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Shi Z, Stern N, Liu J, Tuomilehto J, Kronfeld-Schor N, El-Osta A, Alberti G, Chai Z, Bilu C, Einat H, Marcus Y, Zimmet P. The circadian syndrome is a predictor for cognition impairment in middle-aged adults: Comparison with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3827. [PMID: 38837323 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Circadian syndrome (CircS) is considered a better predictor for cardiovascular disease than the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aim to examine the associations between CircS and MetS with cognition in Chinese adults. METHOD We used the data of 8546 Chinese adults aged ≥40 years from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. MetS was defined using harmonised criteria. CircS included the components of MetS plus short sleep and depression. The cut-off for CircS was set as ≥4. Global cognitive function was assessed during the face-to-face interview. RESULTS CircS and MetS had opposite associations with the global cognition score and self-reported poor memory. Compared with individuals without the CircS and MetS, the regression coefficients (95%CI) for global cognition score were -1.02 (-1.71 to -0.34) for CircS alone and 0.52 (0.09 to 0.96) for MetS alone in men; -1.36 (-2.00 to -0.72) for CircS alone and 0.60 (0.15 to 1.06) for MetS alone in women. Having CircS alone was 2.53 times more likely to report poor memory in men (95%CI 1.80-3.55) and 2.08 times more likely in women (95%CI 1.54-2.81). In contrast, having MetS alone was less likely to report poor memory (OR 0.64 (0.49-0.84) in men and 0.65 (0.52-0.81) in women). People with CircS and MetS combined were more likely to have self-reported poor memory. CONCLUSIONS CircS is a strong and better predictor for cognition impairment than MetS in Chinese middle-aged adults. MetS without short sleep and depression is associated with better cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zumin Shi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Naftali Stern
- Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine and The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Assam El-Osta
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Alberti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zhonglin Chai
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmel Bilu
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioural Sciences, Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonit Marcus
- Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine and The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paul Zimmet
- Sagol Center for Epigenetics of Aging and Metabolism, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Diabetes, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Kim A, Kim EY, Kim J. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Obesity, Metabolic Parameters and Clinical Values in the South Korean Adult Population. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2814. [PMID: 38792356 PMCID: PMC11121933 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on obesity, metabolic parameters, and clinical values in the South Korean population. Data from the seventh and eighth National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were analyzed, comprising 3560 participants in 2018 (pre-COVID-19) and 3309 participants in 2021 (post-COVID-19). The study focused on adults aged 19 years and older who were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). The results showed a significant increase in waist circumference (approximately 2 cm), BMI (approximately 0.11 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (1.76 mg/dL higher), and glycated hemoglobin (0.14% higher) in the post-COVID-19 group compared to the pre-COVID-19 group. Additionally, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia increased by 4% after the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest an increased risk of obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic disorders, such as blood sugar disorders, in the post-COVID-19 period. Urine analysis revealed abnormal findings, including occult blood, urobilinogen, hematuria, proteinuria, ketone urea, glycosuria, and bacteriuria. The study highlights the negative impact of lifestyle changes, such as reduced physical activity and social gatherings, on physical vital signs and clinical values during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-yeob Kim
- Research Institute for Skin Image, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jaeyoung Kim
- Research Institute for Skin Image, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Convergence Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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3
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Mu Y, Yang Y, Jiang S, Liu C, Han Y, Jiang J, Wang Y. Benefits of Puerarin on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Cardiovascular Diseases in Rats Fed a High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:1273. [PMID: 38732519 PMCID: PMC11085683 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) that has become a global public health problem. Puerarin (PUE), the principal active compound of Pueraria lobata, has the effects of regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and protecting against cardiovascular damage. This study aimed to investigate whether dietary supplementation with PUE could ameliorate MetS and its associated cardiovascular damage. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: the normal diet group (NC), the high-fat/high-sucrose diet group (HFHS), and the HFHS plus PUE diet group (HFHS-PUE). The results showed that PUE-supplemented rats exhibited enhanced glucose tolerance, improved lipid parameters, and reduced blood pressure compared to those on the HFHS diet alone. Additionally, PUE reversed the HFHS-induced elevations in the atherogenic index (AI) and the activities of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK). Ultrasonic evaluations indicated that PUE significantly ameliorated cardiac dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Histopathological assessments further confirmed that PUE significantly mitigated cardiac remodeling, arterial remodeling, and neuronal damage in the brain. Moreover, PUE lowered systemic inflammatory indices including C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with PUE effectively moderated metabolic disorders, attenuated systemic inflammation, and minimized cardiovascular damage in rats with MetS induced by an HFHS diet. These results provide novel insights into the potential benefits of dietary PUE supplementation for the prevention and management of MetS and its related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiandong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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4
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Sperling JD, Frikke-Schmidt R, Scheike T, Kessing LV, Miskowiak K, Vinberg M. APOE Genotype, ApoE Plasma Levels, Lipid Metabolism, and Cognition in Monozygotic Twins with, at Risk of, and without Affective Disorders. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2361. [PMID: 38673634 PMCID: PMC11051543 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipids influence brain function and mental health. Understanding the role of apolipoproteins in affective disorders could provide valuable insights and potentially pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches. Methods: We examined the apolipoprotein E genotype and ApoE-levels, lipid profiles, and the correlation with cognition in 204 monozygotic (MZ) twins with unipolar or bipolar disorder in remission or partial remission (affected, AT), their unaffected co-twins (high-risk, HR), and twins with no personal or family history of affective disorder (low-risk, LR). Results: The APOE genotype was not associated with affective disorders. No significant group differences in ApoE levels were found between the three risk groups. Post hoc analysis group-wise comparisons showed higher ApoE levels in the AT than HR twins and in the concordant AT twin pairs relative to the discordant twin pairs. Within the discordant twin pairs, higher ApoE levels were observed in the affected twins (AT = 39.4 mg/L vs. HR = 36.8 mg/L, p = 0.037). Limitations: The present study could benefit from a larger sample size. We did not assess dietary habits. Conclusions: The results did not support our main hypothesis. However, exploratory post hoc analysis suggests a role for plasma ApoE and triglycerides in affective disorders. Future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Dyg Sperling
- The Early Multimodular Prevention and Intervention Research Institution (EMPIRI), Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital—Mental Health Services CPH, 3400 North Zealand, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Scheike
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, and Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- The Early Multimodular Prevention and Intervention Research Institution (EMPIRI), Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital—Mental Health Services CPH, 3400 North Zealand, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
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5
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Tsay HJ, Gan YL, Su YH, Sun YY, Yao HH, Chen HW, Hsu YT, Hsu JTA, Wang HD, Shie FS. Reducing brain Aβ burden ameliorates high-fat diet-induced fatty liver disease in APP/PS1 mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116404. [PMID: 38471275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver disease is a deteriorating risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitigating fatty liver disease has been shown to attenuate AD-like pathology in animal models. However, it remains unclear whether enhancing Aβ clearance through immunotherapy would in turn attenuate HFD-induced fatty liver or whether its efficacy would be compromised by long-term exposure to HFD. Here, the therapeutic potentials of an anti-Aβ antibody, NP106, was investigated in APP/PS1 mice by HFD feeding for 44 weeks. The data demonstrate that NP106 treatment effectively reduced Aβ burden and pro-inflammatory cytokines in HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice and ameliorated HFD-aggravated cognitive impairments during the final 18 weeks of the study. The rejuvenating characteristics of microglia were evident in APP/PS1 mice with NP106 treatment, namely enhanced microglial Aβ phagocytosis and attenuated microglial lipid accumulation, which may explain the benefits of NP106. Surprisingly, NP106 also reduced HFD-induced hyperglycemia, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, and hepatic lipids, concomitant with modifications in the expressions of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. The data further reveal that brain Aβ burden and behavioral deficits were positively correlated with the severity of fatty liver disease and fasting serum glucose levels. In conclusion, our study shows for the first time that anti-Aβ immunotherapy using NP106, which alleviates AD-like disorders in APP/PS1 mice, ameliorates fatty liver disease. Minimizing AD-related pathology and symptoms may reduce the vicious interplay between central AD and peripheral fatty liver disease, thereby highlighting the importance of developing AD therapies from a systemic disease perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Tsay
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ling Gan
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Han Su
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Yo Sun
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Heng-Hsiang Yao
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Wen Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Ting Hsu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - John Tsu-An Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Horng-Dar Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Feng-Shiun Shie
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan, ROC.
