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Maranzano A, Verde F, Dubini A, Torre S, Colombo E, Doretti A, Gentile F, Manini A, Milone I, Brusati A, Peverelli S, Santangelo S, Spinelli EG, Torresani E, Gentilini D, Messina S, Morelli C, Poletti B, Agosta F, Ratti A, Filippi M, Silani V, Ticozzi N. Association of APOE genotype and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ and tau biomarkers with cognitive and motor phenotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16374. [PMID: 38853763 PMCID: PMC11295165 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-nonspecific cognitive deficits - most notably memory disturbance - and their biological underpinnings. We investigated the associations of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic risk factor APOE and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers Aβ and tau proteins with cognitive and motor phenotype in ALS. METHODS APOE haplotype was determined in 281 ALS patients; for 105 of these, CSF levels of Aβ42, Aβ40, total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau (P-tau181) were quantified by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA). The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) was employed to evaluate the neuropsychological phenotype. RESULTS APOE-E4 allele was associated with worse ECAS memory score (median, 14.0 in carriers vs. 16.0 in non-carriers) and lower CSF Aβ42 (-0.8 vs. 0.1, log-transformed values) and Aβ42/40 ratio (-0.1 vs. 0.3). Some 37.1% of ALS patients showed low Aβ42 levels, possibly reflecting cerebral Aβ deposition. While lower Aβ42/40 correlated with lower memory score (β = 0.20), Aβ42 positively correlated with both ALS-specific (β = 0.24) and ALS-nonspecific (β = 0.24) scores. Although Aβ42/40 negatively correlated with T-tau (β = -0.29) and P-tau181 (β = -0.33), we found an unexpected positive association of Aβ42 and Aβ40 with both tau proteins. Regarding motor phenotype, lower levels of Aβ species were associated with lower motor neuron (LMN) signs (Aβ40: β = 0.34; Aβ42: β = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS APOE haplotype and CSF Aβ biomarkers are associated with cognitive deficits in ALS and particularly with memory impairment. This might partly reflect AD-like pathophysiological processes, but additional ALS-specific mechanisms could be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Maranzano
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, ‘Dino Ferrari’ CenterUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Antonella Dubini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and MicrobiologyIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Silvia Torre
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Eleonora Colombo
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Alberto Doretti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Francesco Gentile
- Division of Genetics and Cell BiologyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Arianna Manini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, ‘Dino Ferrari’ CenterUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Ilaria Milone
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Alberto Brusati
- Department of Brain and Behavioural SciencesUniversità degli Studi di PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Silvia Peverelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Serena Santangelo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular MedicineUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Edoardo Gioele Spinelli
- Neurology Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Erminio Torresani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and MicrobiologyIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Department of Brain and Behavioural SciencesUniversità degli Studi di PaviaPaviaItaly
- Bioinformatics and Statistical Genomics UnitIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Stefano Messina
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Claudia Morelli
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
| | - Barbara Poletti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
- Department of Oncology and Hemato‐OncologyUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neurology Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Molecular MedicineUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neurology Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Neurophysiology Service, Division of NeuroscienceIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, ‘Dino Ferrari’ CenterUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of NeuroscienceIRCCS Istituto Auxologico ItalianoMilanItaly
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, ‘Dino Ferrari’ CenterUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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2
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Manzoni C, Kia DA, Ferrari R, Leonenko G, Costa B, Saba V, Jabbari E, Tan MM, Albani D, Alvarez V, Alvarez I, Andreassen OA, Angiolillo A, Arighi A, Baker M, Benussi L, Bessi V, Binetti G, Blackburn DJ, Boada M, Boeve BF, Borrego-Ecija S, Borroni B, Bråthen G, Brooks WS, Bruni AC, Caroppo P, Bandres-Ciga S, Clarimon J, Colao R, Cruchaga C, Danek A, de Boer SC, de Rojas I, di Costanzo A, Dickson DW, Diehl-Schmid J, Dobson-Stone C, Dols-Icardo O, Donizetti A, Dopper E, Durante E, Ferrari C, Forloni G, Frangipane F, Fratiglioni L, Kramberger MG, Galimberti D, Gallucci M, García-González P, Ghidoni R, Giaccone G, Graff C, Graff-Radford NR, Grafman J, Halliday GM, Hernandez DG, Hjermind LE, Hodges JR, Holloway G, Huey ED, Illán-Gala I, Josephs KA, Knopman DS, Kristiansen M, Kwok JB, Leber I, Leonard HL, Libri I, Lleo A, Mackenzie IR, Madhan GK, Maletta R, Marquié M, Maver A, Menendez-Gonzalez M, Milan G, Miller BL, Morris CM, Morris HR, Nacmias B, Newton J, Nielsen JE, Nilsson C, Novelli V, Padovani A, Pal S, Pasquier F, Pastor P, Perneczky R, Peterlin B, Petersen RC, Piguet O, Pijnenburg YA, Puca AA, Rademakers R, Rainero I, Reus LM, Richardson AM, Riemenschneider M, Rogaeva E, Rogelj B, Rollinson S, Rosen H, Rossi G, Rowe JB, Rubino E, Ruiz A, Salvi E, Sanchez-Valle R, Sando SB, Santillo AF, Saxon JA, Schlachetzki JC, Scholz SW, Seelaar H, Seeley WW, Serpente M, Sorbi S, Sordon S, St George-Hyslop P, Thompson JC, Van Broeckhoven C, Van Deerlin VM, Van der Lee SJ, Van Swieten J, Tagliavini F, van der Zee J, Veronesi A, Vitale E, Waldo ML, Yokoyama JS, Nalls MA, Momeni P, Singleton AB, Hardy J, Escott-Price V. Genome-wide analyses reveal a potential role for the MAPT, MOBP, and APOE loci in sporadic frontotemporal dementia. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1316-1329. [PMID: 38889728 PMCID: PMC11267522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common cause of early-onset dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD). Efforts in the field mainly focus on familial forms of disease (fFTDs), while studies of the genetic etiology of sporadic FTD (sFTD) have been less common. In the current work, we analyzed 4,685 sFTD cases and 15,308 controls looking for common genetic determinants for sFTD. We found a cluster of variants at the MAPT (rs199443; p = 2.5 × 10-12, OR = 1.27) and APOE (rs6857; p = 1.31 × 10-12, OR = 1.27) loci and a candidate locus on chromosome 3 (rs1009966; p = 2.41 × 10-8, OR = 1.16) in the intergenic region between RPSA and MOBP, contributing to increased risk for sFTD through effects on expression and/or splicing in brain cortex of functionally relevant in-cis genes at the MAPT and RPSA-MOBP loci. The association with the MAPT (H1c clade) and RPSA-MOBP loci may suggest common genetic pleiotropy across FTD and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (MAPT and RPSA-MOBP loci) and across FTD, AD, Parkinson disease (PD), and cortico-basal degeneration (CBD) (MAPT locus). Our data also suggest population specificity of the risk signals, with MAPT and APOE loci associations mainly driven by Central/Nordic and Mediterranean Europeans, respectively. This study lays the foundations for future work aimed at further characterizing population-specific features of potential FTD-discriminant APOE haplotype(s) and the functional involvement and contribution of the MAPT H1c haplotype and RPSA-MOBP loci to pathogenesis of sporadic forms of FTD in brain cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Demis A Kia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Beatrice Costa
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Valentina Saba
- Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Edwin Jabbari
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Manuela Mx Tan
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Diego Albani
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Victoria Alvarez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Docència i Recerca MútuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonella Angiolillo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Science "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Arighi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Matt Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC-Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sergi Borrego-Ecija
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació Clínic Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Geir Bråthen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - William S Brooks
- Neuroscience Research Australia, and Randwick Clinical Campus, UNSW Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Paola Caroppo
- Unit of Neurology (V) and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosanna Colao
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre, ASPCZ, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik, LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | - Sterre Cm de Boer
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso di Costanzo
- Centre for Research and Training in Medicine of Aging, Department of Medicine and Health Science "V. Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; kbo-Inn-Salzach-Klinikum, Wasserburg, Germany
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldo Donizetti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Elise Dopper
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Durante
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Service, Local Health Authority n.2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Camilla Ferrari
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska Universtiy Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milica G Kramberger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Medical faculty, Ljubljana University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Gallucci
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Local Health Authority n.2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Pablo García-González
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Unit of Neurology (V) and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Caroline Graff
