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Samudra AG, Nugroho AE, Murwanti R. Review of the pharmacological properties of marine macroalgae used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024; 82:597-617. [PMID: 38354976 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 70% of its territory covered by oceans that are rich in various types of biological resources. Indonesia's biodiversity has made it possible to develop natural medicine. Marine algae have enormous potential, but the types of marine algae used still need to be more varied. Research on the pharmacology of marine macroalgae has been conducted in Indonesia, but studies on such topic related to diabetes mellitus (DM) still need to be completed. This study provides a comprehensive dataset of pharmacological anti-diabetic potential of marine macroalgae used for managing DM and reports on preclinical trials that provide pharmacological evidence. Data on the Indonesian marine macroalgae used to lower blood glucose were obtained from online sources. The bioactive chemicals of marine macroalgae have been found efficient at blocking several diabetes enzymes in in-vivo and in-vitro studies, and such chemicals have anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antioxidant, and other therapeutic benefits. The Google Scholar was used to search for the pharmacological literature with the keywords marine AND macroalgae AND diabetes AND Indonesia. Pharmacological research on the anti-diabetic activity of marine macroalgae has been carried out on five major Indonesian islands, including Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi, and Papua, which encompassed 12 provinces: Southwest Papua, South Sulawesi, West Kalimantan, Riau Archipelago, Banten, West Java, North Sulawesi, East Java, Yogyakarta, Maluku, Jakarta, and Bengkulu. Articles on preclinical tests (in vitro and in vivo) were also used for the phytochemical problem section. The results briefly describe which class of algae has been widely used in Indonesia as an anti-diabetic. The findings of this research can be utilized to help find DM treatment drugs based on natural resources from marine macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agung Giri Samudra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bengkulu University, 38371 Bengkulu, Indonesia
| | - Agung Endro Nugroho
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Retno Murwanti
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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2
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Zhi N, Chang X, Wang X, Guo J, Chen J, Gui S. Recent advances in the extraction, purification, structural-property correlations, and antiobesity mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine-derived polysaccharides: a review. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1341583. [PMID: 38299183 PMCID: PMC10828026 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1341583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has displayed preventive and therapeutic effects on many complex diseases. As natural biological macromolecules, TCM-derived antiobesogenic polysaccharides (TCMPOs) exhibit notable weight-loss effects and are seen to be a viable tactic in the fight against obesity. Current studies demonstrate that the antiobesity activity of TCMPOs is closely related to their structural characteristics, which could be affected by the extraction and purification methods. Therefore, the extraction, purification and structural-property correlations of TCMPOs were discussed. Investigation of the antiobesity mechanism of TCMPOs is also essential for their improved application. Herein, the possible antiobesity mechanisms of TCMPOs are systematically summarized: (1) modulation of appetite and satiety effects, (2) suppression of fat absorption and synthesis, (3) alteration of the gut microbiota and their metabolites, and (4) protection of intestinal barriers. This collated information could provide some insights and offer a new therapeutic approach for the management and prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhi
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangwei Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
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Dong YH, Wang ZX, Chen C, Wang PP, Fu X. A review on the hypoglycemic effect, mechanism and application development of natural dietary polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127267. [PMID: 37820903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) as one chronic metabolic disease was greatly increased over recent decades. The major agents treating diabetes have noticeable side effects as well as the tolerability problems. The bioactive dietary polysaccharides from abundant natural resources exhibit good hypoglycemic effect with rare adverse effects, which might serve as a candidate to prevent and treat diabetes. However, the correlations between the hypoglycemic mechanism of polysaccharides and their structure were not mentioned in several studies, what's more, most of the current hypoglycemic studies on polysaccharides were based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, and there was a lack of knowledge about the effects in human clinical trials. The aim of this review is to discuss recent literature about the variety of dietary polysaccharides with hypoglycemic activity, as well the mechanism of action and the structure-function relationship are highlighted. Meanwhile, the application of dietary polysaccharides in functional foods and clinical medicine are realized with an in-depth understanding. So as to promote the exploration of dietary polysaccharides in low glycemic healthy foods or clinical medicine to prevent and treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Dong
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- College of life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Chun Chen
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangzhou Inst Modern Ind Technol, Nansha 511458, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ping-Ping Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- SCUT-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangzhou Inst Modern Ind Technol, Nansha 511458, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510640, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China.
