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Lin L, Li C, Chang CC, Du R, Ji J, Kuo LY, Chen KH. Phyllosphere mycobiome in two Lycopodiaceae plant species: unraveling potential HupA-producing fungi and fungal interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2025; 16:1426540. [PMID: 40161220 PMCID: PMC11949897 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1426540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA), a lycopodium alkaloid with therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, is found exclusively in some species of the Huperzioideae subfamily of Lycopodiaceae. Fungi associated with Huperzioideae species are potential contributors to HupA biosynthesis, offering promising prospects for HupA production. Despite its medical significance, limited knowledge of fungal diversity in lycophytes and the variability of HupA production in fungal strains have impeded the discovery and applications of HupA-producing fungi. Here, we investigated HupA concentrations and the mycobiome across various tissues of two Lycopodiaceae species, Huperzia asiatica (a HupA producer) and Diphasiastrum complanatum (a non-HupA producer). We aim to unveil the distribution of potential HupA-producing fungi in different plant tissues and elucidate fungal interactions within the mycobiome, aiming to uncover the role of HupA-producing fungi and pinpoint their potential fungal facilitators. Among the tissues, H. asiatica exhibited the highest HupA concentration in apical shoots (360.27 μg/g fresh weight) whereas D. complanatum showed no HupA presence in any tissue. We obtained 441 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from H. asiatica and 497 ASVs from D. complanatum. The fungal communities in bulbils and apical shoots of H. asiatica were low in diversity and dominated by Sordariomycetes, a fungal class harboring the majority of reported HupA-producing fungi. Integrating bioinformatics with published experimental reports, we identified 27 potential HupA-producing fungal ASVs, primarily in H. asiatica, with 12 ASVs identified as hubs in the fungal interaction network, underscoring their pivotal roles in mycobiome stability. Members of certain fungal genera, such as Penicillium, Trichoderma, Dioszegia, Exobasidium, Lycoperdon, and Cladosporium, exhibited strong connections with the potential HupA producers in H. asiatica's network rather than in D. complanatum's. This study advances our knowledge of fungal diversity in Lycopodiaceae and provides insights into the search for potential HupA-producing fungi and fungal facilitators. It highlights the importance of exploring young tissues and emphasizes the ecological interactions that may promote the fungi-mediated production of complex bioactive compounds, offering new directions for research in fungal ecology and secondary metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Lin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Ran Du
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ji
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Yaung Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hsuan Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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El-Hady NAAA, ElSayed AI, Wadan KM, El-Saadany SS, El-Sayed ASA. Bioprocessing of camptothecin from Alternaria brassicicola, an endophyte of Catharanthus roseus, with a strong antiproliferative activity and inhibition to Topoisomerases. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:214. [PMID: 39060918 PMCID: PMC11282713 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Suppression of fungal camptothecin (CPT) biosynthesis with the preservation and successive subculturing is the challenge that impedes fungi from the industrial application, so, screening for a novel fungal isolate with a conceivable stable producing potency of CPT was the main objective of this work. Catharanthus roseus with diverse contents of bioactive metabolites could have a plethora of novel endophytes with unique metabolic properties. Among the endophytes of C. roseus, Alternaria brassicicola EFBL-NV OR131587.1 was the highest CPT producer (96.5 μg/L). The structural identity of the putative CPT was verified by HPLC, FTIR, HNMR and LC-MS/MS, with a molecular mass 349 m/z, and molecular fragmentation patterns that typically identical to the authentic one. The purified A. brassicicola CPT has a strong antiproliferative activity towards UO-31 (0.75 μM) and MCF7 (3.2 μM), with selectivity index 30.8, and 7.1, respectively, in addition to resilient activity to inhibit Topo II (IC50 value 0.26 nM) than Topo 1 (IC50 value 3.2 nM). The purified CPT combat the wound healing of UO-31 cells by ~ 52%, stops their matrix formation, cell migration and metastasis. The purified CPT arrest the cellular division of the UO-31 at the S-phase, and inducing their cellular apoptosis by ~ 20.4 folds, compared to the control cells. Upon bioprocessing with the surface response methodology, the CPT yield by A. brassicicola was improved by ~ 3.3 folds, compared to control. The metabolic potency of synthesis of CPT by A. brassicicola was attenuated with the fungal storage and subculturing, losing ~ 50% of their CPT productivity by the 6th month of storage and 6th generation. Practically, the CPT productivity of the attenuated A. brassicicola was restored by addition of 1% surface sterilized leaves of C. roseus, ensuring the eliciting of cryptic gene cluster of A. brassicicola CPT via the plant microbiome-A. brassicicola interactions. So, for the first time, a novel endophytic isolate A. brassicicola, from C. roseus, was explored to have a relatively stable CPT biosynthetic machinery, with an affordable feasibility to restore their CPT productivity using C. roseus microbiome, in addition to the unique affinity of the extracted CPT to inhibit Topoisomerase I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran A A Abd El-Hady
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Abdelaleim I ElSayed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Khalid M Wadan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sayed S El-Saadany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Doan TN, Le TD, Ho NA, Ho TT, Do TT, Hoang H, Nguyen MH, Bui TM, Chu HH. Isolation, anticancer potency, and camptothecin-producing ability of endophytic fungi isolated from Ixora chinensis. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241253675. [PMID: 38807531 PMCID: PMC11140193 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241253675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is an important alkaloid used for anticancer treatment. It is mainly produced by two endangered and overharvested Camptotheca acuminata and Nothapodytes nimmoniana plants. Endophytic fungi are promising alternative sources for CPT production. In the present study, fungi residing within explants of Ixora chinensis were isolated and their CPT-producing capability of their endophytes was verified via thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses and compared with standards. In addition, MTT and sulforhodamine B assays were selected to test the anticancer effect. The endophytic fungi collection of 62 isolates were assigned to 11 genera, with four common genera (Diaporthe, Phyllosticta, Colletotrichum, and Phomopsis) and seven less common genera (Penicillium, Botryosphaeria, Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Aspergillus, and Didymella). Moreover, the anticancer activity of extracts was assessed against human lung carcinoma (A549). Among eight potential extracts, only Penicillium sp. I3R2 was found to be a source of CPT, while the remaining seven extracts have not been discovered potential secondary compounds. Thus, other prominent endophytic fungi might be potential candidates of phytochemicals with anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Nhung Doan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Dung Le
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Anh Ho
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thuong Thi Ho
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thao Do
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Hoang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Mau Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Mai Bui
