1
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Rahman MA, Bissa M, Scinto H, Howe SE, Sarkis S, Ma ZM, Gutowska A, Jiang X, Luo CC, Schifanella L, Moles R, Silva de Castro I, Basu S, N'guessan KF, Williams LD, Becerra-Flores M, Doster MN, Hoang T, Choo-Wosoba H, Woode E, Sui Y, Tomaras GD, Paquin-Proulx D, Rao M, Talton JD, Kong XP, Zolla-Pazner S, Cardozo T, Franchini G, Berzofsky JA. Loss of HIV candidate vaccine efficacy in male macaques by mucosal nanoparticle immunization rescued by V2-specific response. Nat Commun 2024; 15:9102. [PMID: 39438480 PMCID: PMC11496677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 10/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic vaccination of macaques with V1-deleted (ΔV1) envelope immunogens reduce the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition by approximately 60%, with protective roles played by V2-specific ADCC and envelope-specific mucosal IL-17+NKp44+ innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). We investigated whether increased mucosal responses to V2 benefit vaccine efficacy by delivering oral nanoparticles (NPs) that release V2-scaffolded on Typhoid Toxin B (TTB) to the large intestine. Strikingly, mucosal immunization of male macaques abrogated vaccine efficacy with control TTB or empty NPs, but vaccine efficacy of up to 47.6% was preserved with V2-TTB NPs. The deleterious effects of NPs were linked to preferential recruitment of mucosal plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), reduction of protective mucosal NKp44+ ILCs, increased non-protective mucosal PMA/Ionomycin-induced IFN-γ+NKG2A-NKp44-ILCs, and increased levels of mucosal activated Ki67+CD4+ T cells, a potential target for virus infection. V2-TTB NP mucosal boosting rescued vaccine efficacy, likely via high avidity V2-specific antibodies mediating ADCC, and higher frequencies of mucosal NKp44+ ILCs and of ∆V1gp120 binding antibody-secreting B cells in the rectal mucosa. These findings emphasize the central role of systemic immunization and mucosal V2-specific antibodies in the protection afforded by ΔV1 envelope immunogens and encourage careful evaluation of vaccine delivery platforms to avoid inducing immune responses favorable to HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanna Scinto
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Savannah E Howe
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xunqing Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina C Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramona Moles
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shraddha Basu
- United States Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kombo F N'guessan
- United States Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - LaTonya D Williams
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Melvin N Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Office of Collaborative Biostatistics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel Woode
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- United States Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- United States Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, New York, USA
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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Rahman MA, Silva de Castro I, Schifanella L, Bissa M, Franchini G. Vaccine induced mucosal and systemic memory NK/ILCs elicit decreased risk of SIV/SHIV acquisition. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1441793. [PMID: 39301032 PMCID: PMC11410642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1441793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
SIV and HIV-based envelope V1-deleted (ΔV1) vaccines, delivered systemically by the DNA/ALVAC/gp120 platform, decrease the risk of mucosal SIV or SHIV acquisition more effectively than V1-replete vaccines. Here we investigated the induction of mucosal and systemic memory-like NK cells as well as antigen-reactive ILC response by DNA/ALVAC/gp120-based vaccination and their role against SIV/SHIV infection. ΔV1 HIV vaccination elicited a higher level of mucosal TNF-α+ and CD107+ memory-like NK cells than V1-replete vaccination, suggesting immunogen dependence. Mucosal memory-like NK cells, systemic granzyme B+ memory NK cells, and vaccine-induced mucosal envelope antigen-reactive IL-17+ NKp44+ ILCs, IL-17+ ILC3s, and IL-13+ ILC2 subsets were linked to a lower risk of virus acquisition. Additionally, mucosal memory-like NK cells and mucosal env-reactive IFN-γ+ ILC1s and env- reactive IL-13+ ILC2 subsets correlated with viral load control. We further observed a positive correlation between post-vaccination systemic and mucosal memory-like NK cells, suggesting vaccination enhances the presence of these cells in both compartments. Mucosal and systemic memory-like NK cells positively correlated with V2-specific ADCC responses, a reproducible correlate of reduced risk of SIV/HIV infection. In contrast, an increased risk was associated with the level of mucosal PMA/Ionomycin-induced IFN-γ+ and CD107+ NKG2A-NKp44- ILCs. Plasma proteomic analyses demonstrated that suppression of mucosal memory-like NK cells was linked to the level of CCL-19, LT-α, TNFSF-12, and IL-15, suppression of systemic env-reactive granzyme B+ memory-like NK cells was associated with the level of OLR1, CCL-3, and OSM, and suppression of IL-17+ ILCs immunity was correlated with the level of IL-6 and CXCL-9. In contrast, FLT3 ligand was associated with promotion of protective mucosal env-reactive IL-17+ responses. These findings emphasize the importance of mucosal memory-like NK cell and envelope- reactive ILC responses for protection against mucosal SIV/SHIV acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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3
