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Chen J, Wu Y, Chen J, Lu H, Cheng G, Tu ZJ, Liao C, Han Q. Roles of a newly lethal cuticular structural protein, AaCPR100A, and its upstream interaction protein, G12-like, in Aedes aegypti. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131704. [PMID: 38670198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Mosquitoes form a vital group of vector insects, which can transmit various diseases and filarial worms. The cuticle is a critical structure that protects mosquitoes from adverse environmental conditions and penetration resistance. Thus, cuticle proteins can be used as potential targets for controlling the mosquito population. In the present study, we found that AaCPR100A is a structural protein in the soft cuticle, which has flexibility and elasticity allowing insects to move or fly freely, of Aedes aegypti. RNA interference (RNAi) of AaCPR100A caused high mortality in Aedes aegypti larvae and adults and significantly decreased the egg hatching rate. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that the larval microstructure had no recognizable endocuticle in AaCPR100A-deficient mosquitoes. A yeast two-hybrid assay was performed to screen proteins interacting with AaCPR100A. We verified that the G12-like protein had the strongest interaction with AaCPR100A using yeast two-hybrid and GST pull-down assays. Knockdown of G12-like transcription resulted in high mortality in Ae. aegypti larvae, but not in adults. Interestingly, RNAi of G12-like rescued the high mortality of adults caused by decreased AaCPR100A expression. Additionally, adults treated with G12-like dsRNA were found to be sensitive to low temperature, and their eggshell formation and hatching were decreased. Overall, our results demonstrated that G12-like may interacts with AaCPR100A, and both G12-like and AaCPR100A are involved in Ae. aegypti cuticle development and eggshell formation. AaCPR100A and G12-like can thus be considered newly potential targets for controlling the Ae. aegypti mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiukai Chen
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Haoran Lu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Jake Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and the Fralin Life Science Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Chenghong Liao
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Qian Han
- Laboratory of Tropical Veterinary Medicine and Vector Biology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of One Health, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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Lin X, Wang W, He F, Hou H, Guo F. Molecular level toxicity effects of As(V) on Folsomia candida: Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171409. [PMID: 38432367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a widespread metalloid with well-known toxicity. To date, numerous studies have focused on individual level toxicity (e.g., growth and reproduction) of As to typical invertebrate springtails in soils, however, the molecular level toxicity and mechanism was poorly understood. Here, an integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics approach was used to reveal responses of Folsomia candida exposed to As(V) of 10 and 60 mg kg-1 at which the individual level endpoints were influenced. Transcriptomics identified 5349 and 4020 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in low and high concentration groups, respectively, and the most DEGs were down-regulated. Enrichment analysis showed that low and high concentrations of As(V) significantly inhibited chromatin/chromosome-related biological processes (chromatin/chromosome organization, nucleosome assembly and organization, etc.) in springtails. At high concentration treatment, structural constituent of cuticle, chitin metabolic process and peptidase activity (serine-type peptidase activity, endopeptidase activity, etc.) were inhibited or disturbed. Moreover, the apoptosis pathway was significantly induced. Metabolomics analysis identified 271 differential changed metabolites (DCMs) in springtails exposed to high concentration of As. Steroid hormone biosynthesis was the most significantly affected pathway. Several DCMs that related to chitin metabolism could further support above transcriptomic results. These findings further extended the knowledge of As toxic mechanisms to soil fauna and offer important information for the environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Weiran Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Liu H, Xing H, Xia Z, Wu T, Liu J, Li A, Bi F, Sun Y, Zhang J, He P. Mechanisms of harmful effects of Microcystis aeruginosa on a brackish water organism Moina mongolica based on physiological and transcriptomic responses. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 133:102588. [PMID: 38485443 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the detrimental impacts of cyanobacterial bloom, specifically Microcystis aeruginosa, on brackish water ecosystems, the study used Moina mongolica, a cladoceran species, as the test organism. In a chronic toxicology experiment, the survival and reproductive rates of M. mongolica were assessed under M. aeruginosa stress. It was observed that the survival rate of M. mongolica fed with M. aeruginosa significantly decreased with time and their reproduction rate dropped to zero, while the control group remained maintained stable and normal reproduction. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of the effects of M. aeruginosa on M. mongolica, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis on newly hatched M. mongolica cultured under different food conditions for 24 h. The results revealed significant expression differences in 572 genes, with 233 genes significantly up-regulated and 339 genes significantly down-regulated. Functional analysis of these differentially expressed genes identified six categories of physiological functional changes, including nutrition and metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, neuroimmunology, cuticle and molting, reproduction, and programmed cell death. Based on these findings, we outlined the basic mechanisms of microcystin toxicity. The discovery provides critical insights into the mechanisms of Microcystis toxicity on organisms and explores the response mechanisms of cladocerans under the stress of Microcystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Hao Xing
- Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhangyi Xia
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Aiqin Li
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fangling Bi
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of River and Lake Biochain Construction and Resource Utilization, Shanghai, 201702, China.
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Gallois M, Menoret D, Marques-Prieto S, Montigny A, Valenti P, Moussian B, Plaza S, Payre F, Chanut-Delalande H. Pri peptides temporally coordinate transcriptional programs during epidermal differentiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg8816. [PMID: 38335295 PMCID: PMC10857433 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
To achieve a highly differentiated state, cells undergo multiple transcriptional processes whose coordination and timing are not well understood. In Drosophila embryonic epidermal cells, polished-rice (Pri) smORF peptides act as temporal mediators of ecdysone to activate a transcriptional program leading to cell shape remodeling. Here, we show that the ecdysone/Pri axis concomitantly represses the transcription of a large subset of cuticle genes to ensure proper differentiation of the insect exoskeleton. The repression relies on the transcription factor Ken and persists for several days throughout early larval stages, during which a soft cuticle allows larval crawling. The onset of these cuticle genes normally awaits the end of larval stages when the rigid pupal case assembles, and their premature expression triggers abnormal sclerotization of the larval cuticle. These results uncovered a temporal switch to set up distinct structures of cuticles adapted to the animal lifestyle and which might be involved in the evolutionary history of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Gallois
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Menoret
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Marques-Prieto
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Montigny
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valenti
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Serge Plaza
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS/UPS/INPT, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - François Payre
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Chanut-Delalande
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Unit (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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Yan J, Luo P, Wu Y, Peng G, Liu Y, Song C, Lu W, Liu H, Dong Z. Morphological and genetic differences in legs of a polygamous beetle between sexes, Glenea cantor (Coleopter: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297365. [PMID: 38329988 PMCID: PMC10852293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The legs of insects play an important role in their daily behaviour, especially reproduction. Entomologists have performed much research on the role of the leg in different behaviours of beetles, an important group in the insect family, but relatively little has been done to study the ultrastructure and transcriptome of their legs. Hence, we systematically studied the ultrastructure and gene expression of the leg of G. cantor, a polygynous beetle, and compared its male and female diversity. In this study, we found the fore-leg, mid-leg and hind-leg of the female were significantly longer than those of the male. From the perspective of intuitive structural differences, we also compared the ultrastructures of the adhesion structure (tarsal) of males and females. The tarsal functional structure of the adult leg mainly includes sensilla and an adhesion structure. The sensilla on the tarsal joint mainly include sensilla chaetica (SCh II, SCh III) and sensilla trichodea (ST II). The adhesion structure includes disc-shaped bristles (di), lanceolate bristles (la), serrated bristles (se), spatula-shaped bristles (spl) and mushroom-shaped bristles (mus). Although there was no significant difference in sensillum distribution or type between males and females, there were significant differences in the distribution and species of adhesion structures between the fore-leg, mid-leg, and hind-leg of the same sex and between males and females. Therefore, different adhesion structures play different roles in various behaviours of beetles. On the other hand, the transcriptome results of male and female legs were screened for a subset of olfaction- and mechanics-related genes. We discovered that the male leg showed upregulation of 1 odorant binding protein (OBP), 2 Olfactory receptors (ORs) and 2 Chemosensory proteins (CSPs). Meanwhile, the female leg showed upregulation of 3 OBPs, 1 OR, 1 Gustatory receptor (GR) and 3 Mechanosensitive proteins (MSPs). An in-depth examination of the ultrastructure and molecular composition of the legs can elucidate its function in the reproductive behavior of G. cantor. Moremore, this investigation will serve as a cornerstone for subsequent research into the underlying behavioral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Guandi Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Department of Forestry, Nanchang, China
| | - Yini Liu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Wen Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zishu Dong
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Yuan H, Cai P, Zhang W, Jin S, Jiang S, Xiong Y, Gong Y, Qiao H, Fu H. Identification of genes regulated by 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Macrobrachium nipponense using comparative transcriptomic analysis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:35. [PMID: 38183039 PMCID: PMC10768235 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrobrachium nipponense is a freshwater prawn of economic importance in China. Its reproductive molt is crucial for seedling rearing and directly impacts the industry's economic efficiency. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) controls various physiological behaviors in crustaceans, among which is the initiation of molt. Previous studies have shown that 20E plays a vital role in regulating molt and oviposition in M. nipponense. However, research on the molecular mechanisms underlying the reproductive molt and role of 20E in M. nipponense is still limited. RESULTS A total of 240.24 Gb of data was obtained from 18 tissue samples by transcriptome sequencing, with > 6 Gb of clean reads per sample. The efficiency of comparison with the reference transcriptome ranged from 87.05 to 92.48%. A total of 2532 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Eighty-seven DEGs associated with molt or 20E were screened in the transcriptomes of the different tissues sampled in both the experimental and control groups. The reliability of the RNA sequencing data was confirmed using Quantitative Real-Time PCR. The expression levels of the eight strong candidate genes showed significant variation at the different stages of molt. CONCLUSION This study established the first transcriptome library for the different tissues of M. nipponense in response to 20E and demonstrated the dominant role of 20E in the molting process of this species. The discovery of a large number of 20E-regulated strong candidate DEGs further confirms the extensive regulatory role of 20E and provides a foundation for the deeper understanding of its molecular regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Yuan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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Brasseur MV, Leese F, Schäfer RB, Schreiner VC, Mayer C. Transcriptomic sequencing data illuminate insecticide-induced physiological stress mechanisms in aquatic non-target invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122306. [PMID: 37541380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are major agricultural stressors for freshwater species. Exposure to pesticides can disrupt the biotic integrity of freshwater ecosystems and impair associated ecosystem functions. Unfortunately, physiological mechanisms through which pesticides affect aquatic organisms are largely unknown. For example, the widely-used insecticide chlorantraniliprole is supposed to be highly selective for target pest species, i.e. Lepidoptera (butterflies), but its effect in aquatic non-target taxa is poorly studied. Using RNA-sequencing data, we quantified the insecticide effect on three aquatic invertebrate species: the caddisfly Lepidostoma basale, the mayfly Ephemera danica and the amphipod Gammarus pulex. Further, we tested how the insecticide-induced transcriptional response is modulated by biotic interaction between the two leaf-shredding species L. basale and G. pulex. While G. pulex was only weakly affected by chlorantraniliprole exposure, we detected strong transcriptional responses in L. basale and E. danica, implying that the stressor receptors are conserved between the target taxon Lepidoptera and other insect groups. We found in both insect species evidence for alterations of the developmental program. If transcriptional changes in the developmental program induce alterations in emergence phenology, pronounced effects on food web dynamics in a cross-ecosystem context are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie V Brasseur
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Adenauerallee 127, 53113, Bonn, Germany; Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Florian Leese
- Aquatic Ecosystem Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 5, 45141, Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstrasse 2, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ralf B Schäfer
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Verena C Schreiner
- iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Adenauerallee 127, 53113, Bonn, Germany.
