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Graça D, Arias-Real R, Fernandes I, Cássio F, Pascoal C. Fungal identity mediates the impacts of multiple stressors on freshwater ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173466. [PMID: 38788941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Predicting how multiple anthropogenic stressors affect natural ecosystems is a major challenge in ecology. Freshwater ecosystems are threatened worldwide by multiple co-occurring stressors, which can affect aquatic biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and human wellbeing. In stream ecosystems, aquatic fungi play a crucial role in global biogeochemical cycles and food web dynamics, therefore, assessing the functional consequences of fungal biodiversity loss under multiple stressors is crucial. Here, a microcosm approach was used to investigate the effects of multiple stressors (increased temperature and nutrients, drying, and biodiversity loss) on three ecosystem processes: organic matter decomposition, fungal reproduction, and fungal biomass accrual. Net effects of stressors were antagonistic for organic matter decomposition, but additive for fungal reproduction and biomass accrual. Net effects of biodiversity were mainly positive for all processes, even under stress, demonstrating that diversity assures the maintenance of ecosystem processes. Fungal species displayed distinct contributions to each ecosystem process. Furthermore, species with negligible contributions under control conditions changed their role under stress, either enhancing or impairing the communities' performance, emphasizing the importance of fungal species identity. Our study highlights that distinct fungal species have different sensitivities to environmental variability and have different influence on the overall performance of the community. Therefore, preserving high fungal diversity is crucial to maintain fungal species with key ecosystem functions within aquatic communities in face of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Graça
- CBMA, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Rebeca Arias-Real
- CBMA, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabel Fernandes
- CBMA, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda Cássio
- CBMA, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- CBMA, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IB-S, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Gonçalves S, Pollitt A, Pietz S, Feckler A, Bundschuh M. Microbial community history and leaf species shape bottom-up effects in a freshwater shredding amphipod. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168926. [PMID: 38029985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Arable land use and the associated application of agrochemicals can affect local freshwater communities with consequences for the entire ecosystem. For instance, the structure and function of leaf-associated microbial communities can be affected by pesticides, such as fungicides. Additionally, the leaf species on which these microbial communities grow reflects another environmental filter for community structure. These factors and their interaction may jointly modify leaves' nutritional quality for higher trophic levels. To test this assumption, we studied the structure of leaf-associated microbial communities with distinct exposure histories (pristine [P] vs vineyard run off [V]) colonising two leaf species (black alder, European beech, and a mixture thereof). By offering these differently colonised leaves as food to males and females of the leaf-shredding amphipod Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea; Amphipoda) we assessed for potential bottom-up effects. The growth rate, feeding rate, faeces production and neutral lipid fatty acid profile of the amphipod served as response variable in a 2 × 3 × 2-factorial test design over 21d. A clear separation of community history (P vs V), leaf species and an interaction between the two factors was observed for the leaf-associated aquatic hyphomycete (i.e., fungal) community. Sensitive fungal species were reduced by up to 70 % in the V- compared to P-community. Gammarus' growth rate, feeding rate and faeces production were affected by the factor leaf species. Growth was negatively affected when Gammarus were fed with beech leaves only, whereas the impact of alder and the mixture of both leaf species was sex-specific. Overall, this study highlights that leaf species identity had a more substantial impact on gammarids relative to the microbial community itself. Furthermore, the sex-specificity of the observed effects (excluding fatty acid profile, which was only measured for male) questions the procedure of earlier studies, that is using either only one sex or not being able to differentiate between males and females. However, these results need additional verification to support a reliable extrapolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gonçalves
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany; Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Sciences and technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Annika Pollitt
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pietz
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Alexander Feckler
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, 76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829 Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Monroy S, Larrañaga A, Martínez A, Pérez J, Molinero J, Basaguren A, Pozo J. Temperature Sensitivity of Microbial Litter Decomposition in Freshwaters: Role of Leaf Litter Quality and Environmental Characteristics. