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Kayalar Ö, Rajabi H, Konyalilar N, Mortazavi D, Aksoy GT, Wang J, Bayram H. Impact of particulate air pollution on airway injury and epithelial plasticity; underlying mechanisms. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324552. [PMID: 38524119 PMCID: PMC10957538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Air pollution plays an important role in the mortality and morbidity of chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Particulate matter (PM) is a significant fraction of air pollutants, and studies have demonstrated that it can cause airway inflammation and injury. The airway epithelium forms the first barrier of defense against inhaled toxicants, such as PM. Airway epithelial cells clear airways from inhaled irritants and orchestrate the inflammatory response of airways to these irritants by secreting various lipid mediators, growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. Studies suggest that PM plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic airway diseases by impairing mucociliary function, deteriorating epithelial barrier integrity, and inducing the production of inflammatory mediators while modulating the proliferation and death of airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, PM can modulate epithelial plasticity and airway remodeling, which play central roles in asthma and COPD. This review focuses on the effects of PM on airway injury and epithelial plasticity, and the underlying mechanisms involving mucociliary activity, epithelial barrier function, airway inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, mesenchymal-epithelial transition, and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgecan Kayalar
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hadi Rajabi
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nur Konyalilar
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Mortazavi
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Tuşe Aksoy
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Koç University, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Mao ZD, Liu ZG, Qian Y, Shi YJ, Zhou LZ, Zhang Q, Qi CJ. RNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis to Reveal Potential Biomarkers in Patients with Combined Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Syndrome. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6211-6225. [PMID: 38145010 PMCID: PMC10748568 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s438758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) is a concurrent clinical or subclinical allergic symptom of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract. This study is the first to explore the expression profiles of mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in CARAS using RNA sequencing, which may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying CARAS. Material and Methods Whole blood samples from nine participants (three CARAS patients, three AR patients, and three normal control participants) were subjected to perform RNA sequencing, followed by identification of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Then, lncRNA/circRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs were constructed, followed by functional analysis, immune infiltration analysis, drug prediction, and expression validation with RT-qPCR and ELISA. Results The results showed that 61 DEmRNAs, 23 DElncRNAs and 3 DEcircRNAs may be related to the occurrence and development of CARAS. KRT8 may be implicated in the development of AR into CARAS. Three immunity-related mRNAs (IDO1, CYSLTR2, and TEC) and two hypoxia-related mRNAs (TKTL1 and VLDLR) were associated with the occurrence and development of CARAS. TEC may be considered a drug target for Dasatinib in treating CARAS. Several lncRNA/circRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs were identified in CARAS, including LINC00452/MIR4280HG/hsa_circ_0007272/hsa_circ_0070934-CLC, HEATR6-DT/LINC00639/LINC01783/hsa_circ_0008903-TEC, RP11-71L14.3-IDO1/SMPD3, RP11-178F10.2-IDO1/HRH4, and hsa_circ_0008903-CYSLTR2, which may indicate potential regulatory effects of lncRNAs/circRNAs in CARAS. Dysregulated levels of immune cell infiltration may be closely related to CARAS. Conclusion The regulating effect of lncRNA/circRNA-immunity/hypoxia-related mRNA regulatory pairs may be involved in the occurrence and development of CARAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Dao Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Guang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jia Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian-Zheng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jian Qi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang M, Zhou JX, Huang CQ, Feng KN, Zou XL, Cen JM, Meng P, Li HT, Zhang TT. IL-38 alleviates airway remodeling in chronic asthma via blocking the profibrotic effect of IL-36γ. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:260-274. [PMID: 37586814 PMCID: PMC10719219 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a major feature of asthma. Interleukin (IL)-36γ is significantly upregulated and promotes airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in asthma, but its role in airway remodeling is unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-36γ in airway remodeling, and whether IL-38 can alleviate airway remodeling in chronic asthma by blocking the effects of IL-36γ. IL-36γ was quantified in mice inhaled with house dust mite (HDM). Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in lung tissues and AHR were assessed following IL-36γ administration to mice. Airway inflammation, AHR, and remodeling were evaluated after IL-38 or blocking IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) treatment in asthmatic mice. The effects of lung fibroblasts stimulated with IL-36γ and IL-38 were quantified in vitro. Increased expression of IL-36γ was detected in lung tissues of HDM-induced asthmatic mice. The intratracheal instillation of IL-36γ to mice significantly enhanced the ECM deposition, AHR, and the number of activated lung fibroblasts around the airways. IL-38 or blocking IL-36R treated asthmatic mice showed a significant alleviation in the airway inflammation, AHR, airway remodeling, and number of activated fibroblasts around airways as compared with the HDM group. In vitro, IL-36γ promoted the activation and migration of human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1). The administration of IL-38 can counteract these biological processes induced by IL-36γ in HFL-1cells. The results indicated that IL-38 can mitigate airway remodeling by blocking the profibrotic effects of IL-36γ in chronic asthma. IL-36γ may be a new therapeutic target, and IL-38 is a potential candidate agent for inhibiting airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Xia Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chu-Qin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kang-Ni Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie-Mei Cen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Institute of Respiratory Disease of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Parekh AB. House dust mite allergens, store-operated Ca 2+ channels and asthma. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 38054814 DOI: 10.1113/jp284931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The house dust mite is the principal source of aero-allergen worldwide. Exposure to mite-derived allergens is associated with the development of asthma in susceptible individuals, and the majority of asthmatics are allergic to the mite. Mite-derived allergens are functionally diverse and activate multiple cell types within the lung that result in chronic inflammation. Allergens activate store-operated Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, which are widely expressed in multiple cell types within the lung that are associated with the pathogenesis of asthma. Opening of CRAC channels stimulates Ca2+ -dependent transcription factors, including nuclear factor of activated T cells and nuclear factor-κB, which drive expression of a plethora of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that help to sustain chronic inflammation. Here, I describe drivers of asthma, properties of mite-derived allergens, how the allergens are recognized by cells, the signalling pathways used by the receptors and how these are transduced into functional effects, with a focus on CRAC channels. In vivo experiments that demonstrate the effectiveness of targeting CRAC channels as a potential new therapy for treating mite-induced asthma are also discussed, in tandem with other possible approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant B Parekh
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
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Petpiroon N, Netkueakul W, Sukrak K, Wang C, Liang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Li Q, Kamran R, Naruse K, Aueviriyavit S, Takahashi K. Development of lung tissue models and their applications. Life Sci 2023; 334:122208. [PMID: 37884207 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are important organs that play a critical role in the development of specific diseases, as well as responding to the effects of drugs, chemicals, and environmental pollutants. Due to the ethical concerns around animal testing, alternative methods have been sought which are more time-effective, do not pose ethical issues for animals, do not involve species differences, and provide easy investigation of the pathobiology of lung diseases. Several national and international organizations are working to accelerate the development and implementation of structurally and functionally complex tissue models as alternatives to animal testing, particularly for the lung. Unfortunately, to date, there is no lung tissue model that has been accepted by regulatory agencies for use in inhalation toxicology. This review discusses the challenges involved in developing a relevant lung tissue model derived from human cells such as cell lines, primary cells, and pluripotent stem cells. It also introduces examples of two-dimensional (2D) air-liquid interface and monocultured and co-cultured three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques, particularly organoid culture and 3D bioprinting. Furthermore, it reviews development of the lung-on-a-chip model to mimic the microenvironment and physiological performance. The applications of lung tissue models in various studies, especially disease modeling, viral respiratory infection, and environmental toxicology will be also introduced. The development of a relevant lung tissue model is extremely important for standardizing and validation the in vitro models for inhalation toxicity and other studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalinrat Petpiroon
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Woranan Netkueakul
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sukrak
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Thailand Network Center on Air Quality Management: TAQM, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chen Wang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yin Liang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yun Liu
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Qiang Li
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Rumaisa Kamran
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keiji Naruse
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Sasitorn Aueviriyavit
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ward, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Savin IA, Zenkova MA, Sen’kova AV. Bronchial Asthma, Airway Remodeling and Lung Fibrosis as Successive Steps of One Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16042. [PMID: 38003234 PMCID: PMC10671561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by persistent respiratory system inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, and airflow obstruction. Airway remodeling, defined as changes in airway wall structure such as extensive epithelial damage, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, collagen deposition, and subepithelial fibrosis, is a key feature of asthma. Lung fibrosis is a common occurrence in the pathogenesis of fatal and long-term asthma, and it is associated with disease severity and resistance to therapy. It can thus be regarded as an irreversible consequence of asthma-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. Asthma heterogeneity presents several diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing between chronic asthma and other pulmonary diseases characterized by disruption of normal lung architecture and functions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The search for instruments that can predict the development of irreversible structural changes in the lungs, such as chronic components of airway remodeling and fibrosis, is particularly difficult. To overcome these challenges, significant efforts are being directed toward the discovery and investigation of molecular characteristics and biomarkers capable of distinguishing between different types of asthma as well as between asthma and other pulmonary disorders with similar structural characteristics. The main features of bronchial asthma etiology, pathogenesis, and morphological characteristics as well as asthma-associated airway remodeling and lung fibrosis as successive stages of one process will be discussed in this review. The most common murine models and biomarkers of asthma progression and post-asthmatic fibrosis will also be covered. The molecular mechanisms and key cellular players of the asthmatic process described and systematized in this review are intended to help in the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets for asthma prediction and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrent’ev Ave 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.A.S.); (M.A.Z.)