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6
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Petersen M, Hoffstaedter F, Nägele FL, Mayer C, Schell M, Rimmele DL, Zyriax BC, Zeller T, Kühn S, Gallinat J, Fiehler J, Twerenbold R, Omidvarnia A, Patil KR, Eickhoff SB, Thomalla G, Cheng B. A latent clinical-anatomical dimension relating metabolic syndrome to brain structure and cognition. eLife 2024; 12:RP93246. [PMID: 38512127 PMCID: PMC10957178 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and neurodegenerative as well as cerebrovascular conditions holds substantial implications for brain health in at-risk populations. This study elucidates the complex relationship between MetS and brain health by conducting a comprehensive examination of cardiometabolic risk factors, brain morphology, and cognitive function in 40,087 individuals. Multivariate, data-driven statistics identified a latent dimension linking more severe MetS to widespread brain morphological abnormalities, accounting for up to 71% of shared variance in the data. This dimension was replicable across sub-samples. In a mediation analysis, we could demonstrate that MetS-related brain morphological abnormalities mediated the link between MetS severity and cognitive performance in multiple domains. Employing imaging transcriptomics and connectomics, our results also suggest that MetS-related morphological abnormalities are linked to the regional cellular composition and macroscopic brain network organization. By leveraging extensive, multi-domain data combined with a dimensional stratification approach, our analysis provides profound insights into the association of MetS and brain health. These findings can inform effective therapeutic and risk mitigation strategies aimed at maintaining brain integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Petersen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Felix L Nägele
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Carola Mayer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Maximilian Schell
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - D Leander Rimmele
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Midwifery Science-Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular CenterHamburgGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/LuebeckHamburgGermany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular CenterHamburgGermany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular CenterHamburgGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/LuebeckHamburgGermany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular CenterHamburgGermany
- Epidemiological Study Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Amir Omidvarnia
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Goetz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany
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7
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Chen TS, Mi NN, Lao HY, Wang CY, Lo WLA, Mao YR, Tang Y, Pei Z, Yuan JQ, Huang DF. Investigating the nexus of metabolic syndrome, serum uric acid, and dementia risk: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med 2024; 22:115. [PMID: 38481272 PMCID: PMC10938845 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global dementia prevalence is surging, necessitating research into contributing factors. We aimed to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, serum uric acid (SUA) levels, and dementia risk. METHODS Our prospective study comprised 466,788 participants without pre-existing MetS from the UK Biobank. We confirmed dementia diagnoses based on the ICD-10 criteria (F00-03). To evaluate the dementia risk concerning MetS, its components, and SUA levels, we applied Cox proportional hazards models, while adjusting for demographic factors. RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 12.7 years, we identified 6845 dementia cases. Individuals with MetS had a 25% higher risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-1.31). The risk increased with the number of MetS components including central obesity, dyslipidemia for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia for triglycerides. Particularly for those with all five components (HR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.51-2.04). Dyslipidemia for HDL cholesterol, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia for triglycerides were independently associated with elevated dementia risk (p < 0.01). MetS was further linked to an increased risk of all-cause dementia (11%) and vascular dementia (VD, 50%) among individuals with SUA levels exceeding 400 μmol/L (all-cause dementia: HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02-1.21; VD: HR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.28-1.77). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides robust evidence supporting the association between MetS, its components, and dementia risk. These findings emphasize the importance of considering MetS and SUA levels in assessing dementia risk, offering valuable insights for prevention and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sr Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rehabilitation CHN-50, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning-Ning Mi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hubert Yuenhei Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision CHN-151, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wai Leung Ambrose Lo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Rong Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rehabilitation CHN-50, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rehabilitation CHN-50, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
| | - Jin-Qiu Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Clinical Big Data Research Centre, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dong-Feng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Rehabilitation Medicine and Translation, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rehabilitation CHN-50, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Zhang J, Pandey M, Awe A, Lue N, Kittock C, Fikse E, Degner K, Staples J, Mokhasi N, Chen W, Yang Y, Adikaram P, Jacob N, Greenfest-Allen E, Thomas R, Bomeny L, Zhang Y, Petros TJ, Wang X, Li Y, Simonds WF. The association of GNB5 with Alzheimer disease revealed by genomic analysis restricted to variants impacting gene function. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:473-486. [PMID: 38354736 PMCID: PMC10940018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease-associated variants identified from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) frequently map to non-coding areas of the genome such as introns and intergenic regions. An exclusive reliance on gene-agnostic methods of genomic investigation could limit the identification of relevant genes associated with polygenic diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD). To overcome such potential restriction, we developed a gene-constrained analytical method that considers only moderate- and high-risk variants that affect gene coding sequences. We report here the application of this approach to publicly available datasets containing 181,388 individuals without and with AD and the resulting identification of 660 genes potentially linked to the higher AD prevalence among Africans/African Americans. By integration with transcriptome analysis of 23 brain regions from 2,728 AD case-control samples, we concentrated on nine genes that potentially enhance the risk of AD: AACS, GNB5, GNS, HIPK3, MED13, SHC2, SLC22A5, VPS35, and ZNF398. GNB5, the fifth member of the heterotrimeric G protein beta family encoding Gβ5, is primarily expressed in neurons and is essential for normal neuronal development in mouse brain. Homozygous or compound heterozygous loss of function of GNB5 in humans has previously been associated with a syndrome of developmental delay, cognitive impairment, and cardiac arrhythmia. In validation experiments, we confirmed that Gnb5 heterozygosity enhanced the formation of both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of AD model mice. These results suggest that gene-constrained analysis can complement the power of GWASs in the identification of AD-associated genes and may be more broadly applicable to other polygenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Mritunjay Pandey
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam Awe
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicole Lue
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claire Kittock
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emma Fikse
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine Degner
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jenna Staples
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neha Mokhasi
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiping Chen
- Genomic Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bldg. 8/Rm 1A11, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Laboratory of Transplantation Genomics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bldg. 10/Rm 7S261, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Poorni Adikaram
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nirmal Jacob
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Greenfest-Allen
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laura Bomeny
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, Bldg. 35/Rm 3B 1002, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Timothy J Petros
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, Bldg. 35/Rm 3B 1002, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Partek Incorporated, 12747 Olive Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA
| | - Yulong Li
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William F Simonds
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, Bldg. 10/Rm 8C-101, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Liu X, Wang G, Cao Y. The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia among rural dwellers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 56:74-82. [PMID: 38306919 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in rural areas are increasingly attracting public attention. However, their prevalence is still unclear. This study aims to reveal the distribution of MCI and dementia in rural areas. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO up to June 2023 for cohort and cross-sectional studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models to evaluate the prevalence of MCI and dementia. Thirty-five studies with 16,936 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of MCI and dementia was 27 % (n = 12, 95 %CI = 0.21-0.32, I2 = 99.5 %, P < 0.001) and 7 % (n = 27, 95 %CI = 0.05-0.08, I2 = 99.30 %, P < 0.001), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that aged 60 years or older [(MCI: 29 %, 95 %CI = 0.20-0.38, I2 = 99.7 %, P < 0.001), (dementia: 9 % (95 %CI = 0.06-0.12, I2 = 99 %, P < 0.001)], female [(MCI: 29 %, 95 %CI = 0.19-0.40, I2 = 99.3 %, P < 0.001), (dementia: 7 %, 95 % CI = 0.04-0.12, I2 = 98.66 %, P < 0.001)], a-MCI (19 %, 95 %CI = 0.12-0.26, I2 = 97.62 %, P < 0.001) and AD (4 %, 95 %CI = 0.02-0.05, I2 = 98.60 %, P < 0.001) showed higher prevalence. The prevalence of MCI and dementia in rural China was 23 % (95 %CI = 0.18-0.29, I2 = 99.5 %, P < 0.001) and 6 % (95 %CI = 0.04-0.08, I2 = 99.6 %, P < 0.001), respectively. Implementing cognitive impairment screening and intervention measures is necessary to improve the cognitive function of the rural population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Liu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guangpeng Wang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yingjuan Cao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Department of Nursing, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, China; Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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10
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Hernandez Torres LD, Rezende F, Peschke E, Will O, Hövener JB, Spiecker F, Özorhan Ü, Lampe J, Stölting I, Aherrahrou Z, Künne C, Kusche-Vihrog K, Matschl U, Hille S, Brandes RP, Schwaninger M, Müller OJ, Raasch W. Incidence of microvascular dysfunction is increased in hyperlipidemic mice, reducing cerebral blood flow and impairing remote memory. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1338458. [PMID: 38469142 PMCID: PMC10925718 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1338458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The development of cognitive dysfunction is not necessarily associated with diet-induced obesity. We hypothesized that cognitive dysfunction might require additional vascular damage, for example, in atherosclerotic mice. Methods We induced atherosclerosis in male C57BL/6N mice by injecting AAV-PCSK9DY (2x1011 VG) and feeding them a cholesterol-rich Western diet. After 3 months, mice were examined for cognition using Barnes maze procedure and for cerebral blood flow. Cerebral vascular morphology was examined by immunehistology. Results In AAV-PCSK9DY-treated mice, plaque burden, plasma cholesterol, and triglycerides are elevated. RNAseq analyses followed by KEGG annotation show increased expression of genes linked to inflammatory processes in the aortas of these mice. In AAV-PCSK9DY-treated mice learning was delayed and long-term memory impaired. Blood flow was reduced in the cingulate cortex (-17%), caudate putamen (-15%), and hippocampus (-10%). Immunohistological studies also show an increased incidence of string vessels and pericytes (CD31/Col IV staining) in the hippocampus accompanied by patchy blood-brain barrier leaks (IgG staining) and increased macrophage infiltrations (CD68 staining). Discussion We conclude that the hyperlipidemic PCSK9DY mouse model can serve as an appropriate approach to induce microvascular dysfunction that leads to reduced blood flow in the hippocampus, which could explain the cognitive dysfunction in these mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia Rezende
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Eva Peschke
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frauke Spiecker
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ümit Özorhan
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josephine Lampe
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ines Stölting
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University Lübeck; University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carsten Künne
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Kusche-Vihrog
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Physiology, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Urte Matschl
- Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Hille
