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Liu R, Qiu J, Wang S, Fu R, Qi X, Jian C, Hu Q, Zeng J, Liu N. Hydrochemical and microbial community characteristics and the sources of inorganic nitrogen in groundwater from different aquifers in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119022. [PMID: 38685304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater from different aquifers in the Zhanjiang area suffers from different degrees of nitrogen pollution, which poses a serious threat to the health of urban and rural residents as well as the surrounding aquatic ecological environment. However, neither the water chemistry and microbial community characteristics in different aquifer media nor the sources of inorganic nitrogen pollution have been extensively studied. This study integrated water quality parameters, dual isotopes (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-), and 16S rRNA data to clarify the hydrochemical and microbial characteristics of loose rock pore water (LRPW), layered bedrock fissure water (LBFW), and volcanic rock pore fissure water (VRPFW) in the Zhanjiang area and to determine inorganic nitrogen pollution and sources. The results show that the hydrochemistry of groundwater in different aquifers is complex and diverse, which is mainly affected by rock weathering and atmospheric precipitation, and the cation exchange is strong. High NO3- concentration reduces the richness of the microbial community (VRPFW). There are a large number of bacteria related to nitrogen (N) cycle in groundwater and nitrification dominated the N transformation. A quarter of the samples exceeded the relevant inorganic nitrogen index limits specified in the drinking water standard for China. The NO3- content is highest in VRPFW and the NH4+ content is highest in shallow loose rock pore water (SLRPW). In general, NO3-/Cl-, dual isotope (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) data and MixSIAR quantitative results indicate manure and sewage (M&S) and soil organic nitrogen (SON) are the main sources of NO3-. In LRPW, as the depth increases, the contribution rate of M&S gradually decreases, and the contribution rate of SON gradually increases. The results of uncertainty analysis show that the UI90 values of SON and M&S are higher. This study provides a scientific basis for local relevant departments to address inorganic nitrogen pollution in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentao Liu
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinrong Qiu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Guangdong Geological Bureau Fourth Geological Brigade, Zhanjiang, 524049, Guangdong, China
| | - Renchuan Fu
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochen Qi
- College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanqi Jian
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Qizhi Hu
- Guangdong Hydrogeology Battalion, Guangzhou, 510510, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingwen Zeng
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
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Guadalupe JJ, Pazmiño‐Vela M, Pozo G, Vernaza W, Ochoa‐Herrera V, Torres MDL, Torres AF. Metagenomic analysis of microbial consortia native to the Amazon, Highlands, and Galapagos regions of Ecuador with potential for wastewater remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2024; 16:e13272. [PMID: 38692845 PMCID: PMC11062868 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Native microbial consortia have been proposed for biological wastewater treatment, but their diversity and function remain poorly understood. This study investigated three native microalgae-bacteria consortia collected from the Amazon, Highlands, and Galapagos regions of Ecuador to assess their metagenomes and wastewater remediation potential. The consortia were evaluated for 12 days under light (LC) and continuous dark conditions (CDC) to measure their capacity for nutrient and organic matter removal from synthetic wastewater (SWW). Overall, all three consortia demonstrated higher nutrient removal efficiencies under LC than CDC, with the Amazon and Galapagos consortia outperforming the Highlands consortium in nutrient removal capabilities. Despite differences in α- and β-diversity, microbial species diversity within and between consortia did not directly correlate with their nutrient removal capabilities. However, all three consortia were enriched with core taxonomic groups associated with wastewater remediation activities. Our analyses further revealed higher abundances for nutrient removing microorganisms in the Amazon and Galapagos consortia compared with the Highland consortium. Finally, this study also uncovered the contribution of novel microbial groups that enhance wastewater bioremediation processes. These groups have not previously been reported as part of the core microbial groups commonly found in wastewater communities, thereby highlighting the potential of investigating microbial consortia isolated from ecosystems of megadiverse countries like Ecuador.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Guadalupe
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Calle Diego de Robles y Avenida PampiteQuitoEcuador
| | - Miguel Pazmiño‐Vela
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Calle Diego de Robles y Avenida PampiteQuitoEcuador
| | - Gabriela Pozo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Calle Diego de Robles y Avenida PampiteQuitoEcuador
| | - Wendy Vernaza
- Colegio de Ciencias e IngenieríaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía InteroceánicaQuitoEcuador
| | - Valeria Ochoa‐Herrera
- Colegio de Ciencias e IngenieríaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Diego de Robles y Vía InteroceánicaQuitoEcuador
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Maria de Lourdes Torres
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Calle Diego de Robles y Avenida PampiteQuitoEcuador
| | - Andres F. Torres
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Vegetal, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y AmbientalesUniversidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Calle Diego de Robles y Avenida PampiteQuitoEcuador
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3
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Shang L, Hu Z, Deng Y, Li J, Liu Y, Song X, Zhai X, Zhan Z, Tian W, Xu J, Han Y, Shen H, Ding H, Tang YZ. Transoceanic ships as a source of alien dinoflagellate invasions of inland freshwater ecosystems. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 135:102630. [PMID: 38830708 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Ships' ballast water and sediments have long been linked to the global transport and expansion of invasive species and thus have become a hot research topic and administrative challenge in the past decades. The relevant concerns, however, have been mainly about the ocean-to-ocean invasion and sampling practices have been almost exclusively conducted onboard. We examined and compared the dinoflagellate cysts assemblages in 49 sediment samples collected from ballast tanks of international and domestic routes ships, washing basins associated with a ship-repair yard, Jiangyin Port (PS), and the nearby area of Yangtze River (YR) during 2017-2018. A total of 43 dinoflagellates were fully identified to species level by metabarcoding, single-cyst PCR-based sequencing, cyst germination and phylogenetic analyses, including 12 species never reported from waters of China, 14 HABs-causing, 9 toxic, and 10 not strictly marine species. Our metabarcoding and single-cyst sequencing also detected many OTUs and cysts of dinoflagellates that could not be fully identified, indicating ballast tank sediments being a risky repository of currently unrecognizable invasive species. Particularly important, 10 brackish and fresh water species of dinoflagellate cysts (such as Tyrannodinium edax) were detected from the transoceanic ships, indicating these species may function as alien species potentially invading the inland rivers and adjacent lakes if these ships conduct deballast and other practices in fresh waterbodies. Significantly higher numbers of reads and OTUs of dinoflagellates in the ballast tanks and washing basins than that in PS and YR indicate a risk of releasing cysts by ships and the associated ship-repair yards to the surrounding waters. Phylogenetic analyses revealed high intra-species genetic diversity for multiple cyst species from different ballast tanks. Our work provides novel insights into the risk of bio-invasion to fresh waters conveyed in ship's ballast tank sediments and washing basins of shipyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhangxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yunyan Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ballast Water Research, Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Jiangyin Customs, Jiangyin 214431, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoying Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zifeng Zhan
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ballast Water Research, Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Jiangyin Customs, Jiangyin 214431, China
| | - Jinxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ballast Water Research, Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Jiangyin Customs, Jiangyin 214431, China
| | - Yangchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ballast Water Research, Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Jiangyin Customs, Jiangyin 214431, China
| | - Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ballast Water Research, Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Jiangyin Customs, Jiangyin 214431, China
| | - Hua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ballast Water Research, Comprehensive Technical Service Center of Jiangyin Customs, Jiangyin 214431, China
| | - Ying Zhong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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4
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Chi L, Jiang K, Ding Y, Wang W, Song X, Yu Z. Uncovering nutrient regeneration, transformation pattern, and its contribution to harmful algal blooms in mariculture waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170652. [PMID: 38331282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of harmful algal blooms (HABs), especially in mariculture waters, has become a concern for environmental and human health worldwide. Notably, the frequent occurrence of HABs relies upon a substantial supply of available nutrients, which are influenced by nutrient recycling. However, nutrient regeneration, transformation pattern, and their contribution to HABs in mariculture waters remain largely unknown. In this study, by combining field investigation and incubation experiments from June to September 2020, the temporal variations in nutrients and algal composition were revealed. In addition, the nutrient regeneration and assimilation rates in the water column during two continuous algal blooms were measured. The results indicated that organic nutrients, which were the dominant components, strongly stimulated nutrient regeneration. High regeneration rates were observed, with dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorous (DIP) regeneration rates ranging from 0.25 to 2.64 μmol/L·h and 0.01 to 0.09 μmol/L·h, respectively. Compared to the direct uptake of organic nutrients, the rapid regeneration of inorganic nutrients played a vital role in sustaining continuous algal blooms, as regenerated DIN contributed 100 % while regenerated DIP contributed 72-100 % of the algal assimilation demand. Furthermore, the redundancy analysis and inverse solution equations indicated that different N transformation patterns and utilization strategies occurred during Heterosigma and Nannochloris blooms. The shorter N recycling pathway and faster NH4+ supply rates provided favorable conditions for the dominance of Nannochloris over Heterosigma, which had a preference for the uptake of NO3-. In conclusion, we propose that nutrient regeneration is a key maintenance mechanism underlying the maintenance of continuous algal blooms, and different N transformation patterns and utilization strategies regulate algal communities in mariculture waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianbao Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kaiqin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Weihai Vocational College, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Fricke A, Bast F, Moreira-Saporiti A, Martins Bussanello G, Msuya FE, Teichberg M. Tropical bloom-forming mesoalgae Cladophoropsis sp. and Laurencia sp.-responses to ammonium enrichment and a simulated heatwave. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:554-573. [PMID: 38402562 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Algal blooms are increasing worldwide, driven by elevated nutrient inputs. However, it is still unknown how tropical benthic algae will respond to heatwaves, which are expected to be more frequent under global warming. In the present study, a multifactorial experiment was carried out to investigate the potential synergistic effects of increased ammonium inputs (25 μM, control at 2.5 μM) and a heatwave (31°C, control at 25°C) on the growth and physiology (e.g., ammonium uptake, nutrient assimilation, photosynthetic performance, and pigment concentrations) of two bloom-forming algal species, Cladophoropsis sp. and Laurencia sp. Both algae positively responded to elevated ammonium concentrations with higher growth and chlorophyll a and lutein concentrations. Increased temperature was generally a less important driver, interacting with elevated ammonium by decreasing the algaes' %N content and N:P ratios. Interestingly, this stress response was not captured by the photosynthetic yield (Fv/Fm) nor by the carbon assimilation (%C), which increased for both algae at higher temperatures. The negative effects of higher temperature were, however, buffered by nutrient inputs, showing an antagonistic response in the combined treatment for the concentration of VAZ (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin) and thalli growth. Ammonium uptake was initially higher for Cladophoropsis sp. and increased for Laurencia sp. over experimental time, showing an acclimation capacity even in a short time interval. This experiment shows that both algae benefited from increased ammonium pulses and were able to overcome the otherwise detrimental stress of increasingly emerging temperature anomalies, which provide them a strong competitive advantage and might support their further expansions in tropical marine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fricke
- WG Algae and Seagrass Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Felix Bast
- WG Algae and Seagrass Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda VPO, Punjab, India
| | - Agustín Moreira-Saporiti
- WG Algae and Seagrass Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giovanni Martins Bussanello
- Florianópolis (UFSC), R. Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Flower E Msuya
- Zanzibar Seaweed Cluster Initiative (ZaSCI), Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Mirta Teichberg
- WG Algae and Seagrass Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
- Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhang Y, Gao M, Liu R, Cai P, Gao J, Li K, Cai Y. Hydro-meteorological factors and inflowing nutrients drive water quality in an impounded lake of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:28198-28209. [PMID: 38538996 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater lakes play a vital role in global hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, serving various functions and maintaining ecological balance. However, freshwater resources are more vulnerable to deterioration due to multiple stressors. Gaoyou Lake is one of the impounded lakes of the Eastern route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, and as an important source of drinking water, the lake has been routinely monitored. Long-term monitoring of water quality in Gaoyou Lake showed that concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a as well as trophic state in the water column increased while water transparency decreased, indicating that the water quality has declined during the last 12 years. Specifically, there was a notable and statistically significant increase in chlorophyll a concentrations, averaging an annual rate of 9.9%. Despite a slight decline in trophic level index until 2014, subsequent years saw an upward trend, ranging from 50.7 to 56.4 and indicating a light eutrophic state. Spatially, the western area displayed higher nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations. Changes in hydro-meteorological variables and nutrients from inflowing rivers were the main factors correlated with water quality in Gaoyou Lake. Thus, pollution source apportionment and management within Huaihe River basin should be considered to reduce the external loadings of nutrients in order to improve and sustain long-term water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Rongkun Liu
- China Design Group Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Jiangdu Water Conservancy Project Management Office of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225200, China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kuanyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yongjiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
- Poyang Lake Wetland Research Station, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang, 332899, China.