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Alles M, Gunasena M, Isckarus C, De Silva I, Board S, Mulhern W, Collins PL, Demberg T, Liyanage NPM. Novel Oral Adjuvant to Enhance Cytotoxic Memory-Like NK Cell Responses in an HIV Vaccine Platform. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.11.593683. [PMID: 38798447 PMCID: PMC11118904 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.11.593683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and antibodies, emerged as a secondary correlate of protection in the RV144 HIV vaccine clinical trial, the only vaccine thus far demonstrating some efficacy in human. Therefore, leveraging NK cells with enhanced cytotoxic effector responses may bolster vaccine induced protection against HIV. Here, we investigated the effect of orally administering indole-3-carbinol (I3C), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist, as an adjuvant to an RV144-like vaccine platform in a mouse model. We demonstrate the expansion of KLRG1-expressing NK cells induced by the vaccine together with I3C. This NK cell subset exhibited enhanced vaccine antigen-specific cytotoxic memory-like features. Our study underscores the potential of incorporating I3C as an oral adjuvant to HIV vaccine platforms to enhance antigen-specific (memory-like) cytotoxicity of NK cells against HIV-infected cells. This approach may contribute to enhancing the protective efficacy of HIV preventive vaccines against HIV acquisition.
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4
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Bai H, Lewitus E, Li Y, Thomas PV, Zemil M, Merbah M, Peterson CE, Thuraisamy T, Rees PA, Hajduczki A, Dussupt V, Slike B, Mendez-Rivera L, Schmid A, Kavusak E, Rao M, Smith G, Frey J, Sims A, Wieczorek L, Polonis V, Krebs SJ, Ake JA, Vasan S, Bolton DL, Joyce MG, Townsley S, Rolland M. Contemporary HIV-1 consensus Env with AI-assisted redesigned hypervariable loops promote antibody binding. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3924. [PMID: 38724518 PMCID: PMC11082178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An effective HIV-1 vaccine must elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against highly diverse Envelope glycoproteins (Env). Since Env with the longest hypervariable (HV) loops is more resistant to the cognate bnAbs than Env with shorter HV loops, we redesigned hypervariable loops for updated Env consensus sequences of subtypes B and C and CRF01_AE. Using modeling with AlphaFold2, we reduced the length of V1, V2, and V5 HV loops while maintaining the integrity of the Env structure and glycan shield, and modified the V4 HV loop. Spacers are designed to limit strain-specific targeting. All updated Env are infectious as pseudoviruses. Preliminary structural characterization suggests that the modified HV loops have a limited impact on Env's conformation. Binding assays show improved binding to modified subtype B and CRF01_AE Env but not to subtype C Env. Neutralization assays show increases in sensitivity to bnAbs, although not always consistently across clades. Strikingly, the HV loop modification renders the resistant CRF01_AE Env sensitive to 10-1074 despite the absence of a glycan at N332.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Bai
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Eric Lewitus
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Yifan Li
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Paul V Thomas
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Michelle Zemil
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Mélanie Merbah
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Caroline E Peterson
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Thujitha Thuraisamy
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Phyllis A Rees
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Bonnie Slike
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Annika Schmid
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Erin Kavusak
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Mekhala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Gabriel Smith
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Jessica Frey
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Alicea Sims
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Victoria Polonis
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Julie A Ake
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Diane L Bolton
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
- Emerging Infectious Disease Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Samantha Townsley
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Morgane Rolland
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
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5
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Jain S, Uritskiy G, Mahalingam M, Batra H, Chand S, Trinh HV, Beck C, Shin WH, Alsalmi W, Kijak G, Eller LA, Kim J, Kihara D, Tovanabutra S, Ferrari G, Robb ML, Rao M, Rao VB. A remarkable genetic shift in a transmitted/founder virus broadens antibody responses against HIV-1. eLife 2024; 13:RP92379. [PMID: 38619110 PMCID: PMC11018346 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A productive HIV-1 infection in humans is often established by transmission and propagation of a single transmitted/founder (T/F) virus, which then evolves into a complex mixture of variants during the lifetime of infection. An effective HIV-1 vaccine should elicit broad immune responses in order to block the entry of diverse T/F viruses. Currently, no such vaccine exists. An in-depth study of escape variants emerging under host immune pressure during very early stages of infection might provide insights into such a HIV-1 vaccine design. Here, in a rare longitudinal study involving HIV-1 infected individuals just days after infection in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, we discovered a remarkable genetic shift that resulted in near complete disappearance of the original T/F virus and appearance of a variant with H173Y mutation in the variable V2 domain of the HIV-1 envelope protein. This coincided with the disappearance of the first wave of strictly H173-specific antibodies and emergence of a second wave of Y173-specific antibodies with increased breadth. Structural analyses indicated conformational dynamism of the envelope protein which likely allowed selection of escape variants with a conformational switch in the V2 domain from an α-helix (H173) to a β-strand (Y173) and induction of broadly reactive antibody responses. This differential breadth due to a single mutational change was also recapitulated in a mouse model. Rationally designed combinatorial libraries containing 54 conformational variants of V2 domain around position 173 further demonstrated increased breadth of antibody responses elicited to diverse HIV-1 envelope proteins. These results offer new insights into designing broadly effective HIV-1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jain