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Khan MM, Rothenberg DO, Shahfahad, Qiu BL, Zhu ZR. Identification and transcriptional profiling of UV-A-responsive genes in Bemisia tabaci. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115300. [PMID: 37494735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-A (UV-A) radiation directly impacts the growth and spread of Bemisia tabaci. However, the mechanistic pathways of this phenomenon remain unknown. We analyzed B. tabaci transcriptome data after exposure to UV-A radiation for 6 h. The 453 genes were identified whose expression were significantly altered in response to the stress induced by UV-A irradiation. Forty genes were up-regulated, while 413 genes were down-regulated. Enrichment analysis using GO, KEGG, and Genomes databases revealed that the DEGs play key roles in antioxidation and detoxification, protein turnover, metabolic, developmental processes, and immunological response. Among the gene families involved in detoxification, shock, and development, down-regulated DEGs in transcriptional factor gene families were significantly greater than those up-regulated DEGs. Our findings demonstrated that exposure to UV-A stress can suppress immunity and affect the growth and biological parameters of B. tabaci by altering gene regulation. These results suggest a potential utility of UV-A stress in managing B. tabaci under greenhouse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Musa Khan
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572000, PR China
| | - Dylan O'Neill Rothenberg
- College of Horticulture Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Shahfahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya 572000, PR China.
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Wang X, Liu L, Guo S, Liu B, Zhai Y, Yan S, Shen J, Ullah F, Li Z. Tweedle gene family of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) larva enhances the basal tolerance to cold and hypoxia. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3012-3021. [PMID: 36966456 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is considered a quarantine pest in the A2 list because it causes serious infection and huge economic losses. Cold and controlled atmosphere treatments have been used to control immature stage pests in fresh fruits. Herein, the basal tolerance response of D. suzukii egg, larva and pupa to cold and hypoxia stress were studied, and underlying transcriptome mechanisms in the larva were pinpointed. RESULTS The third instar was more tolerant than 12-h-old egg and 8-day-old pupa when treated at 3 °C + 1% O2 for 7 days, with 34.00% ± 5.22% larval survival. Hypoxia influenced the effect of cold treatment on D. suzukii. Larval survival decreased at 3 °C + 1% O2 , but increased at 0 °C + 1% O2 . Survival increased with temperature between 0 and 5 °C + 1% O2 , but decreased significantly at 25 °C + 1% O2 . RNA-sequencing results showed that the Tweedle (Twdl) family was upregulated and uniquely enriched in larvae treated at 3 °C + 1% O2 . In addition, RNA interference-mediated silencing of a key Twdl gene reduced the survival rate after cold and hypoxia treatment. CONCLUSION Hypoxia was able to influence the effect of cold treatment on the survival of D. suzukii positively or negatively. Structural constituents of the chitin-based cuticle, in particular Twdl genes, body morphogenesis, and ATP synthesis-coupled proton transport were involved in the tolerance to cold and hypoxia. In future, the Twdl gene could be used as a nanocarrier delivering RNA pesticides to control D. suzukii in the field and so prevent its worldwide spread. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wang
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shaokun Guo
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Institute of Equipment Technology, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, P. R. China
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10
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Jiang Z, Qu L, Cui G, Zhong G. Smoothened antagonist sonidegib affects the development of D. melanogaster larvae via suppression of epidermis formation. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105462. [PMID: 37532307 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is essential for the regulation of embryonic growth and development, the maintenance of stem cell autostasis, and tissue formation, whether in vertebrates or invertebrates. However, exploration into the Hh pathway antagonists in Drosophila or other pests of agricultural importance has been scant. In order to gain a better understanding of the potential utility of the antagonists in insect investigations, a conventional Hh antagonist, sonidegib, was used to evaluate the effects on the development of Drosophila larvae. The results showed that early instar larvae exposed to sonidegib exhibited new epidermal abnormalities and decreased motility after molting. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Sonidegib had a profound effect on chitin-based cuticle development throughout all stages of larvae. Physiological experiments revealed that sonidegib suppressed the epidermis formation and decreased the chitin content. The results of this study shed new light on the potential use of Hh antagonists in agricultural pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Liwen Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Guohua Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Crop in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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11
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Li Y, Wang X, Dong H, Xia Q, Zhao P. Transcriptomic Analysis of Starvation on the Silkworm Brain. INSECTS 2023; 14:658. [PMID: 37504664 PMCID: PMC10380768 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Starvation imposes significant stress on animal survival and development, resulting in organ damage within the organism. The brain, being one of the most vital organs in animals, plays a crucial role in coordinating the physiological functions of other organs. However, performing brain experiments on the human body is challenging. In this work, we selected the silkworm, a model Lepidoptera organism, due to its favorable characteristics. A comprehensive transcriptome analysis was conducted on the brain of silkworm subjected to starvation treatment. The analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed significant alterations in 330 genes following the period of starvation. Through an enrichment analysis, we successfully identified pathways associated with metabolism, hormones, immunity, and diseases. Our findings highlight the transcriptional response of the brain to starvation, providing valuable insights for comprehending the impact of starvation stress in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haonan Dong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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12
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Yuan H, Gao Z, Cai P, Zhang W, Jin S, Jiang S, Xiong Y, Gong Y, Qiao H, Fu H. Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms Governing the Reproductive Molt of Macrobrachium nipponense: A Transcriptome Analysis of Ovaries across Various Molting Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11056. [PMID: 37446235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between molting and reproduction has received more attention in economically important crustacean decapods. Molting and reproduction are synergistic events in Macrobrachium nipponense, but the molecular regulatory mechanisms behind them are unclear. In the current study, we performed Illumina sequencing for the ovaries of M. nipponense during the molt cycle (pre-molting, Prm; mid-molting, Mm; and post-molting, Pom). A total of 66.57 Gb of transcriptome data were generated through sequencing, resulting in the identification of 105,149 unigenes whose alignment ratio with the reference genome exceeded 87.57%. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated through the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases for gene classification and pathway analysis. A total of twenty-six molt-related DEGs were found, and their expression patterns were examined across various molting stages. The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the key pathways involved in regulating the molting process of M. nipponense primarily include the mTOR, insect hormone biosynthesis, TGF-beta, and Wnt signaling pathways. Our transcriptomic data suggest that these pathways crosstalk with each other to regulate the synthesis and degradation of ecdysone throughout the molt cycle. The current study has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of crustacean molting and will serve as a basis for future studies of crustaceans and other molting animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwei Yuan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zijian Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Chang YW, Zhang Y, Yan YQ, Wang YC, Wu CD, Hu J, Du YZ. Mechanistic effects of microwave radiation on pupal emergence in the leafminer fly, Liriomyza trifolii. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 113:282-291. [PMID: 36503531 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485322000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Liriomyza trifolii is a significant pest of vegetable and ornamental crops across the globe. Microwave radiation has been used for controlling pests in stored products; however, there are few reports on the use of microwaves for eradicating agricultural pests such as L. trifolii, and its effects on pests at the molecular level is unclear. In this study, we show that microwave radiation inhibited the emergence of L. trifolii pupae. Transcriptomic studies of L. trifolii indicated significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 'post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones', 'sensory perception of pain/transcription repressor complex/zinc ion binding' and 'insulin signaling pathway' when analyzed with the Clusters of Orthologous Groups, Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, respectively. The top DEGs were related to reproduction, immunity and development and were significantly expressed after microwave radiation. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the expression of genes encoding heat shock proteins or antioxidant enzymes in L. trifolii treated with microwave radiation as compared to the untreated control. The expression of DEGs encoding cuticular protein and protein takeout were silenced by RNA interference, and the results showed that knockdown of these two DEGs reduced the survival of L. trifolii exposed to microwave radiation. The results of this study help elucidate the molecular response of L. trifolii exposed to microwave radiation and provide novel ideas for control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- School of Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Yan
- School of Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- School of Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Dong Wu
- Pukou Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Nanjing City, Pukou, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- School of Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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14