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Ha Chu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Tsipinana S, Husseiny S, Alayande KA, Raslan M, Amoo S, Adeleke R. Contribution of endophytes towards improving plant bioactive metabolites: a rescue option against red-taping of medicinal plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1248319. [PMID: 37771494 PMCID: PMC10522919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1248319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants remain a valuable source for natural drug bioprospecting owing to their multi-target spectrum. However, their use as raw materials for novel drug synthesis has been greatly limited by unsustainable harvesting leading to decimation of their wild populations coupled with inherent low concentrations of constituent secondary metabolites per unit mass. Thus, adding value to the medicinal plants research dynamics calls for adequate attention. In light of this, medicinal plants harbour endophytes which are believed to be contributing towards the host plant survival and bioactive metabolites through series of physiological interference. Stimulating secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants by using endophytes as plant growth regulators has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective methods for increasing metabolite syntheses. Use of endophytes as plant growth promotors could help to ensure continuous supply of medicinal plants, and mitigate issues with fear of extinction. Endophytes minimize heavy metal toxicity in medicinal plants. It has been hypothesized that when medicinal plants are exposed to harsh conditions, associated endophytes are the primary signalling channels that induce defensive reactions. Endophytes go through different biochemical processes which lead to activation of defence mechanisms in the host plants. Thus, through signal transduction pathways, endophytic microorganisms influence genes involved in the generation of secondary metabolites by plant cells. Additionally, elucidating the role of gene clusters in production of secondary metabolites could expose factors associated with low secondary metabolites by medicinal plants. Promising endophyte strains can be manipulated for enhanced production of metabolites, hence, better probability of novel bioactive metabolites through strain improvement, mutagenesis, co-cultivation, and media adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinawo Tsipinana
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Samah Husseiny
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Kazeem A. Alayande
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mai Raslan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Stephen Amoo
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council – Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Roodeplaat, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Eldeghidy A, Abdel-Fattah G, El-Sayed ASA, Abdel-Fattah GG. Production, bioprocessing and antiproliferative activity of camptothecin from Aspergillus terreus, endophyte of Cinnamomum camphora: restoring their biosynthesis by indigenous microbiome of C. camphora. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:143. [PMID: 37533061 PMCID: PMC10399021 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal producing potency of camptothecin (CPT) raise the hope for their usage to be a platform for industrial production of CPT, nevertheless, attenuation of their productivity of CPT with the subculturing and preservation is the challenge. So, screening for novel endophytic fungal isolates with a reliable CPT-biosynthetic stability was the objective. Among the isolated endophytic fungi from the tested medicinal plants, Aspergillus terreus OQ642314.1, endophyte of Cinnamomum camphora, exhibits the highest yield of CPT (89.4 μg/l). From the NMR, FT-IR and LC-MS/MS analyses, the extracted CPT from A. terreus gave the same structure and molecular mass fragmentation pattern of authentic CPT (349 m/z). The putative CPT had a significant activity against MCF7 (0.27 µM) and HEPG-2 (0.8 µM), with a strong affinity to inhibits the human Topoisomerase 1 activity (IC50 0.362 μg/ml) as revealed from the Gel-based DNA relaxation assay. The purified CPT displayed a strong antimicrobial activity for various bacterial (E. coli and B. cereus) and fungal (A. flavus and A. parasiticus) isolates, ensuring the unique tertiary, and stereo-structure of A. terreus for penetrating the microbial cell walls and targeting the topoisomerase I. The higher dual activity of the purified CPT as antimicrobial and antitumor, emphasize their therapeutic efficiency, especially with growth of the opportunistic microorganisms due to the suppression of human immune system with the CPT uses in vivo. The putative CPT had an obvious activity against the tumor cell (MCF7) metastasis, and migration as revealed from the wound healing assay. The overall yield of A. terreus CPT was maximized with the Blackett-Burman design by twofolds increment (164.8 μg/l). The CPT yield by A. terreus was successively diminished with the multiple fungal subculturing, otherwise, the CPT productivity of A. terreus was restored, and increased over the zero culture upon coculturing with C. camphora microbiome (1.5% w/v), ensuring the restoring of CPT biosynthetic potency of A. terreus by the plant microbiome-derived chemical signals "microbial communication". This is the first report exploring the feasibility of A. terreus "endophyte of C. camphora" to be a preliminary platform for commercial production of CPT with a reliable sustainability upon uses of indigenous C. camphora microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Eldeghidy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abdel-Fattah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ghada G Abdel-Fattah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Zeng Z, Jin S, Xiang X, Yuan H, Jin Y, Shi Q, Zhang Y, Yang M, Zhang L, Huang R, Song C. Dynamical changes of tea metabolites fermented by Aspergillus cristatus, Aspergillus neoniger and mixed fungi: A temporal clustering strategy for untargeted metabolomics. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112992. [PMID: 37316065 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dark tea fermentation involves various fungi, but studies focusing on the mixed fermentation in tea remain limited. This study investigated the influences of single and mixed fermentation on the dynamical alterations of tea metabolites. The differential metabolites between unfermented and fermented teas were determined using untargeted metabolomics. Dynamical changes in metabolites were explored by temporal clustering analysis. Results indicated that Aspergillus cristatus (AC) at 15 days, Aspergillus neoniger (AN) at 15 days, and mixed fungi (MF) at 15 days had respectively 68, 128 and 135 differential metabolites, compared with unfermentation (UF) at 15 days. Most of metabolites in the AN or MF group showed a down-regulated trend in cluster 1 and 2, whereas most of metabolites in the AC group showed an up-regulated trend in cluster 3 to 6. The three key metabolic pathways mainly composed of flavonoids and lipids included flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis. Based on the dynamical changes and metabolic pathways of the differential metabolites, AN showed a predominant status in MF compared with AC. Together, this study will advance the understanding of dynamic changes in tea fermentation and provide valuable insights into the processing and quality control of dark tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuna Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingliang Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, 570228 Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuehui Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qingxin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rongzeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Chengwu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, 430065 Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Hazarika S, Borah P, Deb PK, Venugopala KN, Hemalatha S. Icacinaceae Plant Family: A Recapitulation of the Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Biotechnological Aspects. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:1193-1217. [PMID: 37132105 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230502164605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Icacinaceae, an Angiospermic family comprising 35 genera and 212 accepted species, including trees, shrubs, and lianas with pantropical distribution, is one of the most outshining yet least explored plant families, which despite its vital role as a source of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals has received a meagre amount of attraction from the scientific community. Interestingly, Icacinaceae is considered a potential alternative resource for camptothecin and its derivatives, which are used in treating ovarian and metastatic colorectal cancer. However, the concept of this family has been revised many times, but further recognition is still needed. The prime objective of this review is to compile the available information on this family in order to popularize it in the scientific community and the general population and promote extensive exploration of these taxa. The phytochemical preparations or isolated compounds from the Icacinaceae family have been centrally amalgamated to draw diverse future prospects from this inclusive plant species. The ethnopharmacological activities and the associated endophytes and cell culture techniques are also depicted. Nevertheless, the methodical evaluation of the Icacinaceae family is the only means to preserve and corroborate the folkloristic remedial effects and provide scientific recognition of its potencies before they are lost under the blanket of modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Hazarika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pobitra Borah
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, PO Box 1, Amman, 19392, Jordan
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Siva Hemalatha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Toppo P, Kagatay LL, Gurung A, Singla P, Chakraborty R, Roy S, Mathur P. Endophytic fungi mediates production of bioactive secondary metabolites via modulation of genes involved in key metabolic pathways and their contribution in different biotechnological sector. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:191. [PMID: 37197561 PMCID: PMC10183385 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi stimulate the production of an enormous number of bioactive metabolites in medicinal plants and affect the different steps of biosynthetic pathways of these secondary metabolites. Endophytic fungi possess a number of biosynthetic gene clusters that possess genes for various enzymes, transcription factors, etc., in their genome responsible for the production of secondary metabolites. Additionally, endophytic fungi also modulate the expression of various genes responsible for the synthesis of key enzymes involved in metabolic pathways of such as HMGR, DXR, etc. involved in the production of a large number of phenolic compounds as well as regulate the expression of genes involved in the production of alkaloids and terpenoids in different plants. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of gene expression related to endophytes and their impact on metabolic pathways. Additionally, this review will emphasize the studies done to isolate these secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi in large quantities and assess their bioactivity. Due to ease in synthesis of secondary metabolites and their huge application in the medical industry, these bioactive metabolites are now being extracted from strains of these endophytic fungi commercially. Apart from their application in the pharmaceutical industry, most of these metabolites extracted from endophytic fungi also possess plant growth-promoting ability, bioremediation potential, novel bio control agents, sources of anti-oxidants, etc. The review will comprehensively shed a light on the biotechnological application of these fungal metabolites at the industrial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Toppo
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Lahasang Lamu Kagatay
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Ankita Gurung
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Priyanka Singla
- Department of Botany, Mount Carmel College, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Government College, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
| | - Piyush Mathur
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Rajarammohunpur, Dist. Darjeeling, Siliguri, West Bengal India
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Mohamed NZ, Shaban L, Safan S, El-Sayed ASA. Physiological and metabolic traits of Taxol biosynthesis of endophytic fungi inhabiting plants: Plant-microbial crosstalk, and epigenetic regulators. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127385. [PMID: 37141853 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Attenuating the Taxol productivity of fungi with the subculturing and storage under axenic conditions is the challenge that halts the feasibility of fungi to be an industrial platform for Taxol production. This successive weakening of Taxol productivity by fungi could be attributed to the epigenetic down-regulation and molecular silencing of most of the gene clusters encoding Taxol biosynthetic enzymes. Thus, exploring the epigenetic regulating mechanisms controlling the molecular machinery of Taxol biosynthesis could be an alternative prospective technology to conquer the lower accessibility of Taxol by the potent fungi. The current review focuses on discussing the different molecular approaches, epigenetic regulators, transcriptional factors, metabolic manipulators, microbial communications and microbial cross-talking approaches on restoring and enhancing the Taxol biosynthetic potency of fungi to be industrial platform for Taxol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Z Mohamed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Lamis Shaban
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Samia Safan
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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The Potential Use of Fungal Co-Culture Strategy for Discovery of New Secondary Metabolites. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020464. [PMID: 36838429 PMCID: PMC9965835 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are an important and prolific source of secondary metabolites (SMs) with diverse chemical structures and a wide array of biological properties. In the past two decades, however, the number of new fungal SMs by traditional monoculture method had been greatly decreasing. Fortunately, a growing number of studies have shown that co-culture strategy is an effective approach to awakening silent SM biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in fungal strains to produce cryptic SMs. To enrich our knowledge of this approach and better exploit fungal biosynthetic potential for new drug discovery, this review comprehensively summarizes all fungal co-culture methods and their derived new SMs as well as bioactivities on the basis of an extensive literature search and data analysis. Future perspective on fungal co-culture study, as well as its interaction mechanism, is supplied.
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El-Sayed ASA, George NM, Abou-Elnour A, El-Mekkawy RM, El-Demerdash MM. Production and bioprocessing of camptothecin from Aspergillus terreus, an endophyte of Cestrum parqui, restoring their biosynthetic potency by Citrus limonum peel extracts. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:4. [PMID: 36609265 PMCID: PMC9824926 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic potency of fungi as camptothecin producer elevates their prospective use as an industrial platform for commercial production, however, the loss of camptothecin productivity by fungi with the storage and subculturing are the major obstacle. Thus, screening for endophytic fungal isolates inhabiting ethnopharmacological plants with an obvious metabolic stability and sustainability for camptothecin biosynthesis could be one of the most feasible paradigms. Aspergillus terreus ON908494.1, an endophyte of Cestrum parqui was morphologically and molecularly verified, displaying the most potent camptothecin biosynthetic potency. The chemical identity of A. terreus camptothecin was confirmed from the HPLC, FTIR and LC-MS/MS analyses, gave the same molecular structure and mass fragmentation patterns of authentic one. The purified putative camptothecin displayed a strong anticancer activity towards HepG-2 and MCF-7 with IC50 values 0.96 and 1.4 µM, respectively, with no toxicity to OEC normal cells. As well as, the purified camptothecin displayed a significant antifungal activity towards fungal human pathogen Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and A. parasiticus, ensuring the unique structural activity relationships of A. terreus camptothecin, as a powerful dually active anticancer and antimicrobial agent. The camptothecin productivity of A. terreus was maximized by bioprocessing with Plackett-Burman design, with an overall 1.5 folds increment (170.5 µg/L), comparing to control culture. So, the optimal medium components for maximum yield of camptothecin by A. terreus was acid why (2.0 mL/L), Diaion HP20 (2.0 g/L), Amberlite XAD (2.0 g/L), dextrin (5.0 g/L), glucose (10.0 g/L), salicylic acid (2.0 g/L), serine (4.0 g/L), cysteine (4.0 g/L) and glutamate (10.0 g/L), at pH 6 for 15 days incubation. By the 5th generation of A. terreus, the camptothecin yield was reduced by 60%, comparing to zero culture. Interestingly, the productivity of camptothecin by A. terreus has been completely restored and over increased (210 µg/L), comparing to the 3rd generation A. terreus (90 µg/L) upon addition of methanolic extracts of Citrus limonum peels, revealing the presence of some chemical signals that triggers the camptothecin biosynthetic machinery. The feasibility of complete restoring of camptothecin biosynthetic-machinery of A. terreus for stable and sustainable production of camptothecin, pave the way for using this fungal isolate as new platform for scaling-up the camptothecin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nelly M. George
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira Abou-Elnour
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. El-Mekkawy
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. El-Demerdash
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Microbial endophytes: application towards sustainable agriculture and food security. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5359-5384. [PMID: 35902410 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial endophytes are ubiquitous and exist in each recognised plant species reported till date. Within the host plant, the entire community of microbes lives non-invasively within the active internal tissues without causing any harm to the plant. Endophytes interact with their host plant via metabolic communication enables them to generate signal molecules. In addition, the host plant's genetic recombination with endophytes helps them to imitate the host's physicochemical functions and develop identical active molecules. Therefore, when cultured separately, they begin producing the host plant phytochemicals. The fungal species Penicillium chrysogenum has portrayed the glory days of antibiotics with the invention of the antibiotic penicillin. Therefore, fungi have substantially supported social health by developing many bioactive molecules utilised as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory and anticancerous agents. But plant-related microbes have emanated as fountainheads of biologically functional compounds with higher levels of medicinal perspective in recent years. Researchers have been motivated by the endless need for potent drugs to investigate alternate ways to find new endophytes and bioactive molecules, which tend to be a probable aim for drug discovery. The current research trends with these promising endophytic organisms are reviewed in this review paper. KEY POINTS: • Identified 54 important bioactive compounds as agricultural relevance • Role of genome mining of endophytes and "Multi-Omics" tools in sustainable agriculture • A thorough description and graphical presentation of agricultural significance of plant endophytes.
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Hao H, Chen S, Wu Z, Su P, Ke C, Feng D. The degradation and environmental risk of camptothecin, a promising marine antifoulant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153384. [PMID: 35085640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Given the adverse environmental impacts of the antifoulants currently used in marine antifouling paints, such as copper and booster biocides, it is urgent to identify potential substitutes that are environmentally benign. Here, we examined the degradation of camptothecin (a natural product previously identified as an efficient antifoulant in the laboratory and in the field) under various conditions and evaluated the environmental risks associated with its use as a marine antifoulant. We found that camptothecin was rapidly photolyzed in seawater: the half-life of camptothecin was less than 1 d under a light intensity of 1000-20,000 lx and was approximately 0.17 d under sunlight irradiation. At pH 4 and pH 7, camptothecin had half-lives of 30.13 and 16.90 d, respectively; at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C, the half-lives of camptothecin were 23.90, 21.66, and 26.65 d, respectively. Camptothecin biodegradation in seawater was negligible. The predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) of camptothecin was 2.19 × 10-1 μg L-1, while the average predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in open seas, shipping lanes, commercial harbors, and marinas were 6.14 × 10-7, 9.39 × 10-7, 6.80 × 10-3, and 5.03 × 10-2 μg L-1, respectively. The PEC/PNEC ratio of camptothecin was much lower than 1 (i.e., 2.80 × 10-6, 4.29 × 10-6, 3.11 × 10-2, and 2.30 × 10-1 for open seas, shipping lanes, commercial harbors, and marinas, respectively), indicating that the use of camptothecin as a marine antifoulant posed little environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Hao
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Pei Su
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Danqing Feng
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Production, Bioprocessing and Anti-Proliferative Activity of Camptothecin from Penicillium chrysogenum, "An Endozoic of Marine Sponge, Cliona sp.", as a Metabolically Stable Camptothecin Producing Isolate. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27093033. [PMID: 35566384 PMCID: PMC9104752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the metabolic potency of fungi as camptothecin producers raises the hope of their usage as an industrial source of camptothecin, due to their short-life span and the feasibility of metabolic engineering. However, the tiny yield and loss of camptothecin productivity of fungi during storage and sub-culturing are challenges that counteract this approach. Marine fungi could be a novel source for camptothecin production, with higher yield and reliable metabolic sustainability. The marine fungal isolate Penicillium chrysogenum EFBL # OL597937.1 derived from the sponge "Cliona sp." has been morphologically identified and molecularly confirmed, based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer sequence, exhibiting the highest yield of camptothecin (110 μg/L). The molecular structure and chemical identity of P. chrysogenum derived camptothecin has been resolved by HPLC, FTIR and LC-MS/MS analyses, giving the same spectroscopic profiles and mass fragmentation patterns as authentic camptothecin. The extracted camptothecin displayed a strong anti-proliferative activity towards HEP-2 and HCT-116 (IC50 values 0.33-0.35 µM). The yield of camptothecin was maximized by nutritional optimization of P. chrysogenum with a Plackett-Burman design, and the productivity of camptothecin increased by 1.8 fold (200 µg/L), compared to control fungal cultures. Upon storage at 4 °C as slope culture for 8 months, the productivity of camptothecin for P. chrysogenum was reduced by 40% compared to the initial culture. Visual fading of the mycelial pigmentation of P. chrysogenum was observed during fungal storage, matched with loss of camptothecin productivity. Methylene chloride extracts of Cliona sp. had the potency to completely restore the camptothecin productivity of P. chrysogenum, ensuring the partial dependence of the expression of the camptothecin biosynthetic machinery of P. chrysogenum on the chemical signals derived from the sponge, or the associated microbial flora. This is the first report describing the feasibility of P. chrysogenum, endozoic of Cliona sp., for camptothecin production, along with reliable metabolic biosynthetic stability, which could be a new platform for scaling-up camptothecin production.
