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Yu M, Liu J, Chen J, Lin C, Deng S, Wu M. Metagenomic and metabolomic profiling of dried shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) prepared by a procedure traditional to the south China coastal area. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-023-00475-6. [PMID: 38196020 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Sun-drying is a traditional process for preparing dried shrimp in coastal area of South China, but its impacts on nutrition and the formation of flavor-contributory substances in dried shrimp remain largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of the production process on the microbiota and metabolites in dried shrimp. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was employed to identify 170 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with Vibrio, Photobacterium, and Shewanella emerging as the primary pathogenic bacteria in shrimp samples. Lactococcus lactis was identified as the principal potential beneficial microorganism to accrue during the dried shrimp production process and found to contribute significantly to the development of desirable shrimp flavors. LC-MS-based analyses of dried shrimp sample metabolomes revealed a notable increase in compounds associated with unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and flavonoid and flavanol biosynthesis throughout the drying process. Subsequent exploration of the relationship between metabolites and bacterial communities highlighted the predominant coexistence of Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, and Photobacterium contributing heterocyclic compounds and metabolites of organic acids and their derivatives. Conversely, Arthrobacter and Staphylococcus were found to inhibit each other, primarily in the presence of heterocyclic compounds. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the dynamic changes in the microbiota and metabolites of dried shrimps spanning different drying periods, which we expect to contribute to enhancing production techniques and safety measures for dried shrimp processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Yu
- Department of Food Science, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, 528137, China.
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Food Science, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, 528137, China
| | - Junjia Chen
- Department of Food Science, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, 528137, China
| | - Chuyi Lin
- Department of Food Science, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, 528137, China
| | - Shiqing Deng
- Department of Food Science, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, 528137, China
| | - Minfu Wu
- Department of Food Science, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, 528137, China
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2
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Norfolk WA, Shue C, Henderson WM, Glinski DA, Lipp EK. Vibrio alginolyticus growth kinetics and the metabolic effects of iron. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0268023. [PMID: 37966200 PMCID: PMC10714744 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02680-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Transmission of V. alginolyticus occurs opportunistically through direct seawater exposure and is a function of its abundance in the environment. Like other Vibrio spp., V. alginolyticus are considered conditionally rare taxa in marine waters, with populations capable of forming large, short-lived blooms under specific environmental conditions, which remain poorly defined. Prior research has established the importance of temperature and salinity as the major determinants of Vibrio geographical and temporal range. However, bloom formation can be strongly influenced by other factors that may be more episodic and localized, such as changes in iron availability. Here we confirm the broad temperature and salinity tolerance of V. alginolyticus and demonstrate the importance of iron supplementation as a key factor for growth in the absence of thermal or osmotic stress. The results of this research highlight the importance of episodic iron input as a crucial metric to consider for the assessment of V. alginolyticus risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Norfolk
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Charlyn Shue
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - W. Matthew Henderson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Donna A. Glinski
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Erin K. Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Tian J, Yang Y, Xu W, Du X, Ye Y, Zhu B, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Li Y. Effects of β-1,3-glucan on growth, immune responses, and intestinal microflora of the river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) and its resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109142. [PMID: 37805111 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of β-1,3-glucan on the immune responses and gut microbiota of the river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) in the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus stress. Shrimps were fed one of the following diets: control (G1), 0.2% curdlan (G2), 0.1% β-1,3-glucan (G3), 0.2% β-1,3-glucan (G4), or 1.0% β-1,3-glucan (G5) for 6 weeks and then challenged with V. parahaemolyticus for 96 h. Under Vibrio stress, shrimps in G4 exhibited the highest length gain rate, weight gain rate, and survival rate. They also showed increased intestinal muscle thickness and villus thickness compared to the control and 0.2% curdlan groups. The apoptosis rate was lower in G4 than in the control group, and the digestive enzyme activities (pepsin, trypsin, amylase, and lipase), immune enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, and phenoxidase), and energy metabolism (triglyceride, cholesterol, glycogen, and lactate dehydrogenase) were enhanced. Expression levels of growth-related genes (ecdysone receptor, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I, chitin synthase, and retinoid X receptor) and immune-related genes (toll-like receptor 3, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, mitogen-activated protein kinase 7, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 14) were higher in G4 than in the control. Microbiota analysis indicated higher bacterial abundance in shrimps fed β-1,3-glucan, as evidenced by Sob, Chao1, and ACE indices. Moreover, 0.2% β-1,3-glucan increased the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Firmicutes while reducing those of Corynebacteriales and Lactobacillales. In summary, β-1,3-glucan enhances immune enzyme activities, alters immune-related gene expression, and impacts gut microbial diversity in shrimp. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying β-1,3 glucan's immune-enhancing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Tian
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yucong Ye
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bihong Zhu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Dan T, Qin H, Sun C, Shen H, Guo L. Detection of V. vulnificus septic shock with ARDS using mNGS. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220584. [PMID: 37215494 PMCID: PMC10199319 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest surveillance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that the annual incidence of V. vulnificus infection is increasing. Unfortunately, in less well-known high-risk groups, this infection is usually excluded from differential diagnosis. Transmitted through wound exposure or ingestion, the mortality rate of foodborne diseases of V. vulnificus is the highest of all V. vulnificus. V. vulnificus is as lethal early diagnosis as Ebola and bubonic plague, so timely treatment is imperative. Sepsis caused by V. vulnificus infection mainly exists in the United States and is rarely reported in Southeast Asia. We report a 78-year-old man who went to the local hospital and complained of swelling in his right hand with severe pain. He ate raw salmon 2 days ago and denied other recognized seafood stab or trauma history and other seafood contact history. He was in septic shock at the time of treatment, so we immediately transferred to the emergency intensive care unit and tested for metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). The diagnosis was confirmed the second day after admission, and eventually he was cured and discharged from the hospital only after medical treatment, thus avoiding the risk of surgical debridement or even amputation. mNGS is helpful for early clinical diagnosis and effective early intervention for etiology, so that patients can get a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangjun Dan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haidong Qin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - CaiZhi Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ayala AJ, Ogbunugafor CB. When Vibrios Take Flight: A Meta-Analysis of Pathogenic Vibrio Species in Wild and Domestic Birds. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1404:295-336. [PMID: 36792882 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Of the over 100 species in the genus Vibrio, approximately twelve are associated with clinical disease, such as cholera and vibriosis. Crucially, eleven of those twelve, including Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus, have been isolated from birds. Since 1965, pathogenic Vibrio species have been consistently isolated from aquatic and ground-foraging bird species, which has implications for public health, as well as the One Health paradigm defined as an ecology-inspired, integrative framework for the study of health and disease, inclusive of environmental, human, and animal health. In this meta-analysis, we identified 76 studies from the primary literature which report on or examine birds as hosts for pathogenic Vibrio species. We found that the burden of disease in birds was most commonly associated with V. cholerae, followed by V. metschnikovii and V. parahaemolyticus. Meta-analysis wide prevalence of our Vibrio pathogens varied from 19% for V. parahaemolyticus to 1% for V. mimicus. Wild and domestic birds were both affected, which may have implications for conservation, as well as agriculturally associated avian species. As pathogenic Vibrios become more abundant throughout the world as a result of warming estuaries and oceans, susceptible avian species should be continually monitored as potential reservoirs for these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Ayala
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Brandon Ogbunugafor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Targeting Virulence Genes Expression in Vibrio vulnificus by Alternative Carbon Sources. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315278. [PMID: 36499602 PMCID: PMC9737408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing self-limiting gastroenteritis, life-threatening necrotizing soft tissue infection, and fulminating septicaemia. An increasing rate of infections has been reported worldwide, characterized by sudden onset of sepsis and/or rapid progression to irreversible tissue damage or death. Timely intervention is essential to control the infection, and it is based on antibiotic therapy, which does not always result in the effective and rapid blocking of virulence. Inhibitors of essential virulence regulators have been reported in the last years, but none of them has been further developed, so far. We aimed to investigate whether exposure to some carbon compounds, mostly easily metabolizable, could result in transcriptional down-regulation of virulence genes. We screened various carbon sources already available for human use (thus potentially easy to be repurposed), finding some of them (including mannitol and glycerol) highly effective in down-regulating, in vitro and ex-vivo, the mRNA levels of several relevant -even essential- virulence factors (hlyU, lrp, rtxA, vvpE, vvhA, plpA, among others). This paves the way for further investigations aiming at their development as virulence inhibitors and to unveil mechanisms explaining such observed effects. Moreover, data suggesting the existence of additional regulatory networks of some virulence genes are reported.