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralf P. Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- CBBM (Centre for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Oliver J. Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Raasch
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- CBBM (Centre for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Zhu C, Yao X, Liu D, Zhang G, Zhu Y, Chi H, Zhang S, Yang J, Liu Y, Wang J, Lin N. Neuroinflammation attenuation effects by celastrol and PDIA3 in the amygdala, hippocampus and dorsal raphe nucleus of obese mice. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:287-290. [PMID: 38464788 PMCID: PMC10921325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Image 1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guoxin Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yongping Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongyu Chi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuangpan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
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12
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Ji X, Zou W, Fan L, Zhou Z, Zhu X, Li X. Insulin resistance-related features are associated with cognitive decline: a cross-sectional study in adult patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:13. [PMID: 38212850 PMCID: PMC10782534 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the associations between insulin resistance (IR)-related features and cognitive function in type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS A total of 117 adult patients with T1D were recruited in this cross-sectional study. IR-related features include overweight/obesity/central obesity, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and decreased estimated insulin sensitivity (eIS). The Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revision, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Sustained Attention to Response Task was used to assess memory, executive function and sustained attention, respectively. A z-score was generated from each test, and a composite measure of global cognitive performance was calculated by averaging the z-scores of all tests. Cognitive differences were measured between T1D patients with and without IR-related features. The associations between IR-related features and and cognitive performance were analyzed using: logistic regression, partial correlation, and multivariate linear regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 53 (45.3%) T1D patients were defined as having IR-related features. Individuals with IR-related features displayed worse overall cognitive scores compared to those without and had a 4-fold increase in the risk for having global cognitive z-score < 0. Among the IR-related features, higher triglyceride (TG) and lower eIS showed linear correlation with lower global cognitive performance. And the subsequent regression analysis identified eIS as the factor independently associated with global cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS We have provided evidence linking IR-related features to deteriorated cognitive function in adult patients with T1D. And eIS showed an independent positive correlation with global cognitive performance. Although no causal relationship can be drawn, IR emerges as an important factor reflecting cognitive function. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03610984.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ji
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjing Zou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Medical Psychological Center, Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiongzhao Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Medical Psychological Center, Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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13
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Amidfar M, Askari G, Kim YK. Association of metabolic dysfunction with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease: A review of metabolomic evidence. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 128:110848. [PMID: 37634657 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new biomarkers that can distinguish Alzheimer's disease (AD) from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the early stages will help to provide new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and slow the transition from MCI to AD. Patients with AD may present with a concomitant metabolic disorder, such as diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia, as a risk factor for AD that may be involved in the onset of both AD pathology and cognitive impairment. Therefore, metabolite profiling, or metabolomics, can be very useful in diagnosing AD, developing new therapeutic targets, and evaluating both the course of treatment and the clinical course of the disease. In addition, studying the relationship between nutritional behavior and AD requires investigation of the role of conditions such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and elevated glucose level. Based on this literature review, nutritional recommendations, including weight loss by reducing calorie and cholesterol intake and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can prevent cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly. The underlying metabolic causes of the pathology and cognitive decline caused by AD and MCI are not well understood. In this review article, metabolomics biomarkers for diagnosis of AD and MCI and metabolic risk factors for cognitive decline in AD were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Amidfar
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yong-Ku Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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14
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Qureshi D, Collister J, Allen NE, Kuźma E, Littlejohns T. Association between metabolic syndrome and risk of incident dementia in UK Biobank. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:447-458. [PMID: 37675869 PMCID: PMC10916994 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incident dementia remains inconclusive. METHODS In 176,249 dementia-free UK Biobank participants aged ≥60 years at baseline, Cox proportional-hazards models were used to investigate the association between MetS and incident dementia. MetS was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the following: elevated waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, blood glucose, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS Over 15 years of follow-up (median = 12.3), 5255 participants developed dementia. MetS was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.18). The association remained consistent when restricting to longer follow-up intervals: >5 to 10 years (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.27) and >10 years (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.32). Stronger associations were observed in those with ≥4 MetS components and in apolipoprotein-E (APOE)-ε4 non-carriers. DISCUSSION In this large population-based prospective cohort, MetS was associated with an increased risk of dementia. HIGHLIGHTS MetS was associated with a 12% increased risk of incident all-cause dementia. Associations remained similar after restricting the analysis to those with longer follow-up. The presence of four or five MetS components was significantly associated with dementia. Stronger associations were observed in those with a low genetic risk for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Qureshi
- Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Naomi E. Allen
- Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- UK Biobank LtdStockportUK
| | - Elżbieta Kuźma
- Albertinen Haus Centre for Geriatrics and GerontologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
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15
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Petersen M, Hoffstaedter F, Nägele FL, Mayer C, Schell M, Rimmele DL, Zyriax BC, Zeller T, Kühn S, Gallinat J, Fiehler J, Twerenbold R, Omidvarnia A, Patil KR, Eickhoff SB, Thomalla G, Cheng B. A latent clinical-anatomical dimension relating metabolic syndrome to brain structure and cognition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.22.529531. [PMID: 36865285 PMCID: PMC9980040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.529531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and neurodegenerative as well cerebrovascular conditions holds substantial implications for brain health in at-risk populations. This study elucidates the complex relationship between MetS and brain health by conducting a comprehensive examination of cardiometabolic risk factors, cortical morphology, and cognitive function in 40,087 individuals. Multivariate, data-driven statistics identified a latent dimension linking more severe MetS to widespread brain morphological abnormalities, accounting for up to 71% of shared variance in the data. This dimension was replicable across sub-samples. In a mediation analysis we could demonstrate that MetS-related brain morphological abnormalities mediated the link between MetS severity and cognitive performance in multiple domains. Employing imaging transcriptomics and connectomics, our results also suggest that MetS-related morphological abnormalities are linked to the regional cellular composition and macroscopic brain network organization. By leveraging extensive, multi-domain data combined with a dimensional stratification approach, our analysis provides profound insights into the association of MetS and brain health. These findings can inform effective therapeutic and risk mitigation strategies aimed at maintaining brain integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Petersen
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Ju lich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Ju lich, Germany
| | - Felix L. Nägele
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carola Mayer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schell
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D. Leander Rimmele
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- Midwifery Science-Health Services Research and Prevention, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Twerenbold
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Epidemiological Study Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amir Omidvarnia
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Ju lich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Ju lich, Germany
| | - Kaustubh R. Patil
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Ju lich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Ju lich, Germany
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Ju lich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425 Ju lich, Germany
| | - Götz Thomalla
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Souza-Lima J, Matsudo SM, Valdivia-Moral P, Pérez W, Drenowatz C, Zenteno JS, Ferrari G. Association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older from Chile: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:806. [PMID: 38053094 PMCID: PMC10696861 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies in Latin America have examined the association between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive impairment (CI) in a nationally representative sample. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CI in a nationally representative sample of adults aged 60 years or older from Chile and to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk factors and CI. METHODS Data from the cross-sectional 2016-2017 National Health Survey of Chile, which included 2031 adults (63.7% women) was used. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome (blood pressure, triglycerides, fasting glucose or treatment for diabetics, waist circumference, and HDL cholesterol), risk of cardiovascular disease (history and measured variables, using the Framingham risk score), tobacco use, and physical activity were measured. CI was assessed using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). RESULTS Overall, the prevalence of CI was 12.2% at the national level. Significant differences in CI were observed by age, education level, risk of cardiovascular disease, and smoking. High risk of cardiovascular disease was associated with higher odds of CI (OR: 2.04; 95%CI: 1.20-3.45) compared to low risk. Smoking was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of CI (OR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36-0.87) compared to never smoking. Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and physical activity were not associated with CI. CONCLUSIONS This study provided additional support for previous findings on the relationship between cognitive decline and an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Worse CI was associated with the group with the highest risk of cardiovascular disease, and the presence of lifestyle factors, such as obesity and physical inactivity, exacerbate this relationship, but not being a current smoker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Waldo Pérez
- Hémera Centro de Observación de la tierra, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- Division of Sport, Physical Activity and Health, University of Education Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Jorge Sapunar Zenteno
- Centro de Excelencia de Medicina Translacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile.
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Jabir MS, Albuhadily AK, Al-Gareeb AI, Rafeeq MF. The link between metabolic syndrome and Alzheimer disease: A mutual relationship and long rigorous investigation. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102084. [PMID: 37802319 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been illustrated that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology. Components of MetS including central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia adversely affect the pathogenesis of AD by different mechanisms including activation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), inflammatory signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, brain IR, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. MetS exacerbates AD neuropathology, and targeting of molecular pathways in MetS by pharmacological approach could a novel therapeutic strategy in the management of AD in high risk group. However, the underlying mechanisms of these pathways in AD neuropathology are not completely clarified. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the association between MetS and AD regarding the oxidative and inflammatory mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydar M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied science, University of technology, Iraq.
