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Liu Y, Niu H, Zhang J, Liang R, Zhou Z, Lei C, He S, Lu C, Zhao Y. Dynamic cellular composition and immune landscape revealed by single-cell transcriptome profiling in a brain arteriovenous malformation. Funct Integr Genomics 2025; 25:76. [PMID: 40146346 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-025-01590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2025] [Accepted: 03/22/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral arteriovenous malformation is a congenital blood vessel abnormality with its immune mechanism remains unclear. Our study characterized the change of cellular composition and gene expression landscape in brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM). METHODS We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on one bAVM sample and three healthy control (HC) samples. Cell clustering analysis and cell type annotation were used to identify the major cell types in bAVM and HC samples. Critical differentially expressed genes between bAVM and HC sample were analyzed in each cell types to explore the functional changes of each kind of cells. We also examined the cell communication change in bAVM sample and identified the significantly changed cellular interaction pathways. RESULTS 5 major cell types were identified including NK cells, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells (EC), tissue stem cells and smooth muscle cells (SMC). In bAVM sample, proportion of monocytes raised significantly while SMC decreased. Inflammation and cell migration related genes expression and cell communication pathways changed dramatically in bAVM sample. CONCLUSION Inhibition of monocyte-endothelium interaction and promotion of NK cells interaction were found in bAVM sample, which may reveal a new mechanism about inflammation response and cellular impairment in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongchuan Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Junze Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Jiujiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang City, 332000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiujiang City, 332000, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chengxu Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shihao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Changyu Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yuanli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Nekoua MP, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Persistent coxsackievirus B infection and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:503-516. [PMID: 35650334 PMCID: PMC9157043 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although enteroviruses are primarily involved in acute and lytic infections in vitro and in vivo, they can also establish a persistent infection. Prospective epidemiological studies have strongly associated the persistence of enteroviruses, especially coxsackievirus B (CVB), with the appearance of islet autoantibodies and an increased risk of T1DM. CVB can persist in pancreatic ductal and β-cells, which leads to structural or functional alterations of these cells, and to a chronic inflammatory response that promotes recruitment and activation of pre-existing autoreactive T cells and β-cell autoimmune destruction. CVB persistence in other sites, such as the intestine, blood cells and thymus, has been described; these sites could serve as a reservoir for infection or reinfection of the pancreas, and this persistence could have a role in the disturbance of tolerance to β-cells. This Review addresses the involvement of persistent enterovirus infection in triggering islet autoimmunity and T1DM, as well as current strategies to control enterovirus infections for preventing or reducing the risk of T1DM onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
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3
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NK Cell Patterns in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies with Pulmonary Affection. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102551. [PMID: 34685530 PMCID: PMC8534165 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary affection (PA) is associated with a substantial increase in morbidity and mortality in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). However, the underlying immune mechanisms of PA remain enigmatic and prompt deeper immunological analyses. Importantly, the Janus-faced role of natural killer (NK) cells, capable of pro-inflammatory as well as regulatory effects, might be of interest for the pathophysiologic understanding of PA in IIM. METHODS To extend our understanding of immunological alterations in IIM patients with PA, we compared the signatures of NK cells in peripheral blood using multi-color flow cytometry in IIM patients with (n = 12, of which anti-synthetase syndrome = 8 and dermatomyositis = 4) or without PA (n = 12). RESULTS We did not observe any significant differences for B cells, CD4, and CD8 T cells, while total NK cell numbers in IIM patients with PA were reduced compared to non-PA patients. NK cell alterations were driven by a particular decrease of CD56dim NK cells, while CD56bright NK cells remained unchanged. Comparisons of the cell surface expression of a large panel of NK receptors revealed an increased mean fluorescence intensity of NKG2D+ on NK cells from patients with PA compared with non-PA patients, especially on the CD56dim subset. NKG2D+ and NKp46+ cell surface levels were associated with reduced vital capacity, serving as a surrogate marker for clinical severity of PA. CONCLUSION Our data illustrate that PA in IIM is associated with alterations of the NK cell repertoire, suggesting a relevant contribution of NK cells in certain IIMs, which might pave the way for NK cell-targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Gardner G, Fraker CA. Natural Killer Cells as Key Mediators in Type I Diabetes Immunopathology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722979. [PMID: 34489972 PMCID: PMC8417893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunopathology of type I diabetes (T1D) presents a complicated case in part because of the multifactorial origin of this disease. Typically, T1D is thought to occur as a result of autoimmunity toward islets of Langerhans, resulting in the destruction of insulin-producing cells (β cells) and thus lifelong reliance on exogenous insulin. However, that explanation obscures much of the underlying mechanism, and the actual precipitating events along with the associated actors (latent viral infection, diverse immune cell types and their roles) are not completely understood. Notably, there is a malfunctioning in the regulation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that target endocrine cells through antigen-mediated attack. Further examination has revealed the likelihood of an imbalance in distinct subpopulations of tolerogenic and cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells that may be the catalyst of adaptive immune system malfunction. The contributions of components outside the immune system, including environmental factors such as chronic viral infection also need more consideration, and much of the recent literature investigating the origins of this disease have focused on these factors. In this review, the details of the immunopathology of T1D regarding NK cell disfunction is discussed, along with how those mechanisms stand within the context of general autoimmune disorders. Finally, the rarer cases of latent autoimmune, COVID-19 (viral), and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) induced diabetes are discussed as their exceptional pathology offers insight into the evolution of the disease as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A. Fraker
- Tissue and Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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5
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Luo Q, Kong Y, Fu B, Li X, Huang Q, Huang Z, Li J. Increased TIM-3 +PD-1 + NK cells are associated with the disease activity and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Med 2021; 22:47-56. [PMID: 34101055 PMCID: PMC8863699 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that natural killer (NK) cells are dysregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, the functions of NK cells and the mechanisms regulated by them in SLE remain incompletely understood. Patients with SLE were recruited from The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, and their clinical characteristics and treatments were recorded. The expression levels of T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on NK cells were examined using flow cytometry. The correlations between the increase in TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells in the SLE patients and clinical traits, including inflammatory markers, auto-antibodies, disease activity and severity of SLE, were examined. The TIM-3+NK cells, PD-1+NK cells and TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells were significantly increased in the SLE patients. The increase in TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells in the patients with SLE was associated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, anti-double stranded DNA, anti-ribosomal P, SLE disease activity index and clinical features. The frequency of TIM-3+PD-1+NK cells in SLE patients with a cardiovascular disease (CVD) was significantly lower than that in SLE patients without a CVD. Moreover, the increased TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells were significantly decreased in SLE patients following treatment. The present study suggested that the increased TIM-3+PD-1+ NK cells were associated with the disease activity and severity of SLE and may play a role in SLE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyuan Kong
- Outpatient Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Biqi Fu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshui Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Manolakou T, Verginis P, Boumpas DT. DNA Damage Response in the Adaptive Arm of the Immune System: Implications for Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5842. [PMID: 34072535 PMCID: PMC8198144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In complex environments, cells have developed molecular responses to confront threats against the genome and achieve the maintenance of genomic stability assuring the transfer of undamaged DNA to their progeny. DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms may be activated upon genotoxic or environmental agents, such as cytotoxic drugs or ultraviolet (UV) light, and during physiological processes requiring DNA transactions, to restore DNA alterations that may cause cellular malfunction and affect viability. In addition to the DDR, multicellular organisms have evolved specialized immune cells to respond and defend against infections. Both adaptive and innate immune cells are subjected to DDR processes, either as a prerequisite to the immune response, or as a result of random endogenous and exogenous insults. Aberrant DDR activities have been extensively studied in the immune cells of the innate arm, but not in adaptive immune cells. Here, we discuss how the aberrant DDR may lead to autoimmunity, with emphasis on the adaptive immune cells and the potential of therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Manolakou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T. Boumpas
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Joint Rheumatology Program, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 124 62 Athens, Greece
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7
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Liu M, Liang S, Zhang C. NK Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: Protective or Pathogenic? Front Immunol 2021; 12:624687. [PMID: 33777006 PMCID: PMC7994264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases generally result from the loss of self-tolerance (i.e., failure of the immune system to distinguish self from non-self), and are characterized by autoantibody production and hyperactivation of T cells, which leads to damage of specific or multiple organs. Thus, autoimmune diseases can be classified as organ-specific or systemic. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmunity. Recent studies have demonstrated the contribution of innate immunity to the onset of autoimmune diseases. Natural killer (NK) cells, which are key components of the innate immune system, have been implicated in the development of multiple autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune liver disease. However, NK cells have both protective and pathogenic roles in autoimmunity depending on the NK cell subset, microenvironment, and disease type or stage. In this work, we review the current knowledge of the varied roles of NK cell subsets in systemic and organic-specific autoimmune diseases and their clinical potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Liu
