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Jiao H, Cui M, Yuan S, Dong B, Xu Z. Carbon nanomaterials for co-removal of antibiotics and heavy metals from water systems: An overview. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 489:137566. [PMID: 39952121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/09/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Pollution resulting from the combination of antibiotics and heavy metals (HMs) poses a significant threat to human health and the natural environment. Adsorption is a promising technique for removing antibiotics and HMs owing to its low cost, simple procedures, and high adsorption capacity. In recent years, various novel carbon nanomaterials have been developed, demonstrating outstanding performance in simultaneously removing antibiotics and HMs. This work presents a comprehensive review of carbon nanomaterials (i.e., carbon nanotubes, graphene, resins, and other nanocomposites) for the co-removal of antibiotics and HMs in water systems. The mechanisms influencing the simultaneous removal of antibiotics and HMs include the bridging effect, electrostatic shielding, competition, and spatial site-blocking effects. These mechanisms can promote, inhibit, or have no impact on the adsorption capacity for antibiotics or HMs. Additionally, environmental factors such as pH, inorganic ions, natural organic matter, and microplastics affect the adsorption efficiency. This review also covers adsorbent regeneration and cost estimation. On the laboratory scale, the cost of the adsorption process primarily depends on the chemical and energy costs of adsorbent production. Our assessment highlights that the carbon-nanomaterial-mediated simultaneous removal of antibiotics and HMs warrants comprehensive consideration from both economic and environmental perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Mengke Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shijie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, PR China.
| | - Zuxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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2
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Safari P, Rahimabadi EZ, Vaezi MR, Behnamghader A, Tahergorabi R. Development of ZnO-NPs reinforced chitosan nanofiber mats with improved antibacterial and biocompatibility properties. Sci Rep 2025; 15:16567. [PMID: 40360629 PMCID: PMC12075804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-01669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
This paper studied the possibility of fabricating a nano-composite based on chitosan incorporated with ZnO-NPs as a promising textile for wound dressing purposes. The nanofiber mat was obtained from dispersions of ZnO-NPs in chitosan-based solution blended with PVA (Cs/PVA/ZnO-NPs scaffold). The extracted chitosan was characterized using FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD, and TGA analysis. The electrospinning optimization process was successfully done for Cs and PVA mixture and a good combination of polymers, solvent, and the ratios developed through an optimization process (10wt.% PVA and 1wt.% CS in AcAcetic 80%). The nanofibers had an average diameter below 200 nm, while the incorporation of ZnO-NPs decreased their average diameter below 150 nm. FTIR, FE-SEM, XRD analysis were used to evaluate the scaffold structure. The FE-SEM analysis proved the smooth and bead-free morphology of the fibers. Elemental analysis of the mat revealed a good distribution of ZnO-NPs along nanofibers. Cell culture studies with L929 mouse fibroblast cells revealed good viability of the cell on the Cs/PVA/ZnO-NPs scaffold. The nanoparticles improved capability of the mat for growth inhibition rate of bacterial colonies and also its wettability. The results also showed the nontoxicity of CS/PVA/ZnO-NPs composite and its considerable potential for future application in wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parva Safari
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, 1144, Iran
| | - Eshagh Zakipour Rahimabadi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Guilan, 1144, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Vaezi
- Research Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, , Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Behnamghader
- Research Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, , Materials and Energy Research Center, Karaj, Iran
| | - Reza Tahergorabi
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA.
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Shetranjiwalla S, Ononiwu A. Identifying barriers to scaled-up production and commercialization of chitin and chitosan using green technologies: A review and quantitative green chemistry assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 305:141062. [PMID: 39971074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/21/2025]
Abstract
Chitosan (CHT) production from Chitin (CH) is a billion-dollar industry but is constrained by multi-step chemical extractions that are energy and wastewater-intensive. Numerous green recovery technologies (GRT)s have paved the path for sustainable extraction, however, these have not been adopted for scale-up or mainstream commercialization. Therefore, this review critically evaluates the chemical, biological, combined biological-chemical and GRTs for CH/CHT recovery on commercially important criteria such as yields, molecular properties, cost/gram, water & energy use and wastewater & GHG emissions to identify barriers that hinder (i) the scaled-up, cost-effective commodity production of CH/CHT using GRTs (ii) the preparation of CH/CHT standards and (iii) the successful pathway from CH/CHT recovery to commercialization of chitosan-based products, supporting United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDG)s, particularly SDG 12. To arrive at the data-driven assessment, techno-economic and green chemistry metrics such as PMI and E-factor were calculated. The industry-developed quantitative green chemistry evaluator DOZN™ was used to assess resource & energy efficiency and human & environmental health hazards for CHT production. Mechanochemistry was identified as a viable GRT based on the limited literature available for quantitative assessment, and increasing the yield from GRT processes was identified as key to improving economic performance while also reducing environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shegufta Shetranjiwalla
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador A2H 5G4, Canada.
| | - Arlene Ononiwu
- School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador A2H 5G4, Canada
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Chen B, Xu X, Chen Y, Xie H, Zhang T, Mao X. Red Swamp Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii) as a Growing Food Source: Opportunities and Challenges in Comprehensive Research and Utilization. Foods 2024; 13:3780. [PMID: 39682852 DOI: 10.3390/foods13233780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was introduced from Japan to China in the 1920s. Crayfish are now widely distributed in almost all types of freshwater wetlands, including rice fields, ditches, swamps, lakes, and ponds in most provinces of China, owing to their multi-directional movement, rapid growth, adaptability to the environment, and relatively high fecundity. The delectable taste and high nutritional value of crayfish have made them popular among consumers, leading to the significant development of red swamp crayfish farming in the last two decades. Currently, it represents the largest proportion of commercially farmed freshwater crustaceans in China and has become an integral component of China's aquatic economy. Crayfish are highly valued for their edibility and for their by-products, which have various important uses. This review discusses nutrient composition, active ingredients, safety evaluation, processing and preservation, and comprehensive utilization of crayfish by-products to explore and organize the existing knowledge about crayfish and to promote the growth of the crayfish industry. This comprehensive review aims to provide a basis for the optimal utilization and sustainable development of crayfish resources worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xu
- College of Food and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yinji Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongkai Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Das P, Das M, Sahoo SK, Dandapat J, Pradhan J. Characterization of extracellular chitin deacetylase from Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus isolated from marine crustacean shell. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2024; 8:100325. [PMID: 39678066 PMCID: PMC11638627 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a promising biopolymer with wide range of applications. It is the deacetylated product of chitin. Commercially, it is produced from chitin via a harsh thermochemical process that has several shortcomings and heterogenous deacetylation product. Chitin can be transformed into chitosan through enzymatic deacetylation using chitin deacetylase (CDA), enabling the production of chitosan with a specific degree of deacetylation. CDA is primarily extracted from fungi followed by bacteria and insects. The extraction of CDA from fungus is more complex, possess several health risks for human including skin lesions. Therefore, screening of potent bacterial CDA is the need of the hour. In this study, for the first time we have isolated a bacterial strain Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus from the rinsed water of marine crab shell, and it was found to be a potent CDA producer. The extracellular CDA from A. aneurinilyticus has been partially purified and the specific activity of the enzyme was found to be 569.73 U/ mg protein. SDS-PAGE profiling of the purified sample depicts two isomers of CDA with molecular weights of 27 kD and 45 kD. The pH and temperature optima of the purified CDA were found to be 7.4 and 37 °C, respectively. The partially purified enzyme has Km and Vmax values of 98.455 µM and 909.09 µmole/min, for non-chitinous substrate such as p-nitroacetanilide. For chitinous substrates like glycol chitin, N-acetyl glucosamine hexamer and colloidal chitin, the enzyme exhibited Km of 96.96, 111.75 and 127.86 µM, respectively, Vmax for these substrates were 23.31, 10.12 and 10.772 µmole/min, respectively. Metal ions like Mn and Mg considerably boost the production and activity of CDA, whereas Cd and Co strongly inhibit its activity. Insights from this study further substantiate that this enzyme follows Michaelis-Menten equation and has potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Manisha Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Sheela Kumari Sahoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Jagneshwar Dandapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
- Centre of Excellence Integrated Omics and Computational Biology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jyotsnarani Pradhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
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Purkayastha D, Khanal P. Moving towards fully circular insect production: A focus on insect-derived biowastes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174560. [PMID: 38972425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, commercialization of insects for food and feed has been exponentially increasing. Insect protein is emerging as a sustainable livestock feed and human food alternative due to its low land and carbon footprint. The principles of insect industry are deeply embedded in the core values of sustainability and circular economy. Black soldier fly (BSF) is the crown jewel of insect industry and is one of the most commercially farmed insects. However, this steadfast growth is accompanied by generation of insect based biowaste such as dead flies and pupae exuviae. This will be a major waste fraction from this industry. This study discusses the valorization potential of this waste into chitin (which finds application in cosmetics, bioplastics, and pesticides, among other industries), biogas, fertilizer, and biochar. There is need to conduct more explorative research on value proposition of insect based biowaste to ensure that this industry can comply fully with circular economy and sustainability principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasree Purkayastha
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, Steinkjer, Trøndelag 7713, Norway.