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:839-852. [PMID: 35654854 PMCID: PMC10156624 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global warming is expected to alter temperature-dependent processes. Nevertheless, how co-occurring local drivers will influence temperature sensitivity of plant litter decomposition in lotic ecosystems remains uncertain. Here, we examined the temperature sensitivity of microbial-mediated decomposition, microbial respiration, fungal biomass and leaf nutrients of two plant species varying in litter quality. We also assessed whether the type of microbial community and stream water characteristics influence such responses to temperature. We incubated alder (Alnus glutinosa) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) litter discs in three streams differing in autumn-winter water temperature (range 4.6-8.9 °C). Simultaneously, in laboratory microcosms, litter discs microbially conditioned in these streams were incubated at 5, 10 and 15 °C with water from the conditioning stream and with a water control from an additional stream. Both in the field and in the laboratory, higher temperatures enhanced litter decomposition rates, except for eucalypt in the field. Leaf quality modified the response of decomposition to temperature in the field, with eucalypt leaf litter showing a lower increase, whereas it did not in the laboratory. The origin of microbial community only affected the decomposition rates in the laboratory, but it did not modify the response to temperature. Water quality only defined the phosphorus content of the leaf litter or the fungal biomass, but it did not modify the response to temperature. Our results suggest that the acceleration in decomposition by global warming will be shaped by local factors, mainly by leaf litter quality, in headwater streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Monroy
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aingeru Martínez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jon Molinero
- Escuela de Gestión Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador Sede Esmeraldas, Esmeraldas, 080150, Ecuador
| | - Ana Basaguren
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús Pozo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
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Drying Shapes Aquatic Fungal Community Assembly by Reducing Functional Diversity. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic fungi are highly diverse organisms that play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycles. Yet it remains unclear which assembly processes determine their co-occurrence and assembly patterns over gradients of drying intensity, which is a common stressor in fluvial networks. Although aquatic fungi possess drying-specific adaptations, little is known about how functional similarity influences co-occurrence probability and which functional traits are sorted by drying. Using field data from 15 streams, we investigated how co-occurrence patterns and assembly processes responded to drying intensity. To do so, we determined fungal co-occurrence patterns, functional traits that best explain species co-occurrence likelihood, and community assembly mechanisms explaining changes in functional diversity over the drying gradient. Our results identified 24 species pairs with positive co-occurrence probabilities and 16 species pairs with negative associations. The co-occurrence probability was correlated with species differences in conidia shape and fungal endophytic capacity. Functional diversity reduction over the drying gradient is generally associated with non-random abiotic filtering. However, the assembly processes changed over the drying gradient, with random assembly prevailing at low drying intensity and abiotic filtering gaining more importance as drying intensifies. Collectively, our results can help anticipate the impacts of global change on fungal communities and ecosystem functioning.
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Gentilin-Avanci C, Pinha GD, Ratz Scoarize MM, Petsch DK, Benedito E. Warming water and leaf litter quality but not plant origin drive decomposition and fungal diversity in an experiment. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:631-639. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xiang H, Li K, Cao L, Zhang Z, Yang H. Global patterns and drivers of coniferous leaf-litter decomposition in streams and rivers. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.940254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many streams and rivers are heterotrophic ecosystems that are highly dependent on cross-ecosystem subsidies such as leaf litter (LL). Terrestrial LL can be consumed by macroinvertebrates and microbes to fuel the detrital-based food webs in freshwaters. To date, our knowledge of LL decomposition in freshwaters is largely based on broadleaved LL, while the patterns and drivers of coniferous leaf-litter (CLL) decomposition in streams and rivers remain poorly understood. Here, we present a global investigation of CLL decomposition in streams and rivers by collecting data from 35 publications. We compared LL breakdown rates in this study with other global-scale studies (including conifers and broadleaved species), between evergreen and deciduous conifers, and between native and invasive conifers. We also investigated the climatic, geographic (latitude and altitude), stream physicochemical characteristics, and experimental factors (e.g., mesh size and experimental duration) in influencing CLL decomposition. We found that the following: (1) LL breakdown rates in this study were 18.5–28.8 and 4.9–16.8% slower than those in other global-scale studies when expressed as per day and per degree day, respectively. Conifer LL in coarse mesh bags, for evergreen and invasive conifers, decomposed 13.6, 10.3, and 10.8% faster than in fine mesh bags, for deciduous and native conifers, respectively; (2) CLL traits, stream physicochemical characteristics, and experimental factors explained higher variations in CLL decomposition than climatic and geographic factors; (3) CLL nutritional quality (N and P), water temperature, and experimental duration were better predictors of CLL decomposition than other predictors in categories of LL traits, stream physicochemical characteristics, and experimental factors, respectively; and (4) total and microbial-mediated CLL breakdown rates showed linear relationships with latitude, altitude, mean annual temperature, and mean annual precipitation. Our results imply that the replacement of native forests by conifer plantation would impose great impacts on adjacent freshwaters by retarding the LL processing rate. Moreover, future climate warming which is very likely to happen in mid- and high-latitude areas according to the IPCC 6th report would accelerate LL decomposition, with a potential consequence of food depletion for detritivores in freshwaters during hot summers.
