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Le Maître M, Guerrier T, Sanges S, Chepy A, Collet A, Launay D. Beyond circulating B cells: Characteristics and role of tissue-infiltrating B cells in systemic sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev 2025; 24:103782. [PMID: 40010623 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
B cells play a key role in the pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc). While they are less characterized than their circulating counterparts, tissue-infiltrating B cells may have a more direct pathological role in tissues. In this review, we decipher the multiple evidence of B cells infiltration in the skin and lungs of SSc patients and animal models of SSc but also of other chronic fibrotic diseases with similar pathological mechanisms such as chronic graft versus host disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or morphea. We also recapitulate the current knowledge about mechanisms of B cells infiltration and their functions in tissues. Finally, we discuss B cell targeted therapies, and their specific impact on infiltrated B cells. Understanding the local consequences of infiltrating B cells is an important step for a better management of patients and the improvement of therapies in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Le Maître
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France.
| | - Thomas Guerrier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Sanges
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre National de Référence Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord, Nord-Ouest, Méditerranée et Guadeloupe (CeRAINOM), F-59000 Lille, France; Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ReCONNET), France
| | - Aurélien Chepy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre National de Référence Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord, Nord-Ouest, Méditerranée et Guadeloupe (CeRAINOM), F-59000 Lille, France; Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ReCONNET), France
| | - Aurore Collet
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique, Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, F-59000 Lille, France; Centre National de Référence Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares du Nord, Nord-Ouest, Méditerranée et Guadeloupe (CeRAINOM), F-59000 Lille, France; Health Care Provider of the European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ReCONNET), France
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2
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Dhenni R, Hoppé AC, Reynaldi A, Kyaw W, Handoko NT, Grootveld AK, Keith YH, Bhattacharyya ND, Ahel HI, Telfser AJ, McCorkindale AN, Yazar S, Bui CHT, Smith JT, Khoo WH, Boyd M, Obeid S, Milner B, Starr M, Brilot F, Milogiannakis V, Akerman A, Aggarwal A, Davenport MP, Deenick EK, Chaffer CL, Croucher PI, Brink R, Goldstein LD, Cromer D, Turville SG, Kelleher AD, Venturi V, Munier CML, Phan TG. Macrophages direct location-dependent recall of B cell memory to vaccination. Cell 2025:S0092-8674(25)00407-6. [PMID: 40300604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/01/2025]
Abstract
Vaccines generate long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells (Bmems) that may re-enter secondary germinal centers (GCs) to further mutate their B cell receptor upon boosting and re-exposure to antigen. We show in mouse models that lymph nodes draining the site of primary vaccination harbor a subset of Bmems that reside in the subcapsular niche, generate larger recall responses, and are more likely to re-enter GCs compared with circulating Bmems in non-draining lymph nodes. This location-dependent recall of Bmems into the GC in the draining lymph node was dependent on CD169+ subcapsular sinus macrophages (SSMs) in the subcapsular niche. In human participants, boosting of the BNT162b2 vaccine in the same arm generated more rapid secretion of broadly neutralizing antibodies, GC participation, and clonal expansion of SARS-CoV-2-specific B cells than boosting of the opposite arm. These data reveal an unappreciated role for primed draining lymph node SSMs in Bmem cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Dhenni
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra Carey Hoppé
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wunna Kyaw
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathalie Tricia Handoko
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abigail K Grootveld
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuki Honda Keith
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nayan Deger Bhattacharyya
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly I Ahel
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aiden Josiah Telfser
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew N McCorkindale
- Data Science Platform, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina H T Bui
- St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cancer Plasticity and Dormancy Program, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - James T Smith
- St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cancer Plasticity and Dormancy Program, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Weng Hua Khoo
- Cancer Plasticity and Dormancy Program, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mollie Boyd
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Solange Obeid
- St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brad Milner
- St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mitchell Starr
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabienne Brilot
- Brain Autoimmunity Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vanessa Milogiannakis
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anouschka Akerman
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anupriya Aggarwal
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elissa K Deenick
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christine L Chaffer
- St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cancer Plasticity and Dormancy Program, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cancer Plasticity and Dormancy Program, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Immune Biotherapies Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Leonard D Goldstein
- St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Data Science Platform, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Deborah Cromer
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart G Turville
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony D Kelleher
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Vanessa Venturi
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - C Mee Ling Munier
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Li X, Deng J, Liu X, Zhou Y, Bi T, Chen J, Wang J. Tissue-resident immune cells in cervical cancer: emerging roles and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1541950. [PMID: 40330461 PMCID: PMC12053169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1541950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
The favorable prognosis of "hot" tumors is widely acknowledged in oncology. Recently, the concept of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) has renewed appreciation for local immune cells within tumor tissues. Tissue-resident immune cells, a newly identified subset of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, are emerging as potential key players in tumor infiltration and TLS formation, due to their ability to reside indefinitely within tissues and mount effective responses to local antigens. Cervical cancer (CC), the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally, has experienced comparatively limited progress in delineating its tumor immune microenvironment compared to other malignancies. Notably, the role of tissue-resident immune cells within the CC milieu remains inadequately characterized. This comprehensive review aims to synthesize current knowledge and critically evaluate the putative roles of these cells in CC pathogenesis, providing new insights on the intricate dynamics of the local tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidie Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Bi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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4
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Nelson AJ, Tatematsu BK, Beach JR, Sojka DK, Wu YL. Lung-resident memory B cells maintain allergic IgE responses in the respiratory tract. Immunity 2025; 58:875-888.e8. [PMID: 40139187 PMCID: PMC12068553 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2025.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Although allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a key mediator of allergic asthma, IgE-expressing B cells fail to form memory B cells (MBCs). Here, we studied the cellular mechanisms supporting IgE production in the respiratory tract. Allergen inhalation induced B cell infiltration into the lungs and IgE in the airway. Tracking B cells poised to class switch to IgE in reporter mice revealed predominant IgE class switching in the lung and identified IgG1+ MBCs as precursors of IgE-producing cells, which was supported by B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire sequencing. B cells localized with CD4+ T cells in peribronchiolar lymphoid aggregates. In coculture, interleukin-4 from lung Th2 cells induced lung MBCs to class switch to IgE. Lung-resident MBCs expanded after antigen rechallenge, concurrent with the emergence of IgE-secreting plasma cells (PCs), and the production of IgE in the airway was independent of systemic IgE in circulation, as indicated by parabiosis. Thus, lung-resident IgG1+ MBCs are cellular precursors for IgE-secreting PCs in the respiratory mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Nelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Bruna K Tatematsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Jordan R Beach