- Karolinska Institutet, Department NVS, KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden; Unit for hereditary dementia, Karolinska Universtiy Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lena E Hjermind
- Neurogenetics Clinic & Research Lab, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guy Holloway
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Edward D Huey
- Bio Med Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark Kristiansen
- UCL Genomics, London, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London, UK
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabelle Leber
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA; DZNE Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ilenia Libri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Lleo
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ian R Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Pathology, Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Gaganjit K Madhan
- UCL Genomics, London, UK; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, London, UK
| | | | - Marta Marquié
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ales Maver
- Clinical institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija
| | - Manuel Menendez-Gonzalez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Medicine Department, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Newcastle University, Edwardson Building, Nuns Moor Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Judith Newton
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Neurogenetics Clinic & Research Lab, Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christer Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Neurology, Lund University, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Suvankar Pal
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Florence Pasquier
- University of Lille, Lille, France; CHU Lille, Lille, France; Inserm, Labex DISTALZ, LiCEND, Lille, France
| | - Pau Pastor
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija
| | | | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yolande Al Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annibale A Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy; Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA; VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, A.O.UCittà della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lianne M Reus
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Mt Richardson
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Rollinson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Howard Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Unit of Neurology (V) and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - James B Rowe
- University of Cambridge Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Department of Neuroscience, "Rita Levi Montalcini," University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias, Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, A.O.UCittà della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic. Ace Alzheimer Center Barcelona - Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, National Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erika Salvi
- Unit of Neuroalgologia (III), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Data science center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Service of Neurology. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació Clínic Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sigrid Botne Sando
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexander F Santillo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jennifer A Saxon
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Johannes Cm Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Serpente
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sordon
- Department of Psychiatry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer C Thompson
- Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sven J Van der Lee
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Section Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging, Department of Clinical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Van Swieten
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Unit of Neurology (V) and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Julie van der Zee
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arianna Veronesi
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Service, Local Health Authority n.2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Emilia Vitale
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy; School of Integrative Science and Technology Department of Biology Kean University, Union, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Landqvist Waldo
- Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Andrew B Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Hardy
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Lefterov I, Fitz NF, Lu Y, Koldamova R. APOEε4 and risk of Alzheimer's disease - time to move forward. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1195724. [PMID: 37274212 PMCID: PMC10235508 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1195724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inheritance of Apolipoprotein E4 (APOEε4) brings the highest genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), arguably the highest genetic risk in human pathology. Since the discovery of the association, APOE protein isoforms have been at the center of tens of thousands of studies and reports. While, without a doubt, our knowledge about the normal physiological function of APOE isoforms in the brain has increased tremendously, the questions of how the inheritance of the APOEε4 allele translates into a risk of AD, and the risk is materialized, remain unanswered. Moreover, the knowledge about the risk associated with APOEε4 has not helped design a meaningful preventative or therapeutic strategy. Animal models with targeted replacement of Apoe have been generated and, thanks to the recent NIH/NIA/Alzheimer's disease Association initiative, are now freely available to AD researchers. While helpful in many aspects, none of the available models recapitulates normal physiological transcriptional regulation of the human APOE gene cluster. Changes in epigenetic regulation of APOE alleles in animal models in response to external insults have rarely been if ever, addressed. However, these animal models provide a useful tool to handle questions and investigate protein-protein interactions with proteins expressed by other recently discovered genes and gene variants considered genetic risk factors of AD, like Triggering Receptor expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2). In this review, we discuss genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms controlling and influencing APOE expression and focus on interactions of APOE and TREM2 in the context of microglia and astrocytes' role in AD-like pathology in animal models.
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Meneses AD, Koga S, Li Z, O’Leary J, Li F, Chen K, Murakami A, Qiao W, Kurti A, Heckman MG, White L, Xie M, Chen Y, Finch NA, Lim MJ, Delenclos M, DeTure MA, Linares C, Martin NB, Ikezu TC, van Blitterswijk MM, Wu LJ, McLean PJ, Rademakers R, Ross OA, Dickson DW, Bu G, Zhao N. APOE2 Exacerbates TDP-43 Related Toxicity in the Absence of Alzheimer Pathology. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:830-843. [PMID: 36546684 PMCID: PMC10471132 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence supports a link between increased TDP-43 burden and the presence of an APOE4 gene allele in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, it is difficult to conclude the direct effect of APOE on TDP-43 pathology due to the presence of mixed AD pathologies. The goal of this study is to address how APOE isoforms impact TDP-43 pathology and related neurodegeneration in the absence of typical AD pathologies. METHODS We overexpressed human TDP-43 via viral transduction in humanized APOE2, APOE3, APOE4 mice, and murine Apoe-knockout (Apoe-KO) mice. Behavior tests were performed across ages. Animals were harvested at 11 months of age and TDP-43 overexpression-related neurodegeneration and gliosis were assessed. To further address the human relevance, we analyzed the association of APOE with TDP-43 pathology in 160 postmortem brains from autopsy-confirmed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with motor neuron disease (FTLD-MND) in the Mayo Clinic Brain Bank. RESULTS We found that TDP-43 overexpression induced motor function deficits, neuronal loss, and gliosis in the motor cortex, especially in APOE2 mice, with much milder or absent effects in APOE3, APOE4, or Apoe-KO mice. In the motor cortex of the ALS and FTLD-MND postmortem human brains, we found that the APOE2 allele was associated with more severe TDP-43-positive dystrophic neurites. INTERPRETATION Our data suggest a genotype-specific effect of APOE on TDP-43 proteinopathy and neurodegeneration in the absence of AD pathology, with the strongest association seen with APOE2. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:830-843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel D. Meneses
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Zonghua Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Justin O’Leary
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Fuyao Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Aya Murakami
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Wenhui Qiao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Aishe Kurti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Michael G. Heckman
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Launia White
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Manling Xie
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yixing Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - NiCole A. Finch
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Melina J. Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Marion Delenclos
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Michael A. DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Cynthia Linares
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Tadafumi C. Ikezu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Long-Jun Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Pamela J. McLean