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Animal Science, Production and Welfare Division, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Skolegata 22, Steinkjer, Trøndelag 7713, Norway.
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Kemsawasd V, Karnpanit W, Thangsiri S, Wongputtisin P, Kanpiengjai A, Khanongnuch C, Suttisansanee U, Santivarangkna C, Kittibunchakul S. Efficient recovery of functional biomolecules from shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) processing waste for food and health applications via a successive co-culture fermentation approach. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 9:100850. [PMID: 39363902 PMCID: PMC11447299 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study developed a food-grade fermentation process that efficiently isolated proteins and minerals from shrimp-processing waste (SPW). The in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects of SPW hydrolysates obtained from the fermentation process were investigated. SPW broths were prepared from the head (SPW-SH) and body carapace (SPW-SS) of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and fermented using a 5-day successive co-culture fermentation approach with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TISTR-1880 and Lactobacillus casei TBRC-388. This bacterial combination demonstrated optimal efficiency in extracting proteins (up to 93% deproteinization) and minerals (up to 83% demineralization) from SPW samples compared with other studied co-culture combinations. The resulting SPW-SH and SPW-SS hydrolysates were rich in proteins (∼70 and ∼59 g/100 g dry weight, respectively). They exhibited significantly enhanced antioxidant potential compared to their corresponding non-fermented controls at up to 2.3 and 3.7-fold higher, respectively as determined by the ORAC, FRAP, and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The two SPW hydrolysates also had significantly higher inhibitory activities against angiotensin-converting enzyme, α-amylase, and lipase than the controls, indicating their improved anti-hypertension, anti-diabetes, and anti-obesity properties, respectively; however, both SPW-SH and SPW-SS hydrolysates did not inhibit α-glucosidase at the tested concentrations. The SPW hydrolysates produced in this study showed high potential for use as functional ingredients in food and nutraceutical products. Knowledge gained from this study can promote the prospective valorization of industrial SPW as an inexpensive source of functional biomolecules for food-related applications using a fermentation approach. This will increase the commercial value of SPW and reduce the environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weeraya Karnpanit
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Sirinapa Thangsiri
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pairote Wongputtisin
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand
| | - Apinun Kanpiengjai
- Division of Biochemistry and Biochemical Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chartchai Khanongnuch
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Martínez-Mejía G, Cuadras-Arconada R, Vázquez-Torres NA, Caro-Briones R, Castell-Rodríguez A, Del Río JM, Corea M, Jiménez-Juárez R. Synthesis of hydrogels from biomaterials and their potential application in tissue engineering. Carbohydr Res 2024; 543:109216. [PMID: 39043084 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a series of hydrogels were synthesized from chitosan(s) that was crosslinking with glutaraldehyde at different concentrations. Ascorbic acid in an acidic medium was used to facilitate non-covalent interactions. The chitosan(s) was obtained from shrimp cytoskeleton; while ascorbic acid was extracted from xoconostle juice. The hydrogel reaction was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy (550 nm) to determine the reaction kinetics and reaction order at 60 °C. The hydrogels structures were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, HR-MS and SEM, while the degree of cross-linking was examined with TGA-DA. The extracellular matrices were obtained as stable hydrogels where reached maximum crosslinking was of 7 %, independent of glutaraldehyde quantity added. The rheological properties showed a behavior of weak gels and a dependence of crosslinking agent concentration on strength at different temperatures. The cytotoxicity assay showed that the gels had no adverse effects on cellular growth for all concentrations of glutaraldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Martínez-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Polímeros y Nanomateriales, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPALM, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Edificio Z-5, PB, San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Cuadras-Arconada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nadia Adriana Vázquez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad3000, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rubén Caro-Briones
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Polímeros y Nanomateriales, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPALM, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Edificio Z-5, PB, San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Departamento de Mecánica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, UPALM, San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrés Castell-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad3000, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Del Río
- Departamento de Metalurgia y Materiales, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, UPALM, San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mónica Corea
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Polímeros y Nanomateriales, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, UPALM, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Edificio Z-5, PB, San Pedro Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, CP 07738, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Rogelio Jiménez-Juárez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, CP 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Liang S, Wang X, Sun S, Xie L, Dang X. Extraction of chitin from flammulina velutipes waste: A low-concentration acid pretreatment and aspergillus Niger fermentation approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133224. [PMID: 38897518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, with the booming of the edible mushroom industry, chitin production has become increasingly dependent on fungi and other non-traditional sources. Fungal chitin has advantages including superior performance, simpler separation processes, abundant raw materials, and the absence of shellfish allergens. As a kind of edible mushroom, flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) also has the advantages of wide source and large annual yield. This provided the possibility for the extraction of chitin. Here, a procedure to extract chitin from F. velutipes waste be presented. This method comprises low-concentration acid pretreatment coupled with consolidated bioprocessing with Aspergillus niger. Characterization by SEM, FTIR, XRD, NMR, and TGA confirmed that the extracted chitin was β-chitin. To achieve optimal fermentation of F. velutipes waste (80 g/L), ammonium sulfate and glucose were selected as nitrogen and carbon sources (5 g/L), with a fermentation time of 5 days. The extracted chitin could be further deacetylated and purified to obtain high-purity chitosan (99.2 % ± 1.07 %). This chitosan exhibited a wide degree of deacetylation (50.0 % ± 1.33 % - 92.1 % ± 0.97 %) and a molecular weight distribution of 92-192 kDa. Notably, the yield of chitosan extracted in this study was increased by 56.3 % ± 0.47 % compared to the traditional chemical extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Siwei Sun
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Xugang Dang
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Clean Production and High-Value Utilization of Bio-Based Textile Materials, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China.