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Gherman Uritskiy
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Marthandan Mahalingam
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Himanshu Batra
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Subhash Chand
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Hung V Trinh
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineBethesdaUnited States
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Charles Beck
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Woong-Hee Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
- Department of Chemistry Education, Sunchon National UniversitySuncheonRepublic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Components and Materials Engineering, Sunchon National UniversitySuncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Wadad Alsalmi
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
| | - Gustavo Kijak
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineBethesdaUnited States
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Leigh A Eller
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jerome Kim
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Daisuke Kihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteUnited States
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineBethesdaUnited States
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Merlin L Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military MedicineBethesdaUnited States
| | - Mangala Rao
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringUnited States
| | - Venigalla B Rao
- Bacteriophage Medical Research Center, Department of Biology, The Catholic University of AmericaWashingtonUnited States
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6
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Grunst MW, Gil HM, Grandea AG, Snow BJ, Andrabi R, Nedellec R, Burton I, Clark NM, Janaka SK, Keles NK, Moriarty RV, Weiler AM, Capuano S, Fennessey CM, Friedrich TC, O’Connor SL, O’Connor DH, Broman AT, Keele BF, Lifson JD, Hangartner L, Burton DR, Evans DT. Potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of a V2-specific antibody is not sufficient for protection of macaques against SIV challenge. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011819. [PMID: 38252675 PMCID: PMC10833561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fc-mediated antibody effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), can contribute to the containment HIV-1 replication but whether such activities are sufficient for protection is unclear. We previously identified an antibody to the variable 2 (V2) apex of the HIV-1 Env trimer (PGT145) that potently directs the lysis of SIV-infected cells by NK cells but poorly neutralizes SIV infectivity. To determine if ADCC is sufficient for protection, separate groups of six rhesus macaques were treated with PGT145 or a control antibody (DEN3) by intravenous infusion followed five days later by intrarectal challenge with SIVmac239. Despite high concentrations of PGT145 and potent ADCC activity in plasma on the day of challenge, all animals became infected and viral loads did not differ between the PGT145- and DEN3-treated animals. To determine if PGT145 can protect against a neutralization-sensitive virus, two additional groups of six macaques were treated with PGT145 and DEN3 and challenged with an SIVmac239 variant with a single amino acid change in Env (K180S) that increases PGT145 binding and renders the virus susceptible to neutralization by this antibody. Although there was no difference in virus acquisition, peak and chronic phase viral loads were significantly lower and time to peak viremia was significantly delayed in the PGT145-treated animals compared to the DEN3-treated control animals. Env changes were also selected in the PGT145-treated animals that confer resistance to both neutralization and ADCC. These results show that ADCC is not sufficient for protection by this V2-specific antibody. However, protection may be achieved by increasing the affinity of antibody binding to Env above the threshold required for neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Grunst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hwi Min Gil
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andres G. Grandea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Snow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Raiees Andrabi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Nedellec
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Iszac Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Natasha M. Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sanath Kumar Janaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nida K. Keles
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ryan V. Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Saverio Capuano
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christine M. Fennessey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Aimee T. Broman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis R. Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative Neutralizing Antibody Center, the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD) and Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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7