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Du J, Qv W, Niu Y, Yuan S, Zhang L, Yang H, Zhang Y. Co-exposures of acid rain and ZnO nanoparticles accelerate decomposition of aquatic leaf litter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128141. [PMID: 34968844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pattern of acid rain is dependent on the ratio of SO42- and NO3-, which change may affect the dissolution activity of dull heavy metals in the aquatic environment and further complicate the ongoing challenge of ecosystem stability and increase risks. In this study, we assessed the combined effects of acid rain (SO42-: NO3- was 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) and ZnO nanoparticles (30 ng L-1) on plant litter decomposition through a microcosm experiment. The highest dissolution of ZnO nanoparticles was achieved when the SO42-: NO3- ratio was 1:2, and there were no significant differences among other treatments. The fungal biomass showed significant decreases under acute exposures but tended to be adaptive during chronic exposures. The co-exposure significantly stimulated the activities of leucine-aminopeptidase, glycine-aminopeptidase, polyphenol oxidase, and cellobiohydrolase. Besides, the fungal diversity and the relative abundance of some functional genera (e.g. Anguillospora) were enhanced when the SO42-: NO3- ratio was 1:2 and 2:1. In conclusion, the decomposition rate of plant litter was increased by 123-204% by co-exposures. Collectively, the findings underline the importance of considering environmental context to assess nanoparticle toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China.
| | - Wenrui Qv
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulong Niu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaikang Yuan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huilian Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Viza A, Muñoz I, Oliva F, Menéndez M. Contrary effects of flow intermittence and land uses on organic matter decomposition in a Mediterranean river basin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151424. [PMID: 34742957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flow interruption in intermittent rivers (IRs) generates a mosaic of terrestrial and aquatic habitats across the river network affecting ecosystem processes, as organic matter (OM) decomposition. Water use for farming in arid and semi-arid climates intensifies the dry conditions and affects local river characteristics. In that way, flow intermittence and the distribution of land uses may affect the OM processing along the river. To understand the role of IRs in global OM dynamics and how global change affecting water flow regimes determines these dynamics, it is important to estimate OM-processing rates at a basin scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the intensity of flow intermittence on OM processing, and how this effect was modulated by local environmental factors related to land uses across a Mediterranean river basin. To do this, wood decomposition (mass loss and fungal biomass) was selected as a functional indicator. Drying duration and frequency were measured to characterize flow intermittence in different reaches along the river, as well as local environmental factors. Linear models stablished the role of factors on decomposition. The results showed that differences in decomposition rates across the river network were negatively related to the duration of flow interruption. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen associated with agriculture counteracted the negative effect of intermittence on mass loss (increasing by up to three times); but with a higher duration of dry conditions, its effect was insignificant. An increase of 20% of canopy (higher in natural areas) resulted in increases of up to 5% of mass loss. Overall, our study is relevant to understanding the interaction between flow intermittence and land uses on OM processing, especially considering the intensification of flow intermittence and its increased distribution to other regions, which is expected to be a consequence of climate warming and human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viza
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - I Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; IdRA, The Water Research Institute, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Oliva
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Menéndez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Du J, Qv W, Niu Y, Qv M, Jin K, Xie J, Li Z. Nanoplastic pollution inhibits stream leaf decomposition through modulating microbial metabolic activity and fungal community structure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127392. [PMID: 34879582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have proved the impacts of nanoplastic pollution in freshwaters on aquatic organisms and ecosystems. To explore toxic mechanisms of nanoplastics on stream functioning, we conducted a microcosm experiment to investigate the effects of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs, 1-100 μg L-1) on the process of leaf litter decomposition mediated by the microbial community. The chronic exposure to PS NPs at 1 and 100 μg L-1 caused significant decreases in leaf litter decomposition and nutrient (carbon and nitrogen) releases. During the ecological process, some extracellular enzymes (i.e., β-glucosidase, glycine-aminopeptidase, and phenol oxidase) rather than fungal biomass were suppressed. Besides, decreases in the relative abundance of Anguillospora and Setophaeosphaeria weakened their functions in leaf litter decomposition. Thus, the microcosm experiment showed that PS NPs inhibited stream leaf decomposition by modulating the microbial metabolic activity and fungal community structure. Overall, the results of this study provide evidence for the consequences of nanoplastic pollution on freshwater microbial community and stream ecosystem functioning, which is conducive to evaluate the potential risks of nanoplastics in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Treatment and Resource, China National Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Henan Province, China.
