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Zhao F, Wang J, Zhang Y, Hu J, Li C, Liu S, Li R, Du R. In vivo Fate of Targeted Drug Delivery Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:6895-6929. [PMID: 39005963 PMCID: PMC11246094 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s465959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to systematically investigate the intracellular and subcellular fate of various types of targeting carriers. Upon entering the body via intravenous injection or other routes, a targeting carrier that can deliver therapeutic agents initiates their journey. If administered intravenously, the carrier initially faces challenges presented by the blood circulation before reaching specific tissues and interacting with cells within the tissue. At the subcellular level, the car2rier undergoes processes, such as drug release, degradation, and metabolism, through specific pathways. While studies on the fate of 13 types of carriers have been relatively conclusive, these studies are incomplete and lack a comprehensive analysis. Furthermore, there are still carriers whose fate remains unclear, underscoring the need for continuous research. This study highlights the importance of comprehending the in vivo and intracellular fate of targeting carriers and provides valuable insights into the operational mechanisms of different carriers within the body. By doing so, researchers can effectively select appropriate carriers and enhance the successful clinical translation of new formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jitong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinru Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of Beijing, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruofei Du
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Kumar M, Gupta S, Kalia K, Kumar D. Role of Phytoconstituents in Cancer Treatment: A Review. RECENT ADVANCES IN FOOD, NUTRITION & AGRICULTURE 2024; 15:115-137. [PMID: 38369892 DOI: 10.2174/012772574x274566231220051254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, natural compounds have become a significant advancement in cancer treatment, primarily due to their effectiveness, safety, bio-functionality, and wide range of molecular structures. They are now increasingly preferred in drug discovery due to these attributes. These compounds, whether occurring naturally or with synthetic modifications, find applications in various fields like biology, medicine, and engineering. While chemotherapy has been a successful method for treating cancer, it comes with systemic toxicity. To address this issue, researchers and medical practitioners are exploring the concept of combinational chemotherapy. This approach aims to reduce toxicity by using a mix of natural substances and their derivatives in clinical trials and prescription medications. Among the most extensively studied natural anticancer compounds are quercetin, curcumin, vincristine, and vinblastine. These compounds play crucial roles as immunotherapeutics and chemosensitizers, both as standalone treatments and in combination therapies with specific mechanisms. This review article provides a concise overview of the functions, potentials, and combinations of natural anticancer compounds in cancer treatment, along with their mechanisms of action and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, IEC College of Eng & Tech. Gautam Buddha Nagar, India
| | | | | | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, IEC College of Eng & Tech. Gautam Buddha Nagar, India
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3
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Liu J, Li L, Zhang R, Xu ZP. The adjacent effect between Gd(III) and Cu(II) in layered double hydroxide nanoparticles synergistically enhances T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging contrast. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:279-290. [PMID: 36606452 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00478j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one key technology in modern diagnostic medicine. However, the development of high-relaxivity contrast agents with favorable properties for imaging applications remains a challenging task. In this work, dual Gd(III) and Cu(II) doped-layered double hydroxide (GdCu-LDH) nanoparticles show significantly higher longitudinal relaxivity compared with sole-metal-based LDH (Gd-LDH and Cu-LDH) nanoparticles. This relaxation enhancement in GdCu-LDH is also much greater than the simple addition of the relaxivity rate of the two paramagnetic ions in Gd-LDH and Cu-LDH, presumably attributed to synergistic T1 shortening between adjacent Gd(III) and Cu(II) in the LDH host layers (adjacent effect). Moreover, our GdCu-LDH nanoparticles exhibit a pH-ultrasensitive property in MRI performance and show much clearer MR imaging for tumor tissues in mice than Gd-LDH and Cu-LDH at the equivalent doses. Thus, these novel Gd/Cu-co-doped LDH nanoparticles provide higher potential for accurate cancer diagnosis in clinic application. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that two paramagnetic metal ions in one nanoparticle synergistically improve the T1-MRI contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering and Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, P. R. China, 518107
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4
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Recent progress in two-dimensional nanomaterials for cancer theranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Hu T, Gu Z, Williams GR, Strimaite M, Zha J, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Tan C, Liang R. Layered double hydroxide-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6126-6176. [PMID: 35792076 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of increased public health awareness, inorganic nanomaterials have been widely explored as promising nanoagents for various kinds of biomedical applications. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), with versatile physicochemical advantages including excellent biocompatibility, pH-sensitive biodegradability, highly tunable chemical composition and structure, and ease of composite formation with other materials, have shown great promise in biomedical applications. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the recent advances in LDH-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Firstly, the material categories and advantages of LDH-based nanomaterials are discussed. The preparation and surface modification of LDH-based nanomaterials, including pristine LDHs, LDH-based nanocomposites and LDH-derived nanomaterials, are then described. Thereafter, we systematically describe the great potential of LDHs in biomedical applications including drug/gene delivery, bioimaging diagnosis, cancer therapy, biosensing, tissue engineering, and anti-bacteria. Finally, on the basis of the current state of the art, we conclude with insights on the remaining challenges and future prospects in this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine (ACN), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Margarita Strimaite
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jiajia Zha
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Zhan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.,School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Chaoliang Tan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong. .,Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Ruizheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China.
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6
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Kankala RK. Nanoarchitectured two-dimensional layered double hydroxides-based nanocomposites for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114270. [PMID: 35421521 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the exceptional physicochemical and morphological characteristics, the pristine layered double hydroxides (LDHs), or two-dimensional (2D) hydrotalcite clays, often suffer from various shortcomings in biomedicine, such as deprived thermal and chemical stabilities, acid-prone degradation, as well as lack of targeting ability, hampering their scale-up and subsequent clinical translation. Accordingly, diverse nanocomposites of LDHs have been fabricated by surface coating of organic species, impregnation of inorganic species, and generation of core-shell architectures, resulting in the complex state-of-the-art architectures. In this article, we initially emphasize various bothering limitations and the chemistry of these pristine LDHs, followed by discussions on the engineering strategies of different LDHs-based nanocomposites. Further, we give a detailed note on diverse LDH nanocomposites and their performance efficacy in various biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, tissue engineering and cell patterning, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction, as well as photoluminescence, highlighting the influence of various properties of installed supramolecular assemblies on their performance efficacy. In summary, we conclude with interesting perspectives concerning the lessons learned to date and the strategies to be followed to further advance their scale-up processing and applicability in medicine.