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Bissa M, Galli V, Schifanella L, Vaccari M, Rahman MA, Gorini G, Binello N, Sarkis S, Gutowska A, Silva de Castro I, Doster MN, Moles R, Ferrari G, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, N’guessan KF, Paquin-Proulx D, Kozlowski PA, Venzon DJ, Choo-Wosoba H, Breed MW, Kramer J, Franchini G. In Vivo Treatment with Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Reduces CCR5 Expression on Vaccine-Induced Activated CD4 + T-Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1662. [PMID: 38005994 PMCID: PMC10675829 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
At the heart of the DNA/ALVAC/gp120/alum vaccine's efficacy in the absence of neutralizing antibodies is a delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses that effectively decreases the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition in macaques. Vaccine efficacy is linked to antibodies recognizing the V2 helical conformation, DC-10 tolerogenic dendritic cells eliciting the clearance of apoptotic cells via efferocytosis, and CCR5 downregulation on vaccine-induced gut homing CD4+ cells. RAS activation is also linked to vaccine efficacy, which prompted the testing of IGF-1, a potent inducer of RAS activation with vaccination. We found that IGF-1 changed the hierarchy of V1/V2 epitope recognition and decreased both ADCC specific for helical V2 and efferocytosis. Remarkably, IGF-1 also reduced the expression of CCR5 on vaccine-induced CD4+ gut-homing T-cells, compensating for its negative effect on ADCC and efferocytosis and resulting in equivalent vaccine efficacy (71% with IGF-1 and 69% without).
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Galli
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Tulane National Primate Center & School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70118, USA
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolò Binello
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramona Moles
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kombo F. N’guessan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew W. Breed
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Joshua Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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8
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Sokolovska L, Isaguliants M, Buonaguro FM. Proceedings of the Online Conference "Vaccines and Vaccination during and Post COVID Pandemics" (7-9 December 2022). Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1175. [PMID: 37514990 PMCID: PMC10383049 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic put focus on various aspects of vaccine research and development. These include mass vaccination strategies, vaccination compliance and hesitancy, acceptance of novel vaccine approaches, preclinical and animal models used to assess vaccine safety and efficacy, and many other related issues. These issues were addressed by the international online conference "Vaccines and Vaccination During and Post COVID Pandemics" (VAC&VAC 2022) held on the platform of Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia. Conference was supported by the International Society for Vaccines, the National Cancer Institute "Fondazione Pascale" (Naples, Italy), and the scientific journal VACCINES (mdpi). VAC&VAC 2022 attracted nearly 150 participants from 14 countries. This report summarizes conference presentations and their discussion. Sessions covered the topics of (1) COVID-19 vaccine development, evaluation, and attitude towards these vaccines, (2) HPV and cancer vaccines, (3) progress and challenges of HIV vaccine development, (4) new and re-emerging infectious threats, and (5) novel vaccine vehicles, adjuvants, and carriers. Each session was introduced by a plenary lecture from renowned experts from leading research institutions worldwide. The conference also included sessions on research funding and grant writing and an early career researcher contest in which the winners received monetary awards and a chance to publish their results free of charge in the special issue of VACCINES covering the meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liba Sokolovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Maria Isaguliants
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Franco M Buonaguro
- Experimental Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute 'Fondazione Pascale', 80131 Naples, Italy
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9
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Grunst MW, Ladd RA, Clark NM, Gil HM, Klenchin VA, Mason R, Franchini G, Roederer M, Evans DT. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, infected cell binding and neutralization by antibodies to the SIV envelope glycoprotein. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011407. [PMID: 37253062 PMCID: PMC10256149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies specific for diverse epitopes of the simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein (SIV Env) have been isolated from rhesus macaques to provide physiologically relevant reagents for investigating antibody-mediated protection in this species as a nonhuman primate model for HIV/AIDS. With increasing interest in the contribution of Fc-mediated effector functions to protective immunity, we selected thirty antibodies representing different classes of SIV Env epitopes for a comparison of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), binding to Env on the surface of infected cells and neutralization of viral infectivity. These activities were measured against cells infected with neutralization-sensitive (SIVmac316 and SIVsmE660-FL14) and neutralization-resistant (SIVmac239 and SIVsmE543-3) viruses representing genetically distinct isolates. Antibodies to the CD4-binding site and CD4-inducible epitopes were identified with especially potent ADCC against all four viruses. ADCC correlated well with antibody binding to virus-infected cells. ADCC also correlated with neutralization. However, several instances of ADCC without detectable neutralization or neutralization without detectable ADCC were observed. The incomplete correspondence between ADCC and neutralization shows that some antibody-Env interactions can uncouple these antiviral activities. Nevertheless, the overall correlation between neutralization and ADCC implies that most antibodies that are capable of binding to Env on the surface of virions to block infectivity are also capable of binding to Env on the surface of virus-infected cells to direct their elimination by ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Grunst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ruby A. Ladd