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Jones CLC, Shafer ABA, Frost PC. Characterizing nutritional phenotypes using experimental nutrigenomics: Is there nutrient-specificity to different types of dietary stress? Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1073-1086. [PMID: 36528862 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to directly measure and monitor poor nutrition in individual animals and ecological communities is hampered by methodological limitations. In this study, we use nutrigenomics to identify nutritional biomarkers in a freshwater zooplankter, Daphnia pulex, a ubiquitous primary consumer in lakes and a sentinel of environmental change. We grew animals in six ecologically relevant nutritional treatments: nutrient replete, low carbon (food), low phosphorus, low nitrogen, low calcium and high Cyanobacteria. We extracted RNA for transcriptome sequencing to identify genes that were nutrient responsive and capable of predicting nutritional status with a high degree of accuracy. We selected a list of 125 candidate genes, which were subsequently pruned to 13 predictive potential biomarkers. Using a nearest-neighbour classification algorithm, we demonstrate that these potential biomarkers are capable of classifying our samples into the correct nutritional group with 100% accuracy. The functional annotation of the selected biomarkers revealed some specific nutritional pathways and supported our hypothesis that animal responses to poor nutrition are nutrient specific and not simply different presentations of slow growth or energy limitation. This is a key step in uncovering the causes and consequences of nutritional limitation in animal consumers and their responses to small- and large-scale changes in biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona L C Jones
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron B A Shafer
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Forensic Science, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Frost
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Sex dependent transcriptome responses of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. to cold stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 45:101053. [PMID: 36527761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Temperature has fundamental influences on the performance and distribution of insects. While considerable attention has been devoted to extreme conditions, particularly extreme cold conditions, few studies have investigated effects of mild cold conditions on insects. We examined the transcriptomic changes in mid-fourth instar larvae of both sexes reared at 10 °C and 25 °C to investigate sex-dependent responses of Plutella xylostella to mild cold stress. There were 624 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in females, the majority of which (n = 386) were down-regulated. In males 3239 genes were differentially expressed and the majority (n = 2341) were up-regulated. Only 280 DEGs were common to both sexes. In females, there were no DEGs encoding heat shock or cold shock proteins, but six of these DEGs were found in males. These differences suggest that females and males might adopt some different strategies to cope with cold stress and/or that they were affected by rearing under cold conditions to different degrees and in different ways. In addition, DEGs encoding antimicrobial peptides, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, fatty acid-related enzymes, cuticle proteins, myofilament, and hormone-related proteins were found in both sexes under cold stress. The transcriptome study reveals unexpected sex-dependent thermal responses and provides new information of how an insect that does not diapause copes with low temperatures.
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Wu LJ, Li F, Song Y, Zhang ZF, Fan YL, Liu TX. Proteome Analysis of Male Accessory Gland Secretions in the Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:132. [PMID: 36835702 PMCID: PMC9960318 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In insects, male accessory gland proteins (ACPs) are important reproductive proteins secreted by male accessory glands (MAGs) of the internal male reproductive system. During mating, ACPs are transferred along with sperms inside female bodies and have a significant impact on the post-mating physiology changes of the females. Under sexual selection pressures, the ACPs exhibit remarkably rapid and divergent evolution and vary from species to species. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a major insect pest of cruciferous vegetables worldwide. Mating has a profound impact on the females' behavior and physiology in this species. It is still unclear what the ACPs are in this species. In this study, two different proteomic methods were used to identify ACPs in P. xylostella. The proteins of MAGs were compared immediately before and after mating by using a tandem mass tags (TMT) quantitative proteomic analysis. The proteomes of copulatory bursas (CB) in mated females shortly after mating were also analyzed by the shotgun LC-MS/MS technique. In total, we identified 123 putative secreted ACPs. Comparing P. xylostella with other four insect ACPs, trypsins were the only ACPs detected in all insect species. We also identified some new insect ACPs, including proteins with chitin binding Peritrophin-A domain, PMP-22/ EMP/ MP20/ Claudin tight junction domain-containing protein, netrin-1, type II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase, two spaetzles, allatostatin-CC, and cuticular protein. This is the first time that ACPs have been identified and analyzed in P. xylostella. Our results have provided an important list of putative secreted ACPs, and have set the stage for further exploration of the functions of these putative proteins in P. xylostella reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Suqian, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Yue Song
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhan-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yong-Liang Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs P. R. China, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Li S, Li H, Chen C, Hao D. Tolerance to dietary linalool primarily involves co-expression of cytochrome P450s and cuticular proteins in Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae using SMRT sequencing and RNA-seq. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:34. [PMID: 36658477 PMCID: PMC9854079 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an emerging forest pest exclusively infesting camphor trees, has recently caused severe ecological and economic damage in localized areas in China. Its population outbreak depends largely on the capacity to overcome the pressure of terpenoid-derived metabolites (e.g. linalool) from camphor trees. At present, the molecular basis of physiological adaptation of P. tsushimanus to dietary linalool is poorly understood, and there is no available reference genome or transcriptome. RESULTS Herein, we constructed the transcriptome profiling of P. tsushimanus larvae reared on linalool-infused diets using RNA sequencing and single-molecule real-time sequencing. A total of 20,325 high-quality full-length transcripts were identified as a reference transcriptome, of which 14,492 protein-coding transcripts including 130 transcription factors (TFs), and 5561 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were detected. Also, 30 alternative splicing events and 8049 simple sequence repeats were captured. Gene ontology enrichment of differential expressed transcripts revealed that overall up-regulation of both cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) and cuticular proteins (CPs), was the primary response characteristic against dietary linalool. Other physiological effects possibly caused by linalool exposure, such as increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and hormetic stimulation, were compensated by a handful of induced genes encoding antioxidases, heat shock proteins (HSPs), juvenile hormone (JH) epoxide hydrolases, and digestive enzymes. Additionally, based on co-expression networks analysis, a diverse array of hub lncRNAs and TFs co-expressed with CYP450s and CPs were screened as the potential gene regulators. Temporal expression of candidate transcripts determined by quantitative real-time PCR also indicated a cooperative relationship between the inductions of CYP450s and CPs upon exposure to linalool. CONCLUSIONS Our present study provides an important transcriptome resource of P. tsushimanus, and lays a valuable foundation for understanding how this specialist pest copes with chemical challenges in its specific host environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyin Li
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Hui Li
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Cong Chen
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Dejun Hao
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China ,grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu China
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Velagala V, Soundarrajan DK, Unger MF, Gazzo D, Kumar N, Li J, Zartman J. The multimodal action of G alpha q in coordinating growth and homeostasis in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.08.523049. [PMID: 36711848 PMCID: PMC9881979 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.08.523049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background G proteins mediate cell responses to various ligands and play key roles in organ development. Dysregulation of G-proteins or Ca 2+ signaling impacts many human diseases and results in birth defects. However, the downstream effectors of specific G proteins in developmental regulatory networks are still poorly understood. Methods We employed the Gal4/UAS binary system to inhibit or overexpress Gαq in the wing disc, followed by phenotypic analysis. Immunohistochemistry and next-gen RNA sequencing identified the downstream effectors and the signaling cascades affected by the disruption of Gαq homeostasis. Results Here, we characterized how the G protein subunit Gαq tunes the size and shape of the wing in the larval and adult stages of development. Downregulation of Gαq in the wing disc reduced wing growth and delayed larval development. Gαq overexpression is sufficient to promote global Ca 2+ waves in the wing disc with a concomitant reduction in the Drosophila final wing size and a delay in pupariation. The reduced wing size phenotype is further enhanced when downregulating downstream components of the core Ca 2+ signaling toolkit, suggesting that downstream Ca 2+ signaling partially ameliorates the reduction in wing size. In contrast, Gαq -mediated pupariation delay is rescued by inhibition of IP 3 R, a key regulator of Ca 2+ signaling. This suggests that Gαq regulates developmental phenotypes through both Ca 2+ -dependent and Ca 2+ -independent mechanisms. RNA seq analysis shows that disruption of Gαq homeostasis affects nuclear hormone receptors, JAK/STAT pathway, and immune response genes. Notably, disruption of Gαq homeostasis increases expression levels of Dilp8, a key regulator of growth and pupariation timing. Conclusion Gαq activity contributes to cell size regulation and wing metamorphosis. Disruption to Gαq homeostasis in the peripheral wing disc organ delays larval development through ecdysone signaling inhibition. Overall, Gαq signaling mediates key modules of organ size regulation and epithelial homeostasis through the dual action of Ca 2+ -dependent and independent mechanisms.