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shujuan Liang
- Key Lab for Immunology in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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8
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Luu TT, Schmied L, Nguyen NA, Wiel C, Meinke S, Mohammad DK, Bergö M, Alici E, Kadri N, Ganesan S, Höglund P. Short-term IL-15 priming leaves a long-lasting signalling imprint in mouse NK cells independently of a metabolic switch. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/4/e202000723. [PMID: 33593878 PMCID: PMC7918643 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cell reactivity is dynamically regulated by IL-15, and NK cells do not need more than a few minutes of exposure to remember the cytokine for several hours. IL-15 priming of NK cells is a broadly accepted concept, but the dynamics and underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We show that as little as 5 min of IL-15 treatment in vitro, followed by removal of excess cytokines, results in a long-lasting, but reversible, augmentation of NK cell responsiveness upon activating receptor cross-linking. In contrast to long-term stimulation, improved NK cell function after short-term IL-15 priming was not associated with enhanced metabolism but was based on the increased steady-state phosphorylation level of signalling molecules downstream of activating receptors. Inhibition of JAK3 eliminated this priming effect, suggesting a cross talk between the IL-15 receptor and ITAM-dependent activating receptors. Increased signalling molecule phosphorylation levels, calcium flux, and IFN-γ secretion lasted for up to 3 h after IL-15 stimulation before returning to baseline. We conclude that IL-15 rapidly and reversibly primes NK cell function by modulating activating receptor signalling. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which NK cell reactivity can potentially be maintained in vivo based on only brief encounters with IL-15 trans-presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy T Luu
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Laurent Schmied
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ngoc-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Clotilde Wiel
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stephan Meinke
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Dara K Mohammad
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Food Technology, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, KRG-Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Martin Bergö
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Nadir Kadri
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sridharan Ganesan
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Petter Höglund
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Centre for Haematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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9
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Pavlovic K, Tristán-Manzano M, Maldonado-Pérez N, Cortijo-Gutierrez M, Sánchez-Hernández S, Justicia-Lirio P, Carmona MD, Herrera C, Martin F, Benabdellah K. Using Gene Editing Approaches to Fine-Tune the Immune System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570672. [PMID: 33117361 PMCID: PMC7553077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome editing technologies not only provide unprecedented opportunities to study basic cellular system functionality but also improve the outcomes of several clinical applications. In this review, we analyze various gene editing techniques used to fine-tune immune systems from a basic research and clinical perspective. We discuss recent advances in the development of programmable nucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas-associated nucleases. We also discuss the use of programmable nucleases and their derivative reagents such as base editing tools to engineer immune cells via gene disruption, insertion, and rewriting of T cells and other immune components, such natural killers (NKs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In addition, with regard to chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), we describe how different gene editing tools enable healthy donor cells to be used in CAR T therapy instead of autologous cells without risking graft-versus-host disease or rejection, leading to reduced adoptive cell therapy costs and instant treatment availability for patients. We pay particular attention to the delivery of therapeutic transgenes, such as CARs, to endogenous loci which prevents collateral damage and increases therapeutic effectiveness. Finally, we review creative innovations, including immune system repurposing, that facilitate safe and efficient genome surgery within the framework of clinical cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pavlovic
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - María Tristán-Manzano
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Noelia Maldonado-Pérez
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Marina Cortijo-Gutierrez
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Sabina Sánchez-Hernández
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Justicia-Lirio
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
- LentiStem Biotech, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Dolores Carmona
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Concha Herrera
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cellular Therapy Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Martin
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- Genomic Medicine Department, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer-University of Granada (Andalusian Regional Government), Health Sciences Technology Park, Granada, Spain
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10
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Beigmohammadi F, Mahmoudi M, Karami J, Ahmadzadeh N, Ebrahimi-Daryani N, Rezaei N. Analysis of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes and Their HLA Ligands in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:4873648. [PMID: 33015197 PMCID: PMC7520679 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4873648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have illustrated that killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes could participate in various autoimmune disorders. We aimed to clarify the role of KIR genes, HLA ligands, HLA-KIR interactions, and their genotypes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility. The study population was composed of 183 IBD subjects, comprising 100 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 83 Crohn's disease (CD) patients, and 274 healthy subjects. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) was used to evaluate the absence or presence of the 15 KIR genes, 5 HLA class I ligands, and 2 pseudogenes. We did not find any significant difference in allele frequency of KIRs and pseudogenes between IBD patients and healthy controls. In the case of HLA genes, there was a significant difference in HLA-B-Bw4Thr80 frequency between UC patients and healthy controls (P = 0.03, OR = 0.06, 95%CI = 0.008-0.4). Furthermore, we found a significant difference in HLA-C1Asn80 frequency between CD patients and healthy controls (P = 0.04, OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.3-0.8). In the full-array combination of KIR genes, there was no significant frequency difference between UC patients and healthy controls, while two KIR genotypes showed a significant susceptible association with CD. Our data do not support a strong role of NK cells in IBD susceptibility, but it does not rule out a role for KIR variability in IBD patients. However, there are some protective associations such as Bw4 alleles; these associations may be due to the interaction of the alleles to TCRs rather than KIRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rheumatology Expert Group (REG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Karami
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Ahmadzadeh
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Ebrahimi-Daryani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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11
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Klöß S, Dehmel S, Braun A, Parnham MJ, Köhl U, Schiffmann S. From Cancer to Immune-Mediated Diseases and Tolerance Induction: Lessons Learned From Immune Oncology and Classical Anti-cancer Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1423. [PMID: 32733473 PMCID: PMC7360838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Success in cancer treatment over the last four decades has ranged from improvements in classical drug therapy to immune oncology. Anti-cancer drugs have also often proven beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we report on challenging examples that bridge between treatment of cancer and immune-mediated diseases, addressing mechanisms and experimental models as well as clinical investigations. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) (humanized) mouse models represent useful tools for preclinical evaluation of new therapies and biomarker identification. However, new developments using human ex vivo approaches modeling cancer, for example in microfluidic human organs-on-chips, promise to identify key molecular, cellular and immunological features of human cancer progression in a fully human setting. Classical drugs which bridge the gap, for instance, include cytotoxic drugs, proteasome inhibitors, PI3K/mTOR inhibitors and metabolic inhibitors. Biologicals developed for cancer therapy have also shown efficacy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In immune oncology, redirected chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have achieved spectacular remissions in refractory B cell leukemia and lymphoma and are currently under development for tolerance induction using cell-based therapies such as CAR Tregs or NK cells. Finally, a brief outline will be given of the lessons learned from bridging cancer and autoimmune diseases as well as tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Klöß
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Susann Dehmel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Frankfurt, Germany
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12
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Enteroviral Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: The Role of Natural Killer Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8070989. [PMID: 32630332 PMCID: PMC7409131 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8070989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses, especially group B coxsackieviruses (CV-B), have been associated with the development of chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). The pathological mechanisms that trigger virus-induced autoimmunity against islet antigens in T1D are not fully elucidated. Animal and human studies suggest that NK cells response to CV-B infection play a crucial role in the enteroviral pathogenesis of T1D. Indeed, CV-B-infected cells can escape from cytotoxic T cells recognition and destruction by inhibition of cell surface expression of HLA class I antigen through non-structural viral proteins, but they can nevertheless be killed by NK cells. Cytolytic activity of NK cells towards pancreatic beta cells persistently-infected with CV-B has been reported and defective viral clearance by NK cells of patients with T1D has been suggested as a mechanism leading to persistence of CV-B and triggering autoimmunity reported in these patients. The knowledge about host antiviral defense against CV-B infection is not only crucial to understand the susceptibility to virus-induced T1D but could also contribute to the design of new preventive or therapeutic approaches for individuals at risk for T1D or newly diagnosed patients.