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Natasha M. Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hwi Min Gil
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Vadim A. Klenchin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Rosemarie Mason
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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10
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Rahman MA, Bissa M, Silva de Castro I, Helmold Hait S, Stamos JD, Bhuyan F, Hunegnaw R, Sarkis S, Gutowska A, Doster MN, Moles R, Hoang T, Miller Jenkins LM, Appella E, Venzon DJ, Choo-Wosoba H, Cardozo T, Baum MM, Appella DH, Robert-Guroff M, Franchini G. Vaccine plus microbicide effective in preventing vaginal SIV transmission in macaques. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:905-918. [PMID: 37024617 PMCID: PMC10159859 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus epidemic continues in sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly affects adolescent girls and women who have limited access to antiretroviral therapy. Here we report that the risk of vaginal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac251 acquisition is reduced by more than 90% using a combination of a vaccine comprising V1-deleted (V2 enhanced) SIV envelope immunogens with topical treatment of the zinc-finger inhibitor SAMT-247. Following 14 weekly intravaginal exposures to the highly pathogenic SIVmac251, 80% of a cohort of 20 macaques vaccinated and treated with SAMT-247 remained uninfected. In an arm of 18 vaccinated-only animals without microbicide, 40% of macaques remained uninfected. The combined SAMT-247/vaccine regimen was significantly more effective than vaccination alone. By analysing immune correlates of protection, we show that, by increasing zinc availability, SAMT-247 increases natural killer cytotoxicity and monocyte efferocytosis, and decreases T-cell activation to augment vaccine-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James D Stamos
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farzana Bhuyan
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Hunegnaw
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melvin N Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramona Moles
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ettore Appella
- Chemical Immunology Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc M Baum
- Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Appella
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Stamos JD, Rahman MA, Gorini G, Silva de Castro I, Becerra-Flores M, Van Wazer DJ, N’Guessan KF, Clark NM, Bissa M, Gutowska A, Mason RD, Kim J, Rao M, Roederer M, Paquin-Proulx D, Evans DT, Cicala C, Arthos J, Kwong PD, Zhou T, Cardozo T, Franchini G. Effect of Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Recognizing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) V2 in CH59-Like Coil/Helical or β-Sheet Conformations on Time of SIV mac251 Acquisition. J Virol 2023; 97:e0186422. [PMID: 36976017 PMCID: PMC10134845 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01864-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) NCI05 and NCI09, isolated from a vaccinated macaque that was protected from multiple simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) challenges, both target an overlapping, conformationally dynamic epitope in SIV envelope variable region 2 (V2). Here, we show that NCI05 recognizes a CH59-like coil/helical epitope, whereas NCI09 recognizes a β-hairpin linear epitope. In vitro, NCI05 and, to a lesser extent, NCI09 mediate the killing of SIV-infected cells in a CD4-dependent manner. Compared to NCI05, NCI09 mediates higher titers of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to gp120-coated cells, as well as higher levels of trogocytosis, a monocyte function that contributes to immune evasion. We also found that passive administration of NCI05 or NCI09 to macaques did not affect the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition compared to controls, demonstrating that these anti-V2 antibodies alone are not protective. However, NCI05 but not NCI09 mucosal levels strongly correlated with delayed SIVmac251 acquisition, and functional and structural data suggest that NCI05 targets a transient state of the viral spike apex that is partially opened, compared to its prefusion-closed conformation. IMPORTANCE Studies suggest that the protection against SIV/simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) acquisition afforded by the SIV/HIV V1 deletion-containing envelope immunogens, delivered by the DNA/ALVAC vaccine platform, requires multiple innate and adaptive host responses. Anti-inflammatory macrophages and tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC-10), together with CD14+ efferocytes, are consistently found to correlate with a vaccine-induced decrease in the risk of SIV/SHIV acquisition. Similarly, V2-specific antibody responses mediating ADCC, Th1 and Th2 cells expressing no or low levels of CCR5, and envelope-specific NKp44+ cells producing interleukin 17 (IL-17) also are reproducible correlates of decreased risk of virus acquisition. We focused on the function and the antiviral potential of two monoclonal antibodies (NCI05 and NCI09) isolated from vaccinated animals that differ in antiviral function in vitro and recognize V2 in a linear (NCI09) or coil/helical (NCI05) conformation. We demonstrate that NCI05, but not NCI09, delays SIVmac251 acquisition, highlighting the complexity of antibody responses to V2.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Stamos