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Dorothy K Sojka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Yee Ling Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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5
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Guillaume SM, Foster WS, San Martín Molina I, Watson EM, Innocentin S, Kennedy GM, Denton AE, Linterman MA. Lung B cells in ectopic germinal centers undergo affinity maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2025; 122:e2416855122. [PMID: 40168127 PMCID: PMC12002176 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2416855122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/03/2025] Open
Abstract
The lungs are constantly exposed to the external environment and a myriad of antigenic challenges within the air. Chronic exposure to allergens and other airborne antigens can result in the formation of lymphocyte aggregates in the lung, which can harbor ectopic germinal centers (GCs). After allergen exposure, GCs that form in the lung are much smaller and less densely packed with B cells than lymph node GCs. Despite this, ectopic lung GCs support somatic hypermutation and affinity-based maturation as in lymph node GCs, and export memory B cells (MBCs) directly into the lung tissue. This demonstrates that the lung can locally diversify B cell responses and supports the generation of tissue MBC populations in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William S. Foster
- Immunology Program, Babraham Institute, CambridgeCB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel San Martín Molina
- Immunology Program, Babraham Institute, CambridgeCB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Babraham Imaging Core, Babraham Institute, CambridgeCB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Emily M. Watson
- Immunology Program, Babraham Institute, CambridgeCB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Innocentin
- Immunology Program, Babraham Institute, CambridgeCB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Grant M. Kennedy
- Immunology Program, Babraham Institute, CambridgeCB22 3AT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CoventryCV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Alice E. Denton
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, LondonW12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Alvarez-Sierra D, Martínez-Gallo M, Sánchez-Montalvá A, Fernández-Sanmartín M, Colobran R, Espinosa-Pereiro J, Poyatos-Canton E, Zurera-Egea C, Sánchez-Pla A, Violan C, Parra R, Alzayat H, Vivancos A, Morandeira-Rego F, Urban-Vargas B, Martínez-Cáceres E, Hernández-González M, Bas-Minguet J, Katsikis PD, Teniente-Serra A, Pujol-Borrell R. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 as a recall response susceptible to immune imprinting: A prospective cohort study. Clin Immunol 2025; 272:110429. [PMID: 39842683 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2025.110429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2024] [Revised: 01/12/2025] [Accepted: 01/14/2025] [Indexed: 01/24/2025]
Abstract
The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 does not follow the immunoglobulin isotype pattern of primary responses, conflicting with the current interpretation of COVID-19. METHODS Prospective cohort study of 191 SARS-CoV-2 infection cases and 44 controls from the second wave of COVID-19. The study stratified patients by severity and analyzed the trajectories of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and multiple immune variables. RESULTS Isotype-specific antibody time course profiles to SARS-CoV-2 revealed a pattern of recall response in 94.2 % of cases. The time course profiles of plasmablasts, B cells, cTfh high-resolution subsets, and cytokines indicated a secondary response. The transcriptomic data showed that this cohort is strictly comparable to contemporary cohorts. CONCLUSIONS In most cases, the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is a recall response. This constitutes a favorable scenario for most COVID-19 cases to be subjected to immune imprinting by endemic coronavirus, which, in turn, can influence the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alvarez-Sierra
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mónica Martínez-Gallo
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Campus Vall d'Hebron and Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Campus Vall d'Hebró, Barcelona, Spain; International Health Program, Institut Català de la Salut, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Fernández-Sanmartín
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Colobran
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Campus Vall d'Hebron and Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Espinosa-Pereiro
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Campus Vall d'Hebró, Barcelona, Spain; International Health Program, Institut Català de la Salut, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elísabet Poyatos-Canton
- Immunology Division, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Coral Zurera-Egea
- Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Sánchez-Pla
- Bioinformatics and Statistics Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepción Violan
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Parra
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Hospital Universitari Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hammad Alzayat
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Vivancos
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Vall Hebron Institut Oncology (VHIO), Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Blanca Urban-Vargas
- Immunology Division, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Cáceres
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Campus Vall d'Hebron and Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain; Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández-González
- Translational Immunology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Campus Vall d'Hebron and Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bas-Minguet
- Immunology Division, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Dept. of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aina Teniente-Serra
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Campus Vall d'Hebron and Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain; Immunology and Inflammation Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pujol-Borrell
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Campus Vall d'Hebron and Campus Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Vall Hebron Institut Oncology (VHIO), Campus Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Samiea A, Celis G, Yadav R, Rodda LB, Moreau JM. B cells in non-lymphoid tissues. Nat Rev Immunol 2025:10.1038/s41577-025-01137-6. [PMID: 39910240 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-025-01137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/07/2025]
Abstract
B cells have long been understood to be drivers of both humoral and cellular immunity. Recent advances underscore this importance but also indicate that in infection, inflammatory disease and cancer, B cells function directly at sites of inflammation and form tissue-resident memory populations. The spatial organization and cellular niches of tissue B cells have profound effects on their function and on disease outcome, as well as on patient response to therapy. Here we review the role of B cells in peripheral tissues in homeostasis and disease, and discuss the newly identified cellular and molecular signals that are involved in regulating their activity. We integrate emerging data from multi-omic human studies with experimental models to propose a framework for B cell function in tissue inflammation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Samiea
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - George Celis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rashi Yadav
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lauren B Rodda
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Joshua M Moreau
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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8
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Li J, Xiao C, Li C, He J. Tissue-resident immune cells: from defining characteristics to roles in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2025; 10:12. [PMID: 39820040 PMCID: PMC11755756 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-02050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/28/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells (TRICs) are a highly heterogeneous and plastic subpopulation of immune cells that reside in lymphoid or peripheral tissues without recirculation. These cells are endowed with notably distinct capabilities, setting them apart from their circulating leukocyte counterparts. Many studies demonstrate their complex roles in both health and disease, involving the regulation of homeostasis, protection, and destruction. The advancement of tissue-resolution technologies, such as single-cell sequencing and spatiotemporal omics, provides deeper insights into the cell morphology, characteristic markers, and dynamic transcriptional profiles of TRICs. Currently, the reported TRIC population includes tissue-resident T cells, tissue-resident memory B (BRM) cells, tissue-resident innate lymphocytes, tissue-resident macrophages, tissue-resident neutrophils (TRNs), and tissue-resident mast cells, but unignorably the existence of TRNs is controversial. Previous studies focus on one of them in specific tissues or diseases, however, the origins, developmental trajectories, and intercellular cross-talks of every TRIC type are not fully summarized. In addition, a systemic overview of TRICs in disease progression and the development of parallel therapeutic strategies is lacking. Here, we describe the development and function characteristics of all TRIC types and their major roles in health and diseases. We shed light on how to harness TRICs to offer new therapeutic targets and present burning questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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9
