae. The dietary supplementation of L. aspera significantly reduced the mortality rate and increased the resistance of Nile tilapia following by challenge with S. agalactiae. The highest post challenge survival of 100% was observed in tilapia fed diet 5 (8 g kg-1) following by 92.6% of RPS in fish fed diet 4 (4 g kg-1) and 88.9% in diet 3 (2 g kg-1), 77.8% in diet 2 (1 g kg-1) and 74.1% in diet 1(0 g kg-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitha Kurian
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies Panangad, Kochi, 682 506, Kerala, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies Panangad, Kochi, 682 506, Kerala, India.
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Effects of Single and Combined Supplementation of Dietary Probiotic with Bovine Lactoferrin and Xylooligosaccharide on Hemato-Immunological and Digestive Enzymes of Silvery-Black Porgy ( Sparidentex hasta) Fingerlings. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum as probiotic (Pro) with bovine lactoferrin (LF) and xylooligosacharide (XOS) on growth performance, hemato-immune response, body composition, digestive enzymes activity and expression of immune-related and growth-related genes of sobaity (Sparidentex hasta) for 8 weeks. Fish were fed with feed including: control diet (no LF, XOS and pro inclusion), diet 1 (400 mg kg−1 LF + 5000 mg kg−1 XOS), diet 2 (400 mg kg−1 LF + 10000 mg kg −1 XOS), diet 3 (400 mg kg−1 LF + 1 × 106 gr−1 Pro (L. plantarum)), diet 4 (800 mg kg−1 LF + 5000 mg kg −1 XOS), diet 5 (800 mg kg−1 LF + 10000 mg kg−1 XOS), diet 6 (800 mg kg−1 LF + 1 × 106 gr−1 Pro (L. plantarum)). Growth performance, hematological parameters (except for white blood cell counts), body composition and immune-related gene expression were not affected by different experimental groups (p>0.05). Nonetheless, non-specific immune response (except for total immunoglobulin) and growth-related gene expression of treatments and control group significantly varied (P<0.05). Digestive enzymes activity including total protease and amylase increased by supplementing diets with different combinations of immunostimulants (P<0.05). Our results suggest that diets supplemented with selected levels of LF, XOS and L. plantarum could not improve growth performance, body composition and hemato-immune response, but improved digestive enzyme activities in S. hasta fingerlings.
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Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus Casei YYL3 and L. Plantarum YYL5 on Growth, Immune Response and Intestinal Microbiota in Channel Catfish. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121005. [PMID: 31757039 PMCID: PMC6941169 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Channel catfish became one of the most efficient aquaculture species due to its fast growth and considerable commercial importance, however, the intensive farming of these fish resulted in disease pressure and the eutrophic conditions. In this study, we isolated two strains of lactobacillus, Lactobacilluscasei YYL3 and L. plantarum YYL5, which can be potentially used as feed additives to promote the growth performance, disease resistance against Edwardsiellaictaluri, and dramatically change the composition of intestinal microbiota of channel catfish. Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of probiotics L. casei YYL3 (Lc) and L. plantarum YYL5 (Lp) on growth performance, innate immunity, disease resistance and intestinal microbiota of channel catfish. A total of 252 catfish (67.20 ± 1.46 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups which were fed with basal diet, Lc-added (3.0 × 108 cfu/g) or Lp-added (3.0 × 108 cfu/g) diets, respectively. After 4 weeks of feeding, Lc significantly enhanced the growth and feed utilization of channel catfish compared with the control group (CG). Following that, the catfish were challenged with an intraperitoneal injection of 200 μL of the pathogenic E.ictaluri (2.0 × 106 cfu/mL), the relative percent survival of Lc and Lp were 38.28% and 12.76%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing indicated Lc and Lp reduced the alpha diversity of the intestinal microbiota in channel catfish. Lactobacillus were overwhelming in the guts during probiotics treatment, but almost vanished away after 2 weeks post-cessation of probiotics administration. Compared to CG, Lc and Lp resulted in an increased abundance of Pseudomonas and decreased amount of Aeromonas. Functional analysis revealed that Lc treatment upregulated the relative abundance of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways including lipid metabolism, metabolism of other amino acids, metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides, xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. Combined, our data revealed that Lc, as a feed additive at 3.0 × 108 cfu/g, could promote the growth performance, disease resistance and dramatically change the composition of intestinal microbiota of channel catfish.
