1
|
Li Y, Dekhtyar S, Grande G, Kalpouzos G, Gregorio C, Laukka EJ, Qiu C. Association of cognitive reserve with transitions across cognitive states and death in older adults: A 15-year follow-up study. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38779828 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the association of cognitive reserve (CR) with transitions across cognitive states and death. METHODS This population-based cohort study included 2631 participants (age ≥60 years) who were dementia-free at baseline and regularly examined up to 15 years. Data were analyzed using the Markov multistate models. RESULTS Each 1-point increase in the composite CR score (range: -4.25 to 3.46) was significantly associated with lower risks of transition from normal cognition to cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) (multivariable-adjusted hazards ratio = 0.78; 95% confidence interval = 0.72-0.85) and death (0.85; 0.79-0.93), and from CIND to death (0.82; 0.73-0.91), but not from CIND to normal cognition or dementia. A greater composite CR score was associated with a lower risk of transition from CIND to death in people aged 60-72 but not in those aged ≥ 78 years. DISCUSSION CR contributes to cognitive health by delaying cognitive deterioration in the prodromal phase of dementia. HIGHLIGHTS We use Markov multistate model to examine the association between cognitive reserve and transitions across cognitive states and death. A great cognitive reserve contributes to cognitive health by delaying cognitive deterioration in the prodromal phase of dementia. A great cognitive reserve is associated with a lower risk of transition from cognitive impairment, no dementia to death in people at the early stage of old age, but not in those at the late stage of old age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing Li
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Serhiy Dekhtyar
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Giulia Grande
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Grégoria Kalpouzos
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Caterina Gregorio
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste TS, Italy
- MOX - Modeling and Scientific Computing Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano, Italy
| | - Erika J Laukka
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nam S, Hong I, Baek MS. Physical activity and mortality in patients with dementia: 2009-2015 National Health Insurance Sharing Service data. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301035. [PMID: 38748645 PMCID: PMC11095711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the survival rate of patients with dementia according to their level of physical activity and body mass index (BMI). A total of 5,789 patients with dementia were retrieved from the 2009-2015 National Health Insurance Sharing Service databases. Survival analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) for physical activity and BMI. The study sample primarily comprised older adults (65-84 years old, 83.81%) and female (n = 3,865, 66.76%). Participants who engaged in physical activity had a lower mortality risk (HR = 0.91, p = 0.02). Compared to the underweight group, patients with dementia who had normal weight (HR = 0.86, p = 0.01), obesity (HR = 0.85, p = 0.03) and more than severe obesity (HR = 0.72, p = 0.02) demonstrated a lower mortality risk. This study emphasizes the significance of avoiding underweight and engaging in physical activity to reducing mortality risk in patients with dementia, highlighting the necessity for effective interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Nam
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ickpyo Hong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Baek
- Department of Neurology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gavett BE, Widaman KF, McKenzie C, De Leon FS, Fletcher E, Tomaszewski Farias S, Mungas D. Self-reported mid- to late-life physical and recreational activities: Associations with late-life cognition. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:209-219. [PMID: 37721128 PMCID: PMC10922209 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical and recreational activities are behaviors that may modify risk of late-life cognitive decline. We sought to examine the role of retrospectively self-reported midlife (age 40) physical and recreational activity engagement - and self-reported change in these activities from age 40 to initial study visit - in predicting late-life cognition. METHOD Data were obtained from 898 participants in a longitudinal study of cognitive aging in demographically and cognitively diverse older adults (Age: range = 49-93 years, M = 75, SD = 7.19). Self-reported physical and recreational activity participation at age 40 and at the initial study visit were quantified using the Life Experiences Assessment Form. Change in activities was modeled using latent change scores. Cognitive outcomes were obtained annually (range = 2-17 years) using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales, which measure verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, visuospatial processing, and executive functioning. RESULTS Physical activity engagement at age 40 was strongly associated with cognitive performance in all four domains at the initial visit and with global cognitive slope. However, change in physical activities after age 40 was not associated with cognitive outcomes. In contrast, recreational activity engagement - both at age 40 and change after 40 - was predictive of cognitive intercepts and slope. CONCLUSIONS Retrospectively self-reported midlife physical and recreational activity engagement were strongly associated with late-life cognition - both level of performance and rate of future decline. However, the data suggest that maintenance of recreational activity engagement (e.g., writing, taking classes, reading) after age 40 is more strongly associated with late-life cognition than continued maintenance of physical activity levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Gavett
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Cathryn McKenzie
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Fransia S De Leon
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Makino K, Raina P, Griffith LE, Lee S, Harada K, Katayama O, Tomida K, Morikawa M, Yamaguchi R, Nishijima C, Fujii K, Misu Y, Shimada H. Lifetime Physical Activity and Late-Life Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:488-493.e3. [PMID: 38246592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regular physical activity throughout life is generally recommended to prevent dementia; however, there is little evidence regarding the association between lifetime physical activity and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which often precedes dementia. This study aimed to examine the association of lifetime physical activity and their transitions with late-life MCI. DESIGN A population-based case-control study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 2968 Japanese community-dwelling older adults aged ≥70 years without dementia. METHODS We evaluated the participants' early-, mid-, and late-life physical activity habits and categorized their transitions across life stages. Cognitive functions in late life were assessed for memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed; functional impairment in one or more cognitive domains was defined as MCI. RESULTS Regular physical activity in early life was not significantly associated with late-life MCI [odds ratio (OR), 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63-1.02], although those in mid-life (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51-0.81) and late-life (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.91) were associated with lower odds of late-life MCI. Compared with nonexercisers, participants who acquired new habits of physical activity during mid- or late-life (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55-0.91) and those who maintained physical activity throughout their life span (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.42-0.87) had lower odds of late-life MCI; those who stopped regular activity during mid- or late-life did not (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.58-1.06). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS While physical activity throughout the life span is associated with the lowest odds of MCI, starting regular physical activity, even later in life, confers a benefit and should be encouraged as a "lifelong approach" to MCI risk reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Makino
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan; McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Parminder Raina
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E Griffith
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Labarge Centre for Mobility in Aging, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kenji Harada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Osamu Katayama
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouki Tomida
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Masanori Morikawa
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nishijima
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujii
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yuka Misu
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perneczky R. Alzheimer's Disease Prevention and Treatment Based on Population-Based Approaches. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2785:15-33. [PMID: 38427185 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3774-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of effective prevention and treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia is hindered by limited knowledge of the underlying biological and environmental causes. While certain genetic factors have been associated with AD, and various lifestyle and environmental factors have been linked to dementia risk, the interactions between genes and the environment are not yet fully understood. To identify new avenues for dementia prevention, coordinated global efforts are needed to utilize existing cohorts and resources effectively and efficiently. This chapter provides an overview of current research on risk and protective factors for AD and dementia and discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with population-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mandal S. Round up. Indian J Urol 2024; 40:3-5. [PMID: 38314076 PMCID: PMC10836461 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_472_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
|
7
|
Zhang M, Jiao H, Wang C, Qu Y, Lv S, Zhao D, Zhong X. Physical activity, sleep disorders, and type of work in the prevention of cognitive function decline in patients with hypertension. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2431. [PMID: 38057774 PMCID: PMC10699000 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive patients are likelier to have cognitive function decline (CFD). This study aimed to explore physical activity level, sleep disorders, and type of work that influenced intervention effects on cognitive function decline in hypertensive patients and to establish a decision tree model to analyze their predictive significance on the incidence of CFD in hypertensive patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited patients with essential hypertension from several hospitals in Shandong Province from May 2022 to December 2022. Subject exclusion criteria included individuals diagnosed with congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, cardiac surgery, hepatic and renal dysfunction, and malignancy. Recruitment is through multiple channels such as hospital medical and surgical outpatient clinics, wards, and health examination centers. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Moreover, we obtained information on the patients' type of work through a questionnaire and their level of physical activity through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS The logistic regression analysis results indicate that sleep disorder is a significant risk factor for CFD in hypertension patients(OR:1.85, 95%CI:[1.16,2.94]), mental workers(OR:0.12, 95%CI: [0.04,0.37]) and those who perform both manual and mental workers(OR: 0.5, 95%CI: [0.29,0.86]) exhibit protective effects against CFD. Compared to low-intensity, moderate physical activity(OR: 0.53, 95%CI: [0.32,0.87]) and high-intensity physical activity(OR: 0.26, 95%CI: [0.12,0.58]) protects against CFD in hypertension patients. The importance of predictors in the decision tree model was ranked as follows: physical activity level (54%), type of work (27%), and sleep disorders (19%). The area under the ROC curves the decision tree model predicted was 0.72 [95% CI: 0.68 to 0.76]. CONCLUSION Moderate and high-intensity physical activity may reduce the risk of developing CFD in hypertensive patients. Sleep disorders is a risk factor for CFD in hypertensive patients. Hypertensive patients who engage in mental work and high-intensity physical activity effectively mitigate the onset of CFD in hypertensive patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huachen Jiao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 42, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 42, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Qu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shunxin Lv
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Zhong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh S, Mahajan M, Kumar D, Singh K, Chowdhary M, Amit. An inclusive study of recent advancements in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Neuropeptides 2023; 102:102369. [PMID: 37611472 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has remained elusive in revealing its pathophysiology and mechanism of development. In this review paper, we attempt to highlight several theories that abound about the exact pathway of AD development. The number of cases worldwide has prompted a constant flow of research to detect high-risk patients, slow the progression of the disease and discover improved methods of treatment that may prove effective. We shall focus on the two main classes of drugs that are currently in use; and emerging ones with novel mechanisms that are under development. As of late there has also been increased attention towards factors that were previously thought to be unrelated to AD, such as the gut microbiome, lifestyle habits, and diet. Studies have now shown that all these factors make an impact on AD progression, thus bringing to our attention more areas that could hold the key to combating this disease. This paper covers all the aforementioned factors concisely. We also briefly explore the relationship between mental health and AD, both before and after the diagnosis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Singh
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mitali Mahajan
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Dhawal Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kunika Singh
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mehvish Chowdhary
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amit