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Wani AK, Akhtar N, Mir TUG, Rahayu F, Suhara C, Anjli A, Chopra C, Singh R, Prakash A, El Messaoudi N, Fernandes CD, Ferreira LFR, Rather RA, Américo-Pinheiro JHP. Eco-friendly and safe alternatives for the valorization of shrimp farming waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38960-38989. [PMID: 37249769 PMCID: PMC10227411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The seafood industry generates waste, including shells, bones, intestines, and wastewater. The discards are nutrient-rich, containing varying concentrations of carotenoids, proteins, chitin, and other minerals. Thus, it is imperative to subject seafood waste, including shrimp waste (SW), to secondary processing and valorization for demineralization and deproteination to retrieve industrially essential compounds. Although several chemical processes are available for SW processing, most of them are inherently ecotoxic. Bioconversion of SW is cost-effective, ecofriendly, and safe. Microbial fermentation and the action of exogenous enzymes are among the significant SW bioconversion processes that transform seafood waste into valuable products. SW is a potential raw material for agrochemicals, microbial culture media, adsorbents, therapeutics, nutraceuticals, and bio-nanomaterials. This review comprehensively elucidates the valorization approaches of SW, addressing the drawbacks of chemically mediated methods for SW treatments. It is a broad overview of the applications associated with nutrient-rich SW, besides highlighting the role of major shrimp-producing countries in exploring SW to achieve safe, ecofriendly, and efficient bio-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Tahir Ul Gani Mir
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Farida Rahayu
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Cece Suhara
- Research Center for Horticulture and Plantation, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Anjli Anjli
- HealthPlix Technologies Private Limited, Bengaluru, 560103, India
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Noureddine El Messaoudi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Clara Dourado Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
- Institute of Technology and Research, Ave. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, SE, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Rauoof Ahmad Rather
- Division of Environmental Sciences, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar 190025, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
- Department of Forest Science, Soils and Environment, School of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ave. Universitária, 3780, Botucatu, SP, 18610-034, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Brazil University, Street Carolina Fonseca, 584, São Paulo, SP, 08230-030, Brazil.
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11
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Rahman MM, Byanju B, Lamsal BP. Protein, lipid, and chitin fractions from insects: Method of extraction, functional properties, and potential applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:6415-6431. [PMID: 36691837 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2168620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Edible insects are accepted as food and feed ingredients in many parts of the world. Insects account for more than 80% of animal kingdom providing rich biodiversity of protein and lipid profiles compared to conventional livestock. Insect biomasses contain an average of 35-62% protein, 3-57% lipid, and 3-12% chitin, and their nutritional values are widely recognized due to their presence, including minerals, and vitamins. While whole insects are consumed as eggs, larvae, pupae, or adults, there has been a recent uptick in interest to use fractions, e.g., protein, lipid, and chitin, as food and feed ingredients. To utilize these fractions in various food and feed preparations, a deeper understanding of the physicochemical as well as functional properties of the ingredients is required, which are generally impacted by extraction and preparation processes. Thus, the methods of extraction/purification are important to preserve the quality and functional properties of these ingredients. This paper discusses the extraction methods for insect protein, lipid, and chitin, their functional properties, and potential applications in food and feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Bibek Byanju
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Buddhi P Lamsal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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12
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Vaidya G, Pramanik S, Kadi A, Rayshan AR, Abualsoud BM, Ansari MJ, Masood R, Michaelson J. Injecting hope: chitosan hydrogels as bone regeneration innovators. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:756-797. [PMID: 38300215 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2304952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous bone regeneration encounters substantial restrictions in cases of bone defects, demanding external intervention to improve the repair and regeneration procedure. The field of bone tissue engineering (BTE), which embraces a range of disciplines, offers compelling replacements for conventional strategies like autografts, allografts, and xenografts. Among the diverse scaffolding materials utilized in BTE applications, hydrogels have demonstrated great promise as templates for the regeneration of bone owing to their resemblance to the innate extracellular matrix. In spite of the advancement of several biomaterials, chitosan (CS), a natural biopolymer, has garnered significant attention in recent years as a beneficial graft material for producing injectable hydrogels. Injectable hydrogels based on CS formulations provide numerous advantages, including their capacity to absorb and preserve a significant amount of water, their minimally invasive character, the existence of porous structures, and their capability to adapt accurately to irregular defects. Moreover, combining CS with other naturally derived or synthetic polymers and bioactive materials has displayed its effectiveness as a feasible substitute for traditional grafts. We aim to spotlight the composition, production, and physicochemical characteristics and practical utilization of CS-based injectable hydrogels, explicitly focusing on their potential implementations in bone regeneration. We consider this review a fundamental resource and a source of inspiration for future research attempts to pioneer the next era of tissue-engineering scaffold materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Vaidya
- Department of Studies and Research in Food Technology, Davangere University, Davangere, India
| | - Sheersha Pramanik
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ammar Kadi
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Ahmed Raheem Rayshan
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Bassam M Abualsoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehana Masood
- Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jacob Michaelson
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
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13
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Rossi N, Grosso C, Delerue-Matos C. Shrimp Waste Upcycling: Unveiling the Potential of Polysaccharides, Proteins, Carotenoids, and Fatty Acids with Emphasis on Extraction Techniques and Bioactive Properties. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:153. [PMID: 38667770 PMCID: PMC11051396 DOI: 10.3390/md22040153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrimp processing generates substantial waste, which is rich in valuable components such as polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, and fatty acids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the valorization of shrimp waste, mainly shrimp shells, focusing on extraction methods, bioactivities, and potential applications of these bioactive compounds. Various extraction techniques, including chemical extraction, microbial fermentation, enzyme-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and pressurized techniques are discussed, highlighting their efficacy in isolating polysaccharides, proteins, carotenoids, and fatty acids from shrimp waste. Additionally, the bioactivities associated with these compounds, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties, among others, are elucidated, underscoring their potential in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical applications. Furthermore, the review explores current and potential utilization avenues for these bioactive compounds, emphasizing the importance of sustainable resource management and circular economy principles in maximizing the value of shrimp waste. Overall, this review paper aims to provide insights into the multifaceted aspects of shrimp waste valorization, offering valuable information for researchers, industries, and policymakers interested in sustainable resource utilization and waste-management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (N.R.); (C.D.-M.)
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14
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Zhang Z, Ma Z, Song L, Farag MA. Maximizing crustaceans (shrimp, crab, and lobster) by-products value for optimum valorization practices: A comparative review of their active ingredients, extraction, bioprocesses and applications. J Adv Res 2024; 57:59-76. [PMID: 37931655 PMCID: PMC10918363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processing of the three major crustaceans (shrimp, lobster, and crab) is associated with inevitable by-products, high waste disposal costs, environmental and human health issues, loss of multiple biomaterials (chitin, protein hydrolysates, lipids, astaxanthin and minerals). Nowadays, these bioresources are underutilized owing to the lack of effective and standardized technologies to convert these materials into valued industrial forms. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to provide a holistic overview of the various bioactive ingredients and applications within major crustaceans by-products. This review aims to compare various extraction methods in crustaceans by-products, which will aid identify a more workable platform to minimize waste disposal and maximize its value for best valorization practices. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The fully integrated applications (agriculture, food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, paper industries, etc.) of multiple biomaterials from crustaceans by-products are presented. The pros and cons of the various extraction methods, including chemical (acid and alkali), bioprocesses (enzymatic or fermentation), physical (microwave, ultrasound, hot water and carbonic acid process), solvent (ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, EDTA) and electrochemistry are detailed. The rapid development of corresponding biotechnological attempts present a simple, fast, effective, clean, and controllable bioprocess for the comprehensive utilization of crustacean waste that has yet to be applied at an industrial level. One feasible way for best valorization practices is to combine innovative extraction techniques with industrially applicable technologies to efficiently recover these valuable components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenmin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., Cairo P.B. 11562, Egypt.