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Doan HV, Hoseinifar SH, Sringarm K, Jaturasitha S, Khamlor T, Dawood MAO, Esteban MÁ, Soltani M, Musthafa MS. Effects of elephant's foot (Elephantopus scaber) extract on growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:328-335. [PMID: 31344457 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plant has been applied as an alternative strategy for antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for controlling the outbreak of diseases in tilapia farming. In this study, five doses of Elephantopus scaber extract (ESE) were added to the basal diet at 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 g kg-1 feed of Nile tilapia fingerlings (13.92 ± 0.06 g initial weight) in triplicate. After 4- and 8- weeks post-feeding, fish were sampled to determine the effects of the ESE supplemented on fish's growth performance, humoral, and skin mucus immune response. After 8 weeks post-feeding, a challenge test against Streptococcus agalactiae was carried out using 10 fish from each tank. Fish fed ESE showed significantly increased serum lysozyme (SL), serum peroxidase (SP), alternative complement (ACH50), phagocytosis (PI), and respiratory burst (RB) compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The skin mucus lysozyme (SMLA) and skin peroxidase (SMPA) were stimulated in fish fed ESE diets. Dietary inclusion of ESE significantly (P < 0.05) promoted final body weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR); while a reduction in feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in fish fed 5 g kg-1 ESE, after 8 weeks post-feeding. The challenge study indicated that the relative percent survival (RSP) was 38.10%, 76.19%, 66.67%, and 47.62% in Diet 2, Diet 3, Diet 4, and Diet 5, respectively. Among the supplemented groups, dietary of 5 g kg-1 ESE showed significantly higher RPS and the highest resistance to S. agalactiae in comparison with other groups. In conclusion, supplementation of ESE (5 g kg-1) enhanced the humoral and mucosal immunity, promoted growth performance, and improved disease resistance of Nile tilapia against Streptococcus agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd, Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd, Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Trisadee Khamlor
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Maria Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Mehdi Soltani
- Fresh water and Fish Health Group, Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Australia
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23
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Boosted Growth Performance, Mucosal and Serum Immunity, and Disease Resistance Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings Using Corncob-Derived Xylooligosaccharide and Lactobacillus plantarum CR1T5. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:400-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Immunomodulatory effects of orally administrated florfenicol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following experimental challenge with streptococcosis/lactococcosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:236-245. [PMID: 31108388 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to determine whether florfenicol (FFC) as the prominent broad-spectrum antibiotic could affect serum biochemical and immunological parameters, as well as immune-related genes expression in rainbow trout (55 ± 7.6 g) challenged with the Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus iniae. In the first trial, the doses of the pathogens for challenge test were determined based on LD50. The therapeutic dosage of the drug (15 mg.kg-1 BW for 10 consecutive days) was administrated as medicated feed. After anesthesia, blood and kidney samples were collected from individual fish and were kept in deep freezing mode until the beginning of the measurements. Serum biochemical and enzymatic indices were measured using commercial kits. Immune parameters including total immunoglobulin level, lysozyme, ACH50, respiratory burst (RB), and phagocytic activities (PA) and the expression of immune genes namely TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IgM was evaluated. The levels of lysozyme and RB activities, as well as the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β genes, showed a significant increase in the FFC treated/infected fish compared to untreated diseased fish (P < 0.05). In contrast, serum total immunoglobulin and IgM-related genes expression were suppressed following drug administration represented by a significant reduction in untreated streptococcal infected fish compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). However, no significant effect of FFC was observed on serum ACH50 activity, PA values and IL-8-related gene expression (P > 0.05). These results demonstrated that FFC treatment could improve some physiological status including stress resistance and some liver function parameters, and much innate immunity was invigorated, but at the same time, the suppressive effects of FFC on acquainted immunity cannot be ignored.