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Tan D, Hu H, Tong X, Han M, Gai T, Lou J, Yan Z, Xiong G, Lu C, Dai F. Mutation of a lepidopteran-specific PMP-like protein, BmLSPMP-like, induces a stick body shape in silkworm, Bombyx mori. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5334-5346. [PMID: 36039742 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepidoptera is one of the largest orders of insects, some of which are major pests of crops and forests. The cuticles of lepidopteran pests play important roles in defense against insecticides and pathogens, and are indispensable for constructing and maintaining extracellular structures and locomotion during their life cycle. Lepidopteran-specific cuticular proteins could be potential targets for lepidopteran pest control. But information on this is limited. Our research aimed to screen the lepidopteran-specific cuticular proteins using the lepidopteran model, the silkworm, to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of cuticular proteins in body shape construction. RESULTS Positional cloning showed that BmLSPMP-like, a gene encoding a lepidopteran-specific peritrophic matrix protein (PMP) like protein which includes a peritrophin A-type chitin-binding domain (CBM_14), is responsible for the stick (sk) mutation. BmLSPMP-like is an evolutionarily conserved gene that exhibits synteny in Lepidoptera and underwent purifying selection during evolution. Expression profiles demonstrated that BmLSPMP-like is expressed in chitin-forming tissues, testis and ovary, and accumulates in the cuticle. BmLSPMP-like knockout, generated with CRISPR/Cas9, resulted in a stick-like larval body shape phenotype. Over-expression of BmLSPMP-like in the sk mutant rescued its abnormal body shape. The results showed that BmLSPMP-like may be involved in assemblage in the larval cuticle. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the dysfunction of BmLSPMP-like may result in a stick body shape phenotype in silkworm, through the regulation of the arrangement of the chitinous laminae and cuticle thickness. Our study provides new evidence of the effects of LSPMP-likes on lepidopteran body shape formation, metamorphosis and mortality, which could be an eco-friendly target for lepidopteran pest management. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghou Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Li J, Li F, Gao H, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Characterization of cuticular proteins in CPR family in the wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, and the response of one subfamily genes to environmental stresses. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 150:103859. [PMID: 36265807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular protein (CP) plays an essential role in the construction and function of exoskeleton in arthropods. CPR family, CP with Rebers and Riddiford (R&R) Consensus, is the largest CP family in insects, but it lacks systematic research in non-insect arthropods. In this study, we explored CPRs in the wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata, a predator to many insect pests. We totally identified 152 CPRs in P. pseudoannulata genome, which were divided into two subgroups based on R&R Consensus sequences, with 12 CPRs in RR-1 and 140 in RR-2. All RR-2 members presented a novel Consensus with 34 amino acids, G-x(8)-G-x(6)-Y-x-A-x(3)-G-x(7)-N-E-x-G, which was a common characteristic for RR-2 CPRs in chelicerates. Transcriptome data was used to document the expression patterns of CPR genes in different tissues and ecdysis processes. The specific expressions were found for part CPR genes, such as five RR-2 genes that were specifically expressed in male genital bulbs and eleven RR-1 genes that were highly expressed in the integument. Due to the limited number and integument-specific expression of RR-1 genes, we further analyzed their responses to different environmental stresses at the transcriptional level. Except for PapsCPR11, ten RR-1 genes responded to at least one environmental stress, among with the expression of PapsCPR12 was significantly changed by three stresses (dryness, low temperature and imidacloprid treatments). Silencing PapsCPR12 increased the tolerance of P. pseudoannulata to imidacloprid. Overall, the results presented novel Consensus characteristics of CPRs in P. pseudoannulata, which was helpful for the identification and evolution analysis of CPRs in non-insect arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haoli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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21
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Liu X, Yang J, Chen J, Li F, Sun H, Wei J, Li B. Impact of sublethal chlorantraniliprole on epidermis of Bombyx mori during prepupal-pupal transition. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105200. [PMID: 36127071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori, an economically important insect with a long domestication history, exhibits high sensitivity to chemical pesticides. Extensive application of chlorantraniliprole (CAP) in control of pests of agricultural crops and mulberry plants causes residue toxicity to silkworm. We have demonstrated that sublethal concentration of CAP exposure causes defects in the formation of new epidermis and incomplete shedding of old epidermis during prepupal-pupal transition of B. mori. However, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. Here, we investigated the transcriptional responses of the epidermis of B. mori on day 2 at prepupal stage to sublethal CAP exposure using digital gene expression (DGE) profiling sequencing. We identified 5823 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 4830 genes up-regulated and 993 genes down-regulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that CAP exposure induced disruption of energy homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis in the epidermis of B. mori. Meanwhile, trehalose content was increased while most of the genes involved in trehalose metabolism were down-regulated. In addition, chitin contents in CAP-exposed silkworms were decreased. Taken together, these results reveal that sublethal concentration of CAP probably targets trehalose metabolism to impair chitin synthesis, leading to perturbation of pupation metamorphosis in B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jin Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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22
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Cho H, Ryu CS, Lee SA, Adeli Z, Meupea BT, Kim Y, Kim YJ. Endocrine-disrupting potential and toxicological effect of para-phenylphenol on Daphnia magna. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113965. [PMID: 35994907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Several phenol derivatives are suspected endocrine disruptors and have received attention in risk assessment studies for several decades owing to the structural similarity between estrogens and phenolic compounds. We assessed the endocrine disrupting effect of the phenolic compound para-phenylphenol (PPP) through acute tests and evaluating chronic endpoints in an invertebrate model, Daphnia magna. Exposure of D. magna to PPP induced substantial adverse effects, namely, reduced fecundity, slowed growth rate, delayed first brood, and a reduction in neonate size. Furthermore, we investigated the mRNA expression of relevant genes to elucidate the mechanism of endocrine disruption by PPP. Exposure of D. magna to PPP induced the substantial downregulation of genes and markers related to reproduction and development, such as EcR-A, EcR-B, Jhe, and Vtg. Consequently, we demonstrated that PPP has an endocrine disrupting effect on reproduction and development in D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Cho
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Chang Seon Ryu
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sang-Ah Lee
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Zahra Adeli
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brenda Tenou Meupea
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Youngsam Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Environmental Safety Group, KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
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23
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Lu Y, Ballerio A, Wang S, Zou Z, Gorb SN, Wang T, Li L, Ji S, Zhao Z, Li S, Tong Y, Chen Y, Zhuo D, Luo C, Zhang W, Liu N, Gu Q, Bai M. The evolution of conglobation in Ceratocanthinae. Commun Biol 2022; 5:777. [PMID: 35933440 PMCID: PMC9357020 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conglobation is an adaptive behaviour occurring independently in various animal groups. Here, we study the evolution of conglobation in Ceratocanthinae, a beetle group with the ability to roll three body segments into a tight ball. It is here implied that this ability evolved only once in the Mesozoic. Evidence is offered suggesting that the high defensive strength of Ceratocanthinae is due not only to the spherical body shape but also to the thickness and stronger mechanical properties of the dorsal cuticle. We further validate five adaptive characters including the allometrically thickened body wall and find that the specific adaptation of different body segments are likely separate evolutionary events. Finally, we propose an “attackers stress” hypothesis to explain the origin of conglobation behaviours. This work contributes to understanding how and why conglobation behaviour may have evolved in this group. Evolutionary and functional analyses alongside new fossil specimens expand our understanding of rolling-into-ball behaviour in pill scarab beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengting Zou
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Tong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Zhuo
- Beijing Xiachong Amber Museum, Beijing, China
| | - Cihang Luo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Building 1, No.7 Yiju Road, Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan, 572025, China.
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24
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Zhang Z, Song X, Hu H, Wang D, Chen J, Ma Y, Ma X, Ren X, Ma Y. Knockdown of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase and chitin synthase A increases the insecticidal efficiency of Lufenuron to Spodoptera exigua. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 186:105178. [PMID: 35973767 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) has been responsible for causing considerable and widespread agricultural losses worldwide. Owing to strong selective pressure, S. exigua showed increased resistance to Lufenuron (LUF). Consequently, RNA interference (RNAi)-based insecticides had more benefits than chemical insecticides. Therefore, to enhance the insecticidal activity of LUF to S. exigua, in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the impact of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) on S. exigua larval susceptibility to LUF. First, the transcriptome of S. exigua was sequenced following the treatment with LUF. By comparing the upregulated and downregulated GO enrichment, chitin binding and chitin metabolic processes were the significantly enriched pathways. According to transcriptome sequencing, 8 genes associated with chitin biosynthesis, 8 chitin degradation genes, and 17 cuticle protein genes were obtained. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP) and Chitin synthase A (CHSA) showed significantly downregulated expression after treatment with different sublethal doses of LUF. Downregulation of UAP increased mortality from 31.97% to 47.91% when the larvae were exposed to LUF. A significant increase in the mortality of S. exigua from 30.63% to 50.19% was observed following LUF administration after dsCHSA. In addition, the expression analysis of genes associated with chitin biosynthesis was significantly changed after LUF treatment, dsRNAs-RNAi, and their combination (LUF-dsRNAs). Significant differences were observed in the chitin content between the control group at 72 h after treatments. Results of the present study can help further elucidate the understanding of the combined effects of RNAi and LUF on S. exigua. Additionally, this research provides a suitable foundation for future studies with the aim to develop an efficient method of delivery for large-scale pest control in the fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhang
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xianpeng Song
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hongyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jixiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yajie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Xiangliang Ren
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Yan Ma
- Zhengzhou Reseach Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, 450001 Zhengzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
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25
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Gu L, Qin S, Sun Y, Huang J, Akbar S, Zhang L, Yang Z. Coping with antagonistic predation risks: Predator-dependent unique responses are dominant in Ceriodaphnia cornuta. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:3951-3962. [PMID: 35621395 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inducible defences of prey are evolved under diverse and variable predation risks. However, during the co-evolution of prey and multiple predators, the responses of prey to antagonistic predation risks, which may put the prey into a dilemma of responding to predators, remain unclear. Based on antagonistic predation pressure from an invertebrate (Chaoborus larvae) and a vertebrate (Rhodeus ocellatus) predator, we studied the responses of multiple traits and transcriptomes of the freshwater crustacean Ceriodaphnia cornuta under multiple predation risks. Chaoborus predation risk altered the expression of genes encoding cuticle proteins and modulated the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, cutin, suberine, and wax, leading to the development of horns and increase in size at the late developmental stage. Meanwhile, fish predation risk primarily triggered genes encoding ribosomes and those involved in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and cysteine and methionine metabolism, resulting in smaller individual size and earlier reproduction. Inducible responses of both transcriptome and individual traits revealed that predator-dependent unique responses were dominant and the dilemma of antagonistic responses was relatively limited. However, the unique individual traits in response to invertebrate predation could be significantly impaired by vertebrate predation risk, even though the unique responses to different predators were extremely weakly correlated and could be elicited simultaneously. These results indicate that diverse predator-dependent unique responses are favoured by Ceriodaphnia during its co-evolution with multiple predators. Nonetheless, Ceriodaphnia is not a generalist that can fully adopt all predator-dependent unique responses simultaneously under multiple predation risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siddiq Akbar
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Yan Z, Tong X, Xiong G, Yang W, Lu K, Yuan Y, Han M, Hu H, Wei W, Dai F. A Blueprint of Microstructures and Stage-Specific Transcriptome Dynamics of Cuticle Formation in Bombyx mori. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095155. [PMID: 35563544 PMCID: PMC9101387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect cuticle is critical for the environmental adaptability and insecticide resistance of insects. However, there is no clear understanding of the structure and protein components of the cuticle during each developmental stage of holometabolous insects, and knowledge about the protein components within each layer is vague. We conducted serial sectioning, cuticular structure analysis, and transcriptome sequencing of the larval, pupal, and adult cuticles of Bombyx mori. The deposition processes of epicuticle, exocuticle, and endocuticle during larval, pupal, and adult cuticle formation were similar. Transcriptome analysis showed that these cuticle formations share 74% of the expressed cuticular protein (CP) genes and 20 other structural protein genes, such as larval serum protein and prisilkin. There are seven, six, and eleven stage-specific expressed CP genes in larval, pupal, and adult cuticles, respectively. The types and levels of CP genes may be the key determinants of the properties of each cuticular layer. For example, the CPs of the RR-2 protein family with high contents of histidine (His) are more essential for the exocuticle. Functional analysis suggested that BmorCPAP1-H is involved in cuticle formation. This study not only offers an in-depth understanding of cuticle morphology and protein components but also facilitates the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying cuticle formation in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (G.X.); (W.Y.); (K.L.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (G.X.); (W.Y.); (K.L.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Gao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (G.X.); (W.Y.); (K.L.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (H.H.)