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W. Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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Li X, Kaur Y, Wilhelm O, Reuter M, Montag C, Sommer W, Zhou C, Hildebrandt A. Resting-state brain signal complexity discriminates young healthy APOE e4 carriers from non-e4 carriers. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:854-866. [PMID: 36656069 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that the e4 allele of the APOE gene is associated with impaired brain functionality and cognitive decline in humans at elder age. However, it is controversial whether and how the APOE e4 allele is associated with superior brain function among young healthy individuals, thus indicates a case of antagonistic pleiotropy of APOE e4 allele. Signal complexity is a critical aspect of brain activity that has been associated with brain function. In this study, the multiscale entropy (MSE) of resting-state EEG signals among a sample of young healthy adults (N = 260) as an indicator of brain signal complexity was investigated. It was of interest whether MSE differs across APOE genotype groups while age and education level were controlled for and whether the APOE genotype effect on MSE interacts with MSE time scale, as well as EEG recording condition. Results of linear mixed models indicate overall larger MSE in APOE e4 carriers. This genotype-dependent difference is larger at high as compared with low time scales. The interaction effect between APOE genotype and recording condition indicates increased between-state MSE change in young healthy APOE e4 carriers as compared with non-carriers. Because higher complexity is commonly taken to be associated with better cognitive functioning, the present results complement previous findings and therefore point to a pleiotropic spectrum of the APOE gene polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Chinese Academy of Disability Data Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies, Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.,Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Yadwinder Kaur
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Reuter
- Centre for Economics and Neuroscience, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Montag
- Department of Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Werner Sommer
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies, Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.,Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Changsong Zhou
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies, Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Andrea Hildebrandt
- Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Nazarian A, Loika Y, He L, Culminskaya I, Kulminski AM. Genome-wide analysis identified abundant genetic modulators of contributions of the apolipoprotein E alleles to Alzheimer's disease risk. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2067-2078. [PMID: 34978151 PMCID: PMC9250541 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 and ε4 alleles have beneficial and adverse impacts on Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively, with incomplete penetrance, which may be modulated by other genetic variants. METHODS We examined whether the associations of the APOE alleles with other polymorphisms in the genome can be sensitive to AD-affection status. RESULTS We identified associations of the ε2 and ε4 alleles with 314 and 232 polymorphisms, respectively. Of them, 35 and 31 polymorphisms had significantly different effects in AD-affected and -unaffected groups, suggesting their potential involvement in the AD pathogenesis by modulating the effects of the ε2 and ε4 alleles, respectively. Our survival-type analysis of the AD risk supported modulating roles of multiple group-specific polymorphisms. Our functional analysis identified gene enrichment in multiple immune-related biological processes, for example, B cell function. DISCUSSION These findings suggest involvement of local and inter-chromosomal modulators of the effects of the APOE alleles on the AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nazarian
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yury Loika
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Liang He
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Irina Culminskaya
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexander M. Kulminski
- Biodemography of Aging Research Unit, Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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7
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Kim H, Devanand DP, Carlson S, Goldberg TE. Apolipoprotein E Genotype e2: Neuroprotection and Its Limits. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:919712. [PMID: 35912085 PMCID: PMC9329577 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.919712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we comprehensively, qualitatively, and critically synthesized several features of APOE-e2, a known APOE protective variant, including its associations with longevity, cognition, and neuroimaging, and neuropathology, all in humans. If e2’s protective effects—and their limits—could be elucidated, it could offer therapeutic windows for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prevention or amelioration. Literature examining e2 within the years 1994–2021 were considered for this review. Studies on human subjects were selectively reviewed and were excluded if observation of e2 was not specified. Effects of e2 were compared with e3 and e4, separately and as a combined non-e2 group. Our examination of existing literature indicated that the most robust protective role of e2 is in longevity and AD neuropathologies, but e2’s effect on cognition and other AD imaging markers (brain structure, function, and metabolism) were inconsistent, thus inconclusive. Notably, e2 was associated with greater risk of non-AD proteinopathies and a disadvantageous cerebrovascular profile. We identified multiple methodological shortcomings of the literature on brain function and cognition that could have contributed to inconsistent and potentially misleading findings. We make careful interpretations of existing findings and provide directions for research strategies that could effectively examine the independent and unbiased effect of e2 on AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Davangere P. Devanand
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott Carlson
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Terry E. Goldberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Terry E. Goldberg,
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8
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Reyes-Leiva D, Dols-Icardo O, Sirisi S, Cortés-Vicente E, Turon-Sans J, de Luna N, Blesa R, Belbin O, Montal V, Alcolea D, Fortea J, Lleó A, Rojas-García R, Illán-Gala I. Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Extra-Motor Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: New Insights From Biomarker Studies. Front Neurol 2022; 12:750543. [PMID: 35115992 PMCID: PMC8804092 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.750543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) lie at opposing ends of a clinical, genetic, and neuropathological continuum. In the last decade, it has become clear that cognitive and behavioral changes in patients with ALS are more frequent than previously recognized. Significantly, these non-motor features can impact the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of ALS. Partially overlapping neuropathological staging systems have been proposed to describe the distribution of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) aggregates outside the corticospinal tract. However, the relationship between TDP-43 inclusions and neurodegeneration is not absolute and other pathophysiological processes, such as neuroinflammation (with a prominent role of microglia), cortical hyperexcitability, and synaptic dysfunction also play a central role in ALS pathophysiology. In the last decade, imaging and biofluid biomarker studies have revealed important insights into the pathophysiological underpinnings of extra-motor neurodegeneration in the ALS-FTLD continuum. In this review, we first summarize the clinical and pathophysiological correlates of extra-motor neurodegeneration in ALS. Next, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic value of biomarkers in ALS and their potential to characterize extra-motor neurodegeneration. Finally, we debate about how biomarkers could improve the diagnosis and classification of ALS. Emerging imaging biomarkers of extra-motor neurodegeneration that enable the monitoring of disease progression are particularly promising. In addition, a growing arsenal of biofluid biomarkers linked to neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are improving the diagnostic accuracy and identification of patients with a faster progression rate. The development and validation of biomarkers that detect the pathological aggregates of TDP-43 in vivo are notably expected to further elucidate the pathophysiological underpinnings of extra-motor neurodegeneration in ALS. Novel biomarkers tracking the different aspects of ALS pathophysiology are paving the way to precision medicine approaches in the ALS-FTLD continuum. These are essential steps to improve the diagnosis and staging of ALS and the design of clinical trials testing novel disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reyes-Leiva
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Sirisi
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cortés-Vicente
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Janina Turon-Sans
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemi de Luna
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Montal
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Alcolea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Rojas-García
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ignacio Illán-Gala
- Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ignacio Illán-Gala
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Hartnell IJ, Blum D, Nicoll JAR, Dorothee G, Boche D. Glial cells and adaptive immunity in frontotemporal dementia with tau pathology. Brain 2021; 144:724-745. [PMID: 33527991 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the aetiology of many neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and motor neuron disease. Whether neuroinflammation also plays an important role in the pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia is less well known. Frontotemporal dementia is a heterogeneous classification that covers many subtypes, with the main pathology known as frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The disease can be categorized with respect to the identity of the protein that causes the frontotemporal lobar degeneration in the brain. The most common subgroup describes diseases caused by frontotemporal lobar degeneration associated with tau aggregation, also known as primary tauopathies. Evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may play a role in primary tauopathies with genome-wide association studies finding enrichment of genetic variants associated with specific inflammation-related gene loci. These loci are related to both the innate immune system, including brain resident microglia, and the adaptive immune system through possible peripheral T-cell involvement. This review discusses the genetic evidence and relates it to findings in animal models expressing pathogenic tau as well as to post-mortem and PET studies in human disease. Across experimental paradigms, there seems to be a consensus regarding the involvement of innate immunity in primary tauopathies, with increased microglia and astrocyte density and/or activation, as well as increases in pro-inflammatory markers. Whilst it is less clear as to whether inflammation precedes tau aggregation or vice versa; there is strong evidence to support a microglial contribution to the propagation of hyperphosphorylated in tau frontotemporal lobar degeneration associated with tau aggregation. Experimental evidence-albeit limited-also corroborates genetic data pointing to the involvement of cellular adaptive immunity in primary tauopathies. However, it is still unclear whether brain recruitment of peripheral immune cells is an aberrant result of pathological changes or a physiological aspect of the neuroinflammatory response to the tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain J Hartnell