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7
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Two-dimensional nanomaterials for tumor microenvironment modulation and anticancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114360. [PMID: 35636568 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for cancer therapy has attracted increasing attention due to their high specific surface area, unique ultrathin structure, electronic and photonic properties. For biomedical applications, investigations into the family of 2D materials have been sparked by graphene and its derivatives. Many 2D nanomaterials, including layered double hydroxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, nitrides and carbonitrides, black phosphorus nanosheets, and metal-organic framework nanosheets, are extensively explored as cancer theranostic platforms. In addition to the high drug loading, 2D nanomaterials are featured with improved physiological properties of drugs, prolonged blood circulation, and increased tumor accumulation and bioavailability. As a consequence, 2D nanomaterials have been widely examined in pre-clinical tumor therapy, particularly through the tumor microenvironment (TME) modulation. This review summarizes recent progresses in developing 2D nanomaterials for TME modulating-based cancer diagnosis and therapy. It is anticipated that this review will benefit researchers to obtain a deeper understanding of interactions between 2D nanomaterials and TME components and develop rational and reliable 2D nanomedicines for pre/clinical cancer theranostics.
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Ram Kumar Pandian S, Kunjiappan S, Pavadai P, Sundarapandian V, Chandramohan V, Sundar K. Delivery of Ursolic Acid by Polyhydroxybutyrate Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: in silico and in vitro Studies. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2022; 72:72-81. [PMID: 34666392 DOI: 10.1055/a-1640-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a phytochemical, is a potent inhibitory agent against proliferation of various tumors. Polyhydroxybutyrate nanoparticles (PHB NPs) are preferred in therapeutics due to their drug-stabilizing property and enhanced biological activity. In this study, PHB NPs were utilized to deliver and enhance the bioavailability of UA against cancer cells (HeLa). Further, molecular docking and dynamic studies were conducted to calculate the binding affinity and stability of UA at the active site of target protein (epidermal growth factor receptor-EGFR). The PHB NPs revealed the average size as 150-200 nm in TEM, which were used in subsequent experiments. The cytoplasmic uptake of nanoparticles was confirmed by florescent microscopy. The encapsulation potential of PHB NPs with UA was assessed by UV-visible spectrophotometer as 54%. Besides, the drug release behavior, cytotoxicity and the regulation of apoptosis were investigated in vitro. The cytotoxicity results revealed that the maximum efficiency of drug delivery was at 96th hour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Velmurugan Sundarapandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnan Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamilnadu, India
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9
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Journey to the Market: The Evolution of Biodegradable Drug Delivery Systems. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been used as carriers in drug delivery systems for more than four decades. Early work used crude natural materials for particle fabrication, whereas more recent work has utilized synthetic polymers. Applications include the macroscale, the microscale, and the nanoscale. Since pioneering work in the 1960’s, an array of products that use biodegradable polymers to encapsulate the desired drug payload have been approved for human use by international regulatory agencies. The commercial success of these products has led to further research in the field aimed at bringing forward new formulation types for improved delivery of various small molecule and biologic drugs. Here, we review recent advances in the development of these materials and we provide insight on their drug delivery application. We also address payload encapsulation and drug release mechanisms from biodegradable formulations and their application in approved therapeutic products.
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10
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Izbudak B, Cecen B, Anaya I, Miri AK, Bal-Ozturk A, Karaoz E. Layered double hydroxide-based nanocomposite scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:30237-30252. [PMID: 35480250 PMCID: PMC9041101 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03978d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), when incorporated into biomaterials, provide a tunable composition, controllable particle size, anion exchange capacity, pH-sensitive solubility, high-drug loading efficiency, efficient gene and drug delivery, controlled release and effective intracellular uptake, natural biodegradability in an acidic medium, and negligible toxicity. In this review, we study potential applications of LDH-based nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering. We address how LDHs provide new solutions for nanostructure stability and enhance in vivo studies' success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Izbudak
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Berivan Cecen
- Biofabrication Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University Glassboro NJ 08028 USA.,School of Medical Engineering, Science and Health, Rowan University Camden NJ 08103 USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University 34010 Zeytinburnu Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ingrid Anaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey CP 64849 Monterrey Nuevo León México
| | - Amir K Miri
- Biofabrication Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University Glassboro NJ 08028 USA.,School of Medical Engineering, Science and Health, Rowan University Camden NJ 08103 USA
| | - Ayca Bal-Ozturk
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University Istanbul Turkey .,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University Istanbul Turkey .,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University Istanbul Turkey.,Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Manufacturing (LivMedCell) Istanbul Turkey
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11
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Hierarchical Two-Dimensional Layered Double Hydroxide Coated Polydopamine Nanocarriers for Combined Chemodynamic and Photothermal Tumor Therapy. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11081008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The combination of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has proven to be successful in combating the challenges associated with cancer therapy. A combination of these therapies can maximize the benefits of each therapeutic modality through endogenous reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction and external laser power induction. In the current work, we have designed a copper-aluminum layered double hydroxide (CuAl-LDH) loaded doxorubicin (DOX) by a co-precipitation method; the surface was coated with polydopamine (PDA). The synthesized CuAl-LDH@DOX@PDA nanocarrier (NC) served as a Fenton-like catalyst with photothermal properties. It is well known that metal ion incorporated NCs can induce intracellular depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels along with the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+. The Cu+ ions in turn react with DOX leading to the generation of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecules to produce the highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through a Fenton-like reaction. The enhanced absorption of CuAl@DOX@PDA at 810 nm, greatly improved the photothermal efficiency in comparison with bare CuAl-LDH and CuAl-LDH@DOX. In vitro studies revealed the tremendous CDT/PTT efficacy of CuAl@DOX@PDA in suppressing A549 cancer cells. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays and intracellular levels of various ROS cascade biomolecules support our findings in the efficient destruction of cancer cells through synergistic CDT/PTT therapy.