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13
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Gallo D, Piantanida E, Gallazzi M, Bartalena L, Tanda ML, Bruno A, Mortara L. Immunological Drivers in Graves' Disease: NK Cells as a Master Switcher. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:406. [PMID: 32765422 PMCID: PMC7379480 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is a common autoimmune cause of hyperthyroidism, which is eventually related to the generation of IgG antibodies stimulating the thyrotropin receptor. Clinical manifestations of the disease reflect hyperstimulation of the gland, causing thyrocyte hyperplasia (goiter) and excessive thyroid hormone synthesis (hyperthyroidism). The above clinical manifestations are preceded by still partially unraveled pathogenic actions governed by the induction of aberrant phenotype/functions of immune cells. In this review article we investigated the potential contribution of natural killer (NK) cells, based on literature analysis, to discuss the bidirectional interplay with thyroid hormones (TH) in GD progression. We analyzed cellular and molecular NK-cell associated mechanisms potentially impacting on GD, in a view of identification of the main NK-cell subset with highest immunoregulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gallo
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Eliana Piantanida
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Luigi Bartalena
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Tanda
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Immunology and General Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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14
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Lee EK, Sunwoo JB. Natural Killer Cells and Thyroid Diseases. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2019; 34:132-137. [PMID: 31257741 PMCID: PMC6599908 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2019.34.2.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal production of thyroid hormone is one of the common endocrine disorders, and thyroid hormone production declines with age. The aging process also negatively affects the immune system. An interaction between endocrine system and the immune system has been proposed to be bidirectional. Emerging evidence suggests an interaction between a lymphocyte population, called natural killer (NK) cells and thyroid gland function. Here, we review the relationship between NK cells and thyroid function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Lee
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John B Sunwoo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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15
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Zahran AM, Abdel-Rahim MH, Elsayh KI, Hassanien MM, Mahran SA, Hetta HF. Natural Killer and Natural Killer T Cells in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Relation to Disease Activity and Progression. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2019; 67:161-169. [PMID: 30944972 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of innate immune cells, including natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still unclear. Herein, we examined the frequency of peripheral NK cells, CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells, and NKT cells in patients with juvenile SLE and their potential relations to SLE-related clinical and laboratory parameters. The study included 35 SLE children and 20 apparently healthy controls. After baseline clinical and lab work, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI-2K) and Pediatric Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index (Ped-SDI) scores were assessed. The frequency of peripheral NK cells, CD56dim and CD56bright NK cells, and NKT cells was examined using flow cytometry. SLE patients showed significantly lower frequency of NK cells and NKT cells and higher frequency of CD56bright NK cells compared to controls. Disease activity, urea, and creatinine correlated negatively with NK, but positively with CD56bright NK cells. NK and NKT cells exhibited inverse correlation with the renal biopsy activity index; however, CD56bright NK cells showed direct correlations with both activity and chronicity indices. Regarding Ped-SDI, renal, neuropsychiatry disorders, and growth failure correlated inversely with NK but directly with CD56bright NK cells. NKT cell inversely correlated with renal damage and delayed puberty. In conclusion, low frequency of NK and NKT and expansion of CD56bright NK cells are marked in juvenile SLE, particularly with activity. These changes have direct effect on renal impairment and growth failure, reflecting their potential influence on disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona H Abdel-Rahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Khalid I Elsayh
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Manal M Hassanien
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Safaa A Mahran
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA.