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25
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Lulijwa R, Alfaro AC, Merien F, Burdass M, Young T, Meyer J, Nguyen TV, Trembath C. Characterisation of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) blood and validation of flow cytometry cell count and viability assay kit. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:179-188. [PMID: 30822520 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
New Zealand Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) industry has great potential for growth and expansion. While production is relatively free of health problems, there is limited literature on haematology, and immunological tools to safeguard against possible future health threats. The current study aim was to characterise New Zealand farmed O. tshawytscha peripheral blood cellular composition, develop a micro-volume method to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and validate a microcapillary flow cytometry assay kit for PBMC cell count and viability assessment. We used light microscopy to characterise peripheral blood and PBMC cellular composition in combination with a flow cytometer Sysmex XT 2000i Haematology Analyser. ImageJ version 1.52 was used for cell size characterisation of freshly stained blood. The stability of PBMCs stained with the Muse® Cell Count and Viability Assay Kit and the Trypan blue assay stains were studied at 4 °C and 21 °C for 60 min; while the Muse® Cell Count and Viability Assay Kit was validated against the Trypan blue assay haemocytometer chamber to assess PBMC count and viability. Findings showed that O. tshawytscha smolt yearlings had total blood cell counts in the range of 1.9-2.7 × 106 μL-1. Differential cell counts revealed five cell types, comprising 97.18% erythrocytes, 2.03% lymphocytes, 0.67% thrombocytes, 0.09% monocytes, and unquantifiable neutrophils. Using micro-volumes of blood and Lymphoprep™, we successfully isolated fish PBMCs. Significantly, stained PBMCs remained stable for up to 45 min at 4 °C and 21 °C; while validation of the Muse® protocol showed that this microfluidic instrument delivered more accurate and precise viability results than the haemocytometer. The Muse® protocol is rapid, easy to use, has quick calibration steps, and is suitable for field use to facilitate onsite sample processing. These findings pave the way for future assessments of fish health and in vitro immunological studies in O. tshawytscha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Lulijwa
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), Rwebitaba Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (Rwebitaba-ZARDI), P. O. Box 96, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Fabrice Merien
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mark Burdass
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology (NMIT), H-Block, 322 Hardy Street, Private Bag 19, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jill Meyer
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Thao V Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Trembath
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology (NMIT), H-Block, 322 Hardy Street, Private Bag 19, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
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Mohan K, Ravichandran S, Muralisankar T, Uthayakumar V, Chandirasekar R, Seedevi P, Abirami RG, Rajan DK. Application of marine-derived polysaccharides as immunostimulants in aquaculture: A review of current knowledge and further perspectives. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1177-1193. [PMID: 30599257 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in the feeds of cultivable aquatic animals has been generally practised to reduce infectious diseases as well as to improve the survival and growth. In recent years, many countries ban to aquatic animals due to the use of large amount of antibiotics and chemotherapies, thus alternative novel strategies are need to promote the growth of aquatic animals and control the pathogens. Dietary supplementation of marine-derived polysaccharides (MDPs) is one of the potential substitutes for antibiotics in aquatic animal feeds. Recently, the use of dietary MDPs in the aquaculture animals has been focused with much interest. In aquaculture, MDPs are used as prebiotic substance which is mostly accepted as a nutritional component for improving the growth performance and health conditions. Hence, present review is a comprehensive and an updated collection of available research reports on different MDPs (alginate, fucoidan, carrageenan, laminarin, ulvan, galactan, agar, chitin and chitosan), route of administration, dosage and applications for improving aqua feeds with emphasis on its effects on growth, biochemical indices, immune response, gut microbiota and disease resistance of aquaculture animals. This review describes the sustainability of global aquaculture production by providing a best alternative to harmful antibiotics, thereby meeting the emerging consumer demand for antibiotic-free aquatic food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Mohan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India.