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15
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Yi K, Miao S, Yang B, Li S, Lu Y. Harnessing the Potential of Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Enhanced Functionalities in Food Applications. Foods 2024; 13:439. [PMID: 38338575 PMCID: PMC10855628 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the most abundant natural polysaccharides that possess good biological activity, chitosan is extracted from chitin. Its application in the food field is being increasingly valued. However, chitosan extraction is difficult, and its poor solubility limits its application. At present, the extraction methods include the acid-base method, new chemical methods, and biological methods. The extraction rates of chitin/chitosan are 4-55%, 13-14%, and 15-28%, respectively. Different chemical modifications have different effects on chitosan, making it applicable in different fields. This article reviews and compares the extraction and chemical modification methods of chitosan, emphasizing the importance of green extraction methods. Finally, the application prospects of chitosan in the food industry are discussed. This will promote the understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of different extraction methods for chitosan as well as the relationship between modification and application, providing valuable insights for the future development of chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Yi
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Shiyuan Miao
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Bixing Yang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Sijie Li
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (K.Y.); (S.M.); (B.Y.); (S.L.)
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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16
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Fernando SS, Jo C, Mudannayake DC, Jayasena DD. An overview of the potential application of chitosan in meat and meat products. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121477. [PMID: 37985042 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is considered the second most ubiquitous polysaccharide next to cellulose. It has gained prominence in various industries including biomedicine, textile, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and notably, the food industry over the last few decades. The polymer's continual attention within the food industry can be attributed to the increasing popularity of greener means of packaging and demand for foods incorporated with natural alternatives instead of synthetic additives. Its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and film-forming abilities reinforced by the polymer's biocompatible, biodegradable, and nontoxic nature have fostered its usage in food packaging and preservation. Microbial activity and lipid oxidation significantly influence the shelf-life of meat, resulting in unfavorable changes in nutritional and sensory properties during storage. In this review, the scientific studies published in recent years regarding potential applications of chitosan in meat products; and their effects on shelf-life extension and sensory properties are discussed. The utilization of chitosan in the form of films, coatings, and additives in meat products has supported the extension of shelf-life while inducing a positive impact on their organoleptic properties. The nature of chitosan and its compatibility with various materials make it an ideal biopolymer to be used in novel arenas of food technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandithi S Fernando
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Cheorun Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, South Korea.
| | - Deshani C Mudannayake
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Dinesh D Jayasena
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka.
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17
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Azelee NIW, Dahiya D, Ayothiraman S, Noor NM, Rasid ZIA, Ramli ANM, Ravindran B, Iwuchukwu FU, Selvasembian R. Sustainable valorization approaches on crustacean wastes for the extraction of chitin, bioactive compounds and their applications - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126492. [PMID: 37634772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The unscientific disposal of the most abundant crustacean wastes, especially those derived from marine sources, affects both the economy and the environment. Strategic waste collection and management is the need of the hour. Sustainable valorization approaches have played a crucial role in solving those issues as well as generating wealth from waste. The shellfishery wastes are rich in valuable bioactive compounds such as chitin, chitosan, minerals, carotenoids, lipids, and other amino acid derivatives. These value-added components possessed pleiotropic applications in different sectors viz., food, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, agro-industrial, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sectors. The manuscript covers the recent status, scope of shellfishery management, and different bioactive compounds obtained from crustacean wastes. In addition, both sustainable and conventional routes of valorization approaches were discussed with their merits and demerits along with their combinations. The utilization of nano and microtechnology was also included in the discussion, as they have become prominent research areas in recent years. More importantly, the future perspectives of crustacean waste management and other potential valorization approaches that can be implemented on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izyan Wan Azelee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Digvijay Dahiya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem 534101, West Godavari Dist, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Seenivasan Ayothiraman
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem 534101, West Godavari Dist, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Norhayati Mohamed Noor
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; UTM Innovation & Commercialisation Centre, Industry Centre, UTM Technovation Park, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaitul Iffa Abd Rasid
- UTM Research Ethics Committee, Department of Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; Bio Aromatic Research Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Felicitas U Iwuchukwu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University 29631, South Carolina USA
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India.
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18
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Zhang J, Mohd Said F, Jing Z. Hydrogels based on seafood chitin: From extraction to the development. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126482. [PMID: 37640188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Chitin is extensively applied in vast applications due to its excellent biological properties, such as biodegradable and non-toxic. About 50 % of waste generated during seafood processing is chitin. Conventionally, chitin is extracted via chemical method. However, it has many shortcomings. Many novel extraction methods have emerged, including enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, ultrasonic or microwave-assisted, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents. Chitin and its derivatives-based hydrogels have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties. Nevertheless, they all have many limitations. Therefore, the preparation and application of chitin and its derivatives-based hydrogels are still facing great challenges. This review focuses on the challenges and prospects for sustainable chitin extraction from seafood waste and the preparation and application of chitin and its derivatives-based hydrogels. First section summarizes the mechanism and application of several methods of extracting chitin. The different extraction methods were evaluated from the aspects of yield, degree of acetylation, and protein and mineral residuals. The shortcomings of the extraction methods are also discussed. Next section summarizes the preparation and application of chitin and its derivatives-based hydrogels. Overall, we hope this mini-review can provide a practical reference for selecting chitin extraction methods from seafood and applying chitin and its derivatives-based hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanni Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Farhan Mohd Said
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Zhanxin Jing
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, 524088 Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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19
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Gharibzadeh M, Osfouri S, Jamekhorshid A, Jafari SA. Microbial chitin extraction and characterization from green tiger shrimp waste: A comparative study of culture mediums along with bioprocess optimization. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125213. [PMID: 37276906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to introduce a low-cost, non-commercial culture medium and optimize the operating conditions for biological chitin extraction from green tiger shrimp waste in the Persian Gulf zone. For this purpose, the two most commonly used microorganisms, Bacillus licheniformis and Lactobacillus plantarum, were obtained to deproteinize and demineralize the shrimp shells within both culture mediums using a successive two-stage process. It was found that the proposed non-commercial culture medium was more efficient than the purchased and ready-to-use commercial medium and increased deproteinization and demineralization efficiency by 9 % and 11 %, respectively. According to the optimization, which was performed using a response surface methodology based on a central composite design, the demineralization model is more complicated than the deproteinization model. The presented model predicted deproteinization and demineralization yields with good accuracy. The FTIR results revealed that shrimp shells and chitin have similar main functional groups, while the degree of acetylation of the extracted chitin was 62.26 %. SEM results illustrated the formation of microfibrils and the chitin structure's porosity. The XRD data showed that the crystallinity index of chitin was 93.9 %. Besides, the thermal stability of the extracted chitin, with a maximum degradation temperature of 380 °C is comparable with the literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Gharibzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Shahriar Osfouri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Jamekhorshid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Jafari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
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20