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4
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Chen Q, Fan J, Lin L, Zhao M. Combination of Lycium barbarum L. and Laminaria japonica polysaccharides as a highly efficient prebiotic: Optimal screening and complementary regulation of gut probiotics and their metabolites. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125534. [PMID: 37355074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The combination of polysaccharides is an effective way to develop prebiotics with stable performance during processing and digestion for human wellness. However, there is little information on optimal screening and complementary regulation of compound polysaccharides. This study aimed to optimally select a combination of Lycium barbarum L. polysaccharide (LBP) and Laminaria japonica polysaccharide (LJP) as a highly efficient prebiotic to regulate the gut probiotics and their metabolites. Two LBPs characterized as rhamnogalacturonan I enriched pectins and two LJPs characterized as fucoidans were obtained by enzyme-assisted acid extraction at moderate and dramatic temperatures and combined in pairs to obtain 4 groups containing 4 proportional combinations. All combinations showed better prebiotic effects than individual LJP. The combination of LBP and LJP extracted at 50 °C at a ratio of 4:1 exhibited the strongest prebiotic effect. The optimal compound polysaccharide achieved superior effect and complementary function via LBP-targeted proliferation of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides and production of SCFAs and non-SCFA health-associated metabolites, LJP-targeted accumulation of butyrate-producing bacteria and corresponding metabolites, as well as synergistic effect of LJP and LBP at exact proportion. Our study provided theoretical and methodological guidance for optimal screening of compound polysaccharides as new prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianni Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China; Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China; Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
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Tang L, Xiao M, Cai S, Mou H, Li D. Potential Application of Marine Fucosyl-Polysaccharides in Regulating Blood Glucose and Hyperglycemic Complications. Foods 2023; 12:2600. [PMID: 37444337 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become the world's third major disease after tumors and cardiovascular disease. With the exploitation of marine biological resources, the efficacy of using polysaccharides isolated from marine organisms in blood glucose regulation has received widespread attention. Some marine polysaccharides can reduce blood glucose by inhibiting digestive enzyme activity, eliminating insulin resistance, and regulating gut microbiota. These polysaccharides are mainly fucose-containing sulphated polysaccharides from algae and sea cucumbers. It follows that the hypoglycemic activity of marine fucosyl-polysaccharides is closely related to their structure, such as their sulfate group, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and glycosidic bond type. However, the structure of marine fucosyl-polysaccharides and the mechanism of their hypoglycemic activity are not yet clear. Therefore, this review comprehensively covers the effects of marine fucosyl-polysaccharides sources, mechanisms and the structure-activity relationship on hypoglycemic activity. Moreover, the potential regulatory effects of fucosyl-polysaccharides on vascular complications caused by hyperglycemia are also summarized in this review. This review provides rationales for the activity study of marine fucosyl-polysaccharides and new insights into the high-value utilization of marine biological resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shenyuan Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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Huang Z, Chen J, Wang C, Xiao M, Zhu Y, Li N, Huang Z, Liu B, Huang Y. Antidiabetic potential of Chlorella pyrenoidosa functional formulations in streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
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7
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The characteristics of polysaccharide from Gracilaria chouae and its application in food packaging with carboxymethyl cellulose and lysozyme. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Structural Characterization and Anti-Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Effect of High-Sulfated Ulva pertusa Polysaccharide. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010062. [PMID: 36678559 PMCID: PMC9865482 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The high-sulfated derivative of Ulva pertusa polysaccharide (HU), with unclear structure, has better anti-hyperlipidmia activity than U pertusa polysaccharide ulvan (U). In this study, we explore the main structure of HU and its therapeutic effect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The main structure of HU was elucidated using FT-IR and NMR (13C, 1H, COSY, HSQC, HMBC). The anti-NAFLD activity of HU was explored using the high-fat diet mouse model to detect indicators of blood lipid and liver function and observe the pathologic changes in epididymal fat and the liver. Results showed that HU had these main structural fragments: →4)-β-D-Glcp(1→4)-α-L-Rhap2,3S(1→; →4)-α-L-Rhap3S(1→4)-β-D-Xylp2,3S(1→; →4)-α-L-Rhap3S(1→4)-β-D-Xylp(1→; →4)-α-L-IdopA3S(1→4)-α-L-Rhap3S(1→; →4)-β-D-GlcpA(1→3)-α-L-Rhap(1→; →4)-α-L-IdopA3S(1→4)-β-D-Glcp3Me(1→; →4)-β-D-Xylp2,3S(1→4)-α-L-IdopA3S(1→; and →4)-β-D-Xylp(1→4)-α-L-IdopA3S(1→. Treatment results indicated that HU markedly decreased levels of TC, LDL-C, TG, and AST. Furthermore, lipid droplets in the liver were reduced, and the abnormal enlargement of epididymal fat cells was suppressed. Thus, HU appears to have a protective effect on the development of NAFLD.
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9
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Lei HQ, Li DM, Woo MW, Zeng XA, Han Z, Wang RY. The antihyperglycemic effect of pulsed electric field-extracted polysaccharide of Kaempferia elegans officinale on streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1053811. [PMID: 36570142 PMCID: PMC9769402 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1053811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaempferia elegans polysaccharide (KEP) was extracted using a high-voltage pulsed electric field-assisted hot water method. Its physicochemical properties, in vitro activity and hypoglycemic effect was investigated. Experiments were undertaken with diabetic mice models and the potential mechanism of KEP to improve blood glucose levels was unveiled through measurements of relevant indicators in the serum and liver of the mice. Results showed that KEP is mainly composed of glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, and galactose. It has certain DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging ability and good α-glucosidase inhibitory ability, indicating that KEP has the potential to improve blood glucose levels in diabetes patients. The experimental results of KEP treatment on mice showed that KEP could control the continuous increase of fasting blood glucose levels. The potential mechanisms behind this blood glucose level control composes of (1) increasing the glucokinase and C peptide levels and decreasing Glucose-6-phosphatase content for improving key enzyme activity in the glucose metabolism pathway. This promotes the consumption of blood glucose during glycolysis, thereby inhibiting the production of endogenous glucose in gluconeogenesis pathway; (2) reducing triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increasing high density lipoprotein cholesterol content, for regulating blood lipid indicators to normal levels; and (3) by improving the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase for further improving the antioxidant defense system in the body to reduce blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Qing Lei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Wai Woo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- Department of Food Science, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China,Preparatory Office of Yangjiang Applied Undergraduate College, Yangjiang, China
| | - Zhong Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Preparatory Office of Yangjiang Applied Undergraduate College, Yangjiang, China,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, China,*Correspondence: Zhong Han,
| | - Ruo-Yong Wang
- Air Force Medical Center People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China,Ruo-Yong Wang,
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Luo D, Zeng J, Guan J, Xu Y, Jia RB, Chen J, Jiang G, Zhou C. Dietary Supplement of Amomum villosum Lour. Polysaccharide Attenuates Ulcerative Colitis in BALB/c Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223737. [PMID: 36429334 PMCID: PMC9689959 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomum villosum Lour. (A. villosum), a comestible medicinal plant, has been traditionally used in China to treat diarrhea, stomach fullness, and abdominal distension. Polysaccharide, the main chemical component of A. villosum, has been shown to possess potential antioxidant and glycosidase inhibitory activities; however, whether it has anticolitis activity is unknown. The aim of this research was to evaluate the anticolitis effects of A. villosum polysaccharide (AVLP) in BALB/c mice. The results showed that AVLP administration significantly reversed body weight loss, colon shortening and colon weight gain and decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in colitis mice (p < 0.05). AVLP administration also maintained intestinal barrier function by the upregulation of ZO-1 protein expression (p < 0.05). In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that AVLP possessed a great regulatory effect on the growth of Adlercreutzia, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Parabacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, and Alistipes (p < 0.05, LDA score > 2). The correlation analysis revealed that the protective effects against colitis of AVLP were highly correlated with intestinal bacterium regulation. These results suggest that AVLP intake could serve as a prospective nutritional strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Jiao Zeng