| | - Samuthirapandian Ravichandran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Muralisankar
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 046, India
| | | | | | - Palaniappan Seedevi
- Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramu Ganesan Abirami
- School of Applied Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Technology (CEST), Fiji National University, 5529, Fiji
| | - Durairaj Karthick Rajan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608 502, India
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Sewaka M, Trullas C, Chotiko A, Rodkhum C, Chansue N, Boonanuntanasarn S, Pirarat N. Efficacy of synbiotic Jerusalem artichoke and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-supplemented diets on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, immune parameters and protection against Aeromonas veronii in juvenile red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:260-268. [PMID: 30439500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Synbiotics, a synergistic combination of probiotics and prebiotics, are currently regarded as one of the most practical nutritional supplements in tilapia farms. In this study, the effect of supplementing the diet of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) with Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was evaluated. Growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology, goblet cell counts, immune parameters and protection against Aeromonas veronii challenge were determined. The results showed that fish fed with synbiotic-supplemented diets had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), and average daily gain (ADG) than fish fed with a control diet. The synbiotic-supplemented diet increased glucose, total protein and the total cholesterol levels. The absorptive area of the proximal and distal intestine of fish fed on the synbiotic diet was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in those fed with probiotics (LGG), prebiotic-supplemented diets (JA), and the control diet. Goblet cell counts revealed that the numbers of acid mucous cells, neutral mucous cells and double-staining mucous cells of fish fed the synbiotic-supplemented diet (JA + LGG) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the proximal and distal intestine. Fish fed the synbiotic-supplemented diets also exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) lysozyme activity. The cumulative mortalities of fish fed with a synbiotic-supplemented diet were significantly lower than those of fish fed other diets. The results suggested the beneficial effect of JA and LGG synbiotic diet on growth performance and health status of red tilapia. Direct administration of JA and LGG in fish feed can be used as a practical nutritional supplement in red tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Sewaka
- Wildlife Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology-Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Clara Trullas
- Wildlife Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology-Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arranee Chotiko
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Nantarika Chansue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn
- School of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nopadon Pirarat
- Wildlife Exotic and Aquatic Animal Pathology-Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Dawood MAO, Eweedah NM, Moustafa EM, Shahin MG. Synbiotic Effects of Aspergillus oryzae and β-Glucan on Growth and Oxidative and Immune Responses of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:172-183. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zheng CC, Cai XY, Huang MM, Mkingule I, Sun C, Qian SC, Wu ZJ, Han BN, Fei H. Effect of biological additives on Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) growth performance, digestive enzymes activity and immunology. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:704-710. [PMID: 30359751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) has become a commercially important fish species all over the world. High-density aquaculture has led to congestion and contributed to bacterial infection outbreaks that have caused high mortality. Therefore a 56-days feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GB-9) and Yarrowia lipolytica lipase2 (YLL2) on growth performance, digestive enzymes activity, innate immunity and resistance to pathogens of A. japonica. Fish growth performance was significantly affected by dietary YLL2 supplementation but not by GB-9. Fish fed diets with YLL2 at 2.0 g/kg diet in combination of high and low levels of GB-9 (5.0 g/kg and 2.0 g/kg) produced the highest growth. For digestive enzyme, lipase and trypsin activities was promoted by dietary containing YLL2, while amylase activities was increased by dietary containing YLL2, GB-9 single or combination. For innate immunity, the mucus lysozyme activity, leukocytes phagocytosis activity and reactive oxygen species level of skin, peroxidase and lysozyme activity of serum were enhanced in fish fed with GB-9 compared to those in control group (p < 0.05). The highest resistance to Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas hydrophila was determined in fish fed with 5.0 g kg-1 GB-9 + 2.0 g/kg YLL2. This study demonstrated that GB-9 and YLL2 enhanced non-specific immune defense system of A. japonica, providing them with higher resistance to pathogens. The present results suggested that the combination of these supplements could be considered as potential biological additives for aquaculture farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cai Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xin-Yi Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Meng-Meng Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Idefonce Mkingule
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cong Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shi-Chao Qian
- Hangzhou Biopeptide Biotech Co., Ltd, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ju Wu
- Hangzhou Biopeptide Biotech Co., Ltd, 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Nan Han
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Qingdao Master Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 266000, China
