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Wang J, Ma J, Tai Z, Li L, Zhang T, Cheng T, Yu J, Zhu Q, Bao L, Chen Z. Nanocarrier-Mediated Immunogenic Cell Death for Melanoma Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7149-7172. [PMID: 38059000 PMCID: PMC10697015 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s434582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, a highly aggressive skin tumor, exhibits notable features including heterogeneity, a high mutational load, and innate immune escape. Despite advancements in melanoma treatment, current immunotherapies fail to fully exploit the immune system's maximum potential. Activating immunogenic cell death (ICD) holds promise in enhancing tumor cell immunogenicity, stimulating immune amplification response, improving drug sensitivity, and eliminating tumors. Nanotechnology-enabled ICD has emerged as a compelling therapeutic strategy for augmenting cancer immunotherapy. Nanoparticles possess versatile attributes, such as prolonged blood circulation, stability, and tumor-targeting capabilities, rendering them ideal for drug delivery. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms underlying ICD induction and associated therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we provide a concise overview of the immune stress response associated with ICD and explore the potential synergistic benefits of combining ICD induction methods with the utilization of nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Wang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Ma
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lisha Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Cheng
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxia Yu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leilei Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of External Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China
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Chen X, Zhang L, He Y, Huang S, Chen S, Zhao W, Yu D. Regulation of m 6A modification on ferroptosis and its potential significance in radiosensitization. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:343. [PMID: 37714846 PMCID: PMC10504338 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is often used to treat various types of cancers, but radioresistance greatly limits the clinical efficiency. Recent studies have shown that radiotherapy can lead to ferroptotic cancer cell deaths. Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death caused by excessive lipid peroxidation. The induction of ferroptosis provides a potential therapeutic strategy for radioresistance. As the most common post-transcriptional modification of mRNA, m6A methylation is widely involved in the regulation of various physiopathological processes by regulating RNA function. Dynamic m6A modification controlled by m6A regulatory factors also affects the susceptibility of cells to ferroptosis, thereby determining the radiosensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanism and significance of radiotherapy induced ferroptosis, analyze the regulatory characteristics of m6A modification on ferroptosis, and discuss the possibility of radiosensitization by enhancing m6A-mediated ferroptosis. Clarifying the regulation of m6A modification on ferroptosis and its significance in the response of tumor cells to radiotherapy will help us identify novel targets to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy and reduce or overcome radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lejia Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China.
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Lee JH, Park JE, Hong MJ, Choi JE, Kang H, Do SK, Lee S, Jeong JY, Shin KM, Do YW, Lee EB, Lee WK, Oh I, Kim Y, Choi SH, Lee YH, Seo H, Lee J, Cha SI, Kim CH, Yoo SS, Lee SY, Park JY. Genetic variants in key necroptosis regulators predict prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer after surgical resection. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:2678-2686. [PMID: 37519036 PMCID: PMC10493482 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necroptosis is a regulated inflammatory cell death which plays a significant role in cancer development and progression. In this study, we evaluated whether genetic variants in key regulators of necroptosis may affect survival outcome of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after surgical resection. METHODS A total of 674 patients who underwent curative surgery were included. Fifteen genetic variants in key regulators of necroptosis (RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL) were selected. The association of these variants with survival outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS Two variants, RIPK1 rs17548629C > T and MLKL rs877375G > C, were associated with better overall survival and disease-free survival in multivariate analyses. When the patients were divided according to histology, the associations were significant only in adenocarcinoma, but not in squamous cell carcinoma. RIPK1 rs17548629 C-to-T change was associated with significantly increased luciferase activity by modulating the binding of miR-642a. Promoter assays showed a significantly increased promoter activity in MLKL rs877375C allele compared to G allele. Consistently, the mRNA expression level of RIPK1 and MLKL showed significant positive correlation with RIPK1 rs17548629C-to-T and MLKL rs877375G-to-C changes. CONCLUSION Two genetic variants in key regulators in necroptosis, RIPK1 rs17548629C > T and MLKL rs877375G > C, may be used as biomarkers to predict survival outcomes in surgically resected NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐Gyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Sook Kyung Do
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Sunwoong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical ScienceKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Shin
- Department of Radiology, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Woo Do
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Lung Cancer CenterKyungpook National University Chilgok HospitalDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Eung Bae Lee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Lung Cancer CenterKyungpook National University Chilgok HospitalDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Won Kee Lee
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Medical Research Collaboration CenterKyungpook National University Hospital and School of MedicineDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - In‐Jae Oh
- Department of Internal MedicineChonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun HospitalGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Young‐Chul Kim