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Jingjing Guan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Guili Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
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Huang ZR, Huang QZ, Chen KW, Huang ZF, Liu Y, Jia RB, Liu B. Sanghuangporus vaninii fruit body polysaccharide alleviates hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia via modulating intestinal microflora in type 2 diabetic mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1013466. [PMID: 36337615 PMCID: PMC9632624 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1013466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is principally induced by insufficient insulin secretion and insulin resistance. In the current study, Sanghuangporus vaninii fruit body polysaccharide (SVP) was prepared and structurally characterized. It was shown that the yield of SVP was 1.91%, and SVP mainly contains small molecular weight polysaccharides. Afterward, the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects and the potential mechanism of SVP in T2DM mice were investigated. The results exhibited oral SVP could reverse the body weight loss, high levels of blood glucose, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation in T2DM mice. Oral SVP increased fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations of T2DM mice. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis illustrated that SVP can modulate the structure and function of intestinal microflora in T2DM mice, indicating as decreasing the levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, Flavonifractor, Odoribacter, and increasing the levels of Weissella, Alloprevotella, and Dubosiella. Additionally, the levels of predicted metabolic functions of Citrate cycle, GABAergic synapse, Insulin signaling pathway were increased, and those of Purine metabolism, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and Starch and sucrose metabolism were decreased in intestinal microflora after SVP treatment. These findings demonstrate that SVP could potentially play hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects by regulating gut microflora and be a promising nutraceutical for ameliorating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Rui Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi-Zhen Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ke-Wen Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Feng Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Liu,
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Liu,
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Siddiqui NZ, Rehman AU, Yousuf W, khan AI, Farooqui NA, Zang S, Xin Y, Wang L. Effect of crude polysaccharide from seaweed, Dictyopteris divaricata (CDDP) on gut microbiota restoration and anti-diabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM mice. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:39. [PMID: 36115959 PMCID: PMC9482207 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is regarded as a multifunctional, immune-related disease which causes massive destruction of islet β-cells in pancreas resulting in hyperglycemic, hypoinsulinemia and hyperlipidimic conditions. The aim of the present study, was to investigate the hypothesis that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM in Balb/c mice when treated with crude polysaccharide from seaweed, Dictyopteris divaricata (CDDP) depicts improvement in diabetes-related symptoms. Treatment with CDDP resulted in decreased body weight loss, improved food consumption and water intake disbalances. The CDDP effectively improved fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), serum insulin, insulin secretion, rejuvenation of β-cells mass, serum lipid profile and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. Additionally, treatment with CDDP increased the population of beneficial bacteria such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus at phylum, family and genus levels by 16S rRNA sequencing. Furthermore, immunohistological examination confirmed that CDDP reduces the inflammation and restored the structural morphology of colon and upraised the levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Mucin-2 (MUC-2) and tight-junction proteins (TJs) whereby maintaining the gut structures and barrier permeability. Thus, the above presented data, highlights the safe and therapeutic effects of crude polysaccharide (CDDP) from D. divaricata in the treatment and restoration of T1DM disorders and can be used as a food supplement alternative to diabetes medicine.
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Keshavarz-Rezaei M, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Alvandi H, Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh B, Mokhtari-Hosseini ZB. The HbA1c and blood glucose response to selenium-rich polysaccharide from Fomes fomentarius loaded solid lipid nanoparticles as a potential antidiabetic agent in rats. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213084. [PMID: 36027667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fomes fomentarius is a medicinal fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various illnesses. Antidiabetic effects of F. fomentarius extracts have been reported recently. In this study, F. fomentarius extracellular polysaccharide (PS) was prepared, and then to enhance its antidiabetic effects, Na2SeO3 was added to the culture medium, and selenium-polysaccharide (PS-Se) was obtained. Also, solid lipid nanoparticles containing PS (SLN-PS) and PS-Se (SLN-PS-Se) were synthesized by the microemulsion method to compare their effects with free polysaccharides in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Optimized SLNs had a size of 170.5 nm and drug loading of 9.27 %. EDS analysis confirmed that Se presence in PS-Se. Characterization analyses such as FTIR, DSC, TGA, and XRD suggested that SLNs have good thermal stability and crystalline nature. Release of PS from SLNs demonstrated sustained profile, and MTT assay proved that PSs and SLNs have no cytotoxicity. Furthermore, oral administration of PS, PS-Se, SLN-PS, and SLN-PS-Se for 28 days to diabetic rats significantly declined blood glucose by 48.24 %, 49.96 %, 55.50 %, and 60.47 %, respectively. Also, insulin secretion and body weight improved, and HbA1c levels decreased. Treatment by PS, PS-Se, SLN-PS, and SLN-PS-Se alleviated lipid profiles, liver enzymes, and serum proteins. Liver anti-oxidant parameters and histopathological observation of the liver, pancreas, and kidney confirmed that F. fomentarius PSs and SLNs have antidiabetic impacts. Moreover, supplementation of PS with selenium improves its anti-hyperglycemic effects. Finally, SLN-PS and SLN-PS-Se showed a higher antidiabetic impact than free PS and PS-Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Keshavarz-Rezaei
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hale Alvandi
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Life Sciences Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Beagom Mokhtari-Hosseini
- Chemical Engineering Group, Faculty of Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
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14
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Zheng Q, Jia RB, Luo D, Lin L, Chen C, Zhao M. The effect of extraction solution pH level on the physicochemical properties and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of Fucus vesiculosus polysaccharide. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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15
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Jia RB, Li ZR, Lin L, Luo D, Chen C, Zhao M. The potential mechanisms of Macrocystis pyrifera polysaccharides mitigating type 2 diabetes in rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:7918-7929. [PMID: 35789357 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Our previous studies have proved that the anti-digestive polysaccharide from Macrocystis pyrifera possesses potential hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering activities; however, its potential mechanisms for improving diabetes have not been elucidated. The current study was aimed to determine the anti-diabetic effects and possible mechanisms of Macrocystis pyrifera polysaccharides (MPP) in diabetic rats. After 8-week MPP treatment, the serum profiles, gut bacteria composition and relative gene expressions of rats were determined. MPP administration effectively ameliorated the diabetic symptoms, dyslipidemia, liver and kidney damage, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in diabetic rats. In addition, MPP treatment could also notably improve the microbial dysbiosis by increasing the beneficial bacteria and decreasing a bacterial pathogen in the diabetic rats. The RT-qPCR analysis indicated that MPP intervention significantly up-regulated the IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and down-regulated the relative expressions of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) in diabetic rats. These results demonstrated that MPP had the potential to be exploited as functional foods or pharmaceutical supplements for preventing and treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jia
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Donghui Luo
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 524088, China.