| | - Wenrui Qv
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulong Niu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxiang Qv
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kai Jin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinyou Xie
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zehong Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
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Kluge M, Wauthy M, Clemmensen KE, Wurzbacher C, Hawkes JA, Einarsdottir K, Rautio M, Stenlid J, Peura S. Declining fungal diversity in Arctic freshwaters along a permafrost thaw gradient. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5889-5906. [PMID: 34462999 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-driven permafrost thaw has a strong influence on pan-Arctic regions, via, for example, the formation of thermokarst ponds. These ponds are hotspots of microbial carbon cycling and greenhouse gas production, and efforts have been put on disentangling the role of bacteria and archaea in recycling the increasing amounts of carbon arriving to the ponds from degrading watersheds. However, despite the well-established role of fungi in carbon cycling in the terrestrial environments, the interactions between permafrost thaw and fungal communities in Arctic freshwaters have remained unknown. We integrated data from 60 ponds in Arctic hydro-ecosystems, representing a gradient of permafrost integrity and spanning over five regions, namely Alaska, Greenland, Canada, Sweden, and Western Siberia. The results revealed that differences in pH and organic matter quality and availability were linked to distinct fungal community compositions and that a large fraction of the community represented unknown fungal phyla. Results display a 16%-19% decrease in fungal diversity, assessed by beta diversity, across ponds in landscapes with more degraded permafrost. At the same time, sites with similar carbon quality shared more species, aligning a shift in species composition with the quality and availability of terrestrial dissolved organic matter. We demonstrate that the degradation of permafrost has a strong negative impact on aquatic fungal diversity, likely via interactions with the carbon pool released from ancient deposits. This is expected to have implications for carbon cycling and climate feedback loops in the rapidly warming Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Kluge
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maxime Wauthy
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Christian Wurzbacher
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | | | | | - Milla Rautio
- Département des sciences fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, Québec, Canada
- Centre for Northern Studies (CEN), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Group for Interuniversity Research in Limnology and Aquatic Environment (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jan Stenlid
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sari Peura
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Pérez J, Ferreira V, Graça MAS, Boyero L. Litter Quality Is a Stronger Driver than Temperature of Early Microbial Decomposition in Oligotrophic Streams: a Microcosm Study. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 82:897-908. [PMID: 34570249 PMCID: PMC8551116 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01858-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Litter decomposition is an ecological process of key importance for forest headwater stream functioning, with repercussions for the global carbon cycle. The process is directly and indirectly mediated by microbial decomposers, mostly aquatic hyphomycetes, and influenced by environmental and biological factors such as water temperature and litter quality. These two factors are forecasted to change globally within the next few decades, in ways that may have contrasting effects on microbial-induced litter decomposition: while warming is expected to enhance microbial performance, the reduction in litter quality due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and community composition alteration may have the opposite outcome. We explored this issue through a microcosm experiment focused on early microbial-mediated litter decomposition under stream oligotrophic conditions, by simultaneously manipulating water temperature (10 °C and 15 °C) and litter quality (12 broadleaf plant species classified into 4 categories based on initial concentrations of nitrogen and tannins). We assessed potential changes in microbial-mediated litter decomposition and the performance of fungal decomposers (i.e., microbial respiration, biomass accrual, and sporulation rate) and species richness. We found stronger effects of litter quality, which enhanced the performance of microbial decomposers and decomposition rates, than temperature, which barely influenced any of the studied variables. Our results suggest that poorer litter quality associated with global change will have a major repercussion on stream ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pérez
- Stream Ecology Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain.
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Verónica Ferreira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel A S Graça
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luz Boyero
- Stream Ecology Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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Abstract
AbstractInvestigating the influence of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning over environmental gradients is needed to anticipate ecosystem responses to global change. However, our understanding of the functional role of freshwater biodiversity, especially for microbes, is mainly based on manipulative experiments, where biodiversity and environmental variability are minimized. Here, we combined observational and manipulative experiments to analyse how fungal biodiversity responds to and mediates the impacts of drying on two key ecosystem processes: organic matter decomposition and fungal biomass accrual. Our observational data set consists of fungal biodiversity and ecosystem processes from 15 streams spanning a natural gradient of flow intermittence. Our manipulative design evaluates the responses of ecosystem processes to two fungal richness levels crossed with three levels of drying. For the observational experiment, we found that increasing the duration of drying reduced fungal species richness and caused compositional changes. Changes in species composition were driven by species turnover, suggesting resistance mechanisms to cope with drying. We also found that fungal richness had a positive effect on organic matter decomposition and fungal biomass accrual. Positive effects of fungal biodiversity were consistent when controlling for the effects of drying duration on richness by means of structural equation modelling. In addition, our results for the manipulative experiment showed that the positive effects of higher richness on both ecosystem processes were evident even when exposed to short or long simulated drying. Overall, our study suggests that maintaining high levels of biodiversity is crucial for maintaining functional freshwater ecosystems in response to ongoing and future environmental changes.