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Mao Y, Fan H, Yao H, Wang C. Recent progress and prospect of graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalytic materials for inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170357. [PMID: 38286286 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of harmful algal blooms is a global concern due to the risk they pose to the environment and human health. Algal toxins which are hazardous compounds produced by dangerous algae, can potentially kill humans. Researchers have been drawn to photocatalysis because of its clean and energy-saving properties. Graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts have been extensively studied for their ability to eliminate algae. These photocatalysts have attracted notice because of their cost-effectiveness, appropriate electronic structure, and exceptional chemical stability. This paper reviews the progress of photocatalytic inactivation of harmful algae by g-C3N4-based materials in recent years. A brief overview is given of a number of the modification techniques on g-C3N4-based photocatalytic materials, as well as the process of inactivating algal cells and destroying their toxins. Additionally, it provides a theoretical framework for future research on the eradication of algae using g-C3N4-based photocatalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayu Mao
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China.
| | - Hongying Fan
- Testing Centre, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China.
| | - Hang Yao
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China.
| | - Chengyin Wang
- The College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, PR China.
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8
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Sang C, Tan L, Cai Q, Ye L. Long-term (2003-2021) evolution trend of water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir: An evaluation based on an enhanced water quality index. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169819. [PMID: 38190913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The degradation of water quality induced by the construction of large-scale hydraulic projects is one of the primary public concerns; however, it is rarely addressed with long-term field observation data. Here, we reported the long-term (2003-2021) trends, seasonal patterns, and overall condition of water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) with an enhanced water quality index (WQI). Specifically, to emphasize the importance of the biological role in water quality assessment, chlorophyll-a (Chla) was incorporated into WQI, and then a novel workflow using machine learning approach based on Random Forest (RF) model was constructed to develop a minimal water quality index (WQImin). The enhanced WQI indicated an overall "good" water quality condition, exhibiting a gradually improving trend subsequent to the reservoir impoundment in 2003. Meanwhile, the assessment revealed that the water quality has discernible seasonal patterns, characterized by poorer conditions in the spring and summer seasons. Furthermore, the RF model identified Chla, dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), water temperature (WT), pH, and total nitrogen (TN) as key parameters for the WQImin, with Chla emerging as the most important factor in determining WQImin in our study. Moreover, weighted WQImin models exhibited improved performance in estimating WQI. Our study emphasizes the importance of biological parameters in water quality assessment, and introduces a systematic workflow to facilitate the development of WQImin for accurate and cost-efficient water quality assessment. Furthermore, our study makes a substantial contribution to the advancement of knowledge regarding long-term trends and seasonal patterns in water quality of large reservoirs, which provides a foundational basis for guiding water quality management practices for reservoirs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinghua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Zuo J, Xiao P, Heino J, Tan F, Soininen J, Chen H, Yang J. Eutrophication increases the similarity of cyanobacterial community features in lakes and reservoirs. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:120977. [PMID: 38128306 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication of inland waters is a mostly anthropogenic phenomenon impacting aquatic biodiversity worldwide, and might change biotic community structure and ecosystem functions. However, little is known about the patterns of cyanobacterial community variations and changes both on alpha and beta diversity levels in response to eutrophication. Here, we investigated cyanobacterial communities sampled at 140 sites from 59 lakes and reservoirs along a strong eutrophication gradient in eastern China through using CPC-IGS and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We found that taxonomic diversity increased, but phylogenetic diversity decreased significantly along the eutrophication gradient. Both niche width and niche overlap of cyanobacteria significantly decreased from low- to high-nutrient waterbodies. Cyanobacterial community distance-decay relationship became weaker from mesotrophic to hypereutrophic waterbodies, while ecological uniqueness (i.e., local contributions to beta diversity) tended to increase in high-nutrient waterbodies. Latitude and longitude were more important in shaping cyanobacterial community structure than other environmental variables. These findings suggest that eutrophication affects alpha and beta diversity of cyanobacterial communities, leading to increasingly similar community structures in lakes and reservoirs with a higher level of eutrophication. Our work highlights how cyanobacterial communities respond to anthropogenic eutrophication and calls for an urgent need to develop conservation and management strategies to control lake eutrophication and protect freshwater biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zuo
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Institute for Eco-Environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Institute for Eco-Environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jani Heino
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Fengjiao Tan
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Janne Soininen
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Huihuang Chen
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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10
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He X, Yan W, Chen X, Li Q, Li M, Yan Y, Yan B, Yao Q, Li G, Wu T, Jia Y, Liu C. Degradation of algae promotes the release of arsenic from sediments under high-sulfate conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123154. [PMID: 38101530 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate concentrations in eutrophic waters continue to increase; however, the transformations of arsenic (As) in sediments under these conditions are unclear. In this study, we constructed a series of microcosms to investigate the effect of algal degradation on As transformations in sediments with high sulfate concentrations. The results showed that both the elevated sulfate levels and algal degradation enhanced the release of As from sediments to the overlying water, and degradation of algal in the presence of elevated sulfate levels could further contribute to As release. Sulfate competed with arsenate for adsorption in the sediments, leading to As desorption, while algal degradation created a strongly anaerobic environment, leading to the loss of the redox layer in the surface sediments. With high sulfate, algal degradation enhanced sulfate reduction, and sulfur caused the formation of thioarsenates, which may cause re-dissolution of the arsenides, enhancing As mobility by changing the As speciation. The results of sedimentary As speciation analysis indicated that elevated sulfur levels and algal degradation led to a shift of As from Fe2O3/oxyhydroxide-bound state to specifically adsorbed state at the sediment water interface. This study indicated that algal degradation increases the risk of As pollution in sulfate-enriched eutrophic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Wenming Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Minjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yulin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Binglong Yan
- Lianyungang Water Conservancy Planning and Designing Institute Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222006, China
| | - Qi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Gaoxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Tingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Shilianghe Reservoir Management Office, Lianyungang, 222006, China
| | - Congxian Liu
- Lianyungang Water Conservancy Bureau, Lianyungang, 222006, China
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11
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Oduor NA, Munga CN, Imbayi LK, Botwe PK, Nyanjong EO, Muthama CM, Mise NA, Moosdorf N. Anthropogenic nutrients and phytoplankton diversity in Kenya's coastal waters: An ecological quality assessment of sea turtle foraging sites. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115897. [PMID: 38128251 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We assessed ecological quality status (EQS) of coastal waters following claims of increasing sea turtle fibro-papillomatosis (FP) infections in Kenya, a disease hypothesized to be associated with 'poor' ecological health. We established widespread phosphate (P) and silicate (Si) limitation, dissolved ammonium contamination and an increase in potential harmful algal blooming species. Variations in the EQS was established in the sites depending on the indicators used and seasons. Generally, more sites located near hotels, tidal creeks, and estuarine areas showed 'poor', and 'bad' EQS during rainy period compared to dry season. Additionally, 90.1 % of the sites in 'poor' and 'bad' EQS based on dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Low dissolved oxygen, elevated temperature, salinity and ammonium, 'poor' EQS based on DIN, and potential bio-toxin-producing phytoplankton species characterized the FP prevalent areas, specifically during the dry season suggesting environmental stress pointing to the hypothesized connection between ecological and sea turtle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy A Oduor
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Eracoma Ltd, P.O. Box 48664, Nairobi, Kenya; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University (CAU), Germany.
| | - Cosmas N Munga
- Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Marine and Fisheries Programme, Technical University of Mombasa (TUM), P.O. Box 90420, 80100 Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Linet K Imbayi
- Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), P.O. Box 81651, 80100 Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Paul K Botwe
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Department of Biological, Environmental, and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ezekiel O Nyanjong
- Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), P.O. Box 81651, 80100 Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Charles M Muthama
- Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI), P.O. Box 81651, 80100 Mombasa, Kenya
| | | | - Nils Moosdorf
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University (CAU), Germany
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12
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Uddin MG, Nash S, Rahman A, Dabrowski T, Olbert AI. Data-driven modelling for assessing trophic status in marine ecosystems using machine learning approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117755. [PMID: 38008200 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Assessing eutrophication in coastal and transitional waters is of utmost importance, yet existing Trophic Status Index (TSI) models face challenges like multicollinearity, data redundancy, inappropriate aggregation methods, and complex classification schemes. To tackle these issues, we developed a novel tool that harnesses machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), enhancing the reliability and accuracy of trophic status assessments. Our research introduces an improved data-driven methodology specifically tailored for transitional and coastal (TrC) waters, with a focus on Cork Harbour, Ireland, as a case study. Our innovative approach, named the Assessment Trophic Status Index (ATSI) model, comprises three main components: the selection of pertinent water quality indicators, the computation of ATSI scores, and the implementation of a new classification scheme. To optimize input data and minimize redundancy, we employed ML techniques, including advanced deep learning methods. Specifically, we developed a CHL prediction model utilizing ten algorithms, among which XGBoost demonstrated exceptional performance, showcasing minimal errors during both training (RMSE = 0.0, MSE = 0.0, MAE = 0.01) and testing (RMSE = 0.0, MSE = 0.0, MAE = 0.01) phases. Utilizing a novel linear rescaling interpolation function, we calculated ATSI scores and evaluated the model's sensitivity and efficiency across diverse application domains, employing metrics such as R2, the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and the model efficiency factor (MEF). The results consistently revealed heightened sensitivity and efficiency across all application domains. Additionally, we introduced a brand new classification scheme for ranking the trophic status of transitional and coastal waters. To assess spatial sensitivity, we applied the ATSI model to four distinct waterbodies in Ireland, comparing trophic assessment outcomes with the Assessment of Trophic Status of Estuaries and Bays in Ireland (ATSEBI) System. Remarkably, significant disparities between the ATSI and ATSEBI System were evident in all domains, except for Mulroy Bay. Overall, our research significantly enhances the accuracy of trophic status assessments in marine ecosystems. The ATSI model, combined with cutting-edge ML techniques and our new classification scheme, represents a promising avenue for evaluating and monitoring trophic conditions in TrC waters. The study also demonstrated the effectiveness of ATSI in assessing trophic status across various waterbodies, including lakes, rivers, and more. These findings make substantial contributions to the field of marine ecosystem management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Galal Uddin
- School of Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland; Eco-HydroInformatics Research Group (EHIRG), Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland.