- Department of Internal MedicineChonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun HospitalGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sun Ha Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Lung Cancer CenterKyungpook National University Chilgok HospitalDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Seung Ick Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Seung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Lung Cancer CenterKyungpook National University Chilgok HospitalDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Lung Cancer CenterKyungpook National University Chilgok HospitalDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical ScienceKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Lung Cancer CenterKyungpook National University Chilgok HospitalDaeguRepublic of Korea
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Mohamed Yoosuf AB, Alshehri S, Abdul Aziz MZ, Mansor S, Appalanaido GK, Alqathami M. Effectiveness of Robotic Stereotactic Radiotherapy in Patients Undergoing Re-irradiation: A Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e43500. [PMID: 37719625 PMCID: PMC10500384 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is a possible treatment option for patients who develop recurrence within or at the edge of a previously irradiated volume. Robotic stereotactic radiotherapy is the result of technological advances in robotic precision, real-time imaging, non-invasive, highly customizable treatment plan, and delivery with sub-millimeter accuracy. This article reviews the radiobiologic, technical, and clinical aspects of robotic-based SABR re-irradiation for various anatomical sites. An extensive literature search was performed to identify articles on the utilization of robotic stereotactic radiotherapy for patients undergoing re-irradiation. The reported prescription dose and fractionation data along with outcomes such as overall survival, local control rates, and toxicities were qualitatively reviewed. The findings consistently indicate that re-irradiation using robotic SABR provides encouraging survival rates with minimal toxicity in the clinical setting of various anatomical sites delivered using locally non-invasive means where other treatment options are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahamed Badusha Mohamed Yoosuf
- Oncology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Oncology/Radiation Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Salem Alshehri
- Radiation Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
- Oncology, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohd Zahri Abdul Aziz
- Advanced Management of Liver Malignancies Program, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Penang, MYS
| | - Syahir Mansor
- Advanced Management of Liver Malignancies Program, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Penang, MYS
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Penang, MYS
| | - Gokula Kumar Appalanaido
- Advanced Management of Liver Malignancies Program, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Penang, MYS
- Radiotherapy Unit, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Sains Malaysia, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Penang, MYS
| | - Mamdouh Alqathami
- Department of Oncology, Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
- Clinical Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, SAU
- Radiological Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Pan J, Gan L, Xue J. Ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in cancer: Crucial cell death types in radiotherapy and post-radiotherapy immune activation. Radiother Oncol 2023; 184:109689. [PMID: 37150447 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell death and antitumor immune activation induced by radiotherapy are extensively well-studied. While radiotherapy is believed to mainly induce tumor cell necrosis and apoptosis, recent studies have shown that it can also induce ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in tumor cells. However, studies on the role of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in radiotherapy and post-radiotherapy immune activation are limited. In this review, we summarize the comprehensive literature on the molecular mechanisms and more recent research progress related to radiotherapy-induced ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in tumor cells. Further, we discuss the role of tumor cells undergoing these types of cell death in immune activation after radiotherapy. In addition, we highlight some unresolved questions on the association of radiotherapy with ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. This review can improve our current understanding of the relationship between radiotherapy and different cell death pathways and provide a theoretical framework to improve the therapeutic effect of tumor radiotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youke Wang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; The Second Collage of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jing Pan
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Lu Gan
- Research Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Hänggi K, Ruffell B. Cell death, therapeutics, and the immune response in cancer. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:381-396. [PMID: 36841748 PMCID: PMC10121860 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Induction of cell death is inexorably linked with cancer therapy, but this can also initiate wound-healing processes that have been linked to cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Here we describe the contribution of apoptosis and the lytic cell death pathways in the response to therapy (including chemotherapy and immunotherapy). We also discuss how necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis function to promote tumor immunogenicity, along with emerging findings that these same forms of death can paradoxically contribute to immune suppression and tumor progression. Understanding the duality of cell death in cancer may allow for the development of therapeutics that shift the balance towards regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Hänggi