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Siddiqui S, Bachert C, Bjermer L, Buchheit KM, Castro M, Qin Y, Rupani H, Sagara H, Howarth P, Taillé C. Eosinophils and tissue remodeling: Relevance to airway disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:841-857. [PMID: 37343842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability of human tissue to reorganize and restore its existing structure underlies tissue homeostasis in the healthy airways, but in disease can persist without normal resolution, leading to an altered airway structure. Eosinophils play a cardinal role in airway remodeling both in health and disease, driving epithelial homeostasis and extracellular matrix turnover. Physiological consequences associated with eosinophil-driven remodeling include impaired lung function and reduced bronchodilator reversibility in asthma, and obstructed airflow in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Given the contribution of airway remodeling to the development and persistence of symptoms in airways disease, targeting remodeling is an important therapeutic consideration. Indeed, there is early evidence that eosinophil attenuation may reduce remodeling and disease progression in asthma. This review provides an overview of tissue remodeling in both health and airway disease with a particular focus on eosinophilic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, as well as the role of eosinophils in these processes and the implications for therapeutic interventions. Areas for future research are also noted, to help improve our understanding of the homeostatic and pathological roles of eosinophils in tissue remodeling, which should aid the development of targeted and effective treatments for eosinophilic diseases of the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Siddiqui
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Claus Bachert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany; First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, International Airway Research Center, Guangzhou, China; Division of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Respiratory Medicine, and Allergology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathleen M Buchheit
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Diseases Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, NC
| | - Yimin Qin
- Global Medical Affairs, Global Specialty and Primary Care, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Hitasha Rupani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University, School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Howarth
- Global Medical, Global Specialty and Primary Care, GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Camille Taillé
- Pneumology Department, Reference Center for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unit 1152, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Spector C, De Sanctis CM, Panettieri RA, Koziol-White CJ. Rhinovirus induces airway remodeling: what are the physiological consequences? Respir Res 2023; 24:238. [PMID: 37773065 PMCID: PMC10540383 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus infections commonly evoke asthma exacerbations in children and adults. Recurrent asthma exacerbations are associated with injury-repair responses in the airways that collectively contribute to airway remodeling. The physiological consequences of airway remodeling can manifest as irreversible airway obstruction and diminished responsiveness to bronchodilators. Structural cells of the airway, including epithelial cells, smooth muscle, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and adjacent lung vascular endothelial cells represent an understudied and emerging source of cellular and extracellular soluble mediators and matrix components that contribute to airway remodeling in a rhinovirus-evoked inflammatory environment. MAIN BODY While mechanistic pathways associated with rhinovirus-induced airway remodeling are still not fully characterized, infected airway epithelial cells robustly produce type 2 cytokines and chemokines, as well as pro-angiogenic and fibroblast activating factors that act in a paracrine manner on neighboring airway cells to stimulate remodeling responses. Morphological transformation of structural cells in response to rhinovirus promotes remodeling phenotypes including induction of mucus hypersecretion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Rhinovirus exposure elicits airway hyperresponsiveness contributing to irreversible airway obstruction. This obstruction can occur as a consequence of sub-epithelial thickening mediated by smooth muscle migration and myofibroblast activity, or through independent mechanisms mediated by modulation of the β2 agonist receptor activation and its responsiveness to bronchodilators. Differential cellular responses emerge in response to rhinovirus infection that predispose asthmatic individuals to persistent signatures of airway remodeling, including exaggerated type 2 inflammation, enhanced extracellular matrix deposition, and robust production of pro-angiogenic mediators. CONCLUSIONS Few therapies address symptoms of rhinovirus-induced airway remodeling, though understanding the contribution of structural cells to these processes may elucidate future translational targets to alleviate symptoms of rhinovirus-induced exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Spector
- Rutgers Institute for Translation Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Camden M De Sanctis
- Rutgers Institute for Translation Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Doni Jayavelu N, Altman MC, Benson B, Dufort MJ, Vanderwall ER, Rich LM, White MP, Becker PM, Togias A, Jackson DJ, Debley JS. Type 2 inflammation reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication in the airway epithelium in allergic asthma through functional alteration of ciliated epithelial cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:56-67. [PMID: 37001649 PMCID: PMC10052850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite well-known susceptibilities to other respiratory viral infections, individuals with allergic asthma have shown reduced susceptibility to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE We sought to identify mechanisms whereby type 2 inflammation in the airway protects against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by using bronchial airway epithelial cells (AECs) from aeroallergen-sensitized children with asthma and healthy nonsensitized children. METHODS We measured SARS-CoV-2 replication and ACE2 protein and performed bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of ex vivo infected AEC samples with SARS-CoV-2 infection and with or without IL-13 treatment. RESULTS We observed that viral replication was lower in AECs from children with allergic asthma than those from in healthy nonsensitized children and that IL-13 treatment reduced viral replication only in children with allergic asthma and not in healthy children. Lower viral transcript levels were associated with a downregulation of functional pathways of the ciliated epithelium related to differentiation as well as cilia and axoneme production and function, rather than lower ACE2 expression or increases in goblet cells or mucus secretion pathways. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing identified specific subsets of relatively undifferentiated ciliated epithelium (which are common in allergic asthma and highly responsive to IL-13) that directly accounted for impaired viral replication. CONCLUSION Our results identify a novel mechanism of innate protection against SARS-CoV-2 in allergic asthma that provides important molecular and clinical insights during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Doni Jayavelu
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Wash
| | - Matthew C Altman
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Wash; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash.
| | - Basilin Benson
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash
| | - Matthew J Dufort
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Wash
| | - Elizabeth R Vanderwall
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Lucille M Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Maria P White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Patrice M Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
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Gautam Y, Caldwell J, Kottyan L, Chehade M, Dellon ES, Rothenberg ME, Mersha TB. Genome-wide admixture and association analysis identifies African ancestry-specific risk loci of eosinophilic esophagitis in African Americans. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1337-1350. [PMID: 36400179 PMCID: PMC10164699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), a chronic allergic inflammatory disease, is linked to multiple genetic risk factors, but studies have focused on populations of European ancestry. Few studies have assessed Black or African American (AA) populations for loci involved in EoE susceptibility. OBJECTIVE We performed admixture mapping (AM) and genome-wide association study (GWAS) of EoE using participants from AA populations. METHODS We conducted AM and GWAS of EoE using 137 EoE cases and 1465 healthy controls from the AA population. Samples were genotyped using molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA). Genotype imputation was carried out with the Consortium on Asthma Among African-Ancestry Populations in the Americas (CAAPA) reference panel using the Michigan Imputation Server. Global and local ancestry inference was carried out, followed by fine mapping and RNA sequencing. After quality control filtering, over 6,000,000 variants were tested by logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, and global ancestry. RESULTS The global African ancestry proportion was found to be significantly lower among cases than controls (0.751 vs 0.786, P = .012). Case-only AM identified 3 significant loci (9p13.3, 12q24.22-23, and 15q11.2) associated with EoE, of which 12q24.22-23 and 9p13.3 were further replicated in the case-control analysis, with associations observed with African ancestry. Fine mapping and multiomic functional annotations prioritized the variants rs11068264 (FBXW8) and rs7307331 (VSIG10) at 12q24.23 and rs2297879 (ARHGEF39) at 9p13.3. GWAS identified 1 genome-wide significant locus at chromosome 1p22.3 (rs17131726, DDAH1) and 10 other suggestive loci. Most GWAS variants were low-frequency African ancestry-specific variants. RNA sequencing revealed that esophageal DDAH1 and VSIG10 were downregulated and ARHGEF39 upregulated among EoE cases. CONCLUSIONS GWAS and AM for EoE in AA revealed that African ancestry-specific genetic susceptibility loci exist at 1p22.3, 9p13.3, and 12q24.23, providing evidence of ancestry-specific inheritance of EoE. More independent genetic studies of different ancestries for EoE are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadu Gautam
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Julie Caldwell
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Leah Kottyan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mirna Chehade
- Mount Sinai Center for Eosinophilic Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Evan S Dellon
- Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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11
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Szalus K, Zysk W, Gleń J, Zabłotna M, Nowicki RJ, Trzeciak M. The Associations of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the COL3A1, COL6A5, and COL8A1 Genes with Atopic Dermatitis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040661. [PMID: 37109047 PMCID: PMC10146150 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood. Genes encoding collagens, the most abundant proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM), may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of AD. Our study aimed to estimate the associations between Col3A1/rs1800255, Col6A5 /29rs12488457, and Col8A1/rs13081855 polymorphisms and the occurrence, course, and features of AD in the Polish population. Blood samples were collected from 157 patients with AD and 111 healthy volunteers. The genotype distribution of the investigated collagens genes did not differ significantly between the AD and control subjects (p > 0.05). The AA genotype of Col3A1/rs1800255 was significantly associated with the occurrence of mild SCORAD (OR = 0.16; 95% Cl: 0.03-0.78; p = 0.02) and mild pruritus (OR = 18.5; 95% Cl: 3.48-98.40; p = 0.0006), while the GG genotype was significantly associated with severe SCORAD (OR = 6.6; 95% Cl: 1.23-32.35; p = 0.03). Regarding Col6A5/29rs12488457 polymorphism, the average SCORAD score was significantly lower in the group of patients with genotype AA than in patients with the AC genotype (39.8 vs. 53.4; p = 0.04). Nevertheless, both average SCORAD scores were high, and represent the moderate and severe grades of the diseases, respectively. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of COL3A1/ rs1800255 and Col6A5/29rs12488457 seem to be associated with AD courses and symptoms, suggesting new disease biomarkers. The modulation of collagens, the major component of the ECM, may serve as a therapeutic target of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Szalus
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Weronika Zysk
- Dermatological Students Scientific Association, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jolanta Gleń
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Zabłotna
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Roman J Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
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12
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Zheng Z, Li J, Cui Y, Wang W, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Ying S, Gao J. IRAK-M Regulates Proliferative and Invasive Phenotypes of Lung Fibroblasts. Inflammation 2023; 46:763-778. [PMID: 36577924 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts play an important role in subepithelial fibrosis, one feature for airway remodeling. IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M was shown to involve fibrosis formation in airways and lung through regulation of inflammatory responses. IRAK-M is expressed by lung fibroblasts, whether IRAK-M has direct impact on lung fibroblasts remains unclear. In this investigation, we evaluated in vitro effect of IRAK-M on phenotypes of lung fibroblasts by silencing or overexpressing IRAK-M. Murine lung fibroblasts (MLg) were stimulated with house dust mite (HDM), IL-33, and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1. Techniques of small interfering RNA or expression plasmid were employed to silence or overexpress IRAK-M in MLg fibroblast cells. Proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and fibrosis-related events were evaluated. Significant upregulation of IRAK-M expression in MLg cells was caused by these stimuli. Silencing IRAK-M significantly increased proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of lung fibroblasts regardless of stimulating conditions. By contrast, IRAK-M overexpression significantly inhibited proliferation and motility of MLg lung fibroblasts. IRAK-M overexpression also significantly decreased the expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and α-SMA in MLg cells. Under stimulation with TGFβ1 or IL-33, IRAK-M silencing reduced MMP9 production, while IRAK-M overexpression increased MMP9 production. Modulation of IRAK-M expression affected cytokines production, either decreased or increased expression of TNFα and CXCL10 by the cells regardless of stimulation. Our in vitro data reveal that IRAK-M directly impacts on lung fibroblasts through modulation of cellular motility, release of inflammatory, and fibrotic cytokines of lung fibroblasts. These might suggest a new target by regulation of IRAK-M in slowing airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoude Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ye Cui
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Mingqiang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Section of Genomic and Environmental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Yan Bai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun Ying
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongcheng District, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, #1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China.