| | - Chong Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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16
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Polysaccharide from Hemerocallis citrina Borani by subcritical water: Bioactivity, purification, characterization, and anti-diabetic effects in T2DM rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 215:169-183. [PMID: 35724900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemerocallis citrina Borani (daylily) has various health benefits. However, the structural characterization and hypoglycemic effects of its polysaccharide remain unclear. Here, we first report for the first time, the effects of subcritical water extraction temperature on bioactivity of Hemerocallis citrina Borani polysaccharide (HCBP). HCBP extracted at 160 °C had better scavenging ability of free-radical and pancreatic lipase inhibition. This study aimed to investigate the structural characterization and anti-diabetic effects of aforementioned HCBP. HCBP was separated into three fractions using a DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow. HCBP-1 was the major component with lower molecular weight, HCBP-2 was the least abundant component, HCBP-3 was the component with higher uronic acid and molecular weight. HCBP treatment significantly decreased the concentrations of fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein, as well as improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. HCBP also protected the kidneys and pancreatic organs by histopathology and immunohistochemical analyses in T2DM rats. In addition, HCBP significantly increased the antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased the level of malonaldehyde to alleviated the oxidative stress injury. The results indicate HCBP extracted by subcritical water is promising functional food ingredients and could be used in T2DM treatment.
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17
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Yang M, Zhou D, Xiao H, Fu X, Kong Q, Zhu C, Han Z, Mou H. Marine-derived uronic acid-containing polysaccharides: Structures, sources, production, and nutritional functions. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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An Insight into Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Polysaccharides from Natural Resources. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061903. [PMID: 35335266 PMCID: PMC8952498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a chronic metabolic disease caused by the abnormal metabolism of lipoproteins in the human body. Its main hazard is to accelerate systemic atherosclerosis, which causes cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and thrombosis. At the same time, although the current hypolipidemic drugs have a certain therapeutic effect, they have side effects such as liver damage and digestive tract discomfort. Many kinds of polysaccharides from natural resources possess therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia but still lack a comprehensive understanding. In this paper, the research progress of natural polysaccharides on reducing blood lipids in recent years is reviewed. The pharmacological mechanisms and targets of natural polysaccharides are mainly introduced. The relationship between structure and hypolipidemic activity is also discussed in detail. This review will help to understand the value of polysaccharides in lowering blood lipids and provide guidance for the development and clinical application of new hypolipidemic drugs.
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Wu J, Jia RB, Luo D, Li ZR, Lin L, Zheng Q, Zhao M. Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide is a potential auxiliary substance for metformin in the management of diabetes. Food Funct 2022; 13:3023-3035. [PMID: 35199116 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the positive effects of relatively low-dose metformin combined with Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (LMET-SFP) in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and explored the underlying mechanisms of LMET-SFP as compared to metformin alone in managing diabetes. The results indicate that both metformin and LMET-SFP can attenuate body weight loss and ameliorate hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia, and LMET-SFP exhibited better effects in lowering fasting blood glucose levels, insulin resistance index and serum cholesterol compared to metformin only. The administration of LMET-SFP could ameliorate liver dysfunction in diabetic rats. In addition, fecal bile acid data implied that LMET-SFP intervention contributed to an increase in fecal total bile acids, ursodesoxycholic acid and tauroursodesoxycholic acid profiles when compared to metformin treatment. Additionally, intestinal microbiological analysis showed that the acknowledged probiotics Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium exhibited higher levels in the LMET-SFP group compared to the metformin group. RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the better hypoglycemic effects of LMET-SFP were mainly attributed to the down-regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A, cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase expression, and the up-regulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase expression, in contrast to metformin alone. These results suggest that SFP may be used as an auxiliary hypoglycemic substance for metformin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qianwen Zheng
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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20
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Seaweed Exhibits Therapeutic Properties against Chronic Diseases: An Overview. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are known for producing potentially bioactive substances that exhibit a wide range of nutritional, therapeutic, and nutraceutical properties. These compounds can be applied to treat chronic diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Several studies have shown that consumption of seaweeds in Asian countries, such as Japan and Korea, has been correlated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases. In this study, we conducted a review of published papers on seaweed consumption and chronic diseases. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method for this study. We identified and screened research articles published between 2000 and 2021. We used PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and identified 107 articles. This systematic review discusses the potential use of bioactive compounds of seaweed to treat chronic diseases and identifies gaps where further research in this field is needed. In this review, the therapeutic and nutraceutical properties of seaweed for the treatment of chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes, cancer, liver disease, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and arthritis were discussed. We concluded that further study on the identification of bioactive compounds of seaweed, and further study at a clinical level, are needed.