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brian Ruffell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Nojima H, Kaida A, Harada H, Akiyama M, Miuraa M. Effect of Ablative Dose Irradiation on Redistribution and Radioresponse in a Mouse Xenograft Model. Radiat Res 2022; 198:632-638. [PMID: 36223173 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-00096.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of ablative dose irradiation on redistribution and radioresponse after the second irradiation in a mouse xenograft model, assuming stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). A human tongue cancer cell line, SAS-Fucci, expressing the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci) that visualizes the cell cycle, was employed in this study. Tumor xenografts formed subcutaneously in nude mice (approximately 6 mm in diameter), with essentially no hypoxic regions, were irradiated at 10 Gy and G2 arrest kinetics were determined using histology sections and a real-time detection method. The second irradiation (10 Gy) was given at intervals of 0 h, 3 h, 1 day, and 4 days after the first irradiation, and tumor regrowth curves were obtained. It was revealed that the ratio of G2-arrested cells showed a much higher peak at 1 day postirradiation compared to 2 Gy, assuming conventional radiotherapy, and gradually decreased thereafter up to 4 days. Tumors irradiated at intervals of 0 h and 1 day demonstrated significantly higher radioresponses than other timings. We conclude that redistribution could contribute to the efficacy of SBRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Masako Akiyama
- University Research Administration, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Zhu S, Wang Y, Tang J, Cao M. Radiotherapy induced immunogenic cell death by remodeling tumor immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1074477. [PMID: 36532071 PMCID: PMC9753984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1074477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the induction of radiotherapy(RT) on the immunogenic cell death (ICD) is not only dependent on its direct cytotoxic effect, changes in the tumor immune microenvironment also play an important role in it. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) refers to the immune microenvironment that tumor cells exist, including tumor cells, inflammatory cells, immune cells, various signaling molecules and extracellular matrix. TIME has a barrier effect on the anti-tumor function of immune cells, which can inhibit all stages of anti-tumor immune response. The remodeling of TIME caused by RT may affect the degree of immunogenicity, and make it change from immunosuppressive phenotype to immunostimulatory phenotype. It is of great significance to reveal the causes of immune escape of tumor cells, especially for the treatment of drug-resistant tumor. In this review, we focus on the effect of RT on the TIME, the mechanism of RT in reversing the TIME to suppress intrinsic immunity, and the sensitization effect of the remodeling of TIME caused by RT on the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
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Zhang T, Wang Y, Inuzuka H, Wei W. Necroptosis pathways in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:32-40. [PMID: 35908574 PMCID: PMC11010659 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a caspase-independent form of programmed cell death executed by the receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-RIPK3-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) signaling cascade, deregulation of which can cause various human diseases including cancer. Escape from programmed cell death is a hallmark of cancer, leading to uncontrolled growth and drug resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to further understand whether necroptosis plays a key role in therapeutic resistance. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of the link between necroptosis and cancer, and discuss that targeting necroptosis is a new strategy to overcome apoptosis resistance in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Dai J, Fu Y. Identification of necroptosis‐related gene signature and characterization of tumour microenvironment infiltration in non‐small‐cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4698-4709. [PMID: 35871768 PMCID: PMC9443942 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Necroptosis is a programmed necrosis in a caspase‐independent fashion. The role of necroptosis‐related genes (NRGs) in lung cancer remains unknow. Herein, we classified TCGA‐LUAD cohort into two necroptosis‐related subtypes (C1 and C2) by consensus clustering analysis. The result showed that subtype C1 had a favourable prognosis and higher infiltration levels of immune cells. Moreover, subtype C1 was more activated in immune‐associated pathways. Then, we established an NRG prognosis model (NRG score) composed of six NRGs (RIPK3, MLKL, TLR2, TLR4, TNFRSF1A, NDRG2) and divided the cohort into low‐ and high‐risk group. We found that the NRG score was associated with prognosis, tumour immune microenvironment and tumour mutation burden. We also constructed an accurate nomogram model to improve the clinical applicability of NRG score. The result indicated that NRG score may be an independent prognostic marker for lung cancer patients. Taken together, we established a prognosis model that may deepen the understanding of NRGs in lung cancer and provide a basis for developing more effective immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juji Dai
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yangyang Fu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung Wenzhou China
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11
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Liu T, Guo L, Liu G, Xie F, Zhang J, Dai Z, Wang J, Zhang J. Identification of necroptosis-related signature and tumor microenvironment infiltration characteristics in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2022; 172:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Stereotactic body radiation combined with oncolytic vaccinia virus induces potent anti-tumor effect by triggering tumor cell necroptosis and DAMPs. Cancer Lett 2021; 523:149-161. [PMID: 34606928 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation is an integral part of cancer therapy. With the emergence of oncolytic vaccinia virus immunotherapy, it is important to study the combination of radiation and vaccinia virus in cancer therapy. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effect of and immune mechanisms underlying the combination of high-dose hypofractionated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and oncolytic vaccinia virus in preclinical murine models. The combination enhanced the in vivo anti-tumor effect and increased the numbers of splenic CD4+Ki-67+ helper T lymphocytes and CD8+Ki-67+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Combinational therapy also increased tumor-infiltrating CD3+CD4+ helper T lymphocytes and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but decreased tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells. In addition, SBRT combined with oncolytic vaccinia virus enhanced in vitro cell death, partly through necroptosis, and subsequent release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and shifted the macrophage M1/M2 ratio. We concluded that SBRT combined with oncolytic vaccinia virus can trigger tumor cell necroptosis and modify macrophages through the release of DAMPs, and then generate potent anti-tumor immunity and effects. Thus, combined therapy is potentially an important strategy for clinical cancer therapy.
