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Wang X, Cao X, Yu J, Jin S, Li S, Chen L, Liu Z, Ge X, Lu Y. Associations of perceived stress with loneliness and depressive symptoms: the mediating role of sleep quality. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:172. [PMID: 38429635 PMCID: PMC10905934 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether perceived stress is associated with loneliness and depressive symptoms in general adults, and to what extent sleep quality mediates the associations, remains unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the associations of perceived stress with loneliness and depressive symptoms, and the mediating role of sleep quality in these associations. METHODS Cross-sectional data on 734 participants (aged 18-87 years) were analyzed. Perceived stress was assessed using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10; range 0-40). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; range 0-21). Loneliness was assessed using the three-item short form of the Revised University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness scale (range 3-9). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD-10) Scale (range 0-30). General linear regression models, multivariable logistic regression models, and formal mediation analysis were performed. RESULTS After adjustment for age and sex, we found that with each 1-point increment in the perceived stress score, both the loneliness score (β = 0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06, 0.08) and depression score (β = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.40, 0.49) increased significantly. Robust results were observed when adjusting for more confounders. Furthermore, sleep quality mediated 5.3% (95% CI: 1.3%, 10.0%; P = 0.014) and 9.7% (95% CI: 6.2%, 14.0%; P < 0.001) of the associations of perceived stress score with loneliness score and depression score, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In general Chinese adults, perceived stress was positively associated with loneliness and depressive symptoms, and sleep quality partially mediated these associations. The findings reveal a potential pathway from perceived stress to mental health through sleep behaviors, and highlight the importance of implementing sleep intervention programs for promoting mental health among those who feel highly stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of General Practice, Dongyang People's Hospital, 322100, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingqi Cao
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiening Yu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuyi Jin
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengyi Li
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Liying Chen
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310016, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zuyun Liu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xuan Ge
- Health Management Center, Dongyang People's Hospital, 322100, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yangzhen Lu
- Department of General Practice, Dongyang People's Hospital, 322100, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
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Mori N, Miyanaka D, Tokita M, Kawada M, Sakakibara K, Hamsyah F, Yuheng L, Shimazu A. Job demands and temporomandibular disorders: mediating and moderating effects of psychological distress and recovery experiences. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiad001. [PMID: 38258933 PMCID: PMC10963059 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship between recovery experience, job demands, psychological distress, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in Japanese workers. METHODS It used cross-sectional data from the fourth survey of a multi-wave longitudinal project, conducted using the registered monitors of an internet research company. Finally, 1278 respondents' data were analyzed (655 males, 623 females; mean [SD] age = 41.63 [10.31] years). We utilized Sugiaski's TMD screening question to assess TMD prevalence, Brief Job Stress Questionnaire to assess job demands, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) to assess psychological distress, and the Japanese version of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire to assess recovery experiences. The moderated mediation analysis was conducted using the Process macro program for SPSS developed by Preacher and Hayes, examining the effect of job demands on TMD through psychological distress, moderated by the recovery experience. RESULTS The results showed that 13.1% (n = 168) of the respondents had TMD. Mediation analysis indicated high job demands were associated with an increased TMD prevalence through psychological distress. The moderated mediation analysis revealed that relaxation and control moderated the relationship between job demands and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study established the relationship between job demands, psychological distress, and TMD among Japanese workers. The findings suggest that increased job demands contribute to high TMD prevalence through the mediation of psychological distress, moderated by relaxation and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naana Mori
- Keio Research Institute at SFC, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miyanaka
- Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
- Better Options, Inc, Tokyo 170-0005, Japan
| | - Masahito Tokita
- Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Michiko Kawada
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Keiko Sakakibara
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Sociology, Toyo University, Tokyo 112-8606, Japan
| | - Fuad Hamsyah
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
- Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Lin Yuheng
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
| | - Akihito Shimazu
- Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan
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Liu J, Yu X, Kong L, Zhou X. Prevalence and factors associated with smartphone addiction among nursing postgraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multilevel study from China's mainland. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:915. [PMID: 38057732 PMCID: PMC10699056 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05369-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone addiction is prevalent among college students, and there is a concern that the COVID-19 pandemic may bring an increased prevalence of smartphone addiction due to constant online classes and repeat quarantine policies. This study aims to assess the prevalence and influencing factors of smartphone addiction among Chinese nursing postgraduates during the pandemic by examining variables, including loneliness, perceived stress, resilience, and sense of security. METHODS This online cross-sectional survey recruited 224 nursing postgraduates in four cities in 2022, using Smartphone Addiction Scale for College Students, the Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3, Chinese version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Security Questionnaire. Hierarchical regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed to explore the associated factors and predictors of smartphone addiction. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of smartphone addiction was 10.41%. There was a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and loneliness, perceived stress (P < 0.001), and a negative relationship with resilience and sense of security (P < 0.001). The logistic regression analysis identified five risk factors that contribute to smartphone addiction, including daily duration of using a smartphone (3-5 h) (OR = 11.085, 95%CI = 1.21-101.79), numbers of smartphone (OR = 3.704, 95%CI = 1.33-10.30), perceived stress (OR = 1.163, 95%CI = 1.06-1.28), loneliness (OR = 1.071, 95%CI = 1.01-1.13), age of using a smartphone first time (OR = 0.754, 95%CI = 0.60-0.95). Two protective factors, resilience (OR = 1.098, 95%CI = 1.01-1.20) and sense of security (OR = 0.950, 95%CI = 0.90-1.00), were identified. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, smartphone addiction was prevalent among nursing postgraduates, and loneliness and perceived stress are important risk factors for smartphone addiction. Therefore, administrators should adopt targeted interventions to reduce smartphone addiction and the negative impacts on the psychological well-being of nursing postgraduates during a sudden outbreak of a national epidemic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingfeng Yu
- The Nursing Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - Lingna Kong
- School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Xinjie D, Runlian H, Ahmed O, Cho E, Chung S. Mediating Role of Viral Anxiety and Insomnia in Relationship Between Work-Related Stress and Depression Among Cold Chain Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e338. [PMID: 37935165 PMCID: PMC10627729 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here we investigated whether cold chain workers' insomnia, work-related stress, and viral anxiety contributed to their depression. Furthermore, we investigated the role of viral anxiety in mediating the association between work-related stress and depressive symptoms. METHODS All 200 invited cold chain workers voluntarily responded to an online survey. All were working at a market in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China, and responsible for testing nucleic acids in imported cold chain foods and disinfecting outer packaging at government request. We collected their demographic variables and rated their symptoms using the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 Items (SAVE-6), Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey (MBI-GS). RESULTS Cold chain workers' depression was significantly correlated with higher SAVE-6 (r = 0.450, P < 0.01), ISI (r = 0.603, P < 0.01), MBI-GS (r = 0.481, P < 0.01), and PSS (r = 0.390, P < 0.01) scores. SAVE-6 score was significantly correlated with ISI (r = 0.462, P < 0.01), MBI-GS (r = 0.305, P < 0.01), and PSS (r = 0.268, P < 0.01) scores. Linear regression revealed that their depression was predicted by SAVE-6 (β = 0.183, P = 0.003), ISI (β = 0.409, P < 0.001), and MBI-GS (β = 0.236, P = 0.002, adjusted R² = 0.440, F = 40.04, P < 0.001) scores. Mediation analysis showed that their burnout directly influenced their depression, while viral anxiety or insomnia severity mediated the influence of burnout on depression. CONCLUSION The study showed that burnout was a direct cause of depression and that viral anxiety and insomnia severity mediated the relationship between burnout and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Xinjie
- College of Health, Yuncheng Vocational and Technical University, Yuncheng, Shanxi, China
| | - He Runlian
- Department of Nursing, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Oli Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eulah Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Gao L, Wang LL, Yang R, Yang XJ, Zhou SJ. Anxiety, Depression, Perceived Stress, and Burnout Among Chinese Researchers: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4209-4220. [PMID: 37868653 PMCID: PMC10590070 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s431011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Depression and anxiety have a significant impact on an individuals' work and personal life alike. The mental health of researchers is a significant concern worldwide. This study investigated the mental health status of Chinese researchers specifically and explored the moderating effects of perceived stress on the influence of low self-accomplishment on anxiety and depression. Methods The online survey platform "Survey Star" was used to create a questionnaire to be distributed to researchers, with 949 questionnaires retrieved. The general information questionnaire, 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) were used for this investigation. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to investigate correlations among the relevant variables. Model 8 of PROCESS 3.3 program was used to analyze the moderating effects of perceived stress. Results Among the 949 participants, 570 (60.1%) reported symptoms of depression and 431 (45.4%) had symptoms of anxiety, with about one in six reporting symptoms of self-harm or suicidal ideation. Perceived stress was found to moderate the effect of low self-accomplishment on depression and anxiety. Conclusion Here we show that researchers exhibit a high rate of depression and anxiety symptoms. Perceived stress is also shown to play a moderating role on the influence of low self-accomplishment on anxiety and depression. Thus, reducing perceived stress levels can help to improve the mental health of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gao
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei-Lei Wang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jie Yang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Zhou