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Baudy P, Zubrod JP, Konschak M, Kolbenschlag S, Pollitt A, Baschien C, Schulz R, Bundschuh M. Fungal-fungal and fungal-bacterial interactions in aquatic decomposer communities: bacteria promote fungal diversity. Ecology 2021; 102:e03471. [PMID: 34260739 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fungi produce a variety of extracellular enzymes making recalcitrant substrates bioavailable. Thus, fungi are central for decomposition of dead organic matter such as leaf litter. Despite their ecological importance, our understanding of relationships between fungal species diversity and ecosystem functioning is limited, especially with regard to aquatic habitats. Moreover, fungal interactions with other groups of microorganisms such as bacteria are rarely investigated. This lack of information may be attributed to methodological limitations in tracking the biomass of individual fungal species in communities, impeding a detailed assessment of deviations from the overall performance expected from the sum of individual species' performances, so-called net diversity effects (NDEs). We used fungal species-specific biomolecular tools to target fungal-fungal and fungal-bacterial interactions on submerged leaves using four cosmopolitan aquatic fungal species and a stream microbial community dominated by bacteria. In microcosms, we experimentally manipulated fungal diversity and bacterial absence/presence and assessed functional performances and fungal community composition after 14 days of incubation. Fungal community data was used to evaluate NDEs on leaf colonization. The individual fungal species were functionally distinct and fungal cultures were on average more efficient than the bacterial culture. In absence of bacteria, NDEs correlated with growth rate (negatively) and genetic divergence (positively), but were predominantly negative, suggesting that higher fungal diversity led to a lower colonization success (niche overlap). In both absence and presence of bacteria, the overall functional performances of the communities were largely defined by their composition (i.e., no interactions at the functional level). In presence of bacteria, NDEs correlated with genetic divergence (positively) and were largely positive, suggesting higher fungal diversity stimulated colonization (niche complementarity). This stimulation may be driven by a bacteria-induced inhibition of fungal growth, alleviating competition among fungi. Resulting feedback loops eventually promote fungal coexistence and synergistic interactions. Nonetheless, overall functional performances are reduced compared to bacteria-free cultures. These findings highlight the necessity to conduct future studies, investigating biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships using artificial systems, without exclusion of key organisms naturally co-occurring in the compartment of interest. Otherwise, study outcomes might not reflect true ecological relationships and ultimately misguide conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Baudy
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Jochen P Zubrod
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
- Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, Eußerthal, D-76857, Germany
| | - Marco Konschak
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Sara Kolbenschlag
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Annika Pollitt
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
| | - Christiane Baschien
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, Braunschweig, D-38124, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
- Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, Eußerthal, D-76857, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, Landau, D-76829, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, Uppsala, SWE-75007, Sweden
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14
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Granados V, Gutiérrez-Cánovas C, Arias-Real R, Obrador B, Harjung A, Butturini A. The interruption of longitudinal hydrological connectivity causes delayed responses in dissolved organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136619. [PMID: 31958729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrology is the main driver of dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams. However, it is still unclear how the timing and the spatial variation in flow connectivity affect the dynamics of DOM and inorganic solutes. This study focuses on the impact of flow cessation on the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of DOM quantity and quality along an intermittent stream. We monitored a headwater intermittent stream at high spatial and temporal frequencies during a summer drying episode and analysed dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its spectroscopic properties, inorganic solutes and dissolved CO2. The drying period determined the disruption of the fluvial continuum with a recession of stream continuum at a rate of ~60 m/d and the gradual formation of a patched system of isolated pools of different sizes. Our results showed that the period of time that had elapsed since isolated pool formation (CI-days) was an essential factor for understanding how drying shaped the biogeochemistry of the fluvial system. Overall, drying caused a high DOC concentration and an increase in the humic-like fluorescence signal. Additionally, solutes showed contrasting responses to hydrological disconnection. Electrical conductivity, for instance, is a clear "sentinel" of the fragmentation process because it starts to increase before the hydrological disruption occurs. In contrast, DOC, most spectroscopic DOM descriptors and CO2 showed delayed responses of approximately 5-21 days after the formation of isolated pools. Furthermore, the spatial location and volume of each isolated pool seemed to exert a significant impact on most variables. In contrast, the temperature did not follow a clear pattern. These findings indicate that the fragmentation of longitudinal hydrological connectivity does not induce a single biogeochemical response but rather stimulates a set of solute-specific responses that generates a complex biogeochemical mosaic in a single fluvial unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Granados