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Fleischmann S, Herrig I, Wesp J, Stiedl J, Reifferscheid G, Strauch E, Alter T, Brennholt N. Prevalence and Distribution of Potentially Human Pathogenic Vibrio spp. on German North and Baltic Sea Coasts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:846819. [PMID: 35937704 PMCID: PMC9355094 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.846819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global ocean warming results in an increase of infectious diseases including an elevated emergence of Vibrio spp. in Northern Europe. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reported annual periods of high to very high risks of infection with Vibrio spp. during summer months along the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts. Based on those facts, the risk of Vibrio infections associated with recreational bathing in European coastal waters increases. To obtain an overview of the seasonal and spatial distribution of potentially human pathogenic Vibrio spp. at German coasts, this study monitored V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus at seven recreational bathing areas from 2017 to 2018, including the heat wave event in summer 2018. The study shows that all three Vibrio species occurred in water and sediment samples at all sampling sites. Temperature was shown to be the main driving factor of Vibrio abundance, whereas Vibrio community composition was mainly modulated by salinity. A species-specific rapid increase was observed at water temperatures above 10°C, reaching the highest detection numbers during the heat wave event with abundances of 4.5 log10 CFU+1/100 ml of seawater and 6.5 log10 CFU+1/100 g of sediment. Due to salinity, the dominant Vibrio species found in North Sea samples was V. parahaemolyticus, whereas V. vulnificus was predominantly detected in Baltic Sea samples. Most detections of V. cholerae were associated with estuarine samples from both seas. Vibrio spp. concentrations in sediments were up to three log higher compared to water samples, indicating that sediments are an important habitat for Vibrio spp. to persist in the environment. Antibiotic resistances were found against beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin 31%, cefazolin 36%, and oxacillin and penicillin 100%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (45%). Moreover, isolates harboring pathogenicity-associated genes such as trh for V. parahaemolyticus as well as vcg, cap/wcv, and the 16S rRNA-type B variant for V. vulnificus were detected. All sampled V. cholerae isolates were identified as non-toxigenic non-O1/non-O139 serotypes. To sum up, increasing water temperatures at German North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts provoke elevated Vibrio numbers and encourage human recreational water activities, resulting in increased exposure rates. Owing to a moderate Baltic Sea salinity, the risk of V. vulnificus infections is of particular concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fleischmann
- Department G3-Bio-Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Susanne Fleischmann, ; Ilona Herrig,
| | - Ilona Herrig
- Department G3-Bio-Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Susanne Fleischmann, ; Ilona Herrig,
| | - Jessica Wesp
- Department G3-Bio-Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Joscha Stiedl
- Department G3-Bio-Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Department G3-Bio-Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Eckhard Strauch
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Brennholt
- Department G3-Bio-Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Koblenz, Germany
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Amato E, Riess M, Thomas-Lopez D, Linkevicius M, Pitkänen T, Wołkowicz T, Rjabinina J, Jernberg C, Hjertqvist M, MacDonald E, Antony-Samy JK, Dalsgaard Bjerre K, Salmenlinna S, Fuursted K, Hansen A, Naseer U. Epidemiological and microbiological investigation of a large increase in vibriosis, northern Europe, 2018. Euro Surveill 2022; 27:2101088. [PMID: 35837965 PMCID: PMC9284918 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.28.2101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundVibriosis cases in Northern European countries and countries bordering the Baltic Sea increased during heatwaves in 2014 and 2018.AimWe describe the epidemiology of vibriosis and the genetic diversity of Vibrio spp. isolates from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Poland and Estonia in 2018, a year with an exceptionally warm summer.MethodsIn a retrospective study, we analysed demographics, geographical distribution, seasonality, causative species and severity of non-travel-related vibriosis cases in 2018. Data sources included surveillance systems, national laboratory notification databases and/or nationwide surveys to public health microbiology laboratories. Moreover, we performed whole genome sequencing and multilocus sequence typing of available isolates from 2014 to 2018 to map their genetic diversity.ResultsIn 2018, we identified 445 non-travel-related vibriosis cases in the study countries, considerably more than the median of 126 cases between 2014 and 2017 (range: 87-272). The main reported mode of transmission was exposure to seawater. We observed a species-specific geographical disparity of vibriosis cases across the Nordic-Baltic region. Severe vibriosis was associated with infections caused by Vibrio vulnificus (adjOR: 17.2; 95% CI: 3.3-90.5) or Vibrio parahaemolyticus (adjOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.0-4.5), age ≥ 65 years (65-79 years: adjOR: 3.9; 95% CI: 1.7-8.7; ≥ 80 years: adjOR: 15.5; 95% CI: 4.4-54.3) or acquiring infections during summer (adjOR: 5.1; 95% CI: 2.4-10.9). Although phylogenetic analysis revealed diversity between Vibrio spp. isolates, two V. vulnificus clusters were identified.ConclusionShared sentinel surveillance for vibriosis during summer may be valuable to monitor this emerging public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Amato
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Riess
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Stockholm, Sweden,European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Thomas-Lopez
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark,European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marius Linkevicius
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland,European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Kuopio, Finland,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jelena Rjabinina
- Health Board, Department of CD Surveillance and Control, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Cecilia Jernberg
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Microbiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Hjertqvist
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily MacDonald
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Karsten Dalsgaard Bjerre
- Data Integration and Analysis, Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Saara Salmenlinna
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kurt Fuursted
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Division of Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Hansen
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Department of Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Umaer Naseer
- Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Bullington JA, Golder AR, Steward GF, McManus MA, Neuheimer AB, Glazer BT, Nigro OD, Nelson CE. Refining real-time predictions of Vibrio vulnificus concentrations in a tropical urban estuary by incorporating dissolved organic matter dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154075. [PMID: 35218838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The south shore of O'ahu, Hawai'i is one of the most visited coastal tourism areas in the United States with some of the highest instances of recreational waterborne disease. A population of the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio vulnificus lives in the estuarine Ala Wai Canal in Honolulu which surrounds the heavily populated tourism center of Waikīkī. We developed a statistical model to predict V. vulnificus dynamics in this system using environmental measurements from moored oceanographic and atmospheric sensors in real time. During a year-long investigation, we analyzed water from 9 sampling events at 3 depths and 8 sites along the canal (n = 213) for 36 biogeochemical variables and V. vulnificus concentration using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of the hemolysin A gene (vvhA). The best multiple linear regression model of V. vulnificus concentration, explaining 80% of variation, included only six predictors: 5-day average rainfall preceding water sampling, daily maximum air temperature, water temperature, nitrate plus nitrite, and two metrics of humic dissolved organic matter (DOM). We show how real-time predictions of V. vulnificus concentration can be made using these models applied to the time series of water quality measurements from the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) as well as the PacIOOS plume model based on the Waikīkī Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) products. These applications highlight the importance of including DOM variables in predictive modeling of V. vulnificus and the influence of rain events in elevating nearshore concentrations of V. vulnificus. Long-term climate model projections of locally downscaled monthly rainfall and air temperature were used to predict an overall increase in V. vulnificus concentration of approximately 2- to 3-fold by 2100. Improving these predictive models of microbial populations is critical for management of waterborne pathogen risk exposure, particularly in the wake of a changing global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Bullington
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), Honolulu, HI, United States; Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.
| | - Abigail R Golder
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), Honolulu, HI, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, United States
| | - Grieg F Steward
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Margaret A McManus
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Anna B Neuheimer
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian T Glazer
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Olivia D Nigro
- Department of Natural Science, Hawai'i Pacific University, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Craig E Nelson
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE), Honolulu, HI, United States; Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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10
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Vu TTT, Hoang TTH, Fleischmann S, Pham HN, Lai TLH, Cam TTH, Truong LO, Le VANP, Alter T, Alter T. Quantification and Antimicrobial Resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Retail Seafood in Hanoi, Vietnam. J Food Prot 2022; 85:786-791. [PMID: 35226753 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major cause of foodborne diseases and a significant threat to human health worldwide. Most of the infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus are usually associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, quantitative load, and antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus in retail seafood in Hanoi, Vietnam. A total of 120 seafood samples consisting of marine fish (n = 30), oysters (n = 30), shrimp (n = 30), and squid (n = 30) were purchased from different traditional markets in Hanoi between May and October 2020. Isolation of V. parahaemolyticus was based on ISO/TS 21872-1:2017, and the most-probable-number (MPN) method was used for quantification. The disk diffusion method was applied for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Overall, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 58.33% of the samples. V. parahaemolyticus was most commonly isolated in shrimp samples, with a prevalence of 86.67%, followed by fish (53.33%), squid (53.33%), and oysters (40%). One V. parahaemolyticus isolate from an oyster carrying the trh gene was detected. Of the positive samples, 27.14% contained V. parahaemolyticus counts of less than 2 log MPN/g, whereas 44.29% ranged from 2 to 4 log MPN/g and 28.57% contained more than 4 log MPN/g. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, 85.71% of V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic tested. The highest rate of resistance was observed against ampicillin (81.43%), followed by cefotaxime (11.43%), ceftazidime (11.43%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (8.57%), and tetracycline (2.86%). The results demonstrate the high prevalence and quantitative load and the antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood sold in the study area. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Tra Vu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 100000 Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Ha Hoang
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 100000 Vietnam
| | - Susanne Fleischmann
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hong Ngan Pham
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 100000 Vietnam
| | - Thi Lan Huong Lai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 100000 Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Ha Cam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 100000 Vietnam
| | - Lan Oanh Truong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 100000 Vietnam
| | - VAN Phan Le
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, 100000 Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thanh Dong University, 100000 Vietnam
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Safety and Food Hygiene, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Freie Universitat Berlin Koenigsweg 69 GERMANY Berlin 14163
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11
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"The Baltic Sea Germ": A Case Report of Necrotizing Fasciitis following Vibrio vulnificus Infection. Case Rep Orthop 2022; 2022:5908666. [PMID: 35371575 PMCID: PMC8967550 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5908666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported is an 80-year-old patient with septic shock from necrotizing fasciitis secondary to a Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) infection. The patient reports having been swimming in the Baltic Sea after a minor trauma to the left leg. Emergency superficial necrosectomy followed by intensive medical therapy was performed. Antibiotic therapy was initiated with a third-generation cephalosporin and a tetracycline. Vv was detected in the intraoperative microbiological smears. Instead of a leg amputation and a flap, due to the patient's age, a split skin covering to consolidate the wound was performed. Vv is a gram-negative rod bacterium of the genus Vibrio. Vv occurs in warm, low-salinity seawater (brackish water). In Germany, Vv occurs primarily in river mouths of the low-salinity Baltic Sea. Infections by Vv can occur through open wounds or by eating raw infected seafood, especially oysters. Infection via wounds often take a fulminant lethal course. Patients with chronic diseases, weakened immune system, and open wounds are particularly at risk. Infections with Vv are rare, but occur worldwide. Global warming is expected to spread Vv as water temperature increases and the dilution effect of sea level rise further decreases ocean salinity, and natural disasters promote the spread of Vv.