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12
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Azarshinfam N, Tanomand A, Soltanzadeh H, Rad FA. Evaluation of anticancer effects of propolis extract with or without combination with layered double hydroxide nanoparticles on Bcl-2 and Bax genes expression in HT-29 cell lines. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Wang GH, Shen HP, Huang X, Jiang XH, Jin CS, Chu ZM. Effect of Podophyllotoxin Conjugated Stearic Acid Grafted Chitosan Oligosaccharide Micelle on Human Glioma Cells. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2020; 63:698-706. [PMID: 32811802 PMCID: PMC7671778 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2019.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the physiochemical characteristics of podophyllotoxin (PPT) conjugated stearic acid grafted chitosan oligosaccharide micelle (PPT-CSO-SA), and evaluate the ability of the potential antineoplastic effects against glioma cells. METHODS PPT-CSO-SA was prepared by a dialysis method. The quality of PPT-CSO-SA including micellar size, zeta potential, drug encapsulation efficiency and drug release profiles was evaluated. Glioma cells were cultured and treated with PPT and PPT-CSO-SA. The ability of glioma cells to uptake PPT-CSO-SA was observed. The proliferation of glioma cells was determined by 3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis and morphology of U251 cells were observed by 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) dye staining. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The migration ability of U251 cells was determined by wound healing test. RESULTS PPT-CSO-SA had nano-level particle size and sustained release property. The encapsulation efficiency of drug reached a high level. The cellular uptake percentage of PPT in glioma cells was lower than that of PPT-CSO-SA (p<0.05). The inhibitory effect of PPT-CSO-SA on glioma cells proliferation was significantly stronger than that of PPT (p<0.05). The morphologic change of apoptosis cell such as shrinkage, karyorrhexis and karyopyknosis were observed. The percentage of U251 cells in G2/M phase increased significantly in the PPT-CSO-SA group compared with PPT group (p<0.05). Compared with the PPT group, the cell migration ability of the PPT-CSO-SA group was significantly inhibited after 12 and 24 hours (p<0.05). CONCLUSION PPT-CSO-SA can effectively enhance the glioma cellular uptake of drugs, inhibit glioma cells proliferation and migration, induce G2/M phase arrest of them, and promote their apoptosis. It may be a promising anti-glioma nano-drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Huan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - He Ping Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiao Hong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Cheng Sheng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zheng Min Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
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14
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Wang K, Gao Q, Zhang T, Rao J, Ding L, Qiu F. Inhibition of CYP2C9 by natural products: insight into the potential risk of herb-drug interactions. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:235-257. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1758714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jinqiu Rao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Ding
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
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15
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Feng W, Zong M, Wan L, Yu X, Yu W. pH/redox sequentially responsive nanoparticles with size shrinkage properties achieve deep tumor penetration and reversal of multidrug resistance. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4767-4778. [PMID: 32724941 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00695e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
pH/redox sequentially responsive nanoparticles with size shrinkage properties achieve deep tumor penetration and reversal of multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Feng
- Department of Oncology
- The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Huaian
- China
| | - Mingzhu Zong
- Department of Oncology
- The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Huaian
- China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Oncology
- The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Huaian
- China
| | - Xiaojuan Yu
- Department of Oncology
- The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Huaian
- China
| | - Weiyong Yu
- Department of Oncology
- The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
- Huaian
- China
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16
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Wen J, Liu F, Tao B, Sun S. GSH-responsive anti-mitotic cell penetrating peptide-linked podophyllotoxin conjugate for improving water solubility and targeted synergistic drug delivery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1019-1022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Li M, Sultanbawa Y, Xu ZP, Gu W, Chen W, Liu J, Qian G. High and long-term antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli via synergy between the antibiotic penicillin G and its carrier ZnAl layered double hydroxide. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 174:435-442. [PMID: 30481704 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are a global health problem. A commonly-used antibiotic Penicillin G was incorporated into ZnAl-layered double hydroxides (PNG/LDH) with a varied amount of PNG. PNG/LDH nanocomposites were well characterized in structure and composition using elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction pattern, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and TEM images, revealing that PNG were mostly adsorbed on the LDH surfaces at a lower PNG loading but some were intercalated into LDH interlayers at a higher PNG loading. The typical release profile of PNG and Zn2+ from PNG/LDH was a quick release, followed by a sustainable slow release. The antibacterial tests against Escherichia coli demonstrated that PNG/LDH with a suitable composition synergistically improved bacterial inhibition compared with free PNG and pristine LDHs. In specific, PNG/LDH with much higher cost-effectiveness showed a potent antimicrobial activity and maintained the activity for up to 10 days, significantly elongating the antibacterial effect compared with just 1 day for free PNG in the same conditions. Our results suggest suitable composition of nanoparticle carriers and antibiotics could significantly enhance antibacterial activity of antibiotics for a long period via the synergistic effect between carrier and antibiotics, a potential approach to overcome the bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Center for Food Science and nutrition, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The university of Queensland, Cooper Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The university of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The university of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Weiyu Chen
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The university of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Qin J, Wei X, Chen H, Lv F, Nan W, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Chen H. mPEG-g-CS-Modified PLGA Nanoparticle Carrier for the Codelivery of Paclitaxel and Epirubicin for Breast Cancer Synergistic Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1651-1660. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangjuan Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hongyang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Feng Lv
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wenbin Nan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yongxue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qiqing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
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19
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20
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Chen C, Yu Y, Wang X, Shi P, Wang Y, Wang P. Manipulation of pH-Sensitive interactions between podophyllotoxin-chitosan for enhanced controlled drug release. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:451-461. [PMID: 27867056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) offers a broad-spectrum of anticancer activities, but little has been reported for its controlled release. This work shows that by manipulating molecular interactions between PPT and Chitosan, efficient nanoscale capsulation of PPT can be realized. The drug encapsulation efficiency is as high as 52%, with a final particle drug loading in the order of 10% (wt/wt). It further demonstrates that changes in pH can also significantly affect the rate of drug release from the Chitosan nanoparticles. Upon contact with cancer cells, chitosan nanoparticles enable efficient internalization and drug release. In vitro evaluations with HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells indicate that the chitosan nanoparticle carriers can improve drug efficacy in comparison to free PPT, most likely by regulating the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway to induce apoptosis. Overall, PPT chitosan nanoparticles promise a safe and efficient drug delivery system for PPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China; Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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21