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zotcheva E, Bratsberg B, Strand BH, Jugessur A, Engdahl BL, Bowen C, Selbæk G, Kohler HP, Harris JR, Weiss J, Tom SE, Krokstad S, Mekonnen T, Edwin TH, Stern Y, Håberg AK, Skirbekk V. Trajectories of occupational physical activity and risk of later-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia: the HUNT4 70+ study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2023; 34:100721. [PMID: 37927437 PMCID: PMC10625024 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Background High levels of occupational physical activity (PA) have been linked to an increased risk of dementia. We assessed the association of trajectories of occupational PA at ages 33-65 with risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at ages 70+. Methods We included 7005 participants (49.8% were women, 3488/7005) from the HUNT4 70+ Study. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify four trajectories of occupational PA based on national registry data from 1960 to 2014: stable low (30.9%, 2162/7005), increasing then decreasing (8.9%, 625/7005), stable intermediate (25.1%, 1755/7005), and stable high (35.2%, 2463/7005). Dementia and MCI were clinically assessed in 2017-2019. We performed adjusted multinomial regression to estimate relative risk ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dementia and MCI. Findings 902 participants were diagnosed with dementia and 2407 were diagnosed with MCI. Absolute unadjusted risks for dementia and MCI were 8.8% (95% CI: 7.6-10.0) and 27.4% (25.5-29.3), respectively, for those with a stable low PA trajectory, 8.2% (6.0-10.4) and 33.3% (29.6-37.0) for those with increasing, then decreasing PA; while they were 16.0% (14.3-17.7) and 35% (32.8-37.2) for those with stable intermediate, and 15.4% (14.0-16.8) and 40.2% (38.3-42.1) for those with stable high PA trajectories. In the adjusted model, participants with a stable high trajectory had a higher risk of dementia (RRR 1.34, 1.04-1.73) and MCI (1.80, 1.54-2.11), whereas participants with a stable intermediate trajectory had a higher risk of MCI (1.36, 1.15-1.61) compared to the stable low trajectory. While not statistically significant, participants with increasing then decreasing occupational PA had a 24% lower risk of dementia and 18% higher risk of MCI than the stable low PA group. Interpretation Consistently working in an occupation with intermediate or high occupational PA was linked to an increased risk of cognitive impairment, indicating the importance of developing strategies for individuals in physically demanding occupations to prevent cognitive impairment. Funding This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01AG069109-01) and the Research Council of Norway (296297, 262700, 288083).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Zotcheva
- Department for Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Centre of Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Bernt Bratsberg
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Ragnar Frisch Center for Economic Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- Department for Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Centre of Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astanand Jugessur
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bo Lars Engdahl
- Department for Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Centre of Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Kohler
- Population Aging Research Center and Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Harris
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jordan Weiss
- Stanford Center on Longevity, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E. Tom
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, USA
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Norway
| | - Teferi Mekonnen
- Department for Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Holt Edwin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, USA
| | - Asta Kristine Håberg
- Department for Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vegard Skirbekk
- Department for Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Centre of Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choe YM, Suh GH, Lee BC, Choi IG, Kim HS, Kim JW, Hwang J, Yi D, Kim JW. High-intensity walking in midlife is associated with improved memory in physically capable older adults. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:143. [PMID: 37644550 PMCID: PMC10463890 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the associations of midlife- and late life-initiated walking with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related cognitive decline in humans. We aimed to investigate whether high-intensity, prolonged, midlife-initiated walking is associated with changes in AD-related cognitive decline in physically capable older adults. METHODS We studied 188 physically capable participants aged 65-90 years without dementia who underwent comprehensive clinical assessment, including of their walking modality (i.e., intensity, duration, midlife- or late life-onset), memory- or non-memory and total cognitive performance, and blood or nutritional biomarkers. RESULTS The walking group showed better episodic memory (B = 2.852, SE = 1.214, β = 0.144, p = 0.020), but not non-memory cognition, than the non-walking group. High-intensity walking starting in midlife was significantly associated with better episodic memory (B = 9.360, SE = 3.314, β = 0.446, p = 0.005) compared to the non-walking group. In contrast, there were no differences in cognition according to walking duration, regardless of the onset time. The walking group also showed a similar association with overall cognition. CONCLUSIONS Among physically capable older adults without dementia, walking, particularly at high intensity and starting in midlife, is associated with improved episodic memory, an AD-related cognitive domain. Further attention should be paid to the role of walking in terms of AD prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Choe
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7 Keunjaebong-Gil, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Guk-Hee Suh
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7 Keunjaebong-Gil, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Boung Chul Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, 07247, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn-Geun Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul W Psychiatric Office, Seoul, 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7 Keunjaebong-Gil, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7 Keunjaebong-Gil, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, 18450, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeuk Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Seoul, Seoul, 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Wook Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7 Keunjaebong-Gil, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, 18450, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li Y, Ren Y, Cong L, Hou T, Song L, Wang M, Wang X, Han X, Tang S, Zhang Q, Dekhtyar S, Wang Y, Du Y, Qiu C. Association of Lifelong Cognitive Reserve with Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment among Older Adults with Limited Formal Education: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2023; 52:258-266. [PMID: 37517389 PMCID: PMC10614281 DOI: 10.1159/000532131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early-life educational attainment contributes to cognitive reserve (CR). We investigated the associations of lifelong CR with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among older people with limited formal education. METHODS This population-based cohort study included 2,127 dementia-free participants (≥60 years; 59.4% women; 81.5% with no or elementary school) who were examined at baseline (August-December 2014) and follow-up (March-September 2018). Lifelong CR score at baseline was generated from six lifespan intellectual factors. Dementia, MCI, and their subtypes were defined according to the international criteria. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models. RESULTS During the total of 8,330.6 person-years of follow-up, 101 persons were diagnosed with dementia, including 74 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 26 with vascular dementia (VaD). The high (vs. low) tertile of lifelong CR score was associated with multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.28 (0.14-0.55) for dementia and 0.18 (0.07-0.48) for AD. The association between higher CR and reduced AD risk was significant in people aged 60-74 but not in those aged ≥75 years (p for interaction = 0.011). Similarly, among MCI-free people at baseline (n = 1,635), the high (vs. low) tertile of lifelong CR score was associated with multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of 0.51 (0.38-0.69) for MCI and 0.46 (0.33-0.64) for amnestic MCI. Lifelong CR was not related to VaD or non-amnestic MCI. DISCUSSION High lifelong CR is associated with reduced risks of dementia and MCI, especially AD and amnestic MCI. It highlights the importance of lifelong CR in maintaining late-life cognitive health even among people with no or limited education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjing Li
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yifei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lin Song
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Mingqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Serhiy Dekhtyar
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ellouze I, Sheffler J, Nagpal R, Arjmandi B. Dietary Patterns and Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Review Linking Nutrition to Neuroscience. Nutrients 2023; 15:3204. [PMID: 37513622 PMCID: PMC10384681 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing concern for the aging population worldwide. With no current cure or reliable treatments available for AD, prevention is an important and growing area of research. A range of lifestyle and dietary patterns have been studied to identify the most effective preventive lifestyle changes against AD and related dementia (ADRD) pathology. Of these, the most studied dietary patterns are the Mediterranean, DASH, MIND, ketogenic, and modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diets. However, there are discrepancies in the reported benefits among studies examining these dietary patterns. We herein compile a narrative/literature review of existing clinical evidence on the association of these patterns with ADRD symptomology and contemplate their preventive/ameliorative effects on ADRD neuropathology in various clinical milieus. By and large, plant-based dietary patterns have been found to be relatively consistently and positively correlated with preventing and reducing the odds of ADRD. These impacts stem not only from the direct impact of specific dietary components within these patterns on the brain but also from indirect effects through decreasing the deleterious effects of ADRD risk factors, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, other psychosocial factors influence dietary intake, such as the social connection, which may directly influence diet and lifestyle, thereby also impacting ADRD risk. To this end, prospective research on ADRD should include a holistic approach, including psychosocial considerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ellouze
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja 382, Tunisia;
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Julia Sheffler
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Bahram Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang X, Tan CS, Kandiah N, Hilal S. Association of physical activity with dementia and cognitive decline in UK Biobank. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12476. [PMID: 37671035 PMCID: PMC10476274 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a lack of studies on the association between specific physical activity (PA) types and dementia. We examined the association of leisure time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA), and sedentary lifestyle with dementia risk and cognitive decline using the UK-Biobank study. METHODS Baseline PA was collected using questionnaires. A total of 502,481 dementia-free participants were recruited in 2006-2010 and followed for 10 years until the end of 2020 for the ascertainment of dementia. Associations of PA with incident dementia and cognitive decline were examined. RESULTS Higher levels of LTPA and OPA and lower levels of sedentary hours were associated with lower dementia risk. The fifth quintiles of LTPA (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.67) and OPA (HR = 0.68, 95% CI:0.51-0.90) had lower dementia risk, whereas the fifth quintile of sedentary lifestyle had higher dementia risk (HR = 1.23, 95% CI:1.08-1.41). DISCUSSION Our findings suggest the promotion of an active lifestyle suggested to be preventive of dementia risk. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number 71022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Huang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public HealthNational University of Singapore and National University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public HealthNational University of Singapore and National University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
| | - Nagaendran Kandiah
- Dementia Research CentreLee Kong Chian School of MedicineSingaporeSingapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public HealthNational University of Singapore and National University Health SystemSingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheon DY, Han KD, Kim CH, Oh MS, Lee BC, Kim Y, Lee SH, Kim C, Lim JS, Lee M, Yu KH. Association between exercise habit changes and incident dementia after ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3959. [PMID: 36894695 PMCID: PMC9998861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of exercise habit changes on the risk of incident dementia after ischemic stroke using the Korean National Health Insurance Services Database. This study included 223,426 patients with a new diagnosis of ischemic stroke between 2010 and 2016 who underwent two serial ambulatory health checkups. The participants were divided into four categories according to their habit change or regular exercise: persistent non-exercisers, new exercisers, exercise dropouts, and exercise maintainers. The primary outcome was new diagnosis of dementia. Multivariate Cox proportional models were used to assess the effects of changes in exercise habits on the risk of incident dementia. After a median of 4.02 years of follow-up, 22,554 (10.09%) dementia cases were observed. After adjusting for covariates, exercise dropouts, new exercisers, and exercise maintainers were significantly associated with a lower risk of incident dementia than persistent non-exercisers (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.937; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.905-0.970, aHR 0.876; 95% CI 0.843-0.909, aHR 0.705; 95% CI 0.677-0.734, respectively). The impact of changes in exercise habit was more prominent in the 40-65 years age group. An energy expenditure ≥ 1000 metabolic equivalents of task-min/wk post-stroke, regardless of pre-stroke physical activity status, was mostly associated with a lower risk of each outcome. In this retrospective cohort study, initiating or continuing moderate-to-vigorous exercise after ischemic stroke was associated with a lower risk of dementia development. Further, pre-stroke regular physical activity also reduced the risk of incident dementia. The promotion of exercise in ambulatory stroke patients may reduce their future risk of incident dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young Cheon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, South Korea
| | - Kyung do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chi-Hun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Mi Sun Oh
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Yerim Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hwa Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chulho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Lim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea.