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, UMR-S 1172-Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille, France.,Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, France
| | - James A R Nicoll
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Guillaume Dorothee
- Inserm, Sorbonne University, UMRS 938 Saint-Antoine Research Center, Immune System and Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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10
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Borrego‐Écija S, Turon‐Sans J, Ximelis T, Aldecoa I, Molina‐Porcel L, Povedano M, Rubio MA, Gámez J, Cano A, Paré‐Curell M, Bajo L, Sotoca J, Clarimón J, Balasa M, Antonell A, Lladó A, Sánchez‐Valle R, Rojas‐García R, Gelpi E. Cognitive decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Neuropathological substrate and genetic determinants. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12942. [PMID: 33576076 PMCID: PMC8412113 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment and behavioral changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are now recognized as part of the disease. Whether it is solely related to the extent of TDP-43 pathology is currently unclear. We aim to evaluate the influence of age, genetics, neuropathological features, and concomitant pathologies on cognitive impairment in ALS patients. We analyzed a postmortem series of 104 ALS patients and retrospectively reviewed clinical and neuropathological data. We assessed the burden and extent of concomitant pathologies, the role of APOE ε4 and mutations, and correlated these findings with cognitive status. We performed a logistic regression model to identify which pathologies are related to cognitive impairment. Cognitive decline was recorded in 38.5% of the subjects. Neuropathological features of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) were found in 32.7%, explaining most, but not all, cases with cognitive impairment. Extent of TDP-43 pathology and the presence of hippocampal sclerosis were associated with cognitive impairment. Mutation carriers presented a higher burden of TDP-43 pathology and FTLD more frequently than sporadic cases. Most cases (89.4%) presented some degree of concomitant pathologies. The presence of concomitant pathologies was associated with older age at death. FTLD, but also Alzheimer's disease, were the predominant underlying pathologies explaining the cognitive impairment in ALS patients. In sum, FTLD explained the presence of cognitive decline in most but not all ALS cases, while other non-FTLD related findings can influence the cognitive status, particularly in older age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Borrego‐Écija
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders UnitNeurology DepartmentHospital ClínicInstitut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i SunyerUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Janina Turon‐Sans
- Neurology departmentResearch Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Teresa Ximelis
- Neurological Tissue BankBiobanc‐Hospital Clínic‐IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Neurological Tissue BankBiobanc‐Hospital Clínic‐IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
- Pathology DepartmentCDB, Hospital Clinic BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Molina‐Porcel
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders UnitNeurology DepartmentHospital ClínicInstitut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i SunyerUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Neurological Tissue BankBiobanc‐Hospital Clínic‐IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Service of NeurologyMotor Neuron UnitIDIBELLBellvitge University HospitalHospitalet de LlobregatSpain
| | | | - Josep Gámez
- ALS UnitNeurology DepartmentVall d’Hebrón University HospitalVall d’Hebrón Research Institute (VHIR)
- European Reference Network on Rare Neuromuscular Diseases (ERN EURO‐NMD)Department of MedicineUABBarcelonaSpain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Neurology DepartmentHospital de MataróMataróSpain
| | | | - Lorena Bajo
- Servei de GeriatriaFundació Hospital de la Santa CreuHospital Universitari de la Santa Creu de VicVicSpain
| | - Javier Sotoca
- Neurology DepartmentHospital Mutua de TerrassaTerrassaSpain
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Neurology departmentResearch Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Mircea Balasa
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders UnitNeurology DepartmentHospital ClínicInstitut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i SunyerUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Anna Antonell
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders UnitNeurology DepartmentHospital ClínicInstitut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i SunyerUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Albert Lladó
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders UnitNeurology DepartmentHospital ClínicInstitut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i SunyerUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Raquel Sánchez‐Valle
- Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders UnitNeurology DepartmentHospital ClínicInstitut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i SunyerUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Neurological Tissue BankBiobanc‐Hospital Clínic‐IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ricard Rojas‐García
- Neurology departmentResearch Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue BankBiobanc‐Hospital Clínic‐IDIBAPSBarcelonaSpain
- Division of Neuropathology and NeurochemistryDepartment of NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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11
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Li Z, Shue F, Zhao N, Shinohara M, Bu G. APOE2: protective mechanism and therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:63. [PMID: 33148290 PMCID: PMC7640652 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, the major genetic risk modifier for Alzheimer's disease (AD), have yielded significant insights into the pathogenic mechanism. Among the three common coding variants, APOE*ε4 increases, whereas APOE*ε2 decreases the risk of late-onset AD compared with APOE*ε3. Despite increased understanding of the detrimental effect of APOE*ε4, it remains unclear how APOE*ε2 confers protection against AD. Accumulating evidence suggests that APOE*ε2 protects against AD through both amyloid-β (Aβ)-dependent and independent mechanisms. In addition, APOE*ε2 has been identified as a longevity gene, suggesting a systemic effect of APOE*ε2 on the aging process. However, APOE*ε2 is not entirely benign; APOE*ε2 carriers exhibit increased risk of certain cerebrovascular diseases and neurological disorders. Here, we review evidence from both human and animal studies demonstrating the protective effect of APOE*ε2 against AD and propose a working model depicting potential underlying mechanisms. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies designed to leverage the protective effect of APOE2 to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonghua Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Francis Shue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mitsuru Shinohara
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430 Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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12
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Goldberg TE, Huey ED, Devanand DP. Association of APOE e2 genotype with Alzheimer's and non-Alzheimer's neurodegenerative pathologies. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4727. [PMID: 32948752 PMCID: PMC7501268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene contains both the major common risk variant for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), e4, and the major neuroprotective variant, e2. Here we examine the association of APOE e2 with multiple neurodegenerative pathologies, leveraging the NACC v. 10 database of 1557 brains that included 130 e2 carriers and 679 e4 carriers in order to examine potential neuroprotective effects. For AD-related pathologies of amyloid plaques and Braak stage, e2 had large and highly significant protective effects contrasted with e3/e3 and e4 carriers with odds ratios of about 0.50 for e3 contrasts and 0.10 for e4 contrasts. When we separately examined e2/e4 carriers, risk for AD pathologies was similar to that of e4 carriers, not e2 carriers. For multiple fronto-temporal lobar pathologies and tauopathies, e2 was not significantly associated with pathology. In sum, we found that e2 was associated with large but circumscribed protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry E Goldberg
- Psychiatry and Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 126, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Edward D Huey
- Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 126, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - D P Devanand
- Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 126, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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13
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Abdolmohammadi B, Dupre A, Evers L, Mez J. Genetics of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. Semin Neurol 2020; 40:420-429. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) garners substantial attention in the media and there have been marked scientific advances in the last few years, much remains unclear about the role of genetic risk in CTE. Two athletes with comparable contact-sport exposure may have varying amounts of CTE neuropathology, suggesting that other factors, including genetics, may contribute to CTE risk and severity. In this review, we explore reasons why genetics may be important for CTE, concepts in genetic study design for CTE (including choosing controls, endophenotypes, gene by environment interaction, and epigenetics), implicated genes in CTE (including APOE, MAPT, and TMEM106B), and whether predictive genetic testing for CTE should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobak Abdolmohammadi
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Alicia Dupre