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Iqbal RM, Binti Riza Effendi NI, Syed Alwi SS, Saidi HI, Sarchio SNE. Insomnia and depression levels among Malaysian undergraduate students in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) during Movement Control Order (MCO). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283098. [PMID: 37816038 PMCID: PMC10564170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 has caused the implementation of the movement control order (MCO) which aimed to reduce the spread in Covid-19 infections. While some may find it easy to adjust to the new norm, others found it difficult to switch from their normal routines and habits as according to the MCO SOP. This resulted in a more frequent insomnia and depression that subsequently impacted their mental health. Insomnia and depression levels are examined in this study as they relate to the Covid-19 Pandemic and the MCO among Malaysian undergraduate health sciences students at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM. Random sampling methods were utilised with consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were the instrument packages used in this investigation. An internet platform was used to distribute the questionnaire. Based on the results, it is concluded that depression and insomnia are significantly correlated, with a p-value of 0.05. This study also revealed the link between the severity of insomnia and the severity of depression among UPM students studying health sciences. The percentage of students with depression and insomnia was rather high (54.9% and 33.9%, respectively), and this occurred during the second wave of Covid-19 cases in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Muhammad Iqbal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Ilyana Binti Riza Effendi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Sakinah Syed Alwi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasni Idayu Saidi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seri Narti Edayu Sarchio
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Seong H, Park J. Symptom profiles and their influencing factors among people with subjective cognitive decline: a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey using latent class analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072236. [PMID: 37620262 PMCID: PMC10450090 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjective cognitive decline, self-perceived cognitive deterioration without objective impairment, is becoming a vital health indicator, especially due to its intermediate stage between normal function and mild cognitive impairment. Cognitive decline often coexists with various symptoms that may interact with each other, serve as prognostic indicators and influence the progression of cognitive decline. This study aims to identify symptom clusters among individuals with subjective cognitive decline, using latent class analysis, and to identify factors affecting these symptom clusters, offering insights into understanding and potentially preventing cognitive decline progression. DESIGN AND SETTING A secondary data analysis of the nationally representative cross-sectional data obtained from the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey. OUTCOMES We performed latent class analysis using six symptoms (pain, sleep deprivation, depression, fatigue, restlessness and apathy) to determine the distinct symptom clusters. After selecting the best latent class model, we identified factors influencing those symptom clusters using multinomial logistic regression analyses. RESULTS We found that a three-latent-class model best fitted the data: a low symptom-burden group (39.9%), a moderate symptom-burden group (44.8%) and a high symptom-burden group (15.3%). Male gender, higher age, higher perceived health status and lower perceived stress status, were strongly associated with lesser odds of being in the moderate (OR: 0.37 (95% CI: 0.33 to 0.41)) to OR: 2.20 (95% CI: 2.03 to 2.39)) and high symptom-burden groups (OR: 0.18 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.21)) to OR: 8.53 (95% CI: 7.68 to 9.49)) as compared with being in the low symptom-burden group. CONCLUSION Findings may contribute to improving clinical practitioners' understanding of the unique symptom patterns experienced by people with subjective cognitive decline and their influencing factors. Furthermore, we recommend that formal caregivers screen and manage prevalent symptoms considering the factors affecting the symptoms of people with subjective cognitive decline in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hohyun Seong
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jongmin Park
- College of Nursing, Research Institue of Nursing Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea (the Republic of)
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Wu J, Kuan G, Lou H, Hu X, Masri MN, Sabo A, Kueh YC. The impact of COVID-19 on students' anxiety and its clarification: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134703. [PMID: 37691784 PMCID: PMC10484512 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the emergence of COVID-19 in 2019, every country in the world has been affected to varying degrees. Long-term psychological pressure and anxiety will inevitably damage the physical and mental health of students. This study aimed to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on students who experienced stress and anxiety and to clarify which intervention was more effective. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted between January 2020 and December 2022 using online databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar by using the following keywords in combination: "COVID-19," "stress," "anxiety," "depression," and "intervention." The retrieved literature was screened and reviewed. Results A total of 2,924 articles were retrieved using subject and keyword searches. After screening through the titles and abstracts, 18 related studies were retained. Their review revealed that: (1) most studies did not use medication to control stress and anxiety; (2) the standard methods used to reduce stress and anxiety were religion, psychological counseling, learning more about COVID-19 through the media, online mindfulness courses, improving sleep quality, and physical exercise; (3) the most effective interventions were physical activity and raising awareness about COVID-19 through the media and online mindfulness programs. However, some studies show that physical activity cannot directly relieve psychological stress and anxiety. Conclusion Limited interventions are effective, but learning more about COVID-19 and using active coping strategies may help reduce stress and anxiety. The implications of COVID-19 are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarun Wu
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- School of Physical Health, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Garry Kuan
- Exercise and Sports Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hu Lou
- School of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Dafang County No. 7 Middle School, Bijie, Guizhou, China
| | - Mohamad Najmi Masri
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdulwali Sabo
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Cheng J, Liao M, He Z, Xiong R, Ju Y, Liu J, Liu B, Wu B, Zhang Y. Mental health and cognitive function among medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1233975. [PMID: 37575102 PMCID: PMC10416241 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1233975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chinese people experienced a nationwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic after the adjustment of epidemic response policies from December 2022 to January 2023. This study aims to explore the prevalence of mental and cognitive symptoms and their associated factors among medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between February 27th and March 8th, 2023. The symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and cognitive function among medical students were examined using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), the Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6), and the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression-5 (PDQ-D-5). Data on demographic information was also collected. Statistical analyses were conducted to describe the prevalence and explore the associated factors of mental and cognitive symptoms. Results Among 947 participants, the proportion of students experiencing anxiety, depression, insomnia, and PTSD symptoms was 37.8, 39.3, 28.3, and 29.5%, respectively. The self-reported COVID-19 infection rate was 72.2%. Higher grades, childhood, and current rural residence were identified as potential risk factors for mental and cognitive symptoms. Gender, age, average monthly household income, and COVID-19 diagnosis were not associated with mental and cognitive symptoms among medical students. Conclusion Our findings revealed a high prevalence of mental and cognitive symptoms among Chinese medical students after the COVID-19 pandemic. Special attention should be paid to the mental health of higher-grade students and those residing in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziping He
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Xiong
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yumeng Ju
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Hospital Management Office, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Mental Health Institute of Central South University, China National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Dong P, Lin X, Wu F, Lou S, Li N, Hu S, Shi L, He J, Ma Y, Bao Y, Lu L, Sun W, Sun H. Depression, anxiety, and burnout among psychiatrists during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Beijing, China. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:494. [PMID: 37430237 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rise of reported mental disorders and behavioral issues after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, psychiatrists and mental health care are urgently needed more than ever before. The psychiatric career carries a high emotional burden and stressful demands, which bring issues on psychiatrists' mental health and well-being into question. To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of depression, anxiety, and work burnout among psychiatrists in Beijing during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 6 to January 30, 2022, two years after COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic. Recruitment was performed using a convenience sample approach by sending online questionnaires to psychiatrists in Beijing. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and burnout were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS). The perceived stress and social support were measured by the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), respectively. RESULTS The data of 564 psychiatrists (median [interquartile range] age, 37 [30-43] years old) of all 1532 in Beijing were included in the statistical analysis. The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and burnout were 33.2% (95% CI, 29.3-37.1%, PHQ-9 ≥ 5), 25.4% (95% CI, 21.8-29.0%, GAD-7 ≥ 5) and 40.6% (95% CI, 36.5-44.7%, MBI-GS ≥ 3 in each of the three subdimensions), respectively. The psychiatrist with a higher score on perceived stress was more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratios [ORs]: 4.431 [95%CI, 2.907-6.752]); the anxiety symptoms (adjusted ORs: 8.280 [95%CI, 5.255-13.049]), and the burnout conditions (adjusted ORs: 9.102 [95%CI, 5.795-14.298]). Receiving high social support was an independent protective factor against symptoms of depression (adjusted ORs: 0.176 [95%CI, [0.080-0.386]), anxiety (adjusted ORs: 0.265 [95%CI, 0.111-0.630]) and burnout (adjusted ORs: 0.319 [95%CI, 0.148-0.686]). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a considerable proportion of psychiatrists also suffer from depression, anxiety, and burnout. Perceived stress and social support influence depression, anxiety, and burnout. For public health, we must work together to reduce the pressure and increase social support to mitigate mental health risks in psychiatrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Dong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fei Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sijia Lou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Na Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Sifan Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Le Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jia He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yundong Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
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11
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Li R, Liu S, Huang C, Darabi D, Zhao M, Heinzel S. The influence of perceived stress and income on mental health in China and Germany. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17344. [PMID: 37408921 PMCID: PMC10318459 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health issues affect rich and poor, young and old, and are widespread in Asia as well as in Europe. However, few studies have investigated the influence of perceived stress and income on mental health among general population in China and in Germany. Methods We conducted an online survey from December 2021 to February 2022 to investigate how perceived stress and income affect mental health among the general population in China (N = 1123) and in Germany (N = 1018). Accordingly, we used the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). We ran a multiple linear regression model to investigate the relationship between perceived stress, income, and mental health. Results Overall, we found that 53.4% participants reported mental health issues (GHQ-12 score ≥12). The proportion of our sample who reported mental health issues was higher in Germany (60.3%) than in China (44.8%). The regression model revealed that a higher perceived stress score was associated with more mental health issues in both countries (b = 0.60, p < 0.01). Individuals with a low income reported poorer mental health in Germany than those in China. Interestingly, the situation was reversed when incomes were high: individuals with a high income reported worse mental health in China than in Germany (b = -0.40, p < 0.01). Conclusion Perceived stress has a negative impact on mental health, while income has differential effects. Mental health promotion programmes may involve teaching stress management, while considering differences in mental health outcomes in developed and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanning Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Debora Darabi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephan Heinzel