| | - Kyung-Ho Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cleven L, Syrjanen JA, Geda YE, Christenson LR, Petersen RC, Vassilaki M, Woll A, Krell-Roesch J. Association between physical activity and longitudinal change in body mass index in middle-aged and older adults. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:202. [PMID: 36717834 PMCID: PMC9885704 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In middle-aged and particularly older adults, body mass index (BMI) is associated with various health outcomes. We examined associations between physical activity (PA) and longitudinal BMI change in persons aged ≥ 50 years. METHODS The sample included 5159 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 50 years (50.5% males, mean (SD) age 73.0 (10.2) years at baseline) who were enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA). Participants had information on PA within one year of baseline assessment, BMI at baseline, and potential follow-up assessments (mean (SD) follow-up 4.6 (3.7) years). Linear mixed-effect models were used to calculate the association between PA (moderate-vigorous physical activity, MVPA; and all PA composite score) and the longitudinal change in BMI, adjusted for baseline age, sex, education and medical comorbidities. In addition to interactions between years since baseline and PA, we also included 2- and 3-way interactions with baseline age to further assess whether age modifies the trajectory of BMI over time. RESULTS We observed a decrease in BMI among participants engaging at a mean amount of PA (i.e. , MVPA 2.7; all PA: 6.8) and with a mean age (i.e., 73 years) at baseline (MVPA: estimate = -0.047, 95% CI -0.059, -0.034; all PA: estimate = -0.047, 95% CI -0.060, -0.035), and this decline is accelerated with increasing age. Participants with a mean age (i.e., 73 years) that engage at an increased amount of MVPA or all PA at baseline (i.e., one SD above the mean) do not decrease as fast with regard to BMI (MVPA: estimate = -0.006; all PA: estimate = -0.016), and higher levels of MVPA or all PA at baseline (i.e., two SD above the mean) were even associated with an increase in BMI (MVPA: estimate = 0.035; all PA: estimate = 0.015). Finally, MVPA but not all PA is beneficial at slowing BMI decline with increasing age. CONCLUSION PA, particularly at moderate-vigorous intensity, is associated with slower decline in longitudinal BMI trajectories. This implies that engaging in PA may be beneficial for healthy body weight regulation in middle and late adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cleven
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jeremy A. Syrjanen
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Yonas E. Geda
- grid.427785.b0000 0001 0664 3531Department of Neurology and the Franke Global Neuroscience Education Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | - Luke R. Christenson
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Ronald C. Petersen
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Maria Vassilaki
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Alexander Woll
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Janina Krell-Roesch
- grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kyaw KT, Levine A, Zhao AJ. Topical Review of Hobbies and Cognitive Health. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:91-103. [PMID: 36404543 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing preventive measures to improve cognitive health of the growing older adult population is a public health priority. Though, the links between low-cost non-pharmacologist interventions that target activities like hobbies and cognitive health remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We conducted a topical review of extant literature to characterize prior findings in context and identify potential research opportunities. METHODS Search criteria was conducted with search terms "Hobbies and Dementia", "Hobbies and Cognitive Health," "Leisure Activities and Dementia," and "Leisure Activities and Cognitive Health". From the initial 383 articles, 25 articles were selected for review by using broad inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS Of the 25 articles included in this review, 19 were longitudinal cohort, 1 was a retrospective cohort, 2 were case-control, and 3 were cross-sectional. These studies classified hobbies as leisure activities that were cognitive/intellectual, cultural, religious, social, gardening, traveling, or physical. These studies were conducted in the United States (9), United Kingdom (3), Sweden (3), France (5), Finland (1), Korea (1), Japan (2), and China (1). The associations of different types of hobbies with dementia from these studies were not consistent. Inconsistencies could be due to limitations of study design, lack of standardized methods, sample diversity, and differences in factors like social/cultural environment across the study populations. CONCLUSION This review examined existing evidence for the association between engagement in different types of hobbies and dementia and identified key knowledge gaps and promising approaches for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay T Kyaw
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alec Levine
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Jin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Topping M, Kim J, Fletcher J. Area-Level Infant Mortality Exposure in Early Life and Alzheimer's Disease Mortality: Examining Variation Based on Age, Sex, and Place of Birth. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:1007-1016. [PMID: 37212115 PMCID: PMC10398565 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that critical periods in early life may contribute to one's risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) in later life. In this paper we explore the role that exposure to infant mortality plays in later life ADRD. OBJECTIVE To determine if exposure to early life infant mortality is associated with later mortality from ADRD. Also, we explore how these associations differ by sex and age group, along with the role of state of birth and competing risks of death. METHODS We use a sample of over 400,000 individuals aged 50 and above with the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study with mortality follow-up, allowing us to examine how early life infant mortality rates along with other risk factors play in one's individual mortality risk. RESULTS We show that infant mortality rates are associated with death from ADRD among those under 65 years of age, but not those over 65 at baseline interview. Moreover, when factoring in competing risks of death, the associations are relatively unchanged. CONCLUSION These results suggest that those exposed to worse adverse conditions during critical periods increase their likelihood of death from ADRD earlier than average, due to that exposure increasing their susceptibility to develop illness later on in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Topping
- Department of Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jinho Kim
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jason Fletcher
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ihle A, Gouveia ÉR, Gouveia BR, Marques A, Marconcin P, Nascimento MDM, Haas M, Jurema J, Tinôco MA, Kliegel M. The Relation of Having Experienced a Fall in the Past to Lower Cognitive Functioning in Old Age Is Mediated via Less Physical Activity Engagement as Cognitive Reserve Contributor. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121754. [PMID: 36552264 PMCID: PMC9775010 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and exercise contribute to the accumulation of cognitive reserve, which is instrumental for preserving cognitive health in old age. In a large sample of 701 older adults (mean age = 70.36 years), we investigated whether the relationship between having experienced a fall in the past and lower performance in cognitive functioning was mediated via less physical activity engagement as a cognitive reserve contributor. General cognition was assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), long-term memory using a word-pair delayed recall test and working memory using a backward digit-span test. In face-to-face interviews, individuals reported information on falls during the past 12 months and their habitual physical activity engagement. Our analyses demonstrated that the relationship between having experienced a fall in the past and lower performance in the cognitive functioning measures was partly mediated (by 16.3% for general cognition, 30.6% for long-term memory, and 33.1% for working memory, respectively) via less physical activity engagement. In conclusion, we suggest as a core bio-psychological mechanism that experiencing a fall at an older age is a critical life event that hinders sufficient physical activity engagement and thereby impedes cognitive reserve build-up, resulting in lower cognitive functioning outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ihle
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Élvio R. Gouveia
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSYS), Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Bruna R. Gouveia
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Robotics and Engineering Systems (LARSYS), Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Regional Directorate of Health, Secretary of Health of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, 9004-515 Funchal, Portugal
- Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, 9050-535 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Priscila Marconcin
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal
- KinesioLab, Research Unit in Human Movement Analysis, Piaget Institute, 2805-059 Almada, Portugal
| | - Marcelo de Maio Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, 56304-917 Petrolina, Brazil
| | - Maximilian Haas
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jefferson Jurema
- Higher School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, 69065-001 Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maria A. Tinôco
- Coordination of Physical Education and Sport, Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education of Amazonas, 69020-120 Manaus, Brazil
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li X, Ji M, Zhang H, Liu Z, Chai Y, Cheng Q, Yang Y, Cordato D, Gao J. Non-drug Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Neurol Ther 2022; 12:39-72. [PMID: 36376734 PMCID: PMC9837368 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-022-00416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating disease leading to great social and economic burdens worldwide. During the past decades, increasing understanding of this disease enables dynamic trials for disease interventions. Unfortunately, at present, AD still remains uncurable, and therefore, developing intervention strategies for improving symptoms and slowing down the disease process becomes a practical focus in parallel with searching for a disease-modifying medication. The aim of this review is to summarize the outcomes of AD clinical trials of non-drug therapies published in the past decade, including cognitive-oriented interventions, physical exercise interventions, brain stimulation, as well as nutrition supplementations, to find out the most effective interventions in the category by looking through the primary and secondary outcomes. The outcomes of the trials could be varied with the interventional approaches, the tested cohorts, the settings of observing outcomes, and the duration of follow-ups, which are all discussed in this review. Hence, we hope to provide crucial information for application of these interventions in real-world settings and assist with optimization of clinical trial designs in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianqian Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Yangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200093 China ,Clinical Research Center in Mental Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Min Ji
- Clinical Pharmacology, Shanghai Yangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200093 China ,Clinical Research Center in Mental Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Clinical Psychosomatic Department, Shanghai Yangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200093 China ,Clinical Research Center in Mental Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Zunjian Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Yangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200093 China ,Clinical Research Center in Mental Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Yujing Chai
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Yangpu District Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200093 China ,Clinical Research Center in Mental Health, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 200093 China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Stroke and Neurology Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Yue Yang
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050 Australia
| | - Dennis Cordato
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW Australia ,Stroke and Neurology Research Group, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Jianqun Gao
- Sleep Medicine, Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 999 Shiguang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Department of Neurology, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 999 Shiguang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sex- and Neuropsychiatric-Dependent Circadian Alterations in Daily Voluntary Physical Activity Engagement and Patterns in Aged 3xTg-AD Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213671. [PMID: 36430150 PMCID: PMC9696337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients suffer from circadian rhythm alterations affecting their daily physical activity patterns with less willingness to perform a voluntary exercise. In preclinical studies, there is no clarity on whether animal models of AD can replicate these impairments. Here, we provide a proof of concept of the performance and behavioral effects of four weeks of voluntary wheel running (VWR) in a group of 14-month-old male and female 3xTg-AD mice at advanced stages of AD and the daily variance (behavioral circadian rhythmicity) of VWR associated with sex and their neuropsychiatric-like phenotype. Higher levels of horizontal exploration in the open field (OF) test were found in mice submitted to exercise. A linear mixed effect model showed significant sex-dependent differences in the VWR activity performed on the first night of follow-up, with high-NIBI males running less than high-NIBI females. Thus, an influence of NPS-like symptoms on the circadian patterns of VWR may account for such differences. In addition, males remained more active than females during diurnal periods. We hypothesize that this increment in energy expenditure during resting periods may be related to hyperactive behavior, similar to that observed in humans' exacerbated agitation or sundowning behavior. These findings support the usage of the 3xTg-AD mouse as a reliable model for studying circadian rhythm alterations in AD and, at the translational level, the importance of tailored and individualized physical activity programs in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
21
|
Feter N, Mielke GI, Cunha L, Leite JS, Dumith SC, Rombaldi AJ. Can physical activity attenuate the impact of cardiovascular risk factors in the incidence of dementia? Findings from a population-based cohort study. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114865. [PMID: 36179594 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natan Feter
- Postgraduate Program of Epidemiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Dr Miguel Barcelos, 547, Pelotas, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 96015-150, Brazil.