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13
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Wang L, Zhou L, Zhou Y, Liu L, Jiang W, Zhang H, Liu H. Necroptosis in Pulmonary Diseases: A New Therapeutic Target. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:737129. [PMID: 34594225 PMCID: PMC8476758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.737129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, apoptosis has been the most well-studied regulated cell death (RCD) that has essential functions in tissue homeostasis throughout life. However, a novel form of RCD called necroptosis, which requires receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL), has recently been receiving increasing scientific attention. The phosphorylation of RIPK3 enables the recruitment and phosphorylation of MLKL, which oligomerizes and translocates to the plasma membranes, ultimately leading to plasma membrane rupture and cell death. Although apoptosis elicits no inflammatory responses, necroptosis triggers inflammation or causes an innate immune response to protect the body through the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Increasing evidence now suggests that necroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of several human diseases such as systemic inflammation, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, neurological diseases, and cancer. This review summarizes the emerging insights of necroptosis and its contribution toward the pathogenesis of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiling Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiguo Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Zhu M, Yang M, Zhang J, Yin Y, Fan X, Zhang Y, Qin S, Zhang H, Yu F. Immunogenic Cell Death Induction by Ionizing Radiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705361. [PMID: 34489957 PMCID: PMC8417736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) induced by various stresses and produces antitumor immunity via damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) release or exposure, mainly including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), calreticulin (CRT), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and heat shock proteins (HSPs). Emerging evidence has suggested that ionizing radiation (IR) can induce ICD, and the dose, type, and fractionation of irradiation influence the induction of ICD. At present, IR-induced ICD is mainly verified in vitro in mice and there is few clinical evidence about it. To boost the induction of ICD by IR, some strategies have shown synergy with IR to enhance antitumor immune response, such as hyperthermia, nanoparticles, and chemotherapy. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of ICD, ICD-promoting factors associated with irradiation, the clinical evidence of ICD, and immunogenic forms of cell death. Finally, we summarize various methods of improving ICD induced by IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdie Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Goff PH, Bhakuni R, Pulliam T, Lee JH, Hall ET, Nghiem P. Intersection of Two Checkpoints: Could Inhibiting the DNA Damage Response Checkpoint Rescue Immune Checkpoint-Refractory Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3415. [PMID: 34298632 PMCID: PMC8307089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancers resistant to immunotherapy require novel management strategies. DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, including ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related), ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase), have been promising therapeutic targets for decades. Specific, potent DDR inhibitors (DDRi) recently entered clinical trials. Surprisingly, preclinical studies have now indicated that DDRi may stimulate anti-tumor immunity to augment immunotherapy. The mechanisms governing how DDRi could promote anti-tumor immunity are not well understood; however, early evidence suggests that they can potentiate immunogenic cell death to recruit and activate antigen-presenting cells to prime an adaptive immune response. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is well suited to test these concepts. It is inherently immunogenic as ~50% of patients with advanced MCC persistently benefit from immunotherapy, making MCC one of the most responsive solid tumors. As is typical of neuroendocrine cancers, dysfunction of p53 and Rb with upregulation of Myc leads to the very rapid growth of MCC. This suggests high replication stress and susceptibility to DDRi and DNA-damaging agents. Indeed, MCC tumors are particularly radiosensitive. Given its inherent immunogenicity, cell cycle checkpoint deficiencies and sensitivity to DNA damage, MCC may be ideal for testing whether targeting the intersection of the DDR checkpoint and the immune checkpoint could help patients with immunotherapy-refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Goff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Rashmi Bhakuni
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (R.B.); (T.P.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Thomas Pulliam
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (R.B.); (T.P.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (R.B.); (T.P.); (J.H.L.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Evan T. Hall
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (R.B.); (T.P.); (J.H.L.)