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Gellisch M, Bablok M, Morosan-Puopolo G, Schäfer T, Brand-Saberi B. Dynamically Changing Mental Stress Parameters of First-Year Medical Students over the Three-Year Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111558. [PMID: 37297698 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous research results have already pointed towards the negative influence of increased mental stress on educational processes and motivational criteria. It has also been shown that the global public health crisis induced by COVID-19 was related to anxiety symptoms and elevated levels of distress. To holistically elucidate the dynamics of the pandemic-related mental stress of first-year medical students, the associated parameters of three different cohorts were measured at the beginning of the pandemic-related restrictions on university life in Germany (20/21), at the peak of the COVID-19-related restrictions (21/22) and during the easing of the restrictions in the winter term 22/23. In a repeated cross-sectional study design, the constructs of worries, tension, demands and joy were collected from first-year medical students (n = 578) using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire. The results demonstrate significantly increased values of the constructs worries (p < 0.001), tension (p < 0.001) and demands (p < 0.001) at the peak of the pandemic related restrictions compared to the previous and following year as well as significantly decreasing values of general joy of life during the observed period of 3 years (all p-values < 0.001). A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to verify the questionnaire's factor structure regarding the addressed target group during the pandemic (CFI: 0.908, RMSEA: 0.071, SRMR: 0.052). These data, collected over a period of three years, provide information regarding dynamically manifesting mental stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, and refer to new areas of responsibility for the faculties to adequately counteract future crisis situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Gellisch
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Bablok
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schäfer
- Center for Medical Education, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Beate Brand-Saberi
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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13
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Robert Selvam D, Xavier S, Kasinathan P, Ahmad Wadaan M, Farooq Khan M, Santha Kumar David M. Causes of higher levels of stress among students in higher education who used eLearning platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY. SCIENCE 2023; 35:102653. [PMID: 36987441 PMCID: PMC10032052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background This work aims to study the levels of stress among students using e-learning platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic in higher education institutions. The major factors of higher-level stress among the student community focused on this study are: Changes in academic environment, family, social, personal, health and cognitive. Objective the objective of this research the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) procedure was used to explore the relationship and its impact on various levels of stress. Results Data were collected by using a total of 1,000 email IDs of students that were made available by teachers from 12 Indian higher education institutions where they were enrolled and by using a random number method. With this procedure, a total of 800 email IDs were selected. The results drawn from this research are that students experienced more stress due to sudden changes in the academic environment, family, and personal factors. The stress levels of cognitive and social were found to be equally distributed among higher education students, but less than academic environment, family and personal. This research intends to fill the gap of short-term individual psychological changes that occur after the outbreak. Conclusion Policy-makers can take note of the current study's observations in continuing their fight against COVID-19 pandemic by improving the stability for student risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Robert Selvam
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Loyola Health centre, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Xavier
- Department of Statistics, Loyola College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Padmanathan Kasinathan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Agni College of Technology, Chennai 600130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box:2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Farooq Khan
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box:2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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The relationship between mindfulness and mental health among Chinese college students during the closed-loop management of the COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated mediation model. J Affect Disord 2023; 327:137-144. [PMID: 36754090 PMCID: PMC9899704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic on campus, universities in outbreak areas in China can implement closed-loop management. OBJECTS This study aimed to explore the relationship between mindfulness and mental health of college students under closed-loop management. MEASURES 11,939 college students from a university in Changsha, China participated in the online survey during the closed-loop management period. The Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire-Cognitive Reappraisal, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire, and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire were administered to the college students. RESULTS We found that mindfulness was negative association with mental health during the closed-loop management period. Perceived stress mediated the relationship between mindfulness and mental health. Cognitive reappraisal moderated the relationship between mindfulness and perceived stress. Specifically, when the level of mindfulness is the same, individuals with more cognitive reappraisal tend to experience a less perceived stress. CONCLUSION The results of this study are of great significance to improve the mental health of college students during closed-loop management period.
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15
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Yuan L, Lu L, Wang X, Qu M, Gao Y, Pan B. Comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms and the related factors among international medical students in China during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:165. [PMID: 36918819 PMCID: PMC10014140 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two most prevalent mental health conditions are anxiety and depression and they often coexist (comorbidity) in an individual aggravating the person's psychological or medical conditions. College students suffered from anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to numerous studies. The lack of information on the comorbidity of anxiety and depression (CAD) among international medical students, however, makes it difficult to develop effective policies or strategies to support these students. OBJECTIVE The present research seeks to investigate the incidence of CAD among international medical students in China and to identify the variables that may be useful in predicting CAD. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted at China Medical University in Shenyang, China, for international medical students during November 2020. A total of 519 international students provided information on their demographics, stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic, generalized anxiety disorder assessment (GAD-7), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ), perceived stress scale (PSS-10), the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS), revised life orientation test (LOT-R), and resilience scale-14 (RS-14). To investigate the potential predictors of CAD, a chi-square test, a nonparametric test, and multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out as appropriate. RESULTS The incidence of anxiety, depression, and CAD in the current study was 5.8%, 8.9%, and 22.7%, respectively. The predictors for students having symptoms of anxiety were observed to be the negative coping style (β = 0.662, OR = 1.938, CI:1.07-3.694) and perceived stress (β = 0.167, OR = 1.181, CI:1.076-1.297); the predictors for students having symptoms of depression were observed to be the COVID-19 pandemic-related stress (β = 0.323,OR = 1.382,CI:1.211-1.577), negative coping style (β = 0.693,OR = 2.000, CI:1.21-3.568), and perceived stress (β = 0.135,OR = 1.145,CI:1.050-1.248); whereas the predictors for students with CAD were observed to be staying up late (Yes VS No) (β = 1.028,OR = 2.794,CI:1.227-6.364), current place of residence (Other continents VS China) (β = -1.413, OR = 0.243,CI:0.065-0.910), COVID-19 pandemic-related stress (β = 0.371,OR = 1.450,CI:1.284-1.636), negative coping style (β = 1.092,OR = 2.979,CI:1.706-5.203), and perceived stress (β = 0.339,OR = 1.403,CI:1.289-1.527). CONCLUSION Single anxiety and depressive symptoms were moderately prevalent among international medical students in China. However, CAD turned out to be the most prevalent mental health issue due to its relatively higher incidence. Negative coping style and perceived stress were the communal predictors of the three categories, whereas stress related to the COVID-19 pandemic was linked to both depression and CAD, and staying up late and in residential places were specific predictors for CAD. Study results suggest that COVID-19 pandemic-related stress was related to students' CAD and depressive symptoms, and specific intervention measures with stress reduction, proper coping strategy, and a good lifestyle might be useful in improving the international students' mental health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Yuan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Lu
- China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuehang Wang
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Qu
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuqin Gao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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16
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Zhang M, Qin L, Zhang D, Tao M, Han K, Chi C, Zhang Z, Tao X, Liu H. Prevalence and factors associated with insomnia among medical students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: characterization and associated factors. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:140. [PMID: 36882710 PMCID: PMC9989587 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia has become an important issue in recent years. Insomnia is affected by many factors. Previous research has shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there would be a long-term negative effect on the mental health of medical college students. The state of medical college students' insomnia directly determines the results of medical education and the career development prospects of the medical students themselves. Therefore, it is very important to understand the insomnia situation of medical students in the post-epidemic era. METHODS This study was conducted 2 years after the global COVID-19 pandemic (April 1-April 23, 2022). The study used an online questionnaire, administered through a web-based survey platform. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), GAD-2, PHQ-2, and socio-demographic information were surveyed by the Questionnaire Star platform. RESULTS The prevalence of insomnia was 27.80% (636/2289). Grade(P < 0.05), age(P < 0.001), loneliness(P < 0.001), depression(P < 0.001), anxiety(P < 0.001), fear of COVID-19 was highly correlated with insomnia (P < 0.001). Adapting to online class(P < 0.001) was a protective factor of smartphone addiction. CONCLUSIONS This survey shows that Insomnia was highly prevalent among the Chinese medical college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governments and schools should through psychological interventions to address the current situation of insomnia among medical students, and formulate targeted programs and strategies to reduce their psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Li Qin
- Academic Affairs Office, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Mingfen Tao
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China
| | - Kangrong Han
- Ye Peida College of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Chenru Chi
- Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Zhongying Zhang
- School of Management Engineering, Anhui Institute of Information Technology. Wuhu, Anhui, 241199, China
| | - Xiubin Tao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, China.