| | - Stephen Nash
- School of Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Azizur Rahman
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia; The Gulbali Institute of Agriculture, Water and Environment, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | | | - Agnieszka I Olbert
- School of Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Ireland; MaREI Research Centre, University of Galway, Ireland; Eco-HydroInformatics Research Group (EHIRG), Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Ireland
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13
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Garamszegi SP, Brzostowicki DJ, Coyne TM, Vontell RT, Davis DA. TDP-43 and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in the Brain of a Harbor Porpoise Exposed to the Cyanobacterial Toxin BMAA. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:42. [PMID: 38251257 PMCID: PMC10821503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans are well-regarded as sentinels for toxin exposure. Emerging studies suggest that cetaceans can also develop neuropathological changes associated with neurodegenerative disease. The occurrence of neuropathology makes cetaceans an ideal species for examining the impact of marine toxins on the brain across the lifespan. Here, we describe TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy and Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes in a beached harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) that was exposed to a toxin produced by cyanobacteria called β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). We found pathogenic TDP-43 cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons throughout the cerebral cortex, midbrain and brainstem. P62/sequestosome-1, responsible for the autophagy of misfolded proteins, was observed in the amygdala, hippocampus and frontal cortex. Genes implicated in AD and TDP-43 neuropathology such as APP and TARDBP were expressed in the brain. AD neuropathological changes such as amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, granulovacuolar degeneration and Hirano bodies were present in the hippocampus. These findings further support the development of progressive neurodegenerative disease in cetaceans and a potential causative link to cyanobacterial toxins. Climate change, nutrient pollution and industrial waste are increasing the frequency of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Cyanotoxins like BMAA that are associated with neurodegenerative disease pose an increasing public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna P. Garamszegi
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniel J. Brzostowicki
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Thomas M. Coyne
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Regina T. Vontell
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David A. Davis
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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14
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Li W, Baliu-Rodriguez D, Premathilaka SH, Thenuwara SI, Kimbrel JA, Samo TJ, Ramon C, Kiledal EA, Rivera SR, Kharbush J, Isailovic D, Weber PK, Dick GJ, Mayali X. Microbiome processing of organic nitrogen input supports growth and cyanotoxin production of Microcystis aeruginosa cultures. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae082. [PMID: 38718148 PMCID: PMC11126159 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient-induced blooms of the globally abundant freshwater toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis cause worldwide public and ecosystem health concerns. The response of Microcystis growth and toxin production to new and recycled nitrogen (N) inputs and the impact of heterotrophic bacteria in the Microcystis phycosphere on these processes are not well understood. Here, using microbiome transplant experiments, cyanotoxin analysis, and nanometer-scale stable isotope probing to measure N incorporation and exchange at single cell resolution, we monitored the growth, cyanotoxin production, and microbiome community structure of several Microcystis strains grown on amino acids or proteins as the sole N source. We demonstrate that the type of organic N available shaped the microbial community associated with Microcystis, and external organic N input led to decreased bacterial colonization of Microcystis colonies. Our data also suggest that certain Microcystis strains could directly uptake amino acids, but with lower rates than heterotrophic bacteria. Toxin analysis showed that biomass-specific microcystin production was not impacted by N source (i.e. nitrate, amino acids, or protein) but rather by total N availability. Single-cell isotope incorporation revealed that some bacterial communities competed with Microcystis for organic N, but other communities promoted increased N uptake by Microcystis, likely through ammonification or organic N modification. Our laboratory culture data suggest that organic N input could support Microcystis blooms and toxin production in nature, and Microcystis-associated microbial communities likely play critical roles in this process by influencing cyanobacterial succession through either decreasing (via competition) or increasing (via biotransformation) N availability, especially under inorganic N scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - David Baliu-Rodriguez
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Sanduni H Premathilaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Sharmila I Thenuwara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Kimbrel
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Ty J Samo
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Christina Ramon
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Erik Anders Kiledal
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States
| | - Sara R Rivera
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States
| | - Jenan Kharbush
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States
| | - Dragan Isailovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States
| | - Peter K Weber
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
| | - Gregory J Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States
| | - Xavier Mayali
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States
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15
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Wang C, Xu Y, Gu H, Luo Z, Luo Z, Su R. Potential geographical distribution of harmful algal blooms caused by the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi in the China Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167741. [PMID: 37827322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The fish-killing dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi frequently blooms in China and poses a threat to food safety and human health. To better understand harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by K. mikimotoi and predict the risk of HABs under climate change, the combined effect of nitrate and norfloxacin (NOR) on the growth of K. mikimotoi was tested. A growth model was used to test the effects of nutrients and pollutants on the carrying capacity of the unicellular algae. The carrying capacity increased with increasing concentrations of nitrate and NOR, reaching a maximum at 62.2 μmol L-1 of nitrate and 9.03 mg L-1 of NOR. The calculated carrying capacity of K. mikimotoi in the China Sea showed a declining trend from nearshore to offshore, with a value >30 × 106 cells L-1 in the estuary of the Changjiang River and Hangzhou Bay. The HAB index proposed in this study as a measurement of HAB risk was constructed using the carrying capacity and relative abundance from the MaxEnt (maximum entropy) model. The index showed that HABs caused by K. mikimotoi consecutively occurred in Zhejiang and Fujian coastal waters and predicted that they will continue until 2100, regardless of the greenhouse gas emission scenario. The center of the integrated area moved northward, with a range of 120-900 km. The HAB index integrates the characteristics of the carrying capacity and suitability of habitats, and expresses the information contained in the intensive and extensive variables that affect HAB occurrence. This index is a promising predictor of HAB risk in coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yiwen Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhaohe Luo
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhuhua Luo
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Rongguo Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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16
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Feng Y, Xiong Y, Hall-Spencer JM, Liu K, Beardall J, Gao K, Ge J, Xu J, Gao G. Shift in algal blooms from micro- to macroalgae around China with increasing eutrophication and climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17018. [PMID: 37937464 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of microalgal red tides and macroalgae (e.g., green and golden tides caused by Ulva and Sargassum) have caused widespread problems around China in recent years, but there is uncertainty around what triggers these blooms and how they interact. Here, we use 30 years of monitoring data to help answer these questions, focusing on the four main species of microalgae Prorocentrum donghaiense, Karenia mikimotoi, Noctiluca scintillans, and Skeletonema costatum) associated with red tides in the region. The frequency of red tides increased from 1991 to 2003 and then decreased until 2020, with S. costatum red tides exhibiting the highest rate of decrease. Green tides started to occur around China in 1999 and the frequency of green tides has since been on the increase. Golden tides were first reported to occur around China in 2012. The frequency of macroalgal blooms has a negative linear relationship with the frequency and coverage of red tides around China, and a positive correlation with total nitrogen and phosphorus loads as well as with atmospheric CO2 and sea surface temperature (SST). Increased outbreaks of macroalgal blooms are very likely due to worsening levels of eutrophication, combined with rising CO2 and SST, which contribute to the reduced frequency of red tides. The increasing grazing rate of microzooplankton also results in the decline in areas affected by red tides. This study shows a clear shift of algal blooms from microalgae to macroalgae around China over the past 30 years driven by the combination of eutrophication, climate change, and grazing stress, indicating a fundamental change in coastal systems in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yonglong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Marine Institute, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kailin Liu
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - John Beardall
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingke Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Juntian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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17
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Rzodkiewicz LD, Turcotte MM. Two duckweed species exhibit variable tolerance to microcystin-LR exposure across genotypic lineages. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 131:102548. [PMID: 38212081 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins produced by harmful cyanobacteria blooms can damage freshwater ecosystems and threaten human health. Floating macrophytes may be used as a means of biocontrol by limiting light and resources available to cyanobacteria. However, genetic variation in macrophyte sensitivity to cyanotoxins could influence their suitability as biocontrol agents. We investigated the influence of such intraspecific variation on the response of two rapidly growing duckweed species, Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza, often used in nutrient and metal bioremediation. We assessed two biomarkers related to productivity (biomass and chlorophyll A production) and two related to fitness measures (population size and growth rate). Fifteen genetic lineages of each species were grown in media containing common cyanotoxin microcystin-LR at ecologically relevant concentrations or control media for a period of twelve days. Genotype identity had a strong impact on all biomarker responses. Microcystin concentration slightly increased the final population sizes of both macrophyte species with a marginal effect on growth rate of L. minor and the chlorophyll A production of S. polyrhiza, but overall these species were very tolerant of microcystin. The strong tolerance supports the potential use of these plants as bioremediators of cyanobacterial blooms. However, differential impact of microcystin exposure discovered in single lineage models among genotypes indicates a potential for cyanotoxins to act as selective forces, necessitating attention to genotype selection for bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey D Rzodkiewicz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
| | - Martin M Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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18
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Brauge T, Mougin J, Ells T, Midelet G. Sources and contamination routes of seafood with human pathogenic Vibrio spp.: A Farm-to-Fork approach. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13283. [PMID: 38284576 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio spp., known human foodborne pathogens, thrive in freshwater, estuaries, and marine settings, causing vibriosis upon ingestion. The rising global vibriosis cases due to climate change necessitate a deeper understanding of Vibrio epidemiology and human transmission. This review delves into Vibrio contamination in seafood, scrutinizing its sources and pathways. We comprehensively assess the contamination of human-pathogenic Vibrio in the seafood chain, covering raw materials to processed products. A "Farm-to-Fork" approach, aligned with the One Health concept, is essential for grasping the complex nature of Vibrio contamination. Vibrio's widespread presence in natural and farmed aquatic environments establishes them as potential entry points into the seafood chain. Environmental factors, including climate, human activities, and wildlife, influence contamination sources and routes, underscoring the need to understand the origin and transmission of pathogens in raw seafood. Once within the seafood chain, the formation of protective biofilms on various surfaces in production and processing poses significant food safety risks, necessitating proper cleaning and disinfection to prevent microbial residue. In addition, inadequate seafood handling, from inappropriate processing procedures to cross-contamination via pests or seafood handlers, significantly contributes to Vibrio food contamination, thus warranting attention to reduce risks. Information presented here support the imperative for proactive measures, robust research, and interdisciplinary collaboration in order to effectively mitigate the risks posed by human pathogenic Vibrio contamination, safeguarding public health and global food security. This review serves as a crucial resource for researchers, industrials, and policymakers, equipping them with the knowledge to develop biosecurity measures associated with Vibrio-contaminated seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brauge
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne sur Mer, France
| | - Julia Mougin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timothy Ells
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Graziella Midelet
- ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne sur Mer, France
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19
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Liang W, Liu T, Wang Y, Jiao JJ, Gan J, He D. Spatiotemporal-aware machine learning approaches for dissolved oxygen prediction in coastal waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167138. [PMID: 37734612 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Coastal waters face increasing threats from hypoxia, which can have severe consequences for marine life and fisheries. This study aims to develop a machine learning approach for hypoxia monitoring by investigating the effectiveness of four tree-based models, considering spatiotemporal effects in model prediction, and adopting the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach for model interpretability, using the long-term climate and marine monitoring dataset in Tolo Harbour (Zone 1) and Mirs Bay (Zone 2), Hong Kong. The LightBoost model was found to be the most effective for predicting dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations using spatiotemporal datasets. Considering spatiotemporal effects improved the model's bottom DO prediction performance (R2 increase 0.30 in Zone1 and 0.68 in Zone 2), although the contributions from temporal and spatial factors varied depending on the complexity of physical and chemical processes. This study focused not only on error estimates but also on model interpretation. Using SHAP, we propose that hypoxia is largely influenced by hydrodynamics, but anthropogenic activities can increase the bias of systems, exacerbating chemical reactions and impacting DO levels. Additionally, the high relative importance of silicate (Zone 1:0.11 and Zone 2: 0.19) in the model suggests that terrestrial sources, particularly submarine groundwater discharge, are important factors influencing coastal hypoxia. This is the first machine learning effort to consider spatiotemporal effects in four dimensions to predict DO concentrations, and we believe it contributes to the development of a forecasting tool for alarming hypoxia, combining real-time data and machine learning models in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Liang