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21
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Lomartire S, Gonçalves AMM. An Overview of Potential Seaweed-Derived Bioactive Compounds for Pharmaceutical Applications. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020141. [PMID: 35200670 PMCID: PMC8875101 DOI: 10.3390/md20020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, seaweeds are widely involved in biotechnological applications. Due to the variety of bioactive compounds in their composition, species of phylum Ochrophyta, class Phaeophyceae, phylum Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta are valuable for the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Seaweeds have been consumed as whole food since ancient times and used to treat several diseases, even though the mechanisms of action were unknown. During the last decades, research has demonstrated that those unique compounds express beneficial properties for human health. Each compound has peculiar properties (e.g., antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral activities, etc.) that can be exploited to enhance human health. Seaweed’s extracted polysaccharides are already involved in the pharmaceutical industry, with the aim of replacing synthetic compounds with components of natural origin. This review aims at a better understanding of the recent uses of algae in drug development, with the scope of replacing synthetic compounds and the multiple biotechnological applications that make up seaweed’s potential in industrial companies. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms of action of seaweed’s compounds and to embrace the use of seaweeds in pharmaceutical companies and other applications, with the final scope being to produce sustainable and healthier products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lomartire
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- University of Coimbra, MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Biology, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-240-700 (ext. 262-286)
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22
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Arokiarajan MS, Thirunavukkarasu R, Joseph J, Ekaterina O, Aruni W. Advance research in biomedical applications on marine sulfated polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:870-881. [PMID: 34843816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine ecosystem associated organisms are an affluent source of bioactive compounds. Polysaccharides with unique structural and practical entities have gained special studies interest inside the current biomedical zone. Polysaccharides are the main components of marine algae, plants, animals, insects, and microorganisms. In recent times research on seaweed is more persistent for extraction of natural bioactive "Sulfated polysaccharides" (SPs). The considerable amount of SP exists in the algae in the form of fucans, fucoidans, carrageenans, ulvan, etc. Major function of SPs is to act as a defensive lattice towards the infective organism. All SPs possess the high potential and possess a broad range of therapeutic applications as antitumor, immunomodulatory, vaccine adjuvant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiviral, antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antilipemic, therapy of regenerative medicine, also in drug delivery and tissue engineering application. This review aims to discuss the biomedicine applications of sulfated polysaccharides from marine seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Shamya Arokiarajan
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India
| | - Rajasekar Thirunavukkarasu
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India.
| | - Jerrine Joseph
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India
| | - Obluchinskaya Ekaterina
- Biochemistry and Technology of Hydrobionts, Murmansk marine biological institute of KSC, RAS, Russia
| | - Wilson Aruni
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 119, India
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23
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Zheng Q, Jia RB, Ou ZR, Li ZR, Zhao M, Luo D, Lin L. Comparative study on the structural characterization and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharide fractions extracted from Sargassum fusiforme at different pH conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:602-610. [PMID: 34808147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPs), including SFP-3-40, SFP-3-60, SFP-3-80, SFP-7-40, SFP-7-60, SFP-7-80, SFP-10-40, SFP-10-60, and SFP-10-80, were extracted at different pH (3, 7, and 10), and then precipitated with graded precipitation of 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol solution, respectively. Their physicochemical properties and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were determined. Results showed that SFPs significantly differed in the contents of total sugar, protein, uronic acid, sulfate, the zeta potential, and molecular weight distribution. SFPs, including SFP-10-40, SFP-10-60, and SFP-10-80, had bigger absolute zeta potential value and higher respective average molecular weight in the same ethanol concentration precipitate. All samples were mainly composed of fucose, glucuronic acid, and mannose with different molar ratios. The extraction pH and precipitation ethanol solution concentration caused little changes in functional groups, but significantly altered surface morphology of SFPs. Congo red test revealed that all polysaccharides were not helical polysaccharides. Rheological measurements indicated that SFPs were pseudoplastic fluids and showed elastic behavior of the gel. Except SFP-3-40 and SFP-3-60, all other samples had a stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of acarbose. The inhibition type of SFPs against α-glucosidase varied owing to different extraction pH and precipitation ethyl concentration. This study shows that extraction pH can significantly affect the structure and hypoglycemic activity of SFPs and provide a data support for the scientific use of Sargassum fusiforme in industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
| | - Zhi-Rong Ou
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
| | - Donghui Luo
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China.