| | - Hui Fei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Fei H, Lin GD, Zheng CC, Huang MM, Qian SC, Wu ZJ, Sun C, Shi ZG, Li JY, Han BN. Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Yarrowia lipolytica lipase 2 on immunology and growth performance of Hybrid sturgeon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:250-257. [PMID: 30125703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A 12-weeks feeding trial was performed to investigate the possible effects of supplementation of Hybrid sturgeon diet with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GB-9) and Yarrowia lipolytica lipase2 (YLL2) single or combined on immune response and growth performance of Hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenkii ♂and Acipenser baeri ♀). For this aim, Hybrid sturgeons were fed with four experimental diets namely: Diet 1 (0-control), Diet 2 (5.0 g/kg GB-9), Diet 3 (4.0 g/kg YLL2), and Diet 4 (5.0 g/kg GB-9 + 4.0 g/kg YLL2), respectively. After fed with varied diets, growth performance, mucosal immune response, leukocytes immune response and serum immunological response were measured. The results indicated that supplementations of GB-9 + YLL2 resulted in a significant increase in final weight, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) concentration, compared with that of control (p < 0.05). For innate immunity, the results showed that skin mucus lysozyme activity, leukocytes phagocytosis activity and reactive oxygen species level, and serum alternative complement pathway activity, peroxidase and lysozyme activity were significantly higher in supplemented groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). The highest values were recorded in fish fed both YLL2 and GB-9 with respect to the individual application. The present results suggested that the combination of these supplementation could be considered as potential feed-additives for aquaculture farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Guo-Dong Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Cheng-Cai Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Meng-Meng Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shi-Chao Qian
- Hangzhou Biopeptide Biotech Co., Ltd., 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Ju Wu
- Hangzhou Biopeptide Biotech Co., Ltd., 310012, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Zhen-Guang Shi
- Yunnan Amur Sturgeon Group Co., Ltd., 654200, Huize, China
| | - Jian-You Li
- Huize Dian Ze Aquaculture Co., Ltd., 654200, Huize, China
| | - Bing-Nan Han
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Qingdao Master Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 266000, China
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Doan HV, Hoseinifar SH, Elumalai P, Tongsiri S, Chitmanat C, Jaturasitha S, Doolgindachbaporn S. Effects of orange peels derived pectin on innate immune response, disease resistance and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured under indoor biofloc system. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:56-62. [PMID: 29859308 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of orange peels derived pectin (OPDP) on skin mucus and serum immune parameters, disease resistance and growth performance of O. niloticus cultured under indoor biofloc system. Six hundred Nile tilapia (average weight 9.09 ± 0.05 g) were distributed into 15 fiber tanks (300 L per tank) assigned to five treatments repeated in triplicate. Fish were fed experimental diets contain different levels OPDP as follows: 0 (control in clear water), 0 (control in biofloc system), 5, 10, and 20 g kg-1 OPDP for 8 weeks. At weeks 4 and 8 post feeding, skin mucus lysozyme (SMLA), peroxidase activities (SMPA), serum lysozyme (SL), serum peroxidase (SP), alternative complement (ACH50), phagocytosis (PI), and respiratory burst activities (RB) as well specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), final weight (FW), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured. Also, resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae was assessed after 8 weeks post-feeding. Nile tilapia fed OPDP supplemented diets had significantly higher SMLA and SMPA compared to the controls (P < 0.05). The maximum values were observed in tilapia fed 10 g kg-1 OPDP followed by 5 and 20 g kg-1 OPDP. Nevertheless, no significant differences were observed between these two supplemented diets and between the control groups (P > 0.05). Regarding the serum immunological parameters, dietary inclusion of 10 g kg-1 OPDP showed significant higher SL and PI than other supplemented groups and control groups (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in SL and PI of fish fed 5 and 20 g kg-1 OPDP (P > 0.05). Dietary administration of OPDP significantly increased SP and ACH50 compared to the controls (P < 0.05), regardless of inclusion level. Additionally, non-significant change was found in RB of OPDP fed fish when compared with the controls (P > 0.05). The challenge test revealed that relative percent of survival (RPS) in OPDP treatments were 45.45%, 81.82%, 50%, respectively. The highest RPS was noticed in fish fed 10 g kg-1 OPDP. Furthermore, dietary administration of OPDP significantly improved SGR, WG, FW, and FCR (P < 0.05). Overall, the present findings suggested that OPDP can be taken into account as functional feed additives for O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan, Iran
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- School of Aquatic Food Products and Techonology Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies Panangad, Kochi, 682 506, Kerala, India
| | - Sudaporn Tongsiri
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Chanagun Chitmanat
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Kumar P, Jain KK, Sardar P. Effects of dietary synbiotic on innate immunity, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of Cirrhinus mrigala juveniles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 80:124-132. [PMID: 29857133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The dietary supplementation of synbiotic in Cirrhinus mrigala juvenile (with initial body weight ranging from 2.87 ± 0.01 g to 3.26 ± 0.05 g) was evaluated in terms of changes in innate immunity, antioxidant activity and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophilla infection. One hundred eighty acclimatized juveniles of mrigal were randomly distributed in the three replicates of each of four experimental groups i.e. control (without Probiotic and Prebiotic), T1 (High Probiotic + Low Prebiotic), T2 (Low Probiotic + High Prebiotic) and T3 (High Probiotic + High Prebiotic), using completely randomized design (CRD). At the end of the feeding trial for 60 days, fish were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila and survival rate was recorded for the next 15 days. Bacillus subtilis used as a probiotic source and MOS used as a prebiotic source in the experiment. Results showed that innate immunity was comparatively improved in T3 group. Lysozyme activity and respiratory burst activity (NBT) were significantly (P < 0.05) affected in T3 group. Highest activities of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05) were reported in T3 group. Cumulative mortality % was found to be lower in the fish fed dietary synbiotic on T3 group after challenging with Aeromonas hydrophilla infection. The results of this study showed that under the experimental conditions, dietary supplementation of synbiotic had a synergestic effect on enhancing innate immunity and disease resistance of Cirrhinus mrigala (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Lahli, 124411, Haryana, India.
