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Bennett DH, Sellen J, Moran R, Alaimo CP, Young TM. Personal air sampling for pesticides in the California San Joaquin Valley. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00708-4. [PMID: 39251871 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND California is a leading agricultural state and with that, has significant applications of pesticides. Levels of exposure have been measured to be higher among residents in agricultural areas, but measures of personal inhalation exposure to a wide range of pesticides are lacking. Community members in the San Joaquin Valley have expressed concern over pesticide exposures. Working with community members, a wide range of pesticides in personal air samples were measured. METHODS Adult and school-aged participants were recruited from small agricultural towns in the San Joaquin Valley. Participants wore a backpack sampler for 8-14 h on 1-3 days. Samples were collected on two tubes, one with Tenax-TA resin and the other with XAD-2 resin. In total, 21 pesticides were analyzed using both LC/MS and GC/MS methods. RESULTS Thirty-one adult participants and 11 school aged participants were recruited, and sampling occurred on a total of 92 days. Seven adults, 22% of adult participants, and one school child had detectable levels of at least one pesticide. Pesticides detected above the limit of detection were 1,3-dichloropropene, chlorpyrifos, pyrimethanil, burprofezin and penthiopyrad. When these samples were collected, chlorpyrifos was not permitted to be used in California. IMPACT STATEMENT California, a leading agricultural state, has significant pesticide use, leading to concern about exposures among community members. Thirty-one adult and 11 school aged participants wore personal air sampling backpacks from 1-3 days. Twenty-two percent of adult participants had detectable levels of at least one pesticide. Two pesticides with established toxicity, 1,3-dichloropropene and chlorpyrifos were detected, along with first time measurements of pyrimethanil, burprofezin and penthiopyrad in the United States, which all have potential indications of toxicity. This study suggests the need to expand which pesticides are measured in agricultural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jane Sellen
- Californians for Pesticide Reform, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Moran
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher P Alaimo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Young
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Vaezafshar S, Siegel JA, Jantunen L, Diamond ML. Widespread occurrence of pesticides in low-income housing. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:735-744. [PMID: 38909155 PMCID: PMC11303252 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) residents living in social housing, which is subsidized by government or government-funded agencies, may have higher exposures to pesticides used in indoor residences since pesticides are applied due to structural deficiencies, poor maintenance, etc. OBJECTIVE: To estimate exposure of residents in low-SES social housing built in the 1970s to legacy and current-use pesticides and to investigate factors related to exposures. METHODS Twenty-eight particle-phase pesticides were measured in the indoor air of 46 units in seven low-income social housing, multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) in Toronto, Canada using portable air cleaners deployed for 1 week in 2017. Pesticides analyzed were legacy and current use in the classes: organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, and strobilurins. RESULTS At least one pesticide was detected in 89% of the units with detection frequencies (DF) for individual pesticides of up to 50%, including legacy organochlorines and current-use pesticides. Current-use pyrethroids had the highest DF and concentrations, with the highest particle-phase concentration for pyrethrin I at 32,000 pg/m3. Heptachlor, restricted for use in Canada in 1985, had the highest estimated maximum total air (particle plus gas phase) concentration of 443,000 pg/m3. Heptachlor, lindane, endosulfan I, chlorothalonil, allethrin, and permethrin (except in one study) had higher concentrations than those measured in low-income residences reported elsewhere. In addition to the intentional use of pesticides to control pests and their use in building materials and paints, tobacco smoking was significantly correlated with the concentrations of five pesticides used on tobacco crops. The distribution of pesticides with high DF in individual buildings suggested that pest eradication programs by the building management and/or pesticide use by residents were the major sources of measured pesticides. IMPACT Low-income social housing fills a much-needed demand, but the residences are prone to pest infestation and hence pesticide use. We found exposure to at least 1 of 28 particle-phase pesticides in 89% of all 46 units tested, with the highest DF and concentrations for current-use pyrethroids and long-banned organochlorines (e.g., DDT, heptachlor) due to very high persistence indoors. Also measured were several pesticides not registered for use indoors, e.g., strobilurins used to treat building materials and pesticides used on tobacco crops. These results, which are the first Canadian data for most pesticides indoors, show widespread exposure to numerous pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vaezafshar
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Siegel
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Liisa Jantunen
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B1, Canada.
- Air Quality Processes Research, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Egbert, ON, L0L 1N0, Canada.
| | - Miriam L Diamond
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B1, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
- School of Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E8, Canada
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Hyland C, McConnell K, DeYoung E, Curl CL. Evaluating the accuracy of satellite-based methods to estimate residential proximity to agricultural crops. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:294-307. [PMID: 36002734 PMCID: PMC9950293 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic investigations increasingly employ remote sensing data to estimate residential proximity to agriculture as a means of approximating individual-level pesticide exposure. Few studies have examined the accuracy of these methods and the implications for exposure misclassification. OBJECTIVES Compare metrics of residential proximity to agricultural land between a groundtruth approach and commonly-used satellite-based estimates. METHODS We inspected 349 fields and identified crops in current production within a 0.5 km radius of 40 residences in Idaho. We calculated the distance from each home to the nearest agricultural field and the total acreage of agricultural fields within a 0.5 km buffer. We compared these groundtruth estimates to satellite-derived estimates from three widely used datasets: CropScape, the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and Landsat imagery (using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index thresholds). RESULTS We found poor to moderate agreement between the classification of individuals living within 0.5 km of an agricultural field between the groundtruth method and the comparison datasets (53.1-77.6%). All satellite-derived estimates overestimated the acreage of agricultural land within 0.5 km of each home (average = 82.8-148.9%). Using two satellite-derived datasets in conjunction resulted in substantial improvements; specifically, combining CropScape or NLCD with Landsat imagery had the highest percent agreement with the groundtruth data (92.8-93.8% agreement). SIGNIFICANCE Residential proximity to agriculture is frequently used as a proxy for pesticide exposure in epidemiologic investigations, and remote sensing-derived datasets are often the only practical means of identifying cultivated land. We found that estimates of agricultural proximity obtained from commonly-used satellite-based datasets are likely to result in exposure misclassification. We propose a novel approach that capitalizes on the complementary strengths of different sources of satellite imagery, and suggest the combined use of one dataset with high temporal resolution (e.g., Landsat imagery) in conjunction with a second dataset that delineates agricultural land use (e.g., CropScape or NLCD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Hyland
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
| | | | - Edwin DeYoung
- Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Cynthia L Curl
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
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Janitz AE, Marcotte EL, Barr DB, Xu C, Peck JD, Campbell JE. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants in newborn dried blood spots and childhood acute myeloid leukemia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117954. [PMID: 38104918 PMCID: PMC10922559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rare malignancy representing 15-20% of all leukemia diagnoses among children. Maternal exposure to persistent organic pollutants is suggestive of increased risk for childhood AML based on existing evidence. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between persistent organic pollutants and childhood AML using newborn dried bloodspots (DBS) from the Michigan BioTrust for Health. We obtained data on AML cases diagnosed prior to 15 years of age (n = 130) and controls (n = 130) matched to cases on week of birth from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. We quantified levels of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polybrominated diphenyl ether congener 47 (BDE-47) in newborn DBS. We also evaluated other organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyl congener 153, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, though these were not further evaluated as >60% of observations were above the limit of detection for these chemicals. To evaluate the association between each chemical and AML, we used multivariable conditional logistic regression. In our multivariable model of HCB adjusted for month of birth, maternal age at delivery, and area poverty, we observed no association with AML (Odds Ratio [OR] per interquartile range increase: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.80, 1.69). For p,p'-DDE, ORs were significantly lower for those exposed to the highest tertile of p,'p-DDE (≥0.29 pg/mL, OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.95) compared to the first tertile (<0.09 pg/mL). We observed no statistically significant associations between HCB and BDE-47 and AML. We observed a reduced odds of exposure to p,'p-DDE and an increased, though imprecise, odds of exposure to HCB among AML cases compared to controls. Future studies would benefit from a larger sample of AML patients and pooling newborn DBS across multiple states to allow for additional variability in exposures and evaluation of AML subtypes, which may have differing etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Janitz