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Li J, Song R, Zou X, Wei R, Wang J. Simultaneous Preparation of Chitin and Flavor Protein Hydrolysates from the By-Products of Shrimp Processing by One-Step Fermentation with Lactobacillus fermuntum. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093761. [PMID: 37175194 PMCID: PMC10179846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One-step fermentation, inoculated with Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) in shrimp by-products, was carried out to obtain chitin and flavor protein hydrolysates at the same time. The fermentation conditions were optimized using response surface methodology, resulting in chitin with a demineralization rate of 89.48%, a deproteinization rate of 85.11%, and a chitin yield of 16.3%. The surface of chitin after fermentation was shown to be not dense, and there were a lot of pores. According to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns, the fermented chitin belonged to α-chitin. More than 60 volatiles were identified from the fermentation broth after chitin extraction using gas chromatography-ion transfer spectrometry analysis. L. fermentum fermentation decreased the intensities of volatile compounds related to unsaturated fatty acid oxidation or amino acid deamination. By contrast, much more pleasant flavors related to fruity and roasted aroma were all enhanced in the fermentation broth. Our results suggest an efficient one-step fermentation technique to recover chitin and to increase aroma and flavor constituents from shrimp by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Ru Song
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Rongbian Wei
- School of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities, Chongzuo 532200, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Research Office of Marine Biological Resources Utilization and Development, Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
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21
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Sulthan R, Reghunadhan A, Sambhudevan S. A new era of chitin synthesis and dissolution using Deep Eutectic Solvents- Comparison with Ionic Liquids. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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22
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Yuvaraj D, Jeevanantham S, Aishwaria P, Gnanasri PB, Gopinath M, Rangasamy G. A review on extraction of polysaccharides from crustacean wastes and their environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115306. [PMID: 36682444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of biodegradable waste of seashells leads to an environmental imbalance. A tremendous amount of wastes produced from flourishing shell fish industries while preparing crustaceans for human consumption can be directed towards proper utilization. The review of the present study focuses on these polysaccharides from crustaceans and a few important industrial applications. This review aimed to emphasize the current research on structural analyses and extraction of polysaccharides. The article summarises the properties of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides and their derivatives that make them non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Different extraction methods of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides have been discussed in detail. Additionally, this information outlines possible uses for derivatives of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides in the environmental, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and food industries. Additionally, it is essential to the textile, cosmetic, and enzyme-immobilization industries. This review focuses on new, insightful suggestions for raising the value of crustacean shell waste by repurposing a highly valuable material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - D Yuvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - S Jeevanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P Aishwaria
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - P B Gnanasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - M Gopinath
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangaragan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Sixto-Berrocal AM, Vázquez-Aldana M, Miranda-Castro SP, Martínez-Trujillo MA, Cruz-Díaz MR. Chitin/chitosan extraction from shrimp shell waste by a completely biotechnological process. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123204. [PMID: 36634792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Two lactic bacteria were used in sequential co-cultures to demineralize (DM) and deproteinize (DP) shrimp shells (SS) to obtain chitin. During the first 24 h, Lactobacillus delbrueckii performed the DM in a minimal medium containing 100 g/L SS and 50 g/L glucose. Then, three different conditions were assayed to complete DM and perform the DP stage: 1) Bifidobacterium lactis was added with 35 g/L of glucose (Ld-G → Bl-G); 2) only B. lactis was added (Ld-G → Bl); and 3) a 35 g/L pulse of glucose was added, and at 48 h, B. lactis was inoculated (Ld-G → G → Bl). The highest DM (98.63 %) and DP (88 %) were obtained using a glucose pulse in the DM step and controlling the pH value above 6.0 in the DP step. Finally, a deacetylases cocktail produced by Aspergillus niger catalyzed the deacetylation of the resulting chitin. The chitosan samples had a deacetylation degree higher than 78 % and a solubility of 25 % in 1.0 N acetic acid. The deacetylation yield was 74 % after a mild chemical treatment, with a molecular weight of 71.31 KDa. This work reports an entirely biological process to get chitin and chitosan from SS with high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Sixto-Berrocal
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Valle de Anáhuac, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México 55210, Mexico; Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Campo Uno, Av. 1° de mayo s/n Colonia Santa Ma. Las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México C.P. 54740, Mexico
| | - Marlenne Vázquez-Aldana
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Valle de Anáhuac, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México 55210, Mexico
| | - Susana Patricia Miranda-Castro
- Área de las Ciencias Biológicas, Químicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Campo Uno, Av. 1° de mayo s/n Colonia Santa Ma. Las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México C.P. 54740, Mexico
| | - M Aurora Martínez-Trujillo
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Valle de Anáhuac, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México 55210, Mexico.
| | - Martín R Cruz-Díaz
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Av. Tecnológico S/N, Valle de Anáhuac, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México 55210, Mexico; Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Campo Uno, Av. 1° de mayo s/n Colonia Santa Ma. Las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México C.P. 54740, Mexico.
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Wang H, Zhang H, Liu L, Ma K, Huang J, Zhang J. Design and experimental study on closed-loop process of preparing chitosan from crab shells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023. [PMID: 36807387 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to design a green and comprehensive utilization process for preparing chitosan from crab shells. Glutamate acid was used as a decalcifying agent for crab shells, and the mixed solution of potassium hydroxide/isopropanol was used for deproteinization and deacetylation to prepare chitosan. Glutamic acid and isopropanol could be recovered for recycling. At the same time, calcium carbonate and protein in crab shells were converted into calcium hydrogen phosphate and compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. The prepared chitosan was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and its deacetylation degree and viscosity average molecular weight were 88.7% ± 0.68% and 792.1 ± 10.82 kDa, respectively. The recoveries of glutamic acid and isopropanol were 95.56% ± 1.39% and 88.14% ± 1.13%, respectively. The prepared chitosan has large molecular weight and deacetylation degree, controllable production cost, comprehensive utilization of crab shell components, and greatly reduced waste emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Wang
- College of Biology and Environment, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huien Zhang
- College of Biology and Environment, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Liu
- College of Biology and Environment, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kunqin Ma
- College of Biology and Environment, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinqin Huang
- College of Biology and Environment, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Biology and Environment, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Islam N, Hoque M, Taharat SF. Recent advances in extraction of chitin and chitosan. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Bhowmik S, Agyei D, Ali A. Bioactive chitosan and essential oils in sustainable active food packaging: Recent trends, mechanisms, and applications. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Hu L, Qiu W, Feng Y, Jin Y, Deng S, Tao N, Jin Y. Effect of Recycling Ohmic Heating on the Preparation of Chitosan from the Portunus trituberculatus Crab Shells. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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28
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Chitin, Chitosan, and Nanochitin: Extraction, Synthesis, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193989. [PMID: 36235937 PMCID: PMC9571330 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustacean shells are a sustainable source of chitin. Extracting chitin from crustacean shells is ongoing research, much of which is devoted to devising a sustainable process that yields high-quality chitin with minimal waste. Chemical and biological methods have been used extensively for this purpose; more recently, methods based on ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents have been explored. Extracted chitin can be converted into chitosan or nanochitin. Once chitin is obtained and modified into the desired form, it can be used in a wide array of applications, including as a filler material, in adsorbents, and as a component in biomaterials, among others. Describing the extraction of chitin, synthesis of chitosan and nanochitin, and applications of these materials is the aim of this review. The first section of this review summarizes and compares common chitin extraction methods, highlighting the benefits and shortcomings of each, followed by descriptions of methods to convert chitin into chitosan and nanochitin. The second section of this review discusses some of the wide range of applications of chitin and its derivatives.