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Wang X, Kong H, Chu B, Yang Q, Lin C, Liu R, Chen C, Gao Y, Wang G, Wang D, Qin C, Ye X, Yu L, Xu X, Jin J, Sun R, Chen H, Wu X, Zhang Z. Identification of a broad-inhibition influenza neuraminidase antibody from pre-existing memory B cells. Cell Host Microbe 2025; 33:151-166.e8. [PMID: 39740671 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025]
Abstract
Identifying broadly reactive B precursor cells and conserved epitopes is crucial for developing a universal flu vaccine. In this study, using influenza neuraminidase (NA) mutant probes, we find that human pre-existing NA-specific memory B cells (MBCs) account for ∼0.25% of total MBCs, which are heterogeneous and dominated by class-unswitched MBCs. In addition, we identify three NA broad-inhibition monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (BImAbs) that block the activity of NA derived from different influenza strains, including the recent cow H5N1. The cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure shows that the BImAb targets the conserved NA enzymatic pocket and a separate epitope in the neighboring NA monomer. Furthermore, the NA BImAbs protect mice from the lethal challenge of the human pandemic H1N1 and H5N1. Our work demonstrates that the NA broad-inhibition precursor MBCs exist in healthy adults and could be targeted by the NA-based universal flu vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huihui Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bingxin Chu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaohui Lin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changxu Chen
- School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guojun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifei Yu
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangfei Xu
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren Sun
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Xudong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zeli Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Ado S, Dong C, Attaf N, Moussa M, Carrier A, Milpied P, Navarro JM. FB5P-seq-mAbs: monoclonal antibody production from FB5P-seq libraries for integrative single-cell analysis of B cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1505971. [PMID: 39742275 PMCID: PMC11685048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1505971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Parallel analysis of phenotype, transcriptome and antigen receptor sequence in single B cells is a useful method for tracking B cell activation and maturation during immune responses. However, in most cases, the specificity and affinity of the B cell antigen receptor cannot be inferred from its sequence. Antibody cloning and expression from single B cells is then required for functional assays. Here we propose a method that integrates FACS-based 5'-end single-cell RNA sequencing (FB5P-seq) and monoclonal antibody cloning for integrative analysis of single B cells. Starting from a cell suspension, single B cells are FACS-sorted into 96-well plates for reverse transcription, cDNA barcoding and amplification. A fraction of the single-cell cDNA is used for preparing 5'-end RNA-seq libraries that are sequenced for retrieving transcriptome-wide gene expression and paired BCR sequences. The archived cDNA of selected cells of interest is used as input for cloning heavy and light chain variable regions into antibody expression plasmid vectors. The corresponding monoclonal antibodies are produced by transient transfection of a eukaryotic producing cell line and purified for functional assays. We provide detailed step-by-step instructions and describe results obtained on ovalbumin-specific murine germinal center B cells after immunization. Our method is robust, flexible, cost-effective, and applicable to different B cell types and species. We anticipate it will be useful for mapping antigen specificity and affinity of rare B cell subsets characterized by defined gene expression and/or antigen receptor sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Ado
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Chuang Dong
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Noudjoud Attaf
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Myriam Moussa
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Agathe Carrier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Tumour Immunology and Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy, Villejuif, France
| | - Pierre Milpied
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Navarro
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
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11
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Sen Chaudhuri A, Sun J. Lung-resident lymphocytes and their roles in respiratory infections and chronic respiratory diseases. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2024; 2:214-223. [PMID: 39834580 PMCID: PMC11742555 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
Recent scientific breakthroughs have blurred traditional boundaries between innate and adaptive immunity, revealing a sophisticated network of tissue-resident cells that deliver immediate, localized immune responses. These lymphocytes not only provide rapid frontline defense but also present a paradoxical role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and the long-term tissue consequences of viral infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review traverses the intricate landscape of lung-resident lymphocytes, delving into their origins, diverse functions, and their dualistic impact on pulmonary health. We dissect their interactions with the microenvironment and the regulatory mechanisms guiding their activity, with an emphasis on their contribution to both immune protection and immunopathology. This review aims to elucidate the complex narrative of these cells, enhancing our understanding of the development of precise therapeutic strategies to combat acute and chronic pulmonary diseases. Through this exploration, the review aspires to shed light on the potential of harnessing lung-resident lymphocytes for the treatment of respiratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arka Sen Chaudhuri
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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12
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Jung SM, Kim SJ, Park YC, Seo ES, Kim CG, Kim T, Lee S, Cho E, Chang J, Yun CH, Shim BS, Cheon IS, Son YM. RSV Vaccine with Nanoparticle-Based Poly-Sorbitol Transporter (PST) Adjuvant Improves Respiratory Protection Against RSV Through Inducing Both Systemic and Mucosal Humoral Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1354. [PMID: 39772016 PMCID: PMC11680183 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12121354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes symptoms similar to a mild cold for adults, but in case of infants, it causes bronchitis and/or pneumonia, and in some cases, mortality. Mucosal immunity within the respiratory tract includes tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells and tissue-resident memory B (BRM) cells, which provides rapid and efficient protection against RSV re-infection. Therefore, vaccine strategies should aim to generate mucosal immune responses. However, the interactions between RSV vaccines and mucosal immune responses within the respiratory tract are poorly understood. We evaluated a mucosal immune system following immunization by RSV vaccine with poly-sorbitol transporter (RSV-PST), a nanoparticle adjuvant. Methods: We intranasally immunized the RSV-PST and identified the systemic and mucosal immune responses. Furthermore, we challenged with RSV A2 strain after immunization and investigated the protective effects. Results: Consequently, antigen-specific CD8+ TRM cells were markedly elevated in the lung parenchyma, yet exhibited impaired cytokine expression. In contrast, humoral immunity, with systemic antibody production from serum, but not in the respiratory tract, was significantly increased by RSV-PST immunization. Interestingly, the production of respiratory mucosal antigen-specific IgG after RSV A2 challenge dramatically increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the RSV-PST immunized group in the presence of FTY720, and the lung-infected RSV titer was significantly lower in this group. Furthermore, after RSV A2 challenge, CD69+ IgG+ BRM cells were significantly increased in lung tissues in the RSV-PST group. Conclusions: The RSV-PST vaccine has protective effects against RSV infection by promoting both systemic and local humoral immunity rather than cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Mook Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.); (Y.C.P.); (E.S.S.)
| | - Soo Ji Kim
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.J.K.); (T.K.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Young Chae Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.); (Y.C.P.); (E.S.S.)
| | - Eun Sang Seo
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.); (Y.C.P.); (E.S.S.)
| | - Cheol Gyun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (C.G.K.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Taewoo Kim
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.J.K.); (T.K.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Sumin Lee
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.J.K.); (T.K.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Eunjin Cho
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.J.K.); (T.K.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - Jun Chang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea;
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (C.G.K.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Byoung-Shik Shim
- Laboratory Sciences Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.J.K.); (T.K.); (B.-S.S.)