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Erin L Marcotte
- University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Chao Xu
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Jennifer D Peck
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Janis E Campbell
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13th St., Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Goujon S, Mancini M, Clavel J. Response to "Comment on 'Association between Residential Proximity to Viticultural Areas and Childhood Acute Leukemia Risk in Mainland France: GEOCAP Case-Control Study, 2006-2013'". ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:18002. [PMID: 38206767 PMCID: PMC10783537 DOI: 10.1289/ehp14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Goujon
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Université Paris-Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAe, Paris, France
- National Registry of Childhood Cancers, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Villejuif, et Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Matthieu Mancini
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Université Paris-Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAe, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics, Université Paris-Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAe, Paris, France
- National Registry of Childhood Cancers, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Villejuif, et Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Nguyen A, Crespi CM, Vergara X, Kheifets L. Pesticides as a potential independent childhood leukemia risk factor and as a potential confounder for electromagnetic fields exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:116899. [PMID: 37598846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both pesticides and high magnetic fields are suspected to be childhood leukemia risk factors. Pesticides are utilized at commercial plant nurseries, which sometimes occupy the areas underneath high-voltage powerlines. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether potential pesticide exposures (intended use, chemical class, active ingredient) utilized at plant nurseries act as an independent childhood leukemia risk factor or as a confounder for proximity to, or magnetic fields exposure from, high-voltage powerlines. METHODS We conducted a state-wide records-based case-control study for California with 5788 childhood leukemia cases and 5788 controls that examined specific pesticide use, magnetic field exposures and distances to both powerlines and plant nurseries. Exposure assessment incorporated geographic information systems, aerial satellite images, and other historical information. RESULTS Childhood leukemia risk was potentially elevated for several active pesticide ingredients: permethrin (odds ratio (OR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.83-2.67), chlorpyrifos (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.89-1.87), dimethoate (OR 1.79, 95% CI 0.85-3.76), mancozeb (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.85-2.33), oxyfluorfen (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.75-2.66), oryzalin (OR 1.60, 95% CI 0.97-2.63), and pendimethalin (OR 1.82, 95% CI 0.81-2.25). Rodenticide (OR 1.42, 95% CI 0.78-2.56) and molluscicide (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.82-1.81) exposure also presented potentially elevated childhood leukemia risks. Childhood leukemia associations with calculated fields or powerline proximity did not materially change after adjusting for pesticide exposure. Childhood leukemia risks with powerline proximity remained similar when pesticide exposures were excluded. DISCUSSION Pesticide exposure may be an independent childhood leukemia risk factor. Childhood leukemia risks for powerline proximity and magnetic fields exposure were not explained by pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA.
| | - C M Crespi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA.
| | - X Vergara
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA.
| | - L Kheifets
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA.
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7
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Mancini M, Hémon D, de Crouy-Chanel P, Guldner L, Faure L, Clavel J, Goujon S. Association between Residential Proximity to Viticultural Areas and Childhood Acute Leukemia Risk in Mainland France: GEOCAP Case-Control Study, 2006-2013. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:107008. [PMID: 37850750 PMCID: PMC10583703 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposures are suspected of being a risk factor for several childhood cancers, particularly acute leukemia (AL). Most of the evidence is based on self-reported parental domestic use of pesticides, but some studies have also addressed associations with agricultural use of pesticides near the place of residence. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of AL in children living close to vines, a crop subject to intensive pesticide use. METHODS Data were drawn from the national registry-based GEOCAP study. We included all of the AL cases under the age of 15 years diagnosed in 2006-2013 (n = 3,711 ) and 40,196 contemporary controls representative of the childhood population in France. The proximity of the vines (probability of presence within 200, 500, and 1,000 m ) and the viticulture density (area devoted to vines within 1,000 m ) were evaluated around the geocoded addresses in a geographic information system combining three national land use maps. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for all AL and for the lymphoblastic (ALL) and myeloid (AML) subtypes. Heterogeneity between regions was studied by stratified analyses. Sensitivity analyses were carried out to take into account, in particular, geocoding uncertainty, density of other crops and potential demographic and environmental confounders. RESULTS In all, about 10% of the controls lived within 1 km of vines. While no evidence of association between proximity to vines and AL was found, viticulture density was positively associated with ALL [OR = 1.05 (1.00-1.09) for a 10% increase in density], with a statistically significant heterogeneity across regions. No association with AML was observed. The results remained stable in all the sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION We evidenced a slight increase in the risk of ALL in children living in areas with high viticulture density. This finding supports the hypothesis that environmental exposure to pesticides may be associated with childhood ALL. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12634.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Mancini
- Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris-Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAe, Paris, France
| | - Denis Hémon
- Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris-Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAe, Paris, France
| | - Perrine de Crouy-Chanel
- Direction appui, traitement et analyse de données (DATA), Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Laurence Guldner
- Direction Santé, Environnement, Travail (DSET), Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Laure Faure
- Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris-Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAe, Paris, France
- National registry of childhood cancers, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Villejuif, et Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris-Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAe, Paris, France
- National registry of childhood cancers, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Villejuif, et Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stéphanie Goujon
- Epidemiology of childhood and adolescent cancers, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Université Paris-Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, INRAe, Paris, France
- National registry of childhood cancers, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Villejuif, et Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Ruth AL, Rehman U, Stewart P, Moore LE, Yucel R, Taylor Wilson R. Maternal and Paternal Household Pesticide Exposure During Pregnancy and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Occup Environ Med 2023; 65:595-604. [PMID: 37015736 PMCID: PMC10464523 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether risk estimates for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia change when restricting model comparison groups to "nonpesticide exposure" (NPE10) households. METHODS Cases ( n = 1810) 15 years or younger were identified through Children's Cancer Group institutions between 1989 and 1993 and age-/sex-matched to controls ( n = 1951). Household pesticide use during pregnancy/month prior was collected via telephone. NPE10 comparison group reporting no parental exposure to 10 pesticide classes was identified. RESULTS Adjusted odds ratios increased from 15% to 49% when limiting the comparison to NPE10. Maternal termite insecticide exposure was associated with greatest risk (adjusted odds ratio, 4.21; 95% confidence interval, 2.00-8.88). There was minimal evidence of interaction by child sex or occupational pesticide exposure, and no monotonic dose-response pattern with frequency of use (times per year). CONCLUSIONS Elevated risks are consistent with published pooled-/meta-analyses and DNA damage. The consistency and magnitude of these associations warrant product labeling, exposure reduction interventions, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Ruth
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.R., U.R., R.Y., R.T.W.); Stewart Exposure Assessments, LLC, Arlington, Virginia (P.S.); and Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (L.E.M.)