| | - Ali K Albuhadily
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Zheng W, Zhou X, Yin J, Liu H, Yin W, Zhang W, Zhu X, Sun Z. Metabolic syndrome-related cognitive impairment with white matter hyperintensities and functional network analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2557-2567. [PMID: 37724054 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and cognitive impairment related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the underlying neural network mechanisms. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 50 participants with MetS and WMHs (MetS-WMHs), 45 with MetS without WMHs, and 50 control participants. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a detailed cognitive evaluation. A graph theory analysis based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted to calculate functional network properties. A mediation analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between WMHs and MetS-related cognitive impairment. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the participants in the MetS-WMHs group displayed lower global efficiency, local efficiency, and nodal efficiency, mainly located in the regions of the salience network. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between functional network efficiency and cognitive performance. Mediation analysis indicated that WMHs served as a mediating variable between MetS and cognitive decline, affecting attention/executive function, language, and global cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS WMHs mediated the association between MetS and cognitive function, with a decline in the efficiency of functional brain networks being a probable neural mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zheng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiabin Yin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Neurology, Anhui Public Clinical Center, Hefei, China
| | - Wenwen Yin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongwu Sun
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Beydoun MA, Beydoun HA, Fanelli-Kuczmarski MT, Weiss J, Georgescu MF, Meirelles O, Lyall DM, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Pathways explaining racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities in dementia incidence: the UK Biobank study. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9310-9340. [PMID: 37751591 PMCID: PMC10564412 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathways explaining racial/ethnic disparities in dementia risk are under-evaluated. METHODS We examine those disparities and their related pathways among UK Biobank study respondents (50-74 y, N = 323,483; 3.6% non-White minorities) using a series of Cox proportional hazards and generalized structural equations models (GSEM). RESULTS After ≤15 years, 5,491 all-cause dementia cases were diagnosed. Racial minority status (RACE_ETHN, Non-White vs. White) increased dementia risk by 24% (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.07-1.45, P = 0.005), an association attenuated by socio-economic status (SES), (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.96-1.31). Total race-dementia effect was mediated through both SES and Life's Essential 8 lifestyle sub-score (LE8LIFESTYLE), combining diet, smoking, physical activity, and sleep factors. SES was inversely related to dementia risk (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.67, 0.72, P < 0.001). Pathways explaining excess dementia risk among racial minorities included 'RACE_ETHN(-) → SES(-) → DEMENTIA', 'RACE_ETHN(-) → SES(-) → Poor cognitive performance, COGN(+) → DEMENTIA' and 'RACE_ETHN(-) → SES(+) → LE8LIFESTYLE(-) → DEMENTIA'. CONCLUSIONS Pending future interventions, lifestyle factors including diet, smoking, physical activity, and sleep are crucial for reducing racial and socio-economic disparities in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- May A. Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hind A. Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, USA
| | - Marie T. Fanelli-Kuczmarski
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Stanford Center on Longevity, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael F. Georgescu
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Osorio Meirelles
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Donald M. Lyall
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scottland, UK
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Badji A, Youwakim J, Cooper A, Westman E, Marseglia A. Vascular cognitive impairment - Past, present, and future challenges. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102042. [PMID: 37634888 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a lifelong process encompassing a broad spectrum of cognitive disorders, ranging from subtle or mild deficits to prodromal and fully developed dementia, originating from cerebrovascular lesions such as large and small vessel disease. Genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyles, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders will synergistically interact, yielding biochemical and structural brain changes, ultimately culminating in VCI. However, little is known about the pathological processes underlying VCI and the temporal dynamics between risk factors and disease mechanisms (biochemical and structural brain changes). This narrative review aims to provide an evidence-based summary of the link between individual vascular risk/disorders and cognitive dysfunction and the potential structural and biochemical pathophysiological processes. We also discuss some key challenges for future research on VCI. There is a need to shift from individual risk factors/disorders to comorbid vascular burden, identifying and integrating imaging and fluid biomarkers, implementing a life-course approach, considering possible neuroprotective influences of positive life exposures, and addressing biological sex at birth and gender differences. Finally, this review highlights the need for future researchers to leverage and integrate multidimensional data to advance our understanding of the mechanisms and pathophysiology of VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef Badji
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Youwakim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur la Signalisation Neuronal et la Circuiterie (SNC), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Cooper
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Marseglia
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kobiec T, Mardaraz C, Toro-Urrego N, Kölliker-Frers R, Capani F, Otero-Losada M. Neuroprotection in metabolic syndrome by environmental enrichment. A lifespan perspective. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1214468. [PMID: 37638319 PMCID: PMC10447983 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1214468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the concurrence of different metabolic conditions: obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Its incidence has been increasingly rising over the past decades and has become a global health problem. MetS has deleterious consequences on the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological development. MetS can last several years or be lifelong, affecting the CNS in different ways and treatments can help manage condition, though there is no known cure. The early childhood years are extremely important in neurodevelopment, which extends beyond, encompassing a lifetime. Neuroplastic changes take place all life through - childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age - are highly sensitive to environmental input. Environmental factors have an important role in the etiopathogenesis and treatment of MetS, so environmental enrichment (EE) stands as a promising non-invasive therapeutic approach. While the EE paradigm has been designed for animal housing, its principles can be and actually are applied in cognitive, sensory, social, and physical stimulation programs for humans. Here, we briefly review the central milestones in neurodevelopment at each life stage, along with the research studies carried out on how MetS affects neurodevelopment at each life stage and the contributions that EE models can provide to improve health over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kobiec
- Facultad de Psicología, Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Mardaraz
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Toro-Urrego
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Kölliker-Frers
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matilde Otero-Losada
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Thomas MD, Calmasini C, Khela H, Mobley TM, Rose Mayeda E, Mangurian C, Barnes LL, Gilsanz P, Whitmer RA, Glymour MM. The impact of attending historically Black colleges and universities on cognitive decline in Black adults: A longitudinal analysis in the KHANDLE and STAR cohorts. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:3426-3434. [PMID: 36800287 PMCID: PMC10432571 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Black students attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs) versus historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) report more harmful discrimination and develop worse mental health outcomes, potentially offsetting the established benefits of college for lowering dementia incidence. METHODS Black participants in two cohorts (the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences [KHANDLE] and the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans [STAR]) who had attended college (N = 716) self-reported the college name (classified as HBCU vs. PWI) and completed three waves of executive function (EF) and verbal episodic memory (VEM) assessments. HBCU effects on cognitive level and decline were estimated using adjusted linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS HBCU (vs. PWI) attendees averaged better EF (β = 0.05 [-0.22, 0.32]) and VEM (β = 0.21 [-0.06, 0.46]) at age 70 though neither association was statistically significant. HBCU attendance was associated with slightly faster VEM decline (β = -0.03 [-0.05, 0.00]). DISCUSSION Harmonized analyses with larger studies are needed to estimate important effects of HBCU attendance. HIGHLIGHTS Higher education is robustly linked to lower dementia risk, yet Black-White inequities persist among college-educated adults. Black students attending predominantly White institutions (PWIs) versus historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) report more harmful discrimination and develop worse mental health outcomes, which may offset the established benefits of college for lowering dementia incidence. HBCU (vs. non-HBCU) attendees averaged better executive function and verbal episodic memory (VEM) at average age 70, though confidence intervals were wide and associations were not statistically significant, and averaged slightly faster decline in VEM. Harmonized analyses using larger nationally representative studies are likely needed to avoid underestimating the health effects of HBCU attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn D. Thomas
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Camilla Calmasini
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Harmon Khela
- Johns Hopkins University, Departments of Biology and of Public Health Studies, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taylor M. Mobley
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rose Mayeda
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina Mangurian
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paola Gilsanz
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rachel A. Whitmer
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Kontari P, Fife-Schaw C, Smith K. Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Dementia Incidence in Older Adults: A Cross-Country Comparison in England, the United States, and China. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1035-1044. [PMID: 36478065 PMCID: PMC10465082 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mixed evidence for an association between cardiometabolic risk factors and dementia incidence. This study aimed to determine whether different latent classes of cardiometabolic conditions were associated with dementia risk in older adults across England, the United States, and China. METHODS A total of 4 511 participants aged 50 and older were drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), 5 112 from Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and 9 022 from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Latent class analyses were performed across each data set utilizing 7 baseline cardiometabolic conditions: obesity, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hyperglycemia, diabetes, and inflammation. Confounder-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regressions were conducted to estimate dementia incidence by cardiometabolic latent classes. RESULTS Three similar cardiometabolic classes were identified across all countries: (i) "relatively healthy/healthy obesity," (ii) "obesity-hypertension," and (iii) "complex cardiometabolic." Across the 3 samples, a total of 1 230 individuals developed dementia over a median of 6.8-12.2 years. Among ELSA and HRS participants, the "complex cardiometabolic" group had a higher dementia risk when compared to the "healthy obesity" groups (England: adjusted hazard ratio [AdjHR] = 1.62 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.11-2.37]; United States: AdjHR = 1.31 [95% CI = 1.02-1.68]). However, in CHARLS participants, the "obesity-hypertension" group had a greater risk of dementia when compared to the "relatively healthy" group (AdjHR = 1.28 [95% CI = 1.04-1.57]). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that in western populations, complex cardiometabolic clusters are associated with higher rates of dementia incidence, whereas in a Chinese sample, a different cardiometabolic profile seems to be linked to an increased risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Kontari
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Chris Fife-Schaw
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Kimberley Smith
- Department of Psychological Interventions, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Rajkumar RP. Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An Integrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051465. [PMID: 37239136 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that occurs following exposure to traumatic events. Recent evidence suggests that PTSD may be a risk factor for the development of subsequent neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease. Identification of biomarkers known to be associated with neurodegeneration in patients with PTSD would shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these disorders and would also help in the development of preventive strategies for neurodegenerative disorders in PTSD. With this background, the PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for studies designed to identify biomarkers that could be associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative disorders in patients with PTSD. Out of a total of 342 citations retrieved, 29 studies were identified for inclusion in the review. The results of these studies suggest that biomarkers such as cerebral cortical thinning, disrupted white matter integrity, specific genetic polymorphisms, immune-inflammatory alterations, vitamin D deficiency, metabolic syndrome, and objectively documented parasomnias are significantly associated with PTSD and may predict an increased risk of subsequent neurodegenerative disorders. The biological mechanisms underlying these changes, and the interactions between them, are also explored. Though requiring replication, these findings highlight a number of biological pathways that plausibly link PTSD with neurodegenerative disorders and suggest potentially valuable avenues for prevention and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605006, India
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25
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Oprescu AC, Grosu C, Bild W. Correlations between Cognitive Evaluation and Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040570. [PMID: 37110228 PMCID: PMC10144927 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common medical diseases is metabolic syndrome (MetS), which encompasses diabetes and obesity. It has a systemic effect, which has long-lasting consequences on the body that are still not fully understood. The objectives of the study were to investigate the association between the severity of metabolic imbalances, insulin resistance, leptin concentration, and the presence of cognitive disorders and to assess the possible protective role of some classes of drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and dyslipidemia in order to identify a viable target in the near future. The study included 148 diabetic patients. Standardized tests for the evaluation of cognition, including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), were applied to all study participants. Serum concentrations of leptin and insulin were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA), and insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We found that MMSE and MoCA scores were associated with anthropometric parameters, and MoCA was associated with glycemic control parameters and leptin levels. Further research is needed in order to establish the magnitude of the relationship between metabolic syndrome components and cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Cătălin Oprescu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina Grosu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Walther Bild
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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Giovana Maciel Reis C, Rocha-Gomes A, Escobar Teixeira A, Gomes de Oliveira D, Mainy Oliveira Santiago C, Alves da Silva A, Regina Riul T, de Jesus Oliveira E. Short-term Cafeteria Diet Is Associated with Fat Mass Accumulation, Systemic and Amygdala Inflammation, and Anxiety-like Behavior in Adult Male Wistar Rats. Neuroscience 2023; 515:37-52. [PMID: 36773840 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is linked to metabolic, hormonal and biochemical alterations, and is also a risk factor for behavioral disorders. Evidence suggests that these disorders may be related to the consumption of hypercaloric diets, fat mass accumulation and changes in inflammation and redox status. Although much is known about the chronic effects of hypercaloric diets on mental health, few studies have evaluated the consequences of short-term exposure of these diets on behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional, behavioral (anxiety-like), inflammatory and redox status parameters in adult male Wistar rats exposed to short-term cafeteria diet. Adult Wistar male rats (90 days-old; n = 12/group) received, during 14 days, the diets: Control- standard diet; Simple Cafeteria Diet (SCD)- homogeneous cafeteria diet. Varied Cafeteria Diet (VCD)- cafeteria diet with rotation and variation. Nutritional analyzes and tests for anxiety-like behaviors were performed, in addition to inflammatory and redox status measurements in blood and amygdala. The SCD group showed higher fat energy intake, while the VCD group consumed more energy from carbohydrates. SCD and VCD showed higher fat mass accumulation, in addition to higher levels of TNFα, INFγ, TBARS and FRAP in the blood. Also, SCD and VCD groups reported high levels of TNFα in the amygdala. Regarding behavioral evaluations, SCD and VCD groups showed anxiogenesis in the elevated plus maze, light-dark box, and open field tests. Therefore, the two cafeteria diets induced obesity and systemic inflammation, which in turn, resulted in an increase in amygdala TNFα levels and anxiety-like behaviors in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Giovana Maciel Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Arthur Rocha-Gomes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - Amanda Escobar Teixeira
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Dalila Gomes de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Camilla Mainy Oliveira Santiago
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Alves da Silva
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Riul
- Laboratório de Nutrição Experimental - LabNutrex - Departamento de Nutrição. Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Jesus Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brazil.