- College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy, Wenshan University, Wenshan 663000, China
| | - Weike Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (G.X.); (W.Y.); (K.L.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (H.H.)
- The Sericultural and Apicultural Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Honghe 661100, China
| | - Kunpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (G.X.); (W.Y.); (K.L.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Yajie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (G.X.); (W.Y.); (K.L.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Minjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (G.X.); (W.Y.); (K.L.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (G.X.); (W.Y.); (K.L.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangxi Academy of Sericultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (X.T.); (G.X.); (W.Y.); (K.L.); (Y.Y.); (M.H.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-23-6825-0793
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27
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Wang Y, Huang X, Li H, Chen G. Occurrence, Density, and Transcriptomic Response of the Leafhopper Erythroneura sudra (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) When Confronted With Different Fruit Tree Species. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:18. [PMID: 35763316 PMCID: PMC9239223 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The leafhopper, Erythroneura sudra (Distant) is becoming a dominant insect pest, and usually can cause significant damage to fruit production in northern China. We studied the occurrence and density of E. sudra on three fruit tree species and its transcriptomic responses when it was fed on leaves of these tree species. A higher density and survival rate of E. sudra were recorded when it fed on leaves of peach (Amygdalus persica L.) (Rosales: Rosaceae) and cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl) (Rosales: Rosaceae) than on apple (Malus domestica Mill) (Rosales: Rosaceae). Also, feeding on M. domestica induced the largest variation in transcriptomic profiles in E. sudra. In total, 166 genes were differentially expressed (89 upregulated and 77 downregulated) in E. sudra when it fed on M. domestica, compared to when it fed on the other two tree species. The upregulated genes were mainly related to 'response to oxidative stress', 'stress-resistance', and 'xenobiotic metabolic process'. The downregulated genes were mainly related to 'structural constituent of cuticle', 'biosynthetic process', and 'development regulation'. These results suggested that M. domestica significantly changed the expression of many genes and consequently caused lower occurrence and density of E. sudra. Such information could enhance our understanding of the leafhopper-host plant relationship. Additionally, it can contribute to the improvement of current control strategies for this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hui Li
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Guangyan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, P.R. China
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28
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Okamoto N, Watanabe A. Interorgan communication through peripherally derived peptide hormones in Drosophila. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:152-176. [PMID: 35499154 PMCID: PMC9067537 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2061834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, endocrine factors such as hormones and cytokines regulate development and homoeostasis through communication between different organs. For understanding such interorgan communications through endocrine factors, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster serves as an excellent model system due to conservation of essential endocrine systems between flies and mammals and availability of powerful genetic tools. In Drosophila and other insects, functions of neuropeptides or peptide hormones from the central nervous system have been extensively studied. However, a series of recent studies conducted in Drosophila revealed that peptide hormones derived from peripheral tissues also play critical roles in regulating multiple biological processes, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and behaviour. Here, we summarise recent advances in understanding target organs/tissues and functions of peripherally derived peptide hormones in Drosophila and describe how these hormones contribute to various biological events through interorgan communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Okamoto
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Yu H, Yi L, Lu Z. Silencing of Chitin-Binding Protein with PYPV-Rich Domain Impairs Cuticle and Wing Development in the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040353. [PMID: 35447795 PMCID: PMC9027310 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Molting is extremely important for insect growth and development, which is accompanied the degradation of old cuticle and synthesis of new cuticle. Chitin and proteins, as major components of insect cuticle, maintain the rigidity of the exoskeleton. The functions of chitin-binding proteins have not, to date, been characterized in Diaphorina citri. In the current study, we identified a cuticle protein (DcCP64) according to chitin column purification and LC-MS/MS analysis. Silencing of DcCP64 induced an abnormal phenotype and increased the permeability of the abdomen and wings. Additionally, the mortality and malformation rate significantly increased, and the molting rate decreased after inhibition of DcCP64. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that up-regulated DEGs were mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation, whereas down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in MAPK and FoxO signaling pathways. Our results provide a basis for further functional research on DcCP64 in D. citri. Abstract Chitin is a major component of the arthropod exoskeleton, always working together with chitin-binding proteins to maintain the functions of extracellular structures. In the present study, we identified a cuticle protein 64 from Diaphorina citri using a chitin-binding assay. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that DcCP64 contained eight conserved PYPV motifs but lacked a Rebers–Riddiford (R–R) consensus and other chitin-binding domains. RT-qPCR analysis suggested that DcCP64 had the highest expression level in the wing and fifth-instar nymph stage. Knockdown of DcCP64 by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in a malformed-wing phenotype, higher mortality and decreased molting rate. Furthermore, transcriptomics analysis revealed that 1244 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and 580 DEGs were down-regulated, compared with dsDcCP64 groups and dsGFP groups. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that up-regulated DEGs were mainly related to oxidative phosphorylation, whereas down-regulated DEGs were mainly involved in the MAPK and FoxO signaling pathways. Moreover, inhibition of DcCP64 significantly affected the cuticle surface, and increased the permeability of the abdomen and wings. Further chitin- and cellulose-binding assay confirmed the chitin-binding properties of recombinant DcCP64 in vitro. These results indicate that DcCP64 might play an important role in the cuticle and wing development of D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Insect Biology, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Long Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-0797-8397738 (L.Y. & Z.L.)
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China;
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Nanling Insect Biology, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (Z.L.); Tel.: +86-0797-8397738 (L.Y. & Z.L.)