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13
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Airway epithelial ITGB4 deficiency induces airway remodeling in a mouse model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:431-446.e16. [PMID: 36243221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway epithelial cells (AECs) with impaired barrier function contribute to airway remodeling through the activation of epithelial-mesenchymal trophic units (EMTUs). Although the decreased expression of ITGB4 in AECs is implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, how ITGB4 deficiency impacts airway remodeling remains obscure. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the effect of epithelial ITGB4 deficiency on the barrier function of AECs, asthma susceptibility, airway remodeling, and EMTU activation. METHODS AEC-specific ITGB4 conditional knockout mice (ITGB4-/-) were generated and an asthma model was employed by the sensitization and challenge of house dust mite (HDM). EMTU activation-related growth factors were examined in ITGB4-silenced primary human bronchial epithelial cells of healthy subjects after HDM stimulation. Dexamethasone, the inhibitors of JNK phosphorylation or FGF2 were administered for the identification of the molecular mechanisms of airway remodeling in HDM-exposed ITGB4-/- mice. RESULTS ITGB4 deficiency in AECs enhanced asthma susceptibility and airway remodeling by disrupting airway epithelial barrier function. Aggravated airway remodeling in HDM-exposed ITGB4-/- mice was induced through the enhanced activation of EMTU mediated by Src homology domain 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2/c-Jun N-terminal kinase/Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent transcription factor/FGF2 (SHP2/JNK/c-Jun/FGF2) signaling pathway, which was partially independent of airway inflammation. Both JNK and FGF2 inhibitors significantly inhibited the aggravated airway remodeling and EMTU activation in HDM-exposed ITGB4-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Airway epithelial ITGB4 deficiency induces airway remodeling in a mouse model of asthma through enhanced EMTU activation that is regulated by the SHP2/JNK/c-Jun/FGF2 pathway.
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Bendavid G, Hubeau C, Perin F, Gillard A, Nokin MJ, Carnet O, Gerard C, Noel A, Lefebvre P, Rocks N, Cataldo D. Role for the metalloproteinase ADAM28 in the control of airway inflammation, remodelling and responsiveness in asthma. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1067779. [PMID: 36685493 PMCID: PMC9851272 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is characterized by morphological modifications of the airways (inflammation and remodelling) and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Mechanisms linking these two key features of asthma are still poorly understood. ADAM28 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 28) might play a role in asthma pathophysiology. ADAM28 exists as membrane-bound and soluble forms and is mainly expressed by lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Methods ADAM28-/- mice and ADAM28+/+ counterparts were sensitized and exposed to ovalbumin (OVA). Airway responsiveness was measured using the flexiVent® system. After sacrifice, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and lungs were collected for analysis of airway inflammation and remodelling. Results The expression of the soluble form of ADAM28 was lower in the lungs of OVA-exposed mice (as compared to PBS-exposed mice) and progressively increased in correlation with the duration of allergen exposure. In lungs of ADAM28-/- mice exposed to allergens, the proportion of Th2 cells among CD 4 + cells and the number of B cells were decreased. Bronchial responsiveness was lower in ADAM28-/- mice exposed to allergens and similar to the responsiveness of sham-challenged mice. Similarly, features of airway remodelling (collagen deposition, smooth muscle hyperplasia, mucous hyperplasia) were significantly less developed in OVA-exposed ADAM28-/- animals in sharp contrasts to ADAM28+/+. In addition, we report the first evidence of ADAM28 RNA expression by lung fibroblasts and we unveil a decreased capacity of lung fibroblasts extracted from OVA-exposed ADAM28-/- mice to proliferate as compared to those extracted from OVA-exposed ADAM28+/+ suggesting a direct contribution of this enzyme to the modulation of airway remodelling. Conclusion These results suggest that ADAM28 might be a key contributor to the pathophysiology of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bendavid
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Liege (ULiege) and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Céline Hubeau
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Perin
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Alison Gillard
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Marie-Julie Nokin
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Oriane Carnet
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Catherine Gerard
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Liege (ULiege) and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Natacha Rocks
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege (ULiege), Liege, Belgium,Department of respiratory diseases, University of Liege (ULiege) and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Liege, Liege, Belgium,*Correspondence: Didier Cataldo,
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15
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Qian Y, Sun Y, Chen Y, Mao Z, Shi Y, Wu D, Gu B, Liu Z, Zhang Q. Nrf2 regulates downstream genes by targeting miR-29b in severe asthma and the role of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in a murine model of steroid-insensitive asthma. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:347-358. [PMID: 35171066 PMCID: PMC8856085 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2032205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is effective in treating severe asthma (SA). OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between Nrf2-miR-29b axis and SA, and to detect whether preventive use of GSPE relieves SA via it. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 10 healthy controls, 10 patients with non-severe asthma (nSA), and 9 patients with SA from February 2017 to December 2017. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these volunteers were extracted. A murine model of steroid-insensitive asthma was established in six-week-old female BALB/c mice that were sensitised and challenged with OVA, Al(OH)3 and LPS for 31 days. Mice in the treated groups were injected with DXM (5 mg/kg/d), with or without GSPE (100 mg/kg/d). Control group received PBS. We performed quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and luciferase reporter assay in animal and cell models. RESULTS SA group demonstrated significantly lower concentrations of Nrf2 protein, Nrf2 mRNA, and miR-29b than nSA group and control group. Conversely, higher levels of platelet derived growth factor C (PDGFC), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), and collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1) were measured in SA than in the other two groups. PDGFC, PIK3R1, and COL3A1 were the target genes of miR-29b. GSPE + DXM significantly elevated the expression of Nrf2 (+188%), Nrf2 mRNA (+506%), and miR-29b (+201%), and significantly reduced the expression of PDGFC (-72%), PIK3R1 (-40%), and COL3A1 (-65%) compared with OVA + LPS. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2-miR-29b axis is involved in the pathogenesis of SA. GSPE, as an adjuvant drug, maybe a potential therapeutic agent for SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qian
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yun Sun
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhengdao Mao
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yujia Shi
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Di Wu
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Bin Gu
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Aghali A, Khalfaoui L, Lagnado AB, Drake LY, Teske JJ, Pabelick CM, Passos JF, Prakash YS. Cellular senescence is increased in airway smooth muscle cells of elderly persons with asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L558-L568. [PMID: 36166734 PMCID: PMC9639764 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00146.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells can drive age-related tissue dysfunction partially via a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) involving proinflammatory and profibrotic factors. Cellular senescence has been associated with a structural and functional decline during normal lung aging and age-related diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Asthma in the elderly (AIE) represents a major healthcare burden. AIE is associated with bronchial airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling, which involves increased cell proliferation and higher rates of fibrosis, and resistant to standard therapy. Airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells play a major role in asthma such as remodeling via modulation of inflammation and the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. Whether senescent ASM cells accumulate in AIE and contribute to airway structural or functional changes is unknown. Lung tissues from elderly persons with asthma showed greater airway fibrosis compared with age-matched elderly persons with nonasthma and young age controls. Lung tissue or isolated ASM cells from elderly persons with asthma showed increased expression of multiple senescent markers including phospho-p53, p21, telomere-associated foci (TAF), as well as multiple SASP components. Senescence and SASP components were also increased with aging per se. These data highlight the presence of cellular senescence in AIE that may contribute to airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbi Aghali
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Latifa Khalfaoui
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anthony B. Lagnado
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Li Y. Drake
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jacob J. Teske
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Christina M. Pabelick
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - João F. Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Y. S. Prakash
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Bagley DC, Hernandez VL, Roberts LB, Maguire TJA, Voss F, Mertins P, Kirchner M, Peset-Martin I, Woszczek G, Rosenblatt J, Gotthardt M, Santis G, Parsons M. Epithelial coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor promotes house dust mite-induced lung inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6407. [PMID: 36302767 PMCID: PMC9613683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation and remodelling are important pathophysiologic features in asthma and other respiratory conditions. An intact epithelial cell layer is crucial to maintain lung homoeostasis, and this depends on intercellular adhesion, whilst damaged respiratory epithelium is the primary instigator of airway inflammation. The Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is highly expressed in the epithelium where it modulates cell-cell adhesion stability and facilitates immune cell transepithelial migration. However, the contribution of CAR to lung inflammation remains unclear. Here we investigate the mechanistic contribution of CAR in mediating responses to the common aeroallergen, House Dust Mite (HDM). We demonstrate that administration of HDM in mice lacking CAR in the respiratory epithelium leads to loss of peri-bronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, fewer goblet-cells and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In vitro analysis in human lung epithelial cells confirms that loss of CAR leads to reduced HDM-dependent inflammatory cytokine release and neutrophil migration. Epithelial CAR depletion also promoted smooth muscle cell proliferation mediated by GSK3β and TGF-β, basal matrix production and airway hyperresponsiveness. Our data demonstrate that CAR coordinates lung inflammation through a dual function in leucocyte recruitment and tissue remodelling and may represent an important target for future therapeutic development in inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dustin C Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J A Maguire
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Felizia Voss
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Santis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