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Young Min Son
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17456, Republic of Korea; (S.-M.J.); (Y.C.P.); (E.S.S.)
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13
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Hoytema van Konijnenburg DP, Nigrovic PA, Zanoni I. Regional specialization within the mammalian respiratory immune system. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:871-891. [PMID: 39438172 PMCID: PMC11560516 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
The respiratory tract is exposed to infection from inhaled pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. So far, a comprehensive assessment that integrates common and distinct aspects of the immune response along different areas of the respiratory tract has been lacking. Here, we discuss key recent findings regarding anatomical, functional, and microbial factors driving regional immune adaptation in the mammalian respiratory system, how they differ between mice and humans, and the similarities and differences with the gastrointestinal tract. We demonstrate that, under evolutionary pressure, mammals evolved spatially organized immune defenses that vary between the upper and lower respiratory tract. Overall, we propose that the functional specialization of the immune response along the respiratory tract has fundamental implications for the management of infectious or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Ramirez SI, Faraji F, Hills LB, Lopez PG, Goodwin B, Stacey HD, Sutton HJ, Hastie KM, Saphire EO, Kim HJ, Mashoof S, Yan CH, DeConde AS, Levi G, Crotty S. Immunological memory diversity in the human upper airway. Nature 2024; 632:630-636. [PMID: 39085605 PMCID: PMC11895801 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The upper airway is an important site of infection, but immune memory in the human upper airway is poorly understood, with implications for COVID-19 and many other human diseases1-4. Here we demonstrate that nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs can be used to obtain insights into these challenging problems, and define distinct immune cell populations, including antigen-specific memory B cells and T cells, in two adjacent anatomical sites in the upper airway. Upper airway immune cell populations seemed stable over time in healthy adults undergoing monthly swabs for more than 1 year, and prominent tissue resident memory T (TRM) cell and B (BRM) cell populations were defined. Unexpectedly, germinal centre cells were identified consistently in many nasopharyngeal swabs. In subjects with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, local virus-specific BRM cells, plasma cells and germinal centre B cells were identified, with evidence of local priming and an enrichment of IgA+ memory B cells in upper airway compartments compared with blood. Local plasma cell populations were identified with transcriptional profiles of longevity. Local virus-specific memory CD4+ TRM cells and CD8+ TRM cells were identified, with diverse additional virus-specific T cells. Age-dependent upper airway immunological shifts were observed. These findings provide new understanding of immune memory at a principal mucosal barrier tissue in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney I Ramirez
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Benjamin Hills
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul G Lopez
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Goodwin
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hannah D Stacey
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry J Sutton
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Hastie
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sara Mashoof
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adam S DeConde
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gina Levi
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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15
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Cyster JG, Wilson PC. Antibody modulation of B cell responses-Incorporating positive and negative feedback. Immunity 2024; 57:1466-1481. [PMID: 38986442 PMCID: PMC11257158 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies are powerful modulators of ongoing and future B cell responses. While the concept of antibody feedback has been appreciated for over a century, the topic has seen a surge in interest due to the evidence that the broadening of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 after a third mRNA vaccination is a consequence of antibody feedback. Moreover, the discovery that slow antigen delivery can lead to more robust humoral immunity has put a spotlight on the capacity for early antibodies to augment B cell responses. Here, we review the mechanisms whereby antibody feedback shapes B cell responses, integrating findings in humans and in mouse models. We consider the major influence of epitope masking and the diverse actions of complement and Fc receptors and provide a framework for conceptualizing the ways antigen-specific antibodies may influence B cell responses to any form of antigen, in conditions as diverse as infectious disease, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Patrick C Wilson
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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MacLean AJ, Bonifacio JP, Oram SL, Mohsen MO, Bachmann MF, Arnon TI. Regulation of pulmonary plasma cell responses during secondary infection with influenza virus. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232014. [PMID: 38661717 PMCID: PMC11044945 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
During secondary infection with influenza virus, plasma cells (PCs) develop within the lung, providing a local source of antibodies. However, the site and mechanisms that regulate this process are poorly defined. Here, we show that while circulating memory B cells entered the lung during rechallenge and were activated within inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (iBALTs), resident memory B (BRM) cells responded earlier, and their activation occurred in a different niche: directly near infected alveoli. This process required NK cells but was largely independent of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Innate stimuli induced by virus-like particles containing ssRNA triggered BRM cell differentiation in the absence of cognate antigen, suggesting a low threshold of activation. In contrast, expansion of PCs in iBALTs took longer to develop and was critically dependent on CD4 T cells. Our work demonstrates that spatially distinct mechanisms evolved to support pulmonary secondary PC responses, and it reveals a specialized function for BRM cells as guardians of the alveoli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophia L. Oram
- University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, UK
| | - Mona O. Mohsen
- Department of Bio Medical Research, University of Bern, Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Jenner Institute, Oxford, UK
- Department of Bio Medical Research, University of Bern, Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tal I. Arnon
- University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, UK
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17
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Cao L, Pi W, Zhang Y, Yang L, Li Q, Wee Yong V, Xue M. Genetically predicted hypotaurine levels mediate the relationship between immune cells and intracerebral hemorrhage. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112049. [PMID: 38608476 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The evidence supports a strong link between immune cells and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Nonetheless, the specific cause-and-effect associations between immune cells and ICH remain indeterminate. Here, our primary investigation compared immune cell infiltration in the ICH and sham groups using the GSE24265 dataset. Afterward, we extensively examined the relationship between immune cells and ICH by applying a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to identify the particular immune cells that may be associated with the initiation and advancement of ICH. Nevertheless, the specific processes that regulate the cause-and-effect connection between immune cells and ICH remain unknown. In this study, our objective was to investigate the connections between immune cell characteristics and plasma metabolites, as well as the links between plasma components and ICH. Our investigation uncovered that the levels of hypotaurine play a key role in the advancement of ICH, influencing the ratio of switched memory B cells among lymphocytes. Thus, our findings provide novel insights into the potential biological mechanisms underlying immune cell-mediated ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Brain Injury, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenjun Pi
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Leiluo Yang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Brain Injury, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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18
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Ma J, Wu Y, Ma L, Yang X, Zhang T, Song G, Li T, Gao K, Shen X, Lin J, Chen Y, Liu X, Fu Y, Gu X, Chen Z, Jiang S, Rao D, Pan J, Zhang S, Zhou J, Huang C, Shi S, Fan J, Guo G, Zhang X, Gao Q. A blueprint for tumor-infiltrating B cells across human cancers. Science 2024; 384:eadj4857. [PMID: 38696569 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj4857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are essential mediators of humoral immunity and play multiple roles in human cancer. To decode the functions of tumor-infiltrating B cells, we generated a B cell blueprint encompassing single-cell transcriptome, B cell-receptor repertoire, and chromatin accessibility data across 20 different cancer types (477 samples, 269 patients). B cells harbored extraordinary heterogeneity and comprised 15 subsets, which could be grouped into two independent developmental paths (extrafollicular versus germinal center). Tumor types grouped into the extrafollicular pathway were linked with worse clinical outcomes and resistance to immunotherapy. The dysfunctional extrafollicular program was associated with glutamine-derived metabolites through epigenetic-metabolic cross-talk, which promoted a T cell-driven immunosuppressive program. These data suggest an intratumor B cell balance between extrafollicular and germinal-center responses and suggest that humoral immunity could possibly be harnessed for B cell-targeting immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Ma