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cayetano Gutiérrez-Cánovas
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rebeca Arias-Real
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biel Obrador
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Astrid Harjung
- Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Butturini
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Mlouka R, Cachot J, Sforzini S, Oliveri C, Boukadida K, Clerandeau C, Pacchioni B, Millino C, Viarengo A, Banni M. Molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of temperature increase on Mytilus sp. and their hybrids at early larval stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:135200. [PMID: 31806331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to investigate the effects of water temperature increase on Mytilus galloprovincilis and Mytilus edulis pure larvae (PG, PE) and their hybrids (HFG, HFE). D-larvae were maintained at 18 °C or exposed to a higher temperature of 22 °C for 48 h. Initially, Embryotoxicity test was evaluated. Second, a transcriptomic analysis using a recently developed microarray platform was applied to determine the main biological processes involved in early life stages responses to temperature increase. Finally, an immunofluorescence investigation was performed to bridge the gap between transcriptomic regulation and the real changes at cellular/tissue levels. Embryotoxicity test revealed a higher sensitivity of M. edulis (PE) D-larvae as well as hybrids from females M. edulis (HFE) to temperature increase, with the highest rate of larval malformations. Transcriptomic results indicated a lack of an adequate heat shock protein (Hsp) response in PE and HFE larvae (the high expression was observed in PG larvae); the differential expression of gene involved in translation, energy metabolism and oxidative stress response may contribute to explain the observed complex alterations in the studied conditions. As revealed by immunohistochemistry, cytoskeleton proteins changes associated with a drastic decrease of Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein (HRG) may elucidate the larval abnormalities in shell development observed for PE and HFE larvae. Overall, the results indicate that each type of pure larva (PG and PE) and their respective female hybrid (HFG and HFE) react similarly to the temperature increase. Our data should be carefully considered in view of the water temperature increase in marine ecosystems and especially for the mussel's species in confluence zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Mlouka
- Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental , ISA, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir.5000, Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Susanna Sforzini
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze della terra, dell'ambiente e della vita (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova,Via Balbi 5, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Khouloud Boukadida
- Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental , ISA, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Christelle Clerandeau
- Laboratory of Oceanic and Continental Environments and Paleoenvironments, University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | - Caterina Millino
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Aldo Viarengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", V.le T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental , ISA, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Sousse, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir.5000, Monastir University, Tunisia.
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16
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Seena S, Bärlocher F, Sobral O, Gessner MO, Dudgeon D, McKie BG, Chauvet E, Boyero L, Ferreira V, Frainer A, Bruder A, Matthaei CD, Fenoglio S, Sridhar KR, Albariño RJ, Douglas MM, Encalada AC, Garcia E, Ghate SD, Giling DP, Gonçalves V, Iwata T, Landeira-Dabarca A, McMaster D, Medeiros AO, Naggea J, Pozo J, Raposeiro PM, Swan CM, Tenkiano NSD, Yule CM, Graça MAS. Biodiversity of leaf litter fungi in streams along a latitudinal gradient. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:306-315. [PMID: 30677678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global patterns of biodiversity have emerged for soil microorganisms, plants and animals, and the extraordinary significance of microbial functions in ecosystems is also well established. Virtually unknown, however, are large-scale patterns of microbial diversity in freshwaters, although these aquatic ecosystems are hotspots of biodiversity and biogeochemical processes. Here we report on the first large-scale study of biodiversity of leaf-litter fungi in streams along a latitudinal gradient unravelled by Illumina sequencing. The study is based on fungal communities colonizing standardized plant litter in 19 globally distributed stream locations between 69°N and 44°S. Fungal richness suggests a hump-shaped distribution along the latitudinal gradient. Strikingly, community composition of fungi was more clearly related to thermal preferences than to biogeography. Our results suggest that identifying differences in key environmental drivers, such as temperature, among taxa and ecosystem types is critical to unravel the global patterns of aquatic fungal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahadevan Seena
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Felix Bärlocher
- Department of Biology, Mt. Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Olímpia Sobral
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany; Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstraße 34, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Dudgeon
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Brendan G McKie
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric Chauvet
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Luz Boyero
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Verónica Ferreira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Frainer
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Andreas Bruder