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Laney Evers
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Boston University Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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14
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Sexually dimorphic DNA-methylation in cardiometabolic health: A systematic review. Maturitas 2020; 135:6-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Belloy ME, Napolioni V, Greicius MD. A Quarter Century of APOE and Alzheimer's Disease: Progress to Date and the Path Forward. Neuron 2019; 101:820-838. [PMID: 30844401 PMCID: PMC6407643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a polygenic disorder. This view is clouded, however, by lingering uncertainty over how to treat the quasi "monogenic" role of apolipoprotein E (APOE). The APOE4 allele is not only the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, it also affects risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and other neurodegenerative disorders. This review, based mostly on data from human studies, ranges across a variety of APOE-related pathologies, touching on evolutionary genetics and risk mitigation by ethnicity and sex. The authors also address one of the most fundamental question pertaining to APOE4 and AD: does APOE4 increase AD risk via a loss or gain of function? The answer will be of the utmost importance in guiding future research in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël E Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, FIND Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, FIND Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, FIND Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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16
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Canosa A, Pagani M, Brunetti M, Barberis M, Iazzolino B, Ilardi A, Cammarosano S, Manera U, Moglia C, Calvo A, Cistaro A, Chiò A. Correlation between Apolipoprotein E genotype and brain metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2018; 26:306-312. [PMID: 30240096 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the metabolic correlates of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to investigate the role of ε2 as a risk factor for cognitive impairment. METHODS A total of 159 ALS cases underwent APOE and ALS-related genes analysis, neuropsychological assessment and cerebral 18 F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography. The APOE genotype was regressed against whole brain metabolism as assessed by 18 F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography, with age, sex, education, type of onset and C9orf72 status as covariates. RESULTS Brain metabolism was significantly positively correlated with APOE genotype from ε2/ε2 to ε3/ε4 in the left prefrontal [Brodmann area (BA) 10], orbitofrontal (BAs 11, 45, 47) and anterior cingulate (BA 32) cortices. There was a tendency to a relative hypometabolism going towards the ε2/ε2 extreme. CONCLUSIONS We found a highly significant, relatively lower metabolism in association with the ε2 allele in extra-motor areas typically affected in frontotemporal dementia (left prefrontal, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices), strengthening the finding of a role of ε2 as a risk factor for cognitive impairment in ALS. Our data suggested a link between cholesterol homeostasis and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Canosa
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin
| | - M Pagani
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Brunetti
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin
| | - M Barberis
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin
| | - B Iazzolino
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin
| | - A Ilardi
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin
| | - S Cammarosano
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin
| | - U Manera
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin
| | - C Moglia
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin
| | - A Calvo
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin.,Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin
| | - A Cistaro
- PET Centre AFFIDEA IRMET, Turin, Italy
| | - A Chiò
- ALS Centre, 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin.,Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin.,Neuroscience Institute of Turin (NIT), Turin
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17
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Salvagno GL, Pavan C, Lippi G. Rare thrombophilic conditions. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:342. [PMID: 30306081 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thrombophilia, either acquired or inherited, can be defined as a predisposition to developing thromboembolic complications. Since the discovery of antithrombin deficiency in the 1965, many other conditions have been described so far, which have then allowed to currently detect an inherited or acquired predisposition in approximately 60-70% of patients with thromboembolic disorders. These prothrombotic risk factors mainly include qualitative or quantitative defects of endogenous coagulation factor inhibitors, increased concentration or function of clotting proteins, defects in the fibrinolytic system, impaired platelet function, and hyperhomocysteinemia. In this review article, we aim to provide an overview on epidemiologic, clinic and laboratory aspects of both acquired and inherited rare thrombophilic risk factors, especially including dysfibrinogenemia, heparin cofactor II, thrombomodulin, lipoprotein(a), sticky platelet syndrome, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 apolipoprotein E, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Pavan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Mater Salutis Hospital, Legnago, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippi
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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18
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Updated meta-analysis of the role of APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43721-43732. [PMID: 28487499 PMCID: PMC5546436 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed an updated meta-analysis to assess the role of the ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles of Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). The relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE and Web of Science databases, and 51 eligible case-control studies with 5123 cases and 20566 controls were selected after screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our analysis demonstrated that APOE ε4 was associated with increased FTLD risk in all genetic models (ε4 vs. ε3 allele, ε4 vs. ε2 allele, ε4 vs. ε2+ε3+ε4 allele, ε4 vs. ε2+ε3+ε4 carrier, ε4ε4 vs. ε3ε3, ε3ε4 vs. ε3ε3, ε3ε4+ε4ε4 vs. ε3ε3, ε4ε4 vs. ε3ε3+ε3ε4, all P < 0.01, odds ratio [OR] > 1). Subgroup analysis revealed significant association between APOE ε4 and FTLD (P < 0.01, OR > 1) for the Caucasian, Italian, population based (PB), P > 0.05 value of the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), Newcastle-Ottawa scale score > 6, and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) subgroups. However, there was no significant association between the APOE ε2 allele and FTLD (P > 0.05) in most genetic models and sub-group analyses. Begg's and Egger's tests also revealed no publication bias, and sensitivity analysis showed that our data analysis was robust. Thus our meta-analyses suggest that APOE ε4 is a genetic risk factor in patients with FTLD.
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19
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Skillbäck T, Lautner R, Mattsson N, Schott JM, Skoog I, Nägga K, Kilander L, Wimo A, Winblad B, Eriksdotter M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Apolipoprotein E genotypes and longevity across dementia disorders. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:895-901. [PMID: 29548722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is a prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its implication in other dementias is less well studied. METHODS We used a data set on 2858 subjects (1098 AD, 260 vascular dementia [VaD], 145 mixed AD and VaD, 90 other dementia diagnoses, and 1265 controls) to examine the association of APOE polymorphisms with clinical dementia diagnoses, biomarker profiles, and longevity. RESULTS The ε4 allele was associated with reduced longevity as ε4 versus ε3 homozygotes lived on average 2.6 years shorter (P = .006). In AD, ε4 carriers lived 1.0 years shorter than noncarriers (P = .028). The ε4 allele was more prevalent in AD, mixed AD and VaD, and VaD patients compared to controls, but not in other dementia disorders. DISCUSSION The APOE ε4 allele is influential in AD but might also be of importance in VaD and in mixed AD and VaD, diseases in which concomitant AD pathology is common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Skillbäck
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Ronald Lautner
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Katarina Nägga
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Wimo
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Centre for Research & Development Uppsala University/County Council of Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society (NVS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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20
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Clinical variability and onset age modifiers in an extended Belgian GRN founder family. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 67:84-94. [PMID: 29653316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported a granulin (GRN) null mutation, originating from a common founder, in multiple Belgian families with frontotemporal dementia. Here, we used data of a 10-year follow-up study to describe in detail the clinical heterogeneity observed in this extended founder pedigree. We identified 85 patients and 40 unaffected mutation carriers, belonging to 29 branches of the founder pedigree. Most patients (74.4%) were diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia, while others had a clinical diagnosis of unspecified dementia, Alzheimer's dementia or Parkinson's disease. The observed clinical heterogeneity can guide clinical diagnosis, genetic testing, and counseling of mutation carriers. Onset of initial symptomatology is highly variable, ranging from age 45 to 80 years. Analysis of known modifiers, suggested effects of GRN rs5848, microtubule-associated protein tau H1/H2, and chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 G4C2 repeat length on onset age but explained only a minor fraction of the variability. Contrary, the extended GRN founder family is a valuable source for identifying other onset age modifiers based on exome or genome sequences. These modifiers might be interesting targets for developing disease-modifying therapies.