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Díaz-Camargo E, Hernández-Lalinde J, Sánchez-Rubio M, Chaparro-Suárez Y, Álvarez-Caicedo L, Fierro-Zarate A, Gravini-Donado M, García-Pacheco H, Rojas-Quintero J, Bermúdez V. NHANES 2011-2014 Reveals Decreased Cognitive Performance in U.S. Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Combinations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5257. [PMID: 37047872 PMCID: PMC10093810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment has been evidenced across research; however, conflicting results have been observed. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3179 adults older than 60 from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. In our results, we found that adults with abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol had 4.39 fewer points in the CERAD immediate recall test than adults without any metabolic syndrome factors [Beta = -4.39, SE = 1.32, 17.75 (1.36) vs. 22.14 (0.76)]. In addition, people with this metabolic syndrome combination exhibited 2.39 fewer points in the CERAD delayed recall test than those without metabolic syndrome criteria [Beta = -2.39, SE = 0.46, 4.32 (0.49) vs. 6.71 (0.30)]. It was also found that persons with high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and low HDL-cholesterol levels reached 4.11 points less in the animal fluency test than people with no factors [Beta = -4.11, SE = 1.55, 12.67 (2.12) vs. 16.79 (1.35)]. These findings suggest that specific metabolic syndrome combinations are essential predictors of cognitive impairment. In this study, metabolic syndrome combinations that included obesity, fasting hyperglycemia, high triglycerides, and low HDL-cholesterol were among the most frequent criteria observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Díaz-Camargo
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Juan Hernández-Lalinde
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - María Sánchez-Rubio
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Yudy Chaparro-Suárez
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Liseth Álvarez-Caicedo
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Alexandra Fierro-Zarate
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
| | - Marbel Gravini-Donado
- Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
| | - Henry García-Pacheco
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad del Zulia, Hospital General del Sur, Dr. Pedro Iturbe, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
- Unidad de Cirugía para Obesidad y Metabolismo (UCOM), Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
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Pillai JA, Bena J, Bekris L, Kodur N, Kasumov T, Leverenz JB, Kashyap SR. Metabolic syndrome biomarkers relate to rate of cognitive decline in MCI and dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:54. [PMID: 36927447 PMCID: PMC10018847 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, plasma triglyceride/HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, on the rate of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. The role of peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), a key functional component of HDL, on cognitive decline also remains unclear among them. Here we evaluate baseline plasma TG/HDL-C ratio and CSF and plasma ApoA1 levels and their relation with cognitive decline in the MCI and Dementia stages of AD. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective longitudinal study (156 participants; 106 MCI, 50 AD dementia) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, with an average of 4.0 (SD 2.8) years follow-up. Baseline plasma TG/HDL-C, plasma, and CSF ApoA1 and their relationship to inflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) biomarkers and longitudinal cognitive outcomes were evaluated. Multivariable linear mixed effect models were used to assess the effect of baseline analytes with longitudinal changes in Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), and Logical Memory delayed recall (LM) score after controlling for well-known covariates. RESULTS A total of 156 participants included 98 women, 63%; mean age was 74.9 (SD 7.3) years. At baseline, MCI and dementia groups did not differ significantly in TG/HDL-C (Wilcoxon W statistic = 0.39, p = 0.39) and CSF ApoA1 levels (W = 3642, p = 0.29), but the dementia group had higher plasma ApoA1 than the MCI group (W = 4615, p = 0.01). Higher TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with faster decline in CDR-SB among MCI and dementia groups. Higher plasma ApoA1 was associated with faster decline in MMSE and LM among MCI, while in contrast higher CSF ApoA1 levels related to slower cognitive decline in MMSE among MCI. CSF and plasma ApoA1 also show opposite directional correlations with biomarkers of BBB integrity. CSF but not plasma levels of ApoA1 positively correlated to inflammation analytes in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications (KEGG ID:KO04933). CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers of metabolic syndrome relate to rate of cognitive decline among MCI and dementia individuals. Elevated plasma TG/HDL-C ratio and plasma ApoA1 are associated with worse cognitive outcomes in MCI and dementia participants. CSF ApoA1 and plasma ApoA1 likely have different roles in AD progression in MCI stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagan A Pillai
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave/U10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - James Bena
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Lynn Bekris
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Nandan Kodur
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Takhar Kasumov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 9500 Euclid Ave/U10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sangeeta R Kashyap
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, 10021, USA
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Liebing S, Dalkner N, Ischebeck A, Bengesser SA, Birner A, Fellendorf FT, Lenger M, Maget A, Kroisenbrunner H, Häussl A, Platzer M, Queissner R, Schönthaler EMD, Stross T, Tmava-Berisha A, Reininghaus EZ. A one-year view on the association of metabolic syndrome and cognitive function in bipolar disorder - Preliminary data. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:251-256. [PMID: 36435403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with bipolar disorder have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and an increased risk for cognitive deficits. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the trajectory of cognitive decline in dependence of metabolic syndrome over a one-year interval. METHODS 52 well-diagnosed individuals with bipolar disorder, euthymic at baseline and follow-up (n = 17 with metabolic syndrome vs. n = 35 without metabolic syndrome) were investigated with a comprehensive neurocognitive test battery (Trail Making Test A/B, Digit Symbol Test, California Verbal Leaning Test, or the Verbal Learning and Memory Test respectively) twice within the interval of one year. RESULTS Patients with bipolar disorder and additional metabolic syndrome performed significantly worse in the domain of psychomotor and processing speed/attention than patients without metabolic syndrome at test point one. No deteriorating effects of metabolic syndrome on the cognitive domain scores and overall cognitive performance were found at the one-year follow up. However, no cognitive decline could be reported in both groups. LIMITATIONS Time interval, small sample size and selection of metabolic syndrome affected patients were the major limitations of this study. CONCLUSION There was no association of metabolic syndrome on the one-year trajectory of cognitive function in bipolar disorder. Future studies should expand the observation period and investigate larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liebing
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | - N Dalkner
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - A Ischebeck
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria
| | - S A Bengesser
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - A Birner
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - F T Fellendorf
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - M Lenger
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - A Maget
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - A Häussl
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - M Platzer
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - R Queissner
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - E M D Schönthaler
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - T Stross
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - A Tmava-Berisha
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - E Z Reininghaus
- University Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Saifuddin Ekram ARM, Espinoza SE, Ernst ME, Ryan J, Beilin L, Stocks NP, Ward SA, McNeil JJ, Shah RC, Woods RL. The Association between Metabolic Syndrome, Frailty and Disability-Free Survival in Healthy Community-dwelling Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1-9. [PMID: 36651481 PMCID: PMC10061371 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and frailty, and determine whether co-existent MetS and frailty affect disability-free survival (DFS), assessed through a composite of death, dementia or physical disability. DESIGN Longitudinal study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults from Australia and the United States (n=18,264) from "ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly" (ASPREE) study. MEASUREMENTS MetS was defined according to American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines (2018). A modified Fried phenotype and a deficit accumulation Frailty Index (FI) were used to assess frailty. Association between MetS and frailty was examined using multinomial logistic regression. Cox regression was used to analyze the association between MetS, frailty and DFS over a median follow-up of 4.7 years. RESULTS Among 18,264 participants, 49.9% met the criteria for MetS at baseline. Participants with Mets were more likely to be pre-frail [Relative Risk Ratio (RRR): 1.22; 95%Confidence Interval (CI): 1.14, 1.30)] or frail (RRR: 1.66; 95%CI: 1.32, 2.08) than those without MetS. MetS alone did not shorten DFS while pre-frailty or frailty alone did [Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.68; 95%CI: 1.45, 1.94; HR: 2.65; 95%CI:1.92, 3.66, respectively]. Co-existent MetS with pre-frailty/frailty did not change the risk of shortened DFS. CONCLUSIONS MetS was associated with pre-frailty or frailty in community-dwelling older individuals. Pre-frailty or frailty increased the risk of reduced DFS but presence of MetS did not change this risk. Assessment of frailty may be more important than MetS in predicting survival free of dementia or physical disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R M Saifuddin Ekram