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Wang Y, Zou H, Lai J, Zhang Z, Sun W. The miR-282-5p regulates larval moulting process by targeting chitinase 5 in Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:190-201. [PMID: 34862684 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Moulting is critical for growth, development and survival in insects. As the main components of cuticle, dynamic change of chitin is consistent with the moulting process. Chitinase is the main enzyme to mediate chitin metabolism in the old cuticle. To avoid over-degrading chitin from the new cuticle, the expression of chitinase must be precisely regulated. In this study, we performed microRNA-sequencing to investigate expression change of microRNAs in silkworm epidermis during the moulting process. A comparative microRNA transcriptomic analysis from different moulting stages and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) treatment identified bmo-miR-282-5p as a candidate. By the bioinformatic analysis, chitinase 5 (BmCht5) was predicted to be a target of bmo-miR-282-5p. Meanwhile, a temporal expression analysis revealed that BmCht5 only expressed at moulting D3 stage, whereas bmo-miR-282-5p showed a converse pattern, in which its transcript signal disappeared at this time point. Furthermore, a luciferase assay and agomir treatment demonstrated that bmo-miR-282-5p suppressed transcript of BmCht5 in vivo. As a result, injection of 282-5p agomir triggered 40% death due to moulting failure. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of BmCht5 caused 30% developmental defect. Taken together, our data demonstrate the coordinated regulation of chitinase 5 by conserved miR-282-5p, and the 20E signalling pathway is essential for the normal moulting process in the domesticated silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbin Zou
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Lai
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Borchel A, Komisarczuk AZ, Nilsen F. Sex differences in the early life stages of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266022. [PMID: 35358250 PMCID: PMC8970357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmon lice are ectoparasites on salmonids and feed on blood, mucus, and skin from their hosts. This causes high annual costs for treatment and control for the aquaculture industry. Salmon lice have a life cycle consisting of eight life stages. Sex determination by eye is only possible from the sixth stage onwards. A molecular sex determination has not been carried out so far, even though few individual sex-linked SNPs have been reported. In the present study, we used known sex-specific SNPs as a basis to sequence the complete sex-specific gene variants and used the sequence information to develop a sex determination assay. This assay could be used to determine the developmental speed of the two sexes already in the earliest life stages. Additionally, we sampled salmon lice in the nauplius II stage, determined the sex of each individual, pooled their RNA according to their sex, and used RNA sequencing to search for differences in gene expression and further sex-specific SNPs. We succeeded in developing a sex-determination assay that works on DNA or RNA from even the earliest larval stages of the salmon louse after hatching. At these early developmental stages, male salmon lice develop slightly quicker than females. We detected several previously unknown, sex-specific SNPs in our RNA-data seq, but only very few genes showed a differential expression between the sexes. Potential connections between SNPs, gene expression, and development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Borchel
- Department of Biological Sciences, SLRC—Sea Lice Research Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Zofia Komisarczuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, SLRC—Sea Lice Research Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Nilsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, SLRC—Sea Lice Research Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Li D, He C, Wang M, Liu H, Liu R, Xu L. Toxicity of Ribavirin to Spodoptera litura by Inhibiting the Juvenile Hormone. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3117-3126. [PMID: 35229607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ribavirin is an antiviral drug showing high and delayed toxicity to the destructive agricultural pest Spodoptera litura. Larvae fed with artificial diets containing ribavirin could not molt successfully and showed abnormal phenotypes, including cuticle melanization and heavy wrinkle of the newly formed procuticle. RNA-Seq analysis suggested that ribavirin has great negative influence on cuticle. Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction results indicated that ribavirin treatment decreased the expression of key genes in juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis (CYP15C1 and JH acid methyltransferase) and most cuticle protein genes, whereas the genes in melanin biosynthesis and bursicon genes were upregulated by ribavirin treatment. These results coincided with the decreased titer of JH I, JH II, and JH III determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the much thinner procuticle layer exhibited by histopathological examination, and the cuticle melanization after ribavirin treatment. These results provided a valuable theoretical basis for the creation of green insecticides targeting JH and the development of new insecticide derivatives from 1,2,4-triazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Chengshuai He
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Meizi Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Runqiang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
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Zhao X, Shao T, Su Y, Zhang J, Gou X, Liu W, Zhang J. Cuticle Protein LmACP19 Is Required for the Stability of Epidermal Cells in Wing Development and Morphogenesis of Locusta migratoria. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063106. [PMID: 35328528 PMCID: PMC8950940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect wing consists of a double layer of epidermal cells that produce and secrete the dorsal and ventral cuticular components. It is important for the stability of epidermal cells during wing development and morphogenesis, but its specific gene expression and physiological function during this process remain unclear. In our previous work, a wing cuticle protein gene LmACP19 was identified in Locusta migratoria based on transcriptomic data. Here, we report on its roles in wing development and morphogenesis. LmACP19 encodes a chitin-binding protein belonging to RR-2 subfamily of CPR family, which is highly homologous to CP19-like proteins in other insect species. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that LmACP19 is highly expressed in wing pads of fifth-instar nymphs, and its encoded protein is located in two layers of epidermal cells but not in the cuticle. Suppression of LmACP19 by RNA interference led to abnormal wing pad and wing morphogenesis with curved, unclosed, and wrinkled phenotypes during nymph-to-nymph and nymph-to-adult transition, respectively. Furthermore, deficiency of LmACP19 affected arrangement of epidermal cells, resulting in apoptosis. Our results indicate that LmACP19 is indispensable for wing development and normal morphological structure by maintaining the stability of epidermal cells during L. migratoria molting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ti Shao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yazhi Su
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xin Gou
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; (T.S.); (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (X.G.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (J.Z.)
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Tan YA, Zhao XD, Zhao J, Zhu-Salzman K, Ji QQ, Xiao LB, Hao DJ. iTRAQ Proteomic Analysis of Interactions Between 20E and Phospholipase C in Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür). Front Physiol 2022; 13:845087. [PMID: 35250643 PMCID: PMC8894726 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.845087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphagous Apolygus lucorum has become the dominant insect in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton fields. Hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) regulates multiple insect development and physiology events. 20E responses are controlled by pathways triggered by phospholipase C (PLC)-associated proteins. However, 20E-modulated genes and related proteins that can be affected by PLC still remain unknown. Here, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and immunoblotting techniques were used to compare differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in A. lucorum in response to the treatment of 20E and the PLC inhibitor U73122 as well as their combination. A total of 1,624 non-redundant proteins and 97, 248, 266 DEPs were identified in the 20E/control, U73122/control, and 20E + U73122/control groups, respectively. Only 8 DEPs, including pathogenesis-related protein 5-like, cuticle protein 19.8, trans-sialidase, larval cuticle protein A2B-like, cathepsin L1, hemolymph juvenile hormone-binding protein, ATP-dependent RNA helicase p62-like, and myosin-9 isoform X1, were detected in all three groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEPs were involved in diverse signaling pathways. The results were validated by immunoblotting, which highlighted the reliability of proteomics analysis. These findings provided novel insights into the function of PLC in 20E signaling pathway in A. lucorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-An Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Qin-Qin Ji
- Taizhou Customs of the People’s Republic of China, Taizhou, China
| | - Liu-Bin Xiao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Liu-Bin Xiao,
| | - De-Jun Hao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- De-Jun Hao,
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Ding CY, Ma YM, Li B, Wang Y, Zhao L, Peng JN, Li MY, Liu S, Li SG. Identification and Functional Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes in Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Response to Trans-anethole. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:6484926. [PMID: 34958664 PMCID: PMC8711753 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant essential oils, with high bioactivity and biodegradability, provide promising alternatives to synthetic pesticides for pest control. Trans-anethole is the major component of essential oil from star anise, Illicium verum Hook. The compound has a strong contact toxicity against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), which is a major insect pest of many vegetables and crops. However, little information is known about how M. persicae responds to trans-anethole at the molecular level. We conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of M. persicae in response to a LD50 dose of trans-anethole. A total of 559 differentially expressed genes were detected in the treated individuals, with 318 genes up-regulated, and 241 genes down-regulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these genes were classified into different biological processes and pathways. We also found that genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, DnaJ, and cuticle proteins were dramatically up-regulated in response to trans-anethole. To study the function of these genes, we performed RNA interference (RNAi) analysis. Knockdown of an ABC transporter gene (ABCG4) and a DnaJ gene (DnaJC1) resulted in a significantly increased mortality rate in M. persicae following trans-anethole exposure, indicating the involvement of these two genes in the toxicity response to trans-anethole. The findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of M. persicae in coping with plant essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yang Ding
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu-Meng Ma
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Science and Technology, Sichuan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Le Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | | | - Mao-Ye Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Su Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shi-Guang Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Kefi M, Charamis J, Balabanidou V, Ioannidis P, Ranson H, Ingham VA, Vontas J. Transcriptomic analysis of resistance and short-term induction response to pyrethroids, in Anopheles coluzzii legs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:891. [PMID: 34903168 PMCID: PMC8667434 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying comprise the major control measures against Anopheles gambiae sl, the dominant vector in sub-Saharan Africa. The primary site of contact with insecticide is through the mosquitoes' legs, which represents the first barrier insecticides have to bypass to reach their neuronal targets. Proteomic changes and leg cuticle modifications have been associated with insecticide resistance that may reduce the rate of penetration of insecticides. Here, we performed a multiple transcriptomic analyses focusing on An. coluzzii legs. RESULTS Firstly, leg-specific enrichment analysis identified 359 genes including the pyrethroid-binder SAP2 and 2 other chemosensory proteins, along with 4 ABCG transporters previously shown to be leg enriched. Enrichment of gene families included those involved in detecting chemical stimuli, including gustatory and ionotropic receptors and genes implicated in hydrocarbon-synthesis. Subsequently, we compared transcript expression in the legs of a highly resistant strain (VK7-HR) to both a strain with very similar genetic background which has reverted to susceptibility after several generations without insecticide pressure (VK7-LR) and a lab susceptible population (NG). Two hundred thirty-two differentially expressed genes (73 up-regulated and 159 down-regulated) were identified in the resistant strain when compared to the two susceptible counterparts, indicating an over-expression of phase I detoxification enzymes and cuticular proteins, with decrease in hormone-related metabolic processes in legs from the insecticide resistant population. Finally, we analysed the short-term effect of pyrethroid exposure on An. coluzzii legs, comparing legs of 1 h-deltamethrin-exposed An. coluzzii (VK7-IN) to those of unexposed mosquitoes (VK7-HR) and identified 348 up-regulated genes including those encoding for GPCRs, ABC transporters, odorant-binding proteins and members of the divergent salivary gland protein family. CONCLUSIONS The data on An. coluzzii leg-specific transcriptome provides valuable insights into the first line of defense in pyrethroid resistant and short-term deltamethrin-exposed mosquitoes. Our results suggest that xenobiotic detoxification is likely occurring in legs, while the enrichment of sensory proteins, ABCG transporters and cuticular genes is also evident. Constitutive resistance is primarily associated with elevated levels of detoxification and cuticular genes, while short-term insecticide-induced tolerance is linked with overexpression of transporters, GPCRs and GPCR-related genes, sensory/binding and salivary gland proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kefi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - J Charamis
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - V Balabanidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - P Ioannidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece
| | - H Ranson
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
| | - V A Ingham
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
- Parasitology Unit, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 73100, Heraklion, Greece.