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29
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Green and eco-friendly approaches for the extraction of chitin and chitosan: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhang Q, Xiang Q, Li Y. One-step bio-extraction of chitin from shrimp shells by successive co-fermentation using Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Singh S, Negi T, Sagar NA, Kumar Y, Tarafdar A, Sirohi R, Sindhu R, Pandey A. Sustainable processes for treatment and management of seafood solid waste. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152951. [PMID: 34999071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Seafood processing is an important economical activity worldwide and is an integral part of the food chain system. However, their processing results in solid waste generation whose disposal and management is a serious concern. Proteins, amino acids, lipids with high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), carotenoids, and minerals are abundant in the discards, effluents, and by-catch of seafood processing waste. As a result, it causes nutritional loss and poses major environmental risks. To solve the issues, it is critical that the waste be exposed to secondary processing and valorization for recovery of value added products. Although chemical waste treatment technologies are available, the majority of these procedures have inherent flaws. Biological solutions, on the other hand, are safe, efficacious, and ecologically friendly while maintaining the intrinsic bioactivities after waste conversion. Microbial fermentation or the actions of exogenously introduced enzymes on waste components are used in most bioconversion processes. Algal biotechnology has recently developed unique technologies for biotransformation of nutrients, which may be employed as a feedstock for the recovery of important chemicals as well as biofuel. Bioconversion methods combined with a bio-refinery strategy offer the potential to enable environmentally-friendly and cost-effective seafood waste management. The refinement of these wastes through sustainable bioprocessing interventions can give rise to various circular bioeconomies within the seafood processing sector. Moreover, a techno-economic perspective on the developed solid waste processing lines and its subsequent environmental impact could facilitate commercialization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view and critical analysis of the recent updates in seafood waste processing in terms of bioconversion processes and byproduct development. Various case studies on circular bioeconomy formulated on seafood processing waste along with techno-economic feasibility for the possible development of sustainable seafood biorefineries have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikhangi Singh
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, -263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Taru Negi
- Department of Food Science and Technology(,) G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 125, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Narashans Alok Sagar
- Food Microbiology Lab, Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Saint Longwal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Punjab, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section(,) ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136 713, Republic of Korea; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute for Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India.
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32
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Hao ZK, Li JS, Wang DH, He F, Xue JS, Yin LH, Zheng HB. Efficient production of GlcNAc in an aqueous-organic system with a Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 mutant. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:623-633. [PMID: 35384608 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shellfish waste is a primary source for making N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Thus, establishing a high-efficiency and low-cost bioconversion method to produce N-acetyl-D-glucosamine directly from shellfish waste was promising. RESULTS A mutant C81 was obtained from Chitinolyticbacter meiyuanensis SYBC-H1 via 60Co-γ irradiation. This mutant C81 showed the highest chitinase activity of 9.8 U/mL that was 85% higher than the parent strain. The mutant C81 exhibted improved antioxidant activities, including total antioxidant capacity, superoxide radical ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, compared to that of the parent strain. Four out of nine organic solvents increased the chitinase activity by 1.9%, 6.8%, 11.7%, and 15.8%, corresponding to methylbenzene, n-heptane, petroleum ether, and n-hexane, respectively. The biphase system composed of aqueous and hexane presented a five-fold reduction of cell viability compared to the control. Using a continuous fermentation bioconversion process, 4.2 g/L GlcNAc was produced from crayfish shell powder with a yield of 80% of the chitin content. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the mutant C81 is suitable for converting crayfish shell powder into GlcNAc in an aqueous-organic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kui Hao
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jian-Song Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Dan-Hua Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Fei He
- School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, Taizhou Vocational and Technical College, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jing-Shi Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Liang-Hong Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Hua-Bao Zheng
- College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Cahyaningtyas HAA, Suyotha W, Cheirsilp B, Prihanto AA, Yano S, Wakayama M. Optimization of protease production by Bacillus cereus HMRSC30 for simultaneous extraction of chitin from shrimp shell with value-added recovered products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:22163-22178. [PMID: 34780017 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chitin extraction from shrimp shell powder (SSP) using protease-producing microbes is an attractive approach for valorizing shrimp shell waste because it is simple and environmentally friendly. In this study, the protease production and chitin extraction from SSP by Bacillus cereus HMRSC30 were simultaneously optimized using statistical approaches. As a result, fermentation in medium composed of 30 g/L SSP, 0.2 g/L MgSO4 · 7H2O, 3 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.5 g/L K2HPO4, and 1.5 g/L KH2PO4 (pH 6.5) for 7 days maximized protease production (197.75 ± 0.33 U/mL) to approximately 1.64-fold compared to unoptimized condition (126.8 ± 0.047 U/mL). This level of enzyme production was enough to achieve 97.42 ± 0.28% deproteinization (DP) but low demineralization (DM) of 53.76 ± 0.21%. The high DM of 90% could be easily accomplished with the post-treatment using 0.4 M HCl and acetic acid. In addition, the study evaluated the possible roadmap to maximize the value of generated products and obtain additional profits from this microbial process. The observation showed the possibility of serving crude chitin as a bio-adsorbent with the highest removal capacity against Coomassie brilliant blue (97.99%), followed by methylene blue (74.42%). The recovered protease exhibited the function to remove egg yolk stain, indicating its potential for use as a detergent in de-staining. The results corroborated the benefits of microbial fermentation by B. cereus HMRSC30 as green process for comprehensive utilization of shrimp shell waste as well as minimizing waste generation along the established process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmi Amanah Aditya Cahyaningtyas
- International Program in Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Wasana Suyotha
- International Program in Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Benjamas Cheirsilp
- International Program in Biotechnology, Center of Excellence in Innovative Biotechnology for Sustainable Utilization of Bioresources, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Asep Awaludin Prihanto
- Department Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65415, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Shigekazu Yano
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mamoru Wakayama
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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Chen Y, Ling Z, Mamtimin T, Khan A, Peng L, Yang J, Ali G, Zhou T, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Li X. Chitooligosaccharides production from shrimp chaff in chitosanase cell surface display system. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118894. [PMID: 34893296 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitin refers to a natural biopolymer, which is economically significant to next-generation biorefineries. In this study, a novel high-yield method with cell surface-display chitosanase (CHI-1) was built to produce chitooligosaccharides (COS) from shrimp chaff through the co-fermentation in the presence of Bacillus subtilis and Acetobacter sp. Under the optimized co-fermentation conditions (5 g/L yeast extracts, 10 g/L KH2PO4, 6% ethanol, 50 g/L glucose), the final deproteinization (DP) and demineralization (DM) efficiency and the chitin yield were achieved as 94, 92 and 18%, respectively. The engineered E. coli BL21-pET23b(+)-NICHI maintained 81% of the initial enzyme activity after 40 days at room temperature. The crude CHI-1 was inactivated after one-day interacting with prepared chitosan. Moreover, E. coli BL21-pET23b(+)-NICHI still maintained excellent hydrolysis ability in 7 days, and the COS yield reached 41%. Accordingly, the proposed method exhibited excellent stability and a high hydrolysis efficiency to produce COS with whole engineered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Zhenmin Ling
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Tursunay Mamtimin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Aman Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Liang Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Gohar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Academy of Membrane Science and Technology, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, PR China
| | - Tuoyu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Tianshuinanlu #222, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China; Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Academy of Membrane Science and Technology, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, PR China.