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Tang YM, Wu TL, Liu HT. Causal Model Analysis of the Effect of Formalism, Fear of Infection, COVID-19 Stress on Firefighters' Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome and Insomnia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1097. [PMID: 36673852 PMCID: PMC9859103 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the front line of epidemic prevention, firefighters are responsible for the transportation of infected cases. Firefighters are under a lot of stress from the new COVID-19, especially the fear that they may contract the virus at work and spread the virus to their families. In particular, the framework of this study incorporates Riggs' formalism variables. When firefighters think that the epidemic prevention regulations are inconsistent with the actual epidemic prevention, it will increase their work pressure on COVID-19. In this study, firefighters from all over Taiwan were used as the respondents, and a total of 453 respondents were obtained. This study uses confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to test the established hypotheses. The findings confirm that formalism, fear of self and family infection are positively influencing COVID-19 stress. COVID-19 stress positively affects PTSD and insomnia. COVID-19 stress negatively affects problem-focused strategies. Problem-focused strategies negatively affect post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ming Tang
- Asia Pacific Society of Fire Engineering, Kaohsiung City 825, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Wu
- Department of Leisure Management, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Te Liu
- Department of Public Affairs and Administration, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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18
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Feng G, Xu X, Lei J. Tracking perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in daily life: a double-downward spiral process. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1114332. [PMID: 37143594 PMCID: PMC10151810 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1114332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous studies using retrospective questionnaires have suggested a complex relationship between perceived stress and related negative emotions and emphasized their importance in mental health. However, how daily perceived stress, anxiety, and depression interact dynamically in a natural context remains largely unexplored. Methods This study conducted a longitudinal survey that applied experience sampling methodology to data from 141 Chinese college students (58% women, mean age = 20.1 ± 1.63 years). Results The hierarchical linear models confirmed that daily perceived stress and negative emotions (i.e., perceived depression and anxiety) could reciprocally reinforce one another with the characteristic dynamics of a cognitive-emotional downward spiral. Additionally, anxiety and depression could further circularly aggravate each other imminently. These two intertwined downward-spiral processes constitute a double-downward-spiral model. Discussion The findings contribute to a better understanding of the interactive mechanisms underlying perceived stress and its related negative emotions in everyday life and highlight the significance of early emotion regulation and stress relief in healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Feng
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Guo Feng,
| | - Xiaxia Xu
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiawei Lei
- Psychological Research and Counseling Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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19
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Dinapoli L, Ferrarese D, Belella D, Carnevale S, Camardese G, Sani G, Chieffo DPR. Psychological treatment of traumatic memories in COVID-19 survivors. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:225-233. [PMID: 35916065 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected a significant number of individuals worldwide, is generating serious mental health issues. Recovered COVID-19 patients have experienced traumatic events related to their symptoms, isolation, possible hospitalization, bereavement, fear of infecting loved ones and the physical consequences of COVID-19. One effective psychological treatment for these patients is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). The aim of this paper is to describe the therapeutic intervention and effects of EMDR in a pool of COVID-19 survivors referred to an integrated psychological/psychiatric outpatient service. Twelve patients, comprising of nine males and three females, underwent EMDR psychotherapy from October 2020 to February 2022. Each patient received 8-16 weekly treatment sessions. The standard EMDR protocol of eight stages was administered to enable desensitization and reprocessing of four main targets: first positive swab, hospitalization, isolation and fear for relatives' health. Efficacy of EMDR was demonstrated by the significant improvement at clinical scale for subjective distress caused by traumatic events. For the therapists, carrying out these treatments was an intense and challenging experience. In fact, the perceived distance between therapist and patient was less defined than in other hospital settings because the pandemic affects everyone equally. However, with the widespread availability of vaccines and although the pandemic is still ongoing with the emergence of new variants, a window of improvement in the mental health landscape is starting to open up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Dinapoli
- UOS di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,UOC di Radioterapia Oncologica, Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Ferrarese
- UOS di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area di Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Belella
- UOS di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area di Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Carnevale
- UOS di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Centro Integrato di Senologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camardese
- UOC Psichiatria Clinica e d'urgenza, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'invecchiamento, neurologiche, ortopediche e della testa-collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- UOC Psichiatria Clinica e d'urgenza, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'invecchiamento, neurologiche, ortopediche e della testa-collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo
- UOS di Psicologia Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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20
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Hou L, Chen L, Zhang W. The longitudinal predictive effect of self-reported frequency of premenstrual syndrome on depression: Findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1126190. [PMID: 37033080 PMCID: PMC10076728 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1126190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have revealed a high comorbidity between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and depression; however, whether PMS can longitudinally predict depression has not been examined in large sample studies. Methods This study surveyed 8,133 women from the 1973-78 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Participants completed seven repeated measurements at 3-year intervals starting in 2000 (aged 22-27 years). Binary logistic and multivariate ordered logistic regression models were used to examine the predictive role of self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in 2000 on self-reported diagnosis of depression and frequency of depressive symptoms, respectively, for each follow-up survey. Results Self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in the year 2000 predicted self-reported diagnosis of depression in most follow-up surveys. Specifically, compared to women who reported "never" had PMS symptoms in 2000, those who reported "often" had them were more likely to report a diagnosis of depression in 2006 (OR = 1.72), 2012 (OR = 1.88), 2015 (OR = 1.49), and 2018 (OR = 1.90); and those who reported "sometimes" had PMS symptoms in 2000 were more likely to report a diagnosis of depression in 2012 (OR =1.37) and 2018 (OR = 1.59). Furthermore, self-reported frequency of PMS symptoms in 2000 predicted self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms in each follow-up survey. Compared to women who reported "never" had PMS symptoms in 2000, those who reported "sometimes", or "often", had PMS symptoms reported depressive symptoms more frequently. Conclusion Self-reported frequency of PMS can predict the self-reported frequency of depressive symptoms and the subsequent diagnosis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Hou
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lele Chen
- School of Education Science, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenpei Zhang
- Department of Business Administration, School of Business, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, China
- *Correspondence: Wenpei Zhang
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21
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Liu Y, Han Y, Xiong L, Ma Q, Mei L, Chong MC, Che CC. The mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between job stress and professional identity in Chinese medical interns. Work 2023; 76:1597-1604. [PMID: 37393480 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaption to clinical work during the internship can induce several stressors among medical students, especially in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Particularly, job stress could be linked to the development of psychological traits and the formation of the professional identity of medical interns. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between job stress, psychological capital, and professional identity through a mediation analysis of Chinese medical interns. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 hospitals and clinics in China from June 2021 to March 2022. A total of 665 medical interns filled out questionnaires related to demographic questions, psychological capital, job stress, and professional identity. Data analysis was executed using the IBM SPSS version 22.0 software and its add-in PROCESS Windows version 4.0. RESULTS The findings indicated a statistically significant mediating effect of psychological capital between job stress and professional identity. Job stress and job stress combined with psychological capital accounted for 5.3% and 37.9%, respectively, of the variance in professional identity. The bootstrapping method corroborated the significance of the indirect effect of job stress through psychological capital (95% bootstrap CI = -4.7921, -2.4345). CONCLUSION The current findings underscore the need for increased attention on improving the psychological capital of medical interns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjia Liu
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Nursing, Medical College, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Han
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Xiong
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianyun Ma
- Department of Nursing, Medical College, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
| | - Lulu Mei
- Department of Nursing, Medical College, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, China
| | - Mei Chan Chong
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Chin Che
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Yang L, Liu Z, Shi S, Dong Y, Cheng H, Li T. The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress and Academic Procrastination between Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:773. [PMID: 36613096 PMCID: PMC9819869 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms, a prevalent mood illness, significantly harm college students' physical and mental health. Individuals have experienced some degree of psychological harm as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking this into account, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the mediating roles of perceived stress and academic procrastination. A total of 586 college students were subjected to the Physical Activity Scale (PARS-3), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Procrastination Assessment Scale-Students (PASS), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Findings from this research demonstrated that there was a significant positive correlation between perceived stress, academic procrastination, and depressive symptoms, while PA was significantly negatively correlated with perceived stress, academic procrastination, and depressive symptoms. The results of the chain mediation analysis showed that PA had a significant direct effect on depressive symptoms. Perceived stress, academic procrastination, and perceived stress-academic procrastination had significant mediating and chain mediating effects on the relationship between PA and depressive symptoms. In conclusion, PA among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic affects their depressive symptoms directly and indirectly through the independent mediating effect of perceived stress and academic procrastination, as well as the chain mediating effect of perceived stress and academic procrastination.
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Carpi M, Vestri A. The Mediating Role of Sleep Quality in the Relationship between Negative Emotional States and Health-Related Quality of Life among Italian Medical Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:26. [PMID: 36612348 PMCID: PMC9819068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sleep problems have been shown to be related to adverse outcomes concerning physical and mental well-being. Furthermore, mental health issues and sleep problems were reported to be highly prevalent among medical students and physicians, and were found to be associated with worse academic and clinical performance in these populations. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep to examine the associations between sleep quality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and to explore the possible mediating role of sleep in the relationship between psychological distress and HRQoL itself in a sample of medical and dental students attending a large Italian university. Participants (n = 407, mean age: 24.2 ± 2.4) answered an online questionnaire comprising the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Short Form-12 health survey. Up to 62% of the participants reported poor sleep quality. Controlling for psychological distress, sleep quality components were found to be associated with physical and mental HRQoL. Mediation analysis showed that overall sleep quality mediated all the single associations between anxiety, depression, and stress and HRQoL. These preliminary findings suggest that the quality of sleep is important for the well-being of medical students and that targeting sleep issues in this academic population may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Carpi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Vestri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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24