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tongcun Liu
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiu Jimmy Jiao
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianping Gan
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ding He
- Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Schulz G, van Beusekom JEE, Jacob J, Bold S, Schöl A, Ankele M, Sanders T, Dähnke K. Low discharge intensifies nitrogen retention in rivers - A case study in the Elbe River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166740. [PMID: 37659520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication due to excessive nutrient inputs is a major threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide, causing harmful algae blooms, seagrass loss and hypoxia. Decisions to combat eutrophication in the North Sea were made in the 1980s. Despite significant improvements during recent decades, high nitrogen loads and resulting eutrophication problems remain. In this study, long-term changes in nitrogen inputs to the Elbe Estuary (Germany) were characterized based on nitrogen data provided by the Elbe River Basin Community from 1985 to 2019. Additionally, surface water samples were taken at the weir separating the river from the estuary from 2011 to 2021 to characterize dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations and nitrate stable isotope composition. The findings suggest a close coupling of river discharge with the riverine nitrogen cycle. Nitrogen loads decreased disproportionately with decreasing discharge. This decrease is due to intensified nitrogen retention in the Elbe catchment, which can double nitrogen retention compared to average discharge conditions. Phytoplankton growth was enhanced by long residence times and high light availability at low water levels. This suggests that the recent decreases in nitrogen loads in the Elbe River were not only a result of management measures in the catchment but were also amplified by a recent long-lasting drought in the catchment. Based on projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, more frequent and extensive droughts are anticipated, which may lead to future seasonal shifts to nitrate limitation in the lower Elbe River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa Schulz
- Institute of Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany; Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Centre Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
| | | | - Juliane Jacob
- Center for Sustainable Research Data Management, University Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Sina Bold
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, Hamburg 20359, Germany
| | - Andreas Schöl
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz 56068, Germany
| | - Markus Ankele
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Centre Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Tina Sanders
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Centre Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Kirstin Dähnke
- Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Centre Hereon, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
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21
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Mueller JS, Grammel PJ, Bill N, Rohde S, Schupp PJ. Mass mortality event of the giant barrel sponge Xestospongia sp.: population dynamics and size distribution in Koh Phangan, Gulf of Thailand. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16561. [PMID: 38107566 PMCID: PMC10722979 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are prominent organisms of the benthic coral reef fauna, providing important ecosystem services. While there have been increasing reports that sponges are becoming one of the dominant benthic organisms in some locations and ecoregions (e.g. Caribbean), they can be impacted by changing environmental conditions. This study presents the first documentation of a mass mortality event of the barrel sponge Xestospongia sp. in the lower Gulf of Thailand and its consequences on population dynamics and size distribution. Two anthropogenic impacted reefs (Haad Khom and Mae Haad) of the island Koh Phangan and two anthropogenic non-impacted reefs of the islands Koh Yippon and Hin Yippon within the Mu Ko Ang Thong Marine National Park were surveyed in the years 2015 and 2016. The results showed a strong shift in population densities at Koh Phangan. Fatal "bleaching" ending up in mass mortality was observed for these reefs in 2015. Xestospongia sp. abundance decreased from 2015 to 2016 by 80.6% at Haad Khom and by 98.4% at Mae Haad. Sponges of all sizes were affected, and mortality occurred regardless of the survey depth (4 and 6 m). However, Xestospongia population densities in the Marine Park were at a constant level during the surveys. The abundances in 2015 were 65% higher at the Marine Park than at Koh Phangan and 92% higher in 2016. The most likely causes of the mass mortality event was a local harmful algal bloom event, pathogens, undetected local higher water temperatures, or a combination of these factors, whereas sea surface temperature analyses showed no marine heatwave during the observed mass mortality event in 2015. Considering the ecological importance of sponges such as Xestospongia sp., long-term monitoring of reefs and their environmental parameters should be implemented to prevent such mass die-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin S. Mueller
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Center for Oceanic Research and Education (CORE sea), Chaloklum, Koh Phangan, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Paul-Jannis Grammel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Center for Oceanic Research and Education (CORE sea), Chaloklum, Koh Phangan, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Nicolas Bill
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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22
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Besiktepe S, Kucuksezgin F, Besiktepe ST, Eronat C, Gonul T, Kurt TT, Sayın E, Gubanova A. Variations in copepod composition and diversity in relation to eutrophication and hydrology in İzmir Bay, Aegean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115745. [PMID: 37976588 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyrographic and trophic gradient along Izmir Bay used to assess their effects on the copepod composition and diversity. Trophic state of the bay varied from oligotrophic in the outer region to hypertrophic condition in the inner region as stated by trophic index (TRIX). Aegean Sea water entrance and trophic conditions of the bay affected species assemblages. Oithona davisae, Oithona nana and Acartia clausi were associated with hyper-eutrophic conditions whereas the typical Aegean Sea species, such as Oncaea media group, Oithona similis, Paracalanus parvus, A. clausi, Farranula rostrata and Calocalanus styliremis were related to oligotrophic condition. Copepod diversity indices decreased linearly along the trophic gradient, from oligotrophic to hyper-eutrophic conditions, highlighting the substantial impact of eutrophication on the copepod community structure in the inner region. These findings emphasize TRIX's value in assessing eutrophication in anthropized systems, and immense potential for using copepod composition and diversity in monitoring programs for ecological assessments studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengul Besiktepe
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Haydar Aliyev Ave. No. 32, 35340 Inciraltı, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Filiz Kucuksezgin
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Haydar Aliyev Ave. No. 32, 35340 Inciraltı, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sukru Turan Besiktepe
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Haydar Aliyev Ave. No. 32, 35340 Inciraltı, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Canan Eronat
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Haydar Aliyev Ave. No. 32, 35340 Inciraltı, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tolga Gonul
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Haydar Aliyev Ave. No. 32, 35340 Inciraltı, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tuba Terbıyık Kurt
- Çukurova University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Marine Biology, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Erdem Sayın
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Haydar Aliyev Ave. No. 32, 35340 Inciraltı, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Alexandra Gubanova
- A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimov Prospekt, 2, 299011 Sevastopol, Russia
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23
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Mukarugwiro JA, Newete SW, Nsanganwimana F, Byrne MJ. Water turbidity affects the establishment of Neochetina eichhorniae (Warner) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Implications for biological control of water hyacinth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116946. [PMID: 37619631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Water hyacinth is the target of nine biological control agents in South Africa including Neochetina eichhorniae (Warner) and Neochetina bruchi (Hustache) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). These two weevils have also been released against water hyacinth in Rwanda, but failed to control the weed invasion, possibly due to high turbidity in the country's water bodies. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effect of water turbidity on the establishment and performance of N. eichhorniae in Rwanda. Turbidity levels were measured over two seasons in four Rwandan rivers and two lakes. The results were then used to benchmark laboratory trials to test the effect of turbidity on the weevils' development. Water hyacinth plants were maintained at four turbidity levels: Clear water (2 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU): low (85 NTU), medium (600 NTU) and high (1500 NTU). Each treatment plant was inoculated with three N. eichhorniae larvae, while control plants were free of larvae. Plant growth was measured weekly for three months, while adult weevil emergence was recorded from the 56th day of the experiment. The number of adults emerging from the treatment plants grown in the clear water, low, medium and high turbidity levels were 24, 21, 12 and 0, respectively. Larval feeding was greater on plants growing in clear water and the low turbidity, compared to the medium and high turbidity treatments. These results indicate that N. eichhorniae may not establish or perform well in water bodies with high levels of turbidity, which in turn enhances the growth of water hyacinth, allowing compensatory growth for weevil feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mukarugwiro
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences (APES), University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), South Africa
| | - S W Newete
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences (APES), University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resource and Engineering (ARC-NRE), Geo-Information Science Division, Arcadia, Private Bag X79, Pretoria, 0008, South Africa.
| | | | - M J Byrne
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences (APES), University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB), South Africa; DSI-NRF Centre of Excellent for Invasion Biology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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24
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Cao J, Hou ZY, Li ZK, Zheng BH, Chu ZS. Spatiotemporal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and community succession for driving factors in a meso-eutrophic lake. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118693. [PMID: 37598495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Effects of climate change and nutrient load caused by human activities on lake phytoplankton blooms have attracted much attention globally. However, their roles and synergistic effects on phytoplankton biomass and community historical succession are not well understood, especially for meso-eutrophic plateau lakes. In this study, a multi-year (1997-2022) monthly dataset including hydro-chemical and meteorological indicators of the meso-eutrophic plateau lake Erhai in China, was used to explore the contributions of climate change and nutrients on phytoplankton biomass variation and community succession. Phytoplankton biomass increased from 1997 to 2006, slowly decreased from 2006 to 2015, then increased again from 2015 to 2022, according to a generalised additive model (GAM). Alongside warming, nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter are key drivers of long-term interannual variation in phytoplankton biomass and historical succession of the phytoplankton community. The extensive blooms in recent years were strongly associated with both organic matter accumulation and global warming. Phytoplankton biomass in northern and southern districts was greater than in central areas, with Cyanophyta and Pyrrophyta dominating in the north and Chlorophyta prevalent in the south. Since 2015, phytoplankton diversity has increased significantly, and biomass has declined in the southern district but increased markedly in the northern district. Spatial heterogeneity was caused by the spatial distribution of nutrients and the buoyancy regulation capacity of cyanobacteria. The results demonstrate that bloom mitigation responds strongly to nitrogen and phosphorus control in meso-eutrophic lakes, therefore preventing and controlling blooms through nitrogen and phosphorus reduction is still an effective measure. Given the accumulation of organic matter in recent years, synergistic control of organic matter and total nitrogen and phosphorus could effectively reduce the risk of cyanobacterial and dinoflagellate blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ze-Ying Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Ze-Kun Li
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Dali Prefecture, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Bing-Hui Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhao-Sheng Chu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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25
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Zhang A, Wang Y, Li Y, Tan Y, Liu P, Lv X, Lei K. Multiple isotopes reveal the driving forces of nitrogen cycling from freshwater to brackish water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165396. [PMID: 37437639 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Rivers play a crucial role in global nitrogen (N) cycling, but revealing the driving mechanism of N cycling remains challenging because of the complex natural background gradients. The Qiantang River Basin provides an opportunity to elucidate the driving mechanism due to the complex climatic and hydrological conditions. In this study, the multiple stable isotopes suggested that the conservative mixing of two end members was insufficient to explain the complex behavior of N in both seasons. In-soil processes were the primary N cycling processes that controlled riverine N loading during the wet season, whereas in-stream N biological transformation processes (nitrification and assimilation) were more prevalent during the dry season. The results of MixSIAR revealed that soil sources (soil N and N fertilizer) contributed the most to NO3- during the wet season, accounting for 64.3 %, followed by manure and sewage (31.6 %) and atmospheric precipitation (4.1 %). During the dry season, manure and sewage were the predominant contributors to NO3- (52.1 %), followed by soil N (26.6 %), N fertilizer (18.8 %), and atmospheric precipitation (2.5 %). The relationships between d-excess and δ15N-NH4+ or δ15N-NO3- suggested that both climatic and hydrological conditions would be the driving forces regulating the N transportation and transformation in this basin, leading to the high spatiotemporal heterogeneity in N loading and isotopic compositions. In the wet season, precipitation patterns served as the primary driving forces regulating in-soil biological processes and soil leaching. While the hydrological conditions, especially water residence time, were the crucial factors controlling in-stream biological processes during the dry season. This study elucidates N sources, biotransformation processes, and their driving forces from freshwater to brackish water, which has applications for understanding the N fate from terrene to ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; Key Lab of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Lab of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yingyu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Eco-Environmental Science Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, PR China