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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16
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van Schaik TA, Chen KS, Shah K. Therapy-Induced Tumor Cell Death: Friend or Foe of Immunotherapy? Front Oncol 2021; 11:678562. [PMID: 34141622 PMCID: PMC8204251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.678562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatory treatments using surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy together with immunotherapy have shown encouraging results for specific subsets of tumors, but a significant proportion of tumors remains unsusceptible. Some of these inconsistencies are thought to be the consequence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) caused by therapy-induced tumor cell death (TCD). An increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing TCD has provided valuable insights in specific signaling cascades activated by treatment and the subsequent effects on the TME. Depending on the treatment variables of conventional chemo-, radio- and immunotherapy and the genetic composition of the tumor cells, particular cell death pathways are activated. Consequently, TCD can either have tolerogenic or immunogenic effects on the local environment and thereby affect the post-treatment anti-tumor response of immune cells. Thus, identification of these events can provide new rationales to increase the efficacy of conventional therapies combined with immunotherapies. In this review, we sought to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms initiated by conventional therapies and the impact of treatment-induced TCD on the TME. We also provide some perspectives on how we can circumvent tolerogenic effects by adequate treatment selection and manipulation of key signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs A van Schaik
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kok-Siong Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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17
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Vaes RDW, Hendriks LEL, Vooijs M, De Ruysscher D. Biomarkers of Radiotherapy-Induced Immunogenic Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040930. [PMID: 33920544 PMCID: PMC8073519 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) can induce an immunogenic variant of regulated cell death that can initiate clinically relevant tumor-targeting immune responses. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is accompanied by the exposure and release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), chemokine release, and stimulation of type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. In recent years, intensive research has unraveled major mechanistic aspects of RT-induced ICD and has resulted in the identification of immunogenic factors that are released by irradiated tumor cells. However, so far, only a limited number of studies have searched for potential biomarkers that can be used to predict if irradiated tumor cells undergo ICD that can elicit an effective immunogenic anti-tumor response. In this article, we summarize the available literature on potential biomarkers of RT-induced ICD that have been evaluated in cancer patients. Additionally, we discuss the clinical relevance of these findings and important aspects that should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne D. W. Vaes
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.V.); (D.D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)43-388-1585
| | - Lizza E. L. Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Marc Vooijs
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.V.); (D.D.R.)
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.V.); (D.D.R.)
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18
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Lim JH, Oh S, Kim L, Suh YJ, Ha YJ, Kim JS, Kim HJ, Park MH, Kim YS, Cho Y, Kwak SM, Lee HL, Kim YS, Ryu JS. Low-level expression of necroptosis factors indicates a poor prognosis of the squamous cell carcinoma subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1221-1230. [PMID: 33889504 PMCID: PMC8044481 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The programmed cell death pathway necroptosis may synergize with the DNA damage response (DDR) in opposing tumor progression. While our basic mechanistic understanding of the necroptotic cell death advances rapidly, its prognostic implications have not been thoroughly examined in cancers. Methods We included 394 patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent surgical tumor resection between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2011 and measured expression levels of nine proteins involved in necroptosis and the DDR in primary samples from 394 patients using tissue microarray. Protein expression evaluated by using an H-score method was dichotomized by the median value. The overall survival as the endpoint was calculated from the time of diagnosis to the time of the last follow-up or death. Results We find that low-level expression of the necroptosis markers RIPK3 and PELI1 is associated with high risk of patient death. High-level expression of the key DDR factor p53 in combination with low-level expression of either RIPK3 or PELI1 increases the risk further. These gene expression effects appear to occur specifically in the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) subtype of stage I NSCLC, while not observed in the non-SCC subtypes. Conclusions Low-level expression of such necroptosis factors as RIPK3 and PELI1 in combination with high-level expression of the DDR factor p53 can serve as a critical indicator in predicting survival of stage I NSCLC patients with the SCC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyeok Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sekyung Oh
- Department of Medical Sciences, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Lucia Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young Ju Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Department of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yunjung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Min Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hong Lyeol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Seon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
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19