| | - Gregore I Mielke
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Larissa Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Jayne S Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samuel C Dumith
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Airton J Rombaldi
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tari AR, Selbæk G, Franklin BA, Bergh S, Skjellegrind H, Sallis RE, Bosnes I, Stordal E, Ziaei M, Lydersen S, Kobro-Flatmoen A, Huuha AM, Nauman J, Wisløff U. Temporal changes in personal activity intelligence and the risk of incident dementia and dementia related mortality: A prospective cohort study (HUNT). EClinicalMedicine 2022; 52:101607. [PMID: 36034407 PMCID: PMC9403490 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Personal Activity Intelligence (PAI) translates heart rate during daily activity into a weekly score. Obtaining a weekly PAI score ≥100 is associated with reduced risk of premature morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Here, we determined whether changes in PAI score are associated with changes in risk of incident dementia and dementia-related mortality. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 29,826 healthy individuals. Using data from the Trøndelag Health-Study (HUNT), PAI was estimated 10 years apart (HUNT1 1984-86 and HUNT2 1995-97). Adjusted hazard-ratios (aHR) and 95%-confidence intervals (CI) for incidence of and death from dementia were related to changes in PAI using Cox regression analyses. FINDINGS During a median follow-up time of 24.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 24.1-25.0) for dementia incidence and 23.6 years (IQR: 20.8-24.2) for dementia-related mortality, there were 1998 incident cases and 1033 dementia-related deaths. Individuals who increased their PAI score over time or maintained a high PAI score at both assessments had reduced risk of dementia incidence and dementia-related mortality. Compared with persistently inactive individuals (0 weekly PAI) at both time points, the aHRs for those with a PAI score ≥100 at both occasions were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.58-0.97) for incident dementia, and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.43-0.91) for dementia-related mortality. Using PAI score <100 at both assessments as the reference cohort, those who increased from <100 at HUNT1 to ≥100 at HUNT2 had aHR of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72-0.96) for incident dementia, and gained 2.8 (95% CI: 1.3-4.2, P<0.0001) dementia-free years. For dementia-related mortality, the corresponding aHR was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.59-0.92) and years of life gained were 2.4 (95% CI: 1.0-3.8, P=0.001). INTERPRETATION Maintaining a high weekly PAI score and increases in PAI scores over time were associated with a reduced risk of incident dementia and dementia-related mortality. Our findings extend the scientific evidence regarding the protective role of PA for dementia prevention, and suggest that PAI may be a valuable tool in guiding research-based PA recommendations. FUNDING The Norwegian Research Council, the Liaison Committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority and Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefe R. Tari
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Centre for Age-related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Barry A. Franklin
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
- Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Sverre Bergh
- Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Research Centre for Age-related Functional Decline and Disease, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Håvard Skjellegrind
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robert E. Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Fontana, CA, USA
| | - Ingunn Bosnes
- Clinic for Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eystein Stordal
- Clinic for Mental Health and Substance Abuse, Namsos Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Namsos, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maryam Ziaei
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Diseases, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer's Diseases, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aleksi M. Huuha
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Javaid Nauman
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- Cardiac Exercise Research Group at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
- School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Cardiac Exercise Research Group at the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fernández-Calle R, Konings SC, Frontiñán-Rubio J, García-Revilla J, Camprubí-Ferrer L, Svensson M, Martinson I, Boza-Serrano A, Venero JL, Nielsen HM, Gouras GK, Deierborg T. APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and brain diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:62. [PMID: 36153580 PMCID: PMC9509584 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of the most influential risk factors for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation has become the third hallmark of AD, together with Amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated aggregated tau protein. This review aims to broadly and extensively describe the differential aspects concerning apoE. Starting from the evolution of apoE to how APOE's single-nucleotide polymorphisms affect its structure, function, and involvement during health and disease. This review reflects on how APOE's polymorphisms impact critical aspects of AD pathology, such as the neuroinflammatory response, particularly the effect of APOE on astrocytic and microglial function and microglial dynamics, synaptic function, amyloid-β load, tau pathology, autophagy, and cell–cell communication. We discuss influential factors affecting AD pathology combined with the APOE genotype, such as sex, age, diet, physical exercise, current therapies and clinical trials in the AD field. The impact of the APOE genotype in other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by overt inflammation, e.g., alpha- synucleinopathies and Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, is also addressed. Therefore, this review gathers the most relevant findings related to the APOE genotype up to date and its implications on AD and CNS pathologies to provide a deeper understanding of the knowledge in the APOE field.
Collapse
|
24
|
Henrique JS, Braga PLG, de Almeida SS, Nunes NSP, Benfato ID, Arida RM, de Oliveira CAM, Gomes da Silva S. Effect of the ACTN-3 gene polymorphism on functional fitness and executive function of elderly. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:943934. [PMID: 36158545 PMCID: PMC9501855 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.943934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, physical integrity and cognitive abilities, especially executive function, become compromised, directly influencing the quality of life of the elderly. One good strategy to ensure healthy aging is the practice of physical exercise. Activities to improve aerobic capacity and muscle strength are extremely important in old age. However, some genetic factors can interfere both positively and negatively with these gains. In this context, the polymorphism rs1815739 (R577X) of the α-actinin 3 gene (ACTN-3) is commonly studied and related to muscle phenotype. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of the ACTN-3 gene polymorphism on the functional fitness (measured by the Senior Fit test) and cognitive capacity (evaluated by the Stroop test) of the elderly (n = 347), both men and women. We did not find the effect of genotype on functional fitness, but we did observed a positive effect of the ACTN-3 gene polymorphism on executive function. The presence of the X allele of the ACTN3 gene in the elderly was related to a better performance in the Stroop test (shorter answer time). Our results showed that ACTN-3 gene polymorphism affects the executive function of the elderly but not their functional fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Luiz Garcia Braga
- Department of Psychogerontology, Instituto Educatie de Ensino e Pesquisa, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Sandro Soares de Almeida
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical and Functional Performance, Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Izabelle Dias Benfato
- Department of Bioscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Mario Arida
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Department of Research and Extension, Fundação Cristiano Varella, Muriaé, Brazil
- Centro Universitário FAMINAS, Muriaé, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Sérgio Gomes da Silva ;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Strong JV. Music experience predicts episodic memory performance in older adult instrumental musicians. Brain Cogn 2022; 161:105883. [PMID: 35667284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research suggests that there is a relationship between music lessons early in life and cognitive functioning in late life. The current study examined 1) how lifestyle factors, including music lessons, physical and social activity, and health predict late life cognition and 2) how unique music training variables (e.g., hours practiced, years in lessons, age of acquisition) predicted cognitive scores for older adults. METHODS Participants completed a neuropsychological battery examining major cognitive domains, and completed questionnaires on music experience, physical and social activity, and physician diagnosed health factors. RESULTS Results suggested that belonging to the musician group predicted scores on executive functioning, language, and visual spatial ability. Among instrumental musicians, number of years in formal training and current number of hours playing per week predicted scores on verbal memory. Age of acquisition was not a significant predictor of cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Music training significantly predicted scores on tests of executive function, visual spatial ability, and language, above and beyond other variables, including current age and health and lifestyle factors. The number of years of formal training predicted scores on verbal learning and memory, with significant implications for aging. The results are discussed in the context of cognitive aging and music education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica V Strong
- University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The Relationship between Sleep Duration and Stroke Risk: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050601. [PMID: 35624988 PMCID: PMC9139141 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of physical activity (PA) on the relationship between average sleep duration and risk of stroke in suburban residents without stroke. Methods: A cross-sectional study was executed, and participants were recruited through a multistage, stratified, probability-proportional-to-size sampling method in this research. The stroke risk was measured using a risk assessment form for a high-risk stroke population. The PA score was calculated by the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3). The average sleep duration was calculated by adding up night sleep and afternoon nap durations. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the association between stroke risk, average sleep duration, and PA. The direct and indirect effects of average sleep duration on stroke risk were analyzed by using the PA in a mediation framework. Results: A total of 5312 suburban residents (average: 54.96 ± 12.21 years, 2970 women) participated in the study. After adjusting for covariates, relatively inappropriate sleep duration (<7 h/>8 h~9 h/>9 h) and stroke risk were significantly associated, compared with the moderate average sleep duration (7~8 h) (β = 0.038, 95% CI: 0.024~0.128; β = 0.078, 95% CI: 0.128~0.250; β = 0.150, 95% CI: 0.390~0.549). The PA total score (indirect effect ab = 0.013, 95% CI: 0.003~0.022) partially mediated the relationship between the long average sleep duration and stroke risk, in which the activity intensity (ab = −0.015, 95% CI: −0.021~−0.008), the activity duration (ab = 0.043, 95% CI: 0.029~0.058), and the activity frequency (ab = 0.012, 95% CI: 0.004~0.020; ab = 0.037, 95% CI: 0.026~0.050) all played a mediating role in the different sleep duration. Conclusions: A significant relationship between a long average sleep duration and stroke risk factors among people without stroke was found in this study. The PA and its components partially mediated the association between a long average sleep duration and stroke risk. Suitable prevention methods and interventions for PA and sleep may reduce the risk of stroke.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kępka A, Ochocińska A, Borzym-Kluczyk M, Chojnowska S, Skorupa E, Przychodzeń M, Waszkiewicz N. Healthy Food Pyramid as Well as Physical and Mental Activity in the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081534. [PMID: 35458096 PMCID: PMC9028231 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ageing of the population is resulting in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which are an increasing social, economic and medical problem. Diet and physical activity are now considered as important modifiable factors that help prevent or delay the development of AD and other dementia-related diseases. The pyramid of healthy nutrition and lifestyle is a way of presenting the principles, the implementation of which gives a chance for proper development and a long healthy life. The basis of the pyramid, in the first place, is physical activity. Our review of the literature in the PubMed database supports the hypothesis that complementary factors, such as proper diet, physical exercise and mental activity, have a positive impact on the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. The nutritional recommendations for healthy adults primarily include the consumption of vegetables, fruits, cereals, legumes, vegetable oils and fishes. Therefore, the introduction of Mediterranean and Asian diets may reduce the risk of the neurodegenerative diseases associated with dementia, whereas dairy products and meat—the main sources of L-carnitine—should be consumed in moderate amounts. The aim of our work is to provide up-to-date knowledge about the appropriate dietary model and healthy lifestyle elements and their impact on good health and the long life of people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kępka
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute of Warsaw, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (A.O.); Tel.: +48-22-815-73-01 (A.O.)
