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Sandström J, Bomanson J, Pérez-Tenorio G, Jönsson C, Nordenskjöld B, Fornander T, Lindström LS, Stål O. GATA3 and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition predict long-term benefit from tamoxifen in ER-positive breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:78. [PMID: 39242600 PMCID: PMC11379893 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is essential for normal development of the mammary gland and associated with ER-positive breast cancer. Loss of GATA3 has been associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in experimental studies. We investigated tumoral GATA3 in a cohort of postmenopausal patients with lymph-node negative breast cancer, randomized to adjuvant tamoxifen or control. Nuclear GATA3 expression was assessed with immunohistochemistry and GATA3 gene expression with Agilent microarrays. High GATA3 nuclear expression was associated with a lower rate of distant recurrence in ER-positive breast cancer (HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.93). Low gene expression of GATA3 was associated with limited long-term benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen (interaction: p = 0.033). GATA3 gene expression was associated with the epithelial markers CDH1 (E-cadherin) and FOXA1, whereas negatively associated with several mesenchymal markers. Low expression of CDH1 was associated with marginal tamoxifen benefit (HR = 0.80 (0.43-1.49)), whereas patients with higher expression showed a significant benefit (HR = 0.33 (0.20-0.55), interaction: p = 0.029). In ER-positive breast cancer, diminished expression of GATA3 is associated with markers of EMT and poor long-term benefit from tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Sandström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Department of Oncology, 581 83 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jens Bomanson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Department of Oncology, 581 83 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gizeh Pérez-Tenorio
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Department of Oncology, 581 83 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Carolin Jönsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Department of Oncology, 581 83 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bo Nordenskjöld
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Department of Oncology, 581 83 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tommy Fornander
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda S Lindström
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Breast Center, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Stål
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Department of Oncology, 581 83 Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Zhan H, Fineberg S, Podany P, Zeng J, Wang Y, Harigopal M, Singh K. Pathological response in mucinous carcinoma of breast after neoadjuvant therapy - a multi-institutional study. Hum Pathol 2023; 142:15-19. [PMID: 37972873 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Although mucinous carcinoma (MC) is considered a favorable histologic subtype of invasive breast cancer (BC), a subset of MC is managed with neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). The clinical and pathologic features of MC following NAT are not well characterized. The aim of this study is to characterize pathologic response in patients with MC treated with NAT, including neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), and Herceptin-targeted NCT (H-NCT). We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 28 patients with MC who received preoperative adjuvant therapy followed by resection from three institutions between 2010 and 2020. Demographic and clinical information were retrieved from the medical records. Pathologic review of the post NAT resection specimens was performed including tumor grading, tumor size, staging, residual tumor cellularity, estrogen receptor (ER) and HER2 status. Nine (32 %) patients with ER+/HER2- MC received NET, 8 (29 %) ER+/HER2- MC were treated with NCT only and 11 (39 %) HER2+ MC received HER2-targeted NCT (H-NCT). The HER2+ MC patients were younger (45 vs. 64 years; p = 0.006). The HER2+ MC were of higher grade (p = 0.03) and more likely to be multifocal (p = 0.008). Only 2 of 28 (7 %) MC (both HER2+) showed complete pathologic response with residual acellular mucin pools. Persistent mass-forming mucin pools were present in 26 (93 %) cases. The residual tumor cellularity was markedly reduced (≤5 %) in H-NCT treated MC (11/11, 100 %), followed by NET group (6/9, 67 %) and NCT only group (4/8, 50 %) (p = 0.011). Similarly, a higher rate of pathologic response (pCR/RCB-I) was observed in H-NCT (7/11, 64 %), followed by NET group (5/9, 56 %), and NCT only group (1/7, 13 %) (p = 0.053). Post-therapy, all HER2+ MC were smaller than 2 cm and ypT size was significantly smaller in H-NCT group (11/11, 100 %) versus combined NET (5/9, 55 %) and NCT only groups (4/8, 50 %) (p = 0.029). We conclude that ER-/HER2+ and ER+/HER2-mucinous carcinomas of the breast show robust pathological response to neoadjuvant HER2 targeted and endocrine therapy, respectively. Our findings suggest that MC may show good response to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zhan
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susan Fineberg
- Montefiore Medical Center, Department of Pathology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Podany
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Zeng
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Pathology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yihong Wang
- Brown University Rhode Island Hospital, Department of Pathology, RI, USA
| | - Malini Harigopal
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Singh
- Brown University Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Department of Pathology, RI, USA.