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Shailesh H, Janahi IA. Role of Obesity in Inflammation and Remodeling of Asthmatic Airway. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070948. [PMID: 35888038 PMCID: PMC9317357 DOI: 10.3390/life12070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered as an important risk factor for the onset of asthma and plays a key role in enhancing the disease's severity. Obese asthmatic individuals represent a distinct phenotype of asthma that is associated with additional symptoms, more severe exacerbation, decreased response to standard medication, and poor quality of life. Obesity impairs the function of the lung airway in asthmatic individuals, leading to increased inflammation and severe remodeling of the bronchus; however, the molecular events that trigger such changes are not completely understood. In this manuscript, we review the current findings from studies that focused on understanding the role of obesity in modulating the functions of airway cells, including lung immune cells, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, leading to airway inflammation and remodeling. Finally, the review sheds light on the current knowledge of different therapeutic approaches for treating obese asthmatic individuals. Given the fact that the prevalence of asthma and obesity has been increasing rapidly in recent years, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms that play a role in the disease pathophysiology of obese asthmatic individuals for developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim A. Janahi
- Department of Medical Education, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-40032201
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19
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Zhu Y, Esnault S, Ge Y, Jarjour NN, Brasier AR. Airway fibrin formation cascade in allergic asthma exacerbation: implications for inflammation and remodeling. Clin Proteomics 2022; 19:15. [PMID: 35590254 PMCID: PMC9117591 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-022-09351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling in patients with asthma, which leads to a decline in pulmonary function, is likely the result of repeated exacerbations often provoked by aeroallergen exposures. Aeroallegen exposure triggers a stereotypic response orchestrated by growth factor cytokines and other protein mediators. This results in a late-phase allergic reaction characterized by vascular permeability, recruitment of activated leukocytes, and activation of structural cells of the airway. The spectrum of protein mediators and their functions are incompletely understood. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were obtained from 12 volunteers who exhibited robust eosinophilic recruitment following segmental bronchial provocation with allergen (SBP-Ag). We systematically identified and quantified proteins in BALF using high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) followed by pathway analysis and correlations with airway physiology. RESULTS Pairwise analysis of protein abundance in BALF pre- vs post-SBP-Ag revealed that 55 proteins were upregulated and 103 proteins were downregulated. We observed enrichment of groups of proteins mapping to hemostasis/fibrin clot, platelet activation, lipoprotein assembly, neutrophil degranulation proteins, and acute-phase inflammation-airway remodeling pathways. The abundances of F2 and Fibrinogen γ (FGG) correlated with eosinophil numbers, whereas SERPINA3 negatively correlated with change in FeNO. The coagulation proteins F2 and KNG negatively correlated with FN1 an index of airway remodeling. Interestingly, patients with lower FEV1 showed distinct allergen-induced patterns of 8 BALF proteins, including MUC1, alarmins (HSPB1), and actin polymerization factors. CONCLUSIONS Protein abundance of the fibrin formation cascade, platelet activation and remodeling are associated with late-phase leukocyte numbers and markers of remodeling. Patients with lower FEV1 have distinct dynamic responses to allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Zhu
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Stephane Esnault
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin-Madison, 715 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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20
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Airway epithelial interferon response to SARS-CoV-2 is inferior to rhinovirus and heterologous rhinovirus infection suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6972. [PMID: 35484173 PMCID: PMC9048621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common alphacoronaviruses and human rhinoviruses (HRV) induce type I and III interferon (IFN) responses important to limiting viral replication in the airway epithelium. In contrast, highly pathogenic betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 may evade or antagonize RNA-induced IFN I/III responses. In airway epithelial cells (AECs) from children and older adults we compared IFN I/III responses to SARS-CoV-2 and HRV-16, and assessed whether pre-infection with HRV-16, or pretreatment with recombinant IFN-β or IFN-λ, modified SARS-CoV-2 replication. Bronchial AECs from children (ages 6-18 years) and older adults (ages 60-75 years) were differentiated ex vivo to generate organotypic cultures. In a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) facility, cultures were infected with SARS-CoV-2 or HRV-16, and RNA and protein was harvested from cell lysates 96 h. following infection and supernatant was collected 48 and 96 h. following infection. In additional experiments cultures were pre-infected with HRV-16, or pre-treated with recombinant IFN-β1 or IFN-λ2 before SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a subset of experiments a range of infectious concentrations of HRV-16, SARS-CoV-2 WA-01, SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant were studied. Despite significant between-donor heterogeneity SARS-CoV-2 replicated 100 times more efficiently than HRV-16. IFNB1, INFL2, and CXCL10 gene expression and protein production following HRV-16 infection was significantly greater than following SARS-CoV-2. IFN gene expression and protein production were inversely correlated with SARS-CoV-2 replication. Treatment of cultures with recombinant IFNβ1 or IFNλ2, or pre-infection of cultures with HRV-16, markedly reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication. In addition to marked between-donor heterogeneity in IFN responses and viral replication, SARS-CoV-2 (WA-01, Delta, and Omicron variants) elicits a less robust IFN response in primary AEC cultures than does rhinovirus, and heterologous rhinovirus infection, or treatment with recombinant IFN-β1 or IFN-λ2, reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication, although to a lesser degree for the Delta and Omicron variants.
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21
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Savin IA, Markov AV, Zenkova MA, Sen’kova AV. Asthma and Post-Asthmatic Fibrosis: A Search for New Promising Molecular Markers of Transition from Acute Inflammation to Pulmonary Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051017. [PMID: 35625754 PMCID: PMC9138542 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous pulmonary disorder, the progression and chronization of which leads to airway remodeling and fibrogenesis. To understand the molecular mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis development, key genes forming the asthma-specific regulome and involved in lung fibrosis formation were revealed using a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. The bioinformatics data were validated using a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma and post-asthmatic fibrosis. The performed analysis revealed a range of well-known pro-fibrotic markers (Cat, Ccl2, Ccl4, Ccr2, Col1a1, Cxcl12, Igf1, Muc5ac/Muc5b, Spp1, Timp1) and a set of novel genes (C3, C3ar1, Col4a1, Col4a2, Cyp2e1, Fn1, Thbs1, Tyrobp) mediating fibrotic changes in lungs already at the stage of acute/subacute asthma-driven inflammation. The validation of genes related to non-allergic bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis on asthmatic/fibrotic lungs allowed us to identify new universal genes (Col4a1 and Col4a2) associated with the development of lung fibrosis regardless of its etiology. The similarities revealed in the expression profiles of nodal fibrotic genes between asthma-driven fibrosis in mice and nascent idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in humans suggest a tight association of identified genes with the early stages of airway remodeling and can be considered as promising predictors and early markers of pulmonary fibrosis.
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22
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Asthmatic Eosinophils Alter the Gene Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells and Pulmonary Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084086. [PMID: 35456903 PMCID: PMC9031271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The impaired production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) and pulmonary fibroblasts (PF) is a part of airway remodeling in asthma. This process might be influenced by eosinophils that migrate to the airway and abundantly secrete various cytokines, including TGF-β. We aimed to investigate the effect of asthmatic eosinophils on the gene expression of ECM proteins in ASMC and PF. A total of 34 study subjects were recruited: 14 with allergic asthma (AA), 9 with severe non-allergic eosinophilic asthma (SNEA), and 11 healthy subjects (HS). All AA patients underwent bronchial allergen challenge with D. pteronyssinus. The peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated using high-density centrifugation and magnetic separation. The individual cell cultures were made using hTERT ASMC and MRC-5 cell lines and the subjects’ eosinophils. The gene expression of ECM and the TGF-β signaling pathway was analyzed using qRT-PCR. We found that asthmatic eosinophils significantly promoted collagen I, fibronectin, versican, tenascin C, decorin, vitronectin, periostin, vimentin, MMP-9, ADAM33, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 gene expression in ASMC and collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, elastin, decorin, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 gene expression in PF compared with the HS eosinophil effect. The asthmatic eosinophils significantly increased the gene expression of several canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathway components in ASMC and PF compared with the HS eosinophil effect. The allergen-activated AA and SNEA eosinophils had a greater effect on these changes. In conclusion, asthmatic eosinophils, especially SNEA and allergen-activated eosinophils, imbalanced the gene expression of ECM proteins and their degradation-regulating proteins. These changes were associated with increased gene expression of TGF-β signaling pathway molecules in ASMC and PF.
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23
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Therapeutic Potential of Combining IL-6 and TNF Blockade in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073521. [PMID: 35408882 PMCID: PMC8998171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined anti-cytokine therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for uncontrolled steroid-resistant asthma. In this regard, simultaneous blockade of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling by Dupilumab (anti-IL-4Ra monoclonal antibody) was recently approved for severe eosinophilic asthma. However, no therapeutic options for neutrophilic asthma are currently available. Recent advances in our understanding of asthma pathogenesis suggest that both IL-6 and TNF may represent potential targets for treatment of severe neutrophilic asthma. Nevertheless, the efficacy of simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of TNF and IL-6 in asthma was not yet studied. To evaluate the potency of combined cytokine inhibition, we simultaneously administrated IL-6 and TNF inhibitors to BALB/c mice with HDM-induced asthma. Combined IL-6/TNF inhibition, but not individual blockade of these two cytokines, led to complex anti-inflammatory effects including reduced Th2-induced eosinophilia and less prominent Th17/Th1-mediated neutrophilic infiltrate in the airways. Taken together, our results provide evidence for therapeutic potential of combined IL-6/TNF inhibition in severe steroid-resistant asthma.