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingcheng Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lifeng Ma
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xupeng Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tiancheng Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guohe Song
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Teng Li
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xia Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yamin Chen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuting Fu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xixi Gu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zechuan Chen
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dongning Rao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaomeng Pan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoji Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Stem Cell Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Iborra-Pernichi M, Ruiz García J, Velasco de la Esperanza M, Estrada BS, Bovolenta ER, Cifuentes C, Prieto Carro C, González Martínez T, García-Consuegra J, Rey-Stolle MF, Rupérez FJ, Guerra Rodriguez M, Argüello RJ, Cogliati S, Martín-Belmonte F, Martínez-Martín N. Defective mitochondria remodelling in B cells leads to an aged immune response. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2569. [PMID: 38519473 PMCID: PMC10960012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The B cell response in the germinal centre (GC) reaction requires a unique bioenergetic supply. Although mitochondria are remodelled upon antigen-mediated B cell receptor stimulation, mitochondrial function in B cells is still poorly understood. To gain a better understanding of the role of mitochondria in B cell function, here we generate mice with B cell-specific deficiency in Tfam, a transcription factor necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis. Tfam conditional knock-out (KO) mice display a blockage of the GC reaction and a bias of B cell differentiation towards memory B cells and aged-related B cells, hallmarks of an aged immune response. Unexpectedly, blocked GC reaction in Tfam KO mice is not caused by defects in the bioenergetic supply but is associated with a defect in the remodelling of the lysosomal compartment in B cells. Our results may thus describe a mitochondrial function for lysosome regulation and the downstream antigen presentation in B cells during the GC reaction, the dysruption of which is manifested as an aged immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Iborra-Pernichi
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan Ruiz García
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Velasco de la Esperanza
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén S Estrada
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena R Bovolenta
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Cifuentes
- Program of Interactions with the Environment, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Prieto Carro
- Program of Interactions with the Environment, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara González Martínez
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - José García-Consuegra
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rupérez
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Guerra Rodriguez
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa, " Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael J Argüello
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Sara Cogliati
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín-Belmonte
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Martínez-Martín
- Program of Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Intestinal Morphogenesis and Homeostasis Group, Area 3-Cancer, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Syeda MZ, Hong T, Huang C, Huang W, Mu Q. B cell memory: from generation to reactivation: a multipronged defense wall against pathogens. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:117. [PMID: 38453885 PMCID: PMC10920759 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of B cell memory is a conundrum that scientists are still exploring. Studies have been conducted in vitro and using advanced animal models to elucidate the mechanism underlying the generation of memory B cells (MBCs), the precise roles of MBCs against pathogens, and their protective functions against repeated infections throughout life. Lifelong immunity against invading diseases is mainly the result of overcoming a single infection. This protection is largely mediated by the two main components of B cell memory-MBCs and long-lived plasma cells (PCs). The chemical and cellular mechanisms that encourage fat selection for MBCs or long-lived PCs are an area of active research. Despite the fact that nearly all available vaccinations rely on the capacity to elicit B-cell memory, we have yet to develop successful vaccines that can induce broad-scale protective MBCs against some of the deadliest diseases, including malaria and AIDS. A deeper understanding of the specific cellular and molecular pathways that govern the generation, function, and reactivation of MBCs is critical for overcoming the challenges associated with vaccine development. Here, we reviewed literature on the development of MBCs and their reactivation, interaction with other cell types, strategies against invading pathogens, and function throughout life and discussed the recent advances regarding the key signals and transcription factors which regulate B cell memory and their relevance to the quest for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Zahra Syeda
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, 525200, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tu Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunming Huang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, 525200, China.
| | - Wenhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qingchun Mu
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, 525200, China.
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21
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Babushku T, Lechner M, Ehrenberg S, Rambold U, Schmidt-Supprian M, Yates AJ, Rane S, Zimber-Strobl U, Strobl LJ. Notch2 controls developmental fate choices between germinal center and marginal zone B cells upon immunization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1960. [PMID: 38438375 PMCID: PMC10912316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustained Notch2 signals induce trans-differentiation of Follicular B (FoB) cells into Marginal Zone B (MZB) cells in mice, but the physiology underlying this differentiation pathway is still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that most B cells receive a basal Notch signal, which is intensified in pre-MZB and MZB cells. Ablation or constitutive activation of Notch2 upon T-cell-dependent immunization reveals an interplay between antigen-induced activation and Notch2 signaling, in which FoB cells that turn off Notch2 signaling enter germinal centers (GC), while high Notch2 signaling leads to generation of MZB cells or to initiation of plasmablast differentiation. Notch2 signaling is dispensable for GC dynamics but appears to be re-induced in some centrocytes to govern expansion of IgG1+ GCB cells. Mathematical modelling suggests that antigen-activated FoB cells make a Notch2 dependent binary fate-decision to differentiate into either GCB or MZB cells. This bifurcation might serve as a mechanism to archive antigen-specific clones into functionally and spatially diverse B cell states to generate robust antibody and memory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Babushku
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Lechner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ehrenberg
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Rambold
- Institute of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Einsteinstraße 25, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew J Yates
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sanket Rane
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, 1190 Amsterdam Ave, New York, 10027, USA
| | - Ursula Zimber-Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Lothar J Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Research Group B Cell Development and Activation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 21, D-81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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22
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Kariyawasam HH, James LK. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: eosinophils versus B lymphocytes in disease pathogenesis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 24:15-24. [PMID: 38018818 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight the current evidence that supports the view that eosinophils may not drive disease in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and the emerging evidence for B cells as an important player in this disease. RECENT FINDINGS Eosinophil depletion studies in CRSwNP do not fully support a critical role for eosinophils in CRSwNP. Almost complete eosinophil depletion with dexpramipexole had no impact on polyp size reduction or clinical improvement. Anti-interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-5Rα inhibition were more effective though with less clinical impact when compared to anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) or IL-4Rα inhibition strategies. As IL-5Rα is also expressed on CRSwNP derived IgE+ and IgG4+ plasma cells to the same extent as eosinophils, improvements in CRSwNP with IL-5 inhibition may suggest a role for B cells over eosinophils in CRSwNP. We review both eosinophils and B cells in the context of CRSwNP and highlight the current evidence that supports an emerging role for B cells. SUMMARY Despite many aspects of immunopathology in CRSwNP explainable by B cell dysfunction, B cells have so far been ignored in CRSwNP. Further work is needed, as targeting B cells may offer an exciting new therapeutic option in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha H Kariyawasam