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12
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Hammerl JA, Ritchie JM, Leoni F, Banerjee S, Strauch E. Editorial: Molecular Adaptations of Vibrionaceae to Changing Environments, Volume II. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:863038. [PMID: 35356514 PMCID: PMC8959882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.863038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jens A Hammerl
- Consultant Laboratory for Vibrio spp. in Food, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer M Ritchie
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Leoni
- National Reference Laboratory for Control of Bacteriological Contamination of Bivalve Molluscs, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Ancona, Italy
| | - Swapan Banerjee
- Vibrio Laboratory, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Eckhard Strauch
- Consultant Laboratory for Vibrio spp. in Food, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Stephen J, Lekshmi M, Ammini P, Kumar SH, Varela MF. Membrane Efflux Pumps of Pathogenic Vibrio Species: Role in Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020382. [PMID: 35208837 PMCID: PMC8875612 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial species of the Vibrio genus have had considerable significance upon human health for centuries. V. cholerae is the causative microbial agent of cholera, a severe ailment characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, a condition associated with epidemics, and seven great historical pandemics. V. parahaemolyticus causes wound infection and watery diarrhea, while V. vulnificus can cause wound infections and septicemia. Species of the Vibrio genus with resistance to multiple antimicrobials have been a significant health concern for several decades. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance machinery in Vibrio spp. include biofilm formation, drug inactivation, target protection, antimicrobial permeability reduction, and active antimicrobial efflux. Integral membrane-bound active antimicrobial efflux pump systems include primary and secondary transporters, members of which belong to closely related protein superfamilies. The RND (resistance-nodulation-division) pumps, the MFS (major facilitator superfamily) transporters, and the ABC superfamily of efflux pumps constitute significant drug transporters for investigation. In this review, we explore these antimicrobial transport systems in the context of Vibrio spp. pathogenesis and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerusha Stephen
- QC Laboratory, Harvest and Post-Harvest Technology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Seven Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India; (J.S.); (M.L.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Manjusha Lekshmi
- QC Laboratory, Harvest and Post-Harvest Technology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Seven Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India; (J.S.); (M.L.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Parvathi Ammini
- Department of Biotechnology, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 682022, India;
| | - Sanath H. Kumar
- QC Laboratory, Harvest and Post-Harvest Technology Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Seven Bungalows, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400061, India; (J.S.); (M.L.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Manuel F. Varela
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Brandão J, Weiskerger C, Valério E, Pitkänen T, Meriläinen P, Avolio L, Heaney CD, Sadowsky MJ. Climate Change Impacts on Microbiota in Beach Sand and Water: Looking Ahead. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1444. [PMID: 35162479 PMCID: PMC8834802 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Beach sand and water have both shown relevance for human health and their microbiology have been the subjects of study for decades. Recently, the World Health Organization recommended that recreational beach sands be added to the matrices monitored for enterococci and Fungi. Global climate change is affecting beach microbial contamination, via changes to conditions like water temperature, sea level, precipitation, and waves. In addition, the world is changing, and humans travel and relocate, often carrying endemic allochthonous microbiota. Coastal areas are amongst the most frequent relocation choices, especially in regions where desertification is taking place. A warmer future will likely require looking beyond the use of traditional water quality indicators to protect human health, in order to guarantee that waterways are safe to use for bathing and recreation. Finally, since sand is a complex matrix, an alternative set of microbial standards is necessary to guarantee that the health of beach users is protected from both sand and water contaminants. We need to plan for the future safer use of beaches by adapting regulations to a climate-changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Brandão
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Chelsea Weiskerger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Elisabete Valério
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Department of Health Security, The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (T.P.); (P.M.)
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Meriläinen
- Department of Health Security, The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; (T.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Lindsay Avolio
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (L.A.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Christopher D. Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (L.A.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Michael J. Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
- Department of Soil, Water & Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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15
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Hecht J, Borowiak M, Fortmeier B, Dikou S, Gierer W, Klempien I, Nekat J, Schaefer S, Strauch E. Case Report: Vibrio fluvialis isolated from a wound infection after a piercing trauma in the Baltic Sea. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:000312. [PMID: 35252751 PMCID: PMC8895609 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio spp. are Gram-negative bacteria found in marine ecosystems. Non-cholera Vibrio spp. can cause gastrointestinal infections and can also lead to wound infections through exposure to contaminated seawater. Vibrio infections are increasingly documented from the Baltic Sea due to extended warm weather periods. We describe the first isolation of Vibrio fluvialis from a wound infection acquired by an impalement injury in the shallow waters of the Baltic Sea. The severe infection required amputation of the third toe. Whole genome sequencing of the isolate was performed and revealed a genome consisting of two circular chromosomes with a size of 1.57 and 3.24 Mb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hecht
- Unfallchirurgie, Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Große Parower Straße 47-53 18435, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Maria Borowiak
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Fortmeier
- Unfallchirurgie, Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Große Parower Straße 47-53 18435, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Salah Dikou
- Unfallchirurgie, Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Große Parower Straße 47-53 18435, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Gierer
- MVZ Limbach Vorpommern Rügen, Große Parower Str. 47-53, 18435 Stralsund, Germany
| | - Ingo Klempien
- Klinische Hygiene und Infektiologie, Helios Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Große Parower Straße 47-53 18435 Stralsund, Germany
| | - Jonas Nekat
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schaefer
- MVZ Limbach Vorpommern Rügen, Große Parower Str. 47-53, 18435 Stralsund, Germany
| | - Eckhard Strauch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Eckhard Strauch,
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16
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Brehm TT, Dupke S, Hauk G, Fickenscher H, Rohde H, Berneking L. [Non-cholera Vibrio species - currently still rare but growing danger of infection in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea]. Internist (Berl) 2021; 62:876-886. [PMID: 34269833 PMCID: PMC8283098 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-021-01086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abundance of non-cholera Vibrio spp. in the aquatic environment shows a positive correlation with water temperatures. Therefore, climate change has an important impact on the epidemiology of human infections with these pathogens. In recent years large outbreaks have been repeatedly observed during the summer months in temperate climate zones. OBJECTIVE To inform medical professionals about the potentially life-threatening diseases caused by non-cholera Vibrio spp. MATERIAL AND METHODS Review of the current literature on infections with non-cholera Vibrio spp. in general and on the epidemiological situation in Germany in particular. RESULTS Non-cholera Vibrio spp. predominantly cause wound and ear infections after contact with contaminated seawater and gastroenteritis after consumption of undercooked seafood. As there have not been mandatory notification systems for these pathogens in Germany up to March 2020, a high number of unreported cases must be assumed. Immunosuppressed and chronically ill patients have a much higher risk for severe courses of diseases. If an infection with non-cholera Vibrio spp. is suspected anti-infective treatment should be promptly initiated and surgical cleansing is often necessary for wound and soft tissue infections. CONCLUSION Due to the ongoing global warming an increased incidence of human infections with non-cholera Vibrio spp. must be expected in the future. Medical professionals should be aware of these bacterial pathogens and the potentially life-threatening infections in order to enable timely diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Theo Brehm
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Sektion Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, .
| | - Susann Dupke
- Robert Koch Institut, ZBS 2: Hochpathogene mikrobielle Erreger, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Gerhard Hauk
- Landesamt für Gesundheit und Soziales Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Abteilung Gesundheit, Dezernat Umwelthygiene, Umweltmedizin, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Helmut Fickenscher
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel und Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Holger Rohde
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Laura Berneking
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
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17
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Park YS, Park JS, Lee S, Jung SH, Kim SK, Ryu CM. Simultaneous profiling of Arabidopsis thaliana and Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24/O transcriptomes by dual RNA-seq analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2084-2096. [PMID: 33995904 PMCID: PMC8085779 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a marine bacterial pathogen Vibrio vulnificus isolated from sea foods modulated gene expression levels and defense responses of a land plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Although the interaction between V. vulnificus and A. thaliana was verified under artificial and greenhouse conditions, the simultaneous changes in host and pathogen transcriptomes remained obscure. In this study, we simultaneously analyzed the transcriptome of V. vulnificus MO6-24/O and A. thaliana by dual RNA-sequencing analysis. Disease symptoms appeared at 5 and 7 days post-inoculation in vitro and post-infiltration in planta, respectively. A total of 31, 128, 303, 219, and 130 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in V. vulnificus MO6-24/O at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-infiltration. Out of these, 14 genes involved in the virulence and pathogenicity of V. vulnificus MO6 were characterized. These genes were clustered into six categories, including adherence, antiphagocytosis, chemotaxis and motility, iron uptake, toxin and secretion system. In plant side, the bacterium DEGs potentially played a pivotal role in activating pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)-mediated defense responses. A. thaliana genes related to PRRs, reactive oxygen species burst, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade induction, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin were highly induced by V. vulnificus MO6-24/O challenge. Taken together, our results indicate that the sophisticated communication between a marine bacterial pathogen V. vulnificus and A. thaliana occurs. It is the first report demonstration that V. vulnificus actively modulates its virulence factors and potential host immune regulator in a land plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soon Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, South Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Jung
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Personalized Medical Genomics Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST) KRIBB School, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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18
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Santos LDO, de Lanna CA, Arcanjo ACDC, Bisch PM, von Krüger WMA. Genotypic Diversity and Pathogenic Potential of Clinical and Environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates From Brazil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:602653. [PMID: 33776949 PMCID: PMC7994283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.602653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains recovered from human diarrheal stools (one in 1975 and two in 2001) and environmental sources (four, between 2008 and 2010) were investigated for the presence of virulence genes (trh, tdh, and vpadF), pandemic markers (orf8, toxRSnew), and with respect to their pathogenic potential in two systemic infection models. Based only on the presence or absence of these genetic markers, they were classified as follows: the environmental strains were non-pathogenic, whereas among the clinical strains, the one isolated in 1975 was pathogenic (non-pandemic), and the other two were pathogenic (pandemic). The pathogenic potential of the strains was evaluated in mice and Galleria mellonella larvae infection models, and except for the clinical (pathogenic, non-pandemic) isolate, the others produced lethal infection in both organisms, regardless of their source, serotype, and genotype (tdh, orf8, toxRSnew, and vpadF). Based on mice and larval mortality rates, the strains were then grouped according to virulence (high, intermediate, and avirulent), and remarkably similar results were obtained by using these models: The clinical strain (pathogenic and non-pandemic) was classified as avirulent, and other strains (four non-pathogenic and two pandemic) were considered of high or intermediate virulence. In summary, these findings demonstrate that G. mellonella larvae can indeed be used as an alternative model to study the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus. Moreover, they raise doubts about the use of traditional virulence markers to predict pathogenesis of the species and show that reliable models are indispensable to determine the pathogenic potential of environmental isolates considered non-pathogenic, based on the absence of the long-standing virulence indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de O Santos