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Rai N, Gupta P, Keshri PK, Verma A, Mishra P, Kumar D, Kumar A, Singh SK, Gautam V. Fungal Endophytes: an Accessible Source of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Anticancer Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3296-3319. [PMID: 35349089 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes either be bacteria, fungi, or actinomycetes colonize inside the tissue of host plants without showing any immediate negative effects on them. Among numerous natural alternative sources, fungal endophytes produce a wide range of structurally diverse bioactive metabolites including anticancer compounds. Considering the production of bioactive compounds in low quantity, genetic and physicochemical modification of the fungal endophytes is performed for the enhanced production of bioactive compounds. Presently, for the treatment of cancer, chemotherapy is majorly used, but the side effects of chemotherapy are of prime concern in clinical practices. Also, the drug-resistant properties of carcinoma cells, lack of cancer cells-specific medicine, and the side effects of drugs are the biggest obstacles in cancer treatment. The interminable requirement of potential drugs has encouraged researchers to seek alternatives to find novel bioactive compounds, and fungal endophytes seem to be a probable target for the discovery of anticancer drugs. The present review focuses a comprehensive literature on the major fungal endophyte-derived bioactive compounds which are presently been used for the management of cancer, biotic factors influencing the production of bioactive compounds and about the challenges in the field of fungal endophyte research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Keshri
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Mishra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Kemihuset (K), Umeå Universitet, Umeå Campus, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, 221005, Varanasi, India.
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Bioprocesses optimization and anticancer activity of camptothecin from Aspergillus flavus, an endophyte of in vitro cultured Astragalus fruticosus. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4349-4364. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Falade AO, Adewole KE, Ishola AA, Gyebi GA, Olajide NR. Computational studies on the cholinesterase, beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activities of endophytes-derived compounds: towards discovery of novel neurotherapeutics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2540-2554. [PMID: 35118932 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2035255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterases, beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) are significant in the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of these enzymes is therefore a major strategy for the development of neurotherapeutics. Even though, this strategy has birthed some approved synthetic drugs, they are characterized by adverse effects. It is therefore, imperative to explore promising alternatives. Consequently, we assessed the inhibitory activities of some endophytes-derived compounds against selected targets towards discovery of novel neurotherapeutics. Standard inhibitors and 83 endophytes-derived compounds were docked against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), BACE 1 and MAO using AutodockVina while the molecular interactions between the selected targets and the compounds with notable binding affinity were viewed through Discovery Studio Visualizer. Druglikeness and Absorption-Distribution-Metabolism-Excretion-Toxicity (ADMET) and blood brain barrier (BBB) properties of the top 4 compounds were evaluated using the Swiss online ADME web tool and OSIRIS server; ligands-enzymes complex stability was assessed through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. From the 83 compounds, asperflavin, ascomfurans C, camptothecine and corynesidone A exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity against all the four target enzymes compared to the respective standard inhibitors. However, only corynesidone A could transverse the BBB and predicted to be safe. MD simulation of the unbound and complexed enzymes with corynesidone A showed that the complexes were stable throughout the simulation time. Given the exceptional inhibitory activity of endophytes-derived corynesidone A against the four selected targets, its ability to permeate the BBB, excellent drugability properties as well as its stability when complexed with the enzymes, it is a good candidate for further studies towards development of new neurotherapeutics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Osmund Falade
- Biotechnology, Computational Biochemistry and Phytomedicine Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Kayode Ezekiel Adewole
- Biotechnology, Computational Biochemistry and Phytomedicine Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Gideon Ampoma Gyebi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa, Nigeria.,NpsBC-Cr: Natural products and structural (Bio-Chem)-informatics Computing Research Lab, Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa, Nigeria
| | - Nurudeen Rasaq Olajide
- Biotechnology, Computational Biochemistry and Phytomedicine Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria
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18
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Endophytic Fungi: Key Insights, Emerging Prospects, and Challenges in Natural Product Drug Discovery. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020360. [PMID: 35208814 PMCID: PMC8876476 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-associated endophytes define an important symbiotic association in nature and are established bio-reservoirs of plant-derived natural products. Endophytes colonize the internal tissues of a plant without causing any disease symptoms or apparent changes. Recently, there has been a growing interest in endophytes because of their beneficial effects on the production of novel metabolites of pharmacological significance. Studies have highlighted the socio-economic implications of endophytic fungi in agriculture, medicine, and the environment, with considerable success. Endophytic fungi-mediated biosynthesis of well-known metabolites includes taxol from Taxomyces andreanae, azadirachtin A and B from Eupenicillium parvum, vincristine from Fusarium oxysporum, and quinine from Phomopsis sp. The discovery of the billion-dollar anticancer drug taxol was a landmark in endophyte biology/research and established new paradigms for the metabolic potential of plant-associated endophytes. In addition, endophytic fungi have emerged as potential prolific producers of antimicrobials, antiseptics, and antibiotics of plant origin. Although extensively studied as a “production platform” of novel pharmacological metabolites, the molecular mechanisms of plant–endophyte dynamics remain less understood/explored for their efficient utilization in drug discovery. The emerging trends in endophytic fungi-mediated biosynthesis of novel bioactive metabolites, success stories of key pharmacological metabolites, strategies to overcome the existing challenges in endophyte biology, and future direction in endophytic fungi-based drug discovery forms the underlying theme of this article.
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Dhakshinamoorthy M, Ponnusamy SK, Nyayiru Kannaian UP, Srinivasan B, Shankar SN, Kilavan Packiam K. Plant-microbe interactions implicated in the production of camptothecin - An anticancer biometabolite from Phyllosticta elongata MH458897 a novel endophytic strain isolated from medicinal plant of Western Ghats of India. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111564. [PMID: 34228950 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic wild fungal strain Phyllosticta elongata MH458897 isolated from medicinal plant Cipadessa baccifera from the Western Ghats region of Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve Forest. This endophytic fungus has potential of effective anticancer drug Camptothecin (CPT). Endophytic fungi act as key symbionts in-between plants and ecosystem in the biosphere. This recently identified microbial population inside the plants produces many defence metabolites against plant pathogens. Among these defense metabolites, CPT gained much attention because of its effective anticancer activity. The maximum yield of CPT produced by optimizing the various factors like DEKM07 medium, pH 5.6, incubation time using Response Surface Methodology based on Central Composite Design. Extracted CPT is characterized using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Electrospray ionization-Mass spectrometry. The highest yield of CPT was 0.747 mg/L was produced at optimized factors of dextrose - 50 g L-1, peptone - 5.708 g L-1, magnesium sulphate - 0.593 g L-1, and incubation time - 14 days. In-vitro MTT assay revealed the CPT derivatives were cytotoxic to A-549 cancer cell line (IC50 58.28 μg/ml) as nearly compared to the (IC50 51.08 μg/ml) standard CPT. CPT producing strain P. elongata from C. baccifera has the potential of CPT biosynthesis, and could be an effective anticancer bio metabolite. This compound has been described in the literature to be an effective anticancer metabolite. Our findings support the novel lifesaving anticancer drug from endophytic fungus in forest ecosystem concludes effective utilization of key symbionts will safeguard the humans and forest ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhankumar Dhakshinamoorthy
- Endophytic Fungal Metabolite Research Laboratory, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Senthil Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603 110, India.