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24
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Sun Y, Zhang Z, Cheng L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang R, Weng P, Wu Z. Polysaccharides confer benefits in immune regulation and multiple sclerosis by interacting with gut microbiota. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110675. [PMID: 34600677 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological and clinical studies have consistently demonstrated that polysaccharides exhibit great potential on immune regulation. Polysaccharides can interact directly or indirectly with the immune system, triggering cell-cell communication and molecular recognition, leading to immunostimulatory responses. Gut microbiota is adept at foraging polysaccharides as energy sources and confers benefits in the context of immunity and chronic autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis. A compelling set of interconnectedness between the gut microbiota, natural polysaccharides, and immune regulation has emerged. In this review, we highlighted the available avenues supporting the existence of these interactions, with a focus on cytokines-mediated and SCFAs-mediated pathways. Additionally, the neuroimmune mechanisms for gut microbiota communication with the brain in multiple sclerosis are also discussed, which will lay the ground for ameliorate multiple sclerosis via polysaccharide intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Zhepeng Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Peifang Weng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
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25
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Yu G, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Yang Q, Yu H, Li H, Chen J, Fu L. Sulfated polysaccharides from red seaweed Gelidium amansii: Structural characteristics, anti-oxidant and anti-glycation properties, and development of bioactive films. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Li TT, Huang ZR, Jia RB, Lv XC, Zhao C, Liu B. Spirulina platensis polysaccharides attenuate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorder in high-sucrose and high-fat diet-fed rats in association with intestinal microbiota. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110530. [PMID: 34399508 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the possibility that Spirulina platensis crude polysaccharides may ameliorate the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorder, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hepatic steatosis, and gut dysbiosis. The results showed Spirulina platensis crude polysaccharides could improve body weight, serum/liver lipid and carbohydrate indexes, and liver antioxidant parameters in high-sucrose and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats, which were accompanied by regulated liver mRNA expressions involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorder. In addition, SPLP intervention significantly decreased cecal level of propionic acid in HFD-fed rats. Notably, the SPLP could alter the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria at phylum levels. Based on Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, serum/liver lipid and carbohydrate profiles were found significantly positively correlated with genera Romboutsia, Allobaculum, Blautia, Phascolarctobacterium, Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, Turicibacter, Erysipelotrichaceae_unclassified, Olsenella, Escherichia/Shigella, Coprobacillus, Lachnospiracea incertae, and Lactobacillus, but strongly negatively correlated with genera Atopostipes, Flavonifractor, Porphyromonadaceae_unclassified, Barnesiella, Oscillibacter, Paraprevotella, Jeotgalicoccus, Corynebacterium, Alloprevotella and Bacteroides. It was concluded that oral administration of SPLP could remarkably ameliorate the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorder and significantly modulate the intestinal microbiota in HFD-fed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zi-Rui Huang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xu-Cong Lv
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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27
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Mazepa E, Noseda MD, Ferreira LG, de Carvalho MM, Gonçalves AG, Ducatti DRB, de L Bellan D, Gomes RP, da S Trindade E, Franco CRC, Pellizzari FM, Winnischofer SMB, Duarte MER. Chemical structure of native and modified sulfated heterorhamnans from the green seaweed Gayralia brasiliensis and their cytotoxic effect on U87MG human glioma cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:710-721. [PMID: 34310994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble sulfated heterorhamnan (Gb1) was isolated from the green seaweed Gayralia brasiliensis and purified by ultrafiltration, yielding a homogeneous polysaccharide (Gb1r). Both fractions contained rhamnose, xylose, galacturonic and glucuronic acids, galactose, and glucose. Chemical and spectroscopic methods allowed the determination of Gb1 and Gb1r chemical structure. Their backbones were constituted by 3-, 2-, and 2,3-linked rhamnosyl units (1:0.49:0.13 and 1:0.58:0.17, respectively), which are unsulfated (13.5 and 14.6%), disulfated (16.6 and 17.8%) or monosulfated at C-2 (8 and 8.6%) and C-4 (24.5 and 23.4%). Gb1 was oversulfated giving rise to Gb1-OS, which presented ~2.5-fold higher content of disulfated rhamnosyl units than Gb1, as determined by methylation analyses and NMR spectroscopy. Gb1 and Gb1-OS potently reduced the viability of U87MG human glioblastoma cells. Gb1 caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, increased annexin V-stained cells, and no DNA fragmentation, while Gb1-OS increased the percentage of cells in the S and G2 phases and the levels of fragmented DNA and cells double-stained with annexin V/propidium iodide, suggesting an apoptosis mechanism. The results suggest that the different effects of Gb1 and Gb1-OS were related to differences in the sulfate content and position of these groups along the polysaccharide chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Mazepa
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Miguel D Noseda
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Luciana G Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana M de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo R B Ducatti
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Daniel de L Bellan
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Brazil
| | - Rafaela P Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo da S Trindade
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology, UFPR, Brazil
| | - Célia R C Franco
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology, UFPR, Brazil
| | - Franciane M Pellizzari
- Phycology and Marine Water Quality Laboratory, Paraná State University (UNESPAR), Campus Paranaguá, PR, Brazil
| | - Sheila M B Winnischofer
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Sector of Biological Sciences, UFPR, Brazil.
| | - Maria E R Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry Sciences, Sector of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil.
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28
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Li M, Huang X, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Luo K. Structure of
Cardamine hupingshanensis
No. 2 Polysaccharide (CHP‐2) and Its Effect on Streptozotocin‐induced Diabetic Rats. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meidong Li
- College of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi Hubei 445000 China
| | - Xiufang Huang
- College of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi Hubei 445000 China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi Hubei 445000 China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi Hubei 445000 China
| | - Kai Luo
- College of Biological Science and Technology Hubei Minzu University Enshi Hubei 445000 China
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29
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Zhang M, Yang R, Yu S, Zhao W. A novel α‐glucosidase inhibitor polysaccharide from
Sargassum fusiforme. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Ruijin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Shuhuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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30
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Guan Y, Sun H, Chen H, Li P, Shan Y, Li X. Physicochemical characterization and the hypoglycemia effects of polysaccharide isolated from Passiflora edulis Sims peel. Food Funct 2021; 12:4221-4230. [PMID: 33876796 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02965c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One polysaccharide, designated as WPEP-A, was isolated from Passiflora edulis Sims peel and its hypoglycemic effects on diabetic db/db mice were evaluated. Physicochemical characterization showed that WPEP-A was composed of galactose, glucose, xylose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid with a molecular weight of 9.51 × 104 Da. We observed an inhibition in weight gain and blood glucose levels. Glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance improved after the administration of WPEP-A. In addition, our data showed increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, the levels of serum insulin and triglyceride decreased with the recovery of liver damage. Meanwhile, positive changes in short chain fatty acid content were observed, and the mRNA levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, glucagon and prohormone convertase 3 were up-regulated in the intestinal tract. In summary, our results showed that WPEP-A had hypoglycemic activity and improved intestinal function in diabetic mice, which may contribute to the attenuation of the hypoglycemia effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China.
| | - Hefei Sun
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China.
| | - Huiying Chen
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China.
| | - Peijun Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China.
| | - Yang Shan
- Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, China.