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Cavalier H, Trasande L, Porta M. Exposures to pesticides and risk of cancer: Evaluation of recent epidemiological evidence in humans and paths forward. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:879-912. [PMID: 36134639 PMCID: PMC9880902 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the role in cancer etiology of environmental exposures as pesticides is a prerequisite for primary prevention. We review 63 epidemiological studies on exposure to pesticides and cancer risk in humans published from 2017 to 2021, with emphasis on new findings, methodological approaches, and gaps in the existing literature. While much of the recent evidence suggests causal relationships between pesticide exposure and cancer, the strongest evidence exists for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and colorectal cancer (CRC), diseases in which the observed associations were consistent across several studies, including high-quality prospective studies and those using biomarkers for exposure assessment, with some observing dose-response relationships. Though high-quality studies have been published since the IARC monograph on organophosphate insecticides in 2017, there are still gaps in the literature on carcinogenic evidence in humans for a large number of pesticides. To further knowledge, we suggest leveraging new techniques and methods to increase sensitivity and precision of exposure assessment, incorporate multi-omics data, and investigate more thoroughly exposure to chemical mixtures. There is also a strong need for better and larger population-based cohort studies that include younger and nonoccupationally exposed individuals, particularly during developmental periods of susceptibility. Though the existing evidence has limitations, as always in science, there is sufficient evidence to implement policies and regulatory action that limit pesticide exposure in humans and, hence, further prevent a significant burden of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh Cavalier
- Department of PediatricsNew York University (NYU) School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Environmental MedicineNew York University (NYU) School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Population HealthNew York University (NYU) School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of PediatricsNew York University (NYU) School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Environmental MedicineNew York University (NYU) School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Population HealthNew York University (NYU) School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- NYU School of Global Public HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Miquel Porta
- Department of PediatricsNew York University (NYU) School of MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- School of MedicineUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM PSMar PRBB)BarcelonaCataloniaSpain
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
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Rafeeinia A, Asadikaram G, Karimi Darabi M, Abolhassani M, Moazed V, Abbasi-Jorjandi M. Organochlorine pesticides, oxidative stress biomarkers, and leukemia: a case-control study. J Investig Med 2023; 71:295-306. [PMID: 36718847 DOI: 10.1177/10815589221145043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides has been linked to an elevated risk of leukemia. The present research aimed to evaluate the relationship between organochlorine (OC) pesticides and biomarkers of oxidative stress in leukemia patients. This work was conducted on 109 patients with leukemia and 109 healthy controls. The serum concentrations of seven derivatives of OCs including alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, 2,4-DDE, and 4,4-DDE along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and catalase (CAT) activities as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), protein carbonyl (PC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in all the subjects. Levels of OCs were remarkably higher in leukemia patients compared to the controls (p < 0.05). In addition, levels of SOD, AChE, GPx, PON-1, and TAC were remarkably lower in leukemia patients compared to controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, MDA, NO, and PC concentrations were higher in leukemia patients than in the controls (p < 0.05). Moreover, the serum level of 4,4-DDE was negatively associated with GPx activity (p = 0.038). Our findings suggest that OCs may play a role in the development of leukemia by disrupting the oxidant/antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Rafeeinia
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Karimi Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Moslem Abolhassani
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Moazed
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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11
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Bitencourt de Morais Valentim JM, Fagundes TR, Okamoto Ferreira M, Lonardoni Micheletti P, Broto Oliveira GE, Cremer Souza M, Geovana Leite Vacario B, da Silva JC, Scandolara TB, Gaboardi SC, Zanetti Pessoa Candiotto L, Mara Serpeloni J, Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva F, Panis C. Monitoring residues of pesticides in food in Brazil: A multiscale analysis of the main contaminants, dietary cancer risk estimative and mechanisms associated. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1130893. [PMID: 36908412 PMCID: PMC9992878 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1130893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pesticides pose a risk for cancer development and progression. People are continuously exposed to such substances by several routes, including daily intake of contaminated food and water, especially in countries that are highly pesticide consumers and have very permissive legislation about pesticide contamination as Brazil. This work investigated the relationship among pesticides, food contamination, and dietary cancer risk. Methods Analyzed two social reports from the Brazilian Government: the Program for Analysis of Residues of Pesticides in Food (PARA) and The National Program for Control of Waste and Contaminants (PNCRC). Results and discussion First, we characterized the main pesticide residues detected over the maximum limits allowed by legislation or those prohibited for use in food samples analyzed across the country. Based on this list, we estimated the dietary cancer risks for some of the selected pesticides. Finally, we searched for data about dietary cancer risks and carcinogenic mechanisms of each pesticide. We also provided a critical analysis concerning the pesticide scenario in Brazil, aiming to discuss the food contamination levels observed from a geographical, political, and public health perspective. Exposures to pesticides in Brazil violate a range of human rights when food and water for human consumption are contaminated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiane Renata Fagundes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Mariane Okamoto Ferreira
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Blumenau, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milena Cremer Souza
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Shaiane Carla Gaboardi
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Blumenau, Brazil
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Blumenau, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná (UENP), Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Carolina Panis
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
- Center of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Blumenau, Brazil
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12
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da Cruz RS, Dominguez O, Chen E, Gonsiewski AK, Nasir A, Cruz MI, Zou X, Galli S, Makambi K, McCoy M, Schmidt MO, Jin L, Peran I, de Assis S. Environmentally Induced Sperm RNAs Transmit Cancer Susceptibility to Offspring in a Mouse Model. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2507391. [PMID: 36798383 PMCID: PMC9934767 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2507391/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA sequence accounts for the majority of disease heritability, including cancer. Yet, not all familial cancer cases can be explained by genetic factors. It is becoming clear that environmentally induced epigenetic inheritance occurs and that the progeny's traits can be shaped by parental environmental experiences. In humans, epidemiological studies have implicated environmental toxicants, such as the pesticide DDT, in intergenerational cancer development, including breast and childhood tumors. Here, we show that the female progeny of males exposed to DDT in the pre-conception period have higher susceptibility to developing aggressive tumors in mouse models of breast cancer. Sperm of DDT-exposed males exhibited distinct patterns of small non-coding RNAs, with an increase in miRNAs and a specific surge in miRNA-10b levels. Remarkably, embryonic injection of the entire sperm RNA load of DDT-exposed males, or synthetic miRNA-10b, recapitulated the tumor phenotypes observed in DDT offspring. Mechanistically, miR-10b injection altered the transcriptional profile in early embryos with enrichment of genes associated with cell differentiation, tissue and immune system development. In adult DDT-derived progeny, transcriptional and protein analysis of mammary tumors revealed alterations in stromal and in immune system compartments. Our findings reveal a causal role for sperm RNAs in environmentally induced inheritance of cancer predisposition and, if confirmed in humans, this could help partially explain some of the "missing heritability" of breast, and other, malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Santana da Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Odalys Dominguez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elaine Chen
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alexandra K Gonsiewski
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Apsra Nasir
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Idalia Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaojun Zou
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Susana Galli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kepher Makambi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, & Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew McCoy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marcel O Schmidt
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ivana Peran