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24
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Han S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Meng S, Kong M, Liu X, Ma X. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of the Nucleus Pulposus Reveals Chondrocyte Differentiation and Regulation in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824771. [PMID: 35265617 PMCID: PMC8899542 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus pulposus (NP), a heterogeneous tissue, is an essential functional component of the intervertebral disc. However, NP cell development route and regulation mechanism in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) remain unknown. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of six NP samples with normal control, mild degeneration, and severe degeneration. Based on unbiased clustering of gene expression patterns from 30,300 single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified three cell lineage families of macrophages, endothelial, and chondrocyte cells and characterized seven chondrocyte subtypes, and defined two developmental pathways of the chondrocyte cell lineage families in the process of IVDD. Additionally, CellPhoneDB analysis revealed potential interactions between chondrocyte cells and other cells in IVDD. Chondrocytes in one of the differentiated orientations interact with macrophages and endothelial cells and have an inflammatory amplification effect, which were key factors causing IVDD. Collectively, these results revealed the dynamic cell landscape of IVDD development and offered new insights into the influence of NP cells differentiation on extracellular matrix homeostasis during degeneration, providing potential treatment targets for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Han
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianjuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengwei Meng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Kong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,970 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Weihai, China
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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25
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Wieczfinska J, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Rieske P, Pawliczak R. Curcumin modulates airway remodelling-contributing genes-the significance of transcription factors. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:736-749. [PMID: 34939316 PMCID: PMC8817128 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells and fibroblasts play an essential role in airway remodelling, due to their protective and secretory functions. There are many studies proving that infection caused by human rhinovirus may contribute to the process of airway remodelling. The beneficial properties of curcumin, the basic ingredient of turmeric, have been proved in many studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was the evaluation of curcumin immunomodulatory properties in development of airway remodelling. Fibroblasts (WI‐38 and HFL1) and epithelial cells (NHBE) were incubated with curcumin. Additionally, remodelling conditions were induced with rhinovirus (HRV). Airway remodelling genes were determined by qPCR and immunoblotting. Moreover, NF‐κB, c‐Myc and STAT3 were silenced to analyse the pathways involved in airway remodelling. Curcumin reduced the expression of the genes analysed, especially MMP‐9, TGF‐β and collagen I. Moreover, curcumin inhibited the HRV‐induced expression of MMP‐9, TGF‐β, collagen I and LTC4S (p < 0.05). NF‐κB, c‐Myc and STAT3 changed their course of expression. Concluding, our study shows that curcumin significantly downregulated gene expression related to the remodelling process, which is dependent on NF‐κB and, partially, on c‐Myc and STAT3. The results suggest that the remodelling process may be limited and possibly prevented, however this issue requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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26
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Vanderwall ER, Barrow KA, Rich LM, Read DF, Trapnell C, Okoloko O, Ziegler SF, Hallstrand TS, White MP, Debley JS. Airway epithelial interferon response to SARS-CoV-2 is inferior to rhinovirus and heterologous rhinovirus infection suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34845445 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.20.469409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Common alphacoronaviruses and human rhinoviruses (HRV) induce type I and III interferon (IFN) responses important to limiting viral replication in the airway epithelium. In contrast, highly pathogenic betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 may evade or antagonize RNA-induced IFN I/III responses. METHODS In airway epithelial cells (AECs) from children and older adults we compared IFN I/III responses to SARS-CoV-2 and HRV-16, and assessed whether pre-infection with HRV-16, or pretreatment with recombinant IFN-β or IFN-λ, modified SARS-CoV-2 replication. Bronchial AECs from children (ages 6-18 yrs.) and older adults (ages 60-75 yrs.) were differentiated ex vivo to generate organotypic cultures. In a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) facility, cultures were infected with SARS-CoV-2 or HRV-16, and RNA and protein was harvested from cell lysates 96 hrs. following infection and supernatant was collected 48 and 96 hrs. following infection. In additional experiments cultures were pre-infected with HRV-16, or pre-treated with recombinant IFN-β1 or IFN-λ2 before SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS Despite significant between-donor heterogeneity SARS-CoV-2 replicated 100 times more efficiently than HRV-16. IFNB1, INFL2, and CXCL10 gene expression and protein production following HRV-16 infection was significantly greater than following SARS-CoV-2. IFN gene expression and protein production were inversely correlated with SARS-CoV-2 replication. Treatment of cultures with recombinant IFNβ1 or IFNλ2, or pre-infection of cultures with HRV-16, markedly reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication. DISCUSSION In addition to marked between-donor heterogeneity in IFN responses and viral replication, SARS-CoV-2 elicits a less robust IFN response in primary AEC cultures than does rhinovirus, and heterologous rhinovirus infection, or treatment with recombinant IFN-β1 or IFN-λ2, markedly reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication.
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27
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Okoloko O, Vanderwall ER, Rich LM, White MP, Reeves SR, Harrington WE, Barrow KA, Debley JS. Effect of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Treatment on ACE2 Expression and SARS-CoV-2 Replication in Primary Airway Epithelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:765951. [PMID: 34867390 PMCID: PMC8641911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.765951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: SARS-CoV-2 gains entrance to airway epithelial cells (AECs) through binding of the viral spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell surface. However, ACE2 also converts angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1-7) and counterbalances the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, with resultant protective effects in the cardiovascular system. Some data suggest that two common antihypertension medications (angiotensin II receptor antagonists, ARBs; and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, ACEIs) may increase ACE2 expression in heart and kidney cells, fueling debate about how these widely used medications may modulate SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and risk of COVID-19. Aim: Determine whether exposure of bronchial AECs to the ARB losartan or the ACEI captopril modulate expression of ACE2 by AECs, SARS CoV2 replication, or expression of proinflammatory cytokines and type I and III interferon (IFN) responses. Methods: Primary bronchial AECs from children and adults (n = 19; Ages 8-75 yrs) were differentiated ex vivo at an air-liquid interface to generate organotypic cultures. Cultures were treated with captopril (1 μM) or losartan (2 μM) with culture media changes starting 72 h before infection with SARS-CoV-2. In a biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) facility, cultures were infected with SARS-CoV-2 isolate USA-WA1/2020 at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.5. At 96 h following infection, RNA and protein were isolated. SARS-CoV-2 replication in cultures was assessed with quantitative PCR (qPCR). ACE2, IL-6, IL-1B, IFNB1, and IFNL2 expression were assessed by qPCR. Results: Neither captopril nor losartan treatment significantly changed ACE2, IL-6, IL-1B, IFNB1, or IFNL2 expression by AECs as compared to SARS-CoV-2 infected AEC cultures without captopril or losartan treatment. At 96 h following infection, SARS-CoV-2 copy number/ng RNA was not significantly different between untreated AEC cultures, cultures treated with captopril, or cultures treated with losartan. Conclusion: These findings suggest that at the level of the airway epithelium neither the ACEI captopril or ARB losartan significantly modify expression of the SARS-CoV-2 entry factor ACE2, nor does either medication increase replication SARS-CoV-2 replication. This ex vivo data is reassuring and is consistent with evolving clinical data suggesting ACEIs and ARBs do not increase the risk for poor prognosis with COVID-19 and may actually reduce the risk of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oghenemega Okoloko
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Vanderwall
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucille M. Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Maria P. White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen R. Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Whitney E. Harrington
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn A. Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jason S. Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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28
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Extracellular Vesicles in Airway Homeostasis and Pathophysiology. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11219933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial–mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) is a morphofunctional entity involved in the maintenance of the homeostasis of airways as well as in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The “muco-microbiotic layer” (MML) is the innermost layer of airways made by microbiota elements (bacteria, viruses, archaea and fungi) and the surrounding mucous matrix. The MML homeostasis is also crucial for maintaining the healthy status of organs and its alteration is at the basis of airway disorders. Nanovesicles produced by EMTU and MML elements are probably the most important tool of communication among the different cell types, including inflammatory ones. How nanovesicles produced by EMTU and MML may affect the airway integrity, leading to the onset of asthma and COPD, as well as their putative use in therapy will be discussed here.
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29
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Selo MA, Sake JA, Kim KJ, Ehrhardt C. In vitro and ex vivo models in inhalation biopharmaceutical research - advances, challenges and future perspectives. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113862. [PMID: 34256080 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral inhalation results in pulmonary drug targeting and thereby reduces systemic side effects, making it the preferred means of drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cystic fibrosis. In addition, the high alveolar surface area, relatively low enzymatic activity and rich blood supply of the distal airspaces offer a promising pathway to the systemic circulation. This is particularly advantageous when a rapid onset of pharmacological action is desired or when the drug is suffering from stability issues or poor biopharmaceutical performance following oral administration. Several cell and tissue-based in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed over the years, with the intention to realistically mimic pulmonary biological barriers. It is the aim of this review to critically discuss the available models regarding their advantages and limitations and to elaborate further which biopharmaceutical questions can and cannot be answered using the existing models.
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30
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Follistatin-Like Proteins: Structure, Functions and Biomedical Importance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080999. [PMID: 34440203 PMCID: PMC8391210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Main forms of cellular signal transmission are known to be autocrine and paracrine signaling. Several cells secrete messengers called autocrine or paracrine agents that can bind the corresponding receptors on the surface of the cells themselves or their microenvironment. Follistatin and follistatin-like proteins can be called one of the most important bifunctional messengers capable of displaying both autocrine and paracrine activity. Whilst they are not as diverse as protein hormones or protein kinases, there are only five types of proteins. However, unlike protein kinases, there are no minor proteins among them; each follistatin-like protein performs an important physiological function. These proteins are involved in a variety of signaling pathways and biological processes, having the ability to bind to receptors such as DIP2A, TLR4, BMP and some others. The activation or experimentally induced knockout of the protein-coding genes often leads to fatal consequences for individual cells and the whole body as follistatin-like proteins indirectly regulate the cell cycle, tissue differentiation, metabolic pathways, and participate in the transmission chains of the pro-inflammatory intracellular signal. Abnormal course of these processes can cause the development of oncology or apoptosis, programmed cell death. There is still no comprehensive understanding of the spectrum of mechanisms of action of follistatin-like proteins, so the systematization and study of their cellular functions and regulation is an important direction of modern molecular and cell biology. Therefore, this review focuses on follistatin-related proteins that affect multiple targets and have direct or indirect effects on cellular signaling pathways, as well as to characterize the directions of their practical application in the field of biomedicine.
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31
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Carius P, Horstmann JC, de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz C, Lehr CM. Disease Models: Lung Models for Testing Drugs Against Inflammation and Infection. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 265:157-186. [PMID: 33095300 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lung diseases have increasingly attracted interest in the past years. The all-known fear of failing treatments against severe pulmonary infections and plans of the pharmaceutical industry to limit research on anti-infectives to a minimum due to cost reasons makes infections of the lung nowadays a "hot topic." Inhalable antibiotics show promising efficacy while limiting adverse systemic effects to a minimum. Moreover, in times of increased life expectancy in developed countries, the treatment of chronic maladies implicating inflammatory diseases, like bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, becomes more and more exigent and still lacks proper treatment.In this chapter, we address in vitro models as well as necessary in vivo models to help develop new drugs for the treatment of various severe pulmonary diseases with a strong focus on infectious diseases. By first presenting the essential hands-on techniques for the setup of in vitro models, we intend to combine these with already successful and interesting model approaches to serve as some guideline for the development of future models. The overall goal is to maximize time and cost-efficacy and to minimize attrition as well as animal trials when developing novel anti-infective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Carius
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Justus C Horstmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cristiane de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany. .,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Paw M, Wnuk D, Jakieła B, Bochenek G, Sładek K, Madeja Z, Michalik M. Responsiveness of human bronchial fibroblasts and epithelial cells from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors to the transforming growth factor-β 1 in epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit model. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:19. [PMID: 33711932 PMCID: PMC7953709 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The asthma-related airway wall remodeling is associated i.a. with a damage of bronchial epithelium and subepithelial fibrosis. Functional interactions between human bronchial epithelial cells and human bronchial fibroblasts are known as the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU) and are necessary for a proper functioning of lung tissue. However, a high concentration of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the asthmatic bronchi drives the structural disintegrity of epithelium with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the bronchial epithelial cells, and of subepithelial fibrosis with the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) of the bronchial fibroblasts. Since previous reports indicate different intrinsic properties of the human bronchial epithelial cells and human bronchial fibroblasts which affect their EMT/FMT potential beetween cells derived from asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients, cultured separatelly in vitro, we were interested to see whether corresponding effects could be obtained in a co-culture of the bronchial epithelial cells and bronchial fibroblasts. In this study, we investigate the effects of the TGF-β1 on the EMT markers of the bronchial epithelial cells cultured in the air-liquid-interface and effectiveness of FMT in the bronchial fibroblast populations in the EMTU models. RESULTS Our results show that the asthmatic co-cultures are more sensitive to the TGF-β1 than the non-asthmatic ones, which is associated with a higher potential of the asthmatic bronchial cells for a profibrotic response, analogously to be observed in '2D' cultures. They also indicate a noticeable impact of human bronchial epithelial cells on the TGF-β1-induced FMT, stronger in the asthmatic bronchial fibroblast populations in comparison to the non-asthmatic ones. Moreover, our results suggest the protective effects of fibroblasts on the structure of the TGF-β1-exposed mucociliary differentiated bronchial epithelial cells and their EMT potential. CONCLUSIONS Our data are the first to demonstrate a protective effect of the human bronchial fibroblasts on the properties of the human bronchial epithelial cells, which suggests that intrinsic properties of not only epithelium but also subepithelial fibroblasts affect a proper condition and function of the EMTU in both normal and asthmatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogdan Jakieła
- Division of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Bochenek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sładek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-378, Kraków, Poland.