| | - Pengxia Liu
- Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center of Taihu Basin & East China Sea Ecology and Environment Supervision Authority, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xubo Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Kun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
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26
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Gianella F, Burrows MT, Davidson K. The relationship between salmon (Salmo salar) farming and cell abundance of harmful algal taxa. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 129:102512. [PMID: 37951607 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nutrient effluents from fish cage aquaculture are an important eutrophication concern. It has been proposed that marine fish farm derived nutrients have the potential to increase phytoplankton abundance and lead to intensification of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), and that these blooms may negatively impact both the finfish and the shellfish industry. This study addressed this hypothesis using farmed salmon biomass in Scottish marine waters (as a proxy for nutrient load added to the water column as a consequence of fish farming) cell abundance of HAB taxa that most frequently impact shellfish farms and human health in the region (Dinophysis spp., Alexandrium spp. and Pseudo-nitzschia spp.), and cell abundance of one phytoplankton species of particular concern to the salmon farming industry (Karenia mikimotoi). Data from a 15-year weekly HAB monitoring programme and parallel national monitoring data relating to salmon farm stocking biomass were summarised in 5 km per 5 km aggregation boxes. Linear regression models were used to assess (i) inter-annual variation in cell abundance and total annual farmed salmon biomass; (ii) intra-annual (monthly) variation in harmful phytoplankton cell abundance and salmon biomass; (iii) a further analysis included seasonal effects within the intra-annual analysis. Farmed salmon biomass alone had a non-significant effect on cell abundance of any of the studied phytoplankton taxa. In contrast, a significant effect on cell abundance was found when using location, month or season as the predictive variable. Despite the non-significant impact of fish biomass on phytoplankton counts, the relationship varied seasonally, with a different response of Dinophysis spp. indicating a taxa specific interaction. A possible explanation for the lack of a significant relationship between farmed salmon and harmful phytoplankton cell abundance is that aquaculture farms are generally located in hydrodynamically energetic locations where recurrent flushing likely allows efficient dilution of nutrients. Overall, the analyses suggest that current levels of salmon farming activities do not markedly impact the abundance of routinely monitored biotoxin producing or fish killing phytoplankton taxa in Scottish waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Gianella
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael T Burrows
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Davidson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, United Kingdom
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27
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Jackrel SL, White JD, Perez-Coronel E, Koch RY. Selection for oligotrophy among bacteria inhabiting host microbiomes. mBio 2023; 14:e0141523. [PMID: 37646528 PMCID: PMC10653850 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01415-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Understanding how natural selection has historically shaped the traits of microbial populations comprising host microbiomes would help predict how the functions of these microbes may continue to evolve over space and time. Numerous host-associated microbes have been found to adapt to their host, sometimes becoming obligate symbionts, whereas free-living microbes are best known to adapt to their surrounding environment. Our study assessed the selective pressures of both the host environment and the surrounding external environment in shaping the functional potential of host-associated bacteria. Despite residing within the resource-rich microbiome of their hosts, we demonstrate that host-associated heterotrophic bacteria show evidence of trait selection that matches the nutrient availability of their broader surrounding environment. These findings illustrate the complex mix of selective pressures that likely shape the present-day function of bacteria found inhabiting host microbiomes. Our study lends insight into the shifts in function that may occur as environments fluctuate over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Jackrel
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. White
- Department of Biology, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisabet Perez-Coronel
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ryan Y. Koch
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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28
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Jin L, Chen H, Matsuzaki SIS, Shinohara R, Wilkinson DM, Yang J. Tipping points of nitrogen use efficiency in freshwater phytoplankton along trophic state gradient. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 245:120639. [PMID: 37774538 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms have severe effects on water quality and biodiversity in lakes and reservoirs. Ecological regime shifts of phytoplankton blooms are generally thought to be driven by the rapidly rising nutrient use efficiency of bloom-forming species over short periods, and often exhibit nonlinear dynamics. Regime shifts of trophic state, eutrophication, stratification, and clear or turbid waters are well-studied topics in aquatic ecology. However, information on the prevalence of regime shifts in relationships between trophic states and phytoplankton resource transfer efficiencies in ecosystems is still lacking. Here, we provided a first insight into regime shifts in nitrogen use efficiency of phytoplankton along the trophic state gradient. We explored the regime shifts of phytoplankton resource use efficiency and detected the tipping points by combining four temporal or spatial datasets from tropical to temperate zones in Asia and Europe. We first observed significant abrupt transitions (abruptness > 1) in phytoplankton nitrogen use efficiency along the trophic state gradient. The tipping point values were lower in subtropical/tropical waterbodies (mesotrophic states; TSIc: around 50) than those in temperate zones (eutrophic states; TSIc: 60-70). The regime shifts significantly reduced the primary production transfer efficiency via zooplankton (from 0.15 ± 0.03 to 0.03 ± 0.01; mean ± standard error) in the aquatic food web. Nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria can drive eutrophication under mesotrophic state. Our findings imply that the time-window of opportunity for harmful algae prevention and control in lakes and reservoirs is earlier in subtropical/tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jin
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huihuang Chen
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shin-Ichiro S Matsuzaki
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Shinohara
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - David M Wilkinson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Jun Yang
- Aquatic EcoHealth Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Yuan Z, Liu M, Su Z, Xu H, Liu C, Lu L, Wang L, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Rao Y. Designing a cercosporin-bioinspired bifunctional algicide with flocculation and photocatalysis for efficiently controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132110. [PMID: 37487335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) are spreading in freshwater ecosystems worldwide, adversely affecting drinking water supplies, aquatic production, recreational and tourism activities. Therefore, the efficient and environmentally friendly method is still of interest to be developed to effectively control HCBs. Inspired by the excellent algicidal activity of cercosporin (CP), a novel metal-free algaecide SiO2@EDU@CP (EDU, N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)urea) with flocculation and photoremoval functions, was successfully designed and prepared in one-step to simultaneously introduce CP and EDU on SiO2 nanoparticles. It could rapidly form algae flocs in 20 min with 97.1% flocculation rate, and remove Microcystis aeruginosa within 12 h with 91.0% algicidal rate under 23 W compact fluorescent light irradiation without any leaked CP detected. Additionally, odorant β-cyclocitral and toxin microcystin-LR were both photodegraded after treatment of SiO2@EDU@CP. Further mechanistic studies showed that the introduction of EDU significantly reversed the zeta potential of SiO2-COOH to achieve the flocculation through neutral charge, and the photophysical characterization of SiO2@EDU@CP revealed the improved charge separation ability to generate reactive oxygen species. More importantly, the utility of SiO2@EDU@CP was well demonstrated by its effectiveness for algae from Taihu Lake under natural sunlight and inability to regrow after treatment. This study not only establishes a bifunctional algicide SiO2@EDU@CP to efficiently control HCBs, but also provides design possibilities to develop more novel and efficient algicides for the better control of practical HCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Meiling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zengping Su
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Huibin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Changmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Liushen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yijian Rao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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30
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Chen W, Wang X, Yang S. Response of phytoplankton community structure to environmental changes in the coastal areas of northern China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115300. [PMID: 37659389 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed high-frequency data pertaining to phytoplankton and environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay from December 10, 2004, to December 10, 2005 and from July 26, 2020, to August 1, 2021. Compared with 2004-2005, the abundance of phytoplankton during 2020-2021 presented a "two-peak pattern" of annual variation, and the number of species decreased significantly. The ecological types were dominated by eurythermal species, while cold-water species declined. The overall abundance showed a downward trend, and the peak period moved to a time with lower water temperature. This could be attributed to the increase in sea surface temperature. The increase in water temperature and intensification of eutrophication made the emergence of dominant species more inclined to be single; the diversity and stability of the community structure decreased. Generalized additive model (GAM) and network analysis showed that temperature was the main driving factor influencing the phytoplankton community structure, especially during the peak period. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus were important factors influencing species composition and competitive advantage of phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Chen
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiajie Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shimin Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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31
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Qin H, Sandrini G, Piel T, Slot PC, Huisman J, Visser PM. The harmful cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 is more resistant to hydrogen peroxide at elevated CO 2. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 128:102482. [PMID: 37714576 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 can intensify harmful cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic lakes. Worldwide, these blooms are an increasing environmental concern. Low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have been proposed as a short-term but eco-friendly approach to selectively mitigate cyanobacterial blooms. However, sensitivity of cyanobacteria to H2O2 can vary depending on the available resources. To find out how cyanobacteria respond to H2O2 under elevated CO2, Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 was cultured in chemostats with nutrient-replete medium under C-limiting and C-replete conditions (150 ppm and 1500 ppm CO2, respectively). Microcystis chemostats exposed to high CO2 showed higher cell densities, biovolumes, and microcystin contents, but a lower photosynthetic efficiency and pH compared to the cultures grown under low CO2. Subsamples of the chemostats were treated with different concentrations of H2O2 (0-10 mg·L-1 H2O2) in batch cultures under two different light intensities (15 and 100 μmol photons m-2·s-1) and the response in photosynthetic vitality was monitored during 24 h. Results showed that Microcystis was more resistant to H2O2 at elevated CO2 than under carbon-limited conditions. Both low and high CO2-adapted cells were more sensitive to H2O2 at high light than at low light. Microcystins (MCs) leaked out of the cells of cultures exposed to 2-10 mg·L-1 H2O2, while the sum of intra- and extracellular MCs decreased. Although both H2O2 and CO2 concentrations in lakes vary in response to many factors, these results imply that it may become more difficult to suppress cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic lakes when atmospheric CO2 concentrations continue to rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Giovanni Sandrini
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Technology & Sources, Evides Water Company, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Piel
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Slot
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra M Visser
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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Gopalakrishnan KK, Kashian DR. Complex interactions among temperature, microplastics and cyanobacteria may facilitate cyanobacteria proliferation and microplastic deposition. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115259. [PMID: 37473702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are a global concern prone to causing environmental and economic damages and are tightly linked to anthropogenic nutrient inputs. Likewise, microplastic pollution has also become globally ubiquitous inevitably co-occurring with blooms. However, little is known on how microplastics influence cyanobacterial physiologically and how potential physiological changes can affect their buoyancy, ultimately impacting their fate, and transport, including deposition during bloom events. Interactions of environmental relevant concentrations of high-density polyethylene microplastics (MPs) (0-0.4 mg/mL) and temperatures (2.5-32.5 °C) were evaluated to assess the effects of MPs on interactions of cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis's growth, total organic carbon concentrations, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production, and MP deposition. Microplastics both stimulated and inhibited A. variabilis growth depending on the concentration. Lower MPs concentrations (0.1-0.2 mg/L) increased A. variabilis growth while higher MP concentrations (>0.3 mg/mL) impeded it across all temperatures studied. Carbon sources leached from MPs may have been a contributing factor to the increased growth at lower MPs concentration, while higher MPs concentration potentially shaded A. variabilis inhibiting its growth. Shading may have induced stress which corresponded with an observed increase in EPS production by A. variabilis when exposed to MP. Extracellular polymeric substances generation activated under adverse circumstances (MPs 0.4 mg/mL) enhanced MP deposition. Overall, our findings indicate that MPs play an important role in cyanobacterial blooms, and that these blooms may enhance MPs deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donna R Kashian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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33