| | - K K Jain
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
| | - P Sardar
- Department of Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Fisheries University Road, Versova, Mumbai, 400 061, India
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Ringø E, Hoseinifar SH, Ghosh K, Doan HV, Beck BR, Song SK. Lactic Acid Bacteria in Finfish-An Update. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1818. [PMID: 30147679 PMCID: PMC6096003 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex and dynamic community of microorganisms, play important roles within the fish gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Of the bacteria colonizing the GI tract, are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) generally considered as favorable microorganism due to their abilities to stimulating host GI development, digestive function, mucosal tolerance, stimulating immune response, and improved disease resistance. In early finfish studies, were culture-dependent methods used to enumerate bacterial population levels within the GI tract. However, due to limitations by using culture methods, culture-independent techniques have been used during the last decade. These investigations have revealed the presence of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Carnobacterium, Weissella, and Pediococcus as indigenous species. Numerous strains of LAB isolated from finfish are able to produce antibacterial substances toward different potential fish pathogenic bacteria as well as human pathogens. LAB are revealed be the most promising bacterial genera as probiotic in aquaculture. During the decade numerous investigations are performed on evaluation of probiotic properties of different genus and species of LAB. Except limited contradictory reports, most of administered strains displayed beneficial effects on both, growth-and reproductive performance, immune responses and disease resistance of finfish. This eventually led to industrial scale up and introduction LAB-based commercial probiotics. Pathogenic LAB belonging to the genera Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Carnobacterium, and Lactococcus have been detected from ascites, kidney, liver, heart, and spleen of several finfish species. These pathogenic bacteria will be addressed in present review which includes their impacts on finfish aquaculture, possible routes for treatment. Finfish share many common structures and functions of the immune system with warm-blooded animals, although apparent differences exist. This similarity in the immune system may result in many shared LAB effects between finfish and land animals. LAB-fed fish show an increase in innate immune activities leading to disease resistances: neutrophil activity, lysozyme secretion, phagocytosis, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α). However, some LAB strains preferentially induces IL-10 instead, a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine. These results indicate that LAB may vary in their immunological effects depending on the species and hosts. So far, the immunological studies using LAB have been focused on their effects on innate immunity. However, these studies need to be further extended by investigating their involvement in the modulation of adaptive immunity. The present review paper focuses on recent findings in the field of isolation and detection of LAB, their administration as probiotic in aquaculture and their interaction with fish immune responses. Furthermore, the mode of action of probiotics on finfish are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Ringø
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Koushik Ghosh
- Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Bo Ram Beck
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang, South Korea
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Ashouri G, Mahboobi Soofiani N, Hoseinifar SH, Jalali SAH, Morshedi V, Van Doan H, Torfi Mozanzadeh M. Combined effects of dietary low molecular weight sodium alginate and Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M on growth performance, haematological and innate immune responses of Asian sea bass (Lates calcalifer) juveniles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:34-41. [PMID: 29738872 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Six weeks feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary administration of low molecular weight sodium alginate (LMWSA) and Pediococcus acidilactici MA 18/5M (PA) on humoral and mucosal immune responses, haematological parameters and growth performance, of Lates calcarifer juveniles. Fish (12.0 ± 0.2 g) were fed experimental diets as follows: Control (diet 1, basal diet), 5 g kg-1 LMWSA (diet 2), 10 g kg-1 LMWSA (diet 3), 0.9 × 107 CFU g-1 PA (diet 4), 5 g kg-1 LMWSA + 0.9 × 107 CFU g-1 PA (Diet 5), and 10 g kg-1 LMWSA + 0.9 × 107 CFU g-1 PA (Diet 6). Results indicated a significant (P < 0.05) increase in innate immune parameters including serum lysozyme, bactericidal, hemolytic and respiratory burst activities as well as mucosal immune responses including lysozyme and bactericidal activities, when diet was supplemented with immunostimulants. Moreover, the combined effects of LMWSA with PA resulted in more pronounced immunological responses compared to the control and singular administration. Red and white blood cell counts significantly increased with either singular or combined administration of LMWSA and PA compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The singular administration of PA and combined supplementation of 5 g kg-1 LMWSA with PA significantly increased growth performance and feed intake compared with other experimental groups (P < 0.05). These results indicated that combined administration of LMWSA and PA can be considered as beneficial feed additive and immunostimulant in L. calcarifer juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Ashouri