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Wang Y, Zhao B, Wang S, Liang Q, Cai Y, Yang F, Li G. Formulation and evaluation of novel glycyrrhizic acid micelles for transdermal delivery of podophyllotoxin. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:1623-35. [PMID: 26786787 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1135489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT As the first-line agent for genital warts, podophyllotoxin (POD) could induce extensively skin burning, itching, and erythema. Meanwhile, as a common anti-inflammatory agent, glycyrrhizic acid (GA), also has amphipathic and solubilizing properties, indicating that it might be a promising drug carrier. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to formulate and characterize the POD-loaded GA micelles preparation and to evaluate its drug release characteristics and anti-inflammatory properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS The novel micelles preparation was prepared by ultrasonic dispersion method and characterized using different scanning calorimetries, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopies. Subsequently, its encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug-loading content (LC), in vitro skin permeation, in vivo drug retention, and distribution of POD were detected. The anti-inflammatory effect of the preparation was reflected by HE staining and immunohistochemistry in the rat skin. RESULTS The POD-loaded GA micelles formed spherical shapes (approximately 10 nm) with an EE of 78.53 ± 2.17% and a LC of 7.293 ± 0.42%. Meaningfully, unlike the extensive distribution of the POD tincture throughout the skin tissue, POD released from the POD-loaded GA micelles mainly located in the epidermis and could maintain steady skin retention for 12 h. Moreover, the POD-loaded GA micelles induced less leukocyte infiltration and inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNF-α) expression when compared with the POD tincture. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the POD-loaded GA micelles could achieve a higher POD distribution in the epidermal layer as well as a lighter skin inflammation. This new POD delivery system might be a potential and promising candidate for genital warts and deserved further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatian Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China and
| | - Boxin Zhao
- a Department of Pharmacy , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China and
| | - Shengqi Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China and
| | - Qianying Liang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China and
| | - Yun Cai
- a Department of Pharmacy , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China and
| | - Fuheng Yang
- b Department of Pharmacy , Zhuhai Maternal and Child Health Hospital , Zhuhai , China
| | - Guofeng Li
- a Department of Pharmacy , Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou , China and
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Zhu R, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Zhang H, Wu B, Wu X, Wang S. pH sensitive nano layered double hydroxides reduce the hematotoxicity and enhance the anticancer efficacy of etoposide on non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:320-332. [PMID: 26485164 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Etoposide (VP16), used for the treatment of many carcinomas, can cause leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and hair loss. To overcome the side effects and achieve target therapy, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), a pH sensitive layered double hydroxide nanohybrid, was used here as a nano-carrier. The functions of LDHs-VP16 on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were firstly explored both in vitro and in vivo. In A549 cell line, LDH-VP16 induced apoptosis 2.3-fold as that of plain VP16 by targeting to mitochondrial, stocking cells in G1 phase. The cellular uptake demonstrated the delivery of LDH for VP16 to pass through the membrane and accumulate in mitochondria. As a carrier, LDH greatly decreased the liver toxicity and hematotoxicity of VP16. The detected liver parameters, including glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were all turn back to normal range after the delivery of LDH, except ALP. In vivo, LDH-VP16 reduced A549 tumor growth significantly by 60.5%, whereas native VP16 exerted no significant anticancer activity. In LDH-VP16 treated mice, the AUC was increased by 6.26 folds as the native drug, and t1/2 of LDH-VP16 was prolonged from 6.68 to 98.78h. LDH-VP16 showed a targeting effect, which largely increase the concentration in tumor and lung. The phosphorylation antibody array and Western Blot of proteins from xenografts revealed that PI3K-AKT signaling was suppressed in the LDH-VP16 treated tumor, while in VP16 treated mice, ERBB signaling pathway was involved. These results suggested that LDH-VP16 diminishes hematotoxicity, targets NSCLC tumor, performs more effectively than VP16, and different signaling pathway is involved compared to VP16. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This paper explored that nano-sized layered double hydroxide (LDH) could be used as a pH sensitive delivery system to overcome hematotoxicity and enhance the bioavailability and anticancer efficacy of etoposide (VP16) against non small cell lung cancer, which was not reported before, as the best of our knowledge. We found that the liver and hematotoxicity is nearly recovered after the loading of VP16 in pH sensitive LDH, which prongs the half time from 6.68h to 98h, helps target VP16 to tumor and lung, and protects white blood cells by its pH sensitive and nano-size property. LDH-VP16 achieve markedly performance on non-small cell lung cancer by targeting to mitochondria of A549 cells in vitro and effectively inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in vivo. The inhibition ratio of VP16 on A549 tumor growth is increased from less than 20% (no significance compared to control) to 60.5% after the delivery of LDH. This work provides a novel system for the safe and efficient use of etoposide on non-small cell lung cancer and explores the mechanism of the function of nano carrier in cancer therapy both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingxiu Wang
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjing Zhu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianzheng Wu
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shilong Wang
- Tongji Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Mosangi D, Kesavan Pillai S, Moyo L, Ray SS. Inorganic layered double hydroxides as a 4-hexyl resorcinol delivery system for topical applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the hydrophobic even skin tone active, 4-hexylresorcinol is intercalated into a Zn–Al layered double hydroxide by co-precipitation method and used as controlled release ingredient in a skin care formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damodar Mosangi
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
- Pretoria 0001
- South Africa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
| | - Sreejarani Kesavan Pillai
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
- Pretoria 0001
- South Africa
| | - Lumbidzani Moyo
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
- Pretoria 0001
- South Africa
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
- Pretoria 0001
- South Africa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
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24
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Ahmad R, Hussein MZ, Kadir WRWA, Sarijo SH, Hin TYY. Evaluation of Controlled-Release Property and Phytotoxicity Effect of Insect Pheromone Zinc-Layered Hydroxide Nanohybrid Intercalated with Hexenoic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10893-10902. [PMID: 26501358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A controlled release formulation for the insect pheromone hexenoic acid (HE) was successfully developed using zinc-layered hydroxide (ZLH) as host material through a simple coprecipitation technique, resulting in the formation of inorganic-organic nanolayered material with sustained release properties. The release of HE from its nanohybrid was found to occur in a controlled manner, governed by a pseudo-second order kinetics model. The maximum amount of HE released from the nanocomposite into solutions at pH 4, 6.5, and 8 was found to be 84, 73, and 83% for 1100 min, respectively. The hexenoate zinc-layered hydroxide nanomaterial (HEN) was found to be nontoxic for plants when green beans and wheat seeds were successfully germinated in all HEN concentrations tested in the experiment, with higher percentage of seed germination and higher radical seed growth as compared to its counter anion, HE. ZLH can be a promising carrier for insect pheromone toward a new generation of environmentally safe pesticide nanomaterial for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Ahmad
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) , 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Forest Biotechnology Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) , 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory (MSCL), Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) , 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Halimah Sarijo