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21
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Forero DA, López-León S, González-Giraldo Y, Dries DR, Pereira-Morales AJ, Jiménez KM, Franco-Restrepo JE. APOE gene and neuropsychiatric disorders and endophenotypes: A comprehensive review. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:126-142. [PMID: 27943569 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is one of the main candidates in neuropsychiatric genetics, with hundreds of studies carried out in order to explore the possible role of polymorphisms in the APOE gene in a large number of neurological diseases, psychiatric disorders, and related endophenotypes. In the current article, we provide a comprehensive review of the structural and functional aspects of the APOE gene and its relationship with brain disorders. Evidence from genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses shows that the APOE gene has been significantly associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. Cellular and animal models show growing evidence of the key role of APOE in mechanisms of brain plasticity and behavior. Future analyses of the APOE gene might find a possible role in other neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders and related endophenotypes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia.,PhD Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Yeimy González-Giraldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel R Dries
- Chemistry Department, Juniata College, Huntingdon, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela J Pereira-Morales
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karen M Jiménez
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan E Franco-Restrepo
- PhD Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
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22
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Mishra A, Ferrari R, Heutink P, Hardy J, Pijnenburg Y, Posthuma D. Gene-based association studies report genetic links for clinical subtypes of frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2017; 140:1437-1446. [PMID: 28387812 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies in frontotemporal dementia showed limited success in identifying associated loci. This is possibly due to small sample size, allelic heterogeneity, small effect sizes of single genetic variants, and the necessity to statistically correct for testing millions of genetic variants. To overcome these issues, we performed gene-based association studies on 3348 clinically identified frontotemporal dementia cases and 9390 controls (discovery, replication and joint-cohort analyses). We report association of APOE and TOMM40 with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, and ARHGAP35 and SERPINA1 with progressive non-fluent aphasia. Further, we found the ɛ2 and ɛ4 alleles of APOE harbouring protective and risk increasing effects, respectively, in clinical subtypes of frontotemporal dementia against neurologically normal controls. The APOE-locus association with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia indicates its potential risk-increasing role across different neurodegenerative diseases, whereas the novel genetic associations of ARHGAP35 and SERPINA1 with progressive non-fluent aphasia point towards a potential role of the stress-signalling pathway in its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Mishra
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, VU University, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Russell Square House, 9-12 Russell Square House London, WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Peter Heutink
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Russell Square House, 9-12 Russell Square House London, WC1B 5EH, UK
| | - Yolande Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, VU University, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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23
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Tang SS, Li J, Tan L, Yu JT. Genetics of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: From the Bench to the Clinic. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:1157-76. [PMID: 27104909 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease with a strong genetic component. In this review, we summarize most common mutations in MAPT, GRN, and C90RF72, as well as less common mutations in VCP, CHMP2B, TARDBP, FUS gene and so on. Several guidelines have been developed to help gene testing based on genotype-phenotype correlation, the underlying histopathological subtypes, and the neuroanatomic associations. Furthermore, we also summarize molecular pathways implicated by genes and novel targets for FTLD prevention and management in recent years.
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24
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Piskunowicz MT, Linkowska K, Gołota S, Grzybowski T, Kędziora-Kornatowska K, Borkowska A. The Association of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism With Cognitive Performance in Nondemented Polish Adults Aged 55 to 75. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2017; 87:124-140. [PMID: 28844148 DOI: 10.1177/0091415017724548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is known as a risk factor for dementia. How APOE ε polymorphism affects cognitive performance in nondemented aging subjects remains less clear. In this study, the relationship between APOE status and cognitive performance across various cognitive domains in adults aged 55 to 75 years ( n = 74) without dementia was investigated. E4 carriers ( n = 11) performed worse versus noncarriers on forward Digit Span and delayed recall of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure. General linear model analysis revealed a small but significant main effect of ε4 on Rey-Osterrieth complex figure delayed recall. Comparing ε2 carriers, ε3 homozygotes, and ε4 carriers, ε3/ε3 performed significantly better on Trail Making Test part B and derived score Trail Making Test B-A. The findings support the relation between the APOE ε polymorphism and visual memory, short-term auditory memory, visuospatial attention, and executive functions in an aging sample without dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katarzyna Linkowska
- 1 Collegium Medicum, 49604 Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Szymon Gołota
- 1 Collegium Medicum, 49604 Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzybowski
- 1 Collegium Medicum, 49604 Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika , Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Alina Borkowska
- 1 Collegium Medicum, 49604 Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika , Bydgoszcz, Poland
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25
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Rainero I, Rubino E, Michelerio A, D’Agata F, Gentile S, Pinessi L. Recent advances in the molecular genetics of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGY 2017; 32:7-16. [PMID: 28380318 PMCID: PMC5505533 DOI: 10.11138/fneur/2017.32.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The term frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) describes a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders associated with deposition of misfolded proteins in the frontal and temporal lobes. Up to 40% of FTLD patients reports a family history of neurodegeneration, and approximately 1/3 of familial cases shows an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance of the phenotype. Over the past two decades, several causative and susceptibility genes for FTLD have been discovered, supporting the notion that genetic factors are important contributors to the disease processes. Genetic variants in three genes, MAPT, GRN and C9orf72, account for about half of familial FTLD cases. In addition, rare defects in the CHMP2B, VCP, TARDBP, SQSTM1, FUS, UBQLN, OPTN, TREM2, CHCHD10 and TBK1 genes have been described. Additional genes are expected to be found in near future. The purpose of this review is to describe recent advances in the molecular genetics of the FTLD spectrum and to discuss implications for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocenzo Rainero
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Michelerio
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Federico D’Agata
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Gentile
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pinessi
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Torino, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
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26
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Ferrari R, Wang Y, Vandrovcova J, Guelfi S, Witeolar A, Karch CM, Schork AJ, Fan CC, Brewer JB, Momeni P, Schellenberg GD, Dillon WP, Sugrue LP, Hess CP, Yokoyama JS, Bonham LW, Rabinovici GD, Miller BL, Andreassen OA, Dale AM, Hardy J, Desikan RS. Genetic architecture of sporadic frontotemporal dementia and overlap with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:152-164. [PMID: 27899424 PMCID: PMC5237405 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-314411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical, pathological and genetic overlap between sporadic frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been suggested; however, the relationship between these disorders is still not well understood. Here we evaluated genetic overlap between FTD, AD and PD to assess shared pathobiology and identify novel genetic variants associated with increased risk for FTD. METHODS Summary statistics were obtained from the International FTD Genomics Consortium, International PD Genetics Consortium and International Genomics of AD Project (n>75 000 cases and controls). We used conjunction false discovery rate (FDR) to evaluate genetic pleiotropy and conditional FDR to identify novel FTD-associated SNPs. Relevant variants were further evaluated for expression quantitative loci. RESULTS We observed SNPs within the HLA, MAPT and APOE regions jointly contributing to increased risk for FTD and AD or PD. By conditioning on polymorphisms associated with PD and AD, we found 11 loci associated with increased risk for FTD. Meta-analysis across two independent FTD cohorts revealed a genome-wide signal within the APOE region (rs6857, 3'-UTR=PVRL2, p=2.21×10-12), and a suggestive signal for rs1358071 within the MAPT region (intronic=CRHR1, p=4.91×10-7) with the effect allele tagging the H1 haplotype. Pleiotropic SNPs at the HLA and MAPT loci associated with expression changes in cis-genes supporting involvement of intracellular vesicular trafficking, immune response and endo/lysosomal processes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate genetic pleiotropy in these neurodegenerative diseases and indicate that sporadic FTD is a polygenic disorder where multiple pleiotropic loci with small effects contribute to increased disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Guelfi
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aree Witeolar
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chun C Fan