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Nasrollah Mahboobi Soofiani
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Vahid Morshedi
- Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913798, Iran
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh
- Iran Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO), South Iranian Aquaculture Research Center, Marine Fish Aquaculture Research Station, Sarbandar, Iran
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Van Doan H, Hoseinifar SH, Dawood MAO, Chitmanat C, Tayyamath K. Effects of Cordyceps militaris spent mushroom substrate and Lactobacillus plantarum on mucosal, serum immunology and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:87-94. [PMID: 28882795 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An 8-weeks feeding trial was performed to investigate the possible effects of supplementation of Nile tilapia diet with Cordyceps militaris spent mushroom substrate (SMS) single or combined with Lactobacillus plantarum on immune parameters and growth performance. For this aim, Nile tilapia fingerlings were fed with four experimental diets namely: Diet 1 (0 - control), Diet 2 (10 g kg-1 SMS), Diet 3 (108 CFU g-1L. plantarum), and Diet 4 (10 g kg-1 SMS + 108 CFU g-1L. plantarum). At the end of feeding trial, skin mucus parameters, serum immune parameters, and growth performance were measured. The results indicated that supplementations SMS + L. plantarum or/and resulted in a significant increase in skin mucus lysozyme and peroxidase activities compared with the control group after 8 weeks of feeding trial (P < 0.05). The highest values of these parameters were recorded for fish fed both SMS + L. plantarum supplementations. Nonetheless, no significant difference was recorded between other supplemented groups (P < 0.05). For serum immunology, the results showed that serum lysozyme activity, alternative complement, phagocytosis, serum peroxidase, and respiratory burst activities were significantly higher in supplemented groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). The highest values were recorded in fish fed both SMS and L. plantarum with respect to the individual application. No significant differences were observed between fish fed SMS and L. plantarum (P < 0.05). Results on growth performance indicated that fish fed supplemented diets showed a statistically significant increase in the specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), final weight (FW) compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The highest SGR and WG values were observed in fish fed both dietary SMS and L. plantarum. However, no significant differences in these parameters were observed in fish fed SMS or L. plantarum alone (P > 0.05). The FCR was significantly lower in fish fed 10 g kg-1 SMS + 108 CFU g-1L. plantarum than in other groups, while control group presented the highest values (P < 0.05). The present results suggested that the combination of these natural substances could be considered as potential feed-additives for aquaculture farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Chanagun Chitmanat
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Khambou Tayyamath
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Zhang CN, Zhang JL, Guan WC, Zhang XF, Guan SH, Zeng QH, Cheng GF, Cui W. Effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii on immune response, disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila, antioxidant capability and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio Huanghe var. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:84-91. [PMID: 28698125 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of dietary Lactobacillus delbrueckii (L. delbrueckii) on immune response, disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila), antioxidant capability and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio Huanghe var. 450 fish (mean weight of 1.05 ± 0.03 g) were randomly distributed into five groups that fed diets containing different levels of L. delbrueckii (0, 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 CFU g-1) for 8 weeks. The results showed that intestinal immune parameters such as lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and myeloperoxidase activities, immunoglobulin M content, and the survival rate were improved in fish fed with 1 × 106 and 1 × 107 CFU g-1L. delbrueckii. In addition, 1 × 107 CFU g-1L. delbrueckii supplementation down-regulated mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β and NF-κBp65, and up-regulated IL-10 and TGF-β mRNA levels in the intestine. The survival rate was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (68.33%) in fish fed 1 × 106 CFU g-1L. delbrueckii than the control diet-fed group (40%) after challenge by A. hydrophila. Fish fed with diet containing 1 × 106 CFU g-1L. delbrueckii showed higher antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and lower MDA concentrations than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The relative gene expression (SOD, CAT, GPX) showed the same trend with their activities. In addition, the growth performance was significantly improved in fish fed with the diet containing 1 × 106 and 1 × 107 CFU g-1L. delbrueckii (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that dietary optimal levels of L. delbrueckii enhanced immunity, disease resistance against A. hydrophila antioxidant capability and growth performance in Cyprinus carpio Huanghe var.