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , 40540 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin
- Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) , 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Sun X, Neuperger E, Dey SK. Insights into the synthesis of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles: Part 1. Optimization and controlled synthesis of chloride-intercalated LDH. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 459:264-272. [PMID: 26301838 PMCID: PMC4706763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles have excellent anion-intercalating property, and their potential as theranostic nanovectors is high. However, understanding of the control of the mean particle size (MPS) and achievement of monodispersed particle size distribution (PSD) remains elusive. Herein, with the aid of statistical design of experiments on a model system of Cl(-)-intercalated (Zn, Al)-LDH, controlled synthesis of single crystalline nanoparticles using the coprecipitation method followed by hydrothermal treatment (HT) was achieved in three steps. First, a 2(4-1) design enabled the identification of influential parameters for MPS (i.e., salt concentration, molar ratio of carbonate to aluminum, solution addition rate, and interaction between salt concentration and stirring rate) and PSD (i.e., salt concentration and stirring rate), as well as the optimum coprecipitation conditions that result in a monodispersed PSD (i.e., low salt concentration and high stirring rate). Second, a preliminary explanation of the HT was suggested and the optimum HT conditions for obtaining ideal Gaussian PSD with chi-squared (χ(2))<3 were found to be 85°C for 5 h. Third, using a central composite design, a quantitative MPS model, expressed in terms of the significant factors, was developed and experimentally verified to synthesize nearly monodispersed LDH nanoparticles with MPS ∼200-500 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Sun
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Center for Interventional Biomaterials, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Erica Neuperger
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Center for Interventional Biomaterials, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - Sandwip K Dey
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Center for Interventional Biomaterials, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
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26
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Kankala RK, Kuthati Y, Sie HW, Shih HY, Lue SI, Kankala S, Jeng CC, Deng JP, Weng CF, Liu CL, Lee CH. Multi-laminated metal hydroxide nanocontainers for oral-specific delivery for bioavailability improvement and treatment of inflammatory paw edema in mice. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Wu Y, Zhu R, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Wang W, Sun X, Wu X, Cheng L, Zhang J, Wang S. Layered double hydroxide nanoparticles promote self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells through the PI3K signaling pathway. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11102-11114. [PMID: 26060037 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02339d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) hold great potential for regenerative medicine due to their two unique characteristics: self-renewal and pluripotency. Several groups of nanoparticles have shown promising applications in directing the stem cell fate. Herein, we investigated the cellular effects of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles (LDH NPs) on mouse ESCs (mESCs) and the associated molecular mechanisms. Mg-Al-LDH NPs with an average diameter of ∼100 nm were prepared by hydrothermal methods. To determine the influences of LDH NPs on mESCs, cellular cytotoxicity, self-renewal, differentiation potential, and the possible signaling pathways were explored. Evaluation of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release, ROS generation and apoptosis demonstrated the low cytotoxicity of LDH NPs. The alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of pluripotency genes in mESCs were examined, which indicated that exposure to LDH NPs could support self-renewal and inhibit spontaneous differentiation of mESCs under feeder-free culture conditions. The self-renewal promotion was further proved to be independent of the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Furthermore, cells treated with LDH NPs maintained the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo through formation of embryoid bodies and teratomas. In addition, we observed that LDH NPs initiated the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, while treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could block the effects of LDH NPs on mESCs. The results confirmed that the promotion of self-renewal by LDH NPs was associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Altogether, our studies identified a new role of LDH NPs in maintaining self-renewal of mouse ES cells which could potentially be applied in stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Wu
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Korobkova EA. Effect of Natural Polyphenols on CYP Metabolism: Implications for Diseases. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1359-90. [PMID: 26042469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a large group of hemeproteins located on mitochondrial membranes or the endoplasmic reticulum. They play a crucial role in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous molecules. The activity of CYP is associated with a number of factors including redox potential, protein conformation, the accessibility of the active site by substrates, and others. This activity may be potentially modulated by a variety of small molecules. Extensive experimental data collected over the past decade point at the active role of natural polyphenols in modulating the catalytic activity of CYP. Polyphenols are widespread micronutrients present in human diets of plant origin and in medicinal herbs. These compounds may alter the activity of CYP either via direct interactions with the enzymes or by affecting CYP gene expression. The polyphenol-CYP interactions may significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs and thus influence the effectiveness of chemical therapies used in the treatment of different types of cancers, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). CYPs are involved in the oxidation and activation of external carcinogenic agents, in which case the inhibition of the CYP activity is beneficial for health. CYPs also support detoxification processes. In this case, it is the upregulation of CYP genes that would be favorable for the organism. A CYP enzyme aromatase catalyzes the formation of estrone and estradiol from their precursors. CYPs also catalyze multiple reactions leading to the oxidation of estrogen. Estrogen signaling and oxidative metabolism of estrogen are associated with the development of cancer. Thus, polyphenol-mediated modulation of the CYP's activity also plays a vital role in estrogen carcinogenesis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the data collected over the last five to six years on the following topics: (1) the mechanisms of the interactions of CYP with food constituents that occur via the direct binding of polyphenols to the enzymes and (2) the mechanisms of the regulation of CYP gene expression mediated by polyphenols. The structure-activity relationship relevant to the ability of polyphenols to affect the activity of CYP is analyzed. The application of polyphenol-CYP interactions to diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Korobkova
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The Department of Sciences, City University of New York, 524 W 59th Street, New York, New York 10019, United States
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29
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Balcomb B, Singh M, Singh S. Synthesis and characterization of layered double hydroxides and their potential as nonviral gene delivery vehicles. ChemistryOpen 2015; 4:137-45. [PMID: 25969811 PMCID: PMC4420585 DOI: 10.1002/open.201402074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit characteristic anion-exchange chemistry making them ideal carriers of negatively charged molecules like deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In this study, hydrotalcite (Mg-Al) and hydrotalcite-like compounds (Mg-Fe, Zn-Al, and Zn-Fe), also known as LDHs, were evaluated for their potential application as a carrier of DNA. LDHs were prepared by coprecipitation at low supersaturation and characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR), Raman, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD patterns showed strong and sharp diffraction peaks for the (003) and (006) planes indicating well-ordered crystalline materials. TEM images yielded irregular circular to hexagonal-shaped particles of 50-250 nm in size. Varying degrees of DNA binding was observed for all the compounds, and nuclease digestion studies revealed that the LDHs afford some degree of protection to the bound DNA. Minimal toxicity was observed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293), cervical cancer (HeLa) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines with most showing a cell viability in excess of 80 %. All LDH complexes promoted significant levels of luciferase gene expression, with the DNA:Mg-Al LDHs proving to be the most efficient in all cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Balcomb