- Dr. A R M Saifuddin Ekram, Senior Clinical Research Consultant (ASPREE), SPHPM, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia. Mobile phone: +61449031659, E-mail:
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Reynolds EL, Votruba KL, Watanabe M, Banerjee M, Elafros MA, Chant E, Villegas-Umana E, Giordani B, Feldman EL, Callaghan BC. The Effect of Surgical Weight Loss on Cognition in Individuals with Class II/III Obesity. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:1153-1161. [PMID: 38151865 PMCID: PMC11100299 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-2047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global epidemic and is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. It remains unknown whether weight loss interventions, such as bariatric surgery, can mitigate cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effect of surgical weight loss on cognition in individuals with class II/III obesity. DESIGN We performed a prospective cohort study of participants who underwent bariatric surgery. At baseline and two years following surgery, participants completed metabolic risk factor and neuropsychological assessments. SETTING Participants were enrolled from an academic suburban bariatric surgery clinic. PARTICIPANTS There were 113 participants who completed baseline assessments and 87 completed two-year follow-up assessments (66 in-person and 21 virtual) after bariatric surgery. The mean (SD) age was 46.8 (12.5) years and 64 (73.6%) were female. INTERVENTION Bariatric surgery. There were 77 (88.5%) participants that underwent sleeve gastrectomy and 10 (11.5%) that underwent gastric bypass surgery. MEASUREMENTS Cognition was assessed using the NIH toolbox cognitive battery (NIHTB-CB) and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). The primary outcome was the change in NIHTB-CB fluid composite score before and after surgery. RESULTS The primary outcome, NIHTB-CB composite score, was stable following bariatric surgery (-0.4 (13.9), p=0.81,n=66). Among secondary outcomes, the NIHTB-CB dimensional card sorting test (executive function assessment), improved (+6.5 (19.9),p=0.01,n=66) while the Rey AVLT delayed recall test (memory assessment) declined (-0.24 (0.83),p=0.01,n=87) following surgery. Improvements to metabolic risk factors and diabetes complications were not associated with improvements to NIHTB-CB composite score. The other 4 NIHTB-CB subtests and Rey AVLT assessments of auditory learning and recognition were stable at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Following bariatric surgery, the age-adjusted composite cognitive outcome did not change, but an executive subtest score improved. These results suggest that bariatric surgery may mitigate the natural history of cognitive decline in individuals with obesity, which is expected to be faster than normal aging, but confirmatory randomized controlled trials are needed. The decline in delayed recall also warrants further studies to determine potential differential effects on cognitive subtests.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Reynolds
- Brian Callaghan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 4021 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, 734-764-7205 office, 734-763-7275 fax,
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He Q, Wang W, Li H, Xiong Y, Tao C, Ma L, You C. Genetic Insights into the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Dementia: A Mendelian Randomization. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:725-743. [PMID: 37840498 PMCID: PMC10657705 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on dementia is disputed. OBJECTIVE We conducted a Mendelian randomization to clarify whether the genetically predicted MetS and its components are casually associated with the risk of different dementia types. METHODS The genetic predictors of MetS and its five components (waist circumference, hypertension, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]) come from comprehensive public genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Different dementia types are collected from the GWAS in the European population. Inverse variance weighting is utilized as the main method, complemented by several sensitivity approaches to verify the robustness of the results. RESULTS Genetically predicted MetS and its five components are not causally associated with the increasing risk of dementia (all p > 0.05). In addition, no significant association between MetS and its components and Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and dementia due to Parkinson's disease (all p > 0.05), except the association between HDL-C and dementia with Lewy bodies. HDL-C may play a protective role in dementia with Lewy bodies (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72-0.92, p = 0.0010). CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of genetic variants, our study provides novel evidence that MetS and its components are not associated with different dementia types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Metabolic Diseases and Pharmacotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences at Beijing, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanyuan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao You
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Association of mild cognitive impairment and physical activity level in older persons in Chile. AGING AND HEALTH RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ahr.2022.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Gosalia J, Montgomery PS, Zhang S, Pomilla WA, Wang M, Liang M, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A, Proctor DN, Gardner AW. Increased pulse wave velocity is related to impaired working memory and executive function in older adults with metabolic syndrome. GeroScience 2022; 44:2831-2844. [PMID: 35980564 PMCID: PMC9768088 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related vascular alterations promote the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Cardiovascular risk factors that accelerate vascular aging exacerbate VCI. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a cluster of critical cardiovascular risk factors (abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, elevated fasting glucose, reduced HDL cholesterol), which affects nearly 37% of the adult US population. The present study was designed to test the hypotheses that MetS exacerbates cognitive impairment and that arterial stiffening moderates the association between cognitive dysfunction and MetS in older adults. MetS was defined by the NCEP ATP III guidelines. Cognitive function (digit span and trail-making tests) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV; a non-invasive clinical measurement of arterial stiffness) were assessed in older adults with MetS and age- and sex-matched controls. Multiple linear regression models were applied to test for the main effects of MetS, baPWV, and their interaction on cognitive performance. Fifty-three participants with MetS (age: 68 ± 8 years) and 39 age-matched individuals without MetS (age: 66 ± 9 years) were enrolled into the study. In adjusted multivariable regression analyses of the digit span backward length score, both MetS (ß = 1.97, p = 0.048) and MetS by baPWV interaction (ß = - 0.001, p = 0.026) were significant predictors. In participants with MetS, higher baPWV was associated with poorer performance on digit span backward length score, a test of working memory (R = - 0.44, p = 0.0012), but there was no association in those without MetS (R = 0.035, p = 0.83). MetS was negatively associated with performance on the digit span backward length score, baPWV was negatively associated with multiple neuropsychological outcomes, and baPWV moderated the association between digit span backward length score and MetS, as individuals with both MetS and higher baPWV had the most impaired cognitive function. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that individuals with MetS and higher baPWV may be prone to VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Gosalia
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Polly S Montgomery
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shangming Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - William A Pomilla
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University DriveMail Code HP28, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Menglu Liang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University DriveMail Code HP28, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Departments of Translational Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Departments of Translational Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine, Departments of Translational Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David N Proctor
- Department of Kinesiology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew W Gardner
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Associations between dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome in older adults in New Zealand: the REACH study. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1806-1816. [PMID: 34814955 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is common in older adults and may be modified by the diet. The aim of this study was to examine associations between a posteriori dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome in an older New Zealand population. The REACH study (Researching Eating, Activity, and Cognitive Health) included 366 participants (aged 65-74 years, 36 % male) living independently in Auckland, New Zealand. Dietary data were collected using a 109-item FFQ with demonstrated validity and reproducibility for assessing dietary patterns using principal component analysis. The metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Associations between dietary patterns and the metabolic syndrome, adjusted for age, sex, index of multiple deprivation, physical activity, and energy intake were analysed using logistic regression analysis. Three dietary patterns explained 18 % of dietary intake variation - 'Mediterranean style' (salad/leafy cruciferous/other vegetables, avocados/olives, alliums, nuts/seeds, shellfish and white/oily fish, berries), 'prudent' (dried/fresh/frozen legumes, soya-based foods, whole grains and carrots) and 'Western' (processed meat/fish, sauces/condiments, cakes/biscuits/puddings and meat pies/hot chips). No associations were seen between 'Mediterranean style' (OR = 0·75 (95 % CI 0·53, 1·06), P = 0·11) or 'prudent' (OR = 1·17 (95 % CI 0·83, 1·59), P = 0·35) patterns and the metabolic syndrome after co-variate adjustment. The 'Western' pattern was positively associated with the metabolic syndrome (OR = 1·67 (95 % CI 1·08, 2·63), P = 0·02). There was also a small association between an index of multiple deprivation (OR = 1·04 (95 % CI 1·02, 1·06), P < 0·001) and the metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional study provides further support for a Western dietary pattern being a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome in an older population.