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Liang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen-Chao Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Hua Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hui Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Feng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Scientific and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
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Doan HV, Hoseinifar SH, Tapingkae W, Chitmanat C, Mekchay S. Effects of Cordyceps militaris spent mushroom substrate on mucosal and serum immune parameters, disease resistance and growth performance of Nile tilapia, (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:78-85. [PMID: 28578127 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was determination effects of dietary administration of C. militaris spent mushroom substrate (SMS) on mucosal and serum immune parameters, disease resistance, and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two hundred twenty five fish of similar weight (37.28 ± 0.10 g) were assigned to the following diets [0 (T1- Control), 5 (T2), 10 (T3), 20 (T4) and 40 g kg-1 (T5) SMS]. After 60 days of feeding trial, growth performance, skin mucus lysozyme and peroxidase activities as well as serum innate immune were measured. In addition, survival rate and innate immune responses were calculated after challenge test (15 days) against Streptococcus agalactiae. The results revealed that regardless of inclusion levels, feeding Nile tilapia with SMS supplemented diets significantly increased skin mucus lysozyme and peroxidase activities as well as serum immune parameters (SL, ACH50, PI, RB, and RB) compared control group (P < 0.05). The highest increment of immune parameters was observed in fish fed 10 g kg-1 SMS which was significantly higher than other treatments (P < 0.05). Also, the relative percent survival (RSP) in T2, T3, T4, and T5 was 61.11%, 88.89%, 66.67, and 55.56%, respectively. Among the supplemented groups, fish fed 10 g kg-1 SMS showed significant higher RPS and resistance to S. agalactiae than other groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the growth performance, SGR, WG, FW, and FCR were remarkably improved (P < 0.05) in SMS groups; the highest improvement observed in 10 g kg-1 SMS treatment. According to these finding, administration of 10 g kg-1 SMS is suggested in tilapia to improve growth performance and health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Chanagun Chitmanat
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290 Thailand
| | - Supamit Mekchay
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
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Van Doan H, Hoseinifar SH, Tapingkae W, Khamtavee P. The effects of dietary kefir and low molecular weight sodium alginate on serum immune parameters, resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae and growth performance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 62:139-146. [PMID: 28088470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effects of dietary kefir and low molecular weight sodium alginate (LWMSA) (singular or combined) on non-specific immune response, disease resistance and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish with average weight of 18.60 ± 0.04 g were supplied and randomly stocked in sixteen glass tanks (150 L) at density of 20 fish per tank. Fish were fed experimental diets as follows: 0 g kg-1 LMWSA (Control, Diet 1), 10 g kg-1 LMWSA (Diet 2), 40 g kg-1 kefir (Diet 3), and 10 g kg-1 LMWSA + 40 g kg-1 kefir (Diet 4) for 50 days. At the end of the feeding trial, serum lysozyme (SL), phagocytosis (PI), respiratory burst (RB), and alternative complement (ACH50) activities as well as growth performance were measured. Singular and combined administration of kefir and low molecular weight sodium alginate (LMWSA) significantly increased serum SL, PI, RB, and ACH50 activities compared control group (P < 0.05); the highest innate immune responses were observed in fish fed combinational diet (kefir + LMWSA) (P < 0.05). The results of experimental challenge revealed significantly higher resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae in fish fed supplemented diets and the highest post challenge survival rate was observed in synbiotic diet (P < 0.05). Similar results obtained in case of growth parameters. Feeding on supplemented diet significantly improved SGR and FCR and the highest growth parameters was observed in fish fed synbiotic diet (P < 0.05). These finding revealed that combined administration of dietary kefir and LMWSA can be considered for improving immune response, disease resistance and growth performance of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pimporn Khamtavee
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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