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Barrow KA, Rich LM, Vanderwall ER, Reeves SR, Rathe JA, White MP, Debley JS. Inactivation of Material from SARS-CoV-2-Infected Primary Airway Epithelial Cell Cultures. Methods Protoc 2021; 4:mps4010007. [PMID: 33430421 PMCID: PMC7839057 DOI: 10.3390/mps4010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that the airway epithelium is the initial site of infection, study of primary human airway epithelial cells (AEC) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be crucial to improved understanding of viral entry factors and innate immune responses to the virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidance recommends work with live SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture be conducted in a Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) laboratory. To facilitate downstream assays of materials from experiments there is a need for validated protocols for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation to facilitate safe transfer of material out of a BSL-3 laboratory. We propagated stocks of SARS-CoV-2, then evaluated the effectiveness of heat (65 °C) or ultraviolet (UV) light inactivation. We infected differentiated human primary AECs with SARS-CoV-2, then tested protocols designed to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in supernatant, protein isolate, RNA, and cells fixed for immunohistochemistry by exposing Vero E6 cells to materials isolated/treated using these protocols. Heating to 65 °C for 10 min or exposing to UV light fully inactivated SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we found in SARS-CoV-2-infected primary AEC cultures that treatment of supernatant with UV light, isolation of RNA with Trizol®, isolation of protein using a protocol including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 0.1% and Triton X100 1%, and fixation of AECs using 10% formalin and Triton X100 1%, each fully inactivated SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn A. Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Lucille M. Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Elizabeth R. Vanderwall
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Stephen R. Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Rathe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA;
| | - Maria P. White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Jason S. Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; (K.A.B.); (L.M.R.); (E.R.V.); (S.R.R.); (M.P.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kellar GG, Reeves SR, Barrow KA, Debley JS, Wight TN, Ziegler SF. Juvenile, but Not Adult, Mice Display Increased Myeloid Recruitment and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:3050-3057. [PMID: 33097575 PMCID: PMC7747670 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Early life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has been linked to the onset of asthma. Despite this association, our knowledge of the progression of the initial viral infection is limited, and no safe or effective vaccine currently exists. Bronchioalveolar lavage, whole-lung cellular isolation, and gene expression analysis were performed on 3-wk- (juvenile) and 8-wk-old (adult) RSV-infected C57BL/6 mice to investigate age-related differences in immunologic responses; juvenile mice displayed a sustained myeloid infiltrate (including monocytes and neutrophils) with increased RNA expression of Ccl2, Ccl3, and Ccl4, when compared with adult mice, at 72 h postinfection. Juvenile mice demonstrated αSma expression (indicative of myofibroblast activity), increased hyaluronan deposition in the lung parenchyma (attributed to asthma progression), and a lack of CD64 upregulation on the surface of monocytes (which, in conjunction with serum amyloid P, is responsible for clearing residual hyaluronan and cellular debris). RSV infection of human airway epithelial cell, human lung fibroblast, and U937 monocyte cocultures (at air-liquid interface) displayed similar CCL expression and suggested matrix metalloproteinase-7 and MMP9 as possible extracellular matrix modifiers. These mouse data, in conjunction with our findings in human monocytes, suggest that the sustained influx of myeloid cells in the lungs of juvenile mice during acute RSV infection could potentiate extracellular matrix remodeling, facilitating conditions that support the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald G Kellar
- U.S. Army, Department of Defense, Arlington, VA 22202
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | - Jason S Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101
| | | | - Steven F Ziegler
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101;
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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35
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Michi AN, Love ME, Proud D. Rhinovirus-Induced Modulation of Epithelial Phenotype: Role in Asthma. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111328. [PMID: 33227953 PMCID: PMC7699223 DOI: 10.3390/v12111328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rhinoviruses have been linked both to the susceptibility of asthma development and to the triggering of acute exacerbations. Given that the human airway epithelial cell is the primary site of human rhinovirus (HRV) infection and replication, the current review focuses on how HRV-induced modulation of several aspects of epithelial cell phenotype could contribute to the development of asthma or to the induction of exacerbations. Modification of epithelial proinflammatory and antiviral responses are considered, as are alterations in an epithelial barrier function and cell phenotype. The contributions of the epithelium to airway remodeling and to the potential modulation of immune responses are also considered. The potential interactions of each type of HRV-induced epithelial phenotypic changes with allergic sensitization and allergic phenotype are also considered in the context of asthma development and of acute exacerbations.
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36
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Bissonnette EY, Lauzon-Joset JF, Debley JS, Ziegler SF. Cross-Talk Between Alveolar Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells is Essential to Maintain Lung Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583042. [PMID: 33178214 PMCID: PMC7593577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main function of the lung is to perform gas exchange while maintaining lung homeostasis despite environmental pathogenic and non-pathogenic elements contained in inhaled air. Resident cells must keep lung homeostasis and eliminate pathogens by inducing protective immune response and silently remove innocuous particles. Which lung cell type is crucial for this function is still subject to debate, with reports favoring either alveolar macrophages (AMs) or lung epithelial cells (ECs) including airway and alveolar ECs. AMs are the main immune cells in the lung in steady-state and their function is mainly to dampen inflammatory responses. In addition, they phagocytose inhaled particles and apoptotic cells and can initiate and resolve inflammatory responses to pathogens. Although AMs release a plethora of mediators that modulate immune responses, ECs also play an essential role as they are more than just a physical barrier. They produce anti-microbial peptides and can secrete a variety of mediators that can modulate immune responses and AM functions. Furthermore, ECs can maintain AMs in a quiescent state by expressing anti-inflammatory membrane proteins such as CD200. Thus, AMs and ECs are both very important to maintain lung homeostasis and have to coordinate their action to protect the organism against infection. Thus, AMs and lung ECs communicate with each other using different mechanisms including mediators, membrane glycoproteins and their receptors, gap junction channels, and extracellular vesicles. This review will revisit characteristics and functions of AMs and lung ECs as well as different communication mechanisms these cells utilize to maintain lung immune balance and response to pathogens. A better understanding of the cross-talk between AMs and lung ECs may help develop new therapeutic strategies for lung pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Y Bissonnette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lauzon-Joset
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Department of Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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37
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What Have In Vitro Co-Culture Models Taught Us about the Contribution of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions to Airway Inflammation and Remodeling in Asthma? Cells 2020; 9:cells9071694. [PMID: 32679790 PMCID: PMC7408556 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the lung develops, epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk is essential for the developmental processes that drive cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production within the lung epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit (EMTU). In asthma, a number of the lung EMTU developmental signals have been associated with airway inflammation and remodeling, which has led to the hypothesis that aberrant activation of the asthmatic EMTU may lead to disease pathogenesis. Monoculture studies have aided in the understanding of the altered phenotype of airway epithelial and mesenchymal cells and their contribution to the pathogenesis of asthma. However, 3-dimensional (3D) co-culture models are needed to enable the study of epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk in the setting of the in vivo environment. In this review, we summarize studies using 3D co-culture models to assess how defective epithelial-mesenchymal communication contributes to chronic airway inflammation and remodeling within the asthmatic EMTU.
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38
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Epithelial-interleukin-1 inhibits collagen formation by airway fibroblasts: Implications for asthma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8721. [PMID: 32457454 PMCID: PMC7250866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In asthma, the airway epithelium has an impaired capacity to differentiate and plays a key role in the development of airway inflammation and remodeling through mediator release. The study objective was to investigate the release of (IL)-1 family members from primary airway epithelial-cells during differentiation, and how they affect primary airway fibroblast (PAF)-induced inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and collagen I remodeling. The release of IL-1α/β and IL-33 during airway epithelial differentiation was assessed over 20-days using air-liquid interface cultures. The effect of IL-1 family cytokines on airway fibroblasts grown on collagen-coated well-plates and 3-dimensional collagen gels was assessed by measurement of inflammatory mediators and ECM proteins by ELISA and western blot, as well as collagen fiber formation using non-linear optical microscopy after 24-hours. The production of IL-1α is elevated in undifferentiated asthmatic-PAECs compared to controls. IL-1α/β induced fibroblast pro-inflammatory responses (CXCL8/IL-8, IL-6, TSLP, GM-CSF) and suppressed ECM-production (collagen, fibronectin, periostin) and the cell’s ability to repair and remodel fibrillar collagen I via LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 activity, as confirmed by inhibition with β-aminopropionitrile. These data support a role for epithelial-derived-IL-1 in the dysregulated repair of the asthmatic-EMTU and provides new insights into the contribution of airway fibroblasts in inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma.