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Bao C, Sun Y, Dwarakanath B, Dong Y, Huang Y, Wu X, Guha C, Kong L, Lu JJ. Carbon ion triggered immunogenic necroptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells involving necroptotic inhibitor BCL-x. J Cancer 2021; 12:1520-1530. [PMID: 33531997 PMCID: PMC7847655 DOI: 10.7150/jca.46316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the potential and mechanisms of necroptosis, a form of immunogenic cell death, induced by carbon ion as compared to photon beams in established photon resistant- (PR-) and sensitive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. MLKL is considered a central executor of necroptosis and phosphorylation of MLKL (p-MLKL) was a critical event of necroptosis. The clonogenic survival and DNA microarray demonstrated that after repeated photon irradiation, radiosensitive NPC cells became apoptosis-resistant but could be effectively inhibited by carbon ion irradiation. The relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) at D10 and D37 were 2.15 and 2.78 for PR-NPC cells. Carbon ion induced delayed DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, cytogenetic damage, morphological change and cell necrosis, indicating the possibility of necroptosis in both PR- and sensitive NPC cell types. The lower expression of necroptotic inhibitors (caspase-8 and Bcl-x) and higher level of MLKL in PR-NPC cells showed it was relatively more predisposed to necroptosis compared to the sensitive cells. Subsequent experiments demonstrated the significant upregulation of p-MLKL in the PR-NPC cells treated by carbon ion (4 Gy) compared with photon irradiation at both physical (4 Gy) and RBE (10 Gy) doses (P≤0.0001). Moreover, carbon ion induced a robust (up to 28 folds) p-MLKL in the PR-NPC cells as well as sensitive cells (up to 6-fold) coupled with a lower level of BCL-x expression and increased GM-CSF implicated in resculputure of immune system. These results suggested that carbon ion could induce necroptosis of NPC cells, especially in PR-NPC cells, and its mechanisms involve BCL-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihang Bao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Bilikere Dwarakanath
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanli Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangle Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Research and Development, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lin Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiade J Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
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20
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Uzunparmak B, Gao M, Lindemann A, Erikson K, Wang L, Lin E, Frank SJ, Gleber-Netto FO, Zhao M, Skinner HD, Newton J, Sikora AG, Myers JN, Pickering CR. Caspase-8 loss radiosensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to SMAC mimetic-induced necroptosis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:139837. [PMID: 33108350 PMCID: PMC7714407 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 (CASP8) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSCCs), and CASP8 mutations are associated with poor survival. The distribution of these mutations in HNSCCs suggests that they are likely to be inactivating. Inhibition of CASP8 has been reported to sensitize cancer cells to necroptosis, a regulated cell death mechanism. Here, we show that knockdown of CASP8 renders HNSCCs susceptible to necroptosis by a second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetic, birinapant, in combination with pan-caspase inhibitors Z-VAD-FMK or emricasan and radiation. In a syngeneic mouse model of oral cancer, birinapant, particularly when combined with radiation, delayed tumor growth and enhanced survival under CASP8 loss. Exploration of molecular underpinnings of necroptosis sensitivity confirmed that the level of functional receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 3 (RIP3) determines susceptibility to this mode of death. Although an in vitro screen revealed that low RIP3 levels rendered many HNSCC cell lines resistant to necroptosis, patient tumors maintained RIP3 expression and should therefore remain sensitive. Collectively, these results suggest that targeting the necroptosis pathway with SMAC mimetics, especially in combination with radiation, may be relevant therapeutically in HNSCC with compromised CASP8 status, provided that RIP3 function is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Uzunparmak
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Antje Lindemann
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly Erikson
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eric Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven J. Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederico O. Gleber-Netto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heath D. Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared Newton
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew G. Sikora
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Curtis R. Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Ablative Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and High Dose Rate Brachytherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123606. [PMID: 33276562 PMCID: PMC7761604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiation therapy is a standard of care treatment option for men with localized prostate cancer. Over the years, various radiation delivery modalities have contributed to the increased precision of radiation, employing radiobiological insights to shorten the overall treatment time with hypofractionation, while improving oncological control without increasing toxicities. Here, we discuss and compare two ablative radiation modalities, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT), in terms of oncological control, dose/fractionation and toxicities in men with localized prostate cancer. This review will highlight the levels of evidence available to support either modality as a monotherapy, will summarize safety and efficacy, help clinicians gain a deeper understanding of the safety and efficacy profiles of these two modalities, and highlight ongoing research efforts to address many unanswered questions regarding ablative prostate radiation. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common noncutaneous solid organ malignancy among men worldwide. Radiation therapy is a standard of care treatment option that has historically been delivered in the form of small daily doses of radiation over the span of multiple weeks. PCa appears to have a unique sensitivity to higher doses of radiation per fraction, rendering it susceptible to abbreviated forms of treatment. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) are both modern radiation modalities that allow the precise delivery of ablative doses of radiation to the prostate while maximally sparing sensitive surrounding normal structures. In this review, we highlight the evidence regarding the radiobiology, oncological outcomes, toxicity and dose/fractionation schemes of SBRT and HDRBT monotherapy in men with low-and intermediate-risk PCa.