| | | | | | - Sripriya Nannu Shankar
- Marina Labs Research and Development, NT Patel Road, Nerkundram, Chennai, TamilNadu, India.
| | - Kannan Kilavan Packiam
- Endophytic Fungal Metabolite Research Laboratory, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Raihan T, Rabbee MF, Roy P, Choudhury S, Baek KH, Azad AK. Microbial Metabolites: The Emerging Hotspot of Antiviral Compounds as Potential Candidates to Avert Viral Pandemic Alike COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:732256. [PMID: 34557521 PMCID: PMC8452873 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.732256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present global COVID-19 pandemic caused by the noble pleomorphic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a vulnerable situation in the global healthcare and economy. In this pandemic situation, researchers all around the world are trying their level best to find suitable therapeutics from various sources to combat against the SARS-CoV-2. To date, numerous bioactive compounds from different sources have been tested to control many viral diseases. However, microbial metabolites are advantageous for drug development over metabolites from other sources. We herein retrieved and reviewed literatures from PubMed, Scopus and Google relevant to antiviral microbial metabolites by searching with the keywords "antiviral microbial metabolites," "microbial metabolite against virus," "microorganism with antiviral activity," "antiviral medicine from microbial metabolite," "antiviral bacterial metabolites," "antiviral fungal metabolites," "antiviral metabolites from microscopic algae' and so on. For the same purpose, the keywords "microbial metabolites against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2" and "plant metabolites against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2" were used. Only the full text literatures available in English and pertinent to the topic have been included and those which are not available as full text in English and pertinent to antiviral or anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity were excluded. In this review, we have accumulated microbial metabolites that can be used as antiviral agents against a broad range of viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Based on this concept, we have included 330 antiviral microbial metabolites so far available to date in the data bases and were previously isolated from fungi, bacteria and microalgae. The microbial source, chemical nature, targeted viruses, mechanism of actions and IC50/EC50 values of these metabolites are discussed although mechanisms of actions of many of them are not yet elucidated. Among these antiviral microbial metabolites, some compounds might be very potential against many other viruses including coronaviruses. However, these potential microbial metabolites need further research to be developed as effective antiviral drugs. This paper may provide the scientific community with the possible secret of microbial metabolites that could be an effective source of novel antiviral drugs to fight against many viruses including SARS-CoV-2 as well as the future viral pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Topu Raihan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Puja Roy
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Swapnila Choudhury
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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21
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El-Sayed AS, Khalaf SA, Azez HA, Hussein HA, EL-Moslamy SH, Sitohy B, El-Baz AF. Production, bioprocess optimization and anticancer activity of Camptothecin from Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus flavus, endophytes of Ficus elastica. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dhakshinamoorthy M, Kilavan Packiam K, Kumar PS, Saravanakumar T. Endophytic fungus Diaporthe caatingaensis MT192326 from Buchanania axillaris: An indicator to produce biocontrol agents in plant protection. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111147. [PMID: 33844965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The study aims at the Isolation, screening and antibacterial evaluation of Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives, an anticancer molecule from endophytic fungus Diaporthe caatingaensis MT192326 of the medicinal plant, Buchanania axillaris. Plant parts were collected from Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve forest, Tamil Nadu. The fungus was isolated using DEKM07 medium was used as the screening medium for the presence of CPT. The strain with the highest yield of CPT was identified at the molecular level by 18S rDNA sequencing. CPT was isolated and analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Thin layer chromatography, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, and Electron spray ionization-mass spectrometry. The compounds identified by ESI-MS from the fungal extract were studied for their antibacterial assays against procured MTCC bacterial pathogens. The maximum yield of 0.681 mg/L of CPT was produced by the fungus D.caatingaensis. CPT derivatives were identified at m/z of 305, 348 and 389 through ESI-MS analysis. Antibacterial studies revealed that the endophytic fungal extract compounds were studied for antibacterial activities of disc diffusion assay, exhibiting a growth inhibition range of 15-22 mm in nutrient agar plate medium. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration revealed the antibacterial potential at a lower concentration of 12.5-25 μg/ml with all bacteria studied. The relatively lower antimicrobial efficacy of partially purified bio-metabolites than the positive control streptomycin (3.125) concentration could be due to the presence of derivatives of the compounds that hinder the activity of the biometabolite. This is the first initiative to screen, isolate and analyze the antibacterial assays of CPT and derivatives from endophytic fungus D.caatingaensis of ethnopharmacologically important B.axillaris plant from STRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhankumar Dhakshinamoorthy
- Endophytic Fungal Metabolite Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannan Kilavan Packiam
- Endophytic Fungal Metabolite Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - Tamilselvi Saravanakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode District, Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Daley SK, Cordell GA. Biologically Significant and Recently Isolated Alkaloids from Endophytic Fungi. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:871-897. [PMID: 33534564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A selection of the established and recently characterized alkaloids from the exploration of plant- and some marine-associated endophytic fungi is reviewed, with reference to alkaloids of biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey A Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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24