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, (South Africa)
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- School of Life Sciences (Biochemistry), University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, (South Africa)
| | - Sooboo Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, (South Africa)
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Roy A, Ernsting MJ, Undzys E, Li SD. A highly tumor-targeted nanoparticle of podophyllotoxin penetrated tumor core and regressed multidrug resistant tumors. Biomaterials 2015; 52:335-46. [PMID: 25818440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) exhibited significant activity against P-glycoprotein mediated multidrug resistant (MDR) tumor cell lines; however, due to its poor solubility and high toxicity, PPT cannot be dosed systemically, preventing its clinical use for MDR cancer. We developed a nanoparticle dosage form of PPT by covalently conjugating PPT and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with acetylated carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Ac) using one-pot esterification chemistry. The polymer conjugates self-assembled into nanoparticles (NPs) of variable sizes (20-120 nm) depending on the PPT-to-PEG molar ratio (2-20). The conjugate with a low PPT/PEG molar ratio of 2 yielded NPs with a mean diameter of 20 nm and released PPT at ∼5%/day in serum, while conjugates with increased PPT/PEG ratios (5 and 20) produced bigger particles (30 nm and 120 nm respectively) that displayed slower drug release (∼2.5%/day and ∼1%/day respectively). The 20 nm particles exhibited 2- to 5-fold enhanced cell killing potency and 5- to 20-fold increased tumor delivery compared to the larger NPs. The biodistribution of the 20 nm PPT-NPs was highly selective to the tumor with 8-fold higher accumulation than all other examined tissues, while the larger PPT-NPs (30 and 120 nm) exhibited increased liver uptake. Within the tumor, >90% of the 20 nm PPT-NPs penetrated to the hypovascular core, while the larger particles were largely restricted in the hypervascular periphery. The 20 nm PPT-NPs displayed significantly improved efficacy against MDR tumors in mice compared to the larger PPT-NPs, native PPT and the standard taxane chemotherapies, with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Roy
- Drug Delivery and Formulation, Drug Discovery Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Mark J Ernsting
- Drug Delivery and Formulation, Drug Discovery Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada; Faculty of Engineering and Architectural Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1Z2, Canada
| | - Elijus Undzys
- Drug Delivery and Formulation, Drug Discovery Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Shyh-Dar Li
- Drug Delivery and Formulation, Drug Discovery Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 101 College Street, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Liao F, Hu Y, Wu L, Tan H, Luo B, He Y, Qiao Y, Mo Q, Wang Y, Zuo Z, Deng J, Wei Y. Induction and mechanism of HeLa cell apoptosis by 9-oxo‑10, 11-dehydroageraphorone from Eupatorium adenophorum. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1823-7. [PMID: 25647450 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
9-Oxo-10, 11-dehydroageraphorone (euptox A), a cadenine sesquiterpene, is the main toxin from Eupatorium adenophorum. The aim of the present study was to examine the induction and mechanism of HeLa cell apoptosis by euptox A. The apoptosis‑inducing effect of the euptox A on HeLa cells was examined by MTT assay. The underlying mechanism was analyzed by flow cytometry and quantitative PCR. Flow cytometry results suggested that euptox A effectively inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells, arrested the cell cycle transition from S to G2/M phase, did not continue to complete the cell cycle activity (mainly from 4 times and mitosis), and induced cell proliferation. The RT-qPCR detection results showed that euptox A induced apoptosis by improving the gene expression level of apoptotic proteases such as caspase-10 in HeLa cells. Its mechanism of action was associated with the upregulation of apoptotic gene expression and arresting of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Biao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yajun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Quan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Wenjiang 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P.R. China
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Ikuta Y, Koseki Y, Onodera T, Oikawa H, Kasai H. The effect of molecular structure on the anticancer drug release rate from prodrug nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12835-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The controlled release of an anticancer agent from drug nanoparticles could be successfully achieved by optimizing the chemical structure of dimeric compounds as prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Ikuta
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Koseki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Tsunenobu Onodera
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Oikawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kasai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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Wang WR, Li A, Mei W, Zhu RR, Li K, Sun XY, Qian YC, Wang SL. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate intercalated layered double hydroxides and their therapeutic efficacy in a murine asthma model. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09977j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic diagram showing the intercalation of Dexa into the MgAl–LDH interlayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rui Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Wei Mei
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Kun Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Xiao-Yu Sun
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Ye-Chang Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
- Shanghai Baoshan Central Hospital
- Shanghai
- PR China
| | - Shi-Long Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- PR China
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Qin L, Wang W, You S, Dong J, Zhou Y, Wang J. In vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo antifatigue effect of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for folic acid. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5701-10. [PMID: 25506219 PMCID: PMC4260686 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s74306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Folic acid antioxidants were successfully intercalated into layered double hydroxides (LDH) nanoparticles according to a previous method with minor modification. The resultant folic acid-LDH constructs were then characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro antioxidant activities, cytotoxicity effect, and in vivo antifatigue were examined by a series of assays. The results showed that folic acid-LDH antioxidant system can scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl free radicals and chelate pro-oxidative Cu2+. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays indicated that folic acid-LDH antioxidant system had no significant cytotoxic effect or obvious toxicity to normal cells. It also prolonged the forced swimming time of the mice by 32% and 51% compared to folic acid and control groups, respectively. It had an obvious effect on decreasing the blood urea nitrogen and blood lactic acid, while increasing muscle and hepatic glycogen levels. Therefore, folic acid-LDH might be used as a novel antioxidant and antifatigue nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qin
- Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Songhui You
- Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Dong
- Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Zhou
- Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibing Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Yan M, Zhang Z, Cui S, Lei M, Zeng K, Liao Y, Chu W, Deng Y, Zhao C. Improvement of pharmacokinetic and antitumor activity of layered double hydroxide nanoparticles by coating with PEGylated phospholipid membrane. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4867-78. [PMID: 25364245 PMCID: PMC4211912 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s69729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has attracted considerable attention as a drug carrier. However, because of its poor in vivo behavior, polyethylene glycolylated (PEGylated) phospholipid must be used as a coformer to produce self-assembled core-shell nanoparticles. In the present study, we prepared a PEGylated phospholipid-coated LDH (PLDH) (PEG-PLDH) delivery system. The PEG-PLDH nanoparticles had an average size of 133.2 nm. Their core-shell structure was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In vitro liposome-cell-association and cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated its ability to be internalized by cells. In vivo studies showed that PEGylated phospholipid membranes greatly reduced the blood clearance rate of LDH nanoparticles. PEG-PLDH nanoparticles demonstrated a good control of tumor growth and increased the survival rate of mice. These results suggest that PEG-PLDH nanoparticles can be a useful drug delivery system for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoguo Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengmiao Cui