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Concerto C, Rodolico A, La Rosa VL, Aiello B, Martinez M, Stuto S, Infortuna C, Fusar-Poli L, Signorelli MS, Commodari E, Battaglia F, Aguglia E. Flourishing or Languishing? Predictors of Positive Mental Health in Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15814. [PMID: 36497895 PMCID: PMC9736882 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students were burdened with high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. The objective of the present study was to investigate predictors of positive mental health among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted an online survey from September 2021 to March 2022. We applied the snowball recruitment technique involving medical students from the University of Catania, Italy. We administered, anonymously, a questionnaire about demographic characteristics, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and the short form of the Mental Health Continuum (MHC-SF). Participants showed moderate anxiety, depression, and stress levels, and more than half had positive mental health status overall. This finding was inversely related to age, depression severity, cyclothymic, and depressive temperaments. Our results showed that medical students with depressive and cyclothymic temperaments were more at risk of worsening mental health status during the pandemic. Our findings may allow for further developments about the impact of personological characteristics on students' mental health to enable more efficient support for the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Concerto
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rodolico
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Aiello
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Miriam Martinez
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Stuto
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmenrita Infortuna
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Fusar-Poli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Salvina Signorelli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Commodari
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Fortunato Battaglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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25
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Paz DC, Bains MS, Zueger ML, Bandi VR, Kuo VY, Cook K, Ryznar R. COVID-19 and mental health: A systematic review of international medical student surveys. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1028559. [PMID: 36507006 PMCID: PMC9732539 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1028559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The medical school curriculum has imposed psychological stressors on students worldwide, some of which may induce feelings of increased depression and anxiety. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the feelings of stress, depression, and anxiety that a portion of medical students experience in their daily life. The aim of this systematic review is to gather concrete data from medical schools around the globe, and further evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted medical students' mental health. Materials and methods Systematic search of data from PubMed, EMBASE, psycINFO, MEDLINE Complete, and Global Health for studies conducted between December 2019 and July 2021 was conducted. Data from 47 different surveys of medical students from various medical institutions throughout the world were included in this review. These surveys, administered in the form of questionnaires that utilized rating scales, measured anxiety, depression, and stress levels in medical students amidst the COVID-19 outbreak. Results The COVID-19 outbreak was found to have negative effects on medical students, most notably causing emotional and behavioral changes and detrimental mental health impacts. Higher levels of stress, depression, and anxiety have been found in medical students since the outbreak. Conclusion This systematic review highlights the sustained high prevalence of moderate depression, anxiety and stress among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Appropriate support and research on which interventions could mitigate these risks is essential in order to ensure that future physicians are properly cared for, and ultimately have the adequate tools needed to provide high quality and empathetic care to future patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean C. Paz
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Dean C. Paz,
| | - Manav Singh Bains
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Morgan L. Zueger
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | | | - Victor Y. Kuo
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Kyle Cook
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca Ryznar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University, Parker, CO, United States
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Wang Q, Zhang B, Zhang S, Wei C, Fu D, Zhao H, Bai X. Anxiety and depression and their interdependent influencing factors among medical students in Inner Mongolia: the cross-sectional survey. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:787. [PMID: 36376865 PMCID: PMC9662114 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health has become a global problem, among which anxiety and depression disorder were ranked as the first and sixth leading causes of disability, respectively, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Medical students experienced higher levels of anxiety and depression than the general population. But there was a lack of research on the emotional situation among medical students in Inner Mongolia. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms as well as the factors that influence them among medical students in Inner Mongolia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1282 students from a university in Inner Mongolia, China, ranging in age from 16 to 27 years. They were assessed demographic indicators, the disorder of anxiety and depression using Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SAS and SDS) by an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. The internal reliability and validity of the questionnaire were determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), and Bartlett's sphericity. T-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to explore factors, including demographic and behavioral information influencing anxiety and depression disorder. According to the above results of exploring the influencing factors based on univariate analysis, significant factors (p < 0.05) were entered into multiple linear regressions that sequentially fitted to predictors associated with anxiety and depression. The collected data were entered into EpiData for windows and analyzed using SPSS 26.0. The p < 0.05 was considered to be significantly different. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 1187 students with a 92.59% response rate. The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among medical students were 10.36% and 24.43%, and the mean ± standard deviation (M ± SD) anxiety and depression scores were 39.60 ± 7.81 and 48.23 ± 9.06, respectively, among the medical students. The specific contributions of the two scales with good reliability and validity were 60.58% and 63.59%, respectively. For univariate analysis, age, whether the daily meal was at a fixed time, grade, the birthplace of students, average daily eating habits, were the factors that influenced both the total score of SAS and SDS (p < 0.05). For further analysis, the results showed that "Birthplace of students" and "Whether daily meals at a fixed time" were significantly associated with anxiety and depression. Furthermore, "Age" and "Mode of delivery" were independent risk factors for depressive disorder. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that high prevalence of mental health problems among medical students in Inner Mongolia. The Ministry of Medical Education should make a targeted intervention for specific risk factors of this study to improve psychological well-being and face uncertain future challenges among university students in Inner Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996, Xilamulun Street (West), Horqin District, 028000, Tongliao, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996, Xilamulun Street (West), Horqin District, 028000, Tongliao, China
| | - Beisiqi Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996, Xilamulun Street (West), Horqin District, 028000, Tongliao, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996, Xilamulun Street (West), Horqin District, 028000, Tongliao, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Disease Control And Prevention, Health commission, No. 11 Jianguo Road, Horqin District, 028005, Tongliao, China
| | - Chengxi Wei
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996, Xilamulun Street (West), Horqin District, 028000, Tongliao, China
| | - Danni Fu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996, Xilamulun Street (West), Horqin District, 028000, Tongliao, China
| | - Honglin Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996, Xilamulun Street (West), Horqin District, 028000, Tongliao, China.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996, Xilamulun Street (West), Horqin District, 028000, Tongliao, China.
| | - Xue Bai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996, Xilamulun Street (West), Horqin District, 028000, Tongliao, China.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, No. 996, Xilamulun Street (West), Horqin District, 028000, Tongliao, China.
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27
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Simegn W, Yohannes L, Seid AM, Kasahun AE, Sema FD, Flatie A, Elias A, Dagne H. Perceived stress and associated factors among university students in Ethiopia during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:978510. [PMID: 36405123 PMCID: PMC9670151 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.978510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During extensive outbreaks of infectious diseases, people who are impacted, particularly the subgroups of the community who are at an increased risk of mental health problems, may experience increased stress and mental health difficulties. University students are one such susceptible population and are prone to experiencing high levels of stress as compared with the general population. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing perceived stress and identifying its associated factors among university students in Ethiopia during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students in Ethiopia from 30 May to 30 June 2021. Students were asked to fill out an online survey on Google Forms that included consent, sociodemographic information, the UCLA-8 Loneliness Scale, the standard validated stress scale (PSS-10) questionnaire, and the three-item Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) to assess social support. The collected data were exported to SPSS 26. Descriptive and analytical statistics were carried out. Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to find associated factors, and variables with a p-value of 0.05 were considered statistically significant variables. Results A total of 426 university students were included in the survey, among whom 268 (62.9%) were male participants. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 37 years. Health-related departments accounted for 37.1% of the participants, while non-health-related departments accounted for 62.9%. The prevalence of stress was 18.3% in the study population. In this study, extreme susceptibility to COVID-19, sleeping problems, poor self-efficacy to prevent COVID-19, and loneliness were significantly associated with perceived stress. Conclusion Stress was prevalent among university students in Ethiopia during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Extreme susceptibility to COVID-19, sleeping problems, poor self-efficacy, and loneliness were identified as factors for stress. Therefore, we suggest that universities should provide opportunities for safe social connection, counseling, and guidance for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wudneh Simegn
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Lamrot Yohannes
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Asmamaw Emagn Kasahun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Faisel Dula Sema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Flatie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Elias
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Dagne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Kim YR, Park HJ, Koo BH, Hwang JY, Lee YH. A study on the mental health of students at a medical school during COVID-19 outbreak: a retrospective study. JOURNAL OF YEUNGNAM MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022; 39:314-321. [PMID: 35971621 PMCID: PMC9580054 DOI: 10.12701/jyms.2022.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background In this study, the degree of anxiety, depression, and stress caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified, as well as the need for psychological prevention measures among medical students in the Daegu region that was designated the first special disaster area due to the spread of COVID-19. Methods The subjects of this study were 318 medical students in Daegu who voluntarily participated in an online test using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version. As a result of the test, risk students received immediate telephone counseling, and the effect of this telephone counseling was analyzed. Results There were no differences in depression, anxiety, or stress according to gender and grade. As a result of immediate telephone counseling for risk students, significant differences were found in depression, anxiety, and stress, and the counseling was found to be effective. Conclusion For medical students who are easily exposed to stress, the importance of psychological prevention measures and effectiveness of non-face-to-face counseling should be recognized. In the field of medical education, we must do our best to build a system that can be used immediately at the appropriate time for these programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ra Kim
- Department of Medical Humanities, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Park
- Department of Medical Education, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bon-Hoon Koo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Young Hwan Lee
- Department of Medical Humanities, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Corresponding author: Young Hwan Lee, MD, PhD Department of Medical Humanities, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu 42415, Korea Tel: +82-53- 640-6999 • Fax: +82-53-629-2252 • E-mail:
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29
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Wang X, Luo R, Guo P, Shang M, Zheng J, Cai Y, Mo PKH, Lau JTF, Zhang D, Li J, Gu J. Positive Affect Moderates the Influence of Perceived Stress on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013600. [PMID: 36294184 PMCID: PMC9603543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a profound psychological impact on healthcare workers. However, the role of positive affect in moderating the effect of perceived stress on the psychological states of healthcare workers remains unknown. This study aimed to analyze the moderating effect of positive affect on the association between stress and the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationships between perceived stress (the Perceived Stress Scale), positive affect (the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), depression (the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and anxiety (the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 644 Chinese healthcare workers who completed online self-reports. The results revealed a significant negative association between positive affect and psychological problems, including stress, depression, and anxiety. At the total group level, multiple regression analysis showed that positive affect alleviated the influence of perceived stress on depression, but no significant moderating effect was found for anxiety. In the subgroups divided by perceived stress, the moderating effect of positive affect on depression was only significant in healthcare workers with a high level of perceived stress. These results suggested that positive affect played a moderative role in alleviating the effect of stress on depression among healthcare workers, particularly those with a high level of stress, thus emphasizing the importance of positive affect as an intervention strategy for promoting the mental health of healthcare workers in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui Luo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pengyue Guo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Menglin Shang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen 518028, China