| | - Agnieszka Ochocińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute of Warsaw, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (A.O.); Tel.: +48-22-815-73-01 (A.O.)
| | - Małgorzata Borzym-Kluczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Chojnowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Lomza, Poland;
| | - Ewa Skorupa
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute of Warsaw, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Przychodzeń
- Department of Psychogeriatry, Independent Public Psychiatric Health Care Institution in Choroszcz, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland;
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Iso-Markku P, Kujala UM, Knittle K, Polet J, Vuoksimaa E, Waller K. Physical activity as a protective factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review, meta-analysis and quality assessment of cohort and case-control studies. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:701-709. [PMID: 35301183 PMCID: PMC9163715 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective Physical activity (PA) is associated with a decreased incidence of dementia, but much of the evidence comes from short follow-ups prone to reverse causation. This meta-analysis investigates the effect of study length on the association. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes, dose–response analysis and funnel plots were used to synthesise the results. Data sources CINAHL (last search 19 October 2021), PsycInfo, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (21 October 2021) and SPORTDiscus (26 October 2021). Eligibility criteria Studies of adults with a prospective follow-up of at least 1 year, a valid cognitive measure or cohort in mid-life at baseline and an estimate of the association between baseline PA and follow-up all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease or vascular dementia were included (n=58). Results PA was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause dementia (pooled relative risk 0.80, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.84, n=257 983), Alzheimer’s disease (0.86, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.93, n=128 261) and vascular dementia (0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.95, n=33 870), even in longer follow-ups (≥20 years) for all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Neither baseline age, follow-up length nor study quality significantly moderated the associations. Dose–response meta-analyses revealed significant linear, spline and quadratic trends within estimates for all-cause dementia incidence, but only a significant spline trend for Alzheimer’s disease. Funnel plots showed possible publication bias for all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusion PA was associated with lower incidence of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, even in longer follow-ups, supporting PA as a modifiable protective lifestyle factor, even after reducing the effects of reverse causation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Iso-Markku
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland .,HUS Diagnostic Center, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Keegan Knittle
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juho Polet
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Waller
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu M, Gao Y, Kwok TCY, Shao Z, Xiao LD, Feng H. Derivation and Validation of the Cognitive Impairment Prediction Model in Older Adults: A National Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:755005. [PMID: 35309895 PMCID: PMC8931520 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.755005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This prediction model quantifies the risk of cognitive impairment. This aim of this study was to develop and validate a prediction model to calculate the 6-year risk of cognitive impairment. Methods Participants from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) 2008–2014 and 2011–2018 surveys were included for developing the cognitive impairment prediction model. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, clinical knowledge, and previous experience were performed to select predictors. The Cox proportional hazard model and Fine-Gray analysis adjusting for death were conducted to construct the model. The discriminative ability was measured using C-statistics. The model was evaluated externally using the temporal validation method via the CLHLS 2002–2008 survey. A nomogram was conducted to enhance the practical use. The population attributable fraction was calculated. Results A total of 10,053 older adults were included for model development. During a median of 5.68 years, 1,750 (17.4%) participants experienced cognitive impairment. Eight easy-to-obtain predictors were used to develop the model. The overall proportion of death was 43.3%. The effect of age on cognitive impairment reduced after adjusting the competing risk of death. The Cox and Fine–Gray models showed a similar discriminative ability, with average C-statistics of 0.71 and 0.69 in development and external validation datasets, respectively. The model performed better in younger older adults (65–74 years). The proportion of 6-year cognitive impairment due to modifiable risk factors was 47.7%. Conclusion This model could be used to identify older adults aged 65 years and above at high risk of cognitive impairment and initiate timely interventions on modifiable factors to prevent nearly half of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Hu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinyan Gao
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Timothy C. Y. Kwok
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhanfang Shao
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lily Dongxia Xiao
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Lily Dongxia Xiao,
| | - Hui Feng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Oceanwide Health Management Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hui Feng,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li C, Ma Y, Hua R, Zheng F, Xie W. Long-term physical activity participation trajectories were associated with subsequent cognitive decline, risk of dementia and all-cause mortality among adults aged ≥50 years: a population-based cohort study. Age Ageing 2022; 51:6555260. [PMID: 35348603 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM to evaluate self-reported physical activity (PA) participation trajectories over a 6-year span and to assess associations with subsequent cognitive decline, incident dementia and all-cause mortality. METHODS population-based cohort of 8,842 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years in England. Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify 6-year trajectories of PA participation. Cognitive decline, incident dementia and all-cause mortality were outcomes. RESULTS five trajectories were identified, including persistently low (N = 2,511), initially low then improving (1,651), initially high then declining (249), persistently moderate (2,422) and persistently high (2,009). Compared with persistently low, participants of initially low then improving and persistently high PA participation experienced decelerated global cognitive decline of 0.012 standard deviation (SD)/year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.004-0.021, P = 0.004) and 0.021 SD/year (95% CI: 0.013-0.029, P < 0.001). They were also associated with lower dementia risk, with multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.43 (95% CI: 0.31-0.60) and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.27-0.45). A similar pattern was observed for all-cause mortality, with HRs of 0.31 (95% CI: 0.13-0.74) and 0.25 (95% CI: 0.14-0.45). No significant differences were observed between persistently low and initially high then declining trajectories. CONCLUSION for middle-aged and older adults, both gradually improved and persistently active PA participation were associated with decelerated cognitive decline, lower risk of dementia and all-cause mortality. Strategies focusing on improving and maintaining PA participation could be of significance by attaining considerable neurocognitive and longevity benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Li
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanjun Ma
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fanfan Zheng
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Wuxiang Xie
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- PUCRI Heart and Vascular Health Research Center at Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kitamura K, Watanabe Y, Kabasawa K, Takahashi A, Saito T, Kobayashi R, Takachi R, Oshiki R, Tsugane S, Iki M, Sasaki A, Yamazaki O, Watanabe K, Nakamura K. Leisure-Time and Non-Leisure-Time Physical Activities Are Dose-Dependently Associated With a Reduced Risk of Dementia in Community-Dwelling People Aged 40-74 Years: The Murakami Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:1197-1204.e4. [PMID: 35180444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although physical activity (PA) in late life is considered a preventive factor for dementia, effects of different types of PAs on the development of dementia in early old age are unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of leisure-time and non-leisure-time PAs on dementia risk in middle-aged and older adults during an 8-year follow-up. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were 13,773 community-dwelling individuals aged 40-74 years who completed the baseline self-administered questionnaire survey of the Murakami cohort study in 2011-2013. METHODS Main predictors were leisure-time and non-leisure-time (commute, occupational work, and housework) PAs as assessed by MET score (MET-hour/d). The outcome was newly developed dementia determined using a long-term care insurance database. Covariates included demographics, lifestyle, body size, disease history, and PA level. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Mean age of participants was 59.0 (SD 9.3) years. Higher levels of leisure-time PA were associated with lower HRs (adjusted P for trend <.001), with all tertiles having significantly lower HRs (low: 0.71, 95% CI 0.51-0.99; medium: 0.59, 95% CI 0.43-0.81; high: 0.55, 95% CI 0.41-0.75) relative to the reference (zero). Higher quartiles of non-leisure-time PA were associated with lower adjusted HRs for dementia (adjusted P for trend < .001), with the second-fourth quartiles having significantly lower HRs (second: 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.98; third: 0.59, 95% CI 0.43-0.81; fourth: 0.55, 95% CI 0.41-0.75) relative to the lowest quartile. These associations were robust regardless of sex and age group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Both leisure-time and non-leisure-time PAs are independently and robustly associated with a reduced risk of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kitamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yumi Watanabe
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keiko Kabasawa
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akemi Takahashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Rehabilitation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiko Saito
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryosaku Kobayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Rehabilitation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ribeka Takachi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara, Japan
| | - Rieko Oshiki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Rehabilitation, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Kei Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nakamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Immune Memory in Aging: a Wide Perspective Covering Microbiota, Brain, Metabolism, and Epigenetics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 63:499-529. [PMID: 34910283 PMCID: PMC8671603 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-specific innate and antigen-specific adaptive immunological memories are vital evolutionary adaptations that confer long-lasting protection against a wide range of pathogens. Adaptive memory is established by memory T and B lymphocytes following the recognition of an antigen. On the other hand, innate immune memory, also called trained immunity, is imprinted in innate cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. However, these mechanisms of memory generation and maintenance are compromised as organisms age. Almost all immune cell types, both mature cells and their progenitors, go through age-related changes concerning numbers and functions. The aging immune system renders the elderly highly susceptible to infections and incapable of mounting a proper immune response upon vaccinations. Besides the increased infectious burden, older individuals also have heightened risks of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, which have an immunological component. This review discusses how immune function, particularly the establishment and maintenance of innate and adaptive immunological memory, regulates and is regulated by epigenetics, metabolic processes, gut microbiota, and the central nervous system throughout life, with a focus on old age. We explain in-depth how epigenetics and cellular metabolism impact immune cell function and contribute or resist the aging process. Microbiota is intimately linked with the immune system of the human host, and therefore, plays an important role in immunological memory during both homeostasis and aging. The brain, which is not an immune-isolated organ despite former opinion, interacts with the peripheral immune cells, and the aging of both systems influences the health of each other. With all these in mind, we aimed to present a comprehensive view of the aging immune system and its consequences, especially in terms of immunological memory. The review also details the mechanisms of promising anti-aging interventions and highlights a few, namely, caloric restriction, physical exercise, metformin, and resveratrol, that impact multiple facets of the aging process, including the regulation of innate and adaptive immune memory. We propose that understanding aging as a complex phenomenon, with the immune system at the center role interacting with all the other tissues and systems, would allow for more effective anti-aging strategies.