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijing Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihui Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunshun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, People’s Republic of China
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Barahuie F, Hussein MZ, Arulselvan P, Fakurazi S, Zainal Z. Drug delivery system for an anticancer agent, chlorogenate-Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide nanohybrid synthesised using direct co-precipitation and ion exchange methods. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Kang Y, Ha W, Liu YQ, Ma Y, Fan MM, Ding LS, Zhang S, Li BJ. pH-responsive polymer-drug conjugates as multifunctional micelles for cancer-drug delivery. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:335101. [PMID: 25073730 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/33/335101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We developed a novel linear pH-sensitive conjugate methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-4β-aminopodophyllotoxin (mPEG-NPOD-I) by a covalently linked 4β-aminopodophyllotoxin (NPOD) and PEG via imine bond, which was amphiphilic and self-assembled to micelles in an aqueous solution. The mPEG-NPOD-I micelles simultaneously served as an anticancer drug conjugate and as drug carriers. As a drug conjugate, mPEG-NPOD-I showed a significantly faster NPOD release at a mildly acidic pH of 5.0 and 4.0 than a physiological pH of 7.4. Notably, it was confirmed that this drug conjugate could efficiently deliver NPOD to the nuclei of the tumor cells and led to much more cytotoxic effects to A549, Hela, and HepG2 cancer cells than the parent NPOD. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of mPEG-NPOD-I was about one order magnitude lower than that of the NPOD. In vivo, mPEG-NPOD-I reduced the size of the tumors significantly, and the biodistribution studies indicated that this drug conjugate could selectively accumulate in tumor tissues. As drug carriers, the mPEG-NPOD-I micelles encapsulated hydrophobic PTX with drug-loading efficiencies of 57% and drug-loading content of 16%. The loaded PTX also showed pH-triggered fast release behavior, and good additive cytotoxicity effect was observed for the PEG-NPOD-I/PTX. We are convinced that these multifunctional drug conjugate micelles have tremendous potential for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Kura AU, Hussein MZ, Fakurazi S, Arulselvan P. Layered double hydroxide nanocomposite for drug delivery systems; bio-distribution, toxicity and drug activity enhancement. Chem Cent J 2014; 8:47. [PMID: 25177361 PMCID: PMC4149231 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-014-0047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of layered double hydroxide(LDH) nanocomposite as an alternative drug delivery system against various ailments is on the increase. Their toxicity potential is usually dose and time dependent with particle sizes, shapes and surface charge playing some role both in the in vitro and in vivo studies. The reticular endothelial system of especially the liver and spleen were shown to sequestrate most of these nanocomposite, especially those with sizes greater than 50 nm. The intracellular drug delivery by these particles is mainly via endocytotic pathways aided by the surface charges in most cases. However, structural modification of these nanocomposite via coating using different types of material may lower the toxicity where present. More importantly, the coating may serve as targeting ligand hence, directing drug distribution and leading to proper drug delivery to specific area of need; it equally decreases the unwanted nanocomposite accumulation in especially the liver and spleen. These nanocomposite have the advantage of wider bio-distribution irrespective of route of administration, excellent targeted delivery potential with ease of synthetic modification including coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Umar Kura
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400 UPM Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Selangor, Malaysia ; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Selangor, Malaysia
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40
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Bi X, Zhang H, Dou L. Layered double hydroxide-based nanocarriers for drug delivery. Pharmaceutics 2014; 6:298-332. [PMID: 24940733 PMCID: PMC4085601 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics6020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible clay materials have attracted particular attention as the efficient drug delivery systems (DDS). In this article, we review developments in the use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for controlled drug release and delivery. We show how advances in the ability to synthesize intercalated structures have a significant influence on the development of new applications of these materials. We also show how modification and/or functionalization can lead to new biotechnological and biomedical applications. This review highlights the most recent progresses in research on LDH-based controlled drug delivery systems, focusing mainly on: (i) DDS with cardiovascular drugs as guests; (ii) DDS with anti-inflammatory drugs as guests; and (iii) DDS with anti-cancer drugs as guests. Finally, future prospects for LDH-based drug carriers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Liguang Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 98, Beijing 100029, China.
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Chen A, Dang T, Wang S, Tang N, Liu Y, Wu W. The in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of MTX-Fe3O4-PLLA-PEG-PLLA microspheres prepared by suspension-enhanced dispersion by supercritical CO2. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:698-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Barahuie F, Hussein MZ, Fakurazi S, Zainal Z. Development of drug delivery systems based on layered hydroxides for nanomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7750-86. [PMID: 24802876 PMCID: PMC4057703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered hydroxides (LHs) have recently fascinated researchers due to their wide application in various fields. These inorganic nanoparticles, with excellent features as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems, have the potential to play an important role in healthcare. Owing to their outstanding ion-exchange capacity, many organic pharmaceutical drugs have been intercalated into the interlayer galleries of LHs and, consequently, novel nanodrugs or smart drugs may revolutionize in the treatment of diseases. Layered hydroxides, as green nanoreservoirs with sustained drug release and cell targeting properties hold great promise of improving health and prolonging life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Barahuie
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Zulkarnain Zainal
- Materials Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
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Zhang K, Xu ZP, Lu J, Tang ZY, Zhao HJ, Good DA, Wei MQ. Potential for layered double hydroxides-based, innovative drug delivery systems. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7409-28. [PMID: 24786098 PMCID: PMC4057680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs)-based drug delivery systems have, for many years, shown great promises for the delivery of chemical therapeutics and bioactive molecules to mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. This system offers high efficiency and drug loading density, as well as excellent protection of loaded molecules from undesired degradation. Toxicological studies have also found LDHs to be biocompatible compared with other widely used nanoparticles, such as iron oxide, silica, and single-walled carbon nanotubes. A plethora of bio-molecules have been reported to either attach to the surface of or intercalate into LDH materials through co-precipitation or anion-exchange reaction, including amino acid and peptides, ATPs, vitamins, and even polysaccharides. Recently, LDHs have been used for gene delivery of small molecular nucleic acids, such as antisense, oligonucleotides, PCR fragments, siRNA molecules or sheared genomic DNA. These nano-medicines have been applied to target cells or organs in gene therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes current progress of the development of LDHs nanoparticle drug carriers for nucleotides, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer drugs and recent LDH application in medical research. Ground breaking studies will be highlighted and an outlook of the possible future progress proposed. It is hoped that the layered inorganic material will open up new frontier of research, leading to new nano-drugs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Medical Science & Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institutes for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Ji Lu
- Australian Institutes for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Zhi Yong Tang