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Ruan Q, Patel G, Wang J, Luo E, Zhou W, Sieniawska E, Hao X, Kai G. Current advances of endophytes as a platform for production of anti-cancer drug camptothecin. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112113. [PMID: 33722602 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT), a well-known monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity, is produced from plants and endophytes. In view of the limitations of plants as sources of camptothecin in productivity and efficiency, endophytes serve as the fast growth, high cost-effectiveness, good reproducibility, and feasible genetic manipulation, so they have the potential to meet the huge market demand of the pharmaceutical industry. In this review, we summarized the isolation, identification and fermentation of CPT-producing endophytes, as well as the biosynthesis, extraction and detection of camptothecin from endophytes. Among them, we put emphasis on increasing the production of camptothecin in endophytes through different strategies such as changing the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate source, adding the precursors, elicitors or adsorbent resin, utilizing co-culture fermentation or fermenter culture. However, cell subculture and metabolic reprogramming affect the expression of camptothecin biosynthetic genes in CPT-producing endophytes, which poses a challenge to the industrial production of camptothecin. Therefore, it will be useful to gain insights through the review of these researches and provide alternative approaches to develop economical, eco-friendly and reliable natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Ruan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Gopal Patel
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Enhui Luo
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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25
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Singh A, Singh DK, Kharwar RN, White JF, Gond SK. Fungal Endophytes as Efficient Sources of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Their Prospective Applications in Natural Product Drug Discovery: Insights, Avenues, and Challenges. Microorganisms 2021; 9:197. [PMID: 33477910 PMCID: PMC7833388 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are well-established sources of biologically active natural compounds with many producing pharmacologically valuable specific plant-derived products. This review details typical plant-derived medicinal compounds of several classes, including alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, lignans, phenylpropanoids, quinones, saponins, terpenoids, and xanthones that are produced by endophytic fungi. This review covers the studies carried out since the first report of taxol biosynthesis by endophytic Taxomyces andreanae in 1993 up to mid-2020. The article also highlights the prospects of endophyte-dependent biosynthesis of such plant-derived pharmacologically active compounds and the bottlenecks in the commercialization of this novel approach in the area of drug discovery. After recent updates in the field of 'omics' and 'one strain many compounds' (OSMAC) approach, fungal endophytes have emerged as strong unconventional source of such prized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dheeraj K. Singh
- Department of Botany, Harish Chandra Post Graduate College, Varanasi 221001, India
| | - Ravindra N. Kharwar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - James F. White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Surendra K. Gond
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
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26
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Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Plant Endophytes and Epiphytes: Burgeoning Sources of Known and "Unknown" Cytotoxic and Antibiotic Agents? PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:891-905. [PMID: 32023633 DOI: 10.1055/a-1095-1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last 20 or so years, the influence of endophytes and, quite recently, epiphytes of plants upon the compounds found in those plants, which were usually assumed to be phytochemicals produced by the plant for a variety of reasons, often as a defense against predators, is becoming more evident, in particular in the case of antitumor agents originally isolated from plant sources, though antibiotic agents might also be found, particularly from epiphytes. In this review, we started with the first report in 1993 of a taxol-producing endophyte and then expanded the compounds discussed to include camptothecin, the vinca alkaloids, podophyllotoxin, and homoharringtonine from endophytic microbes and then the realization that maytansine is not a plant secondary metabolite at all, and that even such a well-studied plant such as Arabidopsis thaliana has a vast repertoire of potential bioactive agents in its leaf epiphytic bacteria. We have taken data from a variety of sources, including a reasonable history of these discoveries that were not given in recent papers by us, nor in other papers covering this topic. The sources included the Scopus database, but we also performed other searches using bibliographic tools, thus, the majority of the papers referenced are the originals, though we note some very recent papers that have built on previous results. We concluded with a discussion of the more modern techniques that can be utilized to "persuade" endophytes and epiphytes to switch on silent biosynthetic pathways and how current analytical techniques may aid in evaluating such programs. We also comment at times on some findings, particularly in the case of homoharringtonine, where there are repetitious data reports differing by a few years claiming the same endophyte as the producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Newman
- NIH Special Volunteer, NCI Natural Products Branch, Wayne, PA, USA
| | - Gordon M Cragg
- NIH Special Volunteer, NCI Natural Products Branch, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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27
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Morales-Sánchez V, Fe Andrés M, Díaz CE, González-Coloma A. Factors Affecting the Metabolite Productions in Endophytes: Biotechnological Approaches for Production of Metabolites. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:1855-1873. [PMID: 31241432 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190626154421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since 1980, many species and different strains from endophytic genera of Phomopsis, Fusarium, Pestaliopsis and Aspergillus have been studied because of their ability to produce medicinal compounds found in their host plants. Some of these medicinal agents such as Taxol, Brefeldine A, Camptothecin and Podophyllotoxin are being produced in large-scale after an optimization process. However, the potential of fungal endophytes to produce host-like medicinal compounds remains largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Fe Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115-dpdo, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Carmen Elisa Díaz
- Instituto de Productos naturales y Agrobiologia, CSIC. Avda. Astrofísico F. Sanchez, 3. 38206 La Laguna, Tenertife, Spain
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28
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Newman DJ. The impact of decreasing biodiversity on novel drug discovery: is there a serious cause for concern? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:521-525. [PMID: 30902034 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1593370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this perspective is to discuss the current and potential situation concerning the loss of biodiversity and its current and potential effects upon the search for novel bioactive agents from natural sources, be they from marine, microbial or terrestrial environments. Areas covered: Herein, the author covers terrestrial plants, marine organisms (but not vertebrates), and unicellular microbes from both terrestrial and marine sources. The emphasis is on the unknown effects of biodiversity perturbation and/or loss of microbes that are now realized to underlie the production of a significant number of natural products, whether they were first found in plants or marine invertebrates. Expert opinion: From the discussion of the areas above comes the realization that we do not know what we still have. Furthermore, we cannot measure, other than in very gross terms, what we have lost. Thus, deciding how, and where geographically, one should now search for novel bioactive agents is a major and continuing problem.