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James B Brewer
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Parastoo Momeni
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William P Dillon
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leo P Sugrue
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher P Hess
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Luke W Bonham
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Rahul S Desikan
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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27
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Arati S, Sibin MK, Bhat DI, Narasingarao KVL, Chetan GK. Polymorphisms of apolipoprotein E and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: A meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2016; 9:151-8. [PMID: 27408823 PMCID: PMC4925774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is characterised by bleeding in the subarachnoid space in the brain. There are various polymorphisms in genes which are associated with this disease. We performed a systematic meta- analysis to investigate the relationship of APOE polymorphism on aSAH. A comprehensive literature search was done in the Pubmed database, Science Direct, Cochrane library and Google Scholar. The OR and 95% CI were evaluated for the gene and aSAH association using fixed and random effect models. Publication bias was assessed using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. All statistical evaluations were done using the software Review Manager 5.0 and Comprehensive Meta Analysis v2.2.023. A total of 9 studies were assessed on APOE polymorphism (1100 Cases, 2732 Control). Meta analysis results showed significant association in ε2/ ε2 versus ε3/ε3, ε2 versus ε3 genetic models and ε2 allele frequency. In subgroup analysis statistically significant association was observed in Asians in the genetic models ε2/ ε2 versus ε3/ε3, ε2/ε3 versus ε3/ε3, ε2 versus ε3 and also in ε2 allele frequency. However, in Caucasian population only ε2/ε2 versus ε3/ε3 genetic model showed significant association between APOE and risk of aSAH. In this meta-analysis study, the ε2/ε2 genotype is associated with increased risk of aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arati
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - M K Sibin
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Dhananjaya I Bhat
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - K V L Narasingarao
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - G K Chetan
- Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bangalore 560029, India
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28
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Yu CE, Foraker J. Epigenetic considerations of the APOE gene. [corrected]. Biomol Concepts 2016; 6:77-84. [PMID: 25741792 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2014-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is robustly linked with numerous physiological conditions, including healthy aging, altered cardiovascular fitness, and cognitive function. These connections have been established primarily by phenotype-genotype association studies using APOE's three common genetic variants (ε2, ε3, and ε4). These variants encode for the three apoE protein isoforms (E2, E3, and E4), which have slightly different structures and, consequently, distinct functions in lipid metabolism. However, the differential lipid binding and transferring properties of these isoforms cannot fully explain the association of APOE with such a wide range of physiological phenotypes. One potential explanation for APOE's pleiotropic roles may lie in its unique epigenetic properties. In this article, we present a brief review of the APOE gene and protein, its disease associations, and epigenetic components, with a focus on DNA methylation. We close with a discussion of the prospective epigenetic implications of APOE in disease.
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29
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Liu H, Mao P, Xie C, Xie W, Wang M, Jiang H. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and the risk of intracranial aneurysms in a Chinese population. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:14. [PMID: 26830841 PMCID: PMC4734867 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism and intracranial aneurysms has previously only been studied in Russia and Japan but not in Chinese populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between APOE polymorphism and the risk of intracranial aneurysms in a Chinese population. Methods The study population consisted of 150 intracranial aneurysms patients and 150 matched control subjects. The APOE gene polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results Patients with intracranial aneurysms had a significantly higher frequency of APOE E2/E2 genotype [odds ratio (OR) =9.51, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.19, 76.04; P = 0.03] and APOE E2/E3 genotype (OR = 1.87, 95 % CI = 1.03, 3.40; P = 0.04) than healthy controls. The APOE E4/E4 genotype frequencies (OR = 0.09, 95 % CI = 0.01, 0.74; P = 0.03) in the intracranial aneurysms group were significantly lower than those in the controls group. When stratified by the site, shape, size and the Fisher Grade of intracranial aneurysms, no statistically significant result was observed. Conclusion Our study suggested that APOE polymorphism might be associated with intracranial aneurysms in Chinese population. Additional studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, West Yanta Road No.277, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ping Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, West Yanta Road No.277, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Changhou Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, West Yanta Road No.277, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wanfu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, West Yanta Road No.277, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, West Yanta Road No.277, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, West Yanta Road No.277, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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30
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Ferrari R, Grassi M, Salvi E, Borroni B, Palluzzi F, Pepe D, D'Avila F, Padovani A, Archetti S, Rainero I, Rubino E, Pinessi L, Benussi L, Binetti G, Ghidoni R, Galimberti D, Scarpini E, Serpente M, Rossi G, Giaccone G, Tagliavini F, Nacmias B, Piaceri I, Bagnoli S, Bruni AC, Maletta RG, Bernardi L, Postiglione A, Milan G, Franceschi M, Puca AA, Novelli V, Barlassina C, Glorioso N, Manunta P, Singleton A, Cusi D, Hardy J, Momeni P. A genome-wide screening and SNPs-to-genes approach to identify novel genetic risk factors associated with frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2904.e13-26. [PMID: 26154020 PMCID: PMC4706156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most prevalent form of early onset dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed a case-control association study in an Italian FTD cohort (n = 530) followed by the novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-to-genes approach and functional annotation analysis. We identified 2 novel potential loci for FTD. Suggestive SNPs reached p-values ∼10−7 and odds ratio > 2.5 (2p16.3) and 1.5 (17q25.3). Suggestive alleles at 17q25.3 identified a disease-associated haplotype causing decreased expression of –cis genes such as RFNG and AATK involved in neuronal genesis and differentiation and axon outgrowth, respectively. We replicated this locus through the SNPs-to-genes approach. Our functional annotation analysis indicated significant enrichment for functions of the brain (neuronal genesis, differentiation, and maturation), the synapse (neurotransmission and synapse plasticity), and elements of the immune system, the latter supporting our recent international FTD–genome-wide association study. This is the largest genome-wide study in Italian FTD to date. Although our results are not conclusive, we set the basis for future replication studies and identification of susceptible molecular mechanisms involved in FTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erika Salvi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan at San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fernando Palluzzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Pepe
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Medical and Genomic Statistics Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Avila
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan at San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Innocenzo Rainero
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino and Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Rubino
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino and Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pinessi
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino and Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Neurology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serpente
- Neurology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano Italy
| | - Fabrizio Tagliavini
- Division of Neurology V and Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Piaceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amalia C Bruni
- Neurogenetic Regional Centre ASPCZ Lamezia Terme, Lamezia TErme, Italy
| | | | - Livia Bernardi
- Neurogenetic Regional Centre ASPCZ Lamezia Terme, Lamezia TErme, Italy
| | - Alfredo Postiglione
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Graziella Milan
- Geriatric Center Frullone-ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annibale A Puca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy; Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Novelli
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS Fondazione S. Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Barlassina
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan at San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Glorioso
- Hypertension and Related Disease Centre, AOU-University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Manunta
- Chair of Nephrology, Nephrology and Dialysis and Hypertension Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniele Cusi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan at San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy; Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Parastoo Momeni