| | - Yuqi Cai
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Phoenix K. H. Mo
- Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- Division of Behavioral Health and Health Promotion, The School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518172, China
- Centre for Medical Anthropology and Behavioral Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dexing Zhang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jing Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No.74, Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Institute of State Governance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Center for Health Information Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Karnaukhov VE, Narodova EA, Demko IV, Shnayder NA, Narodova VV, Dmitrenko DV, Nasyrova RF. Prevalence Of Sleep Disorders Among Physicians And Nurses During COVID-19 Pandemic. RUSSIAN OPEN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15275/rusomj.2022.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our review was to analyze studies of prevalence sleep disorders among medical workers during COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods — Overall, during the analyzed period, studying domestic and foreign databases, we identified 94 publications on the development of sleep disorders among medical personnel working during COVID–19 pandemic in 2000-2021. However, only 88 of these publications complied with the objective of the review. We included 75 full-text publications in this review. Results — Physicians and nurses during COVID-19 pandemic do not have the opportunity to take therapy aimed at combating the symptoms of sleep disorders, due to the need to maintain sufficient attention and the risk of developing excessive drowsiness while on duty in a COVID -19 hospital. The latter can have a negative impact on their professional activities. Thus, this problem certainly requires professional psychotherapeutic correction. Unfortunately, not all medical institutions have such specialists. Conclusion — Based on the literature review, we found out that health care workers have a high risk of developing sleep disorders. This can include violations of the circadian rhythm, a decrease in the quality and duration of night sleep, daytime hypersomnia caused by shift work in a hospital. An additional factor affecting the frequency and severity of sleep disorders in healthcare workers (physicians and nurses) is chronic stress, the importance of which has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, the above problem has not been completely solved and requires research in this area and the development of new programs to help medical personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irina V. Demko
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Shnayder
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Diana V. Dmitrenko
- V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Regina F. Nasyrova
- V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Pattanaseri K, Atsariyasing W, Pornnoppadol C, Sanguanpanich N, Srifuengfung M. Mental problems and risk factors for depression among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30629. [PMID: 36197195 PMCID: PMC9508947 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of depression is high among medical students and several mental problems are identified as risk factors. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic causes difficulties that could adversely affect mental health. However, data concerning prevalence of mental problems, and whether or not these problems remain risk factors for depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in medical students are scarce. To investigate the prevalence of depression, social media addiction, game addiction, sleep quality, eating disorder risk, and perceived stress among Thai medical students, risk factors for depression were investigated. Online surveys via our faculty's learning portals were advertized to medical students who engaged online learning and 224 respondents provided complete data. Study-related medical students' data were collected using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, the Social-Media Addiction Screening Scale for social media addiction, the Game Addiction Screening Test for game addiction, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index for sleep quality, the Eating Attitudes Test for eating disorder risk, and the Perceived Stress Scale for perceived stress. Depression was reported in 35.7% of medical students, social-media addiction in 22.3%, game addiction in 4.5%, eating disorder risk in 4.9%, poor sleep quality in 80.8%, and moderate-to-high perceived stress in 71.4%. The independent predictors of depression were lower grade point average, social media addiction, and moderate-to-high perceived stress. A high prevalence of depression, stress, and poor sleep was found among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical students who are stressed, have lower grades, and/or who are addicted to social media warrant depression screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerati Pattanaseri
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanlop Atsariyasing
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Pornnoppadol
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naratip Sanguanpanich
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maytinee Srifuengfung
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Maytinee Srifuengfung, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand (e-mail: )
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Wang H, Hou Y, Zhang L, Yang M, Deng R, Yao J. Chinese elderly migrants' loneliness, anxiety and depressive symptoms: The mediation effect of perceived stress and resilience. Front Public Health 2022; 10:998532. [PMID: 36091520 PMCID: PMC9452831 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.998532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Elderly migrants who face the dual challenges of aging and migration are more likely to suffer psychological disorders. Existing research has demonstrated a link between loneliness and psychological disorders in the general elderly population. However, we know little about the relationships among elderly migrants, and the psychological mechanisms linking them. This study aims to examine the effects of loneliness on anxiety and depressive symptoms among Chinese elderly migrants, and explore the mediating roles of perceived stress and resilience. All 654 participants were recruited in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Results showed that loneliness was significantly correlated with anxiety and depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). Perceived stress and resilience mediated the relationship between loneliness and anxiety symptoms. The mediating effect of perceived stress was 0.128 (Bootstrap 95% CI: 0.092-0.168, Ratio = 37.4%). Resilience was 0.026 (Bootstrap 95% CI: 0.005-0.049, Ratio = 7.6%). Furthermore, perceived stress and resilience also mediated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms. The mediating effects were 0.111 and 0.043, respectively (Bootstrap 95% CI: 0.073-0.151, Ratio = 27.9%; Bootstrap 95% CI: 0.020-0.069, Ratio = 10.8%). All the mediating effects were significant because the bootstrap 95% CIs did not contain zero. Overall, our findings suggested that loneliness not only can directly influence elderly migrants' anxiety and depressive symptoms but also by increasing perceived stress or decreasing resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjie Hou
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Yang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyue Deng
- School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,School of Health Policy and Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Institute of Healthy Jiangsu Development, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Jun Yao
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Zurlo MC, Vallone F, Cattaneo Della Volta MF. Perceived Past and Current COVID-19-Stressors, Coping Strategies and Psychological Health among University Students: A Mediated-Moderated Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610443. [PMID: 36012077 PMCID: PMC9408686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19-pandemic entailed abrupt/long-lasting changes in university students' lives, resulting in growing stress and stress-related outcomes. Although nowadays the pre-pandemic-life is gradually re-establishing, past-COVID-19-stressful experiences and strategies adopted to adjust to this condition may significantly impact students' current experiences. Therefore, the development of research exploring the complex interplay between perceived past/present COVID-19-related experiences, coping strategies, and psychological health currently reported by students is needed. This study simultaneously tests the associations between Past-COVID-19-stressors and Current-COVID-19-stressors as moderated by Coping Strategies and the associations between Past-COVID-19-stressors and Psychological Symptoms as mediated by Current-COVID-19-stressors. A mediated-moderated model was tested on 355 university students. COVID-19-Student-Stress-Questionnaire (CSSQ) was used to assess COVID-19-stressors. Two CSSQ-versions were used, one of which was adjusted to assess Past-COVID-19-stressors recalled from previous restrictive pandemic phases. Coping-Orientation-to-Problem-Experienced-New-Italian-Version and Symptom-Checklist-90-Revised were used to assess, respectively, Coping Strategies and Psychological Symptoms. Findings confirmed the hypothesized Mediated-Moderated Model. The effects of Past-COVID-19-stressors on Current-COVID-19-stressors were moderated by Coping Strategies, and the effects of Past-COVID-19-stressors on Psychological Symptoms were mediated by Current-COVID-19-stressors. Unique psychopathological risk profiles deriving from the interplay between specific past/present stressors and coping strategies were found. Researchers and clinicians can use these findings to develop updated research and timely evidence-based interventions fostering students' adjustment in the current period. Future research should further explore the impact of the complex interplay between perceived past/present COVID-19-related experiences and individual characteristics on psychological health conditions reported by people in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clelia Zurlo
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federica Vallone
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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Chen J, Tuersun Y, Yang J, Xiong M, Wang Y, Rao X, Jiang S. Association of depression symptoms and sleep quality with state-trait anxiety in medical university students in Anhui Province, China: a mediation analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:627. [PMID: 35982434 PMCID: PMC9388213 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression symptoms among medical students is particularly high, and it has increased during the COVID-19 epidemic. Sleep quality and state-trait anxiety are risk factors for depression, but no study has yet investigated the mediating role of state-trait anxiety in the relationship between poor sleep quality and depression symptoms in medical students. This study aims to investigate the relationship among depression symptoms, sleep quality and state-trait anxiety in medical university students in Anhui Province. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of 1227 students' online questionnaires collected from four medical universities in Anhui Province using a convenience sampling method. We measured respondents' sleep quality, state-trait anxiety, and depression symptoms using three scales: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). We analysed the mediating role of STAI scores on the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores through the Sobel-Goodman Mediation Test while controlling for covariates. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 74.33% (912) and 41.40% (518) of the respondents reported suffering from poor sleep quality and depression symptoms. Sleep quality, state-trait anxiety, and depression symptoms were positively associated with each other (β = 0.381 ~ 0.775, P < 0.001). State-trait anxiety partially mediated the association between sleep quality and depression symptoms (Sobel test Z = 15.090, P < 0.001), and this mediating variable accounted for 83.79% of the association when adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analysis further revealed that STAI scores partially mediated the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores in females and rural students and fully mediated the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores in males and urban students. CONCLUSIONS This study found that sleep quality and state-trait anxiety have a significant predictive effect on depression symptoms. State-trait anxiety mediated the relationship between sleep quality and depression symptoms, with a more complex mechanism observed among rural and female medical students. Multiple pathways of intervention should be adopted, such as encouraging students to self-adjust, providing professional psychological intervention and timely monitoring, enriching extracurricular activities, and making changes in policies regarding long shifts and working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyun Chen
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jiao Yang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Xiong
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Rao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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Li P, Liang Z, Yuan Z, Li G, Wang Y, Huang W, Zeng L, Yang J, Zhou X, Li J, Su L, Zhou Y. Relationship between perceived stress and depression in Chinese front-line medical staff during COVID-19: A conditional process model. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:40-46. [PMID: 35584726 PMCID: PMC9107392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained stress during COVID-19 may be associated with depression in front-line medical staff, which would expose them to severe threats. This study aimed to examine whether the relationship between perceived stress and depression is mediated by insomnia, and whether this mediation is moderated by resilience. METHODS For front-line medical staff, this study used online questionnaire to evaluate their perceived stress, depression, insomnia and resilience. A conditional process model was performed to examine the relationship between perceived stress and depression, as well as the mediating effect of insomnia and the moderating effect of resilience. RESULTS A total of 606 front-line medical staff completed the survey. Higher level of perceived stress was significantly positively related to severe insomnia and depression. In addition, insomnia was positively related to depression, while resilience could moderate the effect of perceived stress on depression by direct and indirect paths. LIMITATIONS The causality among perceived stress, depression, insomnia and resilience is difficult to be verified. CONCLUSIONS Perceived stress is positively related to depression, and insomnia can mediate the effect of perceived stress on depression. In addition, the effect of perceived stress on depression, whether direct or indirect, is moderated by resilience, which is a protective factor for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaojing Yuan