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Manuel Becerra-Flores
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - David J. Van Wazer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kombo F. N’Guessan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Innate Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Natasha M. Clark
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rosemarie D. Mason
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiae Kim
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mangala Rao
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Innate Immunology Laboratory, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - David T. Evans
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Rahman MA, Becerra-Flores M, Patskovsky Y, Silva de Castro I, Bissa M, Basu S, Shen X, Williams LD, Sarkis S, N’guessan KF, LaBranche C, Tomaras GD, Aye PP, Veazey R, Paquin-Proulx D, Rao M, Franchini G, Cardozo T. Cholera toxin B scaffolded, focused SIV V2 epitope elicits antibodies that influence the risk of SIV mac251 acquisition in macaques. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139402. [PMID: 37153584 PMCID: PMC10160393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction An efficacious HIV vaccine will need to elicit a complex package of innate, humoral, and cellular immune responses. This complex package of responses to vaccine candidates has been studied and yielded important results, yet it has been a recurring challenge to determine the magnitude and protective effect of specific in vivo immune responses in isolation. We therefore designed a single, viral-spike-apical, epitope-focused V2 loop immunogen to reveal individual vaccine-elicited immune factors that contribute to protection against HIV/SIV. Method We generated a novel vaccine by incorporating the V2 loop B-cell epitope in the cholera toxin B (CTB) scaffold and compared two new immunization regimens to a historically protective 'standard' vaccine regimen (SVR) consisting of 2xDNA prime boosted with 2xALVAC-SIV and 1xΔV1gp120. We immunized a cohort of macaques with 5xCTB-V2c vaccine+alum intramuscularly simultaneously with topical intrarectal vaccination of CTB-V2c vaccine without alum (5xCTB-V2/alum). In a second group, we tested a modified version of the SVR consisting of 2xDNA prime and boosted with 1xALVAC-SIV and 2xALVAC-SIV+CTB-V2/alum, (DA/CTB-V2c/alum). Results In the absence of any other anti-viral antibodies, V2c epitope was highly immunogenic when incorporated in the CTB scaffold and generated highly functional anti-V2c antibodies in the vaccinated animals. 5xCTB-V2c/alum vaccination mediated non-neutralizing ADCC activity and efferocytosis, but produced low avidity, trogocytosis, and no neutralization of tier 1 virus. Furthermore, DA/CTB-V2c/alum vaccination also generated lower total ADCC activity, avidity, and neutralization compared to the SVR. These data suggest that the ΔV1gp120 boost in the SVR yielded more favorable immune responses than its CTB-V2c counterpart. Vaccination with the SVR generates CCR5- α4β7+CD4+ Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, which are less likely to be infected by SIV/HIV and likely contributed to the protection afforded in this regimen. The 5xCTB-V2c/alum regimen likewise elicited higher circulating CCR5- α4β7+ CD4+ T cells and mucosal α4β7+ CD4+ T cells compared to the DA/CTB-V2c/alum regimen, whereas the first cell type was associated with reduced risk of viral acquisition. Conclusion Taken together, these data suggest that individual viral spike B-cell epitopes can be highly immunogenic and functional as isolated immunogens, although they might not be sufficient on their own to provide full protection against HIV/SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Manuel Becerra-Flores
- NYU Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yury Patskovsky
- NYU Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shraddha Basu
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - LaTonya D. Williams
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kombo F. N’guessan
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Pyone Pyone Aye
- Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Ronald Veazey
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mangala Rao
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- NYU Langone Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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13
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HIV vaccine candidate plus microbicide decreases SIV infection risk by more than 90. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:767-768. [PMID: 37024619 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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14
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Bissa M, Kim S, Galli V, Fourati S, Sarkis S, Arakelyan A, de Castro IS, Rahman MA, Fujiwara S, Vaccari M, Tomalka JA, Stamos JD, Schifanella L, Gorini G, Moles R, Gutowska A, Ferrari G, Lobanov A, Montefiori DC, Nelson GW, Cam MC, Chakhtoura M, Haddad EK, Doster MN, McKinnon K, Brown S, Venzon DJ, Choo-Wosoba H, Breed MW, Killoran KE, Kramer J, Margolis L, Sekaly RP, Hager GL, Franchini G. HIV vaccine candidate efficacy in female macaques mediated by cAMP-dependent efferocytosis and V2-specific ADCC. Nat Commun 2023; 14:575. [PMID: 36732510 PMCID: PMC9894672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine to protect against HIV acquisition will be greatly bolstered by in-depth understanding of the innate and adaptive responses to vaccination. We report here that the efficacy of DNA/ALVAC/gp120/alum vaccines, based on V2-specific antibodies mediating apoptosis of infected cells (V2-ADCC), is complemented by efferocytosis, a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent antiphlogistic engulfment of apoptotic cells by CD14+ monocytes. Central to vaccine efficacy is the engagement of the CCL2/CCR2 axis and tolerogenic dendritic cells producing IL-10 (DC-10). Epigenetic reprogramming in CD14+ cells of the cyclic AMP/CREB pathway and increased systemic levels of miRNA-139-5p, a negative regulator of expression of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D, correlated with vaccine efficacy. These data posit that efferocytosis, through the prompt and effective removal of apoptotic infected cells, contributes to vaccine efficacy by decreasing inflammation and maintaining tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Sohyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Galli