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16
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Doi A, Kano S, Asano M, Takahashi Y, Mimori T, Mimori A, Kaneko H. Autoantibodies to killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:358-363. [PMID: 30421793 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A genetic variant of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 (KIR3DL1) has been found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we investigated the presence of autoantibodies to KIR3DL1 in a cohort of patients with SLE. We tested sera from 28 patients with SLE, 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 17 healthy control subjects for anti-KIR3DL1 activity by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant KIR3DL1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and EGFP proteins. Anti-KIR3DL1 antibodies were detected in 22 (79%) of the 28 patients with SLE, whereas they were present in only three (27%) of the 11 patients with RA examined. Notably, 10 (91%) of the 11 samples from patients with SLE prior to therapy had anti-KIR3DL1 antibodies. None of the samples from healthy donors were positive for the antibodies. Here, we report the presence of anti-KIR3DL1 antibodies in the sera of patients with SLE for the first time. Anti-KIR3DL1 autoantibodies may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Doi
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - S Kano
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Asano
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Mimori
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - A Mimori
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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NK cell subsets in autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2017; 83:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Shalaby D, Saied M, Khater D, Abou Zeid A. The Expression of Activating Receptor Gene of Natural Killer Cells ( KLRC3) in Patients with
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Oman Med J 2017; 32:316-321. [PMID: 28804584 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the possible role of natural killer (NK) cells in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) through studying the expression of the KLRC3 gene, which encodes the NK cell activating receptor (NKG2E). METHODS This study was conducted at Alexandria University Children's Hospital from April to October 2015. The study was conducted with 30 newly diagnosed T1DM patients (15 males and 15 females), aged 7-13 years (10.6±1.8 years) and 20 non-diabetic subjects served as age- and sex-matched controls. The patients were further sub-divided into two groups; group I included patients who first presented with classical symptoms of DM (polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia) without diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) and group II included patients who first presented with DKA. The expression of the KLRC3 gene was measured in each group using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS KLRC3 gene expression was significantly downregulated in T1DM cases compared to healthy controls (p = 0.001). Expression was more downregulated in group I patients (p = 0.008). Moreover, there was higher mean value of glycated heamoglobin and lower C-peptide levels in group I than group II. Serum pancreatic amylase showed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS KLRC3 gene expression was downregulated in patients with T1DM compared to healthy controls. Downregulation of expression was greater in DKA patients compared to those who presented with classical symptoms. Expression of KLRC3 in T1DM might play a role in the pathogenesis of T1DM and could be a predictor of its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Shalaby
- El Raml Pediatric Hospital, Minisrty of Health, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa Saied
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa Khater
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abla Abou Zeid
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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19
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Li C, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Xu N, Lei J. Immunomodulatory constituents of human breast milk and immunity from bronchiolitis. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:8. [PMID: 28257632 PMCID: PMC5347836 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mother’s immune status can be achieved by genetic and breastfeeding impact descendants of the immune system. The study aimed to determine whether a mother’s immune status and breastfeeding practices were related to development of bronchiolitis in her infant. Methods The frequency of T, B and natural kill (NK) cells in patients’ blood and their mothers’ breast milk was determined using flow cytometry. The concentrations of serum and breast milk IgG and IgD in individual patients and healthy control were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationships between immunocytes, immunoglobulin and respiratory score (RS) were analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation test. Results The mothers of bronchiolitis patients had lower IgG concentrations in their breast milk when compared to the mothers of healthy children. There was no significant difference in the frequency of T cells, B cells, and NK cells in samples of breast milk. However, significant decreases of CD3+, CD8+ T cells, as well as significant increases of CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells were found in the serum of bronchiolitis infants. There were positive correlation relationships between RS and CD3+, CD4+ T cells, IgG and IgD concentrations. Conclusion Our data suggested that the mothers of bronchiolitis patients had lower IgG concentration in their breast milk. The breast milk IgG might be absorbed by the breastfeeding infants, which could play important role in resistance of bronchiolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302 Jilin Road, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302 Jilin Road, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Naijun Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302 Jilin Road, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No.3302 Jilin Road, Changchun, 130021, China.
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20
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Natural killer cells in inflammatory heart disease. Clin Immunol 2016; 175:26-33. [PMID: 27894980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite of a multitude of excellent studies, the regulatory role of natural killer (NK) cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory cardiac disease is greatly underappreciated. Clinical abnormalities in the numbers and functions of NK cells are observed in myocarditis and inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMi) as well as in cardiac transplant rejection [1-6]. Because treatment of these disorders remains largely symptomatic in nature, patients have little options for targeted therapies [7,8]. However, blockade of NK cells and their receptors can protect against inflammation and damage in animal models of cardiac injury and inflammation. In these models, NK cells suppress the maturation and trafficking of inflammatory cells, alter the local cytokine and chemokine environments, and induce apoptosis in nearby resident and hematopoietic cells [1,9,10]. This review will dissect each protective mechanism employed by NK cells and explore how their properties might be exploited for their therapeutic potential.
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21
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Pelletier AN, Guilbault L, Guimont-Desrochers F, Hillhouse EE, Lesage S. NK Cell Proportion and Number Are Influenced by Genetic Loci on Chromosomes 8, 9, and 17. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2627-36. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Ong S, Ligons DL, Barin JG, Wu L, Talor MV, Diny N, Fontes JA, Gebremariam E, Kass DA, Rose NR, Čiháková D. Natural killer cells limit cardiac inflammation and fibrosis by halting eosinophil infiltration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:847-61. [PMID: 25622543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Myocarditis is a leading cause of sudden cardiac failure in young adults. Natural killer (NK) cells, a subset of the innate lymphoid cell compartment, are protective in viral myocarditis. Herein, we demonstrated that these protective qualities extend to suppressing autoimmune inflammation. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) was initiated in BALB/c mice by immunization with myocarditogenic peptide. During EAM, activated cardiac NK cells secreted interferon γ, perforin, and granzyme B, and expressed CD69, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand treatment, and CD27 on their cell surfaces. The depletion of NK cells during EAM with anti-asialo GM1 antibody significantly increased myocarditis severity, and was accompanied by elevated fibrosis and a 10-fold increase in the percentage of cardiac-infiltrating eosinophils. The resultant influx of eosinophils to the heart was directly responsible for the increased disease severity in the absence of NK cells, because treatment with polyclonal antibody asialogangloside GM-1 did not augment myocarditis severity in eosinophil-deficient ΔdoubleGATA1 mice. We demonstrate that NK cells limit eosinophilic infiltration both indirectly, through altering eosinophil-related chemokine production by cardiac fibroblasts, and directly, by inducing eosinophil apoptosis in vitro. Altogether, we define a new pathway of eosinophilic regulation through interactions with NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuFey Ong
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Davinna L Ligons
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jobert G Barin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lei Wu
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicola Diny
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jillian A Fontes
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Gebremariam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David A Kass
- Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noel R Rose
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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23