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Jiezhi Yang
- Shenzhen Health Development Research Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junchang Li
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Ma Y, Zhang B, Meng Y, Cao Y, Mao Y, Qiu C. Perceived stress and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model of biorhythm and ego resilience. Front Public Health 2022; 10:951717. [PMID: 35991064 PMCID: PMC9386344 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.951717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore whether biological rhythm disturbance mediates the association between perceived stress and depressive symptoms and to investigate whether ego resilience moderates the mediation model. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online self-report questionnaire distributed to college students from September 2021 to October 2021. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Perceived Stress Severity (PSS-10), the Biological Rhythms Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), and Ego Resilience (ER-96) were used for investigation. SPSS 23 was used for data analyses. The significance of mediation was determined by the PROCESS macro using a bootstrap approach. Results Among the participants, 9.2% (N = 1,282) exhibited significant symptoms of depression. Perceived stress was positively associated with depressive symptoms, and biorhythm partially mediated this relationship. The direct and indirect effects were both moderated by ego resilience. Perceived stress had a greater impact on depressive symptoms and biorhythm for college students with lower ego resilience, and the impact of biorhythm on depressive symptoms was also stronger for those with lower ego resilience. Perceived stress had an impact on depressive symptoms directly and indirectly via the mediation of biorhythm. Conclusion Schools and educators should guide college students to identify stress correctly and provide effective suggestions to deal with it. Meanwhile, maintaining a stable biorhythm can protect college students from developing depressive symptoms. Students with low resilience should be given more attention and assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ma
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baiyang Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yineng Mao
- School of Public Health, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Changjian Qiu
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Karim MR, Ahmed HU, Akhter S. Behavioral and psychosocial predictors of depression in Bangladeshi medical students: a cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2022; 11:745. [PMID: 38433999 PMCID: PMC10904939 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.122927.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression, stress, and anxiety were found in a large number of medical undergraduate students, indicating a neglected aspect of their psychology that required immediate attention. The goal of this study was to find out the prevalence of depression among medical students, as well as potential psychosocial and behavioral predictors for depression. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2021 among 840 randomly selected medical students from four medical colleges using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire and were analyzed through the SPSS v.23 software. Multiple regression was performed to assess the effect of several behavioral and psychosocial factors on depression. RESULTS Among the 840 study participants, 55.7% (n= 468) were female and 44.3% (n= 372) were male. According to the data, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, perceived stress among medical students was found to be 28.8%, 65% and 85% respectively. A strong link was found between depression and anxiety, stress, poor sleep quality, poor academic performance, and a negative social and romantic relationship status. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of medical students are depressed. In order to prevent and treat depression, medical students should be screened for depression and its associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rizwanul Karim
- Department of Community Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College (RMC), Rajshahi, 6000, Bangladesh
| | - Helal Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Child Adolescent & Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Shyamoli, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnaz Akhter
- Department of Gynae and obstetrics, Combined Military Hospital, Jalalabad, Sylhet Cantonment, Sylhet, 3107, Bangladesh
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Effects of Changes in Environmental Color Chroma on Heart Rate Variability and Stress by Gender. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095711. [PMID: 35565104 PMCID: PMC9100507 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
With increasing time spent indoors during the coronavirus disease pandemic, occupants are increasingly affected by indoor space environmental factors. Environmental color stimulates human vision and affects stress levels. This study investigated how changing environmental color chroma affected heart rate variability (HRV) and stress. The HRV of nine males and fifteen females was measured during exposure to 12 color stimuli with changes in chroma under green/blue hues and high/low-value conditions, and a stress assessment was performed. The effect of chroma on the HRV of males and females was verified, but the interaction effect between chroma and gender was not. ln(LF) and RMSSD were valid parameters. ln(LF) of males and females decreased as chroma increased under the green hue and low-value conditions; RMSSD was reduced as chroma increased in the blue hue and low-value conditions. ln(LF) decreased as chroma increased under blue hue and high-value conditions in males. Color–stress evaluation revealed that the higher chroma under high-value conditions, the more positive the stress emotion, and the lower the chroma under low-value conditions, the more negative the stress emotion. As chroma increased under low-value conditions, color is a stress factor; for men, this effect was more evident in the blue hue.
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Wang W, Mei S. Effect of Psychological Intervention on Perceived Stress and Positive Psychological Traits Among Nursing Students: Findings During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2022; 60:39-48. [PMID: 35412878 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20220325-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
High levels of perceived stress and deterioration of positive psychological traits concomitant with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic have endangered the health and academic achievement of nursing students. Effective intervention research in this area should be performed as soon as possible. In the current study, a 15-month trial involving nursing students recruited from a medical university was conducted, in which an experimental group (n = 126) received the Three Good Things exercise based on social network groups. Two follow ups were performed. There was no intervention in the control group. During the intervention period, there were significant differences in perceived stress, self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism between the two groups (p < 0.05). Perceived stress in the experimental group was significantly reduced throughout the follow-up period (p < 0.001). Postintervention analysis of optimism showed maintenance of the improvement trend over a 3-month period (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in hope between groups. The Three Good Things exercise had a short-term effect on decreasing perceived stress and increasing optimism among nursing students. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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Lay awake with a racing mind: The associations between sexual objectification, insomnia, and affective symptoms. J Affect Disord 2022; 299:359-366. [PMID: 34915082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual objectification is a form of interpersonal maltreatment that women may experience in daily life. Research has focused on testing how it leads to various psychological distresses. However, little research has examined its influences on women's sleep quality, the underlying psychological mechanisms, and the potential implications for affective symptoms. We addressed this research gap by testing whether sexual objectification predicted perceived stress and insomnia, thereby predicting affective symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety). We further examined whether sex-is-power beliefs moderated these associations. METHODS Participants completed validated measures of sex-is-power beliefs, sexual objectification, perceived stress, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. We conducted regression analyses, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping analyses to test the associations between these psychological constructs. RESULTS As predicted, the results showed that sexual objectification was positively associated with perceived stress, insomnia, and affective symptoms. Moreover, perceived stress and insomnia serially mediated the association between sexual objectification and affective symptoms. Furthermore, sex-is-power beliefs moderated the serial mediation effect, such that the effect was only observed among participants with weak sex-is-power beliefs. CONCLUSIONS These findings advanced current theories and knowledge of sexual objectification by demonstrating that sexual objectification is associated with perceived stress and insomnia, thereby predicting affective symptoms. The findings also highlighted the role of beliefs in weakening the negative consequences of sexual objectification.
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Stress Mediates the Relationship between Personality and the Affordance of Socially Distanced Online Education. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9719729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus pandemic has made life significantly more stressful for large populations of people. As one such demographic, university students worldwide have experienced a sudden shift toward the provision of socially distanced online education, often in the absence of a coherent institutional plan. The mechanisms of stress appraisal and response differ between individuals in part determined by personality. With a sample of 293 undergraduate students at a Japanese university operating under prohibitions relating to face-to-face education, this article examines the impact of personality on the affordance of socially distanced online education mediated through generalized life stress and online learning stress appraisal. A retrimmed structural model returned an acceptable goodness of fit accounting for 31.6% of the criterion variance. The model indicates that conscientiousness (positive) and neuroticism (negative) hold a significant mediated impact on the affordance of socially distanced online education through generalized life stress and online learning stress appraisal. Moreover, and in the absence of face-to-face social interaction, the model shows that extroverted students experience greater online learning stress appraisals than neurotic students. Neurotic students were, however, negatively impacted by appraisals of generalized life stress but not online learning stress. Informed by personality characteristics and stress appraisals, the outcomes are discussed in relation to educational improvements and appropriate pedagogies for the delivery of socially distanced online education.
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Suda K, Matsuda K. How Microbes Affect Depression: Underlying Mechanisms via the Gut-Brain Axis and the Modulating Role of Probiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031172. [PMID: 35163104 PMCID: PMC8835211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome influences the brain functions and psychological state of its host via the gut-brain axis, and gut dysbiosis has been linked to several mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Animal experiments have shown that a depletion of the gut microbiota leads to behavioral changes, and is associated with pathological changes, including abnormal stress response and impaired adult neurogenesis. Short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate are known to contribute to the up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and gut dysbiosis causes decreased levels of BDNF, which could affect neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Increased gut permeability causes an influx of gut microbial components such as lipopolysaccharides, and the resultant systemic inflammation may lead to neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. In light of the fact that gut microbial factors contribute to the initiation and exacerbation of depressive symptoms, this review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in MDD onset, and discusses the therapeutic potential of probiotics, including butyrate-producing bacteria, which can mediate the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Lu L, Wang X, Wang X, Guo X, Pan B. Association of Covid-19 pandemic-related stress and depressive symptoms among international medical students. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:20. [PMID: 34991506 PMCID: PMC8739346 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of Covid-19 had negative impacts on the mental stress and induced psychological distress among university students worldwide. This study proposed a moderated mediation model, and hypothesized that the Covid-19 pandemic-related stress was positively related to depressive symptoms among international medical students. METHODS An online survey on stress and depressive symptoms of international students was conducted in a medical university. Questions on Covid-19 pandemic-related stress, Patient Health Quesionnaire-9, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Perceived Social Support Scale were used as measurements, and model analyses were conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro for SPSS. RESULTS It was found that 9.83%, 3.08% and 2.12% students had mild, moderate and severe depressive symptoms, respectively, and the positive association between Covid-19 pandemic-related stress and depressive symptoms was significant (β = 0.27, t = 6.87, P < 0.01). Negative coping was also significantly correlated to depressive symptoms (β = 0.26, t = 6.60, P < 0.01), and partially mediated the association between Covid-19 pandemic-related stress and depressive symptoms. Perceived social support had a negative association with depressive symptoms (β=-0.26, t=-6.25, P < 0.01), played a negative moderating role in the relationship between negative coping and depressive symptoms, and moderated the indirect effect of Covid-19 pandemic-related stress on depressive symptoms via negative coping. CONCLUSIONS Results of the study suggested that under the background of continuing pandemic, intervention or prevention of mental health problem is urgently needed for the international students, and depression may be alleviated through reducing negative coping and increasing perceived social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, 110022, Shenyang, P.R. China.,China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, 110022, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xuehang Wang
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Guo
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39, Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, 110022, Shenyang, P.R. China.