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Hough KP, Curtiss ML, Blain TJ, Liu RM, Trevor J, Deshane JS, Thannickal VJ. Airway Remodeling in Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:191. [PMID: 32509793 PMCID: PMC7253669 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways that may result from exposure to allergens or other environmental irritants, resulting in bronchoconstriction, wheezing, and shortness of breath. The structural changes of the airways associated with asthma, broadly referred to as airway remodeling, is a pathological feature of chronic asthma that contributes to the clinical manifestations of the disease. Airway remodeling in asthma constitutes cellular and extracellular matrix changes in the large and small airways, epithelial cell apoptosis, airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, and fibroblast activation. These pathological changes in the airway are orchestrated by crosstalk of different cell types within the airway wall and submucosa. Environmental exposures to dust, chemicals, and cigarette smoke can initiate the cascade of pro-inflammatory responses that trigger airway remodeling through paracrine signaling and mechanostimulatory cues that drive airway remodeling. In this review, we explore three integrated and dynamic processes in airway remodeling: (1) initiation by epithelial cells; (2) amplification by immune cells; and (3) mesenchymal effector functions. Furthermore, we explore the role of inflammaging in the dysregulated and persistent inflammatory response that perpetuates airway remodeling in elderly asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Hough
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Miranda L Curtiss
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Trevor J Blain
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jennifer Trevor
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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40
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Engineering multi-layered tissue constructs using acoustic levitation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9789. [PMID: 31278312 PMCID: PMC6611909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering tissue structures that mimic those found in vivo remains a challenge for modern biology. We demonstrate a new technique for engineering composite structures of cells comprising layers of heterogeneous cell types. An acoustofluidic bioreactor is used to assemble epithelial cells into a sheet-like structure. On transferring these cell sheets to a confluent layer of fibroblasts, the epithelial cells cover the fibroblast surface by collective migration maintaining distinct epithelial and fibroblast cell layers. The collective behaviour of the epithelium is dependent on the formation of cell-cell junctions during levitation and contrasts with the behaviour of mono-dispersed epithelial cells where cell-matrix interactions dominate and hinder formation of discrete cell layers. The multilayered tissue model is shown to form a polarised epithelial barrier and respond to apical challenge. The method is useful for engineering a wide range of layered tissue types and mechanistic studies on collective cell migration.
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Altman MC, Gill MA, Whalen E, Babineau DC, Shao B, Liu AH, Jepson B, Gruchalla RS, O'Connor GT, Pongracic JA, Kercsmar CM, Khurana Hershey GK, Zoratti EM, Johnson CC, Teach SJ, Kattan M, Bacharier LB, Beigelman A, Sigelman SM, Presnell S, Gern JE, Gergen PJ, Wheatley LM, Togias A, Busse WW, Jackson DJ. Transcriptome networks identify mechanisms of viral and nonviral asthma exacerbations in children. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:637-651. [PMID: 30962590 PMCID: PMC6472965 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections are common precursors to asthma exacerbations in children, but molecular immune responses that determine whether and how an infection causes an exacerbation are poorly understood. By using systems-scale network analysis, we identify repertoires of cellular transcriptional pathways that lead to and underlie distinct patterns of asthma exacerbation. Specifically, in both virus-associated and nonviral exacerbations, we demonstrate a set of core exacerbation modules, among which epithelial-associated SMAD3 signaling is upregulated and lymphocyte response pathways are downregulated early in exacerbation, followed by later upregulation of effector pathways including epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, extracellular matrix production, mucus hypersecretion, and eosinophil activation. We show an additional set of multiple inflammatory cell pathways involved in virus-associated exacerbations, in contrast to squamous cell pathways associated with nonviral exacerbations. Our work introduces an in vivo molecular platform to investigate, in a clinical setting, both the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic targets to modify exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Altman
- Department of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Michelle A Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Whalen
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Baomei Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew H Liu
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Rebecca S Gruchalla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - George T O'Connor
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meyer Kattan
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonard B Bacharier
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Avraham Beigelman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steve M Sigelman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Presnell
- Systems Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James E Gern
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peter J Gergen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Wheatley
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alkis Togias
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William W Busse
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Michalik M, Wójcik-Pszczoła K, Paw M, Wnuk D, Koczurkiewicz P, Sanak M, Pękala E, Madeja Z. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in bronchial asthma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3943-3961. [PMID: 30101406 PMCID: PMC6182337 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which bronchial wall remodelling plays a significant role. This phenomenon is related to enhanced proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells, elevated extracellular matrix protein secretion and an increased number of myofibroblasts. Phenotypic fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition represents one of the primary mechanisms by which myofibroblasts arise in fibrotic lung tissue. Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition requires a combination of several types of factors, the most important of which are divided into humoural and mechanical factors, as well as certain extracellular matrix proteins. Despite intensive research on the nature of this process, its underlying mechanisms during bronchial airway wall remodelling in asthma are not yet fully clarified. This review focuses on what is known about the nature of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in asthma. We aim to consider possible mechanisms and conditions that may play an important role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition but have not yet been discussed in this context. Recent studies have shown that some inherent and previously undescribed features of fibroblasts can also play a significant role in fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. Differences observed between asthmatic and non-asthmatic bronchial fibroblasts (e.g., response to transforming growth factor β, cell shape, elasticity, and protein expression profile) may have a crucial influence on this phenomenon. An accurate understanding and recognition of all factors affecting fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition might provide an opportunity to discover efficient methods of counteracting this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Michalik
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Wójcik-Pszczoła
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Milena Paw
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Wnuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Division of Molecular Biology and Clinical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8, 31-066, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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43
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Fibroblast gene expression following asthmatic bronchial epithelial cell conditioning correlates with epithelial donor lung function and exacerbation history. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15768. [PMID: 30361541 PMCID: PMC6202408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling may contribute to decreased lung function in asthmatic children. Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) may regulate fibroblast expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT). Our objective was to determine if human lung fibroblast (HLF) expression of collagen I (COL1A1), hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), and the FMT marker alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) by HLFs conditioned by BECs from asthmatic and healthy children correlate with lung function measures and exacerbation history among BEC donors. BECs from asthmatic (n = 23) and healthy children (n = 15) were differentiated at an air-liquid interface (ALI) and then co-cultured with HLFs for 96 hours. Expression of COL1A1, HAS2, and α-SMA by HLFs was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). FMT was quantified by measuring HLF cytoskeletal α-SMA by flow cytometry. Pro-collagen Iα1, hyaluronan (HA), and PGE2 were measured in BEC-HLF supernatant. Correlations between lung function measures of BEC donors, and COL1A1, HAS2, and α-SMA gene expression, as well as supernatant concentrations of HA, pro-collagen Iα1, hyaluronan (HA), and PGE2 were assessed. We observed that expression of α-SMA and COL1A1 by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs was negatively correlated with BEC donor lung function. BEC-HLF supernatant concentrations of pro-collagen Iα1 were negatively correlated, and PGE2 concentrations positively correlated, with asthmatic BEC donor lung function. Expression of HAS2, but not α-SMA or COL1A1, was greater by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs from donors with a history of severe exacerbations than by HLFs co-cultured with BECs from donors who lacked a history of severe exacerbations. In conclusion, α-SMA and COL1A1 expression by HLFs co-cultured with BECs from asthmatic children were negatively correlated with lung function measures, supporting our hypothesis that epithelial regulation of HLFs and airway deposition of ECM constituents by HLFs contributes to lung function deficits among asthmatic children. Furthermore, epithelial regulation of airway HAS2 may influence the susceptibility of children with asthma to experience severe exacerbations. Finally, epithelial-derived PGE2 is a potential regulator of airway FMT and HLF production of collagen I that should be investigated further in future studies.
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Kuwabara Y, Kobayashi T, D'Alessandro-Gabazza CN, Toda M, Yasuma T, Nishihama K, Takeshita A, Fujimoto H, Nagao M, Fujisawa T, Gabazza EC. Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Eosinophil-Mediated Airway Remodeling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2163. [PMID: 30294331 PMCID: PMC6158585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is responsible for the progressive decline of lung function in bronchial asthma. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition are involved in tissue remodeling. Here we evaluated whether eosinophils play a role in fibroblasts-to-myofibroblasts transition and in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2. We co-cultured human eosinophils with human fetal lung fibroblast-1 cells, assessed the expression of remodeling-associated molecules by immunoassays and polymerase-chain reaction, and eosinophils-mediated migration of human fetal lung fibroblast-1 cells using a Boyden chamber. To clarify the participation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in airway remodeling we administered bone marrow-derived eosinophils by intra-tracheal route to transgenic mice overexpressing the human matrix metalloproteinase-2. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin significantly increased in human fetal lung fibroblast-1 cells co-cultured with human eosinophils compared to controls. There was enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 during fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition. An inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases blocked eosinophils-associated fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and increased migration of fibroblasts. The human matrix metalloproteinase-2 transgenic mice receiving adoptive transfer of mouse eosinophils exhibited increased inflammation and advanced airway remodeling compared to wild type mice. This study demonstrated that eosinophils induce fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2, accelerated migration of fibroblasts, and promote matrix metalloproteinase-2-related airway remodeling. These findings provide a novel mechanistic pathway for eosinophil-associated airway remodeling in bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kuwabara
- Allergy Center, Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Masaaki Toda
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Taro Yasuma
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Kota Nishihama
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Atsuro Takeshita
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hajime Fujimoto
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nagao
- Allergy Center, Mie National Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Esteban C Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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Reeves SR, Kang I, Chan CK, Barrow KA, Kolstad TK, White MP, Ziegler SF, Wight TN, Debley JS. Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells promote the establishment of a Hyaluronan-enriched, leukocyte-adhesive extracellular matrix by lung fibroblasts. Respir Res 2018; 19:146. [PMID: 30071849 PMCID: PMC6090698 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway inflammation is a hallmark of asthma. Alterations in extracellular matrix (ECM) hyaluronan (HA) content have been shown to modulate the recruitment and retention of inflammatory cells. Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) regulate the activity of human lung fibroblasts (HLFs); however, their contribution in regulating HLF production of HA in asthma is unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that BECs from asthmatic children promote the generation of a pro-inflammatory, HA-enriched ECM by HLFs, which promotes the retention of leukocytes. Methods BECs were obtained from well-characterized asthmatic and healthy children ages 6–18 years. HLFs were co-cultured with BECs for 96 h and samples were harvested for analysis of gene expression, synthesis and accumulation of HA, and subjected to a leukocyte adhesion assay with U937 monocytes. Results We observed increased expression of HA synthases HAS2 and HAS3 in HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs. Furthermore, we demonstrated greater total accumulation and increased synthesis of HA by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs compared to healthy BEC/HLF co-cultures. ECM generated by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs displayed increased HA-dependent adhesion of leukocytes in a separate in vitro binding assay. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that BEC regulation of HA production by HLFs is altered in asthma, which may in turn promote the establishment of a more leukocyte-permissive ECM promoting airway inflammation in this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0849-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. .,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Inkyung Kang