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Wang Y, Yuan W, Guo H, Jiang Y. High frequency of activated NKp46(+) natural killer cells in patients with new diagnosed of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Autoimmunity 2014; 48:267-73. [PMID: 25495606 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2014.990629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To determine the potential association of different subsets of NK cells with the development of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) in patients. The frequency of different subsets of NK and NKT cells, including IFN-γ(+) and CD107a(+) NK and NKT cells, in 27 patients with newly diagnosed LADA and 20 healthy controls (HC) were determined by flow cytometry. The concentrations of serum autoantibodies against GAD65 were measured by direct radioligand assay. The potential association of the frequency of NK cells with clinical measures was analyzed. In comparison with that in the HC, significantly higher frequency of peripheral blood NK and NKp46(+) NK cells, but lower frequency of KIR3DL1(+) NK cells were detected in patients with newly diagnosed LADA (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0039, respectively). The percentages of inducible IFN-γ(+) NK cells were significantly higher in the LADA patients than that in the HC (p < 0.0001). Moreover, the percentages of NKp46(+) NK cells were negatively correlated with the levels of fasting plasma C-peptide in patients (R = -0.4877, p = 0.0099). There was no significant difference in the frequency of spontaneous and inducible CD107a(+) between patients and controls. Our data indicate a higher frequency of activated NKp46(+) NK cells may be associated with the development of LADA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, the First Hospital, Jilin University , Changchun , China
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24
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Ye Z, Ma N, Zhao L, Jiang ZY, Jiang YF. Differential expression of natural killer activating and inhibitory receptors in patients with newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 19:613-21. [PMID: 24617980 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents as the abnormal activation and over-proliferation of immune competent cells. Few studies have characterized the role of natural killer (NK) and NK T (NKT) cells in the pathogenesis of SLE, and therefore a consensus has not been reached as yet. METHOD Thirty-two patients with new-onset SLE and 15 healthy controls were recruited. Activated and inhibitory NK and NKT cells in peripheral blood were quantified by flow cytometry. The proportions of spontaneous and stimulated interferon (IFN)-γ(+) NK and NKT cells and CD107a(+) NK cells was examined. Finally, the potential relationship between the cell subsets and clinical indexes was analyzed. RESULTS The proportions of NK and NKT cells (P = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively) as well as the proportions of NKG2C(+) NK cells, inhibitory NK and NKT cell subsets (P = 0.016, P = 0.019, P = 0.049, and P = 0.028, respectively) in SLE patients were significantly lower than those in controls. In contrast, the proportions of activated NK cells and NKT cell subsets were significantly higher (P = 0.036, P = 0.034, P = 0.005, and P = 0.007, respectively). Moreover, the proportions of stimulated IFN-γ(+) NKT cells were significantly higher than in the controls, and the proportions of stimulated CD107a(+) NKT cells in SLE patients were significantly lower than in the controls (P = 0.032 and P = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION Lower proportions of NK and NKT cells, higher proportions of activated NK cells and activated NKT cells, lower proportions of inhibitory NK and NKT cells, higher NKT cell activity, and lower NKT cell degranulation may induce the autoimmune reaction involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Fang Jiang
- Department of Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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25
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Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and their HLA ligands in Guillain–Barré Syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 267:92-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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26
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Enk J, Mandelboim O. The role of natural cytotoxicity receptors in various pathologies: emphasis on type I diabetes. Front Immunol 2014; 5:4. [PMID: 24478773 PMCID: PMC3895823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes that function mainly as immune sentinels against viral infection and tumorigenesis. NK cell function is governed by inhibitory and activating signals arising from corresponding receptors. A prominent group of activating NK receptors is the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), which includes NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46. These receptors bind various diverse ligands of pathogenic, tumor, and even self origin. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease, in which insulin-producing beta (β) cells are ablated by the immune system. This killing of β cells is carried out mainly by T cells, but many other immune cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. Importantly, NK cells were shown to be key participants in the initial autoimmune attack. It was shown that all β cells from humans and mice, healthy or sick, express an unknown ligand for the activating NKp46 receptor. In this review, we describe the role played by the NCRs in various pathologies with an emphasis on Type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Enk
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
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27
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NK Cell Trafficking in Health and Autoimmunity:A Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2013; 47:119-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-013-8400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Increased numbers of NK cells, NKT-like cells, and NK inhibitory receptors in peripheral blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:721782. [PMID: 24069043 PMCID: PMC3773417 DOI: 10.1155/2013/721782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
T cells and B cells participate in the pathogenesis of COPD. Currently, NK cells and NKT cells have gained increasing attention. In the present study, 19 COPD patients and 12 healthy nonsmokers (HNS) were recruited, and their pulmonary function was assessed. The frequencies of CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, B, NK, and NKT-like cells were determined using flow cytometry. The frequencies of spontaneous and inducible IFN-γ+ or CD107a+ NK and NKT-like cells as well as activating or inhibitory receptors were also detected. The potential association of lymphocyte subsets with disease severity was further analyzed. Significantly decreased numbers of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, but increased numbers of CD3−CD56+ NK and CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cells were observed in COPD patients compared to HNS. The frequencies of inducible IFN-γ-secreting NK and NKT-like cells were less in COPD patients. The frequencies of CD158a and CD158b on NK cells and CD158b on NKT-like cells were greater. The frequency of CD158b+ NK cells was negatively correlated with FEV1% prediction and FEV1/FVC. Our data indicate that COPD patients have immune dysfunction, and higher frequencies of inhibitory NK cells and NKT-like cells may participate in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Hudspeth K, Pontarini E, Tentorio P, Cimino M, Donadon M, Torzilli G, Lugli E, Della Bella S, Gershwin ME, Mavilio D. The role of natural killer cells in autoimmune liver disease: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2013; 46:55-65. [PMID: 23880068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are important players of the innate arm of the immune system and provide an early defense against pathogens and tumor-transformed cells. Peripheral blood NK (PB-NK) cells were first identified because of their ability to spontaneously kill tumor-cell targets in vitro without the need for specific antigen priming, which is the reason that they were named 'natural killer' cells. The characterization of NK cells in human tissues and body organs represented another important step forward to better understand their physiology and physiopathology. In this regard, many reports revealed over the past decade a differential anatomic distribution of NK cell subsets in several sites such as the intestine, lung, cervix, placenta and liver as well as in secondary lymphoid organs such as spleen, lymph nodes and tonsils. Among all these tissues, the liver is certainly unique as its parenchyma contains an unusually high number of infiltrating immune cells with 30-50% of total lymphocytes being NK cells. Given the constant liver intake of non-self antigens from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal vein, hepatic NK (H-NK) cells must retain a certain degree of tolerance in the context of their immune-surveillance against dangers to the host. Indeed, the breakdown of the tolerogenic state of the liver-associated immune system has been shown to induce autoimmunity. However, the role of NK cells during the course of autoimmune liver diseases is still being debated mainly because a complete characterization of H-NK cells normally resident in healthy human liver has not yet been fully disclosed. Furthermore, the differences in phenotype and functions between human and mouse H-NK cells often preclude translation of results obtained from murine models into experimental approaches to be performed in humans. Here, we provide an extensive characterization of the phenotype of H-NK cells physiologically resident in the human liver by both mentioning data available in literature and including a set of original results recently developed in our laboratory. We then review our current knowledge in regard to the contribution of H-NK cells in regulating local immune homeostasis and tolerance as well as in inducing the development of liver autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hudspeth
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Liu S, Zhang H, Li M, Hu D, Li C, Ge B, Jin B, Fan Z. Recruitment of Grb2 and SHIP1 by the ITT-like motif of TIGIT suppresses granule polarization and cytotoxicity of NK cells. Cell Death Differ 2012; 20:456-64. [PMID: 23154388 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating and inhibitory receptors control natural killer (NK) cell activity. T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif) domain (TIGIT) was recently identified as a new inhibitory receptor on T and NK cells that suppressed their effector functions. TIGIT harbors the immunoreceptor tail tyrosine (ITT)-like and ITIM motifs in its cytoplasmic tail. However, how its ITT-like motif functions in TIGIT-mediated negative signaling is still unclear. Here, we show that TIGIT/PVR (poliovirus receptor) engagement disrupts granule polarization leading to loss of killing activity of NK cells. The ITT-like motif of TIGIT has a major role in its negative signaling. After TIGIT/PVR ligation, the ITT-like motif is phosphorylated at Tyr225 and binds to cytosolic adapter Grb2, which can recruit SHIP1 to prematurely terminate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and MAPK signaling, leading to downregulation of NK cell function. In support of this, Tyr225 or Asn227 mutation leads to restoration of TIGIT/PVR-mediated cytotoxicity, and SHIP1 silencing can dramatically abolish TIGIT/PVR-mediated killing inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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32