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Rasweefali M, Sabu S, Muhammed Azad K, Raseel Rahman M, Sunooj K, Sasidharan A, Anoop K. Influence of deproteinization and demineralization process sequences on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of chitin isolated from Deep-sea mud shrimp (Solenocera hextii). ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Bioprocessing of Shrimp Waste Using Novel Industrial By-Products: Effects on Nutrients and Lipophilic Antioxidants. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of marine foods is on the rise, and shrimp is one of the most widely consumed. As a result, a considerable amount of shrimp waste is generated, becoming a hazardous problem. Shrimp waste is a rich source of added-value components such as proteins, lipids, chitin, minerals, and carotenoids; however, new bioprocesses are needed to obtain these components. This work aimed to characterize the chemical and nutraceutical constituents from the liquor of shrimp waste recovered during a lactic acid fermentation process using the novel substrate sources whey and molasses. Our results showed that the lyophilized liquor is a rich source of proteins (25.40 ± 0.67%), carbohydrates (38.92 ± 0.19%), minerals (calcium and potassium), saturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, myristic and lauric acids), unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic, and palmitoleic acids), and astaxanthin (0.50 ± 0.02 µg astaxanthin/g). Moreover, fermentation is a bioprocess that allowed us to obtain antioxidants such as carotenoids with an antioxidant capacity of 154.43 ± 4.73 µM Trolox equivalent/g evaluated by the ABTS method. Our study showed that liquor from shrimp waste fermentation could be a source of nutraceutical constituents with pharmaceutical applications. However, further studies are needed to separate these added-value components from the liquor matrix.
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Abstract
Marine sources are gaining popularity and attention as novel materials for manufacturing biopolymers such as proteins and polysaccharides. Due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity features, these biopolymers have been claimed to be beneficial in the development of food packaging materials. Several studies have thoroughly researched the extraction, isolation, and latent use of marine biopolymers in the fabrication of environmentally acceptable packaging. Thus, a review was designed to provide an overview of (a) the chemical composition, unique properties, and extraction methods of marine biopolymers; (b) the application of marine biopolymers in film and coating development for improved shelf-life of packaged foods; (c) production flaws and proposed solutions for better isolation of marine biopolymers; (d) methods of preparation of edible films and coatings from marine biopolymers; and (e) safety aspects. According to our review, these biopolymers would make a significant component of a biodegradable food packaging system, reducing the amount of plastic packaging used and resulting in considerable environmental and economic benefits.
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Pal K, Rakshit S, Mondal KC, Halder SK. Microbial decomposition of crustacean shell for production of bioactive metabolites and study of its fertilizing potential. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58915-58928. [PMID: 33660173 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crustacean shell waste disposal is considered as biggest problem in seafood processing centers. Incineration and landfilling are the commonest ways of disposal of the waste which causes environmental pollution. Microbial bio-conversion is one of the promising approaches to minimize the wastes by utilizing the same for deriving different value added metabolites. In this perspective, chitinase- and protease-producing bacterial strains were isolated from shrimp culture pond, and the potent isolate was subsequently identified as Alcaligenes faecalis SK10. Fermentative optimization of the production of chitinase (85.42 U/ml), protease (58.57 U/ml), and their catalytic products, viz., N-acetylamino sugar (84 μg/ml) and free amino acids (112 μg/ml), were carried out by utilizing shrimp and crab shell powder as principal substrate. The fermented hydrolysate (FH) was subsequently applied to evaluate its potential to be a candidate fertilizer for the growth of leguminous plant Pisum sativum and Cicer arietinum, and the results were compared with chitin, chitosan, and commercial biofertilizer amended group. The results revealed that FH have paramount potential to improve plants morpho-physiological parameters like stem and root length, chlorophyll, cellular RNA, protein content, and soil physico-chemical parameters like total nitrogen, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, and potassium significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, the application of FH also selectively encouraged the growth of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Rhizobium, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the soil by 4.82- and 5.27-, 5.57- and 4.71, and 7.64- and 6.92-fold, respectively, in the rhizosphere of P. sativum and C. arietinum, which collectively is a good sign for an ideal biofertilizer. Co-supplementation of FH with commercial PGPR-biofertilizer significantly influenced the morpho-physiological attributes of plant and physico-chemical and microbial attributes of soil. The study validated proficient and sustainable utilization of fermented hydrolysate of waste crustacean shell as biofertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyanbrata Pal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721 102, India
| | - Subham Rakshit
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721 102, India
| | - Keshab Chandra Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721 102, India
| | - Suman Kumar Halder
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, 721 102, India.
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Sharma S, Kaur N, Kaur R, Kaur R. A review on valorization of chitinous waste. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xie J, Xie W, Yu J, Xin R, Shi Z, Song L, Yang X. Extraction of Chitin From Shrimp Shell by Successive Two-Step Fermentation of Exiguobacterium profundum and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:677126. [PMID: 34594309 PMCID: PMC8476949 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.677126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As an environmentally friendly and efficient method, successive two-step fermentation has been applied for extracting chitin from shrimp shells. To screen out the microorganisms for fermentation, a protease-producing strain, Exiguobacterium profundum, and a lactic acid-producing strain, Lactobacillus acidophilus, were isolated from the traditional fermented shrimp paste. Chitin was extracted by successive two-step fermentation with these two strains, and 85.9 ± 1.2% of protein and 95 ± 3% of minerals were removed. The recovery and yield of chitin were 47.82 and 16.32%, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the chitin. The crystallinity index was 54.37%, and the degree of deacetylation was 3.67%, which was lower than that of chitin extracted by the chemical method. These results indicated that successive two-step fermentation using these two bacterial strains could be applied to extract chitin. This work provides a suitable strategy for developing an effective method to extract chitin by microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Xie
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wancui Xie
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongyu Xin
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenping Shi
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao, China
| | - Xihong Yang
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Keda Future Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
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41
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Recent developments in valorisation of bioactive ingredients in discard/seafood processing by-products. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rakshit S, Mondal S, Pal K, Jana A, Soren JP, Barman P, Mondal KC, Halder SK. Extraction of chitin from Litopenaeus vannamei shell and its subsequent characterization: an approach of waste valorization through microbial bioprocessing. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1943-1956. [PMID: 33956220 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical extraction of chitin is very hazardous and costly which can be overwhelmed by microbial bioprocessing. In this study, potent protease and lactic acid-producing bacteria were screened and identified as Alcaligens faecalis S3 and Bacillus coagulans L2, respectively. Productions of protease and lactic acid by the respective bacterial strains were optimized. The shell of Litopenaeus vannamei was sequentially treated with the partially purified protease and lactic acid and the treatment conditions were optimized for betterment of chitin yield. Spectral characterization by SEM-EDS, IR, XRD, NMR, XPS and thermal characterization by TG and DTG analysis of the extracted chitin was made and compared with commercial one. It was revealed that both the chitin have similar characteristics. Therefore, it can be articulated that chitin can be extracted from crustacean shells in pure form by microbial bioprocessing which will be a good catch for biorefinary industries for chitin extraction through greener route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Rakshit
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Mondal
- Centre for Life Science, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Kalyanbrata Pal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Jana
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, 248005, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash Soren
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Keshab Chandra Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Kumar Halder
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India.
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Establishment of successive co-fermentation by Bacillus subtilis and Acetobacter pasteurianus for extracting chitin from shrimp shells. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 258:117720. [PMID: 33593582 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To simplify the process of chitin bio-extraction from shrimp shells powder (SSP), successive co-fermentation using Bacillus subtilis and Acetobacter pasteurianus was explored in this work. Among three protease-producer (B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, and B. cereus), only B. subtilis exhibited high compatibility with A. pasteurianus in co-culture. Successive co-fermentation was constructed as follows: deproteinization was performed for 3 d by culturing B. subtilis in the medium containing 50 g·L-1 SSP, 50 g·L-1 glucose, and 1 g·L-1 yeast extracts; After feeding 5 g·L-1 KH2PO4 and 6 % (v/v) ethanol, A. pasteurianus was cultured for another 2 d without replacing and re-sterilizing medium. Through 5 d of fermentation, the final deproteinization, demineralization efficiency, and chitin yield reached 94.5 %, 92.0 %, and 18.0 %, respectively. This purified chitin had lower molecular weight (12.8 kDa) and higher deacetylation degree (19.6 %) compared with commercial chitin (18.5 kDa, 6.7 %), and showed excellent structural characterization of FESEM and FT-IR analysis.