- Pesticide Science Laboratory, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
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Hou QL, Chen EH, Dou W, Wang JJ. Knockdown of specific cuticular proteins analogous to peritrophin 3 genes disrupt larval and ovarian development in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1326-1337. [PMID: 32856386 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cuticular proteins (CPs) are critical components of the insect cuticle and play important roles in maintaining normal insect development and defense against various environmental stresses. The oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) is one of the most destructive pests worldwide, and its eight CPs analogous to peritrophin 3 (BdCPAP3) family genes have been identified in our previous study. In the present study, we further explored the possible roles of CPAP3 genes in B. dorsalis development. Each sequence of BdCPAP3 genes contained three conserved ChtBD2 (chitin-binding) domains. Spatial and temporal expression patterns revealed that the four BdCPAP3 genes (BdCPAP3-A1, B, E, and E2) might play important roles in larval pupariation of B. dorsalis. Moreover, treatment with a juvenile hormone analog (methoprene) significantly restricted expression of these four CPAP3 genes, whereas treatment with 20-hydroxy-ecdysone induced expression. The RNA interference (RNAi) results revealed that down-regulated CPAP3 genes led to significant delay of pupariation, and injection of dsBdCPAP3-E into 5-d-old B. dorsalis larvae caused approximately 40% mortality. Interestingly, we also confirmed that BdCPAP3-D2 was involved in B. dorsalis ovarian development. This study showed that some specific CPAP3 genes had crucial roles in B. dorsalis development, and these CP genes could be used as potential targets to control this pest via RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Li Hou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Yao Q, Quan LF, Xu S, Dong YZ, Li WJ, Chen BX. Effect of diflubenzuron on the chitin biosynthesis pathway in Conopomorpha sinensis eggs. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1061-1075. [PMID: 32686293 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conopomorpha sinensis is the dominant borer pest of Litchi chinensis (litchi) and Euphoria longan (longan) in China. Control of C. sinensis is difficult because of its cryptic life habit; thus, an effective ovicide could be beneficial. The larvicidal effects of diflubenzuron (DFB) have been documented in many insect pest species. Therefore, DFB might be a useful ovicide to control C. sinensis. However, the detailed mode of action of DFB interference with insect molting and egg hatching is unclear. Thus, we studied alterations in expression of all genes potentially affected by DFB treatment using a transcriptome approach in 2-d-old C. sinensis eggs. Clean reads were assembled to generate 203 455 unigenes and 440 558 transcripts. A total of 4625 differently expressed genes, which included 2670 up-regulated and 1955 down-regulated unigenes, were identified. Chitin binding and chitin metabolic processes were among the most significant enriched pathways according to Gene Ontology analyses. Most of the genes that encode enzymes involved in the chitin biosynthesis pathway were unaffected, whereas genes that presumably encode cuticle proteins were up-regulated. Furthermore, altered expression patterns of 10 genes involved in the chitin biosynthesis pathway of C. sinensis embryos were observed in response to DFB treatment at different time points by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We also observed abnormal development; there was reduced chitin content and modulated chitin distribution of newly hatched larvae, and altered egg hatching. Our findings illustrate an ovicidal effect of DFB on C. sinensis, and reveal more molecular consequences of DFB treatment on insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lin-Fa Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yi-Zhi Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bing-Xu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Gong Y, Zhang K, Geng N, Wu M, Yi X, Liu R, Challis JK, Codling G, Xu EG, Giesy JP. Molecular mechanisms of zooplanktonic toxicity in the okadaic acid-producing dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116942. [PMID: 33765503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prorocentrum lima is a dinoflagellate that forms hazardous blooms and produces okadaic acid (OA), leading to adverse environmental consequences associated with the declines of zooplankton populations. However, little is known about the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of P. lima or OA on zooplankton. Here, their toxic effects were investigated using the brine shrimp Artemia salina. Acute exposure of A. salina to P. lima resulted in lethality at concentrations 100-fold lower than densities observed during blooms. The first comprehensive results from global transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses in A. salina showed up-regulated mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes and reduced non-enzyme antioxidants, indicating general detoxification responses to oxidative stress after exposure to P. lima. The significantly up-regulated mRNA expression of proteasome, spliceosome, and ribosome, as well as the increased fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation suggested the proteolysis of damaged proteins and induction of energy expenditure. Exposure to OA increased catabolism of chitin, which may further disrupt the molting and reproduction activities of A. salina. Our data shed new insights on the molecular responses and toxicity mechanisms of A. salina to P. lima or OA. The simple zooplankton model integrated with omic methods provides a sensitive assessment approach for studying hazardous algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Gong
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, Liaoning, China; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Keke Zhang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, Liaoning, China
| | - Ningbo Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Minghuo Wu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianliang Yi
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, Liaoning, China.
| | - Renyan Liu
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Garry Codling
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Kamenice, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Yang CL, Meng JY, Yao MS, Zhang CY. Transcriptome Analysis of Myzus persicae to UV-B Stress. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2021; 21:6281128. [PMID: 34021758 PMCID: PMC8140603 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As an environmental stress factor, ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation directly affects the growth and development of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). How M. persicae responds to UV-B stress and the molecular mechanisms underlying this adaptation remain unknown. Here, we analyzed transcriptome data for M. persicae following exposure to UV-B radiation for 30 min. We identified 758 significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following exposure to UV-B stress, including 423 upregulated and 335 downregulated genes. In addition, enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases illustrated that these DEGs are associated with antioxidation and detoxification, metabolic and protein turnover, immune response, and stress signal transduction. Simultaneously, these DEGs are closely related to the adaptability to UV-B stress. Our research can raise awareness of the mechanisms of insect responses to UV-B stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Li Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Yu Meng
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou 550081, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Shuang Yao
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People’s Republic of China
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Liu Z, Li Y, Sepúlveda MS, Jiang Q, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Huang Y, Tian J, Zhao Y. Development of an adverse outcome pathway for nanoplastic toxicity in Daphnia pulex using proteomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144249. [PMID: 33421781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are a growing environmental and public health concern. However, the toxic mechanisms of nanoplastics are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the effects of spherical polystyrene nanoplastics on reproduction of Daphnia pulex and analyzed the proteome of whole animals followed by molecular and biochemical analyses for the development of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for these contaminants of emerging concern. Animals were exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L) via water for 21 days. Nanoplastics negatively impacted cumulative offspring production. A total of 327 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in response to nanoplastics which were further validated from gene expression and enzyme activity data. Based on these results, we propose an AOP for nanoplastics, including radical oxygen species production and oxidative stress as the molecular initiating event (MIE); followed by changes in specific signaling pathways (Jak-STAT, mTOR and FoxO) and in the metabolism of glutathione, protein, lipids, and molting proteins; with an end result of growth inhibition and decrease reproductive output. This study serves as a foundation for the development of a mechanistic understanding of nanoplastic toxicity in crustaceans and perhaps other aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yinying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiangtao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Fang C, Ye Z, Gai T, Lu K, Dai F, Lu C, Tong X. DIA-based proteome reveals the involvement of cuticular proteins and lipids in the wing structure construction in the silkworm. J Proteomics 2021; 238:104155. [PMID: 33610826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Wing discs of Bombyx mori (B. mori) are transformed into wings during metamorphosis via dramatic morphological and structural changes. Mutations in genes related to the wings cause the adults to have altered wing shapes or abnormal wing colour. At present, there are more than 20 wing mutants recorded in the silkworm. However, the key factors that influence B. mori wing development are still unclear. Here, we used the strains +Wes/+Wes and Wes/+Wes that are typical for the normal wing and shriveled wing phenotypes, respectively, to identify differentially expressed proteins by label-free data-independent acquisition (DIA). Ten enriched GO terms and 9 KEGG pathways were identified based on the 3993 proteins in the wings. Among the identified and quantified proteins, 370 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected (P-value <0.01, |log2FC| > 0.58). Mapping of the DEPs to the reference canonical pathways in KEGG showed that the top 20% of the pathways were related to fatty acid, cutin, suberin and wax biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, protein export, etc. Of the 370 DEPs, 238 were down-regulated, and 132 were up-regulated of Wes/+Wes compared with +Wes/+Wes. Numerous cuticular proteins were down-regulated, and fatty metabolism enzymes were up-regulated, in Wes/+Wes compared with +Wes/+Wes. SIGNIFICANCE: The comparative analysis of proteomes suggested that cuticular proteins and fatty metabolism enzymes are the main abnormally expressed proteins in the pupal wings of Wes/+Wes, leading to curly and shrunken wings after moth transformation. Our results also identify the substances affecting the development of silkworm wings from the perspective of proteins. The information from this study is important for further research on the molecular mechanisms of wing development in lepidopteran insects, and these differentially expressed genes may be targets for Lepidoptera pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhanfeng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tingting Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kunpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Huang Y, Yin H, Zhu Z, Jiang X, Li X, Dong Y, Sheng C, Liao M, Cao H. Expression and functional analysis of cytochrome P450 genes in the integument of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:577-587. [PMID: 32816378 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mythimna separata is a devastating agricultural pest that has recently developed insecticide resistance. Integument-specific cytochrome P450s were reported to participate in cuticle formation and could be potential targets for pesticide synthesis. RESULTS The transcriptome of integuments of M. separata larvae was constructed, generating a total of 38 058 unigenes with an average length of 1243 bp. These unigenes are enriched in functional categories such as lipid transport and metabolism, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism. Amongst unigenes, cytochrome P450s were identified and 66 unique P450s with complete open reading frames were named. These P450s were divided into 17 families and 32 subfamilies, containing conserved motifs such as helix C, helix I, helix K, and the heme-binding region. RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR analyses showed different expression levels of P450s in integuments of M. separata larvae. Further RT-qPCR analysis of P450s among different tissues showed that five P450s, especially CYP4G199, were specifically highly expressed in integuments. Moreover, knockdown of CYP4G199 disturbed cuticle formation, leading to imperfection in larval cuticle, and prevented pupation of M. separata. CONCLUSION Transcriptome of larval integuments provided sequence and expression of genes in M. separata. CYP4G199 is specifically highly expressed in larval integuments and is important for cuticle formation in M. separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongqin Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zeng Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingchuan Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuxia Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongcheng Dong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengwang Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Liao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Finger DS, Whitehead KM, Phipps DN, Ables ET. Nuclear receptors linking physiology and germline stem cells in Drosophila. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:327-362. [PMID: 33752824 PMCID: PMC8063499 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition and physiology are intimately associated with reproductive success in diverse organisms. Despite decades of study, the molecular mechanisms linking maternal diet to the production and quality of oocytes remain poorly defined. Nuclear receptors (NRs) link nutritional signals to cellular responses and are essential for oocyte development. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is an excellent genetically tractable model to study the relationship between NR signaling and oocyte production. In this review, we explore how NRs in Drosophila regulate the earliest stages of oocyte development. Long-recognized as an essential mediator of developmental transitions, we focus on the intrinsic roles of the Ecdysone Receptor and its ligand, ecdysone, in oogenesis. We also review recent studies suggesting broader roles for NRs as regulators of maternal physiology and their impact specifically on oocyte production. We propose that NRs form the molecular basis of a broad physiological surveillance network linking maternal diet with oocyte production. Given the functional conservation between Drosophila and humans, continued experimental investigation into the molecular mechanisms by which NRs promote oogenesis will likely aid our understanding of human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Finger