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Machado-Fragua MD, Fayosse A, Yerramalla MS, van Sloten TT, Tabak AG, Kivimaki M, Sabia S, Singh-Manoux A. Association of Metabolic Syndrome With Incident Dementia: Role of Number and Age at Measurement of Components in a 28-Year Follow-up of the Whitehall II Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2127-2135. [PMID: 35819815 PMCID: PMC9472484 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research suggests an inconsistent association between Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incident dementia. We examined the role of number of MetS components and age at their assessment for incident dementia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS MetS components (fasting glucose, triglycerides, waist circumference, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol) on 7,265, 6,660, and 3,608 participants at <60, 60 to <70, and ≥70 years of age were used to examine associations with incident dementia using cause-specific Cox regression. RESULTS Analyses of MetS measured at <60, 60 to <70, and ≥70 years involved 393 (5.4%), 497 (7.5%), and 284 (7.9%) dementia cases over a median follow-up of 20.8, 10.4, and 4.2 years, respectively. Every additional MetS component before 60 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.13 [95% CI 1.05, 1.23]) and 60 to <70 (HR 1.08 [95% CI 1.00, 1.16]) but not ≥70 years (HR 1.04 [95% CI 0.96, 1.13]) was associated with higher dementia risk. MetS defined conventionally (≥3 components) before 60 years (HR 1.23 [95% CI 0.96, 1.57]), between 60 and 70 years (HR 1.14 [95% CI 0.91, 1.42]), or >70 years of age (HR 1.10 [95% CI 0.86, 1.40]) was not associated with incident dementia. Multistate models showed higher risk of dementia in those with ≥1 (HR 1.99 [95% CI 1.08, 3.66]) and ≥2 MetS components (HR 1.69 [95% CI 1.12, 2.56]) before 60 years of age, even when they remained free of cardiovascular disease over the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Risk of incident dementia increases with every additional MetS component present in midlife rather than after accumulation of three components; only part of this risk is mediated by cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos D Machado-Fragua
- INSERM U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Fayosse
- INSERM U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Manasa Shanta Yerramalla
- INSERM U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas T van Sloten
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM) and Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Adam G Tabak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K.,Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Séverine Sabia
- INSERM U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- INSERM U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
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Kontari P. Association of cardiometabolic and genetic risk with incidence of dementia. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2022; 3:e374-e375. [PMID: 36098314 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00127-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Kontari
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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38
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Saimaiti A, Zhou DD, Li J, Xiong RG, Gan RY, Huang SY, Shang A, Zhao CN, Li HY, Li HB. Dietary sources, health benefits, and risks of caffeine. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9648-9666. [PMID: 35574653 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2074362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake of caffeine has significantly increased in recent years, and beneficial and harmful effects of caffeine have been extensively studied. This paper reviews antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of caffeine as well as its protective effects on cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, cancers, and neurodegenerative and liver diseases. In addition, we summarize the side effects of long-term or excessive caffeine consumption on sleep, migraine, intraocular pressure, pregnant women, children, and adolescents. The health benefits of caffeine depend on the amount of caffeine intake and the physical condition of consumers. Moderate intake of caffeine helps to prevent and modulate several diseases. However, the long-term or over-consumption of caffeine can lead to addiction, insomnia, migraine, and other side effects. In addition, children, adolescents, pregnant women, and people who are sensitive to caffeine should be recommended to restrict/reduce their intake to avoid potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Saimaiti
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruo-Gu Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Research Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao Shang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cai-Ning Zhao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang-Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Trajectories of cognitive functioning in later life: Disparities by race/ethnicity, educational attainment, sex, and multimorbidity combinations. SSM Popul Health 2022; 18:101084. [PMID: 35402685 PMCID: PMC8987641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating multimorbidity combinations, racial/ethnic background, educational attainment, and sex associations with age-related cognitive changes is critical to clarifying the health, sociodemographic, and socioeconomic mechanisms associated with cognitive function in later life. Data from the 2011-2018 National Health and Aging Trends Study for respondents aged 65 years and older (N = 10,548, mean age = 77.5) were analyzed using linear mixed effect models. Racial/ethnic differences (mutually-exclusive groups: non-Latino White, non-Latino Black, and Latino) in cognitive trajectories and significant interactions with sex and education (<high school, high school, some college, and ≥ college degree) were evaluated. Models included sex, education, ever covered by Medicaid, coupled status, waist-height ratio, study cohort, and chronic disease category (no diseases; one disease; advanced cardiovascular multimorbidity; metabolic multimorbidity; advanced cardiovascular-metabolic multimorbidity; and neither advanced cardiovascular nor metabolic multimorbidity). In covariate-adjusted models, Black (b = -1.31, 95% CI: 1.74,-0.89) and Latino (b = -0.83, 95% CI: 1.58,-0.07) respondents had lower cognitive scores at age 65 and steeper declines with age (b = -0.08, 95% CI: -0.15,-0.01; b = -0.20, 95% CI: 0.34,-0.05, respectively) compared with White respondents. Cognitive scores were lower among respondents with advanced cardiovascular (b = -0.28, 95% CI: 0.54,-0.01) and advanced cardiovascular-metabolic (b = -0.56, 95% CI: 0.86,-0.27) multimorbidity compared with respondents with none of the chronic diseases of interest. In interaction models, protective associations by female sex and higher education were not observed among minority racial/ethnic groups. It is important to develop interventions to postpone cognitive decline among older Black and Latino adults.
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40
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Peripheral and cognitive benefits of physical exercise in a mouse model of midlife metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3260. [PMID: 35228593 PMCID: PMC8885684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite national and international efforts for the prevention of metabolic syndrome and its underlying diseases/disorders, its prevalence is still rising, especially in the middle-aged population. In this study, we explore the effect of high fat diet on the development of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged mice and to evaluate the potential benefits of voluntary physical exercise on the periphery as well as brain cognitive function, and to explore the potential mechanisms. We found that metabolic syndrome developed at middle age significantly impairs cognitive function and the impairment is associated with gene dysregulation in metabolic pathways that are largely affecting astrocytes in the brain. Eight-week voluntary wheel running at a frequency of three times a week, not only improves peripheral glucose control but also significantly improves learning and memory. The improvement of cognitive function is associated with restoration of gene expression involved in energy metabolism in the brain. Our study suggests that voluntary physical exercise is beneficial for metabolic syndrome-induced peripheral as well as cognitive dysfunction and can be recommended as therapeutic intervention for metabolic syndrome and associated diseases.
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Metabolic Syndrome, Cognitive Impairment and the Role of Diet: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020333. [PMID: 35057514 PMCID: PMC8780484 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This narrative review presents the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), along with its components, and cognition-related disorders, as well as the potential reversal role of diet against cognitive impairment by modulating MetS. Methods: An electronic research in Medline (Pubmed) and Scopus was conducted. Results: MetS and cognitive decline share common cardiometabolic pathways as MetS components can trigger cognitive impairment. On the other side, the risk factors for both MetS and cognitive impairment can be reduced by optimizing the nutritional intake. Clinical manifestations such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and increased central body adiposity are nutrition-related risk factors present during the prodromal period before cognitive impairment. The Mediterranean dietary pattern stands among the most discussed predominantly plant-based diets in relation to cardiometabolic disorders that may prevent dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and other cognition-related disorders. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that the consumption of specific dietary food groups as a part of the overall diet can improve cognitive outcomes, maybe due to their involvement in cardiometabolic paths. Conclusions: Early MetS detection may be helpful to prevent or delay cognitive decline. Moreover, this review highlights the importance of healthy nutritional habits to reverse such conditions and the urgency of early lifestyle interventions.
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42
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The microRNA-455 Null Mouse Has Memory Deficit and Increased Anxiety, Targeting Key Genes Involved in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010554. [PMID: 35008980 PMCID: PMC8745123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain to be elucidated. Recently, microRNA-455-3p has been identified as a circulating biomarker of early AD, with increased expression in post-mortem brain tissue of AD patients. MicroRNA-455-3p also directly targets and down-regulates APP, with the overexpression of miR-455-3p suppressing its toxic effects. Here, we show that miR-455-3p expression decreases with age in the brains of wild-type mice. We generated a miR-455 null mouse utilising CRISPR-Cas9 to explore its function further. Loss of miR-455 resulted in increased weight gain, potentially indicative of metabolic disturbances. Furthermore, performance on the novel object recognition task diminished significantly in miR-455 null mice (p = 0.004), indicating deficits in recognition memory. A slight increase in anxiety was also captured on the open field test. BACE1 and TAU were identified as new direct targets for miR-455-3p, with overexpression of miR-455-3p leading to a reduction in the expression of APP, BACE1 and TAU in neuroblastoma cells. In the hippocampus of miR-455 null mice at 14 months of age, the levels of protein for APP, BACE1 and TAU were all increased. Such findings reinforce the involvement of miR-455 in AD progression and demonstrate its action on cognitive performance.
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43
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Gauci S, Young LM, Arnoldy L, Scholey A, White DJ, Lassemillante AC, Meyer D, Pipingas A. The Association Between Diet and Cardio-Metabolic Risk on Cognitive Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study of Middle-Aged Australian Adults. Front Nutr 2022; 9:862475. [PMID: 35571882 PMCID: PMC9096908 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.862475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherence to different dietary patterns has been linked to the development of cognitive decline; yet little is known about whether this relationship is present in middle age. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between different dietary patterns, cognitive performance, and potential cardio-metabolic mechanisms for this relationship. Participants were recruited using a diet screening tool to ensure that the cohort had a range of diet quality ranging from relatively poor to relatively healthy. In a sample of 141 middle-aged adults (age: M = 52.84 years, SD = 6.87 years), multiple 24 h diet recalls were collected and used to score adherence to the Mediterranean diet, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, and Mediterranean-DASH diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet. Metabolic risk was assessed using the metabolic syndrome severity score (MetSSS) and arterial stiffness. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Swinburne University Computerized Cognitive Assessment Battery (SUCCAB). Adherence to the MIND diet was significantly related to Stroop Processing domain (β = 0.19, p = 0.035). None of the dietary patterns were significantly related to MetSSS or arterial stiffness. However, adherence to the DASH diet was significantly associated with two cardio-metabolic measures including lower augmentation index (β = -0.17, p = 0.032) and lowered cholesterol (β = -0.18, p = 0.041). Interestingly, two cardio-metabolic risk factors were also associated with better cognitive performance: MetSSS (β = 0.21, p = 0.010) and waist circumference (β = 0.22, p = 0.020). Together these findings suggest that diet in middle age may be important for cognitive functioning and cardio-metabolic risk. However, more research is needed in the form of randomized controlled trials to confirm the direction of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gauci
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren M Young
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Food and Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Lizanne Arnoldy
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J White
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Annie-Claude Lassemillante