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Slim Fourati
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anush Arakelyan
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Saori Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Tomalka
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James D Stamos
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramona Moles
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexei Lobanov
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - George W Nelson
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret C Cam
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marita Chakhtoura
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elias K Haddad
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melvin N Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katherine McKinnon
- Vaccine Branch Flow Cytometry Core, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sophia Brown
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Vaccine Branch Flow Cytometry Core, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew W Breed
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kristin E Killoran
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rafick P Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Moodie Z, Dintwe O, Sawant S, Grove D, Huang Y, Janes H, Heptinstall J, Omar FL, Cohen K, De Rosa SC, Zhang L, Yates NL, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Seaton KE, Laher F, Bekker LG, Malahleha M, Innes C, Kassim S, Naicker N, Govender V, Sebe M, Singh N, Kotze P, Lazarus E, Nchabeleng M, Ward AM, Brumskine W, Dubula T, Randhawa AK, Grunenberg N, Hural J, Kee JJ, Benkeser D, Jin Y, Carpp LN, Allen M, D’Souza P, Tartaglia J, DiazGranados CA, Koutsoukos M, Gilbert PB, Kublin JG, Corey L, Andersen-Nissen E, Gray GE, Tomaras GD, McElrath MJ. Analysis of the HIV Vaccine Trials Network 702 Phase 2b-3 HIV-1 Vaccine Trial in South Africa Assessing RV144 Antibody and T-Cell Correlates of HIV-1 Acquisition Risk. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:246-257. [PMID: 35758878 PMCID: PMC9890908 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ALVAC/gp120 + MF59 vaccines in the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) 702 efficacy trial did not prevent human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) acquisition. Vaccine-matched immunological endpoints that were correlates of HIV-1 acquisition risk in RV144 were measured in HVTN 702 and evaluated as correlates of HIV-1 acquisition. METHODS Among 1893 HVTN 702 female vaccinees, 60 HIV-1-seropositive cases and 60 matched seronegative noncases were sampled. HIV-specific CD4+ T-cell and binding antibody responses were measured 2 weeks after fourth and fifth immunizations. Cox proportional hazards models assessed prespecified responses as predictors of HIV-1 acquisition. RESULTS The HVTN 702 Env-specific CD4+ T-cell response rate was significantly higher than in RV144 (63% vs 40%, P = .03) with significantly lower IgG binding antibody response rate and magnitude to 1086.C V1V2 (67% vs 100%, P < .001; Pmag < .001). Although no significant univariate associations were observed between any T-cell or binding antibody response and HIV-1 acquisition, significant interactions were observed (multiplicity-adjusted P ≤.03). Among vaccinees with high IgG A244 V1V2 binding antibody responses, vaccine-matched CD4+ T-cell endpoints associated with decreased HIV-1 acquisition (estimated hazard ratios = 0.40-0.49 per 1-SD increase in CD4+ T-cell endpoint). CONCLUSIONS HVTN 702 and RV144 had distinct immunogenicity profiles. However, both identified significant correlations (univariate or interaction) for IgG V1V2 and polyfunctional CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 acquisition. Clinical Trials Registration . NCT02968849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Moodie
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - One Dintwe
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sheetal Sawant
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Doug Grove
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yunda Huang
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Holly Janes
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jack Heptinstall
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Faatima Laher Omar
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kristen Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen C De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nicole L Yates
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marcella Sarzotti-Kelsoe
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly E Seaton
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fatima Laher
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Linda Gail Bekker
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mookho Malahleha
- Setshaba Research Centre, Soshanguve, South Africa
- Synergy Biomed Research Institute, East London, South Africa
| | - Craig Innes
- The Aurum Institute, Klerksdorp, South Africa
| | - Sheetal Kassim
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nivashnee Naicker
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Nishanta Singh
- South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Philip Kotze
- Qhakaza Mbokodo Research Centre, Ladysmith, South Africa
| | - Erica Lazarus
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maphoshane Nchabeleng
- Mecru Clinical Research Unit, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Amy M Ward
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Thozama Dubula