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Christoph D Matthaei
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Stefano Fenoglio
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria I-15121, Italy
| | - Kandikere R Sridhar
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Michael M Douglas
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| | - Andrea C Encalada
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, 17-1200-841 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Erica Garcia
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| | - Sudeep D Ghate
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India; Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Darren P Giling
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 15, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vítor Gonçalves
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores & Departamento de Biologia da, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Tomoya Iwata
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Andrea Landeira-Dabarca
- Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, 17-1200-841 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Damien McMaster
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| | - Adriana O Medeiros
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Josheena Naggea
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Jesús Pozo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Pedro M Raposeiro
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, CIBIO, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores & Departamento de Biologia da, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal
| | - Christopher M Swan
- Department of Geography & Environmental Systems, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 211 Sondheim Hall, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | | | - Catherine M Yule
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel A S Graça
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Manning DWP, Rosemond AD, Gulis V, Benstead JP, Kominoski JS. Nutrients and temperature additively increase stream microbial respiration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:e233-e247. [PMID: 28902445 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures and nutrient enrichment are co-occurring global-change drivers that stimulate microbial respiration of detrital carbon, but nutrient effects on the temperature dependence of respiration in aquatic ecosystems remain uncertain. We measured respiration rates associated with leaf litter, wood, and fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) across seasonal temperature gradients before (PRE) and after (ENR1, ENR2) experimental nutrient (nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) additions to five forest streams. Nitrogen and phosphorus were added at different N:P ratios using increasing concentrations of N (~80-650 μg/L) and corresponding decreasing concentrations of P (~90-11 μg/L). We assessed the temperature dependence, and microbial (i.e., fungal) drivers of detrital mass-specific respiration rates using the metabolic theory of ecology, before vs. after nutrient enrichment, and across N and P concentrations. Detrital mass-specific respiration rates increased with temperature, exhibiting comparable activation energies (E, electronvolts [eV]) for all substrates (FBOM E = 0.43 [95% CI = 0.18-0.69] eV, leaf litter E = 0.30 [95% CI = 0.072-0.54] eV, wood E = 0.41 [95% CI = 0.18-0.64] eV) close to predicted MTE values. There was evidence that temperature-driven increased respiration occurred via increased fungal biomass (wood) or increased fungal biomass-specific respiration (leaf litter). Respiration rates increased under nutrient-enriched conditions on leaves (1.32×) and wood (1.38×), but not FBOM. Respiration rates responded weakly to gradients in N or P concentrations, except for positive effects of P on wood respiration. The temperature dependence of respiration was comparable among years and across N or P concentration for all substrates. Responses of leaf litter and wood respiration to temperature and the combined effects of N and P were similar in magnitude. Our data suggest that the temperature dependence of stream microbial respiration is unchanged by nutrient enrichment, and that increased temperature and N + P availability have additive and comparable effects on microbial respiration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy D Rosemond
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Vladislav Gulis
- Department of Biology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Jonathan P Benstead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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18
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Martins RT, Rezende RDS, Gonçalves Júnior JF, Lopes A, Piedade MTF, Cavalcante HDL, Hamada N. Effects of increasing temperature and, CO2 on quality of litter, shredders, and microorganisms in Amazonian aquatic systems. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188791. [PMID: 29190723 PMCID: PMC5708753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change may affect the chemical composition of riparian leaf litter and, aquatic organisms and, consequently, leaf breakdown. We evaluated the effects of different scenarios combining increased temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) on leaf detritus of Hevea spruceana (Benth) Müll. and decomposers (insect shredders and microorganisms). We hypothesized that simulated climate change (warming and elevated CO2) would: i) decrease leaf-litter quality, ii) decrease survival and leaf breakdown by shredders, and iii) increase microbial leaf breakdown and fungal biomass. We performed the experiment in four microcosm chambers that simulated air temperature and CO2 changes in relation to a real-time control tracking current conditions in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The experiment lasted seven days. During the experiment mean air temperature and CO2 concentration ranged from 26.96 ± 0.98ºC and 537.86 ± 18.36 ppmv in the control to 31.75 ± 0.50ºC and 1636.96 ± 17.99 ppmv in the extreme chamber, respectively. However, phosphorus concentration in the leaf litter decreased with warming and elevated CO2. Leaf quality (percentage of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, cellulose and lignin) was not influenced by soil flooding. Fungal biomass and microbial leaf breakdown were positively influenced by temperature and CO2 increase and reached their highest values in the intermediate condition. Both total and shredder leaf breakdown, and shredder survival rate were similar among all climatic conditions. Thus, low leaf-litter quality due to climate change and higher leaf breakdown under intermediate conditions may indicate an increase of riparian metabolism due to temperature and CO2 increase, highlighting the risk (e.g., decreased productivity) of global warming for tropical streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Tavares Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia—INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Renan de Souza Rezende