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Tian Z, Gershwin ME, Zhang C. Regulatory NK cells in autoimmune disease. J Autoimmun 2012; 39:206-15. [PMID: 22704425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As major components of innate immunity, NK cells not only exert cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells or infected cells, but also act to regulate the function of other immune cells by secretion of cytokines and chemokines, thus providing surveillance in early defense against viruses, intracellular bacteria and cancer cells. However, the effector function of NK cells must be exquisitely controlled in order to prevent inadvertent attack against self normal cells. The activity of NK cells is defined by integration of signals coming from inhibitory and activation receptors. Inhibitory receptors not only distinguish healthy from diseased cells by recognize self-MHC class I molecules on cell surfaces with "missing-self" model, but also provide an educational signal that generates functional NK cells. NK cells enrich in immunotolerance organ and recent findings of different regulatory NK cell subsets have indicated the unique role of NK cells in maintenance of homeostasis. Once the self-tolerance is broken, autoimmune response may occur. Although data has demonstrated that NK cells play important role in autoimmune disorders, NK cells seemed to act as a two edged weapon and play opposite roles with both regulatory and inducer activity even in the same disease. The precise role and regulatory mechanisms need to be further determined. In this review, we focus on recent research on the association of NK cells and antoimmune diseases, particularly the genetic correlation, the immune tolerance and misrecognition of NK cells, the regulatory function of NK cells, and their potential role in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Tian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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Downs I, Liu J, Aw TY, Adegboyega PA, Ajuebor MN. The ROS scavenger, NAC, regulates hepatic Vα14iNKT cells signaling during Fas mAb-dependent fulminant liver failure. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38051. [PMID: 22701598 PMCID: PMC3368940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled systemic activation of the immune system is an early initiating event that leads to development of acute fulminant liver failure (FLF) in mice after treatment with agonistic Fas mAb. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment of mice with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an ROS scavenger and glutathione (GSH) precursor, almost completely abolished Fas mAb-induced FLF through suppression of Vα14iNKT cell activation, IFN-γ signaling, apoptosis and nitrotyrosine formation in liver. In addition, enrichment of the liver with GSH due to Vα14iNKT cells deficiency, induced an anti-inflammatory response in the liver of Jα18(-/-) mice that inhibited apoptosis, nitrotyrosine formation, IFN-γ signaling and effector functions. In summary, we propose a novel and previously unrecognized pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic role for endogenous ROS in stimulating Th1 signaling in Vα14iNKT cells to promote the development of FLF. Therefore, our study provides critical new insights into how NAC, a ROS scavenger, regulates Th1 signaling in intrahepatic Vα14iNKT cells to impact inflammatory and pathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Downs
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Tak Yee Aw
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Patrick A. Adegboyega
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Maureen N. Ajuebor
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Puxeddu I, Bongiorni F, Chimenti D, Bombardieri S, Moretta A, Bottino C, Migliorini P. Cell surface expression of activating receptors and co-receptors on peripheral blood NK cells in systemic autoimmune diseases. Scand J Rheumatol 2012; 41:298-304. [PMID: 22632143 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2011.648657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A defined role for natural killer (NK) cells and their activating receptors in autoimmunity has not been clearly established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of the CD3-CD56+ NK cells and their expression of receptors and co-receptors in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic autoimmune disorders. METHODS Thirty-four subjects with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 14 with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), 14 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 14 healthy donors were studied. The activating receptors NKp46, NKp44, NKp30, NKG2D, and DNAM-1 and the co-receptors NTB-A and 2B4 were analysed by flow cytometry on peripheral blood NK cells. RESULTS In SSc, AAV, and SLE we detected a significant decrease in the percentage of CD3-CD56+ NK cells compared to healthy controls. No differences in the expression of NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30 were identified. On the contrary, NKG2D and DNAM-1 expression was decreased in SLE, but not in SSc and AAV, NTB-A was decreased in SLE, and 2B4 in both SLE and SSc. No differences were detected between active and inactive SLE patients. In SSc, only patients affected by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) had a low expression of DNAM-1, 2B4, and NKp30. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that patients with different systemic autoimmune diseases differ in the expression of activating receptors and co-receptors on CD3-CD56+ NK cells. The down-regulation of receptors and co-receptors in SSc with lung involvement suggests their possible role in this manifestation of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Puxeddu
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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35
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Guo H, Xu B, Gao L, Sun X, Qu X, Li X, Liu S, Feng J, Wang J, Tang Y, Yan G, Gao X, Jiang Y. High frequency of activated natural killer and natural killer T-cells in patients with new onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:556-62. [PMID: 22547395 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is crucial for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and immunocompetent cells, such as T-cells, B-cells, mast cells and macrophages, regulate the pathogenesis of T2DM. However, little is known about the role of natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells in the pathogenic process of T2DM. A total of 16 patients with new onset T2DM and nine healthy subjects were recruited, and the frequency of peripheral blood activated and inhibitory NK and NKT cells in individual subjects was determined by flow cytometry. The frequency of spontaneous and inducible interferon gamma (IFN- γ) and CD107a+ NK cells was further examined, and the potential association of the frequency of NK cells with clinical measures was analyzed. While there was no significant difference in the frequency of peripheral blood NK and NKT cells between patients and controls, the frequency of NKG2D+ NK and NKT cells in patients was significantly higher than those in the controls ( P = 0.011). In contrast, the frequency of NKG2A+ and KIR2DL3+ inhibitory NK and NKT cells in patients was significantly lower than those in the controls ( P = 0.002, P < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, the frequencies of NKG2D+ NK cells were correlated significantly with the values of body mass index in patients. Moreover, the frequencies of spontaneous and inducible CD107a+, but not IFN- γ-secreting, NK cells in patients were significantly higher than those in the controls ( P < 0.004, P < 0.0001). Our data indicated that a higher frequency of activated NK cells may participate in the obesity-related chronic inflammation involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Bingchuan Xu
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Lichao Gao
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Xiguang Sun
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Xiaozhang Qu
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Shumei Liu
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Junyan Feng
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Juan Wang
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Ying Tang
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Guoqiang Yan
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Xiuzhu Gao
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- The Second Part of First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China
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36
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Ren G, Shao T, Zhuang Y, Hu H, Zhang X, Huang J, Liu Y, Liu D. Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen-C genotype with dry eye disease in a Chinese Han population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:910-4. [PMID: 22509813 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye is one of the most prevalent eye diseases and dry eye disease (DED) is associated with ocular surface inflammation. The interaction between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) regulates the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and certain T cell subsets in response to inflammation. The objective of this study was to explore whether KIR gene and HLA-C allele polymorphisms were associated with DED in a Chinese Han population. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method was used to genotype KIR genes and HLA-C alleles in 106 DED patients and 220 healthy controls. Framework genes KIR2DL4, KIR3DL2, KIR3DL3, and KIR3DP1 were present in all individuals. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of inhibitory KIR genes between the two groups. However, the frequency of KIR2DS2 was significantly higher in severe DED patients than that in healthy controls (p=0.031, odds ratio [OR]=1.828, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.05-3.17). Significantly different distributions of HLA-C allele groups were not observed in severe DED patients and controls. The frequency of the combination of HLA-C1 allele group with KIR2DS2 was significantly higher in severe DED patients compared with controls (p=0.013, OR=2.083, 95% CI=1.16-3.74). These data suggested that this genotype combination was associated with susceptibility to severe DED and that NK cells might have a role in the pathogenesis of DED. The results led to an interesting future research question of whether or not KIR and HLA-C genotypes were involved in the predisposition to or pathogenesis of DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Ren
- Ophthalmology Department, The 4th People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China.