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31
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Bao M, Ehexige E, Xu J, Ganbold T, Han S, Baigude H. Oxidized curdlan activates dendritic cells and enhances antitumor immunity. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:117988. [PMID: 33910726 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Curdlan activates dendritic cells (DCs) and enhances DC-based antitumor immunity. However, hydrophobicity and heterogeneity of curdlan particulates hinder perfect binding of curdlan to dectin-1 receptor, resulting in the reduced activation of antigen presenting cells and limited antitumor effects. Herein, we synthesized partially oxidized curdlan derivative (β-1,3-polyglucuronic acid, denote PGA). PGA-45 polymer, the reaction product prepared from curdlan by oxidation with 4-acetamido-TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO2 systems under acid conditions for 45 min, activated DCs, induced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines, and promoted allogenic T cell proliferation as well as the expression of IL-2. Mechanistically, PGA-45 polymer strongly enhanced phosphorylation of IKK-β and reduced the expression of phosphorylated Akt, suggesting that PGA-45 may activate multiple cell surface receptors such as TLR4 and dectin-1. Administration of tumor lysate pulsed DCs pre-treated with PGA-45 particles induced strong antitumor activity in B16F10 melanoma model. Our data suggest that PGA-45 have strong adjuvant effects for anti-cancer immunity and the design of PGA polymers may provide insights in the development of novel adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Bao
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, PR China
| | - Ehexige Ehexige
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, PR China
| | - Tsogzolmaa Ganbold
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, PR China
| | - Shuqin Han
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, PR China.
| | - Huricha Baigude
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, PR China.
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32
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Li ZR, Jia RB, Wu J, Lin L, Ou ZR, Liao B, Zhang L, Zhang X, Song G, Zhao M. Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide partly replaces acarbose against type 2 diabetes in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 170:447-458. [PMID: 33352159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of present research was to explore whether Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide (SFP) could partly replace acarbose against type 2 diabetes in rats. Results indicated that SFP co-administered with low-dose acarbose intervention typically mitigated diabetic symptoms and serum profiles and exhibited better anti-diabetic effects than single acarbose treatment in controlling fasting blood glucose, improving insulin resistance and mitigating kidney injuries. The RT-qPCR analysis indicated that SFP co-administered with low-dose acarbose administration distinctly activated the IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway compared with single acarbose treatment. Moreover, the co-administration also restrained liver fat accumulation via affecting the expression of HMGCR and SREBP-1c genes. In addition, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that SFP co-administered with low-dose acarbose significantly restored beneficial composition of gut flora in diabetic rats, such as the increase of Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Ruminococcus_1, Romboutsia, Eggerthellaceae, Alistipes and Faecalibaculum, and the decrease of Escherichia-Shigella. These results suggested that SFP, the novel natural adjuvant of acarbose, displayed the desirable benefits in minimizing the dose of drug, while improving the anti-diabetic efficiency.
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MESH Headings
- Acarbose/pharmacology
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/microbiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/microbiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fats/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Liver/drug effects
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sargassum/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Rong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Juan Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Ou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bingwu Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guohui Song
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Henan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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33
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Jia RB, Li ZR, Wu J, Ou ZR, Liao B, Sun B, Lin L, Zhao M. Mitigation mechanisms of Hizikia fusifarme polysaccharide consumption on type 2 diabetes in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2659-2670. [PMID: 32846181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of current work was to explore the potential anti-diabetic mechanisms of Hizikia fusifarme polysaccharide (HFP) in type 2 diabetic rats. The carbohydrate loading experiment illustrated that HFP supplement could reduce blood sugar fluctuations caused by eating through inhibiting the hydrolysis of starch in mice. The analysis of typically diabetic symptoms and serum profiles showed that oral administration of HFP could mitigate hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats. The 16s rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that HFP treatment could restore beneficial composition of gut flora in diabetic rats, and the correlation analysis revealed that the improvement of diabetes is closely related to the modification of gut flora by HFP intervention. Furthermore, the RT-qPCR and western blotting analysis clarified that HFP administration could increase glycogen storage in liver and skeletal muscle of diabetic rats through activating IRS/PI3K/AKT/GLUT signaling pathway and restrain gluconeogenesis via affecting the relative expression of Egr-1 and PEPCK genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Juan Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Ou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bingwu Liao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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34
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Li X, Huang S, Chen X, Xu Q, Ma Y, You L, Kulikouskaya V, Xiao J, Piao J. Structural characteristic of a sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria Lemaneiformis and its lipid metabolism regulation effect. Food Funct 2020; 11:10876-10885. [PMID: 33245309 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02575e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GLP) with a prominent effect in regulating lipid metabolism was isolated. The molecular weight was 31.5 kDa and it was composed mainly of galactose, glucose and xylose. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis suggested that GLP was composed of the following repeating unit: [3-β-Gal-4(OSO3)-1→4-α-3,6-anhydrogal-2(OSO3)-1→]. GLP could significantly decrease serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels and lower alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in high-fat-diet mice. Additionally, GLP could keep the body weight and attenuate accumulation of fat surrounding the liver and epididymis induced by high-fat diet. Results of RT-PCR indicated that GLP might regulate lipid metabolism and accelerate free fatty acid oxidation by up-regulating the expression of the PPARα, ACS and CPT1a gene. The present study suggests that GLP may be potentially useful for regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China.