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sonia de Assis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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13
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Ward MH, Madrigal JM, Jones RR, Friesen MC, Falk RT, Koebel D, Metayer C. Glyphosate in house dust and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in California. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 172:107777. [PMID: 36746112 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residential use of pesticides has been associated with increased risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We evaluated determinants of glyphosate concentrations in house dust and estimated ALL risk in the California Childhood Leukemia Study (CCLS). METHODS The CCLS is a population-based case-control study of childhood leukemia in California. Among those < 8-years (no move since diagnosis/reference date), we collected dust (2001-2007) from the room where the child spent the most time while awake and measured > 40 pesticides. Three-to-eight years later, we collected a second sample from non-movers. We used Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry to measure glyphosate (µg/g dust) for 181 ALL cases and 225 controls and for 45 households with a second dust sample. We used multivariable Tobit regression to evaluate determinants of glyphosate concentrations. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for ALL and quartiles of the concentration (first samples) using unconditional logistic regression. We computed the within- and between-home variance and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS Glyphosate was frequently detected (cases: 98 %; controls: 99 %). Higher concentrations were associated with occupational pesticide exposure, nearby agricultural use, treatment for lawn weeds and bees/wasps, and sampling season. Increasing concentrations were not associated with ALL risk (adjusted ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.8, CI: 0.4-1.4). We observed similar null associations for boys and girls, Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites, and among those who resided in their home since birth (76 cases/117 controls) or age two (130 cases/176 controls). The ICC was 0.32 indicating high within-home temporal variability during the years of our study. CONCLUSIONS We observed higher concentrations in homes associated with expected predictors of exposure but no association with childhood ALL risk. Due to continuing use, potential exposure to young children is high. It will be important to evaluate risk in future studies with multiple dust measurements or biomarkers of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Melissa C Friesen
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Roni T Falk
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Catherine Metayer
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 1995 University Ave, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
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14
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Madrigal JM, Gunier RB, Jones RR, Flory A, Metayer C, Nuckols JR, Ward MH. Contributions of nearby agricultural insecticide applications to indoor residential exposures. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107657. [PMID: 36493610 PMCID: PMC10038187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure has been associated with adverse health effects. We evaluated relationships between proximity to agricultural insecticide applications and insecticides in household dust, accounting for land use and wind direction. METHODS We measured concentrations (ng/g) of nine insecticides in carpet-dust samples collected from 598 California homes. Using a geographic information system (GIS), we integrated the California Pesticide Use Reporting (CPUR) database to estimate agricultural use within residential buffers with radii of 0.5 to 4 km. We calculated the density of use (kg/km2) during 30-, 60-, 180-, and 365-day periods prior to dust collection and evaluated relationships between three density metrics (CPUR unit-based, agricultural land area adjusted, and average daily wind direction adjusted) and dust concentrations. We modeled natural-log transformed concentrations using Tobit regression for carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, diazinon, and permethrin. Odds of detection were modeled with logistic regression for azinphos-methyl, cyfluthrin, malathion, and phosmet. We adjusted for season, year, occupation, and home/garden uses. RESULTS Chlorpyrifos use within 1-4 km was associated with 1 to 2-times higher dust concentrations in both the 60- and 365-day periods. Carbaryl applications within 2-4 km of homes 60-days prior to dust collection were associated with 3 to 7-times higher concentrations and the 4 km trend was strongest using the wind-adjusted metric (p-trend = 0.04). For diazinon, there were 2-times higher concentrations for the 60-day metrics in the 2 km buffer and for the CPUR and wind-adjusted metrics within 4 km. Cyfluthrin, phosmet, and azinphos-methyl applications within 4 km in the prior 365-days were associated with 2-, 6-, and 3-fold higher odds of detection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Agricultural use of six of the nine insecticides within 4 km is an important determinant of indoor contamination. Our findings demonstrated that GIS-based metrics for quantifying potential exposure to fugitive emissions from agriculture should incorporate tailored distances and time periods and support wind-adjustment for some, but not all insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Catherine Metayer
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John R Nuckols
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; JRN Environmental Health Sciences, Ltd, North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
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15
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Temkin AM, Uche UI, Evans S, Anderson KM, Perrone-Gray S, Campbell C, Naidenko OV. Racial and social disparities in Ventura County, California related to agricultural pesticide applications and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158399. [PMID: 36063919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Application of agricultural pesticides poses health concerns for farmworkers and for local communities due to pesticide drift from spraying or fumigation, pesticide volatilization into the air, contamination of household dust, as well as direct exposure for people who work in agriculture and their families. In this analysis of pesticide use records for Ventura County, California (USA) from 2016 to 2018, we identified the most prevalent toxicological effects of the pesticides applied. We also developed a cumulative toxicity index that incorporates specific toxicity endpoints for individual pesticides, the severity and strength of association for each endpoint, and the reliability of the data sources. Combining the toxicity index for each pesticide with the pounds applied within each square mile section in Ventura County, we calculated the total toxicity-weighted pesticide use and identified pesticides associated with higher potential risk to health. Analysis of U.S. Census data for Ventura County found a greater percentage of Hispanic/Latino, African American and Asian community members in township sections with a greater volume of pesticides applied and higher toxicity-weighted pesticide use. Similarly, areas with limited economic and social resources had elevated pesticide application overall and elevated toxicity-weighted pesticide use. The combination of toxicological and demographic analyses presented in this study provides information that can support the development of policies to protect public health from excessive exposure to pesticides and better environmental health protection for socially vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M Temkin
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I street NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | - Uloma Igara Uche
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I street NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Sydney Evans
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I street NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Kayla M Anderson
- Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | | | - Chris Campbell
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I street NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005, USA
| | - Olga V Naidenko
- Environmental Working Group, 1250 I street NW Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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16
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Ataei M, Abdollahi M. A systematic review of mechanistic studies on the relationship between pesticide exposure and cancer induction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 456:116280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Bamouni S, Hémon D, Faure L, Clavel J, Goujon S. Residential proximity to croplands at birth and childhood leukaemia. Environ Health 2022; 21:103. [PMID: 36303166 PMCID: PMC9615229 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Domestic and parental occupational pesticide exposures are suspected of involvement in the occurrence of childhood acute leukaemia (AL), but the role of exposure to agricultural activities is little known. In a previous ecological study conducted in France, we observed an increase in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) incidence rate with increasing viticulture density in the municipalities of residence at diagnosis. Objectives This study aimed to test the hypothesis that residential proximity to croplands at birth increases the risk of childhood AL, with a particular focus on vineyards. Methods We identified all the primary AL cases diagnosed before the age of 15 years in the cohorts of children born in the French municipalities between 1990 and 2015. We estimated crop densities in each municipality of residence at birth using agricultural census data, for ten crop types. Variations in standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were evaluated with Poisson regression models, for all AL, ALL and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), separately. Results Among the 19,809,700 children born and residing in mainland France at birth in 1990–2015, 8,747 AL cases (7,236 ALL and 1,335 AML) were diagnosed over the period. We did not evidence any statistically significant positive association between total crop density or any specific crop density in the municipality of residence at birth and all AL, ALL or AML. Interestingly, we observed a higher ALL incidence rate in the municipalities with the highest viticulture densities (SIR = 1.25 95%CI [1.01–1.54]). Adjusting for the main potential confounders did not change the results. Conclusion Our study does not support the hypothesis that residential proximity to croplands, particularly vineyards, around birth plays a role in childhood leukaemia. The slightly higher ALL incidence rate in children born in the municipalities with the highest viticulture densities may reflect the previously-observed association at diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12940-022-00909-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bamouni