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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van Blitterswijk M, Mullen B, Wojtas A, Heckman MG, Diehl NN, Baker MC, DeJesus-Hernandez M, Brown PH, Murray ME, Hsiung GYR, Stewart H, Karydas AM, Finger E, Kertesz A, Bigio EH, Weintraub S, Mesulam M, Hatanpaa KJ, White CL, Neumann M, Strong MJ, Beach TG, Wszolek ZK, Lippa C, Caselli R, Petrucelli L, Josephs KA, Parisi JE, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Mackenzie IR, Seeley WW, Grinberg LT, Miller BL, Boylan KB, Graff-Radford NR, Boeve BF, Dickson DW, Rademakers R. Genetic modifiers in carriers of repeat expansions in the C9ORF72 gene. Mol Neurodegener 2014; 9:38. [PMID: 25239657 PMCID: PMC4190282 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-9-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexanucleotide repeat expansions in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) are causative for frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and motor neuron disease (MND). Substantial phenotypic heterogeneity has been described in patients with these expansions. We set out to identify genetic modifiers of disease risk, age at onset, and survival after onset that may contribute to this clinical variability. RESULTS We examined a cohort of 330 C9ORF72 expansion carriers and 374 controls. In these individuals, we assessed variants previously implicated in FTD and/or MND; 36 variants were included in our analysis. After adjustment for multiple testing, our analysis revealed three variants significantly associated with age at onset (rs7018487 [UBAP1; p-value = 0.003], rs6052771 [PRNP; p-value = 0.003], and rs7403881 [MT-Ie; p-value = 0.003]), and six variants significantly associated with survival after onset (rs5848 [GRN; p-value = 0.001], rs7403881 [MT-Ie; p-value = 0.001], rs13268953 [ELP3; p-value = 0.003], the epsilon 4 allele [APOE; p-value = 0.004], rs12608932 [UNC13A; p-value = 0.003], and rs1800435 [ALAD; p-value = 0.003]). CONCLUSIONS Variants identified through this study were previously reported to be involved in FTD and/or MND, but we are the first to describe their effects as potential disease modifiers in the presence of a clear pathogenic mutation (i.e. C9ORF72 repeat expansion). Although validation of our findings is necessary, these variants highlight the importance of protein degradation, antioxidant defense and RNA-processing pathways, and additionally, they are promising targets for the development of therapeutic strategies and prognostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Villeneuve S, Brisson D, Marchant NL, Gaudet D. The potential applications of Apolipoprotein E in personalized medicine. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:154. [PMID: 25071563 PMCID: PMC4085650 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine uses various individual characteristics to guide medical decisions. Apolipoprotein (ApoE), the most studied polymorphism in humans, has been associated with several diseases. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the potential role of ApoE polymorphisms in personalized medicine, with a specific focus on neurodegenerative diseases, by giving an overview of its influence on disease risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This review is not a systematic inventory of the literature, but rather a summary and discussion of novel, influential and promising works in the field of ApoE research that could be valuable for personalized medicine. Empirical evidence suggests that ApoE genotype informs pre-symptomatic risk for a wide variety of diseases, is valuable for the diagnosis of type III dysbetalipoproteinemia, increases risk of dementia in neurodegenerative diseases, and is associated with a poor prognosis following acute brain damage. ApoE status appears to influence the efficacy of certain drugs, outcome of clinical trials, and might also give insight into disease prevention. Assessing ApoE genotype might therefore help to guide medical decisions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Villeneuve
- Department of Medicine, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Université de Montréal Chicoutimi, QC, Canada ; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Diane Brisson
- Department of Medicine, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Université de Montréal Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London London, UK
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Department of Medicine, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Université de Montréal Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
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Govone F, Vacca A, Rubino E, Gai A, Boschi S, Gentile S, Orsi L, Pinessi L, Rainero I. Lack of association between APOE gene polymorphisms and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2014; 15:551-6. [PMID: 24918518 DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2014.918149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the association between APOE gene polymorphisms and the risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with inconclusive results. The aim of our study was to further define the risk associated with carriage of the APOE alleles and development and clinical characteristics of ALS. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of all existing studies investigating the association between the APOE gene and ALS published up to September 2013, comprising a total of 4249 ALS patients and 10,397 controls. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were estimated using the random effect (RE) model. Results showed that the carriage of different APOE alleles had no effect on disease risk. In particular, the ϵ4 allele was not associated with a significantly increased disease risk (ϵ4 carriers vs. non-ϵ4 carriers: RE OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.91-1.53). In conclusion, our study suggests that the APOE gene does not have a significant effect in ALS aetiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Govone
- Neurology I, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin , Italy
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Zhang SQ, Zhang WY, Ye WQ, Zhang LJ, Fan F. Apolipoprotein E gene E2/E2 genotype is a genetic risk factor for vertebral fractures in humans: a large-scale study. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2014; 38:1665-9. [PMID: 24880936 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-014-2380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although many studies have been performed to evaluate whether or not apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) polymorphisms are differentially associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures, the results have been conflicting. This large-scale study was performed to investigate whether a relationship exists between APOE polymorphisms and risk of fracture. METHODS A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 3,000 patients with fractures and 3,000 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was applied to assess the APOE gene polymorphisms. RESULTS Patients with fractures had a significantly higher frequency of APOE E2/E2 genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.30, 3.14; P = 0.002] than healthy controls. When stratifying by fracture type, it was found that patients with vertebral fractures had a significantly higher frequency of APOE E2/E2 genotype (OR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.73, 4.73; P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in nonvertebral (hip or wrist or other) fractures. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that APOE E2/E2 genotype is a potential genetic risk factor for vertebral fractures in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Qi Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, NO.168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Arango Viana JC, Valencia AV, Páez AL, Montoya Gómez N, Palacio C, Arbeláez MP, Bedoya Berrío G, García Valencia J. [Prevalence of Variants in the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) Gene in a General Population of Adults from an Urban Area of Medellin (Antioquia)]. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA 2014; 43:80-86. [PMID: 26574962 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the allelic and genotype frequencies of apolipoproteine E (APOE) gene in a representative sample of the adult population of Medellin in 2010. METHODS A representative sample of the adult population of Medellin, was obtained by means of a multi-stage, stratified, conglomerate based sampling method. APOE genotyping was carried out on each of the participants. The sampling design was taken into consideration for the frequencies and association analysis. RESULTS The frequencies of the APOE alleles E2, E3 and E4 were 3.9, 92.0 and 4.1%, respectively. The frequencies of the different APOE genotypes were as follows: 2/2, 0.2%; 2/3, 6.8%; 2/4, 0.6%; 3/3, 85.0%; 3/4, 7.2%, and 4/4, 0.3%. CONCLUSIONS The allelic and genotype frequencies of APOE in an adult population of Medellin did not differ substantially from other series reported in South America. These data are important to determine the real impact of APOE on the population risk of several psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Arango Viana
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana Victoria Valencia
- Docente Investigadora, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana Lucía Páez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nilton Montoya Gómez
- Gestión de Información y Bases de Datos, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carlos Palacio
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María Patricia Arbeláez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gabriel Bedoya Berrío
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jenny García Valencia
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
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Zhu S, Wang Z, Wu X, Shu Y, Lu D. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is associated with lower extremity deep venous thrombosis: color-flow Doppler ultrasound evaluation. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:21. [PMID: 24456740 PMCID: PMC3902411 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a member of apolipoprotein family, and its gene polymorphisms seem to have some impact among patients with cardiovascular disease. However, its role in the lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential association between APOE gene polymorphisms and LEDVT. Materials and methods A hospital-based case–control study was conducted in 300 patients with LEDVT by color-flow Doppler ultrasound and 300 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was applied to assess the APOE gene polymorphisms. Results Patients with LEDVT had a significantly higher frequency of APOE E3/E4 genotype [odds ratio (OR) =1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05, 2.10; P = 0.03] than healthy controls. When stratifying by family history of LEDVT, it was found that patients with positive family history of LEDVT had a significantly higher frequency of APOE E3/E4 genotype (OR =1.68, 95% CI = 1.04, 0.95; P = 2.70). When stratifying by smoking status, presence of varicose veins, type 2 diabetes mellitus and any hormone administration before, no significant differences were found in any groups. Conclusion Our study suggested that APOE E3/E4 genotype was associated with a higher LEDVT risk. Additional studies are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - ZhiGang Wang
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Riverside Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, P, R, China.
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