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35
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Jia RB, Li ZR, Ou ZR, Wu J, Sun B, Lin L, Zhao M. Physicochemical Characterization of Hizikia fusiforme Polysaccharide and Its Hypoglycemic Activity via Mediating Insulin-Stimulated Blood Glucose Utilization of Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000367. [PMID: 32955163 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a functional polysaccharide fraction (HFP) was obtained from Hizikia fusiforme by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction, and its structural characterization and hypoglycemic activity and potential molecular mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that HFP with high uronic acid was a heterogeneous polysaccharide composed of six monosaccharides. Congo red test explained that HFP had no triple helix conformation. AFM analysis revealed that HFP was spherical particle with flame-like aggregates and multiple strands closely arranged. Rheological analysis showed that HFP exhibited shear-thinning flow behavior. HFP significantly ameliorated diabetes-related symptoms and serum profiles and increased muscle glycogen storage in rats. HFP administration at 400 mg/kg body weight/day displayed greater advantages than metformin in controlling the levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bile acid (TBA) of diabetic rats. Intervention of HFP up-regulated markedly the expression of AMPK-α, GLUT4, PI3K and Akt in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats at the mRNA and protein levels, revealing hypoglycemic effects of HFP may be related closely to improving insulin resistance and mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Chemistry, Physical
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sargassum/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Rong Ou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
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36
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Jia RB, Li ZR, Wu J, Ou ZR, Sun B, Lin L, Zhao M. Antidiabetic effects and underlying mechanisms of anti-digestive dietary polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme in rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:7023-7036. [PMID: 32716443 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01166e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides (SFP), an anti-digestive biologically active ingredient obtained from Sargassum fusiforme by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction, have been proven to exhibit extremely strong alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In the current research, the potential anti-diabetic effects and molecular mechanisms of SFP were investigated by classic biochemical analysis, high-throughput sequencing and molecular biology techniques in type 2 diabetic rats. The analysis of typical diabetic symptoms and serum profiles showed that oral administration of SFP could mitigate hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. SFP also promoted glycogen synthesis in the liver and skeletal muscles. H&E staining observation confirmed that SFP intervention could partially repair liver and muscle injuries caused by diabetes. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis indicated that SFP treatment could distinctly restore the beneficial composition of gut flora in diabetic rats. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis revealed that anti-diabetic effects of SFP may be closely related to accelerating the absorption and utilization of blood glucose in the liver and muscle and inhibiting hepatic glucose production. In short, this study demonstrated that SFP could be developed as functional foods or pharmaceutical supplements for the prevention or mitigation of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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37
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Dhahri M, Sioud S, Dridi R, Hassine M, Boughattas NA, Almulhim F, Al Talla Z, Jaremko M, Emwas AHM. Extraction, Characterization, and Anticoagulant Activity of a Sulfated Polysaccharide from Bursatella leachii Viscera. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14786-14795. [PMID: 32596616 PMCID: PMC7315596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds for drug discovery are increasingly extracted and purified from natural sources including marine organisms. Heparin is a therapeutic agent that has been used for several decades as an anticoagulant. However, heparin is known to cause many undesirable complications such as thrombocytopenia and risk of hemorrhage. Hence, there is a need to find alternatives to current widely used anticoagulant drugs. Here, we extract a sulfated polysaccharide from sea hare, that is, Bursatella leachii viscera, by enzymatic digestion. Several analytical approaches including elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis show that B. leachii polysaccharides have chemical structures similar to glycosaminoglycans. We explore the anticoagulant activity of the B. leachii extract using the activated partial thromboplastin time and the thrombin time. Our results demonstrate that the extracted sulfated polysaccharide has heparin-like anticoagulant activity, thus showing great promise as an alternative anticoagulant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Dhahri
- Biology Department,
Faculty of Science Yanbu, Taibah University, 46423 Yanbu El-Bahr, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Sioud
- Analytical Core Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi
| | - Rihab Dridi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University
of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Hassine
- Hematology Department, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Naceur A. Boughattas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology,
Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University
of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fatimah Almulhim
- Biological and Environmental Science and
Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad Al Talla
- ANPERC, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and
Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid M. Emwas
- Core Labs, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi
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38
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Jia RB, Li ZR, Wu J, Ou ZR, Zhu Q, Sun B, Lin L, Zhao M. Physicochemical properties of polysaccharide fractions from Sargassum fusiforme and their hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in type 2 diabetic rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:428-438. [PMID: 31899245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two polysaccharide fractions (SFPs, designated as respectively SFP-1 and SFP-2) were acquired from Sargassum fusiforme by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction, and their physicochemical properties and hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects were investigated. Structural analysis indicated that SFPs were obvious different in the zeta potential, molecular weight distribution, characteristic organic group, microstructure and the contents of total sugar, uronic acid, sulfate and moisture. SFPs consisted of fucose, mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose and glucuronic acid with different molar ratios. Congo red test explained that SFPs had no triple-helix structure. SFP-1 exhibited lower viscosity due to its lower molecular weight. Regarding to hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, oral administration of SFPs prominently restrained loss of body weight and increase of water intake, and also significantly controlled the increase of levels of fasting blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), uric acid (UA), urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of diabetic rats, and SFP-2 showed better effects in controlling fasting blood glucose, ALT, UA and BUN levels. Intervention of SFP-2 reduced the levels of insulin, FFA and TBA of diabetic rats. Histomorphological observation further demonstrated that SFPs could attenuate liver and kidney damage caused by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Data indicated that SFPs, especially SFP-2, significantly improved hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and liver and kidney function of diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Juan Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Ou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiyuan Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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