- Specialist Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal National ENT and Eastman Hospital, London
- Department of Rhinology, Royal National ENT and Eastman Hospital, London, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Louisa K James
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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23
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Chen Z, Yuan Y, Hu Q, Zhu A, Chen F, Li S, Guan X, Lv C, Tang T, He Y, Cheng J, Zheng J, Hu X, Zhao J, Zhao J, Sun J. SARS-CoV-2 immunity in animal models. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:119-133. [PMID: 38238440 PMCID: PMC10806257 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a worldwide health crisis due to its transmissibility. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in severe respiratory illness and can lead to significant complications in affected individuals. These complications encompass symptoms such as coughing, respiratory distress, fever, infectious shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and even multiple-organ failure. Animal models serve as crucial tools for investigating pathogenic mechanisms, immune responses, immune escape mechanisms, antiviral drug development, and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, various animal models for SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as nonhuman primates (NHPs), ferrets, hamsters, and many different mouse models, have been developed. Each model possesses distinctive features and applications. In this review, we elucidate the immune response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients and provide an overview of the characteristics of various animal models mainly used for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as the corresponding immune responses and applications of these models. A comparative analysis of transcriptomic alterations in the lungs from different animal models revealed that the K18-hACE2 and mouse-adapted virus mouse models exhibited the highest similarity with the deceased COVID-19 patients. Finally, we highlighted the current gaps in related research between animal model studies and clinical investigations, underscoring lingering scientific questions that demand further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Qingtao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Shu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Chao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Tian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Yiyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jinling Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China.
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510005, China.
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, National Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China.
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24
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Noh HE, Rha MS. Mucosal Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Respiratory Tract. Pathogens 2024; 13:113. [PMID: 38392851 PMCID: PMC10892713 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract, the first-line defense, is constantly exposed to inhaled allergens, pollutants, and pathogens such as respiratory viruses. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that the coordination of innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract plays a crucial role in the protection against invading respiratory pathogens. Therefore, a better understanding of mucosal immunity in the airways is critical for the development of novel therapeutics and next-generation vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses. Since the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, our knowledge of mucosal immune responses in the airways has expanded. In this review, we describe the latest knowledge regarding the key components of the mucosal immune system in the respiratory tract. In addition, we summarize the host immune responses in the upper and lower airways following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and discuss the impact of allergic airway inflammation on mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Eun Noh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Seok Rha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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25
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Abstract
Recent advances in studies of immune memory in mice and humans have reinforced the concept that memory B cells play a critical role in protection against repeated infections, particularly from variant viruses. Hence, insights into the development of high-quality memory B cells that can generate broadly neutralizing antibodies that bind such variants are key for successful vaccine development. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which memory B cells are generated and how these processes shape the antibody diversity and breadth of memory B cells. Then, we discuss the mechanisms of memory B cell reactivation in the context of established immune memory; the contribution of antibody feedback to this process has now begun to be reappreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Inoue
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Kanagawa, Japan.
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26
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Reyes RA, Batugedara G, Dutta P, Reers AB, Garza R, Ssewanyana I, Jagannathan P, Feeney ME, Greenhouse B, Bol S, Ay F, Bunnik EM. Atypical B cells consist of subsets with distinct functional profiles. iScience 2023; 26:108496. [PMID: 38098745 PMCID: PMC10720271 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical B cells are a population of activated B cells that are commonly enriched in individuals with chronic immune activation but are also part of a normal immune response to infection or vaccination. To better define the role of atypical B cells in the human adaptive immune response, we performed single-cell sequencing of transcriptomes, cell surface markers, and B cell receptors in individuals with chronic exposure to the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, a condition known to lead to accumulation of circulating atypical B cells. We identified three previously uncharacterized populations of atypical B cells with distinct transcriptional and functional profiles and observed marked differences among these three subsets in their ability to produce immunoglobulin G upon T-cell-dependent activation. Our findings help explain the conflicting observations in prior studies regarding the function of atypical B cells and highlight their different roles in the adaptive immune response in chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael A. Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Gayani Batugedara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Paramita Dutta
- Centers for Cancer Immunotherapy and Autoimmunity, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ashley B. Reers
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rolando Garza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Isaac Ssewanyana
- Infectious Disease Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Margaret E. Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Bol
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ferhat Ay
- Centers for Cancer Immunotherapy and Autoimmunity, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Evelien M. Bunnik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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27
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Shibasaki Y, Afanasyev S, Fernández-Montero A, Ding Y, Watanabe S, Takizawa F, Lamas J, Fontenla-Iglesias F, Leiro JM, Krasnov A, Boudinot P, Sunyer JO. Cold-blooded vertebrates evolved organized germinal center-like structures. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf1627. [PMID: 37910630 PMCID: PMC11152321 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) or analogous secondary lymphoid microstructures (SLMs) are thought to have evolved in endothermic species. However, living representatives of their ectothermic ancestors can mount potent secondary antibody responses upon infection or immunization, despite the apparent lack of SLMs in these cold-blooded vertebrates. How and where adaptive immune responses are induced in ectothermic species in the absence of GCs or analogous SLMs remain poorly understood. Here, we infected a teleost fish (trout) with the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) and identified the formation of large aggregates of highly proliferating IgM+ B cells and CD4+ T cells, contiguous to splenic melanomacrophage centers (MMCs). Most of these MMC-associated lymphoid aggregates (M-LAs) contained numerous antigen (Ag)-specific B cells. Analysis of the IgM heavy chain CDR3 repertoire of microdissected splenic M-LAs and non-M-LA areas revealed that the most frequent B cell clones induced after Ich infection were highly shared only within the M-LAs of infected animals. These M-LAs represented highly polyclonal SLMs in which Ag-specific B cell clonal expansion occurred. M-LA-associated B cells expressed high levels of activation-induced cytidine deaminase and underwent significant apoptosis, and somatic hypermutation of Igμ genes occurred prevalently in these cells. Our findings demonstrate that ectotherms evolved organized SLMs with GC-like roles. Moreover, our results also point to primordially conserved mechanisms by which M-LAs and mammalian polyclonal GCs develop and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shibasaki