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22
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Tang R, Xu J, Zhang B, Liu J, Liang C, Hua J, Meng Q, Yu X, Shi S. Ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in anticancer immunity. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:110. [PMID: 32778143 PMCID: PMC7418434 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has achieved considerable success in the clinic. However, ICIs are significantly limited by the fact that only one third of patients with most types of cancer respond to these agents. The induction of cell death mechanisms other than apoptosis has gradually emerged as a new cancer treatment strategy because most tumors harbor innate resistance to apoptosis. However, to date, the possibility of combining these two modalities has not been discussed systematically. Recently, a few studies revealed crosstalk between distinct cell death mechanisms and antitumor immunity. The induction of pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis combined with ICIs showed synergistically enhanced antitumor activity, even in ICI-resistant tumors. Immunotherapy-activated CD8+ T cells are traditionally believed to induce tumor cell death via the following two main pathways: (i) perforin-granzyme and (ii) Fas-FasL. However, recent studies identified a new mechanism by which CD8+ T cells suppress tumor growth by inducing ferroptosis and pyroptosis, which provoked a review of the relationship between tumor cell death mechanisms and immune system activation. Hence, in this review, we summarize knowledge of the reciprocal interaction between antitumor immunity and distinct cell death mechanisms, particularly necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis, which are the three potentially novel mechanisms of immunogenic cell death. Because most evidence is derived from studies using animal and cell models, we also reviewed related bioinformatics data available for human tissues in public databases, which partially confirmed the presence of interactions between tumor cell death and the activation of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, No. 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Qiu B, Aili A, Xue L, Jiang P, Wang J. Advances in Radiobiology of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1165. [PMID: 32850333 PMCID: PMC7426361 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) has been developed with remarkable technological advances in recent years. The accuracy of RT is dramatically improved and accordingly high dose radiation of the tumors could be precisely projected. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), also known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), are rapidly becoming the accepted practice in treating solid small sized tumors. Compared with the conventional fractionation external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), SABR with very high dose per fraction and hypo-fractionated irradiation yields convincing and satisfied therapeutic effects with low toxicity, since tumor cells could be directly ablated like radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The impressive clinical efficacy of SABR is greater than expected by the linear quadratic model and the conventional radiobiological principles, i.e., 4 Rs of radiobiology (reoxygenation, repair, redistribution, and repopulation), which may no longer be suitable for the explanation of SABR's ablation effects. Based on 4 Rs of radiobiology, 5 Rs of radiobiology emphasizes the intrinsic radiosensitivity of tumor cells, which may correlate with the responsiveness of SABR. Meanwhile, SABR induced the radiobiological alteration including vascular endothelial injury and the immune activation, which has been indicated by literature reported to play a crucial role in tumor control. However, a comprehensive review involving these advances in SABR is lacking. In this review, advances in radiobiology of SABR including the role of the 4 Rs of radiobiology and potential radiobiological factors for SABR will be comprehensively reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lixiang Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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24
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Sprooten J, De Wijngaert P, Vanmeerbeerk I, Martin S, Vangheluwe P, Schlenner S, Krysko DV, Parys JB, Bultynck G, Vandenabeele P, Garg AD. Necroptosis in Immuno-Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2020; 9:E1823. [PMID: 32752206 PMCID: PMC7464343 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have revolutionized oncology and firmly established the subfield of immuno-oncology. Despite this renaissance, a subset of cancer patients remain unresponsive to ICBs due to widespread immuno-resistance. To "break" cancer cell-driven immuno-resistance, researchers have long floated the idea of therapeutically facilitating the immunogenicity of cancer cells by disrupting tumor-associated immuno-tolerance via conventional anticancer therapies. It is well appreciated that anticancer therapies causing immunogenic or inflammatory cell death are best positioned to productively activate anticancer immunity. A large proportion of studies have emphasized the importance of immunogenic apoptosis (i.e., immunogenic cell death or ICD); yet, it has also emerged that necroptosis, a programmed necrotic cell death pathway, can also be immunogenic. Emergence of a proficient immune profile for necroptosis has important implications for cancer because resistance to apoptosis is one of the major hallmarks of tumors. Putative immunogenic or inflammatory characteristics driven by necroptosis can be of great impact in immuno-oncology. However, as is typical for a highly complex and multi-factorial disease like cancer, a clear cause versus consensus relationship on the immunobiology of necroptosis in cancer cells has been tough to establish. In this review, we discuss the various aspects of necroptosis immunobiology with specific focus on immuno-oncology and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Wijngaert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isaure Vanmeerbeerk
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shaun Martin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susan Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Jan B Parys
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut (LKI), Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Vitale I, Harrington KJ, Melero I, Galluzzi L. Immunological impact of cell death signaling driven by radiation on the tumor microenvironment. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:120-134. [PMID: 31873291 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic irradiation of the tumor microenvironment causes differential activation of pro-survival and pro-death pathways in malignant, stromal, endothelial and immune cells, hence causing a profound cellular and biological reconfiguration via multiple, non-redundant mechanisms. Such mechanisms include the selective elimination of particularly radiosensitive cell types and consequent loss of specific cellular functions, the local release of cytokines and danger signals by dying radiosensitive cells, and altered cytokine secretion by surviving radioresistant cells. Altogether, these processes create chemotactic and immunomodulatory cues for incoming and resident immune cells. Here we discuss how cytoprotective and cytotoxic signaling modules activated by radiation in specific cell populations reshape the immunological tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esperanza Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ilio Vitale
- IIGM-Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research National Institute for Health Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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26
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Abstract