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Dong H, Aziz MT, Richardson SD. Transformation of Algal Toxins during the Oxidation/Disinfection Processes of Drinking Water: From Structure to Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12944-12957. [PMID: 37603687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
With the increase of algal blooms worldwide, drinking water resources are threatened by the release of various algal toxins, which can be hepatotoxic, cytotoxic, or neurotoxic. Because of their ubiquitous occurrence in global waters and incomplete removal in conventional drinking water treatment, oxidation/disinfection processes have become promising alternative treatment options to destroy both the structures and toxicity of algal toxins. This Review first summarizes the occurrence and regulation of algal toxins in source water and drinking water. Then, the transformation kinetics, disinfection byproducts (DBPs)/transformation products (TPs), pathways, and toxicity of algal toxins in water oxidation/disinfection processes, including treatment by ozonation, chlorination, chloramination, ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation process, and permanganate, are reviewed. For most algal toxins, hydroxyl radicals (HO•) exhibit the highest oxidation rate, followed by ozone and free chlorine. Under practical applications, ozone and chlorine can degrade most algal toxins to meet water quality standards. However, the transformation of the parent structures of algal toxins by oxidation/disinfection processes does not guarantee a reduction in toxicity, and the formation of toxic TPs should also be considered, especially during chlorination. Notably, the toxicity variation of algal toxins is associated with the chemical moiety responsible for toxicity (e.g., Adda moiety in microcystin-LR and uracil moiety in cylindrospermopsin). Moreover, the formation of known halogenated DBPs after chlorination indicates that toxicity in drinking water may shift from toxicity contributed by algal toxins to toxicity contributed by DBPs. To achieve the simultaneous toxicity reduction of algal toxins and their TPs, optimized oxidation/disinfection processes are warranted in future research, not only for meeting water quality standards but also for effective reduction of toxicity of algal toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Md Tareq Aziz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Chen Y, Xue J, Feng W, Du J, Wu H. Bloom forming species transported by ballast water under the management of D-1 and D-2 standards-Implications for current ballast water regulations. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115391. [PMID: 37586266 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Ballast water (BW) is a well-known transporter for introducing non-indigenous aquatic organisms. To reduce such risks associated with BW discharge, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention). We examined the abundance and diversity of bloom forming species in BW under the management of Regulation D-1 Ballast Water Exchange Standard and D-2 Ballast Water Performance Standard. The abundance and richness of bloom forming species were also examined in relation to ballast water age. Our findings indicate the abundance and diversity of bloom forming species were significantly lower in BW under the management of D-2 standard than that under D-1 standard. The abundance and richness represent no statistically significant correlation with BW age (p = 0.76 and p = 0.43, respectively). Some resistant species persist in ballast water. Thereby, we further provide some advice to overcome the existing challenges for the implementation of the Regulation D-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Chen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on the Ecological Security of Ports and Shipping, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Junzeng Xue
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on the Ecological Security of Ports and Shipping, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Wei Feng
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on the Ecological Security of Ports and Shipping, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jiansen Du
- Qingdao International Travel Healthcare Center, Qingdao Customs District P. R. China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huixian Wu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Centre for Research on the Ecological Security of Ports and Shipping, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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35
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Lai C, Ma Z, Liu Z, Sun H, Yu Q, Xia F, He X, Bao Q, Han Y, Liu X, He H. Alleviating eutrophication by reducing the abundance of Cyanophyta due to dissolved inorganic carbon fertilization: Insights from Erhai Lake, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 131:68-83. [PMID: 37225382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The eutrophication of lakes is a global environmental problem. Regulating nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on phytoplankton is considered to be the most important basis of lake eutrophication management. Therefore, the effects of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on phytoplankton and its role in mitigating lake eutrophication have often been overlooked. In this study, the relationships between phytoplankton and DIC concentrations, carbon isotopic composition, nutrients (N and P), and hydrochemistry in the Erhai Lake (a karst lake) were investigated. The results showed that when the dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2(aq)) concentrations in the water were higher than 15 µmol/L, the productivity of phytoplankton was controlled by the concentrations of TP and TN, especially by that of TP. When the N and P were sufficient and the CO2(aq) concentrations were lower than 15 µmol/L, the phytoplankton productivity was controlled by the concentrations of TP and DIC, especially by that of DIC. Additionally, DIC significantly affected the composition of the phytoplankton community in the lake (p<0.05). When the CO2(aq) concentrations were higher than 15 µmol/L, the relative abundance of Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta was much higher than those of harmful Cyanophyta. Thus, high concentrations of CO2(aq) can inhibit harmful Cyanophyta blooms. During lake eutrophication, when controlling N and P, an appropriate increase in CO2(aq) concentrations by land-use changes or pumping of industrial CO2 into water may reduce the proportion of harmful Cyanophyta and promote the growth of Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta, which may provide effectively assist in mitigating water quality deterioration in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zaihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Hailong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Qingchun Yu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuejun He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; Sichuan Normal University Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest China of Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yongqiang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, CAS, Guiyang 550081, China
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36
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Chan WH, Fung BSB, Tsang DHK, Lo IMC. A freshwater algae classification system based on machine learning with StyleGAN2-ADA augmentation for limited and imbalanced datasets. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120409. [PMID: 37572457 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Automated algae classification using machine learning is a more efficient and effective solution compared to manual classification, which can be tedious and time-consuming. However, the practical application of such a classification approach is restricted by the scarcity of labeled freshwater algae datasets, especially for rarer algae. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes to generate artificial algal images with StyleGAN2-ADA and use both the generated and real images to train machine-learning-driven algae classification models. This approach significantly enhances the performance of classification models, particularly in their ability to identify rare algae. Overall, the proposed approach improves the F1-score of lightweight MobileNetV3 classification models covering all 20 freshwater algae covered in this research from 88.4% to 96.2%, while for the models that cover only the rarer algae, the experiments show an improvement from 80% to 96.5% in terms of F1-score. The results show that the approach enables the trained algae classification systems to effectively cover algae with limited image data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hin Chan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin S B Fung
- Internet of Things Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Danny H K Tsang
- Internet of Things Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Sai Kung, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Internet of Things Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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37
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Boucher C, Lacour T, Julie A, Damien R, Juel HP, Francis M. Mixotrophic lifestyle of the ichthyotoxic haptophyte, Prymnesium parvum, offered different sources of phosphorus. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 127:102483. [PMID: 37544668 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Many harmful algae are mixoplanktonic, i.e. they combine phototrophy and phagotrophy, and this ability may explain their ecological success, especially when environmental conditions are not optimal for autotrophic growth. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted with the mixotrophic and ichthyotoxic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum (strain CCAP 946/6) to test the effects of phosphorus (P) sufficiency and deficiency on its growth rate, phagotrophic and lytic activities. P-deficient P. parvum cultures were grown without or with addition of P in the form of inorganic phosphorus (nutrients) and/or living algal prey (i.e. the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia). The ingestion rate of P. parvum and prey mortality rate were calculated using flow cytometry measurements based on pigment-derived-fluorescence to distinguish between prey, predators and digesting predators. The first aim of the study was to develop a method taking into account the rate of digestion, allowing the calculation of ingestion rates over a two-week period. Growth rates of P. parvum were higher in the treatments with live prey, irrespective of the concentration of inorganic P, and maximum growth rates were found when both inorganic and organic P in form of prey were added (0.79 ± 0.07 d-1). In addition, the mortality rate of T. amphioxeia induced by lytic compounds was 0.2 ± 0.02 d-1 in the P-deficient treatment, while no mortality was observed under P-sufficiency in the present experiments. This study also revealed the mortality due to cell lysis exceeded that of prey ingestion. Therefore, additional experiments were conducted with lysed prey cells. When grown with debris from prey cells, the mean growth rate of P. parvum was similar to monocultures without additions of prey debris (0.30 ± 0.1 vs. 0.38 ± 0.03 d-1), suggesting that P. parvum is able to grow on prey debris, but not as fast as with live prey. These results provide the first quantitative evidence over two weeks of experiment that ingestion of organic P in the form of living prey and/or debris of prey plays an important role in P. parvum growth and may explain its ecological success in a nutrient-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Boucher
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, Rue de l'Île d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - Thomas Lacour
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, Rue de l'Île d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - André Julie
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, Rue de l'Île d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Réveillon Damien
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, Rue de l'Île d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Hansen Per Juel
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biology, Marine Biological Section, Strandpromenaden 5, 3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Mairet Francis
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, Rue de l'Île d'Yeu, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
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38
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Louati I, Nunan N, Tambosco K, Bernard C, Humbert JF, Leloup J. The phyto-bacterioplankton couple in a shallow freshwater ecosystem: Who leads the dance? HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 126:102436. [PMID: 37290884 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bloom-forming phytoplankton dynamics are still unpredictable, even though it is known that several abiotic factors, such as nutrient availability and temperature, are key factors for bloom development. We investigated whether biotic factors, i.e. the bacterioplankton composition (via 16SrDNA metabarcoding), were correlated with phytoplankton dynamics, through a weekly monitoring of a shallow lake known to host recurrent cyanobacterial blooms. We detected concomitant changes in both bacterial and phytoplankton community biomass and diversity. During the bloom event, a significant decrease in phytoplankton diversity, was detected, with a first co-dominance of Ceratium, Microcystis and Aphanizomenon, followed by a co-dominance of the two cyanobacterial genera. In the same time, we observed a decrease of the particle-associated (PA) bacterial richness and the emergence of a specific bacterial consortium that was potentially better adapted to the new nutritional niche. Unexpectedly, changes in PA bacterial communities occurred just before the development the emergence of the phytoplanktonic bloom and the associated modification of the phytoplanktonic community composition, suggesting that changes in environmental conditions leading to the bloom, were first sensed by the bacterial PA community. This last was quite stable throughout the bloom event, even though there were changes in the blooming species, suggesting that the association between cyanobacterial species and bacterial communities may not be as tight as previously described for monospecific blooming communities. Finally, the dynamics of the free-living (FL) bacterial communities displayed a different trajectory from those of the PA and phytoplankton communities. This FL communities can be viewed as a reservoir for bacterial recruitment for the PA fraction. Altogether, these data also highlight s that the spatial organization within these different microenvironments in the water column is a relevant factor in the structuring of these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Louati
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7618 CNRS-INRA- RD-Paris Cité-UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), 4 place Jussieu, Paris cedex 05 75252, France
| | - Naoise Nunan
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7618 CNRS-INRA- RD-Paris Cité-UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), 4 place Jussieu, Paris cedex 05 75252, France; Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, Uppsala 75007, Sweden
| | - Kevin Tambosco
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7618 CNRS-INRA- RD-Paris Cité-UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), 4 place Jussieu, Paris cedex 05 75252, France
| | - Cécile Bernard
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN, Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Humbert
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7618 CNRS-INRA- RD-Paris Cité-UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), 4 place Jussieu, Paris cedex 05 75252, France
| | - Julie Leloup
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7618 CNRS-INRA- RD-Paris Cité-UPEC, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), 4 place Jussieu, Paris cedex 05 75252, France.