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hui Jun Zhao
- Griffith Schools of Environment, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - David A Good
- School of Medical Science & Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Ming Qian Wei
- School of Medical Science & Griffith Health Institute, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Yadav R, Kumar D, Kumari A, Yadav SK. Encapsulation of podophyllotoxin and etoposide in biodegradable poly-d,l-lactide nanoparticles improved their anticancer activity. J Microencapsul 2013; 31:211-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.834988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Qin L, Wang M, Zhu R, You S, Zhou P, Wang S. The in vitro sustained release profile and antitumor effect of etoposide-layered double hydroxide nanohybrids. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:2053-64. [PMID: 23737669 PMCID: PMC3668966 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s43203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxides intercalated with antitumor drug etoposide (VP16) were prepared for the first time using a two-step procedure. The X-ray powder diffraction data suggested the intercalation of VP16 into layers with the increased basal spacing from 0.84–1.18 nm was successful. Then, it was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The prepared nanoparticles, VP16-LDH, showed an average diameter of 62.5 nm with a zeta potential of 20.5 mV. Evaluation of the buffering effect of VP16-LDH indicated that the nanohybrids were ideal for administration of the drugs that treat human stomach irritation. The loading amount of intercalated VP16 was 21.94% and possessed a profile of sustained release. The mechanism of VP16-LDH release in the phosphate buffered saline solution at pH 7.4 is likely controlled by the diffusion of VP16 anions from inside to the surface of LDH particles. The in vitro cytotoxicity and antitumor assays indicated that VP16-LDH hybrids were less toxic to GES-1 cells while exhibiting better antitumor efficacy on MKN45 and SGC-7901 cells. These results imply that VP16-LDH is a potential antitumor drug for a broad range of gastric cancer therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qin
- Department of Physical Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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46
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Costantino U, Leroux F, Nocchetti M, Mousty C. LDH in Physical, Chemical, Biochemical, and Life Sciences. DEVELOPMENTS IN CLAY SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-098259-5.00026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang M, Qin L, Li K, Zhu R, Wang W, Wang S. The improvement of the anticancer effect of a novel compound benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 2-D-ribofuranosylhydrazide (BHR) loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:1348-54. [PMID: 23054988 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel drug delivery system consisting of benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 2-D-ribofuranosylhydrazide (BHR)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (BHR-SLNs) was prepared using the emulsification-evaporation technique. The mean particle size of the BHR-SLNs measured by photon correlation spectroscopy was about 75 nm. BHR-SLN morphology was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The drug entrapment efficiency was 70.2%, as determined via Sephadex gel chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Drug release assessment in vitro showed that BHR was gradually released from SLNs in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, treatment of 293T and Hela cells with BHR-SLNs demonstrated that BHR-SLNs were less toxic to normal cells while more effective in antitumor potency compared with the BHR drug alone. The results imply that BHR-SLNs could be considered as a promising antitumor drug system for a range of new therapeutic applications.
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Tang J, Sun DM, Qian WY, Zhu RR, Sun XY, Wang WR, Li K, Wang SL. One-step bulk preparation of calcium carbonate nanotubes and its application in anticancer drug delivery. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:408-17. [PMID: 22351100 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bulk fabrication of ordered hollow structural particles (HSPs) with large surface area and high biocompatibility simultaneously is critical for the practical application of HSPs in biosensing and drug delivery. In this article, we describe a smart approach for batch synthesis of calcium carbonate nanotubes (CCNTs) based on supported liquid membrane (SLM) with large surface area, excellent structural stability, prominent biocompatibility, and acid degradability. The products were characterized by transmission electron micrograph, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, UV-vis spectroscopy, zeta potential, and particle size distribution. The results showed that the tube-like structure facilitated podophyllotoxin (PPT) diffusion into the cavity of hollow structure, and the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of CCNTs for PPT are as high as 38.5 and 64.4 wt.%, respectively. In vitro drug release study showed that PPT was released from the CCNTs in a pH-controlled and time-dependent manner. The treatment of HEK 293T and SGC 7901 cells demonstrated that PPT-loaded CCNTs were less toxic to normal cells and more effective in antitumor potency compared with free drugs. In addition, PPT-loaded CCNTs also enhanced the apoptotic process on tumor cells compared with the free drugs. This study not only provides a new kind of biocompatible and pH-sensitive nanomaterial as the feasible drug container and carrier but more importantly establishes a facile approach to synthesize novel hollow structural particles on a large scale based on SLM technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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In vitro inhibition of histamine release behavior of cetirizine intercalated into Zn/Al- and Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:5899-5916. [PMID: 22754339 PMCID: PMC3382767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13055899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The intercalation of cetirizine into two types of layered double hydroxides, Zn/Al and Mg/Al, has been investigated by the ion exchange method to form CTZAN and CTMAN nanocomposites, respectively. The basal spacing of the nanocomposites were expanded to 31.9 Å for CTZAN and 31.2 Å for CTMAN, suggesting that cetirizine anion was intercalated into Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and arranged in a tilted bilayer fashion. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) study supported the formation of both the nanocomposites, and the intercalated cetirizine is thermally more stable than its counterpart in free state. The loading of cetirizine in the nanocomposite was estimated to be about 57.2% for CTZAN and 60.7% CTMAN. The cetirizine release from the nanocomposites show sustained release manner and the release rate of cetirizine from CTZAN and CTMAN nanocomposites at pH 7.4 is remarkably lower than that at pH 4.8, presumably due to the different release mechanism. The inhibition of histamine release from RBL2H3 cells by the free cetirizine is higher than the intercalated cetirizine both in CTZAN and CTMAN nanocomposites. The viability in human Chang liver cells at 1000 μg/mL for CTZAN and CTMAN nanocomposites are 74.5 and 91.9%, respectively.
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Xu Z, Zhang YL, Song C, Wu LL, Gao HW. Interactions of hydroxyapatite with proteins and its toxicological effect to zebrafish embryos development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32818. [PMID: 22509249 PMCID: PMC3324474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased application of nanomaterials has raised the level of public concern regarding possible toxicities caused by exposure to nanostructures. The interactions of nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) with cytochrome c and hemoglobin were investigated by zeta-potential, UV-vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism. The experimental results indicated that the interactions were formed via charge attraction and hydrogen bond and obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The two functional proteins bridged between HA particles to aggregate into the coralloid form, where change of the secondary structure of proteins occurred. From effects of nanosized HA, SiO(2) and TiO(2) particles on the zebrafish embryos development, they were adsorbed on the membrane surface confirmed by the electronic scanning microscopy. Nano-HA aggregated into the biggest particles around the membrane protein and then caused a little toxicity to development of zebrafish embryos. The SiO(2) particles were distributed throughout the outer surface and caused jam of membrane passage, delay of the hatching time and axial malformation. Maybe owing to the oxygen free radical activity, TiO(2) caused some serious deformity characters in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YLZ); (HWG)
| | - Cao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Environment of Education Ministry of China, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YLZ); (HWG)
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