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team (EPICEA), 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Hôpital Paul Brousse - Bât Leriche/porte 45, F-94807, Villejuif Cedex, France. .,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Denis Hémon
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team (EPICEA), 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Hôpital Paul Brousse - Bât Leriche/porte 45, F-94807, Villejuif Cedex, France.,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laure Faure
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team (EPICEA), 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Hôpital Paul Brousse - Bât Leriche/porte 45, F-94807, Villejuif Cedex, France.,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,French National Registry of Childhood Haematological Malignancies (RNHE), F-94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team (EPICEA), 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Hôpital Paul Brousse - Bât Leriche/porte 45, F-94807, Villejuif Cedex, France.,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,French National Registry of Childhood Haematological Malignancies (RNHE), F-94807, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphanie Goujon
- Inserm, UMR 1153 Center of Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Team (EPICEA), 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier, Hôpital Paul Brousse - Bât Leriche/porte 45, F-94807, Villejuif Cedex, France.,Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,French National Registry of Childhood Haematological Malignancies (RNHE), F-94807, Villejuif, France
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18
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Clark CJ, Johnson NP, Soriano M, Warren JL, Sorrentino KM, Kadan-Lottick NS, Saiers JE, Ma X, Deziel NC. Unconventional Oil and Gas Development Exposure and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case-Control Study in Pennsylvania, 2009-2017. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:87001. [PMID: 35975995 PMCID: PMC9383266 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD) releases chemicals that have been linked to cancer and childhood leukemia. Studies of UOGD exposure and childhood leukemia are extremely limited. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate potential associations between residential proximity to UOGD and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common form of childhood leukemia, in a large regional sample using UOGD-specific metrics, including a novel metric to represent the water pathway. METHODS We conducted a registry-based case-control study of 405 children ages 2-7 y diagnosed with ALL in Pennsylvania between 2009-2017, and 2,080 controls matched on birth year. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between residential proximity to UOGD (including a new water pathway-specific proximity metric) and ALL in two exposure windows: a primary window (3 months preconception to 1 y prior to diagnosis/reference date) and a perinatal window (preconception to birth). RESULTS Children with at least one UOG well within 2 km of their birth residence during the primary window had 1.98 times the odds of developing ALL in comparison with those with no UOG wells [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 3.69]. Children with at least one vs. no UOG wells within 2 km during the perinatal window had 2.80 times the odds of developing ALL (95% CI: 1.11, 7.05). These relationships were slightly attenuated after adjusting for maternal race and socio-economic status [odds ratio (OR) = 1.74 (95% CI: 0.93, 3.27) and OR = 2.35 (95% CI: 0.93, 5.95)], respectively). The ORs produced by models using the water pathway-specific metric were similar in magnitude to the aggregate metric. DISCUSSION Our study including a novel UOGD metric found UOGD to be a risk factor for childhood ALL. This work adds to mounting evidence of UOGD's impacts on children's health, providing additional support for limiting UOGD near residences. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra J. Clark
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nicholaus P. Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mario Soriano
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joshua L. Warren
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Keli M. Sorrentino
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nina S. Kadan-Lottick
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - James E. Saiers
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nicole C. Deziel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Perinatal, Pediatric and Environmental Epidemiology, Yale University Schools of Public Health and Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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19
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Rafeeinia A, Asadikaram G, Karimi-Darabi M, Moazed V. High Levels of Organochlorines Are Associated with Induction of ABL1 Promoter Methylation in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:727-734. [PMID: 35788154 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to organochlorines is associated with epigenetic changes, including methylation change in the promoter of tumor suppressor genes, thereby leading to cancer induction. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and ABL1 promoter methylation in child patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the control group. The methylation rate of the ABL1 promoter was evaluated using the methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction method, and the level of OCPs in patients with ALL and healthy children was measured using gas chromatography. ABL1 promoter hypermethylation was observed in 64% of ALL patients and 28.5% of children in the control group. The level of OCPs in children with methylated ABL1 promoters was significantly higher than that in children with nonmethylated ABL1 promoters (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that OCPs, especially alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, 2,4 dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, and 4,4 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane may induce methylation at the ABL1 promoter level, thereby preventing the normal expression of the ABL1 gene. As a result, the reduced expression of ABL1 (a tumor suppressor) gene due to the hypermethylation of its promoter leads to the disruption of normal biological processes, thus making cells vulnerable to oncogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Rafeeinia
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Karimi-Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Moazed
- Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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20
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Panis C, Candiotto LZP, Gaboardi SC, Gurzenda S, Cruz J, Castro M, Lemos B. Widespread pesticide contamination of drinking water and impact on cancer risk in Brazil. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 165:107321. [PMID: 35691095 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides, which are associated with endocrine dysfunction, immunological dysregulation, and cancer, are widespread sources of drinking water contamination. The state of Paraná has a population of 11 million, is the second largest grain producer in Brazil and is a leading consumer of pesticides. In this study, we analyzed the extent of drinking water contamination from 11 proven, probable, or potentially carcinogenic pesticides (alachlor, aldrin-dieldrin, atrazine, chlordane, DDT-DDD-DDE, diuron, glyphosate-AMPA, lindane-γ-HCH, mancozeb-ETU, molinate, and trifluralin) in 127 grain-producing municipalities in the state of Paraná. Extensive contamination of drinking water was found, including legacy pesticides such as aldrin-dieldrin (mean 0.047 ppb), DDT-DDD-DDE (mean: 0.07), chlordane (mean: 0.181), and lindane-HCH (mean: 2.17). Most of the municipalities were significantly above the maximum limits for each one of the currently allowed pesticides (67% for alachlor, 9.44% for atrazine, 96.85% for diuron, 100% for glyphosate-AMPA, 80.31% for mancozeb-ETU, 91.33% for molinate, and 12.6% for trifluralin). Ninety-seven percent of municipalities presented a sum of all pesticides at levels significantly above (189.84 ppb) the European Union preconized limits (<0.5 ppb). Using the mean pesticide concentration in water (ppb), the exposed population for each municipality, and the benchmark cancer risk for pesticides, we estimated the minimum number of cancer cases attributable to pesticide-contaminated drinking water during the period (total of 542 cases). More than 80% were attributed to mancozeb-ETU and diuron. Glyphosate-AMPA and diuron-attributable cases strongly correlated with the total cancer cases in the same period (R = 0.8117 and 0.8138, respectively) as well as with breast cancer cases (R = 0.7695 and 0.7551, respectively). Water contamination was significantly correlated with the sum of the estimated cancer cases for all 11 pesticides detected in each city (R = 0.58 and p < 0.0001). These findings reveal extensive contamination of drinking water in the state of Paraná and suggest that contamination may increase the risk of cancer in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | | | - Shaiane Carla Gaboardi
- Catarinense Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Campus Ibirama, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Susie Gurzenda
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jurandir Cruz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
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21