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristóvão A de Lanna
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina da C Arcanjo
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Bisch
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanda M A von Krüger
- Laboratório de Física Biológica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Liu X, Liu Y, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Li X, Guo D, Wang P, Xu X. Biochemical Characterization of Arylamine N-acetyltransferases From Vibrio vulnificus. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:595083. [PMID: 33537010 PMCID: PMC7847940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.595083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a zoonotic bacterium that is capable of causing highly lethal diseases in humans; this pathogen is responsible for 95% of all seafood-related deaths in the United States. Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NAT, E.C. 2.3.1.5) is a major family of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes that can biotransform aromatic amine chemicals. In this research, to evaluate the effect of NAT on acetyl group transformation in arylamine antibiotics, we first used sequence alignment to study the structure of V. vulnificus NAT [(VIBVN)NAT]. The nat gene encodes a protein of 260 amino acids, which has an approximate molecular mass of 30 kDa. Then we purified recombinant (VIBVN)NAT and determined the enzyme activity by PNPA and DTNB methods. The DTNB method indicates that this prokaryotic NAT has a particular substrate specificity towards aromatic substrates. However, (VIBVN)NAT lost most of its activity after treatment with high concentrations of urea and H2O2. In addition, we also explored the stability of the enzyme at different temperatures and pH values. In analyzing the influence of metal ions, the enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by Zn2+ and Cu2+. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were determined using hydralazine, isoniazid, 4-amino salicylic acid, and 4-chloro-3-methylaniline as substrates, and the Tm, Tagg and size distribution of (VIBVN)NAT were observed. In particular, a molecular docking study on the structure of (VIBVN)NAT was conducted to understand its biochemical traits. These results showed that (VIBVN)NAT could acetylate various aromatic amine substrates and contribute to arylamine antibiotic resistance in V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Liu
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuanchang Liu
- Quality Control Department, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangjian Zhao
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Guo
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Marine Drug Screening and Evaluation Platform (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Center for Innovation Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
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20
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Yang X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Shen H, Jiang G, Dong J, Zhao P, Gao S. A Real-Time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of Vibrio vulnificus in Seafood. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:586981. [PMID: 33240242 PMCID: PMC7677453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.586981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important foodborne pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus gives a significant threat to food safety and public health. Rapid and accurate detection methods for V. vulnificus are required to control its spread. The conventional detection methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, while the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- and quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods are limited because of their dependence on laboratory equipment. Nucleic acid isothermal amplification technologies have been applied to develop simpler assays. In this study, a rapid detection method based on real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) targeting the extracellular metalloprotease (empV) gene of V. vulnificus has been established. The method finished the detection in 2–14 min at 39°C with good specificity. The limit of detection was 17 gene copies or 1 colony-forming unit (CFU) per reaction, or 1 CFU/10 g of spiked food with enrichment. In a clinical sample detection test, the results of real-time RPA were 100% consistent with bioassay and qPCR. Moreover, the method could resist the effect of food matrix and could tolerate crude templates. The real-time RPA method established in this study is rapid and simple and has the potential to be widely applied for V. vulnificus detection in food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, China
| | - Ge Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Song Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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21
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Yang X, Zhao P, Dong Y, Chen S, Shen H, Jiang G, Zhu H, Dong J, Gao S. An isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow strip combined method for rapid on-site detection of Vibrio vulnificus in raw seafood. Food Microbiol 2020; 98:103664. [PMID: 33875195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is an important foodborne pathogenic bacterium that mainly contaminates seafood. Rapid and accurate technologies that suitable for on-site detection are critical for effective control of its spreading. Conventional detection methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and qPCR-based approaches have application limitations in on-site scenarios. Application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology was a good step towards the on-site detection. In this study, a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-based detection method for V. vulnificus was developed combining with lateral flow strip (LFS) for visualized signal. The method targeted the conservative empV gene encoding the extracellular metalloproteinase, and finished detection in 35 min at a conveniently low temperature of 37 °C. It showed good specificity and an excellent sensitivity of 2 copies of the genome or 10-1 colony forming unit (CFU) per reaction, or 1 CFU/10 g in spiked food samples with enrichment. The method tolerated unpurified templates directly from sample boiling, which added the convenience of the overall procedure. Application of the RPA-LFS method for clinical samples showed accurate and consistent detection results compared to bioassay and quantitative PCR. This RPA-LFS combined method is well suited for on-site detection of V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Ge Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Song Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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22
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Sadsri V, Trakulsujaritchok T, Tangwattanachuleeporn M, Hoven VP, Na Nongkhai P. Simple Colorimetric Assay for Vibrio parahaemolyticus Detection Using Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:21437-21442. [PMID: 32905329 PMCID: PMC7469129 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Simple, rapid, and sensitive screening methods are the key to prevent and control the spread of foodborne diseases. In this study, a simple visual colorimetric assay using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed for the detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. First, the aptamer responding to V. parahaemolyticus was conjugated onto the surface of MNPs and used as a specific magnetic separator. In addition, the aptamer was also immobilized on the surface of AuNPs and used as a colorimetric detector. In the presence of V. parahaemolyticus, a sandwich structure of MNP-aptamer-bacteria-aptamer-AuNPs is formed through specific recognition of the aptamer and V. parahaemolyticus. The magnetic separation technique was then applied to generate a detection signal. Owing to the optical properties of AuNPs, a visual signal could be observed, resulting in an instrument-free colorimetric detection. Under optimal conditions, this assay shows a linear response toward V. parahaemolyticus concentration through the range of 10-106 cfu/mL, with a limit of detection of 2.4 cfu/mL. This method was also successfully applied for V. parahaemolyticus detection in spiked raw shrimp samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varunee Sadsri
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha
University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Thanida Trakulsujaritchok
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha
University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Marut Tangwattanachuleeporn
- Faculty
of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
- Sensor
Innovation Research Unit (SIRU), Burapha
University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Voravee P. Hoven
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Phayathai
Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of
Excellence in Materials and Biointerfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Na Nongkhai
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha
University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Burapha University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
- Sensor
Innovation Research Unit (SIRU), Burapha
University, Muang, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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23
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Van Bonn SM, Schraven SP, Schuldt T, Heimesaat MM, Mlynski R, Warnke PC. Chronic otitis media following infection by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae: A case report and review of the literature. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2020; 10:186-191. [PMID: 32796134 PMCID: PMC7592514 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a chronic mesotympanic otitis media with a smelly purulent secretion from both ears and recurrent otalgia over the last five years in a six-year-old girl after swimming in the German Baltic Sea. Besides Staphylococcus aureus a non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strain could be isolated from patient samples. An antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone was administered followed by atticotomy combined with tympanoplasty. We conclude that V. cholerae should not be overlooked as a differential diagnosis to otitis infections, especially when patients present with extra-intestinal infections after contact with brackish- or saltwater aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Van Bonn
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otto Körner Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Schraven
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otto Körner Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Schuldt
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otto Körner Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus M Heimesaat
- 3Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Mlynski
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Otto Körner Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philipp C Warnke
- 2Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medicical Center, Rostock, Germany
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24
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Batumbo Boloweti D, Giraudoux P, Deniel C, Garnier E, Mauny F, Kasereka CM, Kizungu R, Muyembe JJ, Bompangue D, Bornette G. Volcanic activity controls cholera outbreaks in the East African Rift. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008406. [PMID: 32776919 PMCID: PMC7441828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that Cholera (Vibrio cholerae) that appeared along Lake Kivu in the African Rift in the seventies, might be controlled by volcano-tectonic activity, which, by increasing surface water and groundwater salinity and temperature, may partly rule the water characteristics of Lake Kivu and promote V. cholerae proliferation. Volcanic activity (assessed weekly by the SO2 flux of Nyiragongo volcano plume over the 2007-2012 period) is highly positively correlated with the water conductivity, salinity and temperature of the Kivu lake. Over the 2007-2012 period, these three parameters were highly positively correlated with the temporal dynamics of cholera cases in the Katana health zone that border the lake. Meteorological variables (air temperature and rainfall), and the other water characteristics (namely pH and dissolved oxygen concentration in lake water) were unrelated to cholera dynamics over the same period. Over the 2016-2018 period, we sampled weekly lake water salinity and conductivity, and twice a month vibrio occurrence in lake water and fish. The abundance of V. cholerae in the lake was positively correlated with lake salinity, temperature, and the number of cholera cases in the population of the Katana health zone. V. cholerae abundance in fishes was positively correlated with V. cholerae abundance in lake water, suggesting that their consumption directly contaminate humans. The activity of the volcano, by controlling the physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Kivu, is therefore a major determinant of the presence of the bacillus in the lake. SO2 fluxes in the volcano plume can be used as a tool to predict epidemic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Giraudoux
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche
Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Catherine Deniel
- UMR CNRS 6524 Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, University of Blaise
Pascal-CNRS-IRD, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Garnier
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche
Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Frederic Mauny
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche
Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Roger Kizungu
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic
Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Jacques Muyembe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa,
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Didier Bompangue
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche
Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Gudrun Bornette
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, University of Bourgogne Franche
Comté, Besançon, France
- * E-mail:
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25
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Hirsch N, Kappe E, Gangl A, Schwartz K, Mayer-Scholl A, Hammerl JA, Strauch E. Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 Isolates Recovered from Domestic Ducks in Germany. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081104. [PMID: 32717968 PMCID: PMC7463538 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 bacteria are natural inhabitants of aquatic ecosystems and have been sporadically associated with human infections. They mostly lack the two major virulence factors of toxigenic V. cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 strains, which are the causative agent of cholera. Non-O1, non-O139 strains are found in water bodies, sediments, and in association with other aquatic organisms. Occurrence of these bacteria in fecal specimens of waterfowl were reported, and migratory birds likely contribute to the long-distance transfer of strains. We investigated four V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 isolates for phenotypic traits and by whole genome sequencing (WGS). The isolates were recovered from organs of domestic ducks with serious disease symptoms. WGS data revealed only a distant genetic relationship between all isolates. The isolates harbored a number of virulence factors found in most V. cholerae strains. Specific virulence factors of non-O1, non-O139 strains, such as the type III secretion system (TTSS) or cholix toxin, were observed. An interesting observation is that all isolates possess multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin toxins (MARTX) closely related to the MARTX of toxigenic El Tor O1 strains. Different primary sequences of the abundant OmpU proteins could indicate a significant role of this virulence factor. Phenotypic characteristics such as hemolysis and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were studied. Three isolates showed susceptibility to a number of tested antimicrobials, and one strain possessed AMR genes located in an integron. Knowledge of the environmental occurrence of V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 in Germany is limited. The source of the infection of the ducks is currently unknown. In the context of the ‘One Health’ concept, it is desirable to study the ecology of V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139, as it cannot be excluded that the isolates possess zoonotic potential and could cause infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Hirsch
- Tiergesundheitsdienst Bayern, Bavarian Animal Health Service, 85586 Poing, Germany; (N.H.); (E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Eva Kappe
- Tiergesundheitsdienst Bayern, Bavarian Animal Health Service, 85586 Poing, Germany; (N.H.); (E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Armin Gangl
- Tiergesundheitsdienst Bayern, Bavarian Animal Health Service, 85586 Poing, Germany; (N.H.); (E.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Keike Schwartz
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (A.M.-S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Anne Mayer-Scholl
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (A.M.-S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Jens Andre Hammerl
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (A.M.-S.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Eckhard Strauch
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (A.M.-S.); (J.A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Coates SJ, Norton SA. The effects of climate change on infectious diseases with cutaneous manifestations. Int J Womens Dermatol 2020; 7:8-16. [PMID: 32838014 PMCID: PMC7373693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthropogenic climate change affects the burden of infectious diseases via several interconnected mechanisms. In recent years, there has been greater awareness of the ways in which climate-sensitive infectious diseases pose a growing threat to global public health. Objective This study aimed to categorize and describe the effects of climate change on infectious diseases with skin manifestations. Methods A scoping review of the MEDLINE and PubMed online databases for climate-sensitive infections was performed in February and March 2020. A representative selection of conditions with skin manifestations was included in this review. Results Several representative climate-sensitive infectious diseases were identified in each of the following categories: vector-borne infectious diseases, infectious diseases associated with extreme weather events, and infectious diseases linked to human migration. Conclusion Climate variables directly influence the survival and reproduction of infectious microorganisms, their vectors, and their animal reservoirs. Due to sustained warmer temperatures at higher latitudes, climate change has expanded the geographic range of certain pathogenic microbes. More frequent climate change-related extreme weather events create circumstances where existing infectious microorganisms flourish and novel infections emerge. Climate instability is linked to increased human migration, which disrupts health care infrastructure as well as the habitats of microbes, vectors, and animal reservoirs and leads to widespread poverty and overcrowding. Dermatologists should understand that climate change will affect the burden and geographic distribution of infectious diseases, many of which have cutaneous signs and might be encountered in their regular practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Coates
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Scott A Norton
- Dermatology and Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C., United States
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27
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Vibrio vulnificus heavily depends on the temperature and salinity of the sea water. In the course of climate change an increase in cases of fatal sepsis caused by V. vulnificus at the German Baltic Sea coast could be detected. OBJECTIVE To generate awareness for a life-threatening infection with increasing incidence in Germany. MATERIAL AND METHODS This article presents an overview of the current state of the literature followed by an exemplary description of cases with V vulnificus sepsis caused by contact with water in the Baltic Sea, which were treated at the Medical University in Greifswald in summer 2018. RESULTS In the presence of risk factors, such as liver and kidney diseases, immunosuppression and male sex, there is a danger of severe sepsis if damaged skin comes into contact with contaminated sea water. A pronounced organ dysfunction can frequently be found on admission. In these cases the diagnosis must be made promptly and timely surgical cleansing and antibiotic treatment should be initiated (e.g. a combination of tetracyclines and third generation cephalosporins). CONCLUSION Sepsis due to V. vulnificus will probably increase over the coming years. Because there is a latency in some cases between infection and onset of sepsis, physicians beyond the coastal region must also be informed about this disease.
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28
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Song X, Zang J, Yu W, Shi X, Wu Y. Occurrence and Identification of Pathogenic Vibrio Contaminants in Common Seafood Available in a Chinese Traditional Market in Qingdao, Shandong Province. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1488. [PMID: 32695094 PMCID: PMC7338590 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the causative agents for foodborne diseases and subsequent development of preventive steps to control the outbreak and related economic loss is the basic goal and priority of a rational food safety program. The entero-pathogenic Vibrio spp., which are Gram negative bacteria inhabiting estuarine ecosystems, are the major cause of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated seafood or shellfish. To survey the Vibrio contamination in sea snails (Neptunea cumingi Crosse and Busycon canaliculatu), a total of 20 samples were collected from traditional market, at Qingdao city in Shandong province, China and analyzed for Vibrio species contamination. Presumptive-positive colonies grown on a specific Vibrio agar-based medium were picked and identified by the VITEKTM. Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulgaris were isolated and identified in 11, 8, and 2 seafood samples, respectively. Among the 8 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus. The V. parahaemolyticus isolates were further tested for the tdh, trh, and tlh virulence factors. All the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were tlh-positive, however, all of them were tdh-negative. Interestingly 2 V. parahaemolyticus isolates were positive for trh virulence factor. These results indicated that there is a high incidence of V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus in sea snails. Therefore, food safety regulations for fishery auction markets should be established to control these species in addition to other Vibrio pathogenic contaminants. Our study provides the first evidence for the prevalence of Vibrio spp. in sea snail samples from traditional market in the Qingdao province of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Song
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Weisen Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexiang Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongning Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit (2019RU014), China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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29
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Molecular Identification and Characterization of Vibrio Species and Mycobacterium Species in Wild and Cultured Marine Fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060863. [PMID: 32517374 PMCID: PMC7356242 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to numerous documented pathogens and infectious diseases of aquaculture, there is a lack of baseline data and information regarding pathogenic agents’ prevalence in wild marine fish populations. This study focused on two common fish pathogenic microorganisms, namely Mycobacterium species and Vibrio species, both of which are known to be major causes of fish loss, occasionally to the extent of being a limiting factor in fish production. Both microorganisms are known as zoonotic agents. In total, 210 wild marine indigenous and Lessepsian fish from four different species from the eastern Mediterranean Sea were sampled and tested for Vibrio species and Mycobacterium species during a two-year period (2016–2017). Using PCR with 16S rRNA primers, we detected different strain variations of Mycobacterium species and Vibrio species and, based on the sequencing results, the overall prevalence for Vibrio species in wild fish in 2016 was significantly higher compared to 2017. No significant difference was detected for Mycobacterium species prevalence in wild fish between 2016 and 2017. In addition, 72 gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) from an Israeli offshore marine farm were also examined during the two-year period (2017–2018). The results suggest that Mycobacterium species prevalence was significantly higher in 2018, while in 2017 there was no positive results for Mycobacterium species. In addition, there was no significant difference between both years in regard to the prevalence of Vibrio species for maricultured fish. These results highlight the necessity of continuous molecular monitoring in order to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms in both wild and cultured fish populations.
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30
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Di DYW, Shin H, Han D, Unno T, Hur HG. High genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from tidal water and mud of southern coast of South Korea. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5308828. [PMID: 30753635 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprinting technique was adapted to examine the genotypic richness and source differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 1749) isolated from tidal water and mud of southern coast of South Korea. The number of unique genotypes observed from June (163, 51.9%), September (307, 63.9%), December (205, 73.8%) and February (136, 74.7%), indicating a high degree of genetic diversity. Contrary, lower genetic diversity was detected in April (99, 46.8%), including predominant genotypes comprised >30 V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Jackknife analysis indicated that 65.1% tidal water isolates and 87.1% mud isolates were correctly assigned to their source groups. Sixty-nine isolates of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were clustered into two groups, separated by sampling month, source of isolation and serogroups. Serotypes O1, O4, O5, O10/O12 and O11 were the dominant serovariants, while serotypes O3/O13 were highly detected in April where there were no pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates. Most of the V. parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime and sulfamethoxazole. Interestingly, four V. parahaemolyticus isolates resistant to carbepenem did not contain the known carbapenemase-encoding gene, but possess an extended-spectrum β-lactamase blaTEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Y W Di
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, 61005 Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hansub Shin
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, 61005 Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dukki Han
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju-si, 690-756 Jeju, South Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju-si, 690-756 Jeju, South Korea
| | - Hor-Gil Hur
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, 61005 Gwangju, South Korea
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31
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Correia Peres Costa JC, Floriano B, Bascón Villegas IM, Rodríguez-Ruiz JP, Posada-Izquierdo GD, Zurera G, Pérez-Rodríguez F. Study of the microbiological quality, prevalence of foodborne pathogens and product shelf-life of Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) from aquaculture in estuarine ecosystems of Andalusia (Spain). Food Microbiol 2020; 90:103498. [PMID: 32336378 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at characterizing microbiologically Gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) produced in two estuarine ecosystems in Andalusia (Spain): the estuary of the river Guadalquivir (La Puebla del Río, Sevilla) (A), and the estuary of the river Guadiana (Ayamonte, Huelva) (B). The collected fish individuals and water were analysed for hygiene indicator microorganisms and pathogens. The statistical analysis of results revealed that microbial counts for the different microbiological parameters were not statistically different for fish type. On the contrary, considering anatomic part, viscera showed significantly higher concentrations for Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms and for Staphylococcus spp. coagulase +. Furthermore, location A showed in water and fish higher levels for lactic acid bacteria, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, total coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. coagulase +. Neither Listeria monocytogenes, nor Salmonella spp. were detected, though Vibrio parahaemolyticus was identified, molecularly, in estuarine water in location B. The predictive analysis demonstrated that the initial microbiological quality could have an impact on product shelf-life, being longer for location B, with better microbiological quality. Results stress the relevance of preventing the microbiological contamination of water in estuary production systems in order to assure the quality and safety of Gilthead sea bream and Sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Correia Peres Costa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Belén Floriano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel María Bascón Villegas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guiomar Denisse Posada-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Zurera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