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária Regional de Chapecó - Unochapecó, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Lopes
- Grupo MAUA ‘‘Ecologia, Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas”, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Urbana, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
- Grupo MAUA ‘‘Ecologia, Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas”, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Heloide de Lima Cavalcante
- Grupo MAUA ‘‘Ecologia, Monitoramento e Uso Sustentável de Áreas Úmidas”, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Neusa Hamada
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia—INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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19
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Batista D, Pascoal C, Cássio F. Temperature modulates AgNP impacts on microbial decomposer activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1324-1332. [PMID: 28605851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP)s can have toxic effects on aquatic species and compromise important ecosystem processes. AgNP impacts have been the focus of much research, but their effects under different environmental contexts, such as the increase in global temperature are difficult to predict. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of AgNPs and temperature on the activity and diversity of microbial decomposers of plant litter in streams. Litter-associated microbial communities were exposed in microcosms to increased concentrations of AgNPs (50 to 75000μgL-1) and AgNO3 (5 to 7500μgL-1) and kept for 21days at 10°C, 16°C and 23°C. Effects of AgNPs and AgNO3 were assessed based on leaf mass loss and litter-associated microbial communities by measuring microbial diversity, the activity of fungal extracellular enzymes, and fungal biomass and reproduction. Increase in temperature stimulated leaf mass loss, but not fungal biomass and reproduction. Increased AgNP and AgNO3 concentrations inhibited fungal reproduction and diversity, particularly at 23°C. Activities of the extracellular enzymes phenol oxidase and β-glucosidase were generally higher at 23°C. Microbial communities were mainly structured by AgNP and AgNO3 concentrations more than by temperature. The negative effects of nano and ionic Ag on microbial activity were more pronounced at 10 and 23°C. The behavior of AgNPs was more related to water physical and chemical characteristics (pH) than to temperature. Results highlight the importance of considering different environmental scenarios when examining NP toxicity to freshwater biota and ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Batista
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Cássio
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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20
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Tavares Martins R, Souza da Silveira L, Pereira Lopes M, Gama Alves R. Invertebrates, Fungal Biomass, and Leaf Breakdown in Pools and Riffles of Neotropical Streams. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2017; 17:3051688. [PMID: 28423423 PMCID: PMC5388313 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iew113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated fungal biomass (as ergosterol concentration) and invertebrate colonization during leaf breakdown of Picramnia sellowii Planch. (Picramniaceae) in pools and riffles of three low-order forested streams in southeastern Brazil. We hypothesized that leaf breakdown will be higher in riffles due to the high physical fragmentation and fungal activity. The experiment was carried out during the dry season of 2012, using 108 litter bags, each containing 3 ± 0.05 g of air-dried leaves. After 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d of incubation, six litter bags (riffle = 3 and pool = 3) were removed from each stream. Leaf breakdown rate (k) was classified as intermediate in pools and fast in riffles. We recorded similar values of remaining leaf mass in two habitats until 60 d. However, at 90 and 120 d, this process was faster in riffles. The mean fungal biomass was similar between habitats and showed an increase during the experiment at 90 d. Fauna composition differed between habitats and across sampling dates, with Chironomidae most contributing to these differences and being particularly abundant in riffles and in the initial period of leaf breakdown (until 30 d). Shredder abundance and biomass were not different between habitats and among incubation durations. Leaf breakdown (remaining leaf mass) was positively associated with fungal and shredder biomasses. However, water velocity was not related to leaf breakdown. These findings emphasize the importance of fungal and shredder organisms, as well as the low importance of water velocity, on mass loss in low-order tropical streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Tavares Martins
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia-INPA, Ae. André Araújo, 2936, Manaus, Amazonas CEP69067-375, Brazil
| | - Lidimara Souza da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pereira Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-330, Brazil (; )
| | - Roberto Gama Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036-330, Brazil (; )
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