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29
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Zhou S, Qiao L, Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Xiaoya Ma, Wen T, Kang J. Two new endophytic Colletotrichum species from Nothapodytespittosporoides in China. MycoKeys 2019; 49:1-14. [PMID: 30914842 PMCID: PMC6422929 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.49.31904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new endophytic species, Colletotrichumjishouense sp. nov. and. C.tongrenense sp. nov. were isolated from Nothapodytespittosporoides in Guizhou and Hunan provinces, China. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of these new taxa are provided and morphological comparisons with similar taxa are explored. Phylogenetic analysis with combined sequence data (ITS, GAPDH, ACT and TUB2) demonstrated that both species formed distinct clades in this genus. This is the first record of Colletotrichum species from N.pittosporoides in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou province 550006, ChinaGuizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyangChina
| | - Lijun Qiao
- Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | - Tingchi Wen
- Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Jichuan Kang
- Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest, Ministry of Education/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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30
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Zhang J, Zang S, Bai B, Fan S. Isolation and screening for limonin‐producing endophytic bacteria from
Citrus maxima
(Burm.) Merr. cv. Shatian Yu. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:192-201. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan China
| | - Sanli Zang
- College of Life ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan China
| | - Baoqing Bai
- College of Life ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan China
| | - Sanhong Fan
- College of Life ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan China
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31
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Diversity, Ecology, and Significance of Fungal Endophytes. REFERENCE SERIES IN PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90484-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Feng DQ, He J, Chen SY, Su P, Ke CH, Wang W. The Plant Alkaloid Camptothecin as a Novel Antifouling Compound for Marine Paints: Laboratory Bioassays and Field Trials. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:623-638. [PMID: 29860659 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of copper and booster biocides in antifouling (AF) paints has raised environmental concerns and the need to develop new AF agents. In the present study, 18 alkaloids derived from terrestrial plants were initially evaluated for AF activity using laboratory bioassays with the bryozoan Bugula neritina and the barnacle Balanus albicostatus. The results showed that 4 of the 18 alkaloids were effective in inhibiting larval settlement of B. neritina, with an EC50 range of 6.18 to 43.11 μM, and 15 of the 18 alkaloids inhibited larval settlement of B. albicostatus, with EC50 values ranging from 1.18 to 67.58 μM. Field trials that incorporated five alkaloids respectively into paints with 20% w/w indicated an in situ AF efficiency of evodiamine, strychnine, camptothecin (CPT), and cepharanthine, with the most potent compound being CPT, which also exhibited stronger AF efficiency than the commercial antifoulants cuprous oxide and zinc pyrithione in the field over a period of 12 months. Further field trials with different CPT concentrations (0.1 to 20% w/w) in the paints suggested a concentration-dependent AF performance in the natural environment, and the effective concentrations to significantly inhibit settlement of biofoulers in the field were ≥ 0.5% w/w (the efficiency of 0.5% w/w lasted for 2 months). Moreover, CPT toxicity against the crustacean Artemia salina, the planktonic microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Isochrysis galbana, was examined. The results showed that 24 h LC50 of CPT against A. salina was 20.75 μM, and 96 h EC50 (growth inhibition) values of CPT to P. tricornutum and I. galbana were 55.81 and 6.29 μM, respectively, indicating that CPT was comparatively less toxic than several commercial antifoulants previously reported. Our results suggest the novel potential application of CPT as an antifoulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qing Feng
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian He
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Yu Chen
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Su
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Huan Ke
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, People's Republic of China
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33
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Are Microbial Endophytes the ‘Actual’ Producers of Bioactive Antitumor Agents? Trends Cancer 2018; 4:662-670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Production of bioproducts by endophytic fungi: chemical ecology, biotechnological applications, bottlenecks, and solutions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6279-6298. [PMID: 29808328 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms that colonize the interior of host plants without causing apparent disease. They have been widely studied for their ability to modulate relationships between plants and biotic/abiotic stresses, often producing valuable secondary metabolites that can affect host physiology. Owing to the advantages of microbial fermentation over plant/cell cultivation and chemical synthesis, endophytic fungi have received significant attention as a mean for secondary metabolite production. This article summarizes currently reported results on plant-endophyte interaction hypotheses and highlights the biotechnological applications of endophytic fungi and their metabolites in agriculture, environment, biomedicine, energy, and biocatalysts. Current bottlenecks in industrial development and commercial applications as well as possible solutions are also discussed.
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35
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Mishra VK, Passari AK, Chandra P, Leo VV, Kumar B, Uthandi S, Thankappan S, Gupta VK, Singh BP. Determination and production of antimicrobial compounds by Aspergillus clavatonanicus strain MJ31, an endophytic fungus from Mirabilis jalapa L. using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and TD-GC-MS analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186234. [PMID: 29049321 PMCID: PMC5648158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants are reported as potent
producers of diverse classes of secondary metabolites. In the present study, an
endophytic fungi, Aspergillus clavatonanicus strain MJ31,
exhibiting significant antimicrobial activity was isolated from roots of
Mirabilis jalapa L., was identified by sequencing three
nuclear genes i.e. internal transcribed spacers ribosomal RNA (ITS rRNA), 28S
ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) and translation elongation factor 1- alpha (EF 1α).
Ethyl acetate extract of strain MJ31displayed significant antimicrobial
potential against Bacillus subtilis, followed by
Micrococccus luteus and Staphylococcus
aureus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.078, 0.156
and 0.312 mg/ml respectively. In addition, the strain was evaluated for its
ability to synthesize bioactive compounds by the amplification of polyketide
synthase (PKS) and non ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes. Further, seven
antibiotics (miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, ampicillin, streptomycin,
chloramphenicol, and rifampicin) were detected and quantified using
UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Additionally, thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass
spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) analysis of strain MJ31 showed the presence of 28
volatile compounds. This is the first report on A.
clavatonanicus as an endophyte obtained from
M. jalapa. We conclude that
A. clavatonanicus strain MJ31 has prolific
antimicrobial potential against both plant and human pathogens and can be
exploited for the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds and could be an
alternate source for the production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Mishra
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Passari
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
| | - Preeti Chandra
- SAIF, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow,
India
| | - Vincent Vineeth Leo
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- SAIF, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow,
India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sugitha Thankappan
- Biocatalysts Lab, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu
Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn
University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
- Molecular Glyco-biotechnology Group, Department of Chemistry, National
University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bhim Pratap Singh
- Molecular Microbiology and Systematics Laboratory, Department of
Biotechnology, Aizawl, Mizoram University, Mizoram, India
- * E-mail:
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Ran X, Zhang G, Li S, Wang J. Characterization and antitumor activity of camptothecin from endophytic fungus Fusarium solani isolated from Camptotheca acuminate. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:566-574. [PMID: 29062355 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camptothecin (CPT) is a potent drug against cancers, originally from plants. The endophytic fungi could produce the secondary metabolite same as the host and is used as medicine. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper was to investigate an endophytic fungal CPT with anti-neoplastic activity. METHODS Endophytic fungi were isolated from Camptotheca acuminata in China. CPT from strain S-019 was characterized by TLC, HPLC and EI-MS analysis. Anti-tumor activity of fungal CPT was detected by MTT and fluorescent dye methods using Vero and PC-3 cells. RESULTS A total of 94 endophytic fungi strains were isolated from tissues of C. acuminata and 16 fungi strains displayed cytotoxic activity on Vero or PC3 cells. Of which, the fungal strain S-019, classified as Fusarium solani, displayed impressive cytotoxic activity on cancer cells and was found to produce CPT by analysis of TLC, HPLC and EI-MS methods. Bioassay studies confirmed that the fungi CPT had potent cytotoxicity on Vero cells and induced apoptosis of Vero cells. CONCLUSION The endophytic fungi from camptotheca trees are a reliable source for natural anticancer compounds. The endophytic fungi could produce CPT same as plant. The fungal CPT exhibited effective activity at inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis on Vero cells.
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37
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Enhanced production of camptothecin and biological preparation of N
1-acetylkynuramine in Camptotheca acuminata cell suspension cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:4053-4062. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Tanvir R, Javeed A, Bajwa AG. Endophyte bioprospecting in South Asian medicinal plants: an attractive resource for biopharmaceuticals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:1831-1844. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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