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Hackbusch S, Wichels A, Gimenez L, Döpke H, Gerdts G. Potentially human pathogenic Vibrio spp. in a coastal transect: Occurrence and multiple virulence factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136113. [PMID: 31864001 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An increase in human Vibrio spp. infections has been linked to climate change related events, in particular to seawater warming and heatwaves. However, there is a distinct lack of research of pathogenic Vibrio spp. occurrences in the temperate North Sea, one of the fastest warming seas globally. Particularly in the German Bight, Vibrio investigations are still scarce. This study focuses on the spatio-temporal quantification and pathogenic characterization of V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae over the course of 14 months. Species-specific MPN-PCR (Most probable number - polymerase chain reaction) conducted on selectively enriched surface water samples revealed seasonal patterns of all three species with increased abundances during summer months. The extended period of warm seawater coincided with prolonged Vibrio spp. occurrences in the German Bight. Temperature and nitrite were the factors explaining variations in Vibrio spp. abundances after generalized additive mixed models. The specific detection of pathogenic markers via PCR revealed trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus, pathogenic V. vulnificus (nanA, manIIA, PRXII) and V. cholerae serotype O139 presence. Additionally, spatio-temporally varying virulence profiles of V. cholerae with multiple accessory virulence-associated genes, such as the El Tor variant hemolysin (hlyAET), acyltransferase of the repeats-in-toxin cluster (rtxC), Vibrio 7th pandemic island II (VSP-II), Type III Secretion System (TTSS) and the Cholix Toxin (chxA) were detected. Overall, this study highlights that environmental human pathogenic Vibrio spp. comprise a reservoir of virulence-associated genes in the German Bight, especially in estuarine regions. Due to their known vast genetic plasticity, we point to the possible emergence of highly pathogenic V. cholerae strains. Particularly, the presence of V. cholerae serotype O139 is unusual and needs urgent continuous surveillance. Given the predictions of further warming and more frequent heatwave events, human pathogenic Vibrio spp. should be seriously considered as a developing risk to human health in the German Bight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidika Hackbusch
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Antje Wichels
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Luis Gimenez
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, LL50 5AB Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
| | - Hilke Döpke
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
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Padovan A, Kennedy K, Rose D, Gibb K. Microbial quality of wild shellfish in a tropical estuary subject to treated effluent discharge. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108921. [PMID: 31757407 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elevated faecal indicator levels in beaches around Darwin Harbour including near effluent outfalls have led to concerns about the safety of popular, locally harvested aquatic foods. To address these concerns, the impact of treated effluent discharge on the microbial quality of aquatic foods was assessed using culture-based and molecular tools. Seawater, shellfish (mangrove snails Telescopium and Nerita balteata, the local black lip oyster Saccostrea cucullata) and mud crabs (Scylla serrata) were collected from 13 sites close (impacted) and distal (reference) to two effluent discharge locations, in creeks and coastal areas. Sampling occurred over two dry seasons and one wet season. E. coli, typical sewage related pathogens, Salmonella and norovirus, and the molecular faecal marker Bacteroides, as well as naturally occurring marine bacteria, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus were tested in biota. E. coli and faecal coliforms were measured in water in water. The highest concentration of faecal coliforms in water was from the Buffalo Creek discharge site. At sites located in creeks including reference creeks, the highest concentrations of faecal coliforms in water were measured in the wet season compared to the dry season, whereas in coastal sites, no or only few (<10) faecal coliforms were detected. E. coli concentrations in both snail species were significantly higher in the wet season compared to the dry season (P < 0.0001) at both the treated effluent discharge sites and reference sites with some samples exceeding the acceptable Australian and New Zealand Food Standards (ANZFS) level based on E. coli levels in bivalves. E. coli concentrations in all of the S. cucullata samples were either below the detection limit or below the ANZFS limit for E. coli. No E. coli exceedances occurred in cooked mud crabs although low E. coli levels were measured in 3 cooked mud crab samples. Only one shellfish sample (T. telescopium) was positive for Salmonella. Norovirus and Bacteroides were not detected in any of the shellfish samples tested. V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were significantly more prevalent in shellfish samples during the wet season. Twelve virulent strains of V. parahaemolyticus were detected in T. telescopium and two in N. balteata. There was no significant difference in V. parahaemolyticus prevalence between sites. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in cooked S. serrata samples from three sites in the wet season and once in the 2016 dry season. V. vulnificus was detected in both T. telescopium and N. balteata, but not in any of the S. cucullata samples. One cooked crab meat sample from a reference site was positive for V. vulnificus. The prevalence of V. vulnificus was significantly higher at the reference sites compared to the discharge or potential impact sites. The lack of correlation between E. coli and targeted faecal pathogens in biota confirm that traditional faecal markers are not suitable surrogates for faecal pollution, at least not in the tropics. The higher prevalence of E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in biota during the wet season compared to the dry season irrespective of treated sewage influence suggests that marine snails should not be harvested and consumed from creeks during the wet season. Any future aquaculture involving shellfish should consider these data when developing appropriate shellfish quality assurance protocols and for making decisions on where to situate farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Padovan
- Research Institute of the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0909, Australia.
| | - Karen Kennedy
- Power Water Corporation, Water Services, P.O. Box 37471, Winnellie, Northern Territory, 0821, Australia
| | - Dianne Rose
- Power Water Corporation, Water Services, P.O. Box 37471, Winnellie, Northern Territory, 0821, Australia
| | - Karen Gibb
- Research Institute of the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, 0909, Australia
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Lee SH, Lee HJ, Myung GE, Choi EJ, Kim IA, Jeong YI, Park GJ, Soh SM. Distribution of Pathogenic Vibrio Species in the Coastal Seawater of South Korea (2017-2018). Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019; 10:337-342. [PMID: 31897362 PMCID: PMC6927416 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.6.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Pathogenic Vibrio species are widely distributed in warm estuarine and coastal environments, and can infect humans through the consumption of raw or mishandled contaminated seafood and seawater. For this reason, the distribution of these bacteria in South Korea was investigated. Methods Seawater samples were collected from 145 coastal area points in the aquatic environment in which Vibrio species live. Environmental data (i.e., water temperature, salinity, turbidity, and atmospheric temperature) was collected which may help predict the distribution of the species (data not shown). Seawater samples were filtered, and incubated overnight in alkaline peptone water, at 37°C. Using species-specific polymerase chain reaction methods, screening tests were performed for the hlyA, ctxA, vvhA, and tlh genes. Clones of pathogenic Vibrio species were isolated using 3 selective plating media. Results In 2017, total seawater isolation rates for Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio cholerae (non-pathogenic, non-O1, non-O139 serogroups), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 15.82%, 13.18%, 65.80%, respectively. However, in 2018 isolation rates for each were 21.81%, 19.40%, and 70.05%, respectively. Conclusion The isolation rates of pathogenic Vibrio species positively correlated with the temperature of seawater and atmosphere, but negatively correlated with salinity and turbidity. From 2017 to 2018, the most frequent seawater-isolated Vibrio species were V. parahaemolyticus (68.10 %), V. vulnificus (16.54%), and non-toxigenic V. cholerae (19.58%). Comprehensive monitoring, prevention, and control efforts are needed to protect the public from pathogenic Vibrio species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hun Lee
- Yeosu National Quarantine Station, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Hee Jung Lee
- Yeosu National Quarantine Station, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Go Eun Myung
- Yeosu National Quarantine Station, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Choi
- Yeosu National Quarantine Station, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Yeosu, Korea
| | - In A Kim
- Yeosu National Quarantine Station, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Yeosu, Korea
| | - Young Il Jeong
- Division of Viral Disease Research, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
| | - Gi Jun Park
- Division of Quarantine Support, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, Korea
| | - Sang Moon Soh
- Yeosu National Quarantine Station, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Yeosu, Korea
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Park YS, Kim SK, Kim SY, Kim KM, Ryu CM. The transcriptome analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana in response to the Vibrio vulnificus by RNA-sequencing. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225976. [PMID: 31841567 PMCID: PMC6913959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the recent increase in the demand for fresh produce, contamination of raw food products has become an issue. Foodborne diseases are frequently caused by the infection of leguminous plants by human bacterial pathogens. Moreover, contamination by Vibrio cholerae, closely related with Vibrio vulnificus, has been reported in plants and vegetables. Here, we investigated the possibility of Vibrio vulnificus 96-11-17M, an opportunistic human pathogen, to infect and colonize Arabidopsis thaliana plants, resulting in typical disease symptoms at 5 and 7 days post-inoculation in vitro and in planta under artificial and favorable conditions, respectively. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 5,360, 4,204, 4,916 and 3,741 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post-inoculation, respectively, compared with the 0 h time point. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that these DEGs act in pathways responsive to chemical and hormone stimuli and plant defense. The expression of genes involved in salicylic acid (SA)-, jasmonic acid (JA)- and ethylene (ET)-dependent pathways was altered following V. vulnificus inoculation. Genetic analyses of Arabidopsis mutant lines verified that common pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptors perceive the V. vulnificus infection, thus activating JA and ET signaling pathways. Our data indicate that the human bacterial pathogen V. vulnificus 96-11-17M modulates defense-related genes and host defense machinery in Arabidopsis thaliana under favorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soon Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mo Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- Microbial Resource Center, KRIBB, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
- * E-mail: ,
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36
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Jia B, Li X, Liu W, Lu C, Lu X, Ma L, Li YY, Wei C. GLAPD: Whole Genome Based LAMP Primer Design for a Set of Target Genomes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2860. [PMID: 31921040 PMCID: PMC6923652 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology has been applied in a wide range of fields such as detection of foodborne bacteria and clinical pathogens due to its simplicity and efficiency. However, existing LAMP primer designing systems require a conserved gene or a short genome region as input, and they can’t design group-specific primers. With the growing number of whole genomes available, it is possible to design better primers to target a set of genomes with high specificity based on whole genomes. We present here a whole Genome based LAMP primer designer (GLAPD), a new system to design LAMP primer for a set of target genomes using whole genomes. Candidate single primer regions are identified genome wide and then combined into LAMP primer sets. For a given set of target genomes, only primer sets amplifying them and only these genomes will be output. In order to accelerate the primer designing, a GPU version is provided as well. The effectiveness of primers designed by GLAPD has been assessed for a wide range of foodborne bacteria. GLAPD can be accessed at http://cgm.sjtu.edu.cn/GLAPD/ or https://github.com/jiqingxiaoxi/GLAPD.git. A simple online version is also supplied to help users to learn and test GLAPD: http://cgm.sjtu.edu.cn/GLAPD/online/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jia
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Changde Lu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Lu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangxiao Ma