Collapse
|
33
|
The effects of leisure time physical activity on depression among older women depend on intensity and frequency. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:822-830. [PMID: 34706452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is beneficial for late-life depression (LLD). The main purpose of this study was to estimate the associations between LTPA parameters (intensity, duration, frequency) and LLD. METHODS Through the 2018 Women Health Needs Survey, data on 1,892 women aged 55-70 in Hunan, China, were studied. Depression was measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Self-reported LTPA parameters were collected. Binary logistic regression models were used to compute odds ratios (OR) for LTPA for predicting depression. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the effect of missing values. RESULTS Moderate LTPA volume (OR = 0.582, p = 0.027, 95% CI [0.360-0.941] for 150-299 min/week and OR = 0.392, p = 0.002, 95% CI [0.215-0.714] for ≥300 min/week) was associated with reduced depression, while vigorous LTPA could increase the risk (OR = 2.414, p = 0.029, 95% CI [1.095-5.325] for <75 min/week and OR = 3.824, p = 0.007, 95% CI [1.439-10.158] for ≥75 min/week). Frequent (6-7 days/week), moderate LTPA had a lower risk (OR = 0.570, p = 0.021, 95% CI [0.353-0.918]), while frequent (≥3 days/week), vigorous LTPA increased the risk (OR = 5.103, p = 0.001, 95% CI [1.977-13.172]). The adjusted relationship between the duration and depression was not observed. The results were supported by the sensitivity analysis based on missing value replacement. LIMITATIONS In this cross-sectional study, LTPA data were self-reported and no data on light LTPA were collected. CONCLUSIONS Moderate LTPA, associated with mental health benefits, should be recommended for older women instead of vigorous LTPA.
Collapse
|
34
|
Stuckenschneider T, Abeln V, Foitschik T, Abel T, Polidori MC, Strüder HK. Disease-inclusive exercise classes improve physical fitness and reduce depressive symptoms in individuals with and without Parkinson's disease-A feasibility study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2352. [PMID: 34472722 PMCID: PMC8553328 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exercise is an adjunctive treatment in the management of Parkinson's disease (PD), but barriers such as health status, fear of overexertion, and lack of transportation to the location prevent regular exercise participation. Disease-inclusive exercise classes may offer an opportunity to make exercise more accessible for older adults with and without diseases. However, the efficacy of such heterogenous exercise classes is still widely unknown. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to analyze the feasibility of disease-inclusive exercise classes in older adults with and without PD. METHODS Twenty-one older adults (healthy older adults (HOA): n = 13; PD: n = 8) completed an 8-week multimodal exercise intervention in supervised group sessions. Exercise classes lasted 60 min with the goal of two participations a week. We assessed physical fitness (timed up and go test [TUG], 6-minute walking test [6MWT], single leg stance), depressive symptoms and cognitive functions, and we determined growth factors (BDNF & IGF-1) before and after the intervention to determine the effects and by that, the feasibility of a disease-inclusive exercise program. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to establish changes. RESULTS TUG and 6MWT improved significantly after the training in both HOA (p = .008; p < .001) and individuals with PD (p = .024; p < .001). Furthermore, individuals with PD increased single leg stance left (p = .003). HOA (p = .003) and individuals with PD (p = .001) decreased their depressive symptoms between pre- and post-test significantly. Whereas growth factors tended to improve, no differences in cognitive functions were revealed. CONCLUSION Disease-inclusive multicomponent exercise improved physical functions and reduced depressive symptoms independent of health status. This should encourage exercise providers, researchers, and clinicians to further investigate disease-inclusive exercise, because they may have an important social impact and represent a more inclusive society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Stuckenschneider
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.,Geriatric Medicine, Department for Health Services Research, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Vera Abeln
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tina Foitschik
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Abel
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Cristina Polidori
- Aging Clinical Research, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress-Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko K Strüder
- Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Diaz MM, Custodio N, Montesinos R, Lira D, Herrera-Perez E, Pintado-Caipa M, Cuenca-Alfaro J, Gamboa C, Lanata S. Thyroid Dysfunction, Vitamin B12, and Folic Acid Deficiencies Are Not Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults in Lima, Peru. Front Public Health 2021; 9:676518. [PMID: 34552900 PMCID: PMC8450418 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.676518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Reversible etiologies of cognitive impairment are common and treatable, yet the majority of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia research in Latin America has focused on irreversible, neurodegenerative etiologies. Objective: We sought to determine if thyroid dysfunction and vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are associated with cognitive disorders among older adults with memory complaints in Lima, Peru. Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients who presented for cognitive evaluations to a multidisciplinary neurology clinic in Lima, Peru from January 2014 to February 2020. We included individuals aged ≥60 years, native Spanish-speakers, with at least a primary school educational level and a complete clinical assessment. Patients had either subjective cognitive decline (SCD), MCI, or dementia. One-way ANOVA and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: We included 720 patients (330 SCD, 154 MCI, and 236 dementia); the dementia group was significantly older [mean age SCD 69.7 ± 4.1, dementia 72.4 ± 3.7 (p = 0.000)] and had lower folate levels than SCD patients. The MCI group had higher free T3 levels compared with SCD patients. Those with lower TSH had greater dementia risk (OR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.15-6.86) but not MCI risk in unadjusted models. B12 deficiency or borderline B12 deficiency was present in 34% of the dementia group, yet no clear correlation was seen between neuropsychological test results and B12 levels in our study. There was no association between MCI or dementia and thyroid hormone, B12 nor folate levels in adjusted models. Conclusion: Our findings do not support an association between metabolic and endocrine disorders and cognitive impairment in older Peruvians from Lima despite a high prevalence of B12 deficiency. Future work may determine if cognitive decline is associated with metabolic or endocrine changes in Latin America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Diaz
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nilton Custodio
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
| | - Rosa Montesinos
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Servicio de Rehabilitación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
| | - David Lira
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
| | - Eder Herrera-Perez
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de investigación Molident, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Maritza Pintado-Caipa
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Atlantic Fellow, Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jose Cuenca-Alfaro
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Servicio de Neuropsicología, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Gamboa
- Unidad de Diagnóstico de Deterioro Cognitivo y Prevención de Demencia, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
- Servicio de Neuropsicología, Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Peru
| | - Serggio Lanata
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Dementia is an eurodegenerative disorder, which causes significant disability, especially among the elderly population worldwide. The affected person shows a progressive cognitive decline, which interferes with the independence in performing the activities of daily living. Other than the cognitive domain, the patient tends to have neuropsychiatric, behavioral, sensorimotor, speech, and language-related issues. It is expected that the global burden of the disease will rise with more people entering the geriatric age group. By 2050 close, to 140 million people will be living with one or the other type of dementia. Alzheimer's disease contributes to more than 60% of cases worldwide, followed by vascular dementia. Pharmacotherapy has a limited role to play in the treatment, and at present, no drug is available, which can halt or reverse the progress of the disease. World Health Organization has mandated rehabilitation as a core recommendation in the global action plan on the public health response to dementia. Rehabilitation services are widely recognized as a practical framework to maximize independence and community participation in dementia care. The rehabilitation program is customized to achieve the desired goals, as each person has different experiences, preferences, motivations, strengths, and requirements based on type, course, and severity of the illness. It is an interdisciplinary-team approach with the involvement of several health care professionals. This article reviews the existing literature and outlines the effective rehabilitation strategies concisely in dementia care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Gupta
- Dept. of Neurological Rehabilitation, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen B Prakash
- Dept. of Neurological Rehabilitation, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gourav Sannyasi
- Dept. of Neurological Rehabilitation, NIMHANS, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li Y, Wang R, Li Q, Wang YJ, Guo J. Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Perspectives. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:963-976. [PMID: 34366348 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive function. Amyloid-β protein accumulation is believed to be the key pathological hallmark of AD. Increasing evidence has shown that the gut microbiota has a role in brain function and host behaviors. The gut microbiota regulates the bidirectional interactions between the gut and brain through neural, endocrine, and immune pathways. With increasing age, the gut microbiota diversity decreases, and the dominant bacteria change, which is closely related to systemic inflammation and health status. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is related to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impacts of the gut microbiota on brain function and the development of AD. It is a feasible target for therapeutic invention. Modulating the composition of the gut microbiota through diet, physical activity or probiotic/prebiotic supplements can provide new prevention and treatment options for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Center for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Papageorgiou SG, Piperi C. APOE Genotype and Alzheimer's Disease: The Influence of Lifestyle and Environmental Factors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2749-2764. [PMID: 34275270 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with obscure pathogenesis and no disease-modifying therapy to date. AD is multifactorial disease that develops from the complex interplay of genetic factors and environmental exposures. The E4 allele of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the most common genetic risk factor for AD, whereas the E2 allele acts in a protective manner. A growing amount of epidemiological evidence suggests that several lifestyle habits and environmental factors may interact with APOE alleles to synergistically affect the risk of AD development. Among them, physical exercise, dietary habits including fat intake and ketogenic diet, higher education, traumatic brain injury, cigarette smoking, coffee consumption, alcohol intake, and exposure to pesticides and sunlight have gained increasing attention. Although the current evidence is inconsistent, it seems that younger APOE4 carriers in preclinical stages may benefit mostly from preventive lifestyle interventions, whereas older APOE4 noncarriers with dementia may show the most pronounced effects. The large discrepancies between the epidemiological studies may be attributed to differences in the sample sizes, the demographic characteristics of the participants, including age and sex, the methodological design, and potential related exposures and comorbidities as possible cofounding factors. In this Review, we aim to discuss available evidence of the prominent APOE genotype-environment interactions in regard to cognitive decline with a focus on AD, providing an overview of the current landscape in this field and suggesting future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sindi S, Kåreholt I, Ngandu T, Rosenberg A, Kulmala J, Johansson L, Wetterberg H, Skoog J, Sjöberg L, Wang H, Fratiglioni L, Skoog I, Kivipelto M. Sex differences in dementia and response to a lifestyle intervention: Evidence from Nordic population-based studies and a prevention trial. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1166-1178. [PMID: 34255432 PMCID: PMC8361986 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence on sex differences in the risk for dementia has been mixed. The goal was to assess sex differences in the development of dementia, and in the effects of a lifestyle intervention. METHODS Two strategies were adopted, one using combined data from three large Nordic population-based cohort studies (n = 2289), adopting dementia as outcome, and 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention (n = 1260), adopting cognitive change as outcome. RESULTS There was higher risk for dementia after age 80 years in women. The positive effects of the lifestyle intervention on cognition did not significantly differ between men and women. Sex-specific analyses suggested that different vascular, lifestyle, and psychosocial risk factors are important for women and men in mid- and late-life. CONCLUSION Women had higher risk for dementia among the oldest individuals. Lifestyle interventions may be effectively implemented among older men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Sindi