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Sobieraj J, Metelski D. Insights into Toxic Prymnesium parvum Blooms as a Cause of the Ecological Disaster on the Odra River. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:403. [PMID: 37368703 PMCID: PMC10302719 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2022, Poland and Germany experienced a prolonged and extensive mass fish kill in the Odra River. During the period from the end of July to the beginning of September 2022, a high level of incidental disease and mortality was observed in various fish species (dozens of different species were found dead). The fish mortality affected five Polish provinces (Silesia, Opole, Lower Silesia, Lubuskie, and Western Pomerania) and involved reservoir systems covering most of the river (the Odra River is 854 km long, of which 742 km are in Poland). Fatal cases were investigated using toxicological, anatomopathological, and histopathological tests. Water samples were collected to determine nutrient status in the water column, phytoplankton biomass, and community composition. High nutrient concentrations indicated high phytoplankton productivity, with favorable conditions for golden algal blooms. The harmful toxins (prymnesins secreted by Prymnesium parvum habitats) had not been found in Poland before, but it was only a matter of time, especially in the Odra River, whose waters are permanently saline and still used for navigation. The observed fish mortality resulted in a 50% decrease in the fish population in the river and affected mainly cold-blooded species. Histopathological examinations of fish showed acute damage to the most perfused organs (gills, spleen, kidneys). The disruption to hematopoietic processes and damage to the gills were due to the action of hemolytic toxins (prymnesins). An evaluation of the collected hydrological, meteorological, biological, and physico-chemical data on the observed spatio-temporal course of the catastrophe, as well as the detection of three compounds from the group of B-type prymnesins in the analyzed material (the presence of prymnesins was confirmed using an analysis of the fragmentation spectrum and the accurate tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) measurement, in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), allowed the formulation and subsequent testing of the hypothesis for a direct link between the observed fish mortality and the presence of prymnesins in the Odra River. This article systematizes what is known about the causes of the fish kill in the Odra River in 2022, based on official government reports (one Polish and one German) and the EU technical report by the Joint Research Centre. A review and critical analysis of government findings (Polish and German) on this disaster were conducted in the context of what is known to date about similar cases of mass fish kills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Sobieraj
- Department of Building Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominik Metelski
- Research Group SEJ-609 “AMIKO”, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Campus de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Yu L, Li T, Li H, Ma M, Li L, Lin S. In Situ Molecular Ecological Analyses Illuminate Distinct Factors Regulating Formation and Demise of a Harmful Dinoflagellate Bloom. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0515722. [PMID: 37074171 PMCID: PMC10269597 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05157-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and demise of a harmful algal bloom (HAB) are generally regulated by multiple processes; identifying specific critical drivers for a specific bloom is important yet challenging. Here, we conducted a whole-assemblage molecular ecological study on a dinoflagellate bloom to address the hypothesis that energy and nutrient acquisition, defense against grazing and microbial attacks, and sexual reproduction are critical to the rise and demise of the bloom. Microscopic and molecular analyses identified the bloom-causing species as Karenia longicanalis and showed that the ciliate Strombidinopsis sp. was dominant in a nonbloom plankton community, whereas the diatom Chaetoceros sp. dominated the after-bloom community, along with remarkable shifts in the community structure for both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Metatranscriptomic analysis indicated that heightened energy and nutrient acquisition in K. longicanalis significantly contributed to bloom development. In contrast, active grazing by the ciliate Strombidinopsis sp. and attacks by algicidal bacteria (Rhodobacteracea, Cryomorphaceae, and Rhodobacteracea) and viruses prevented (at nonbloom stage) or collapsed the bloom (in after-bloom stage). Additionally, nutrition competition by the Chaetoceros diatoms plausibly contributed to bloom demise. The findings suggest the importance of energy and nutrients in promoting this K. longicanalis bloom and the failure of antimicrobial defense and competition of diatoms as the major bloom suppressor and terminator. This study provides novel insights into bloom-regulating mechanisms and the first transcriptomic data set of K. longicanalis, which will be a valuable resource and essential foundation for further elucidation of bloom regulators of this and related species of Kareniaceae in the future. IMPORTANCE HABs have increasingly occurred and impacted human health, aquatic ecosystems, and coastal economies. Despite great efforts, the factors that drive the development and termination of a bloom are poorly understood, largely due to inadequate in situ data about the physiology and metabolism of the causal species and the community. Using an integrative molecular ecological approach, we determined that heightened energy and nutrient acquisition promoted the bloom, while resource allocation in defense and failure to defend against grazing and microbial attacks likely prevented or terminated the bloom. Our findings reveal the differential roles of multiple abiotic and biotic environmental factors in driving the formation or demise of a toxic dinoflagellate bloom, suggesting the importance of a balanced biodiverse ecosystem in preventing a dinoflagellate bloom. The study also demonstrates the power of whole-assemblage metatranscriptomics coupled to DNA barcoding in illuminating plankton ecological processes and the underlying species and functional diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Central Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Tangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Minglei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
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Yancey CE, Yu F, Tripathi A, Sherman DH, Dick GJ. Expression of Microcystis Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Natural Populations Suggests Temporally Dynamic Synthesis of Novel and Known Secondary Metabolites in Western Lake Erie. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0209222. [PMID: 37070981 PMCID: PMC10231183 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02092-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcystis spp. produce diverse secondary metabolites within freshwater cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) around the world. In addition to the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding known compounds, Microcystis genomes harbor numerous BGCs of unknown function, indicating a poorly understood chemical repertoire. While recent studies show that Microcystis produces several metabolites in the lab and field, little work has focused on analyzing the abundance and expression of its broader suite of BGCs during cyanoHAB events. Here, we use metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to track the relative abundance of Microcystis BGCs and their transcripts throughout the 2014 western Lake Erie cyanoHAB. The results indicate the presence of several transcriptionally active BGCs that are predicted to synthesize both known and novel secondary metabolites. The abundance and expression of these BGCs shifted throughout the bloom, with transcript abundance levels correlating with temperature, nitrate, and phosphorus concentrations and the abundance of co-occurring predatory and competitive eukaryotic microorganisms, suggesting the importance of both abiotic and biotic controls in regulating expression. This work highlights the need for understanding the chemical ecology and potential risks to human and environmental health posed by secondary metabolites that are produced but often unmonitored. It also indicates the prospects for identifying pharmaceutical-like molecules from cyanoHAB-derived BGCs. IMPORTANCE Microcystis spp. dominate cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) worldwide and pose significant threats to water quality through the production of secondary metabolites, many of which are toxic. While the toxicity and biochemistry of microcystins and several other compounds have been studied, the broader suite of secondary metabolites produced by Microcystis remains poorly understood, leaving gaps in our understanding of their impacts on human and ecosystem health. We used community DNA and RNA sequences to track the diversity of genes encoding synthesis of secondary metabolites in natural Microcystis populations and assess patterns of transcription in western Lake Erie cyanoHABs. Our results reveal the presence of both known gene clusters that encode toxic secondary metabolites as well as novel ones that may encode cryptic compounds. This research highlights the need for targeted studies of the secondary metabolite diversity in western Lake Erie, a vital freshwater source to the United States and Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E. Yancey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Fengan Yu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Natural Products Discovery Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David H. Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory J. Dick
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research (CIGLR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Hinojosa MG, Cascajosa-Lira A, Prieto AI, Gutiérrez-Praena D, Vasconcelos V, Jos A, Cameán AM. Cytotoxic Effects and Oxidative Stress Produced by a Cyanobacterial Cylindrospermopsin Producer Extract versus a Cylindrospermopsin Non-Producing Extract on the Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cell Line. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050320. [PMID: 37235355 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and interest of cyanobacteria are increasing nowadays because they are able to produce some toxic secondary metabolites known as cyanotoxins. Among them, the presence of cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is especially relevant, as it seems to cause damage at different levels in the organisms: the nervous system being the one most recently reported. Usually, the effects of the cyanotoxins are studied, but not those exerted by cyanobacterial biomass. The aim of the present study was to assess the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress generation of one cyanobacterial extract of R. raciborskii non-containing CYN (CYN-), and compare its effects with those exerted by a cyanobacterial extract of C. ovalisporum containing CYN (CYN+) in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Moreover, the analytical characterization of potential cyanotoxins and their metabolites that are present in both extracts of these cultures was also carried out using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, in tandem (UHPLC-MS/MS). The results show a reduction of cell viability concentration- and time-dependently after 24 and 48 h of exposure with CYN+ being five times more toxic than CYN-. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased with time (0-24 h) and CYN concentration (0-1.11 µg/mL). However, this rise was only obtained after the highest concentrations and times of exposure to CYN-, while this extract also caused a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, which might be an indication of the compensation of the oxidative stress response. This study is the first one performed in vitro comparing the effects of CYN+ and CYN-, which highlights the importance of studying toxic features in their natural scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G Hinojosa
- Area of Toxicología, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Cascajosa-Lira
- Area of Toxicología, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana I Prieto
- Area of Toxicología, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena
- Area of Toxicología, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-159 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicología, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Area of Toxicología, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Nagai S, Basti L, Uchida H, Kuribayashi T, Natsuike M, Sildever S, Nakayama N, Lum WM, Matsushima R. Growth, Toxin Content and Production of Dinophysis Norvegica in Cultured Strains Isolated from Funka Bay (Japan). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050318. [PMID: 37235353 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful cultivation of Dinophysis norvegica Claparède & Lachmann, 1859, isolated from Japanese coastal waters, is presented in this study, which also includes an examination of its toxin content and production for the first time. Maintaining the strains at a high abundance (>2000 cells per mL-1) for more than 20 months was achieved by feeding them with the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum Lohmann, 1908, along with the addition of the cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia (W.Conrad) D.R.A.Hill, 1992. Toxin production was examined using seven established strains. At the end of the one-month incubation period, the total amounts of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) ranged between 132.0 and 375.0 ng per mL-1 (n = 7), and 0.7 and 3.6 ng per mL-1 (n = 3), respectively. Furthermore, only one strain was found to contain a trace level of okadaic acid (OA). Similarly, the cell quota of pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) ranged from 60.6 to 152.4 pg per cell-1 (n = 7) and 0.5 to 1.2 pg per cell-1 (n = 3), respectively. The results of this study indicate that toxin production in this species is subject to variation depending on the strain. According to the growth experiment, D. norvegica exhibited a long lag phase, as suggested by the slow growth observed during the first 12 days. In the growth experiment, D. norvegica grew very slowly for the first 12 days, suggesting they had a long lag phase. However, after that, they grew exponentially, with a maximum growth rate of 0.56 divisions per day (during Days 24-27), reaching a maximum concentration of 3000 cells per mL-1 at the end of the incubation (Day 36). In the toxin production study, the concentration of DTX1 and PTX2 increased following their vegetative growth, but the toxin production still increased exponentially on Day 36 (1.3 ng per mL-1 and 154.7 ng per mL-1 of DTX1 and PTX2, respectively). The concentration of OA remained below detectable levels (≤0.010 ng per mL-1) during the 36-day incubation period, with the exception of Day 6. This study presents new information on the toxin production and content of D. norvegica, as well as insights into the maintenance and culturing of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nagai
- Coastal and Inland Fisheries Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Leila Basti
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Marine Resources and Environment, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hajime Uchida
- Seafood Safety and Technology Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
| | - Takanori Kuribayashi
- Headquarters, Hokkaido Research Organization, Kita 19 Nishi 11, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Masafumi Natsuike
- Hakodate Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, 20-5 Benten-cho, Hakodate 040-0051, Japan
| | - Sirje Sildever
- Department of Marine Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15A, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Natsuko Nakayama
- Environmental Conservation Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi 739-0452, Japan
| | - Wai Mun Lum
- Coastal and Inland Fisheries Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryuji Matsushima
- Seafood Safety and Technology Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
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Rothenberger M, Gleich SJ, Flint E. The underappreciated role of biotic factors in controlling the bloom ecology of potentially harmful microalgae in the Hudson-Raritan Bay. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 124:102411. [PMID: 37164564 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite widespread distribution of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and new and improved methods for detecting and quantifying them, no unifying ecological explanation has been found. Improved understanding depends upon local, ecological studies that include analysis of phytoplankton species data in relation to both abiotic and biotic parameters. Ecological network analysis was used to detect co-occurrence patterns among abiotic and biotic parameters in a long-term monitoring dataset (i.e., 2010-2021) from the eutrophic Hudson-Raritan Estuary (HRE) between the states of New York and New Jersey. The regular co-occurrence of potentially harmful bloom-forming species with companion species observed through microscopy was supported by the results of ecological network analysis, which showed that there were far more associations between HAB species and biotic parameters (∼95%) than abiotic parameters (∼5%). Temperature was the environmental variable that was most associated with HAB species throughout the estuary. The numerous network associations of HAB species with one another and with diatoms, dinoflagellates, and zooplankton highlight the complexity of planktonic food webs and interactions. Results also suggest that some taxa may play a central role in structuring the HRE plankton communities. These findings demonstrate that biotic associations play an underappreciated role in plankton structure and the value of examining the ecology of HAB species within the breadth of their biological communities. While network analysis does not fully explain and confirm complex associations among species, it does provide fresh insights and testable hypotheses to strengthen understanding and improve prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rothenberger
- Biology Department, Lafayette College, Kunkel Hall, Easton, PA 18042, USA.