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Carlson JM, Janulewicz PA, Kleinstreuer NC, Heiger-Bernays W. Impact of High-Throughput Model Parameterization and Data Uncertainty on Thyroid-Based Toxicological Estimates for Pesticide Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5620-5631. [PMID: 35446564 PMCID: PMC9070357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical-induced alteration of maternal thyroid hormone levels may increase the risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. US federal risk assessments rely almost exclusively on apical endpoints in animal models for deriving points of departure (PODs). New approach methodologies (NAMs) such as high-throughput screening (HTS) and mechanistically informative in vitro human cell-based systems, combined with in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), supplement in vivo studies and provide an alternative approach to calculate/determine PODs. We examine how parameterization of IVIVE models impacts the comparison between IVIVE-derived equivalent administered doses (EADs) from thyroid-relevant in vitro assays and the POD values that serve as the basis for risk assessments. Pesticide chemicals with thyroid-based in vitro bioactivity data from the US Tox21 HTS program were included (n = 45). Depending on the model structure used for IVIVE analysis, up to 35 chemicals produced EAD values lower than the POD. A total of 10 chemicals produced EAD values higher than the POD regardless of the model structure. The relationship between IVIVE-derived EAD values and the in vivo-derived POD values is highly dependent on model parameterization. Here, we derive a range of potentially thyroid-relevant doses that incorporate uncertainty in modeling choices and in vitro assay data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Carlson
- Environmental
Health Department, Boston University School
of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Patricia A. Janulewicz
- Environmental
Health Department, Boston University School
of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Nicole C. Kleinstreuer
- Division
of Intramural Research, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch,
and National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation
of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Wendy Heiger-Bernays
- Environmental
Health Department, Boston University School
of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
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22
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Joseph N, Propper CR, Goebel M, Henry S, Roy I, Kolok AS. Investigation of Relationships Between the Geospatial Distribution of Cancer Incidence and Estimated Pesticide Use in the U.S. West. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2021GH000544. [PMID: 35599961 PMCID: PMC9121053 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential geospatial relationship between agricultural pesticide use and two cancer metrics (pediatric cancer incidence and total cancer incidence) across each of the 11 contiguous states in the Western United States at state and county resolution. The pesticide usage data were collected from the U.S. Geological Survey Pesticide National Synthesis Project database, while cancer data for each state were compiled from the National Cancer Institute State Cancer Profiles. At the state spatial scale, this study identified a significant positive association between the total mass of fumigants and pediatric cancer incidence, and also between the mass of one fumigant in particular, metam, and total cancer incidence (P-value < 0.05). At the county scale, the relationship of all cancer incidence to pesticide usage was evaluated using a multilevel model including pesticide mass and pesticide mass tertiles. Low pediatric cancer rates in many counties precluded this type of evaluation in association with pesticide usage. At the county scale, the multilevel model using fumigant mass, fumigant mass tertiles, county, and state predicted the total cancer incidence (R-squared = 0.95, NSE = 0.91, and Sum of square of residuals [SSR] = 8.22). Moreover, this study identified significant associations between total fumigant mass, high and medium tertiles of fumigant mass, total pesticide mass, and high tertiles of pesticide mass relative to total cancer incidence across counties. Fumigant application rate was shown to be important relative to the incidence of total cancer and pediatric cancer, at both state and county scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Joseph
- Idaho Water Resources Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
| | | | - Madeline Goebel
- Idaho Water Resources Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
| | - Shantel Henry
- Department of Biological SciencesNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Indrakshi Roy
- Center for Health Equity ResearchNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Alan S. Kolok
- Idaho Water Resources Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
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23
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Poh C, McPherson JD, Tuscano J, Li Q, Parikh-Patel A, Vogel CFA, Cockburn M, Keegan T. Environmental pesticide exposure and non-Hodgkin lymphoma survival: a population-based study. BMC Med 2022; 20:165. [PMID: 35468782 PMCID: PMC9040269 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence indicating that pesticide exposure is a risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) development. However, the association between pesticide exposure and NHL survival is not well-established. METHODS Using the California Cancer Registry, we identified patients with a first primary diagnosis of NHL from 2010 to 2016 and linked these patients with CalEnviroScreen 3.0 to obtain production agriculture pesticide exposure to 70 chemicals from the state-mandated Pesticide Use Reporting (PUR) by census tract from 2012 to 2014. In addition, data from PUR was integrated into a geographic information system that employs land-use data to estimate cumulative exposure to specific pesticides previously associated with NHL (glyphosate, organophosphorus, carbamate, phenoxyherbicide, and 2,4-dimethylamine salt) between 10 years prior up to 1 year after NHL diagnosis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between total pesticide exposure from CalEnviroScreen 3.0 and individual pesticide exposure from geographic land use data and lymphoma-specific and overall survival. RESULTS Among 35,808 NHL patients identified, 44.2% were exposed to pesticide in their census tract of residence. Glyphosate, organophosphorus, carbamate, phenoxyherbicide, and 2,4-dimethylamine salt exposure was observed in 34.1%, 26.0%, 10.6%, 14.0%, and 12.8% of NHL patients, respectively. Total pesticide exposure at the time of diagnosis was not associated with lymphoma-specific or overall survival. In addition, no association was consistently found between glyphosate, organophosphorus, carbamate, phenoxyherbicide, and 2,4 dimethylamine salt exposure and lymphoma-specific or overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Although we found no consistent associations between agricultural pesticide exposure at the neighborhood level and worse survival, these results provide a platform for designing future studies to determine the association between pesticide and NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Poh
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - John D McPherson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Tuscano
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Veterans Administration, Northern California Healthcare System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Arti Parikh-Patel
- California Cancer Reporting and Epidemiologic Surveillance Program, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Christoph F A Vogel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology and the Center for Health and the Environment, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Myles Cockburn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Keegan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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24
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Rafeeinia A, Asadikaram G, Karimi-Darabi M, Abolhassani M, Abbasi-Jorjandi M, Moazed V. Organochlorine pesticides, oxidative stress biomarkers, and leukemia: a case-control study. J Investig Med 2022; 70:1736-1745. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides has been linked to an elevated risk of leukemia. The present research aimed to evaluate the relationship between organochlorine (OC) pesticides and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with leukemia. This work was conducted on 109 patients with leukemia and 109 healthy controls. The serum concentrations of seven derivatives of OCs including alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, 2,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 4,4-DDT, 2,4-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and 4,4-DDE along with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), paraoxonase-1 (PON1), and catalase (CAT) activities as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO), protein carbonyl (PC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in all the subjects. Levels of OCs were remarkably higher in patients with leukemia compared with the controls (p<0.05). In addition, levels of SOD, AChE, GPx, PON1, and TAC were remarkably lower in patients with leukemia compared with controls (p<0.05). In contrast, MDA, NO, and PC concentrations were higher in patients with leukemia than in the controls (p<0.05). Moreover, the serum level of 4,4-DDE was negatively associated with GPx activity (p=0.038). Our findings suggest that OCs may play a role in the development of leukemia by disrupting the oxidant/antioxidant balance.
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25
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Joseph N, Kolok AS. Assessment of Pediatric Cancer and Its Relationship to Environmental Contaminants: An Ecological Study in Idaho. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2021GH000548. [PMID: 35310467 PMCID: PMC8917512 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to determine the degree to which a multivariable principal component model based on several potentially carcinogenic metals and pesticides could explain the county-level pediatric cancer rates across Idaho. We contend that human exposure to environmental contaminants is one of the reasons for increased pediatric cancer incidence in the United States. Although several studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between environmental contaminants and carcinogenesis among children, research gaps exist in developing a meaningful association between them. For this study, pediatric cancer data was provided by the Cancer Data Registry of Idaho, concentrations of metals and metalloids in groundwater were collected from the Idaho Department of Water Resources, and pesticide use data were collected from the United States Geological Survey. Most environmental variables were significantly intercorrelated at an adjusted P-value <0.01 (97 out of 153 comparisons). Hence, a principal component analysis was employed to summarize those variables to a smaller number of components. An environmental burden index (EBI) was constructed using these principal components, which categorized the environmental burden profiles of counties into low, medium, and high. EBI was significantly associated with pediatric cancer incidence (P-value <0.05). The rate ratio of high EBI profile to low EBI profile for pediatric cancer incidence was estimated as 1.196, with lower and upper confidence intervals of 1.061 and 1.348, respectively. A model was also developed in the study using EBI to estimate the county-level pediatric cancer incidence in Idaho (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency = 0.97).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Joseph