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Sergei Afanasyev
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Behavioral Pathology, Torez 44, Saint-Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Alvaro Fernández-Montero
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shota Watanabe
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Jesús Lamas
- Department of Functional Biology, Institute of Aquaculture, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela E-15782, Spain
| | - Francisco Fontenla-Iglesias
- Department of Functional Biology, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela E-15782, Spain
| | - José Manuel Leiro
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela E-15782, Spain
| | | | - Pierre Boudinot
- Universite Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France
| | - J. Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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28
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Weill JC, Weller S, Reynaud CA. B cell diversification in gut-associated lymphoid tissues: From birds to humans. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20231501. [PMID: 37824081 PMCID: PMC10568490 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several species generate their preimmune repertoire in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), compensating a reduced germline V gene repertoire by post-rearrangement diversification mechanisms (gene conversion and/or somatic hypermutation) in these environments that act as primary lymphoid organs. We summarize here these processes for three different species (chickens, sheep, and rabbits) and further discuss the analogous process that T-independent B cell responses in humans represent: we indeed recently showed that response against bacterial polysaccharides mobilize marginal zone B cells that prediversified against gut antigens. While the initial diversification strategy differs in these two cases, i.e., repertoire formation driven by gut-derived mitotic signals vs. response against gut antigens, the common feature of these two processes is the mobilization of a B cell compartment prediversified in GALT for immune responses against distinct systemic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Weill
- Université Paris Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1151, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades , Paris, France
| | - Sandra Weller
- Université Paris Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1151, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades , Paris, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Université Paris Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1151, Centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR-8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades , Paris, France
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29
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Arroyo-Díaz NM, Bachus H, Papillion A, Randall TD, Akther J, Rosenberg AF, León B, Ballesteros-Tato A. Interferon-γ production by Tfh cells is required for CXCR3 + pre-memory B cell differentiation and subsequent lung-resident memory B cell responses. Immunity 2023; 56:2358-2372.e5. [PMID: 37699392 PMCID: PMC10592015 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung-resident memory B cells (lung-BRMs) differentiate into plasma cells after reinfection, providing enhanced pulmonary protection. Here, we investigated the determinants of lung-BRM differentiation upon influenza infection. Kinetic analyses revealed that influenza nucleoprotein (NP)-specific BRMs preferentially differentiated early after infection and required T follicular helper (Tfh) cell help. BRM differentiation temporally coincided with transient interferon (IFN)-γ production by Tfh cells. Depletion of IFN-γ in Tfh cells prevented lung-BRM differentiation and impaired protection against heterosubtypic infection. IFN-γ was required for expression of the transcription factor T-bet by germinal center (GC) B cells, which promoted differentiation of a CXCR3+ GC B cell subset that were precursors of lung-BRMs and CXCR3+ memory B cells in the mediastinal lymph node. Absence of IFN-γ signaling or T-bet in GC B cells prevented CXCR3+ pre-memory precursor development and hampered CXCR3+ memory B cell differentiation and subsequent lung-BRM responses. Thus, Tfh-cell-derived IFN-γ is critical for lung-BRM development and pulmonary immunity, with implications for vaccination strategies targeting BRMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Arroyo-Díaz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Holly Bachus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amber Papillion
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jobaida Akther
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Informatics Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - André Ballesteros-Tato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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30
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Playoust E, Remark R, Vivier E, Milpied P. Germinal center-dependent and -independent immune responses of tumor-infiltrating B cells in human cancers. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1040-1050. [PMID: 37419983 PMCID: PMC10468534 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells play essential roles in immunity, mainly through the production of high affinity plasma cells (PCs) and memory B (Bmem) cells. The affinity maturation and differentiation of B cells rely on the integration of B-cell receptor (BCR) intrinsic and extrinsic signals provided by antigen binding and the microenvironment, respectively. In recent years, tumor infiltrating B (TIL-B) cells and PCs (TIL-PCs) have been revealed as important players in antitumor responses in human cancers, but their interplay and dynamics remain largely unknown. In lymphoid organs, B-cell responses involve both germinal center (GC)-dependent and GC-independent pathways for Bmem cell and PC production. Affinity maturation of BCR repertoires occurs in GC reactions with specific spatiotemporal dynamics of signal integration by B cells. In general, the reactivation of high-affinity Bmem cells by antigens triggers GC-independent production of large numbers of PC without BCR rediversification. Understanding B-cell dynamics in immune responses requires the integration of multiple tools and readouts such as single-cell phenotyping and RNA-seq, in situ analyses, BCR repertoire analysis, BCR specificity and affinity assays, and functional tests. Here, we review how those tools have recently been applied to study TIL-B cells and TIL-PC in different types of solid tumors. We assessed the published evidence for different models of TIL-B-cell dynamics involving GC-dependent or GC-independent local responses and the resulting production of antigen-specific PCs. Altogether, we highlight the need for more integrative B-cell immunology studies to rationally investigate TIL-B cells as a leverage for antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Playoust
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | | | - Eric Vivier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Milpied
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
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31
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Xu J, Xie L. Advances in immune response to pulmonary infection: Nonspecificity, specificity and memory. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:71-81. [PMID: 37305110 PMCID: PMC10249196 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung immune response consists of various cells involved in both innate and adaptive immune processes. Innate immunity participates in immune resistance in a nonspecific manner, whereas adaptive immunity effectively eliminates pathogens through specific recognition. It was previously believed that adaptive immune memory plays a leading role during secondary infections; however, innate immunity is also involved in immune memory. Trained immunity refers to the long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells caused by the first infection, which alters the immune response during the second challenge. Tissue resilience limits the tissue damage caused by infection by controlling excessive inflammation and promoting tissue repair. In this review, we summarize the impact of host immunity on the pathophysiological processes of pulmonary infections and discuss the latest progress in this regard. In addition to the factors influencing pathogenic microorganisms, we emphasize the importance of the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Xu
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, 8th Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
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32
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Pilapitiya D, Wheatley AK, Tan HX. Mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: triumph of hope over experience. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104585. [PMID: 37146404 PMCID: PMC10154910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally induce robust systemic humoral and cellular responses. While highly effective against severe disease, there is reduced effectiveness of these vaccines in preventing breakthrough infection and/or onward transmission, likely due to poor immunity elicited at the respiratory mucosa. As such, there has been considerable interest in developing novel mucosal vaccines that engenders more localised immune responses to provide better protection and recall responses at the site of virus entry, in contrast to traditional vaccine approaches that focus on systemic immunity. In this review, we explore the adaptive components of mucosal immunity, evaluate epidemiological studies to dissect if mucosal immunity conferred by parenteral vaccination or respiratory infection drives differential efficacy against virus acquisition or transmission, discuss mucosal vaccines undergoing clinical trials and assess key challenges and prospects for mucosal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaki Pilapitiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