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Health Professions, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Department of Health Science and Biostatistics, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre of Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Lin YH, Chiou JM, Chen TF, Lai LC, Chen JH, Chen YC. The association between metabolic syndrome and successful aging- using an extended definition of successful aging. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260550. [PMID: 34847175 PMCID: PMC8631634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and successful aging among community-dwelling older adults. Methods Adults aged ≥ 65 years who participated in the senior health checkup program at National Taiwan University Hospital during 2011–2013 were recruited (N = 467 at baseline). The participants were followed after 4 years and 6 years. MetS was assessed at baseline. Successful aging was evaluated at baseline, 4-year follow-up, and 6-year follow-up. We adopted an extended definition of successful aging, which was defined as three major domains: physiological, psychological, and sociological and economic domains. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the association between MetS and successful aging adjusting for time (follow-up years), age, sex, years of education, alcohol consumption and MetS×time interaction term. Results The mean age of the study population was 72.9 (SD 5.5) years. The absence of baseline MetS had a positive effect on the probability of successful aging over six years. The absences of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and hypertension were associated with the physiological successful aging. The absence of hypertension was the most significant predictor of physiological successful aging [aOR (95% CI) = 2.76 (1.67–4.58), p<0.001]. Significant increased trend was found in the overall and physiological successful aging across MetS status (No MetS, pre MetS, MetS; Ptrend <0.001). Conclusions We found that MetS is a risk factor of successful aging among community-dwelling older adults. Public health policy should aim at avoidance of MetS in order to facilitate successful aging in older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Min Chiou
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chuan Lai
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hau Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JHC); (YCC)
| | - Yen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JHC); (YCC)
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45
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Siervo M, Shannon OM, Llewellyn DJ, Stephan BC, Fontana L. Mediterranean diet and cognitive function: From methodology to mechanisms of action. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:105-117. [PMID: 34562607 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), rich in minimally processed plant foods and fish, has been widely recognized to be one of the healthiest diets. Data from multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated its powerful effect against oxidative stress, inflammation and the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic conditions that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The protecting effects of the MedDiet against cognitive decline have been investigated in several observational and experimental studies. Data from observational studies suggest that the MedDiet may represent an effective dietary strategy for the early prevention of dementia, although these findings require further substantiation in clinical trials which have so far produced inconclusive results. Moreover, as we discuss in this review, accumulating data emphasizes the importance of: 1) maintaining an optimal nutritional and metabolic status for the promotion of healthy cognitive aging, and 2) implementing cognition-sparing dietary and lifestyle interventions during early time-sensitive windows before the pathological cascades turn into an irreversible state. In summary, components of the MedDiet pattern, such as essential fatty acids, polyphenols and vitamins, have been associated with reduced oxidative stress and the current evidence from observational studies seems to assign to the MedDiet a beneficial role in promoting brain health; however, results from clinical trials have been inconsistent. While we advocate for longitudinal analyses and for larger and longer clinical trials to be conducted, we assert our interim support to the use of the MedDiet as a protective dietary intervention for cognitive function based on its proven cardiovascular and metabolic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - David J Llewellyn
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK; Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Blossom Cm Stephan
- Institute of Mental Health, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy
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46
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Yoo H, Kim H, Koh I, Lee K, Ok J. Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on the Incidence of Dementia Based on National Insurance Data in Korea. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 20:29-35. [PMID: 34756135 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the incidence of dementia using big data from national health claims and health examinations. Methods: This study involved 3,619,388 subjects categorized with MetS of three status based on the results of health examinations conducted in 2009. This was a longitudinal study of the incidence of dementia based on the national health claims from the date of health examinations in 2009 until December 31, 2018. This study was conducted for men and women aged 50 to 69 years living in Korea. A Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to analyze the risk of dementia according to the status of MetS. Results: The cumulative incidence of Alzheimer dementia was 0.41% in the non-Mets group, 0.54% in the pre-MetS group, and 0.67% in the MetS group. The cumulative incidence of vascular dementia was 0.19% in the non-Mets group, 0.27% in the pre-MetS group, and 0.34% in the MetS group. The risk of Alzheimer dementia in the pre-MetS group compared to the non-Mets group was 1.20-fold greater (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.14-1.26) and was 1.39-fold (95% CI: 1.31-1.48) greater in the MetS group. The risk of vascular dementia in the pre-MetS group compared to the non-Mets group was 1.30-fold greater (95% CI: 1.21-1.40) and the risk of vascular dementia was 1.53-fold (95% CI: 1.44 1.71) greater. Conclusions: This study showed that pre-MetS and MetS were related to an increased incidence of Alzheimer dementia and vascular dementia. Also, these results support efforts to decrease the incidence of Alzheimer dementia and vascular dementia through managing the Mets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwon Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeongsu Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Imseok Koh
- Department of Neurology, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kunsei Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - JongSun Ok
- Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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Beydoun MA, Noren Hooten N, Maldonado AI, Beydoun HA, Weiss J, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. BMI and Allostatic Load Are Directly Associated with Longitudinal Increase in Plasma Neurofilament Light among Urban Middle-Aged Adults. J Nutr 2021; 152:535-549. [PMID: 34718678 PMCID: PMC8826916 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a novel biomarker for age-related neurodegenerative disease. We tested whether NfL may be linked to cardiometabolic risk factors, including BMI, the allostatic load (AL) total score (ALtotal), and related AL continuous components (ALcomp). We also tested whether these relations may differ by sex or by race. METHODS We used data from the HANDLS (Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span) study [n = 608, age at visit 1 (v1: 2004-2009): 30-66 y, 42% male, 58% African American] to investigate associations of initial cardiometabolic risk factors and time-dependent plasma NfL concentrations over 3 visits (2004-2017; mean ± SD follow-up time: 7.72 ± 1.28 y), with outcomes being NfLv1 and annualized change in NfL (δNfL). We used mixed-effects linear regression and structural equations modeling (SM). RESULTS BMI was associated with lower initial (γ01 = -0.014 ± 0.002, P < 0.001) but faster increase in plasma NfL over time (γ11 = +0.0012 ± 0.0003, P < 0.001), a pattern replicated for ALtotal. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), serum total cholesterol, and resting heart rate at v1 were linked with faster plasma NfL increase over time, overall, while being uncorrelated with NfLv1 (e.g., hsCRP × Time, full model: γ11 = +0.004 ± 0.002, P = 0.015). In SM analyses, BMI's association with δNfL was significantly mediated through ALtotal among women [total effect (TE) = +0.0014 ± 0.00038, P < 0.001; indirect effect = +0.00042 ± 0.00019, P = 0.025; mediation proportion = 30%], with only a direct effect (DE) detected among African American adults (TE = +0.0011 ± 0.0004, P = 0.015; DE = +0.0010 ± 0.00048, P = 0.034). The positive associations between ALtotal/BMI and δNfL were mediated through increased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations, overall. CONCLUSIONS Cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly elevated HbA1c, should be screened and targeted for neurodegenerative disease, pending comparable longitudinal studies. Other studies examining the clinical utility of plasma NfL as a neurodegeneration marker should account for confounding effects of BMI and AL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging/NIH/Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana I Maldonado
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD, USA
| | - Hind A Beydoun
- Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging/NIH/Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging/NIH/Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA
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48
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors that are related to several adverse health outcomes, including poor cognitive function. This review seeks to summarize and critically review select recent findings on the association between MetS and cognition. RECENT FINDINGS MetS was associated with lower domain-specific and global cognitive function in most cross-sectional studies, but findings from longitudinal studies are not consistent. The associations varied depending on age, sex, cognitive test, genetic susceptibility, and the duration of follow-up in prospective studies. MetS was associated with a higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and progression from MCI to dementia, particularly vascular dementia. Among MetS components, high blood pressure, high waist circumference, and hyperglycemia were the strongest predictors of cognitive function. MetS is associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment. Research is needed on how preventing or treating MetS affects cognition.
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49
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Miao W, Jiang L, Xu F, Lyu J, Jiang X, He M, Liu Y, Yang T, Leak RK, Stetler RA, Chen J, Hu X. Adiponectin ameliorates hypoperfusive cognitive deficits by boosting a neuroprotective microglial response. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102125. [PMID: 34333040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia caused by chronic vascular hypoperfusion. Adiponectin, one of the cytokines produced by adipocytes (adipocytokine), plays a role in CNS pathologies, but its specific function in VaD is unknown. Here, transcriptomic analyses on human brain tissues showed downregulation of adipocytokine/PPAR signaling in VaD patients, with prominent upregulation of pro-inflammatory responses. Using the murine asymmetric common carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) model, we discovered that the adiponectin/PPARγ axis is essential in reducing chronic hypoperfusion-induced cognitive deficits via modulation of microglial function. Adiponectin levels in the plasma increased early after VaD induction, but decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid in the late phase of VaD. Adiponectin deficiency worsened hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits, exacerbated neuroinflammation and microglia/macrophage activation, and amplified neuronal loss, but these behavioral and histological outcomes were rescued by adipoRon, a small molecule agonist of the adiponectin receptors. AdipoRon boosted PPARγ expression and inhibited pro-inflammatory microglial responses in vitro, thereby protecting ischemic neurons in primary microglia-neuron cocultures. Microglia/macrophage-specific knockout of PPARγ abolished the neuroprotective effects of adipoRon. Collectively, these data confirm the importance of adiponectin/PPARγ signaling in maintaining cognitive functions in chronic hypoperfusion-induced dementia, and thus provide novel therapeutic targets for VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Miao
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Fei Xu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Junxuan Lyu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Maxine He
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yaan Liu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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50
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Dalkner N, Bengesser SA, Birner A, Fellendorf FT, Fleischmann E, Großschädl K, Lenger M, Maget A, Platzer M, Queissner R, Schönthaler E, Tmava-Berisha A, Reininghaus EZ. Metabolic Syndrome Impairs Executive Function in Bipolar Disorder. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:717824. [PMID: 34456679 PMCID: PMC8385126 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.717824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is more prevalent in individuals with bipolar disorder and has a negative impact on cognition, in particular on executive function, which is already impaired in individuals with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we compared 148 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and 117 healthy controls in cognitive function depending on the diagnosis of MetS. A neuropsychological test battery was used including the Trail Making Test A/B, Stroop Color and Word Interference Test, the d2 Test of Attention Revised, and the California Verbal Learning Test. In addition, MetS variables as well as the defining variables waist circumference, serum triglyceride levels, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, and body mass index were compared between patients and controls. In addition, illness-related variables were associated with MetS in individuals with bipolar disorder. Results: The prevalence of MetS in patients with bipolar disorder was higher than in controls (30.4 vs. 15.4%). Patients with bipolar disorder with MetS had impaired executive function compared to patients without MetS or healthy controls with and without MetS (p = 0.020). No MetS effects or interaction MetS × Group was found in attention/processing speed (p = 0.883) and verbal learning/memory (p = 0.373). Clinical variables (illness duration, suicidality, number of affective episodes, medication, age of onset, and history of psychosis) did not relate to MetS in bipolar disorder (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Bipolar disorder comorbid with MetS bears additional risk for impaired executive function. Executive function includes action planning, inhibition, and impulse control and could play a critical role in keeping long-term goals in mind associated with gaining and maintaining a healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne A Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Fleischmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katja Großschädl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Maget
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elena Schönthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Adelina Tmava-Berisha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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