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Chekhun V, Martynyuk О, Lukianova Y, Mushii O, Zadvornyi T, Lukianova N. FEATURES OF BREAST CANCER IN PATIENTS OF YOUNG AGE: SEARCH FOR DIAGNOSIS OPTIMIZATION AND PERSONALIZED TREATMENT. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:139-150. [PMID: 37824778 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.02.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The statistical data of the recent decades demonstrate a rapid growth of breast cancer (BCa) incidence and a tendency toward its increase especially in young women. In the structure of morbidity of women in the age group of 18-29 years, BCa ranks first and in the age range of 15-39 years, BCa is one of the leading causes of mortality. According to the data of the epidemiological and clinical studies, the young age is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor of BCa that is associated with an unfavorable prognosis and low survival rates and is considered an important predictor of the disease aggressiveness, a high risk of metastasis and recurrence. The variability of clinicopathological and molecular-biological features of BCa in patients of different age groups as well as the varying course of the disease and different responses to the therapy are mediated by many factors. The analysis of the literature data on the factors and mechanisms of BCa initiation in patients of different age groups demonstrates that the pathogen- esis of BCa depends not only on the molecular-genetic alterations but also on the metabolic disorders caused by the current social and household rhythm of life and nutrition peculiarities. All these factors affect both the general con- dition of the body and the formation of an aggressive microenvironment of the tumor lesion. The identified features of transcriptome and the differential gene expression give evidence of different regulations of the immune response and the metabolic processes in BCa patients of different age groups. Association between the high expression of the components of the stromal microenvironment and the inflammatory immune infiltrate as well as the increased vascu- larization of the tumor lesion has been found in BCa tissue of young patients. Proving the nature of the formation of the landscape comprising molecular-genetic, cytokine, and immune factors of the tumor microenvironment will undoubtedly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of tumor growth allowing for the development of algorithms for delineating the groups at high risk of tumor progression, which requires more careful monitoring and personalized treatment approach. Th s will be helpful in the development of innovative technologies for complex BCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chekhun
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - О Martynyuk
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ye Lukianova
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O Mushii
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - T Zadvornyi
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - N Lukianova
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
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Vellichirammal NN, Tan YD, Xiao P, Eudy J, Shats O, Kelly D, Desler M, Cowan K, Guda C. The mutational landscape of a US Midwestern breast cancer cohort reveals subtype-specific cancer drivers and prognostic markers. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:64. [PMID: 37454130 PMCID: PMC10349437 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA. The heterogeneity in the tumor morphology across the cohort and within patients can lead to unpredictable therapy resistance, metastasis, and clinical outcome. Hence, supplementing classic pathological markers with intrinsic tumor molecular markers can help identify novel molecular subtypes and the discovery of actionable biomarkers. METHODS We conducted a large multi-institutional genomic analysis of paired normal and tumor samples from breast cancer patients to profile the complex genomic architecture of breast tumors. Long-term patient follow-up, therapeutic regimens, and treatment response for this cohort are documented using the Breast Cancer Collaborative Registry. The majority of the patients in this study were at tumor stage 1 (51.4%) and stage 2 (36.3%) at the time of diagnosis. Whole-exome sequencing data from 554 patients were used for mutational profiling and identifying cancer drivers. RESULTS We identified 54 tumors having at least 1000 mutations and 185 tumors with less than 100 mutations. Tumor mutational burden varied across the classified subtypes, and the top ten mutated genes include MUC4, MUC16, PIK3CA, TTN, TP53, NBPF10, NBPF1, CDC27, AHNAK2, and MUC2. Patients were classified based on seven biological and tumor-specific parameters, including grade, stage, hormone receptor status, histological subtype, Ki67 expression, lymph node status, race, and mutational profiles compared across different subtypes. Mutual exclusion of mutations in PIK3CA and TP53 was pronounced across different tumor grades. Cancer drivers specific to each subtype include TP53, PIK3CA, CDC27, CDH1, STK39, CBFB, MAP3K1, and GATA3, and mutations associated with patient survival were identified in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS This extensive study has revealed tumor burden, driver genes, co-occurrence, mutual exclusivity, and survival effects of mutations on a US Midwestern breast cancer cohort, paving the way for developing personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan-De Tan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - James Eudy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Oleg Shats
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - David Kelly
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Michelle Desler
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Kenneth Cowan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Innovation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA.
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de Medeiros Souza P, Carvalho FM, Aguiar FN, Gagliato D, de Barros ACSD. Association Between GATA3 and Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Parameters in Early-Infiltrating Breast Carcinomas. Eur J Breast Health 2022; 18:229-234. [DOI: 10.4274/ejbh.galenos.2022.2022-3-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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SOX4-mediated FBW7 transcriptional upregulation confers Tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancers via GATA3 downregulation. Life Sci 2022; 303:120682. [PMID: 35662647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tamoxifen-mediated endocrine therapy has been standard treatment for ER+ breast cancers; however, majority of them acquire resistance leading to disease relapse. Although numerous substrates of E3 ligase FBW7 are known, only a handful of factors that regulate FBW7 expression and function are reported. In particular, there remains a lack of in-depth understanding of FBW7 transcriptional regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Luciferase reporter assay was performed after cloning full length and truncated FBW7 promoters followed by Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to validate binding of SOX4 on FBW7 promoter. Transcriptional regulation of FBW7 by SOX4 and their biological consequences with respect to ER+ breast cancer was then evaluated using immunoblotting and other cell based assays. KEY FINDINGS SOX4 positively regulates FBW7 at transcriptional level by binding to three putative SOX4 biding sites within 3.1 kb long FBW7 promoter. Analysis of publicly available RNAseq datasets also showed a positive correlation between SOX4 and FBW7 mRNA in cancer cell lines and patient samples. qPCR and Immunoblotting confirmed that transiently or stably expressed SOX4 induced both endogenous FBW7 mRNA and protein levels. Our findings further demonstrated that increased levels of SOX4 and FBW7 in MCF7 mammospheres promoted cancer stemness and tumor cell dormancy. We further showed that both MCF7 mammospheres and MCFTAMR cells had elevated SOX4 levels which apparently enhanced FBW7 to potentiate GATA3 degradation leading to enhanced stemness, tumor dormancy and Tamoxifen resistance in MCF7TAMR as well as patients with ER+ breast cancers. SIGNIFICANCE Targeting SOX4-FBW7-GATA3 axis may overcome tamoxifen resistance in ER+ breast cancers.