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Terme M, Ullrich E, Aymeric L, Meinhardt K, Coudert JD, Desbois M, Ghiringhelli F, Viaud S, Ryffel B, Yagita H, Chen L, Mécheri S, Kaplanski G, Prévost-Blondel A, Kato M, Schultze JL, Tartour E, Kroemer G, Degli-Esposti M, Chaput N, Zitvogel L. Cancer-induced immunosuppression: IL-18-elicited immunoablative NK cells. Cancer Res 2012; 72:2757-67. [PMID: 22427351 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During cancer development, a number of regulatory cell subsets and immunosuppressive cytokines subvert adaptive immune responses. Although it has been shown that tumor-derived interleukin (IL)-18 participates in the PD-1-dependent tumor progression in NK cell-controlled cancers, the mechanistic cues underlying this immunosuppression remain unknown. Here, we show that IL-18 converts a subset of Kit(-) (CD11b(-)) into Kit(+) natural killer (NK) cells, which accumulate in all lymphoid organs of tumor bearers and mediate immunoablative functions. Kit(+) NK cells overexpressed B7-H1/PD-L1, a ligand for PD-1. The adoptive transfer of Kit(+) NK cells promoted tumor growth in two pulmonary metastases tumor models and significantly reduced the dendritic and NK cell pools residing in lymphoid organs in a B7-H1-dependent manner. Neutralization of IL-18 by RNA interference in tumors or systemically by IL-18-binding protein dramatically reduced the accumulation of Kit(+)CD11b(-) NK cells in tumor bearers. Together, our findings show that IL-18 produced by tumor cells elicits Kit(+)CD11b(-) NK cells endowed with B7-H1-dependent immunoablative functions in mice.
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Perricone C, de Carolis C, Perricone R. Pregnancy and autoimmunity: A common problem. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2012; 26:47-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zakka LR, Fradkov E, Keskin DB, Tabansky I, Stern JNH, Ahmed AR. The role of natural killer cells in autoimmune blistering diseases. Autoimmunity 2011; 45:44-54. [PMID: 21923616 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2011.606446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The major focus of this paper is to describe and evaluate current information on the role of natural killer cells (NK cells) in the pathogenesis of blistering diseases. Until now, only pemphigus vulgaris (PV) has been studied. One co-culture study demonstrated that CD4+ T cells from the peripheral blood or perilesional skin of patients with active disease proliferate and secrete cytokines in the presence of major histocompatibility class II-expressing NK cells loaded with antigenic desmoglein self-peptides. Another study showed that NK cells can contribute to a T helper type 2-biased immune response through impaired interleukins (IL)-12 signaling and upregulation of IL, IL-10 and IL-5. Although significant data on other blistering diseases are unavailable at present, some studies implicate NK cells in disease progression. For instance, information on the role of NK cells in psoriasis and their production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) will be provided since several TNF-α-inhibitors are used in its treatment. Studies on alopecia areata are also included in this paper because NK cells seem to play a key role in its pathogenesis. This review highlights the potential importance of NK cells and NKT cells as members of the large repertoire of cells and soluble mediators that play a critical role in pathogenesis of blistering diseases and other autoimmune diseases involving the skin. Therefore, the authors advocate a greater focus and interest on the study of the interaction of NK cells and the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Zakka
- Center for Blistering Diseases, Boston, MA 02120, USA
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40
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Alterations in KLRB1 gene expression and a Scandinavian multiple sclerosis association study of the KLRB1 SNP rs4763655. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 19:1100-3. [PMID: 21610746 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease affecting genetically susceptible individuals. A genome-wide association study performed by the International MS Genetics Consortium identified several putative susceptibility genes; among these, the KLRB1 gene is represented by the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4763655. We could confirm a marginally significant association between rs4763655 and MS (P=0.046, odds ratio=1.06 (1.00-1.13)) in a large Scandinavian case-control study of 5367 MS patients and 4485 controls. The expression of KLRB1 in blood from MS patients was higher compared with healthy controls (P<0.001), and the KLRB1 expression decreased significantly (P<0.001) after interferon (IFN)-β treatment. KLRB1 was expressed in T and natural killer (NK) cells, and expression mainly decreased in NK cells in patients treated with IFN-β. Collectively, our results indicate that KLRB1 gene expression is altered in MS and likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, whereas rs4763655 in KLRB1 seems to have a minimal role in MS susceptibility.
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41
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Huang Z, Fu B, Zheng SG, Li X, Sun R, Tian Z, Wei H. Involvement of CD226+ NK cells in immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 186:3421-31. [PMID: 21296979 PMCID: PMC3097030 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of immune systems, including innate and adaptive immunity, is responsible for the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). NK cells are a major part of the innate immune system, and diminished populations of NK cells have been reported in SLE patients. However, the mechanisms behind this decrease and the role of NK cells in SLE pathogenesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that a deficiency of NK cells, especially CD226(+) NK cells, is prominent in patients with active SLE. Meanwhile, expression of the CD226 ligands CD112 and CD155 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells is observed in SLE patients; thus, activation of CD226(+) NK cells may be induced by CD226-ligand interactions. Furthermore, IFN-α, which is mainly produced by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, can mediate the activation-induced cell death of NK cells. Therefore, these processes likely contribute to the loss of NK cells in patients with active SLE. Despite the impaired cytotoxicity of peripheral NK cells in human SLE patients and mouse SLE models, we provide evidence that CD226(+) NK cells infiltrate the kidneys of predisease MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Kidney-infiltrating NK cells displayed an activated phenotype and a marked ability to produce cytotoxic granules. These results suggest that, before apoptosis, activated NK cells can infiltrate tissues and, to some extent, mediate tissue injury by producing cytotoxic granules and immunoregulatory cytokines.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/physiology
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Kidney/immunology
- Kidney/pathology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/etiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred MRL lpr
- Middle Aged
- Young Adult
- T Lineage-Specific Activation Antigen 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Huang
- Institute of Immunology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Binqing Fu
- Institute of Immunology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Institute of Immunology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Institute of Immunology, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Institute of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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Qin H, Lee IF, Panagiotopoulos C, Wang X, Chu AD, Utz PJ, Priatel JJ, Tan R. Natural killer cells from children with type 1 diabetes have defects in NKG2D-dependent function and signaling. Diabetes 2011; 60:857-66. [PMID: 21270236 PMCID: PMC3046846 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural killer (NK) cells from NOD mice have numeric and functional abnormalities, and restoration of NK cell function prevents autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. However, little is known about the number and function of NK cells in humans affected by type 1 diabetes. Therefore, we evaluated the phenotype and function of NK cells in a large cohort of type 1 diabetic children. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear blood cells were obtained from subjects whose duration of disease was between 6 months and 2 years. NK cells were characterized by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays, and cytotoxicity assays. Signaling through the activating NK cell receptor, NKG2D, was assessed by immunoblotting and reverse-phase phosphoprotein lysate microarray. RESULTS NK cells from type 1 diabetic subjects were present at reduced cell numbers compared with age-matched, nondiabetic control subjects and had diminished responses to the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15. Analysis before and after IL-2 stimulation revealed that unlike NK cells from nondiabetic control subjects, NK cells from type 1 diabetic subjects failed to downregulate the NKG2D ligands, major histocompatibility complex class I-related chains A and B, upon activation. Moreover, type 1 diabetic NK cells also exhibited decreased NKG2D-dependent cytotoxicity and interferon-γ secretion. Finally, type 1 diabetic NK cells showed clear defects in NKG2D-mediated activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS These results are the first to demonstrate that type 1 diabetic subjects have aberrant signaling through the NKG2D receptor and suggest that NK cell dysfunction contributes to the autoimmune pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilian Qin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia Child and Family Research Institute, Immunity in Health and Disease, British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - I-Fang Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia Child and Family Research Institute, Immunity in Health and Disease, British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Constadina Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia Child and Family Research Institute, Immunity in Health and Disease, British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alvina D. Chu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - John J. Priatel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia Child and Family Research Institute, Immunity in Health and Disease, British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rusung Tan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia Child and Family Research Institute, Immunity in Health and Disease, British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Schleinitz N, Vély F, Harlé JR, Vivier E. Natural killer cells in human autoimmune diseases. Immunology 2010; 131:451-8. [PMID: 21039469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have been implicated in tumour surveillance and in the early control of several microbial infections. In autoimmune disease their involvement in these processes has been evaluated in animal models, with conflicting results. Both a disease-controlling and a disease-promoting role have been suggested. In human autoimmune disease only a few studies, mainly descriptive, have demonstrated qualitative and quantitative modification of NK cells. These changes were observed on blood- or tissue-infiltrating NK cells. Taken together with our expanding knowledge of the genetical variability of NK cell receptors and NK cell physiology, these findings pave the way for the dissection of the role of NK cells in human autoimmune diseases. NK cells may be directly involved in these diseases through their potential autoreactivity or through their interaction with dendritic cells, macrophages or T lymphocytes, thereby inducing excessive inflammation or favouring the adaptive autoimmune response. Thus, NK cells may be implicated in the onset, the maintenance or the progression of autoimmune diseases. Some reports also suggest the involvement of NK cells in the treatment of human autoimmune disease by biotherapies. All these observations suggest that NK cells are involved in the complex processes of autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, further careful analysis of NK cells at different steps of these diseases, in different tissues and through combined genetical and functional studies will contribute to a better understanding of their role in autoimmune diseases. This knowledge might allow the development of new therapeutic strategies based on NK cells for the treatment of some autoimmune diseases.