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchKarolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research UnitSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ingemar Kåreholt
- Aging Research CenterKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Institute of GerontologySchool of Health and WelfareAging Research Network – Jönköping (ARN‐J)Jönköping UniversityJönköpingSweden
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Public Health Promotion UnitNational Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Anna Rosenberg
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and Institute of Clinical MedicineNeurologyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Jenni Kulmala
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchKarolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Public Health Promotion UnitNational Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinkiFinland
| | - Lena Johansson
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyCenter for Health and Ageing AGECAPSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Hanna Wetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyCenter for Health and Ageing AGECAPSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Johan Skoog
- Department of PsychologyCenter for Health and Ageing (AGECAP)University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Linnea Sjöberg
- Aging Research CenterKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Hui‐Xin Wang
- Aging Research CenterKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Stress Research InstituteStockholom UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research CenterKarolinska Institutet and Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research CenterStockholmSweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyCenter for Health and Ageing AGECAPSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical GeriatricsCenter for Alzheimer ResearchKarolinska Institutet and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research UnitSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition and Institute of Clinical MedicineNeurologyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Theme AgingKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Otsuka S, Sakakima H, Tani A, Nakanishi K, Takada S, Norimatsu K, Maejima H, Maruyama I. Effects of detraining on preconditioning exercise-induced neuroprotective potential after ischemic stroke in rats. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2169-2180. [PMID: 34114048 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02317-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Preconditioning exercise prior to stroke exerts neuroprotection, which is an endogenous strategy that leads the brain cells to express several intrinsic factors and inhibits their apoptosis. However, it is unclear how long these benefits last after exercise cessation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining on preconditioning exercise-induced neuroprotective potential after stroke. Rats were trained using a treadmill for aerobic exercise 5 days each week for 3 weeks, and their neuroprotective effects were examined until 3 weeks after exercise cessation. Stroke was induced by 60 min of left middle cerebral artery occlusion at 3 days, 1, 2, and 3 weeks after exercise cessation. Infarct volume, neurological deficits, sensorimotor function, expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and P2X7 receptors, and apoptosis activity were examined using immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. Preconditioning exercise significantly reduced infarct volume and ameliorated sensorimotor function after stroke, and its beneficial effects were observed until 2 weeks after exercise cessation. The expression level of BDNF in the ischemic brain was significantly upregulated at 3 days after exercise cessation; however, the expression levels of HIF-1α, GFAP, and P2X7 receptor were significantly increased until 2 weeks after exercise cessation; thereby, significant anti-apoptotic effects were lost at 3 weeks of detraining. Our findings suggest that preconditioning exercise-induced neuroprotective potential may be lost shortly after exercise cessation. Neuroprotection through intrinsic protective factors, such as BDNF and HIF-1α, may provide different neuroprotective mechanisms in a time-dependent manner during detraining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Otsuka
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.
| | - Akira Tani
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Seiya Takada
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Norimatsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maejima
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Marques-Aleixo I, Beleza J, Sampaio A, Stevanović J, Coxito P, Gonçalves I, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Physical Exercise in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:674-693. [PMID: 32159378 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The prevalence and incidence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) tend to increase along with the enhanced average of the world life expectancy. NDDs are a major cause of morbidity and disability, affecting the health care, social and economic systems with a significant impact. Critical Issues and Recent Advances: Despite the worldwide burden of NDDs and the ongoing research efforts to increase the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in NDD pathophysiologies, pharmacological therapies have been presenting merely narrow benefits. On the contrary, absent of detrimental side effects but growing merits, regular physical exercise (PE) has been considered a prone pleiotropic nonpharmacological alternative able to modulate brain structure and function, thereby stimulating a healthier and "fitness" neurological phenotype. Future Directions: This review summarizes the state of the art of some peripheral and central-related mechanisms that underlie the impact of PE on brain plasticity as well as its relevance for the prevention and/or treatment of NDDs. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to better clarify the molecular signaling pathways associated with muscle contractions-related myokines release and its plausible positive effects in the brain. In addition, particular focus of research should address the role of PE in the modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress in the context of NDDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Marques-Aleixo
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports, Lusofona University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaldina Sampaio
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jelena Stevanović
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Center in Physical Activity Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zabetian-Targhi F, Srikanth VK, Beare R, Breslin M, Moran C, Wang W, Wu F, Smith KJ, Callisaya ML. The association between physical activity intensity, cognition and brain structure in people with type 2 diabetes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:2047-2053. [PMID: 33687062 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and dementia. However, it is unknown if physical activity (PA) intensity is associated with brain health in people with T2D. Therefore, this study aimed to determine 1) associations between PA intensity and step count with both cognition and brain structure and 2) if apolipoprotein E-ε4 (APOE-ε4) or insulin-therapy modifies any associations. METHODS Participants were people with T2D (n=220; aged 55-86 years). An accelerometer worn over the left hip was used to obtain step count and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) averaged over 7 days. Cognition in 7 domains was obtained using a battery of neuropsychological tests. Brain structure was measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Linear regression models were used to examine associations between step count, MVPA and each cognitive and MRI measure. APOE-ε4 x PA and insulin-therapy x PA product terms were added to the models to examine effect modification. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 67.9 (SD 6.3). Higher step count was associated with greater hippocampal volume (β=0.028 95%CI 0.005, 0.051). Insulin-therapy modified the association between MVPA and attention-processing speed, such that associations were significant in people receiving insulin-therapy (P for interaction=0.019). There were no other significant associations. CONCLUSIONS Higher step count and greater time spent in MVPA may be associated with better hippocampal volume and attention-processing speed respectively in people with T2D. People with greater diabetes severity (receiving insulin-therapy) may get more cognitive benefit from MVPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Zabetian-Targhi
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Velandai K Srikanth
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Beare
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monique Breslin
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Chris Moran
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Aged Care, Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Feitong Wu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kylie J Smith
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michele L Callisaya
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Guerrero Barragán A, Lucumí D, Lawlor B. Association of Leisure Activities With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults in Colombia: A SABE-Based Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:629251. [PMID: 33732207 PMCID: PMC7956952 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.629251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational and interventional studies suggest that participation in leisure activities may help protect against cognitive decline in older people. This study aimed to examine the association between participation in leisure activities and cognitive impairment in older adults in Colombia. Data for this study were derived from the Colombian National Survey of Aging (SABE 2015), a cross-sectional survey with a sample size of 23,694 older adults representing the total population (mean age, 70.8 years; 57.3% females). Cognitive impairment was classified as cognitive impairment without dementia (CIWD) and dementia, according to the revised version of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination and the Lawton and Brody functional scale. Leisure activities were evaluated using six items of a questionnaire. Sex-stratified multinomial regression models were used to analyze the association of leisure activities with CIWD and dementia after adjusting for educational attainment, literacy, and other potential confounders. In adjusted models for men, leisure activities in later life were associated with a decreased risk of CIWD (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.78) and dementia (OR, 0,52; 95% CI, 0.48-0.58). For women, leisure activities in later life were associated with a decreased risk of CIWD (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66-0.78) and dementia (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.43-0.53). The findings suggest that greater participation in leisure activities in later life may act as a protective factor against CIWD and dementia among older adults in Colombia, independent of educational attainment and literacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Guerrero Barragán
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Escuela de Gobierno, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Unidad de Servicios de Salud Occidente de Kennedy, Servicio de Neurología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Lucumí