| | - Samantha J Gleich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Evan Flint
- Mathematics Department, Lafayette College, Pardee Hall, Easton, PA 18042, USA
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Zhu J, Yu Z, He L, Yuan Y, Wang W, Cao X, Chen N, Wang W, Song X. Mechanisms of Phaeocystis globosa blooms in the Beibu Gulf revealed by metatranscriptome analysis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 124:102407. [PMID: 37164562 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The haptophyceae Phaeocystis globosa is a species responsible for harmful algal blooms in the global ocean, forming blooms in the Beibu Gulf annually since 2011. This species can alternate between solitary free-living cells and colonies. Colonies are the dominant morphotype during blooms. To date, the underlying mechanism of P. globosa blooms in the Beibu Gulf is poorly understood. After combining results of ecological surveys, laboratory studies, and metatranscriptome and bioinformatics analyses, it was found that low temperatures, high nitrate, and low organic phosphorus induced P. globosa blooms in the Beibu Gulf. Additionally, the unique genetic and physiological characteristics that allow P. globosa to stand out as a dominant species in such an environment include (1) several genes encoding high-affinity nitrate transport proteins that could be highly expressed under sufficient nitrate conditions; (2) energy metabolism genes involved in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation that were actively expressed at low temperatures to carry out carbon and energy reversion and produce sufficient ATP for various life activities, individually; (3) abundant glycan synthesis genes that were highly expressed at low temperatures, thus synthesizing large quantities of proteoglycans to construct the mucilaginous envelope forming the colony; (4) cells in colonies exhibited active gene expression in DNA replication contributing to a faster growth rate, which could help P. globosa occupy niches quickly; and (5) the energy and material expenditure was redistributed in colonial cells accompanied with chitin filaments and flagella degraded, more expenditure was used for the synthesis of the mucilaginous envelope and the rapid proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Liyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yongquan Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xihua Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nansheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center of MEE, Beijing 100082, China
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Smit T, Clemmesen C, Lemley DA, Adams JB, Bornman E, Strydom NA. Body condition of larval roundherring, Gilchristella aestuaria (family Clupeidae), in relation to harmful algal blooms in a warm-temperate estuary. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2023; 45:523-539. [PMID: 37287684 PMCID: PMC10243853 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication-driven harmful algal blooms (HABs) can have secondary effects on larval fishes that rely on estuaries as nurseries. However, few studies worldwide have quantified these effects despite the global rise in eutrophication. This study presents a novel approach using biochemical body condition analyses to evaluate the impact of HABs on the growth and body condition of the larvae of an estuarine resident fish. Recurrent phytoplankton blooms of Heterosigma akashiwo occur in the warm-temperate Sundays Estuary on the southeast coast of South Africa. The response in body condition and assemblage structure on larval estuarine roundherring (Gilchristella aestuaria) was measured in conjunction with bloom conditions, water quality and zooplanktonic prey and predators. Larvae and early juveniles were sampled during varying intensity levels, duration and frequency of hypereutrophic blooms. This study demonstrated that extensive HABs could significantly impact larval roundherring, G. aestuaria, by decreasing larval nutritional condition and limiting their growth, resulting in poor grow-out into the juvenile phase. Poor condition and growth may likely affect recruitment success to adult populations, and since G. aestuaria is an important forage fish and zooplanktivore, poor recruitment will hold consequences for estuarine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Smit
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Po Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
| | - Catriona Clemmesen
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (Geomar), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, Kiel 24105, Germany
| | - Daniel A Lemley
- Botany Department, The Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
- DSI/NRF South African Research Chair (Sarchi) In Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, Gomery Avenue, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
| | - Janine B Adams
- Botany Department, The Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
- DSI/NRF South African Research Chair (Sarchi) In Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, Gomery Avenue, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
| | - Eugin Bornman
- Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Po Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
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47
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Imtiazy MN, Hunter K, Sereda J, Dirk L, Hudson JJ. Effects of regional climate, hydrology and river impoundment on long-term patterns and characteristics of dissolved organic matter in semi-arid northern plains rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161961. [PMID: 36737025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Diverse environmental and anthropogenic factors, such as the ongoing reservoir constructions may influence riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) properties. This has important implications for river water quality, particularly when reservoirs are a source of drinking water. Simultaneous studies of multidecadal trends in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) are scarce. We studied the patterns in DOC and DON concentration in two major rivers of the South Saskatchewan River (SSR) basin over a 42-year period (1978-2019). We also examined the impact of a large reservoir on riverine DOC properties. Contrary to many studies, we did not find a long-term increase in DOC and DON concentration, and DOC and DON patterns were not always synchronous. In an agriculture dominated watershed like the SSR basin, agricultural land use (e.g., nitrogen-fertilizer application) could influence DOC and DON concentration differently, potentially resulting in asynchronous patterns over time. River discharge was an important driver of DOM patterns. Regional precipitation in the lower SSR basin may also influence DOM patterns in locations where runoff contribution is greater. These regional factors explained greater variability in DOM compared to global scale indices (e.g., Pacific decadal oscillation) due to their direct control on DOM. A travel time corrected approach to account for the lengthy reservoir turnover time showed that a large reservoir caused a reduction in allochthonous DOC characteristics through photodegradation and perhaps, an increase in autochthonous characteristics. Our results illustrate: 1) the increase in DOM concentrations seen in the northern hemisphere is not present in semi-arid prairie rivers, 2) Controls on different DOM components could be different, and 3) large reservoirs may modify riverine DOC composition due to longer water residence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Noim Imtiazy
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Kristine Hunter
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Jeff Sereda
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Leah Dirk
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Jeff J Hudson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Collaborative Science Research Building, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
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48
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Qiu H, Niu J, Baas DG, Phanikumar MS. An integrated watershed-scale framework to model nitrogen transport and transformations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163348. [PMID: 37059131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Excess nitrogen in water bodies is associated with a number of environmental problems, including hypoxia and eutrophication. Originating from anthropogenic activities such as fertilizer application, and influenced by watershed characteristics such as the structure of the drainage network, stream discharge, temperature, and soil moisture, factors influencing nitrogen transport and transformation are many and interconnected. This paper describes the development and application of a process-oriented nitrogen model based on the modeling framework of PAWS (Process-based Adaptive Watershed Simulator) that can describe coupled hydrologic, thermal and nutrient processes. The integrated model was tested for an agricultural watershed with complex land use, namely the Kalamazoo River watershed in Michigan, USA. Nitrogen transport and transformations on the landscape were modeled by representing multiple sources and processes (fertilizer/manure application, point sources, atmospheric deposition, nitrogen retention and removal in wetlands and other lowland storage, etc.) across multiple hydrologic domains (streams, groundwater, soil water). The coupled model provides a tool to examine nitrogen budgets and to quantify the impacts of human activities and agricultural practices on the riverine export of nitrogen species. Model results indicate that the river network removed approximately 5.96 % of the total anthropogenic nitrogen input to the watershed, and that the riverine export of nitrogen accounted for 29.22 % of the total anthropogenic inputs during 2004-2009 while the groundwater contribution of nitrogen to the rivers during the same period was found to be 18.53 % highlighting the important role of groundwater within the watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qiu
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jie Niu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Dean G Baas
- Agriculture & Agribusiness Institute, MSU Extension, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mantha S Phanikumar
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; MSU AgBioResearch, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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49
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Rao W, Qian X, Fan Y, Liu T. A soft sensor for simulating algal cell density based on dynamic response to environmental changes in a eutrophic shallow lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161543. [PMID: 36640876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a great need for timely monitoring and rapid water quality assessment to control the algal blooms that often occur in eutrophic lakes. While algal cell density (ACD) is a critical indicator of algal growth, field monitoring is laborious and time-consuming, and rapid assessment of algal blooms based on ACD is often not possible. To address the limitations of conventional ACD detection, we proposed a soft sensor approach that uses surrogate indicators to simulate ACD in machine learning models. We conducted a case study using monitoring data from Chaohu Lake collected between 2016 and 2019. We found that ensemble learning models, especially extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), outperformed traditional machine learning algorithms by comparing various machine learning algorithms. Also, considering the influence of input variable selection on model performance, we combined the results of different filter methods in the multi-stage variable selection process. Finally, we screened out seven key variables out of the 43 initial candidate variables, including dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Secchi disk depth (SD), pH, permanganate index (CODMn), week of the year (WOY), and wind velocity (WV). Their inclusion substantially improved data accessibility and supported the development of a rapid simulation model. The final model was capable of reliable spatiotemporal generalization, with an overall R2 value of 0.761. On the theoretical side, our study makes a new attempt to simulate ACD values in a eutrophic lake. For practical purposes, the soft sensor can facilitate the rapid assessment of bloom conditions, which helps the local administration with emergency prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yifan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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50
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Cheng W, Hwang S, Guo Q, Qian L, Liu W, Yu Y, Liu L, Tao Y, Cao H. The Special and General Mechanism of Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040987. [PMID: 37110410 PMCID: PMC10144548 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are longstanding aquatic hazards worldwide, of which the mechanism is not yet fully understood, i.e., the process in which cyanobacteria establish dominance over coexisting algae in the same eutrophic waters. The dominance of CyanoHABs represents a deviation from their low abundance under conventional evolution in the oligotrophic state, which has been the case since the origin of cyanobacteria on early Earth. To piece together a comprehensive mechanism of CyanoHABs, we revisit the origin and adaptive radiation of cyanobacteria in oligotrophic Earth, demonstrating ubiquitous adaptive radiation enabled by corresponding biological functions under various oligotrophic conditions. Next, we summarize the biological functions (ecophysiology) which drive CyanoHABs and ecological evidence to synthesize a working mechanism at the population level (the special mechanism) for CyanoHABs: CyanoHABs are the consequence of the synergistic interaction between superior cyanobacterial ecophysiology and elevated nutrients. Interestingly, these biological functions are not a result of positive selection by water eutrophication, but an adaptation to a longstanding oligotrophic state as all the genes in cyanobacteria are under strong negative selection. Last, to address the relative dominance of cyanobacteria over coexisting algae, we postulate a "general" mechanism of CyanoHABs at the community level from an energy and matter perspective: cyanobacteria are simpler life forms and thus have lower per capita nutrient demand for growth than coexisting eukaryotic algae. We prove this by comparing cyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae in cell size and structure, genome size, size of genome-scale metabolic networks, cell content, and finally the golden standard-field studies with nutrient supplementation in the same waters. To sum up, the comprehensive mechanism of CyanoHABs comprises a necessary condition, which is the general mechanism, and a sufficient condition, which is the special mechanism. One prominent prediction based on this tentative comprehensive mechanism is that eukaryotic algal blooms will coexist with or replace CyanoHABs if eutrophication continues and goes over the threshold nutrient levels for eukaryotic algae. This two-fold comprehensive mechanism awaits further theoretic and experimental testing and provides an important guide to control blooms of all algal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Cheng
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Somin Hwang
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Qisen Guo
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Leyuan Qian
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Weile Liu
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Li Liu
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huansheng Cao
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, 8 Duke Ave, Kunshan 215316, China
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