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaochun Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai, China
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Bonadonna L, Briancesco R, Suffredini E, Coccia A, Della Libera S, Carducci A, Verani M, Federigi I, Iaconelli M, Bonanno Ferraro G, Mancini P, Veneri C, Ferretti E, Lucentini L, Gramaccioni L, La Rosa G. Enteric viruses, somatic coliphages and Vibrio species in marine bathing and non-bathing waters in Italy. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110570. [PMID: 31542593 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial safety of recreational waters is a significant public health issue. In this study we assessed the occurrence and quantity of enteric viruses in bathing and non-bathing waters in Italy, in parallel with microbial faecal indicators, somatic coliphages and Vibrio spp. Enteric viruses (aichivirus, norovirus and enterovirus) were detected in 55% of bathing water samples, including samples with bacterial indicator concentrations compliant with the European bathing water Directive. Aichivirus was the most frequent and abundant virus. Adenovirus was detected only in non-bathing waters. Somatic coliphages were identified in 50% bathing water samples, 80% of which showed simultaneous presence of viruses. Vibrio species were ubiquitous, with 9 species identified, including potential pathogens (V. cholerae, V. parahaemoylticus and V. vulnificus). This is the first study showing the occurrence and high concentration of Aichivirus in bathing waters and provides original information, useful in view of a future revision of the European Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bonadonna
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - R Briancesco
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - E Suffredini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A Coccia
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - S Della Libera
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A Carducci
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Verani
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Federigi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G Bonanno Ferraro
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P Mancini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - C Veneri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - E Ferretti
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - L Lucentini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - L Gramaccioni
- Ministry of Health, Directorate General for Prevention, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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D'Souza C, Kumar BK, Rai P, Deekshit VK, Karunasagar I. Application of gyrB targeted SYBR green based qPCR assay for the specific and rapid detection of Vibrio vulnificus in seafood. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 166:105747. [PMID: 31639359 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A SYBR green based qPCR assay targeting a unique region of gyrB was developed for the detection of Vibrio vulnificus. The specificity of the assay was studied using V. vulnificus and other bacterial strains belonging to Vibrio and non-Vibrio species. The assay unambiguously distinguished V.vulnificus with a sensitivity of 101 CFU/mL in pure culture while 102CFU/g was detected in clam meat homogenate with an efficiency of ≥98%.The utility of the qPCR assay was validated with naturally incurred seafood samples, where 24 out of 59(40.67%) seafood samples tested positive for V. vulnificus after 6-8 h enrichment in APW-P broth. In contrast, conventional PCR could detect only 11 samples (18.64%). Our results showed that qPCR assay developed in this study could be used as a rapid method for screening seafood samples for the presence of V. vulnificus, as the assay can be completed within 9-12 h including the enrichment of seafood in APW-P broth. The gyrB targeted qPCR developed in this study can provide excellent results on the presence and load of V. vulnificus in naturally contaminated samples quickly and efficiently; thus it could find application as a routine test in the seafood industry for the analysis V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D'Souza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ballamoole Krishna Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Praveen Rai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Deekshit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
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Weiskerger CJ, Brandão J, Ahmed W, Aslan A, Avolio L, Badgley BD, Boehm AB, Edge TA, Fleisher JM, Heaney CD, Jordao L, Kinzelman JL, Klaus JS, Kleinheinz GT, Meriläinen P, Nshimyimana JP, Phanikumar MS, Piggot AM, Pitkänen T, Robinson C, Sadowsky MJ, Staley C, Staley ZR, Symonds EM, Vogel LJ, Yamahara KM, Whitman RL, Solo-Gabriele HM, Harwood VJ. Impacts of a changing earth on microbial dynamics and human health risks in the continuum between beach water and sand. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 162:456-470. [PMID: 31301475 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although infectious disease risk from recreational exposure to waterborne pathogens has been an active area of research for decades, beach sand is a relatively unexplored habitat for the persistence of pathogens and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). Beach sand, biofilms, and water all present unique advantages and challenges to pathogen introduction, growth, and persistence. These dynamics are further complicated by continuous exchange between sand and water habitats. Models of FIB and pathogen fate and transport at beaches can help predict the risk of infectious disease from beach use, but knowledge gaps with respect to decay and growth rates of pathogens in beach habitats impede robust modeling. Climatic variability adds further complexity to predictive modeling because extreme weather events, warming water, and sea level change may increase human exposure to waterborne pathogens and alter relationships between FIB and pathogens. In addition, population growth and urbanization will exacerbate contamination events and increase the potential for human exposure. The cumulative effects of anthropogenic changes will alter microbial population dynamics in beach habitats and the assumptions and relationships used in quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) and process-based models. Here, we review our current understanding of microbial populations and transport dynamics across the sand-water continuum at beaches, how these dynamics can be modeled, and how global change factors (e.g., climate and land use) should be integrated into more accurate beachscape-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Weiskerger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - João Brandão
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) - Department of Animal Biology, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Warish Ahmed
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and Water, Ecosciences Precinct, 41 Boogo Road, Dutton Park, Old, 4102, Australia
| | - Asli Aslan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Lindsay Avolio
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian D Badgley
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alexandria B Boehm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Edge
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jay M Fleisher
- College of Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luisa Jordao
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - James S Klaus
- Department of Marine Geosciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Päivi Meriläinen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Mantha S Phanikumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alan M Piggot
- Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tarja Pitkänen
- Department of Health Security, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Clare Robinson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute and Departments of Soil, Water, & Climate, and Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Erin M Symonds
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Laura J Vogel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevan M Yamahara
- Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Whitman
- Great Lakes Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Chesterton, IN, USA
| | - Helena M Solo-Gabriele
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Valerie J Harwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Zinsstag J, Crump L, Schelling E, Hattendorf J, Maidane YO, Ali KO, Muhummed A, Umer AA, Aliyi F, Nooh F, Abdikadir MI, Ali SM, Hartinger S, Mäusezahl D, de White MBG, Cordon-Rosales C, Castillo DA, McCracken J, Abakar F, Cercamondi C, Emmenegger S, Maier E, Karanja S, Bolon I, de Castañeda RR, Bonfoh B, Tschopp R, Probst-Hensch N, Cissé G. Climate change and One Health. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:4961133. [PMID: 29790983 PMCID: PMC5963300 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The journal The Lancet recently published a countdown on health and climate change. Attention was focused solely on humans. However, animals, including wildlife, livestock and pets, may also be impacted by climate change. Complementary to the high relevance of awareness rising for protecting humans against climate change, here we present a One Health approach, which aims at the simultaneous protection of humans, animals and the environment from climate change impacts (climate change adaptation). We postulate that integrated approaches save human and animal lives and reduce costs when compared to public and animal health sectors working separately. A One Health approach to climate change adaptation may significantly contribute to food security with emphasis on animal source foods, extensive livestock systems, particularly ruminant livestock, environmental sanitation, and steps towards regional and global integrated syndromic surveillance and response systems. The cost of outbreaks of emerging vector-borne zoonotic pathogens may be much lower if they are detected early in the vector or in livestock rather than later in humans. Therefore, integrated community-based surveillance of zoonoses is a promising avenue to reduce health effects of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Zinsstag
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Crump
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Esther Schelling
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hattendorf
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yahya Osman Maidane
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Jigjiga, Jigjiga University One Health Initiative, PO Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Kadra Osman Ali
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Jigjiga, Jigjiga University One Health Initiative, PO Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Abdifatah Muhummed
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Jigjiga, Jigjiga University One Health Initiative, PO Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Abdurezak Adem Umer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Jigjiga, Jigjiga University One Health Initiative, PO Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Ferzua Aliyi
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Jigjiga, Jigjiga University One Health Initiative, PO Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Faisal Nooh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Jigjiga, Jigjiga University One Health Initiative, PO Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Ibrahim Abdikadir
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Jigjiga, Jigjiga University One Health Initiative, PO Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Mohammed Ali
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Jigjiga, Jigjiga University One Health Initiative, PO Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Stella Hartinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.,Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Public Health School, Lima, Peru, 15102
| | - Daniel Mäusezahl
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica Berger Gonzalez de White
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.,Universidad del Valle, Guatemala City, Guatemala, 01015
| | | | | | | | - Fayiz Abakar
- Institut de Recherches en Elevage pour le Développement, BP 433, N'Djaména, Chad
| | - Colin Cercamondi
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Emmenegger
- University of Applied Sciences, Institute for Information and Process Management, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Edith Maier
- University of Applied Sciences, Institute for Information and Process Management, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Simon Karanja
- Jomo Kenyatta University, School of Public Health, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isabelle Bolon
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Rea Tschopp
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.,Armauer Hansen Research Institute, PO Box 1005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guéladio Cissé
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, PO Box, 4002 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
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Tatebe M, Doi A, Nasu S, Hama N, Nomoto R, Arakawa E, Izumiya H, Nishioka H. Vibrio cholerae Infection in Japan Not Associated with Overseas Travel. Intern Med 2019; 58:2581-2583. [PMID: 31178496 PMCID: PMC6761338 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2639-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 74-year-old Japanese man who was taking antacids presented with profuse diarrhea. Stool culture revealed Vibrio cholerae O1 strain, serogroup Ogawa, biotype El tor. He recalled he had consumed some sashimi but denied any history of travelling abroad, and another cholera case with almost the same strain was reported at the same time in a remote prefecture in the Kanto area. This is a rare case of travel-unrelated cholera in Japan, and it illustrates the importance of suspecting cholera in all patients presenting with large volumes of watery diarrhea in Japan, especially in those who are taking antacids, regardless of their international travel history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Tatebe
- Department of Emergency, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan
| | - Asako Doi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan
| | - Seiko Nasu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan
| | | | | | - Eiji Arakawa
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Nishioka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan
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Li Z, Liu L, Rao Y, Ran L, Wu T, Nie R, Anna DS, Li Y, Che Z. Mechanical and antibacterial properties of oriented poly(lactic acid). POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiu Li
- School of Material Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Food Science and BioengineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Yu Rao