Necroptosis, known as programmed necrosis, is a form of caspase-independent, finely regulated cell death with necrotic morphology. Tumor necrosis, foci of necrotic cell death, occurs in advanced solid tumors and is often associated with poor prognosis of cancer patients. While it is well documented that apoptosis plays a key role in tumor regression and the inactivation of apoptosis is pivotal to tumor development, the role of necroptosis in tumorigenesis is still not fully understood as recent studies have reported both tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressing effects of necroptosis. In this short review, we will discuss some recent studies about the role of necroptosis in tumorigenesis and speculate the implications of these findings in future research and potential novel cancer therapy targeting necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Delong Jiao
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
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27
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Simader E, Beer L, Laggner M, Vorstandlechner V, Gugerell A, Erb M, Kalinina P, Copic D, Moser D, Spittler A, Tschachler E, Jan Ankersmit H, Mildner M. Tissue-regenerative potential of the secretome of γ-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells is mediated via TNFRSF1B-induced necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:729. [PMID: 31570701 PMCID: PMC6768878 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1974-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been shown to produce and release a plethora of pro-angiogenetic factors in response to γ-irradiation, partially accounting for their tissue-regenerative capacity. Here, we investigated whether a certain cell subtype of PBMCs is responsible for this effect, and whether the type of cell death affects the pro-angiogenic potential of bioactive molecules released by γ-irradiated PBMCs. PBMCs and PBMC subpopulations, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes, and natural killer cells, were isolated and subjected to high-dose γ-irradiation. Transcriptome analysis revealed subpopulation-specific responses to γ-irradiation with distinct activation of pro-angiogenic pathways, cytokine production, and death receptor signalling. Analysis of the proteins released showed that interactions of the subsets are important for the generation of a pro-angiogenic secretome. This result was confirmed at the functional level by the finding that the secretome of γ-irradiated PBMCs displayed higher pro-angiogenic activity in an aortic ring assay. Scanning electron microscopy and image stream analysis of γ-irradiated PBMCs revealed distinct morphological changes, indicative for apoptotic and necroptotic cell death. While inhibition of apoptosis had no effect on the pro-angiogenic activity of the secretome, inhibiting necroptosis in stressed PBMCs abolished blood vessel sprouting. Mechanistically, we identified tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 1B as the main driver of necroptosis in response to γ-irradiation in PBMCs, which was most likely mediated via membrane-bound TNF-α. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the pro-angiogenic activity of the secretome of γ-irradiated PBMCs requires interplay of different PBMC subpopulations. Furthermore, we show that TNF-dependent necroptosis is an indispensable molecular process for conferring tissue-regenerative activity and for the pro-angiogenic potential of the PBMC secretome. These findings contribute to a better understanding of secretome-based therapies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Simader
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucian Beer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Radiology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Center, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maria Laggner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Business Agency Project 2343727 "APOSEC to clinic", Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Vorstandlechner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Business Agency Project 2343727 "APOSEC to clinic", Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Business Agency Project 2343727 "APOSEC to clinic", Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Erb
- Synlab Analytics and Services Switzerland AG, Birsfelden, Switzerland
| | - Polina Kalinina
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the SkinDepartment of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragan Copic
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Business Agency Project 2343727 "APOSEC to clinic", Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Moser
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Research Laboratories, Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the SkinDepartment of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Vienna Business Agency Project 2343727 "APOSEC to clinic", Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Mildner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the SkinDepartment of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Lang X, Green MD, Wang W, Yu J, Choi JE, Jiang L, Liao P, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Dow A, Saripalli AL, Kryczek I, Wei S, Szeliga W, Vatan L, Stone EM, Georgiou G, Cieslik M, Wahl DR, Morgan MA, Chinnaiyan AM, Lawrence TS, Zou W. Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy Promote Tumoral Lipid Oxidation and Ferroptosis via Synergistic Repression of SLC7A11. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1673-1685. [PMID: 31554642 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in oncology is to rationally and effectively integrate immunotherapy with traditional modalities, including radiotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that radiotherapy induces tumor-cell ferroptosis. Ferroptosis agonists augment and ferroptosis antagonists limit radiotherapy efficacy in tumor models. Immunotherapy sensitizes tumors to radiotherapy by promoting tumor-cell ferroptosis. Mechanistically, IFNγ derived from immunotherapy-activated CD8+ T cells and radiotherapy-activated ATM independently, yet synergistically, suppresses SLC7A11, a unit of the glutamate-cystine antiporter xc-, resulting in reduced cystine uptake, enhanced tumor lipid oxidation and ferroptosis, and improved tumor control. Thus, ferroptosis is an unappreciated mechanism and focus for the development of effective combinatorial cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: This article describes ferroptosis as a previously unappreciated mechanism of action for radiotherapy. Further, it shows that ferroptosis is a novel point of synergy between immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Finally, it nominates SLC7A11, a critical regulator of ferroptosis, as a mechanistic determinant of synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Lang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael D Green
- Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jiali Yu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jae Eun Choi
- Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Long Jiang
- Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ania Dow
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anjali L Saripalli
- Department of Medical Education, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wojciech Szeliga
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Linda Vatan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Everett M Stone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Marcin Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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29
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Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy for oligometastatic renal cell carcinoma (SABR ORCA): a meta-analysis of 28 studies. Eur Urol Oncol 2019; 2:515-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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