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33
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Reusch L, Angeletti D. Memory B-cell diversity: From early generation to tissue residency and reactivation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250085. [PMID: 36811174 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) have a crucial function in providing an enhanced response to repeated infections. Upon antigen encounter, MBC can either rapidly differentiate to antibody secreting cells or enter germinal centers (GC) to further diversify and affinity mature. Understanding how and when MBC are formed, where they reside and how they select their fate upon reactivation has profound implications for designing strategies to improve targeted, next-generation vaccines. Recent studies have crystallized much of our knowledge on MBC but also reported several surprising discoveries and gaps in our current understanding. Here, we review the latest advancements in the field and highlight current unknowns. In particular, we focus on timing and cues leading to MBC generation before and during the GC reaction, discuss how MBC become resident in mucosal tissues, and finally, provide an overview of factors shaping MBC fate-decision upon reactivation in mucosal and lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reusch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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34
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T-cell-B-cell collaboration in the lung. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 81:102284. [PMID: 36753826 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Collaboration between T and B cells in secondary lymphoid organs is a crucial component of adaptive immunity, but lymphocytes also persist in other tissues. Recent studies have examined T-cell-B-cell interactions in nonlymphoid tissues such as the lung. CD4+ T- resident helper cells (TRH) remain in the lung after influenza infection and support both resident CD8 T cells and B cells. Multiple lung-resident B-cell subsets (B-resident memory (BRM)) that exhibit spatial and phenotypic diversity have also been described. Though not generated by all types of infection, inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue offers a logical place for T and B cells to interact. Perturbations to BRM and TRH cells elicit effects specific to Immunoglobulin A (IgA) production, an antibody isotype with privileged access to mucosa. Understanding the interplay of lymphocytes in mucosal tissues, which can be insulated from systemic immune responses, may improve the design of future vaccines and therapies.
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35
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Swadling L, Maini MK. Can T Cells Abort SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4371. [PMID: 36901802 PMCID: PMC10002440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the highly infectious nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it is clear that some individuals with potential exposure, or even experimental challenge with the virus, resist developing a detectable infection. While a proportion of seronegative individuals will have completely avoided exposure to the virus, a growing body of evidence suggests a subset of individuals are exposed, but mediate rapid viral clearance before the infection is detected by PCR or seroconversion. This type of "abortive" infection likely represents a dead-end in transmission and precludes the possibility for development of disease. It is, therefore, a desirable outcome on exposure and a setting in which highly effective immunity can be studied. Here, we describe how early sampling of a new pandemic virus using sensitive immunoassays and a novel transcriptomic signature can identify abortive infections. Despite the challenges in identifying abortive infections, we highlight diverse lines of evidence supporting their occurrence. In particular, expansion of virus-specific T cells in seronegative individuals suggests abortive infections occur not only after exposure to SARS-CoV-2, but for other coronaviridae, and diverse viral infections of global health importance (e.g., HIV, HCV, HBV). We discuss unanswered questions related to abortive infection, such as: 'Are we just missing antibodies? Are T cells an epiphenomenon? What is the influence of the dose of viral inoculum?' Finally, we argue for a refinement of the current paradigm that T cells are only involved in clearing established infection; instead, we emphasise the importance of considering their role in terminating early viral replication by studying abortive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mala K. Maini
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Pears Building, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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36
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Henry B, Laidlaw BJ. Functional heterogeneity in the memory B-cell response. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 80:102281. [PMID: 36652774 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Most vaccines induce robust antibody and memory B-cell (MBC) responses that are capable of mediating protective immunity. However, antibody titers wane following vaccination necessitating the administration of booster vaccines to maintain a protective antibody titer. MBCs are stably maintained following vaccination and can rapidly give rise to antibody-secreting cells or undergo further affinity maturation upon antigen re-encounter. Repeated antigen encounter results in the development of MBCs that encode antibodies capable of mediating broadly protective immunity against viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. Here, we summarize emerging evidence that MBCs are a heterogeneous population composed of transcriptionally and phenotypically distinct subsets that have discrete roles in mediating protective immunity upon antigen re-encounter and examine the implications of these findings for the development of vaccines capable of eliciting broadly protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Henry
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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37
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Valeri V, Sochon A, Cousu C, Chappert P, Lecoeuche D, Blanc P, Weill JC, Reynaud CA. The whole-cell pertussis vaccine imposes a broad effector B cell response in mouse heterologous prime-boost settings. JCI Insight 2022; 7:157034. [PMID: 36136586 PMCID: PMC9675447 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ÍSince the introduction of new generation pertussis vaccines, resurgence of pertussis has been observed in many developed countries. Former whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines are able to protect against disease and transmission but have been replaced in several industrialized countries because of their reactogenicity and adverse effects. Current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, made of purified proteins of Bordetella pertussis, are efficient at preventing disease but fail to induce long-term protection from infection. While the systemic and mucosal T cell immunity induced by the 2 types of vaccines has been well described, much less is known concerning B cell responses. Taking advantage of an inducible activation-induced cytidine deaminase fate-mapping mouse model, we compared effector and memory B cells induced by the 2 classes of vaccines and showed that a stronger and broader memory B cell and plasma cell response was achieved by a wP prime. We also observed that homologous or heterologous vaccine combinations that include at least 1 wP administration, even as a booster dose, were sufficient to induce this broad effector response, thus highlighting its dominant imprint on the B cell profile. Finally, we describe the settlement of memory B cell populations in the lung following subcutaneous wP prime vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Valeri
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Akhésa Sochon
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Clara Cousu
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Chappert
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Damiana Lecoeuche
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Claude Weill
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151/CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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38
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Abstract
Barrier tissues are the primary site of infection for pathogens likely to cause future pandemics. Tissue-resident lymphocytes can rapidly detect pathogens upon infection of barrier tissues and are critical in preventing viral spread. However, most vaccines fail to induce tissue-resident lymphocytes and are instead reliant on circulating antibodies to mediate protective immunity. Circulating antibody titers wane over time following vaccination leaving individuals susceptible to breakthrough infections by variant viral strains that evade antibody neutralization. Memory B cells were recently found to establish tissue residence following infection of barrier tissues. Here, we summarize emerging evidence for the importance of tissue-resident memory B cells in the establishment of protective immunity against viral and bacterial challenge. We also discuss the role of tissue-resident memory B cells in regulating the progression of non-infectious diseases. Finally, we examine new approaches to develop vaccines capable of eliciting barrier immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Brian J Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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