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44
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Höglund P, Brodin P. Current perspectives of natural killer cell education by MHC class I molecules. Nat Rev Immunol 2010; 10:724-34. [PMID: 20818413 DOI: 10.1038/nri2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
From the early days of natural killer (NK) cell research, it was clear that MHC genes controlled the specificity of mouse NK cell-dependent responses, such as the ability to reject transplanted allogeneic bone marrow and to kill tumour cells. Although several mechanisms that are involved in this 'education' process have been clarified, most of the mechanisms have still to be identified. Here, we review the current understanding of the processes that are involved in NK cell education, including how the host MHC class I molecules regulate responsiveness and receptor repertoire formation in NK cells and the signalling pathways that are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Höglund
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhou H, Chen L, You Y, Zou L, Zou P. Foxp3-transduced polyclonal regulatory T cells suppress NK cell functions in a TGF-beta dependent manner. Autoimmunity 2010; 43:299-307. [PMID: 20166879 DOI: 10.3109/08916930903405875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) are a unique population of T cells that maintain immune tolerance and are essential in host suppression of autoimmune diseases. Natural killer (NK) cells are an important component of the innate immune system and respond to insults. Recent studies demonstrate that NK cells may play a vital role during the onset and progression of certain autoimmune diseases. The decreased or abolished regulation by Treg cells on NK cells may lead to the abnormal autoimmune response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the suppressive effect of Foxp3-transduced CD4(+) T cells on NK cell functions, and thus to present a possible method for managing NK cell-related autoimmune abnormalities. This study showed that forced Foxp3 expression in polyclonal CD4(+) T cells could obtain Treg cells phenotype, including specifically expressing CD25, transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) and CTLA-4. Since NK cells have two major immunological properties--cytotoxicity and cytokine production, we observed that transduction-induced Treg cells decreased NK cell cytotoxicity obviously, and dramatically downregulated the interferon-gamma secretion of NK cell responding to IL-12 stimulation. Moreover, it was found that cell-cell interaction was essential for suppression of NK cell functions, and TGF-beta played a vital role in the inhibition process. These results indicate that the forced Foxp3 expression in polyclonal CD4(+) T cells could induce Treg cells and potentially inhibit NK cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Institute of Hematology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430022, China
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46
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CD161 receptor participates in both impairing NK cell cytotoxicity and the response to glycans and vimentin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 2010; 136:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Abbi KK, Rizvi SM, Sivik J, Thyagarajan S, Loughran T, Drabick JJ. Guillain–Barré syndrome after use of alemtuzumab (Campath) in a patient with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: A case report and review of the literature. Leuk Res 2010; 34:e154-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Aktas E, Erten G, Kucuksezer UC, Deniz G. Natural killer cells: versatile roles in autoimmune and infectious diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 5:405-20. [PMID: 20477037 DOI: 10.1586/eci.09.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential members of innate immunity and they rapidly respond to a variety of insults via cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity. Effector functions of NK cells form an important first line of innate immunity against viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, as well as an important bridge for the activation of adaptive immune responses. The control of NK-cell activation and killing is now understood to be a highly complex system of diverse inhibitory and activatory receptor-ligand interactions, sensing changes in MHC expression. NK cells have a functional role in innate immunity as the primary source of NK-cell-derived immunoregulatory cytokines, which have been identified in target organs of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases, and play a critical role in early defense against infectious agents. This review focuses on recent research of NK cells, summarizing their potential immunoregulatory role in modulating autoimmunity and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Aktas
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine (DETAE), Istanbul University, 34393 Istanbul, Turkey.
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Chen XY, Zhuang YL, Li L, Zhang WW, Huang LL. The effect of mifepristone on the peripheral blood natural killer cell's cytotoxicity and expression of CD94/NKG2A and NKG2D during the implantation phase. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:2615-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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50
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Akesson C, Uvebrant K, Oderup C, Lynch K, Harris RA, Lernmark A, Agardh CD, Cilio CM. Altered natural killer (NK) cell frequency and phenotype in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) prior to insulin deficiency. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 161:48-56. [PMID: 20408863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 10% of the patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have detectable serum levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies (GADA). These patients usually progress to insulin dependency within a few years, and are classified as being latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). A decrease in the frequency of peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells has been reported recently in recent-onset T1D and in high-risk individuals prior to the clinical onset. As NK cells in LADA patients have been investigated scarcely, the aim of this study was to use multicolour flow cytometry to define possible deficiencies or abnormalities in the frequency or activation state of NK cells in LADA patients prior to insulin dependency. All patients were GADA-positive and metabolically compensated, but none were insulin-dependent at the time blood samples were taken. LADA patients exhibited a significant decrease in NK cell frequency in peripheral blood compared to healthy individuals (P=0.0018), as reported previously for recent-onset T1D patients. Interestingly, NKG2D expression was increased significantly (P<0.0001), whereas killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)3DL1 expression was decreased (P<0.0001) within the NK cell population. These observations highlight a defect in both frequency and activation status of NK cells in LADA patients and suggest that this immunological alteration may contribute to the development of autoimmune diabetes by affecting peripheral tolerance. Indeed, recent evidence has demonstrated a regulatory function for NK cells in autoimmunity. Moreover, the decrease in NK cell number concords with observations obtained in recent-onset T1D, implying that similar immunological dysfunctions may contribute to the progression of both LADA and T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Akesson
- Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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