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina K Chan
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tessa K Kolstad
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria P White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason S Debley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.,Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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46
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James RG, Reeves SR, Barrow KA, White MP, Glukhova VA, Haghighi C, Seyoum D, Debley JS. Deficient Follistatin-like 3 Secretion by Asthmatic Airway Epithelium Impairs Fibroblast Regulation and Fibroblast-to-Myofibroblast Transition. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:104-113. [PMID: 29394092 PMCID: PMC6039878 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0025oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from healthy children inhibit human lung fibroblast (HLF) expression of collagen and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT), whereas asthmatic BECs do so less effectively, suggesting that diminished epithelial-derived regulatory factors contribute to airway remodeling. Preliminary data demonstrated that secretion of the activin A inhibitor follistatin-like 3 (FSTL3) by healthy BECs was greater than that by asthmatic BECs. We sought to determine the relative secretion of FSTL3 and activin A by asthmatic and healthy BECs, and whether FSTL3 inhibits FMT. To quantify the abundance of the total proteome FSTL3 and activin A in supernatants of differentiated BEC cultures from healthy children and children with asthma, we performed mass spectrometry and ELISA. HLFs were cocultured with primary BECs and then HLF expression of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was quantified by qPCR, and FMT was quantified by flow cytometry. Loss-of-function studies were conducted using lentivirus-delivered shRNA. Using mass spectrometry and ELISA results from larger cohorts, we found that FSTL3 concentrations were greater in media conditioned by healthy BECs compared with asthmatic BECs (4,012 vs. 2,553 pg/ml; P = 0.002), and in media conditioned by asthmatic BECs from children with normal lung function relative to those with airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.8; n = 9; 3,026 vs. 1,922 pg/ml; P = 0.04). shRNA depletion of FSTL3 in BECs (n = 8) increased HLF collagen I expression by 92% (P = 0.001) and α-SMA expression by 88% (P = 0.02), and increased FMT by flow cytometry in cocultured HLFs, whereas shRNA depletion of activin A (n = 6) resulted in decreased α-SMA (22%; P = 0.01) expression and decreased FMT. Together, these results indicate that deficient FSTL3 expression by asthmatic BECs impairs epithelial regulation of HLFs and FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. James
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Pharmacology, and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen R. Reeves
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kaitlyn A. Barrow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Maria P. White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Veronika A. Glukhova
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Candace Haghighi
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dana Seyoum
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jason S. Debley
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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Faber SC, McCullough SD. Through the Looking Glass: In Vitro Models for Inhalation Toxicology and Interindividual Variability in the Airway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:115-128. [PMID: 31380467 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2018.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With 7 million deaths reported annually from air pollution alone, it is evident that adverse effects of inhaled toxicant exposures remain a major public health concern in the 21st century. Assessment and characterization of the impacts of air pollutants on human health stems from epidemiological and clinical studies, which have linked both outdoor and indoor air contaminant exposure to adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular health outcomes. Studies in animal models support epidemiological findings and have been critical in identifying systemic effects of environmental chemicals on cognitive abilities, liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction following inhalation exposure. Likewise, traditional monoculture systems have aided in identifying biomarkers of susceptibility to inhaled toxicants and served as a screening platform for safety assessment of pulmonary toxicants. Despite their contributions, in vivo and classic in vitro models have not been able to accurately represent the heterogeneity of the human population and account for interindividual variability in response to inhaled toxicants and susceptibility to the adverse health effects. Development of new technologies that can investigate genetic predisposition, are cost and time efficient, and are ethically sound, will enhance elucidation of mechanisms of inhalation toxicity, and aid in the development of novel pharmaceuticals and/or safety evaluation. This review will describe the classic and novel cell-based inhalation toxicity models and how these emerging technologies can be incorporated into regulatory or nonregulatory testing to address interindividual variability and improve overall human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Faber
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shaun D McCullough
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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48
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Chen WQ, Xie ZZ, Wang X, Zhao JH, Hu Q, Chen YH, Gao WY, Liu Y. Influences of PON1 on airway inflammation and remodeling in bronchial asthma. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:793-805. [PMID: 28657647 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the influences of Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) involved in airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. Mice were divided into control, asthma, asthma + PON1 and asthma + NC groups, and asthma models were established via aerosol inhalation of ovalbumin (OVA). HE, Masson, and PAS stains were used to observe airway inflammation and remodeling, Giemsa staining to assess inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), qRT-PCR and Western blot to detect PON1 expression, lipid peroxidation and glutathione assays to quantify malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GSH) levels, ELISA to determine inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulin, and colorimetry to detect PON1 activities. Additionally, mice lung macrophages and fibroblasts were transfected with PON1 plasmid in vitro; ELISA and qRT-PCR were performed to understand the effects of PON1 on inflammatory cytokines secreted by lung macrophages, MTT assay for lung fibroblasts proliferation and qRT-PCR and Western blot for the expressions of PON1, COL1A1, and fibronectin. After overexpression of PON1, the asthma mice had decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrosis degree, and airway wall thickness; inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokines in BALF were also reduced, expressions of OVA-IgE and IgG1, and MDA activity were decreased, but the expressions of OVA-IgG2a and INF-γ and GSH levels were increased. Besides, PON1 significantly inhibited microphage expression of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines, lung fibroblast proliferation, and COL1A1 and fibronectin expression. Thus, PON1 could relieve airway inflammation and airway remodeling in asthmatic mice and inhibit the secretion of LPS-induced macrophage inflammatory cytokines and the proliferation of lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, No.2 People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zuo-Zhou Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, No.2 People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, No.2 People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hong Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, No.2 People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, No.2 People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Hua Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, No.2 People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yong Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, No.2 People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, No.2 People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
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Almoguera B, Vazquez L, Mentch F, Connolly J, Pacheco JA, Sundaresan AS, Peissig PL, Linneman JG, McCarty CA, Crosslin D, Carrell DS, Lingren T, Namjou-Khales B, Harley JB, Larson E, Jarvik GP, Brilliant M, Williams MS, Kullo IJ, Hysinger EB, Sleiman PMA, Hakonarson H. Identification of Four Novel Loci in Asthma in European American and African American Populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:456-463. [PMID: 27611488 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0861oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite significant advances in knowledge of the genetic architecture of asthma, specific contributors to the variability in the burden between populations remain uncovered. OBJECTIVES To identify additional genetic susceptibility factors of asthma in European American and African American populations. METHODS A phenotyping algorithm mining electronic medical records was developed and validated to recruit cases with asthma and control subjects from the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics network. Genome-wide association analyses were performed in pediatric and adult asthma cases and control subjects with European American and African American ancestry followed by metaanalysis. Nominally significant results were reanalyzed conditioning on allergy status. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The validation of the algorithm yielded an average of 95.8% positive predictive values for both cases and control subjects. The algorithm accrued 21,644 subjects (65.83% European American and 34.17% African American). We identified four novel population-specific associations with asthma after metaanalyses: loci 6p21.31, 9p21.2, and 10q21.3 in the European American population, and the PTGES gene in African Americans. TEK at 9p21.2, which encodes TIE2, has been shown to be involved in remodeling the airway wall in asthma, and the association remained significant after conditioning by allergy. PTGES, which encodes the prostaglandin E synthase, has also been linked to asthma, where deficient prostaglandin E2 synthesis has been associated with airway remodeling. CONCLUSIONS This study adds to understanding of the genetic architecture of asthma in European Americans and African Americans and reinforces the need to study populations of diverse ethnic backgrounds to identify shared and unique genetic predictors of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Almoguera
- 1 Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lyam Vazquez
- 1 Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank Mentch
- 1 Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Connolly
- 1 Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer A Pacheco
- 2 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Peggy L Peissig
- 4 Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - David Crosslin
- 6 University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Todd Lingren
- 8 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - John B Harley
- 8 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,9 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Eric Larson
- 7 Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- 6 University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Erik B Hysinger
- 1 Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick M A Sleiman
- 1 Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,11 Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- 1 Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,11 Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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50
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Hackett TL, Ferrante SC, Hoptay CE, Engelhardt JF, Ingram JL, Zhang Y, Alcala SE, Shaheen F, Matz E, Pillai DK, Freishtat RJ. A Heterotopic Xenograft Model of Human Airways for Investigating Fibrosis in Asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:291-299. [PMID: 27788019 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0065ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited in vivo models exist to investigate the lung airway epithelial role in repair, regeneration, and pathology of chronic lung diseases. Herein, we introduce a novel animal model in asthma-a xenograft system integrating a differentiating human asthmatic airway epithelium with an actively remodeling rodent mesenchyme in an immunocompromised murine host. Human asthmatic and nonasthmatic airway epithelial cells were seeded into decellularized rat tracheas. Tracheas were ligated to a sterile cassette and implanted subcutaneously in the flanks of nude mice. Grafts were harvested at 2, 4, or 6 weeks for tissue histology, fibrillar collagen, and transforming growth factor-β activation analysis. We compared immunostaining in these xenografts to human lungs. Grafted epithelial cells generated a differentiated epithelium containing basal, ciliated, and mucus-expressing cells. By 4 weeks postengraftment, asthmatic epithelia showed decreased numbers of ciliated cells and decreased E-cadherin expression compared with nonasthmatic grafts, similar to human lungs. Grafts seeded with asthmatic epithelial cells had three times more fibrillar collagen and induction of transforming growth factor-β isoforms at 6 weeks postengraftment compared with nonasthmatic grafts. Asthmatic epithelium alone is sufficient to drive aberrant mesenchymal remodeling with fibrillar collagen deposition in asthmatic xenografts. Moreover, this xenograft system represents an advance over current asthma models in that it permits direct assessment of the epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillie-Louise Hackett
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Claire E Hoptay
- 3 Children's Research Institute: Center for Genetic Medicine Research
| | - John F Engelhardt
- 4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Jennifer L Ingram
- 5 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yulong Zhang
- 4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
| | - Sarah E Alcala
- 3 Children's Research Institute: Center for Genetic Medicine Research
| | - Furquan Shaheen
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ethan Matz
- 2 Department of Integrative Systems Biology and
| | - Dinesh K Pillai
- 2 Department of Integrative Systems Biology and.,7 Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C.,6 Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, and
| | - Robert J Freishtat
- 2 Department of Integrative Systems Biology and.,7 Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, D.C.,8 Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C
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