- School of Food Science and BioengineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Longchang Ran
- School of Material Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Material Science and EngineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Rong Nie
- School of Food Science and BioengineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - De Schutter Anna
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Yalin Li
- School of Food Science and BioengineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
| | - Zhenming Che
- School of Food Science and BioengineeringXihua University Chengdu 610039 China
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Kesy K, Oberbeckmann S, Kreikemeyer B, Labrenz M. Spatial Environmental Heterogeneity Determines Young Biofilm Assemblages on Microplastics in Baltic Sea Mesocosms. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1665. [PMID: 31447791 PMCID: PMC6696623 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics in aquatic environments provide novel habitats for surface-colonizing microorganisms. Given the continuing debate on whether substrate-specific properties or environmental factors prevail in shaping biofilm assemblages on microplastics, we examined the influence of substrate vs. spatial factors in the development of bacterial assemblages on polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), wood, and seston and in the free-living fraction. Further, the selective colonization of microplastics by potential pathogens was investigated because among the bacterial species found in microplastic-associated biofilms are potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. Due to their persistence and great dispersal potential, microplastics could act as vectors for these potential pathogens and for biofilm assemblages in general. Incubation experiments with these substrates were conducted for 7 days during a summer cruise along the eastern Baltic Sea coastline in waters covering a salinity gradient of 4.5-9 PSU. Bacterial assemblages were analyzed using 16S rRNA-gene amplicon sequencing, distance-based redundancy analyses, and the linear discriminant analysis effect size method to identify taxa that were significantly more abundant on the plastics. The results showed that the sample type was the most important factor structuring bacterial assemblages overall. Surface properties were less significant in differentiating attached biofilms on PE, PS, and wood; instead, environmental factors, mainly salinity, prevailed. A potential role for inorganic-nutrient limitations in surface-specific attachment was identified as well. Alphaproteobacteria (Sphingomonadaceae, Devosiaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae) and Gammaproteobacteria (Alteromonadaceae and Pseudomonas) were distinctive for the PE- and PS-associated biofilms. Vibrio was more abundant on the PE and PS biofilms than on seston, but its abundances were highest on wood and positively correlated with salinity. These results corroborate earlier findings that microplastics constitute a habitat for biofilm-forming microorganisms distinct from seston, but less from wood. In contrast to earlier reports of low Vibrio numbers on microplastics, these results also suggest that vibrios are early colonizers of surfaces in general. Spatial as well as temporal dynamics should therefore be considered when assessing the potential of microplastics to serve as vectors for bacterial assemblages and putative pathogens, as these parameters are major drivers of biofilm diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kesy
- Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
| | - Sonja Oberbeckmann
- Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Labrenz
- Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Rostock, Germany
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Li Y, Zhang S, Li J, Chen M, He M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Jing H, Ma H, Li Y, Zhao L, Zhao H, Kan B, Pang B. Application of digital PCR and next generation sequencing in the etiology investigation of a foodborne disease outbreak caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103233. [PMID: 31421792 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, V. parahaemolyticus infection is a leading cause of bacterial diarrheal diseases. Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains that produce hemolysins are responsible for these diseases. The composition of pathogenic and non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus and the change of the bacterial composition before and after traditional selective enrichment in a single sample associated with disease outbreak remain unclear. We investigated an outbreak by using next generation sequencing and digital PCR to address those questions. NGS showed that the V. parahaemolyticus caused the outbreak belonged to s single clone. In contrast, among the seven non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolated from the suspected food sample, 4 serotypes and 6 PFGE patterns were identified. And nearly 70,000 SNPs were identified among the non-pathogenic strains. This result confirmed that the outbreak was caused by V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, NGS results clearly showed the diversity of non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in a single contaminated food sample. The ratios of non-pathogenic and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were 31.41 and 620.11 in the original and enriched food samples respectively showed by digital PCR. Meta-genomic data indicated the top 3 species were Weissella cibaria, Weissella confusa, and Enterobacter cloacae in the original food sample, and Vibrio sp Ex25, Vibrio sp 712i, and V. parahaemolyticus in the enriched sample. Therefore, the combing of NGS and digital PCR results showed that traditional Vibrio selective enrichment media could facilitate the growth of Vibrios, however, it provided no advantages to pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Hence, our results indicated that the traditional culture methods alone may lead to wrong conclusions and so improvements in culture methods are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Research Center for Preventive Medicine of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Beijing Xicheng District Chunshu Community Healthcare Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mu He
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Zhang
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Jing
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yindong Li
- Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongqun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, No. SZSM201811071, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China; Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen, No. SZSM201811071, Beijing, China.
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Malaiyan J, Balakrishnan A, Nasimuddin S, Mohan K, Meenakshi-Sundaram P, Mamandur-Devarajan S, Gnanadesikan S, Kandasamy M, Jayakumar N, Elumalai D, Ra GG. Novel gas producing Vibrio cholerae: a case report of gastroenteritis with acute kidney injury. Access Microbiol 2019; 1:e000005. [PMID: 32974506 PMCID: PMC7470351 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacterial characterization is important in clinical and epidemiological studies. We herein report the first case of gas-producing Vibrio cholera gastroenteritis with acute kidney injury. Case presentation A 30-year-old female presented to the emergency department with complaints of about ten episodes of watery diarrhea, four episodes of vomiting and elevated serum urea/creatinine levels. Although the bacteria were first misidentified as Vibrio furnissii by gas production on carbohydrate fermentation and triple sugar iron agar, it was later confirmed as Vibrio cholerae by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and specific PCR. The treatment regimen was followed as for Vibrio species with intravenous fluids, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline. The patient recovered without relapse. Conclusions Literature survey from the PubMed database shows no gas-producing Vibrio cholerae isolate being reported in the world. Further, genotype studies are warranted to look into the gas production of Vibrio cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan Malaiyan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chikkarayapuram, Chennai 600 069, India
| | - Anandan Balakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani campus, Chennai 600113, India
| | - Sowmya Nasimuddin
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chikkarayapuram, Chennai 600 069, India
| | - Kamalraj Mohan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chikkarayapuram, Chennai 600 069, India
| | - PradeepRaj Meenakshi-Sundaram
- Department of General Medicine, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chikkarayapuram, Chennai 600 069, India
| | - Selvam Mamandur-Devarajan
- Department of General Medicine, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chikkarayapuram, Chennai 600 069, India
| | - Sumathi Gnanadesikan
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chikkarayapuram, Chennai 600 069, India
| | - Mohanakrishnan Kandasamy
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chikkarayapuram, Chennai 600 069, India
| | - Nithyalakshmi Jayakumar
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chikkarayapuram, Chennai 600 069, India
| | - Dhevahi Elumalai
- Department of Microbiology, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chikkarayapuram, Chennai 600 069, India
| | - Gokul G Ra
- Department of General Medicine, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chikkarayapuram, Chennai 600 069, India
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Schwartz K, Hammerl JA, Göllner C, Strauch E. Environmental and Clinical Strains of Vibrio cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 From Germany Possess Similar Virulence Gene Profiles. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:733. [PMID: 31031724 PMCID: PMC6474259 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of aquatic ecosystems globally. Strains of the serogroups O1 and O139 cause the epidemic diarrheal disease cholera. In Northern European waters, V. cholerae bacteria belonging to other serogroups (designated non-O1, non-O139) are present, of which some strains have been associated with gastrointestinal infections or extraintestinal infections, like wound infections or otitis. For this study, environmental strains from the German coastal waters of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea were selected (100 strains) and compared to clinical strains (10 isolates) that were from patients who contracted the infections in the same geographical region. The strains were characterized by MLST and examined by PCR for the presence of virulence genes encoding the cholera toxin, the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP), and other virulence-associated accessory factors. The latter group comprised hemolysins, RTX toxins, cholix toxin, pandemic islands, and type III secretion system (TTSS). Phenotypic assays for hemolytic activity against human and sheep erythrocytes were also performed. The results of the MLST analysis revealed a considerable heterogeneity of sequence types (in total 74 STs). The presence of virulence genes was also variable and 30 profiles were obtained by PCR. One profile was found in 38 environmental strains and six clinical strains. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 15 environmental and 7 clinical strains that were ST locus variants in one, two, or three alleles. Comparison of WGS results revealed that a set of virulence genes found in some clinical strains is also present in most environmental strains irrespective of the ST. In few strains, more virulence factors are acquired through horizontal gene transfer (i.e., TTSS, genomic islands). A distinction between clinical and environmental strains based on virulence gene profiles is not possible for our strains. Probably, many virulence traits of V. cholerae evolved in response to biotic and abiotic pressure and serve adaptation purposes in the natural aquatic environment, but provide a prerequisite for infection of susceptible human hosts. These findings indicate the need for surveillance of Vibrio spp. in Germany, as due to global warming abundance of Vibrio will rise and infections are predicted to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keike Schwartz
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Andre Hammerl
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Göllner
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckhard Strauch
- Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Li X, Zhou Y, Jiang Q, Yang H, Pi D, Liu X, Gao X, Chen N, Zhang X. Virulence properties of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from diseased zoea of freshness shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Microb Pathog 2019; 127:166-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Dar Y, Salomon D, Bosis E. The Antibacterial and Anti-Eukaryotic Type VI Secretion System MIX-Effector Repertoire in Vibrionaceae. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110433. [PMID: 30400344 PMCID: PMC6267618 DOI: 10.3390/md16110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrionaceae is a widespread family of aquatic bacteria that includes emerging pathogens and symbionts. Many Vibrionaceae harbor a type VI secretion system (T6SS), which is a secretion apparatus used to deliver toxins, termed effectors, into neighboring cells. T6SSs mediate both antibacterial and anti-eukaryotic activities. Notably, antibacterial effectors are encoded together with a gene that encodes a cognate immunity protein so as to antagonize the toxicity of the effector. The MIX (Marker for type sIX effectors) domain has been previously defined as a marker of T6SS effectors carrying polymorphic C-terminal toxins. Here, we set out to identify the Vibrionaceae MIX-effector repertoire and to analyze the various toxin domains they carry. We used a computational approach to search for the MIX-effectors in the Vibrionaceae genomes, and grouped them into clusters based on the C-terminal toxin domains. We classified MIX-effectors as either antibacterial or anti-eukaryotic, based on the presence or absence of adjacent putative immunity genes, respectively. Antibacterial MIX-effectors carrying pore-forming, phospholipase, nuclease, peptidoglycan hydrolase, and protease activities were found. Furthermore, we uncovered novel virulence MIX-effectors. These are encoded by “professional MIXologist” strains that employ a cocktail of antibacterial and anti-eukaryotic MIX-effectors. Our findings suggest that certain Vibrionaceae adapted their antibacterial T6SS to mediate interactions with eukaryotic hosts or predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Dar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Dor Salomon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Eran Bosis
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College of Engineering, Karmiel 2161002, Israel.
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