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Kaitlin M Whitehead
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Daniel N Phipps
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth T Ables
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
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Ma CP, Guo ZM, Zhang FL, Su JY. Molecular identification, expression and function analysis of peroxidasin in Chilo suppressalis. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:1173-1185. [PMID: 31829500 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidasin plays a unique role in the formation and stability of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the animal kingdom; however, it was only characterized in Diptera, not in other insect orders. In this study peroxidasin (CsPxd) was first identified and characterized from Chilo suppressalis, a lepidopteran pest. CsPxd complementary DNA with a 4080 bp open reading frame encodes a peptide of 1359 amino acids; the derived amino acid sequence of CsPxd harbors the typical structural characteristics of peroxidasin family in heme-peroxidase superfamily, including the signal peptide at N-terminal, leucine-rich repeat domain, Ig-loop motifs and peroxidase domain, signifying the extracellular location of protein and the involvement in ECM formation. Eukaryotic expression reveals CsPxd protein displays peroxidase activity on H2 O2 , justifying the membership of peroxidase. Phyletic analysis shows the monophyletic evolution pattern of peroxidasin in insect phyle, and moreover only one peroxidasin is present in each species of insects, suggesting its evolutionary conservation on function. Peroxidasin messenger RNA is mainly expressed in egg and the final instar larvae stage. Injection of peroxidasin double-stranded RNA into the final instar larvae impacts the cuticle sclerotization during the metamorphosis from larvae to pupa, and eventually lead to lethality of larvae and pupa. These results suggest the presence of collagen crosslink in chorion and cuticle of insects, and indicate peroxidasin plays a role in the development of chorion and cuticle; furthermore peroxidasin might be the one of potential target genes for pest control using RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Mu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ya Su
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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46
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Kundanati L, Chahare NR, Jaddivada S, Karkisaval AG, Sridhar R, Pugno NM, Gundiah N. Cutting mechanics of wood by beetle larval mandibles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:104027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Transcriptomic and life history responses of the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer to chronic diel thermal challenge. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19119. [PMID: 33154410 PMCID: PMC7644658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
To better understand the effects of transient thermal stress in an aquatic insect, we first identified static temperatures associated with fitness deficits, and then reared larvae from egg hatch to adulthood under diurnally variable regimens including daily forays into deleterious temperatures. We sampled mature larvae at the coolest and warmest portions of their respective regimens for RNA-seq analysis. Few transcripts (28) were differentially expressed when larvae oscillated between favorable temperatures, while 614 transcripts were differentially expressed when experiencing daily transient thermal stress. Transcripts associated with N-glycan processing were downregulated while those associated with lipid catabolism and chitin turnover were significantly upregulated in heat stressed larvae. An across-regimen comparison of differentially expressed transcripts among organisms sampled at comparable temperatures demonstrated that the effects of daily thermal stress persisted even when larvae were sampled at a more optimal temperature (806 differentially expressed transcripts). The chronically stressed population had reduced expression of transcripts related to ATP synthesis, mitochondrial electron chain functions, gluconeogenesis and glycolytic processes while transcripts associated with cell adhesion, synaptic vesicle transport, regulation of membrane potential and lipid biosynthesis increased. Comparisons of constant vs. variable temperatures revealed that the negative consequences of time spent at stressful temperatures were not offset by more time spent at optimal temperatures.
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48
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Volovych O, Lin Z, Du J, Jiang H, Zou Z. Identification and temporal expression profiles of cuticular proteins in the endoparasitoid wasp, Microplitis mediator. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:998-1018. [PMID: 31317624 PMCID: PMC7497268 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, parasitoid wasp species Microplitis mediator has evoked increasing research attention due to its possible use in the control of Lepidoptera insects. Because insect development involves changes in cuticle composition, identification and expression analysis of M. mediator cuticular proteins may clarify the mechanisms involved in parasite development processes. We found 70 cuticular proteins from the M. mediator transcriptome and divided them into seven distinct families. Expression profiling indicated that most of these cuticular protein genes have expression peaks specific for one particular developmental stage of M. mediator. Eggs and pupae have the highest number of transcriptionally active cuticular protein genes (47 and 52 respectively). Only 12 of these genes maintained high expression activity during late larval development. Functional analysis of two larval proteins, MmCPR3 and MmCPR14, suggested their important role in the proper organization of the cuticle layers of larvae. During M. mediator larval development, normal cuticle formation can be supported by a limited number of cuticular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Volovych
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhe Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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49
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Abstract
The evolution of insect metamorphosis is one of the most important sagas in animal history, transforming small, obscure soil arthropods into a dominant terrestrial group that has profoundly shaped the evolution of terrestrial life. The evolution of flight initiated the trajectory towards metamorphosis, favoring enhanced differences between juvenile and adult stages. The initial step modified postembryonic development, resulting in the nymph-adult differences characteristic of hemimetabolous species. The second step was to complete metamorphosis, holometaboly, and occurred by profoundly altering embryogenesis to produce a larval stage, the nymph becoming the pupa to accommodate the deferred development needed to make the adult. These changing life history patterns were intimately linked to two hormonal systems, the ecdysteroids and the juvenile hormones (JH), which function in both embryonic and postembryonic domains and control the stage-specifying genes Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1), broad and E93. The ecdysteroids induce and direct molting through the ecdysone receptor (EcR), a nuclear hormone receptor with numerous targets including a conserved transcription factor network, the 'Ashburner cascade', which translates features of the ecdysteroid peak into the different phases of the molt. With the evolution of metamorphosis, ecdysteroids acquired a metamorphic function that exploited the repressor capacity of the unliganded EcR, making it a hormone-controlled gateway for the tissue development preceding metamorphosis. JH directs ecdysteroid action, controlling Kr-h1 expression which in turn regulates the other stage-specifying genes. JH appears in basal insect groups as their embryos shift from growth and patterning to differentiation. As a major portion of embryogenesis was deferred to postembryonic life with the evolution of holometaboly, JH also acquired a potent role in regulating postembryonic growth and development. Details of its involvement in broad expression and E93 suppression have been modified as life cycles became more complex and likely underlie some of the changes seen in the shift from incomplete to complete metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Truman
- Department of Biology and Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, 620 University Road, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA.
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50
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Cattenoz PB, Sakr R, Pavlidaki A, Delaporte C, Riba A, Molina N, Hariharan N, Mukherjee T, Giangrande A. Temporal specificity and heterogeneity of Drosophila immune cells. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104486. [PMID: 32162708 PMCID: PMC7298292 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells provide defense against non-self and have recently been shown to also play key roles in diverse processes such as development, metabolism, and tumor progression. The heterogeneity of Drosophila immune cells (hemocytes) remains an open question. Using bulk RNA sequencing, we find that the hemocytes display distinct features in the embryo, a closed and rapidly developing system, compared to the larva, which is exposed to environmental and metabolic challenges. Through single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify fourteen hemocyte clusters present in unchallenged larvae and associated with distinct processes, e.g., proliferation, phagocytosis, metabolic homeostasis, and humoral response. Finally, we characterize the changes occurring in the hemocyte clusters upon wasp infestation, which triggers the differentiation of a novel hemocyte type, the lamellocyte. This first molecular atlas of hemocytes provides insights and paves the way to study the biology of the Drosophila immune cells in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre B Cattenoz
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUMR7104IllkirchFrance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258IllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Rosy Sakr
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUMR7104IllkirchFrance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258IllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Alexia Pavlidaki
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUMR7104IllkirchFrance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258IllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Claude Delaporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUMR7104IllkirchFrance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258IllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Andrea Riba
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUMR7104IllkirchFrance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258IllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Nacho Molina
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUMR7104IllkirchFrance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258IllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Nivedita Hariharan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem)BangaloreIndia
- The University of Trans‐disciplinary Health Sciences and TechnologyBangaloreIndia
| | - Tina Mukherjee
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem)BangaloreIndia
| | - Angela Giangrande
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUMR7104IllkirchFrance
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258IllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
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