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Muthu M, Gopal J, Chun S, Devadoss AJP, Hasan N, Sivanesan I. Crustacean Waste-Derived Chitosan: Antioxidant Properties and Future Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:228. [PMID: 33546282 PMCID: PMC7913366 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is obtained from chitin that in turn is recovered from marine crustacean wastes. The recovery methods and their varying types and the advantages of the recovery methods are briefly discussed. The bioactive properties of chitosan, which emphasize the unequivocal deliverables contained by this biopolymer, have been concisely presented. The variations of chitosan and its derivatives and their unique properties are discussed. The antioxidant properties of chitosan have been presented and the need for more work targeted towards harnessing the antioxidant property of chitosan has been emphasized. Some portions of the crustacean waste are being converted to chitosan; the possibility that all of the waste can be used for harnessing this versatile multifaceted product chitosan is projected in this review. The future of chitosan recovery from marine crustacean wastes and the need to improve in this area of research, through the inclusion of nanotechnological inputs have been listed under future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Muthu
- Laboratory of Neo Natural Farming, Chunnampet, Tamil Nadu 603 401, India;
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.G.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Nazim Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan P.O. Box 114, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Begum S, Yuhana NY, Md Saleh N, Kamarudin NHN, Sulong AB. Review of chitosan composite as a heavy metal adsorbent: Material preparation and properties. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117613. [PMID: 33673980 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of wastewater is typically discharged into water bodies and has extremely harmful effects to aquatic environments. The removal of heavy metals from water bodies is necessary for the safe consumption of water and human activities. The demand for seafood has considerably increased, and millions of tons of crustacean waste are discarded every year. These waste products are rich in a natural biopolymer known as chitin. The deacetylated form of chitin, chitosan, has attracted attention as an adsorbent. It is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that can be modified and converted to various derivatives. This review paper focuses on relevant literature on strategies for chemically modifying the biopolymer and its use in the removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater. The different aspects of chitosan-based derivatives and their preparation and application are elucidated. A list of chitosan-based composites, along with their adsorptivity and experimental conditions, are compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbah Begum
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Yuliana Yuhana
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Noorashikin Md Saleh
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Sulong
- Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mathew GM, Mathew DC, Sukumaran RK, Sindhu R, Huang CC, Binod P, Sirohi R, Kim SH, Pandey A. Sustainable and eco-friendly strategies for shrimp shell valorization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115656. [PMID: 33254615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among the seafood used globally, shellfish consumption is in great demand. The utilization of these shellfish such as prawn/shrimp has opened a new market for the utilization of the shellfish wastes. Considering the trends on the production of wealth from wastes, shrimp shell wastes seem an important resource for the generation of high value products when processed on the principles of a biorefinery. In recent years, various chemical strategies have been tried to valorize the shrimp shell wastes, which required harsh chemicals such as HCl and NaOH for demineralization (DM) and deproteination (DP) of the shrimp wastes. Disposal of chemicals by the chitin and chitosan industries into the aquatic bodies pose harm to the aquatic flora and fauna. Thus, there has been intensive efforts to develop safe and sustainable technologies for the management of shrimp shell wastes. This review provides an insight about environmentally-friendly methods along with biological methods to valorize the shrimp waste compared to the strategies employing concentrated chemicals. The main objective of this review article is to explain the utilization shrimp shell wastes in a productive manner such that it would be offer environment and economic sustainability. The application of valorized by-products developed from the shrimp shell wastes and physical methods to improve the pretreatment process of shellfish wastes for valorization are also highlighted in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gincy Marina Mathew
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Dony Chacko Mathew
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Rajeev Kumar Sukumaran
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Post Harvest Process and Food Engineering, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263 145, India
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Center for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Frontier Research Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Alam O, Qiao X. Influences of chemically controlled Ca-bearing minerals in chitosan on Pb 2+ removal efficiency. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:993-1005. [PMID: 33312618 PMCID: PMC7721843 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly purified chitosan was generally preferred for heavy metal (HM) removal and the preparation parameters varied largely without any agreement. This study investigated to the influences of chitin with different purities on the HM removal of corresponding chitosan. Sea shrimp waste was used as raw materials and Pb2+ was used as target HM. The results of orthogonal experimental analysis showed that only acid concentration played an important role in the deproteinization and demineralization processes of the chitin preparation under HCl, H2SO4 and CH3COOH treatment. Ca-bearing minerals (CBM) but not free -NH2 group of chitosan played a major role in the removal of Pb2+ from solution. Partly purified chitosan mainly removed Pb2+ by precipitation and then biosorption. The dissociation of Ca2+ from CBM elevated pH value of Pb2+ solution which benefited to precipitation and the formation of NH2-Pb2+. Partly purified chitosan prepared from HCl and CH3COOH treated chitin showed 720-753 mg/g of Pb2+ adsorption at the initial pH value of 6.0; however, highly purified chitosan prepared from HCl treated chitin showed only 45-160 mg/g. Chitosan prepared from H2SO4 treated chitin showed 720-752 mg/g of Pb2+ adsorption. This research found the unexplored information for the industrial application of chitosan with minimum cost but the highest HM removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohidul Alam
- State - Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuchen Qiao
- State - Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
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Borić M, Vicente FA, Jurković DL, Novak U, Likozar B. Chitin isolation from crustacean waste using a hybrid demineralization/DBD plasma process. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tan JS, Abbasiliasi S, Lee CK, Phapugrangkul P. Chitin extraction from shrimp wastes by single step fermentation with
Lactobacillus acidophilus
FTDC3871 using response surface methodology. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor Malaysia
| | - Sahar Abbasiliasi
- Halal Products Research Institute Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology Universiti Sains Malaysia Gelugor Malaysia
| | - Pongsathon Phapugrangkul
- Biodiversity Research Centre Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research Pathumthani Thailand
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Shahbaz U. Chitin, Characteristic, Sources, and Biomedical Application. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1433-1443. [PMID: 32503407 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200605104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitin stands at second, after cellulose, as the most abundant polysaccharide in the world. Chitin is found naturally in marine environments as it is a crucial structural component of various marine organisms. METHODS Different amounts of waste chitin and chitosan can be discovered in the environment. Chitinase producing microbes help to hydrolyze chitin waste to play an essential function for the removal of chitin pollution in the Marine Atmosphere. Chitin can be converted by using chemical and biological methods into prominent derivate chitosan. Numerous bacteria naturally have chitin degrading ability. RESULTS Chitin shows promise in terms of biocompatibility, low toxicity, complete biodegradability, nontoxicity, and film-forming capability. The application of these polymers in the different sectors of biomedical, food, agriculture, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals could be lucrative. Moreover, the most recent achievement in nanotechnology is based on chitin and chitosan-based materials. CONCLUSION In this review, we examine chitin in terms of its natural sources and different extraction methods, chitinase producing microbes and chitin, chitosan together with its derivatives for use in biomedical and agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Shahbaz
- Jiangnan University, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University Wuxi, Jiansu, China
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