- Nelson Mandela Academic Clinical Research Unit and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa
| | - April K Randhawa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole Grunenberg
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jia Jin Kee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Benkeser
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yutong Jin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lindsay N Carpp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary Allen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia D’Souza
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Peter B Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James G Kublin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lawrence Corey
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erica Andersen-Nissen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory, Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Glenda E Gray
- Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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16
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Weiss S, Itri V, Pan R, Jiang X, Luo CC, Morris L, Malherbe DC, Barnette P, Alexander J, Kong XP, Haigwood NL, Hessell AJ, Duerr R, Zolla-Pazner S. Differential V2-directed antibody responses in non-human primates infected with SHIVs or immunized with diverse HIV vaccines. Nat Commun 2022; 13:903. [PMID: 35173151 PMCID: PMC8850611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
V2p and V2i antibodies (Abs) that are specific for epitopes in the V1V2 region of the HIV gp120 envelope (Env) do not effectively neutralize HIV but mediate Fc-dependent anti-viral activities that have been correlated with protection from, or control of HIV, SIV and SHIV infections. Here, we describe a novel molecular toolbox that allows the discrimination of antigenically and functionally distinct polyclonal V2 Ab responses. We identify different patterns of V2 Ab induction by SHIV infection and three separate vaccine regimens that aid in fine-tuning an optimized immunization protocol for inducing V2p and V2i Abs. We observe no, or weak and sporadic V2p and V2i Abs in non-vaccinated SHIV-infected NHPs, but strong V2p and/or V2i Ab responses after immunization with a V2-targeting vaccine protocol. The V2-focused vaccination is superior to both natural infection and to immunization with whole Env constructs for inducing functional V2p- and V2i-specific responses. Strikingly, levels of V2-directed Abs correlate inversely with Abs specific for peptides of V3 and C5. These data demonstrate that a V1V2-targeting vaccine has advantages over the imprecise targeting of SIV/SHIV infections and of whole Env-based immunization regimens for inducing a more focused functional V2p- and V2i-specific Ab response. Here the authors show that an HIV vaccine in non-human primates that focuses antibodies on the V1V2 region of gp120 is superior to infection or immunization with whole envelope vaccines for inducing V1V2 antibodies with anti-viral functions that correlate with protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vincenza Itri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruimin Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xunqing Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina C Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.,MRC Antibody Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and Center for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Delphine C Malherbe
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA.,University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Philip Barnette
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Jeff Alexander
- PaxVax Corporation, Redwood City, CA, USA.,JL Alexander Research and Development Consulting LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nancy L Haigwood
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Ann J Hessell
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Ralf Duerr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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D'Souza MP, Palin AC, Calder T, Golding H, Kleinstein SH, Milliken EL, O'Connor D, Tomaras G, Warren J, Boggiano C. Mind the gap from research laboratory to clinic: Challenges and opportunities for next-generation assays in human diseases. Vaccine 2021; 39:5233-5239. [PMID: 34366145 PMCID: PMC8343370 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Modern vaccinology has experienced major conceptual and technological advances over the past 30 years. These include atomic-level structures driving immunogen design, new vaccine delivery methods, powerful adjuvants, and novel animal models. In addition, utilizing advanced assays to learn how the immune system senses a pathogen and orchestrates protective immunity has been critical in the design of effective vaccines and therapeutics. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health convened a workshop in September 2020 focused on next generation assays for vaccine development (Table 1). The workshop focused on four critical pathogens: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-which have no licensed vaccines-and tuberculosis (TB) and influenza-both of which are in critical need of improved vaccines. The goal was to share progress and lessons learned, and to identify any commonalities that can be leveraged to design vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patricia D'Souza
- Vaccine Clinical Research Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Amy C Palin
- Vaccine Clinical Research Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Calder
- Office of the Director, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Georgia Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jon Warren
- Pre-clinical Research and Development Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Cesar Boggiano
- Pre-clinical Research and Development Branch, Vaccine Research Program, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD, USA
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