- Idaho Water Resources Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
| | - Alan S. Kolok
- Idaho Water Resources Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
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26
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Niu C, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhao D, Liu F, Chao L, Wang X, Zhang C, Song G, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yan Z, Wen Y, Ge Y, Zang Z, Feng W, Zhang H, Tao L, Nakyeyune R, Shen Y, Shao Y, Guo X, Miles T, Yang A, Liu F, Wang G. Risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its histological precursor lesions in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1034. [PMID: 34530751 PMCID: PMC8444572 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite research efforts, the causative factors that contribute to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in high-risk areas have not yet been understood. In this study, we, therefore, aimed to describe the risk factors associated with ESCC and its precursor lesions. Methods We performed an endoscopic examination of 44,857 individuals aged 40–69 years from five high incidence regions of China in 2017–2018. Participants were classified as 4 groups of normal control, esophagitis, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HGIN/ESCC) using an unconditional logistic regression determine risk factors. Results We identified 4890 esophagitis, 1874 LGIN and 437 HGIN/ESCC cases. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Drinking well and surface water, salty diet, and positive family history of cancer were the common risk factors for esophagitis, LGIN and HGIN/ESCC. History of chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis was the greatest risk factor of esophagitis (adjusted OR 2.96, 95%CI 2.52–3.47) and HGIN/ESCC (adjusted OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.03–3.22). Pesticide exposure (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.37) was essential risk factor of LGIN. Conclusions Among individuals aged 40–69 years in high incidence regions of upper gastrointestinal cancer, the results provided important epidemiological evidence for the prevention of different precancerous lesions of ESCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08764-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Shaokai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Deli Zhao
- Feicheng People's Hospital, Shandong, 271600, China
| | - Fugang Liu
- Dongping People's Hospital, Shandong, 271500, China
| | - Lina Chao
- Department of Epidemiology, Hebi People's Hospital, Henan, 458030, China
| | | | - Chunli Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Ningyang County, Shandong, 271400, China
| | - Guohui Song
- Cixian Institute for Cancer Prevention and Control, Hebei, 056500, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Gansu Wuwei Cancer Hospital, Gansu, 733000, China
| | - Youpeng Li
- Minqin County People's Hospital, Gansu, 733000, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Linze County People's Hospital, Gansu, 734200, China
| | - Yongxiu Wen
- Shandan County People's Hospital, Gansu, 734000, China
| | - Yinyin Ge
- Gaotai County People's Hospital, Gansu, 734300, China
| | - Zhaoping Zang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lixin Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Rena Nakyeyune
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Toni Miles
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Guiqi Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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27
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Karalexi MA, Tagkas CF, Markozannes G, Tseretopoulou X, Hernández AF, Schüz J, Halldorsson TI, Psaltopoulou T, Petridou ET, Tzoulaki I, Ntzani EE. Exposure to pesticides and childhood leukemia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117376. [PMID: 34380208 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the abundance of epidemiological evidence concerning the association between pesticide exposure and adverse health outcomes including acute childhood leukemia (AL), evidence remains inconclusive, and is inherently limited by heterogeneous exposure assessment and multiple statistical testing. We performed a literature search of peer-reviewed studies, published until January 2021, without language restrictions. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived from stratified random-effects meta-analyses by type of exposure and outcome, exposed populations and window of exposure to address the large heterogeneity of existing literature. Heterogeneity and small-study effects were also assessed. We identified 55 eligible studies (n = 48 case-control and n = 7 cohorts) from over 30 countries assessing >200 different exposures of pesticides (n = 160,924 participants). The summary OR for maternal environmental exposure to pesticides (broad term) during pregnancy and AL was 1.88 (95%CI: 1.15-3.08), reaching 2.51 for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL; 95%CI: 1.39-4.55). Analysis by pesticide subtype yielded an increased risk for maternal herbicide (OR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.00-1.99) and insecticide (OR: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.11-2.29) exposure during pregnancy and AL without heterogeneity (p = 0.12-0.34). Meta-analyses of infant leukemia were only feasible for maternal exposure to pesticides during pregnancy. Higher magnitude risks were observed for maternal pesticide exposure and infant ALL (OR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.44-3.29), and the highest for infant acute myeloid leukemia (OR: 3.42, 95%CI: 1.98-5.91). Overall, the associations were stronger for maternal exposure during pregnancy compared to childhood exposure. For occupational or mixed exposures, parental, and specifically paternal, pesticide exposure was significantly associated with increased risk of AL (ORparental: 1.75, 95%CI: 1.08-2.85; ORpaternal: 1.20, 95%CI: 1.07-1.35). The epidemiological evidence, supported by mechanistic studies, suggests that pesticide exposure, mainly during pregnancy, increases the risk of childhood leukemia, particularly among infants. Sufficiently powered studies using repeated biomarker analyses are needed to confirm whether there is public health merit in reducing prenatal pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Karalexi
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Christos F Tagkas
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Xanthippi Tseretopoulou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de La Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Thorhallur I Halldorsson
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Eiriksgata 29, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Epidemiology Research, Centre for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut, 5, Artillerivej, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Theodora Psaltopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Th Petridou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Evangelia E Ntzani
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of Loannina, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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28
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Nguyen A, Crespi CM, Vergara X, Chun N, Kheifets L. Residential proximity to plant nurseries and risk of childhood leukemia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111388. [PMID: 34058183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides are a potential risk factor for childhood leukemia. Studies evaluating the role of prenatal and/or early life exposure to pesticides in the development of childhood leukemia have produced a range of results. In addition to indoor use of pesticides, higher risks have been reported for children born near agricultural crops. No studies have looked at pesticide exposure based on proximity of birth residence to commercial plant nurseries, even though nurseries are located much closer to residences than agricultural crops and can potentially result in chronic year-round pesticide exposure. OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether risk of childhood leukemia is associated with pesticide use as determined by distance of residence at birth to commercial, outdoor plant nurseries. METHODS We conducted a large statewide, record-based case-control study of childhood leukemia in California, which included 5788 childhood leukemia cases and an equal number of controls. Pesticide exposure was based on a spatial proximity model, which combined geographic information system data with aerial satellite imagery. RESULTS Overall, the results supported an increased childhood leukemia risk only for birth residences very close to nurseries. For birth residences less than 75 m from plant nurseries, we found an increased risk of childhood leukemia (odds ratio (OR) 2.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-5.82) that was stronger for acute lymphocytic leukemia (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.14-8.34). DISCUSSION The association was robust to choices of reference group, cut points and data quality. Our findings suggest that close proximity to plant nurseries may be a risk factor for childhood leukemia and that this relationship should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA
| | - Catherine M Crespi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA
| | - Ximena Vergara
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA
| | - Nicholas Chun
- University of California Berkeley College of Letters & Science, Berkeley, CA, 94720-2930, USA
| | - Leeka Kheifets
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA.