- Escuela de Gobierno, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Krell-Roesch J, Syrjanen JA, Bezold J, Trautwein S, Barisch-Fritz B, Boes K, Woll A, Forzani E, Kremers WK, Machulda MM, Mielke MM, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Vassilaki M, Geda YE. Physical Activity and Trajectory of Cognitive Change in Older Persons: Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 79:377-388. [PMID: 33216032 PMCID: PMC7839815 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between physical activity (PA) and cognitive trajectories in older adults. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between PA and change in memory, language, attention, visuospatial skills, and global cognition, and a potential impact of sex or Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 status. METHODS Longitudinal study derived from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, including 2,060 cognitively unimpaired males and females aged ≥70 years. Engagement in midlife (ages 50-65) and late-life (last year) PA was assessed using a questionnaire. Neuropsychological testing was done every 15 months (mean follow-up 5.8 years). We ran linear mixed-effect models to examine whether mid- or late-life PA at three intensities (mild, moderate, vigorous) was associated with cognitive z-scores. RESULTS Light intensity midlife PA was associated with less decline in memory function compared to the no-PA reference group (time x light PA; estimate [standard error] 0.047 [0.016], p = 0.004). Vigorous late-life PA was associated with less decline in language (0.033 [0.015], p = 0.030), attention (0.032 [0.017], p = 0.050), and global cognition (0.039 [0.016], p = 0.012). Females who were physically inactive in midlife experienced more pronounced cognitive decline than females physically active in midlife and males regardless of PA (p-values for time interaction terms with midlife PA levels and sex were all p < 0.05 for global cognition). APOE ɛ4 carriership did not moderate the association between PA and cognition. CONCLUSION Engaging in PA, particularly of vigorous intensity in late-life, was associated with less pronounced decline in global and domain-specific cognition. This association may differ by sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Krell-Roesch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Jelena Bezold
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sandra Trautwein
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bettina Barisch-Fritz
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Klaus Boes
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Erica Forzani
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Walter K. Kremers
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary M. Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michelle M. Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Ronald C. Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maria Vassilaki
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yonas E. Geda
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wu W, Zhao Q, Xiao Z, Liang X, Luo J, Ding D. Association of combined engagement in cognitive and physical activity with domain-specific cognitive function: The Shanghai Aging Study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:116-126. [PMID: 32815190 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association of the combined engagement in cognitive activity (CA) and physical activity (PA) with domain-specific cognition in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS We analysed data from 3192 dementia-free participants aged ≥50 years in the Shanghai Aging Study. CA was assessed using Shanghai Cognitive Activities Scale. PA was determined based on questionnaires and further transformed into metabolic equivalent values. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression models to estimate the β and odds ratio of CA, PA, or combined CA and PA and each neuropsychological test. RESULTS A high level of CA was associated with a better performance in most of the tests, except for the conflicting instructions task (CIT) and stick test (ST). In contrast, PA displayed no significant associations with any test. Engagement in high CA and high PA was associated with the best performance in Mini-Mental State Examination, recall in ST, categorisation in Modified Common Objects Sorting Test (MCOST), immediate recall, delayed recall, and recognition in Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Participants with "high CA and low PA" had the lowest risk of impairment in Go/No-Go correct tapping in CIT, rotate in ST, item naming, and category naming in MCOST, Trail Making Test (TMT)-A, and TMT-B. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that engagement in both high CA and high PA may be the most efficacious way to maintain various domains of cognition. A higher level of CA may help to preserve cognition among older individuals who have difficulties in performing PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Wu
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhua Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxu Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoniu Liang
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Luo
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Does APOE genotype moderate the relationship between physical activity, brain health and dementia risk? A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101173. [PMID: 32961338 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For decades, researchers have tried to understand the moderating effect of APOE ε4 carriage on the relationship between physical activity (PA), brain health and dementia risk. However, this field has produced inconsistent findings. METHOD We conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching for observational and interventional studies examining the effect of APOE ε4 carriage on the relationships between PA, dementia risk and different markers of brain health. RESULTS Observational studies using dementia risk as a primary outcome measure generally found that in shorter follow-up periods (up to 10 years) both APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers benefit from PA, although longer follow-ups showed mixed results. In neuroimaging studies, mainly carriers or both groups showed benefits. Additionally, the association between PA and amyloid burden was more evident among carriers. Overall, studies with greater samples of active APOE ε4 carriers are more likely to report benefits within this group in terms of lower dementia risk and reduced brain pathology. DISCUSSION Although we have identified some patterns for the modulating effect of APOE ε4 on PA and dementia or brain pathology, the available data is, overall, inconclusive. Heterogeneity in study design, methodology, and outcomes blur the ability to detect clear associations.
Collapse
|
47
|
Liang Y, Ngandu T, Laatikainen T, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J, Kivipelto M, Qiu C. Cardiovascular health metrics from mid- to late-life and risk of dementia: A population-based cohort study in Finland. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003474. [PMID: 33320852 PMCID: PMC7737898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Very few studies have explored the patterns of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics in midlife and late life in relation to risk of dementia. We examined the associations of composite CVH metrics from midlife to late life with risk of incident dementia. METHODS AND FINDINGS This cohort study included 1,449 participants from the Finnish Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia (CAIDE) study, who were followed from midlife (baseline from1972 to 1987; mean age 50.4 years; 62.1% female) to late life (1998), and then 744 dementia-free survivors were followed further into late life (2005 to 2008). We defined and scored global CVH metrics based on 6 of the 7 components (i.e., smoking, physical activity, and body mass index [BMI] as behavioral CVH metrics; fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and blood pressure as biological CVH metrics) following the modified American Heart Association (AHA)'s recommendations. Then, the composite global, behavioral, and biological CVH metrics were categorized into poor, intermediate, and ideal levels. Dementia was diagnosed following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. Data were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards and the Fine and Gray competing risk regression models. During the follow-up examinations, dementia was diagnosed in 61 persons in 1998 and additional 47 persons in 2005 to 2008. The fully adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of dementia was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43, 1.16; p = 0.174) and 0.52 (0.29, 0.93; p = 0.027) for midlife intermediate and ideal levels (versus poor level) of global CVH metrics, respectively; the corresponding figures for late-life global CVH metrics were 0.60 (0.22, 1.69; p = 0.338) and 0.91 (0.34, 2.41; p = 0.850). Compared with poor global CVH metrics in both midlife and late life, the fully adjusted HR of dementia was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.86; p = 0.028) for people with intermediate global CVH metrics in both midlife and late life and 0.14 (0.02, 0.76; p = 0.024) for those with midlife ideal and late-life intermediate global CVH metrics. Having an intermediate or ideal level of behavioral CVH in both midlife and late life (versus poor level in both midlife and late life) was significantly associated with a lower dementia risk (HR range: 0.03 to 0.26; p < 0.05), whereas people with midlife intermediate and late-life ideal biological CVH metrics had a significantly increased risk of dementia (p = 0.031). Major limitations of this study include the lack of data on diet and midlife plasma glucose, high rate of attrition, as well as the limited power for certain subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that having the ideal CVH metrics, and ideal behavioral CVH metrics in particular, from midlife onwards is associated with a reduced risk of dementia as compared with people having poor CVH metrics. Maintaining life-long health behaviors may be crucial to reduce late-life risk of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Liang
- Aging Research Center & Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics & Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun Sote), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Neurocenter, Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics & Center for Alzheimer Research, NVS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Stockholms Sjukhem, Research and Development Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (MK); (CQ)
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Aging Research Center & Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (MK); (CQ)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hua CL, Brown JS. Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Physical Activity in Later Life: The Role of Perceived Neighborhood Cohesion and Wealth in Adulthood. J Appl Gerontol 2020; 41:506-514. [PMID: 33158385 DOI: 10.1177/0733464820969312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature indicates that perceived neighborhood social cohesion is related to later life physical activity. However, there is no research that examines the role of childhood socioeconomic status (SES) in shaping this relationship. We use data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2016; N = 8,754) and a structural equation modeling approach to examine whether perceived neighborhood social cohesion and adulthood wealth mediate the relationship between childhood SES and physical activity. Perceived neighborhood social cohesion and adulthood wealth have small but statistically significant mediational effects in the relationship between childhood SES and physical activity. Research on the relationship between health and place should consider the potential impact of childhood circumstances on the neighborhood one lives in during adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Hua
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Besser LM, Hirsch J, Galvin JE, Renne J, Park J, Evenson KR, Kaufman JD, Fitzpatrick AL. Associations between neighborhood park space and cognition in older adults vary by US location: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Health Place 2020; 66:102459. [PMID: 33045671 PMCID: PMC8274384 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We used cross-sectional Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis data from six US cities/counties and adjusted multilevel linear regression to examine park space-cognition associations among non-demented older adults (n = 4084). We found that greater neighborhood park space 1-mile around the residence (measured continuously) was associated with better processing speed in the overall sample (estimate: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.92). However, greater neighborhood park space (½-mile around residence) was associated with worse global cognition in Los Angeles, California (estimate: -2.66; 95% CI: -4.70, -0.62) and worse processing speed in Forsyth County, North Carolina (estimate: -0.72; 95% CI: -1.37, -0.08). Dichotomizing at the mean, having ≥6% park space (½-mile around residence) was associated with better global cognition in Saint Paul, Minnesota (estimate: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.38), and better processing speed in New York City (estimate: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.35). Park space-cognition associations varied by city/county, suggesting problems with pooling multiple sites without accounting for geographic context or regionally-varying park characteristics (e.g., quality).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilah M Besser
- Institute for Human Health and Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, SO-284H, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Jana Hirsch
- Urban Health Collaborative and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St, Room 706, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - James E Galvin
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - John Renne
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, SO-284, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Juyoung Park
- Phyllis and Harvey Sandler School of Social Work, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd, SO-319, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of NC-Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin St, Building C, Suite 410, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Departments of Family Medicine, Epidemiology, and Global Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NW, Suite 308, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Swimming exercise improves cognitive and behavioral disorders in male NMRI mice with sporadic Alzheimer-like disease. Physiol Behav 2020; 223:113003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|