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AlHadi AN, Alhuwaydi AM. Insomnia Prevalence and Associated Factors Among University Students in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown: A Large-Scale Survey. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1651-1663. [PMID: 36164410 PMCID: PMC9507980 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s380972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has many psychological and physical effects to which university students are vulnerable. We aimed in this study to assess the prevalence of insomnia among university students in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown and associated factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire to collect the responses of 5140 students from Saudi universities between April 24 and 30, 2020. Responders completed demographic questions and psychological scales, including the Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI), during the national lockdown period in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Approximately, 41% of the sample suffered from moderate to severe insomnia. The mean ISI score was recorded as 12.9 (SD 6.62). Insomnia was associated with female sex, younger age, students from new universities, junior students, if a relative suffered from COVID-19, having a chronic medical illness, and having a psychiatric disorder. Insomnia was associated also with suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION Insomnia prevalence was very high among Saudi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. There were sociodemographic and medical factors associated with high insomnia prevalence. Universities need to plan and implement protective and intervention strategies to deal with this important issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad N AlHadi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Alhuwaydi
- SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair (SPHRAC), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Limone P, Toto GA, Messina G. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war on stress and anxiety in students: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1081013. [PMID: 36506419 PMCID: PMC9732235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1081013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019 and the Russian-Ukrainian war in February 2022 created restrictions and uncertainties that affected the general population's mental health. One of the affected groups was students. This systematic review summarizes the current literature on the prevalence, outcomes, and interventions for stress and anxiety among university, college, graduate, or postsecondary populations. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and ProQuest, following PRISMA guidelines. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and screening was performed to identify the definitive studies. RESULTS The prevalence of anxiety was relatively high, ranging from 88.9 to 13.63%, and the prevalence of stress ranged from 56 to 28.14%. The predictors of stress and anxiety included young age, gender being female, STEM course, loneliness, low academic level in school, urban lockdown, confinement, having a preexisting disease, having relatives or friends infected with COVID-19, and proximity to a COVID-19 zone. The predictors of stress included gender being female, living with family, living in a household with many people, being confined rather than having the freedom to relocate, proximity to confirmed cases of COVID-19, lack of access to materials on COVID-19, preexisting mental disorders, and lack of knowledge on the preventable nature of COVID-19. The sources of anxiety among the university students identified in the study included academics, postponement of graduation, cancelation or disruption of planned events, inability to achieve goals, and finances. In addition, the students used trauma-focused, forward-focused, task-oriented, emotion-oriented, and avoidance-oriented coping strategies. CONCLUSION The included studies showed that stress and anxiety increased during the pandemic and the war, with gender and uncertainty playing a critical role. The studies provide insights into the widespread use of problem-focused and task-focused coping strategies despite their impact on increasing stress and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Limone
- Learning Science Hub, Department of Human Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giusi Antonia Toto
- Learning Science Hub, Department of Human Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Learning Science Hub, Department of Human Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Radwan E, Radwan A, Radwan W, Pandey D. Perceived Stress among School Students in Distance Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. AUGMENTED HUMAN RESEARCH 2021. [PMCID: PMC8536901 DOI: 10.1007/s41133-021-00050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 is a global health problem that has a significant effect on the educational systems. Therefore, students shifted to distance learning through the digital platform. Since COVID-19 has consequences on mental health, the present study examined the perceived stress level in school students in distance learning during the COVID-19 period. A cross-sectional study of a sample consisting of 385 school students evaluated the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and their concerns and emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that the mean value of the total PSS scores was 19.50 ± 9.28. About 48.6% of students had moderate stress, 28.8% had low stress, and 22.6% had high stress. Significant associations were found between the level of stress and demographic variables: age, gender, educational level, and place of residence. Female students were significantly higher than the male students in the mean score of perceived stress level (20.14 versus 18.13; p-value = 0.018). Females were more likely (53.4%) to have moderate stress than males (38.2%) (p = 0.019). The students aged 15–18 years were significantly higher than those aged 11–14 years in the mean score of perceived stress level (22.64 versus 17.24, respectively; p-value < 0.001). The students aged 15–18 years were also more likely (n = 536, 96.4%) to had high levels of stress than the younger students (p < 0.001). The results showed that secondary school students were significantly higher than primary school students in the mean score of perceived stress level (23.75 versus 16.76, respectively; p < 0.001). Secondary students were also more likely (43.0%) to have high stress than primary students (9.4%) (p < 0.001). Students who live in the Rafah governorate had a significantly lowest mean score of perceived stress level when compared to other counterparts (p-value = 0.005). Gender (β = − 0.282, P < 0.001), age (β = − 0.379, P = 0.004), place of residence (β = − 0.096, P = 0.034), and educational level (β = 0.845, P < 0.001) were predictors of perceived stress. The results revealed moderate to high levels of stress in school students in the Gaza Strip during schools closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of psychological distress attributed to suddenly shifted from traditional learning to distance learning. The incorporation of stress management programs and online counselling will minimize stress and enhance the mental health of school students during distance learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eqbal Radwan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
- Directorate of Education-East Gaza, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Afnan Radwan
- Faculty of Education, Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Walaa Radwan
- Faculty of Education, Ummah Open University, Gaza Strip, Palestine
| | - Digvijay Pandey
- Department of Technical Education, IET, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, 226021 India
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Alyoubi A, Halstead EJ, Zambelli Z, Dimitriou D. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students' Mental Health and Sleep in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179344. [PMID: 34501935 PMCID: PMC8430501 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mental health problems are prevalent among university students in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students’ mental health and sleep in Saudi Arabia. Method: A total of 582 undergraduate students from Saudi Arabia aged between 18 and 45 years old (M = 20.91, SD = 3.17) completed a cross-sectional online questionnaire measuring depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, and insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020). Analysis included an independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Undergraduate students reported high levels of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress and low levels of resilience (p < 0.001) during the pandemic. In addition, students reported experiencing insomnia. A hierarchical regression analysis indicated that lower resilience, high levels of insomnia, having a pre-existing mental health condition, and learning difficulties (such as dyslexia, dyspraxia, or dyscalculia) were significantly associated with high levels of depression and stress. In addition, lower resilience, a high level of insomnia, and pre-existing mental health conditions were significantly associated with high levels of anxiety. Finally, a lower level of psychological resilience and a high level of insomnia were significantly associated with increased levels of depression, anxiety and stress within university students. Conclusion: This study has provided evidence that a lower level of psychological resilience and insomnia were associated with mental health problems among undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia, thus enhancing psychological resilience and interventions to support sleep and mental health are vital to support student well-being outcomes throughout the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah Alyoubi
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory (SERL), Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London-Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK; (A.A.); (E.J.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Elizabeth J. Halstead
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory (SERL), Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London-Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK; (A.A.); (E.J.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zoe Zambelli
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory (SERL), Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London-Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK; (A.A.); (E.J.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Dagmara Dimitriou
- Sleep Education and Research Laboratory (SERL), Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London-Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK; (A.A.); (E.J.H.); (Z.Z.)
- The National Institute for Stress, Anxiety, Depression and Behavioural Change (NISAD), 252 21 Helsingborg, Sweden
- Correspondence:
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Yuan LL, Lu L, Wang XH, Guo XX, Ren H, Gao YQ, Pan BC. Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among International Medical Students in China During COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:761964. [PMID: 34803770 PMCID: PMC8599347 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.761964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The rapid spread of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) infection has been the most important public health crisis across the globe since the end of 2019. Anxiety and depression are the most common mental health problems among people during the pandemic, and many studies have reported anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students. However, information on the mental health status of international medical students during this critical period of time has been scarce, which hinders the efforts in making proper policy or strategies to help these students. The present study aims to explore the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in international medical students in China and to find out the factors that have potential predictive value for anxiety and depressive symptoms. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out for international medical students during November 2020 at China Medical University in Shenyang, China. Five hundred and nineteen international students were interviewed with questionnaires containing demographic variables, Stressors in school, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) and Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14). Univariate logistic regression and stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted where appropriate to explore the predictive factors of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms. Results: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms in the sample population was 28.5% (148/519) and 31.6% (164/519), respectively. Stressors in school (β = 0.176, OR = 1.192, CI: 1.102-1.289), negative coping style (β = 0.639, OR = 1.894, CI: 1.287-2.788) and perceived stress (β = 0.230, OR = 1.258, CI: 1.184-1.337) were found to be the predictors of anxiety symptoms among the international medical students; while gender (β = -0.594, OR = 0.552, CI: 0.315-0.968), stay up late (β = 0.828, OR = 2.288, CI: 1.182-4.431), current place of residence (β = 1.082, OR = 2.951, CI: 1.256-6.931), stressors in the school (β = 0.303, OR = 1.354, CI: 1.266-1.496), negative coping style (β = 0.866, OR = 2.377, CI: 1.516-3.725), perceived stress (β = 0.233, OR = 1.262, CI: 1.180-1.351) were found to be predictors of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms was moderate among international medical students in China. The communal predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms were stressors in school, negative coping style and perceived stress; while demographic factors such as gender (male), stay up late at night and current place of residence were found associated with depressive symptoms. These results suggest that proper stress management and specific interventions are needed to help students maintain their mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Yuan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Teaching Affairs, China Medical University-The Queen's University of Belfast Joint College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Hang Wang
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Guo
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Ren
- International Education School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Qin Gao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo-Chen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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