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Roingeard C, Monnereau A, Goujon S, Orazio S, Bouvier G, Vacquier B. Passive environmental residential exposure to agricultural pesticides and hematological malignancies in the general population: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43190-43216. [PMID: 34165744 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Incidence rates of hematological malignancies have been constantly increasing over the past 40 years. In parallel, an expanding use of agricultural pesticides has been observed. Only a limited number of studies investigated the link between hematological malignancies risk and passive environmental residential exposure to agricultural pesticides in the general population. The purpose of our review was to summarize the current state of knowledge on that question. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases. We built a scoring scale to appraise relevance of each selected articles. We included 23 publications: 13 ecological studies, 9 case-control studies and a cohort study. Positive associations were reported between hematological malignancies and individual pesticides, pesticide groups, all pesticides without distinction, or some crop types. Relevance score was highly various across studies regardless of their design. Children studies were the majority and had overall higher relevance scores. The effect of passive environmental residential exposure to agricultural pesticides on hematological malignancies risk is suggested by the literature. The main limitation of the literature available is the high heterogeneity across studies, especially in terms of exposure assessment approach. Further studies with high methodological relevance should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Roingeard
- Gironde Register of Hematologic Malignancies, Institut Bergonié, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Gironde Register of Hematologic Malignancies, Institut Bergonié, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1219 EPICENE Team, Université de Bordeaux - ISPED case 11, 46 rue Léo-Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France
- French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), 37 allées Jules-Guesde, C/o Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de médecine, 31073, Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Stéphanie Goujon
- INSERM U1153 EPICEA Team, Université Paris Descartes, 16 avenue Paul Vaillant Couturier - Bat 15/16, 94807, Villejuif Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Orazio
- Gironde Register of Hematologic Malignancies, Institut Bergonié, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1219 EPICENE Team, Université de Bordeaux - ISPED case 11, 46 rue Léo-Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Ghislaine Bouvier
- INSERM U1219 EPICENE Team, Université de Bordeaux - ISPED case 11, 46 rue Léo-Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France
| | - Blandine Vacquier
- Gironde Register of Hematologic Malignancies, Institut Bergonié, 229 cours de l'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U1219 EPICENE Team, Université de Bordeaux - ISPED case 11, 46 rue Léo-Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux cedex, France
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Lombardi C, Thompson S, Ritz B, Cockburn M, Heck JE. Residential proximity to pesticide application as a risk factor for childhood central nervous system tumors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111078. [PMID: 33798513 PMCID: PMC8212567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposures have been examined previously as risk factors for childhood brain cancers, but few studies were able to assess risk from specific agents. OBJECTIVE To evaluate risks for childhood central nervous system tumors associated with residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications. METHODS Using the California Cancer Registry, we identified cancer cases less than 6 years of age and frequency matched them by year of birth to 20 cancer-free controls identified from birth certificates. We restricted analyses to mothers living in rural areas and births occurring between 1998 and 2011, resulting in 667 cases of childhood central nervous system tumors and 123,158 controls. Possible carcinogens were selected per the Environmental Protection Agency's (US. EPA) classifications, and prenatal exposure was assessed according to pesticides reported by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation's (CDPR) Pesticide Use Reporting (PUR) system as being applied within 4000m of the maternal residence at birth. We computed odds ratios for individual pesticide associations using unconditional logistic and hierarchical regression models. RESULTS We observed elevated risks in the hierarchical models for diffuse astrocytoma with exposure to bromacil (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.13-3.97), thiophanate-methyl (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.02-2.66), triforine (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.44-3.92), and kresoxim methyl (OR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.03-4.21); elevated risks for medulloblastoma with exposure to chlorothalonil (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.15-2.76), propiconazole (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.53), dimethoate (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.43), and linuron (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.25, 5.11); and elevated risk for ependymoma with exposure to thiophanate-methyl (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.10-2.68). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that exposure to certain pesticides through residential proximity to agricultural applications during pregnancy may increase the risk of childhood central nervous system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lombardi
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 700 N. San Vicente Blvd., Pacific Design Center, G599, West Hollywood, CA, 90069, USA
| | - Shiraya Thompson
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA
| | - Myles Cockburn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001, N. Soto Street, Suite 318-A, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia E Heck
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. S, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1772, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Box 951781, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1781, USA; College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #311340, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.
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31
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Associations between pesticide mixtures applied near home during pregnancy and early childhood with adolescent behavioral and emotional problems in the CHAMACOS study. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e150. [PMID: 34131613 PMCID: PMC8196094 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Studies suggest that exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and early childhood is associated with adverse child neurodevelopment. Research to date has focused primarily on exposure to single pesticides or pesticide classes in isolation; there are little data on the effect of exposure to pesticide mixtures on child and adolescent neurodevelopment.
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Birth characteristics and childhood leukemia in Switzerland: a register-based case-control study. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 32:713-723. [PMID: 33877514 PMCID: PMC8184536 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Initial genetic alterations in the development of childhood leukemia occur in utero or before conception; both genetic and environmental factors are suspected to play a role. We aimed to investigate the associations between childhood leukemia and perinatal characteristics including birth order, birth interval to older siblings, parental age, birth weight, and multiple birth. Methods We identified cases diagnosed between 1981 and 2015 and born in Switzerland between 1969 and 2015 from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry and randomly sampled five controls per case from national birth records matched on date of birth, sex, and municipality of residence at birth. We used conditional logistic regression to investigate associations between perinatal characteristics and leukemia at ages 0–15 and 0–4 years, and the subtypes acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Results The study included 1,403 cases of leukemia. We observed increased risks associated with high birth weight (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12–1.69) and multiple birth (1.89, 1.24–2.86). These associations were similar for ALL and stronger for leukemia at ages 0–4 years. For AML, we observed an increased risk for higher birth order (3.08, 0.43–22.03 for fourth or later born children). We found no associations with other perinatal characteristics. Conclusion This register-based case–control study adds to the existing evidence of a positive association between high birth weight and risk of childhood leukemia. Furthermore, it suggests children from multiple births are at an increased risk of leukemia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10552-021-01423-3.
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Kugel C, Seda CH. Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers: Cancer Risks, Barriers to Care, and Ways to Overcome Them. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2021; 25:219-222. [PMID: 33739336 DOI: 10.1188/21.cjon.219-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFWs) encounter numerous and overlapping barriers to healthcare access, including economic, cultural, linguistic, and logistic factors, all of which may contribute to disparities in cancer outcomes. For many MSFWs and their families, healthcare access and continuity are further eroded by their mobility. In addition, MSFWs experience occupational exposures that increase their risk of cancer.
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Acute lymphoid leukemia etiopathogenesis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:817-822. [PMID: 33438082 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) is a type of hematological neoplasm that affects the precursor cells of strains B, T and NK, with a higher incidence in the pediatric range. The pathophysiology of ALL is characterized by chromosomal abnormalities and genetic alterations involved in the differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid precursor cells. Despite the lack of information in the literature, it is believed that leukemogenesis originates from a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors, which combined lead to cellular modifications. Environmental factors have been evaluated as possible predisposing factors in the development of ALL but there are still conflicting results in the world literature. In this context, the aim of the present review is to discuss the major exogenous factors regarding ALL.
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Rodriguez-Villamizar LA, Moreno-Corzo FE, Valbuena-Garcia AM, Uribe Pérez CJ, Brome Bohórquez MR, García García HI, Bravo LE, Ortiz Martínez RG, Niederbacher Velásquez J, Osornio-Vargas AR. Childhood Leukemia in Small Geographical Areas and Proximity to Industrial Sources of Air Pollutants in Three Colombian Cities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7925. [PMID: 33137878 PMCID: PMC7662935 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute leukemia is the most common childhood cancer and has been associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens. This study aimed to identify clusters of acute childhood leukemia (ACL) cases and analyze their relationship with proximity to industrial sources of air pollution in three capital cities in Colombia during 2000-2015. Incident ACL cases were obtained from the population cancer registries for the cities of Bucaramanga, Cali, and Medellín. The inventory of industrial sources of emissions to the air was obtained from the regional environmental authorities and industrial conglomerates were identified. The Kulldorf's circular scan test was used to detect city clusters and to identify clusters around industrial conglomerates. Multivariable spatial modeling assessed the effect of distance and direction from the industrial conglomerates controlling for socioeconomic status. We identified industrials sectors within a buffer of 1 km around industrial conglomerates related to the ACL clusters. Incidence rates showed geographical heterogeneity with low spatial autocorrelation within cities. The spatio-temporal tests identified one cluster in each city. The industries located within 1 km around the ACL clusters identified in the three cities represent different sectors. Exposure to air pollution from industrial sources might be contributing to the incidence of ACL cases in urban settings in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feisar Enrique Moreno-Corzo
- Public Health Observatory of Santander, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca 681003, Colombia; (F.E.M.-C.); (R.G.O.M.)
| | - Ana María Valbuena-Garcia
- Department of Public Health, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia;
- Cuenta de Alto Costo, Fondo Colombiano de Enfermedades de Alto Costo, Bogotá 110111, Colombia
| | - Claudia Janeth Uribe Pérez
- Population Based Cancer Registry of the Metropolitan Area of Bucaramanga, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga 681003, Colombia;
| | | | | | - Luis Eduardo Bravo
- Population Based Cancer Registry of Cali, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760043, Colombia;
| | - Rafael Gustavo Ortiz Martínez
- Public Health Observatory of Santander, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Floridablanca 681003, Colombia; (F.E.M.-C.); (R.G.O.M.)
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