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Valentini S, Gandolfi F, Carolo M, Dalfovo D, Pozza L, Romanel A. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:1335-1350. [PMID: 35061909 PMCID: PMC8860573 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, many studies were able to identify associations between common genetic variants and complex diseases. However, the mechanistic biological links explaining these associations are still mostly unknown. Common variants are usually associated with a relatively small effect size, suggesting that interactions among multiple variants might be a major genetic component of complex diseases. Hence, elucidating the presence of functional relations among variants may be fundamental to identify putative variants’ interactions. To this aim, we developed Polympact, a web-based resource that allows to explore functional relations among human common variants by exploiting variants’ functional element landscape, their impact on transcription factor binding motifs, and their effect on transcript levels of protein-coding genes. Polympact characterizes over 18 million common variants and allows to explore putative relations by combining clustering analysis and innovative similarity and interaction network models. The properties of the network models were studied and the utility of Polympact was demonstrated by analysing the rich sets of Breast Cancer and Alzheimer's GWAS variants. We identified relations among multiple variants, suggesting putative interactions. Polympact is freely available at bcglab.cibio.unitn.it/polympact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Valentini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Gandolfi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mattia Carolo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Dalfovo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lara Pozza
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romanel
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +39 0461 285217; Fax: +39 0461 283937;
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Querzoli P, Pedriali M, Rinaldi R, Secchiero P, Rossi PG, Kuhn E. GATA3 as an Adjunct Prognostic Factor in Breast Cancer Patients with Less Aggressive Disease: A Study with a Review of the Literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:604. [PMID: 33800667 PMCID: PMC8066261 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) expression is positively correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression, but its prognostic value as an independent factor remains unclear. Thus, we undertook the current study to evaluate the expression of GATA3 and its prognostic value in a large series of breast carcinomas (BCs) with long-term follow-up. METHODS A total of 702 consecutive primary invasive BCs resected between 1989 and 1993 in our institution were arranged in tissue microarrays, immunostained for ER, progesterone receptor (PR), ki-67, HER2, p53, and GATA3, and scored. Clinico-pathological data were retrospectively collected. RESULTS GATA3 was evaluable in 608 (87%) of the 702 cases; it was positive in 413 (68%) cases and negative in 195 (32%) cases. GATA3 positivity was significantly associated with lower grade (p < 0.0001), size (p = 0.0463), stage (p = 0.0049), ER+ (p < 0.0001), PR+ (p < 0.0001), HER2- (p = 0.0175), and p53 wild-type pattern (p < 0.0001). The median follow-up was 183 months, GATA3 positivity was associated with better overall survival (HR 0.70, p = 0.001), and its prognostic value was retained in a multivariate analysis. The association with better overall survival was stronger in patients with grade 1-2, pT1-2, pN0, stage I-II, ER+, PR+, ki-67 < 20%, HER2-, a wild-type p53 immunohistochemical pattern, and in luminal B BC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that GATA3 is a positive prognostic marker in BC patients, especially in patients with biologically less aggressive BC. Incorporating GATA3 immunohistochemistry into routine practice could help further stratify BC patients for their risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Querzoli
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (P.Q.); (M.P.)
| | - Massimo Pedriali
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy; (P.Q.); (M.P.)
| | - Rosa Rinaldi
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, ASST Mantova, Ospedale Carlo Poma, 46100 Mantova, Italy;
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Surgery and Experimental Medicine and Interdepartmental Center of Technology of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Paolo Giorgi Rossi
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Kuhn
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Terkelsen T, Russo F, Gromov P, Haakensen VD, Brunak S, Gromova I, Krogh A, Papaleo E. Secreted breast tumor interstitial fluid microRNAs and their target genes are associated with triple-negative breast cancer, tumor grade, and immune infiltration. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:73. [PMID: 32605588 PMCID: PMC7329449 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on tumor-secreted microRNAs point to a functional role of these in cellular communication and reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment. Uptake of tumor-secreted microRNAs by neighboring cells may result in the silencing of mRNA targets and, in turn, modulation of the transcriptome. Studying miRNAs externalized from tumors could improve cancer patient diagnosis and disease monitoring and help to pinpoint which miRNA-gene interactions are central for tumor properties such as invasiveness and metastasis. Methods Using a bioinformatics approach, we analyzed the profiles of secreted tumor and normal interstitial fluid (IF) microRNAs, from women with breast cancer (BC). We carried out differential abundance analysis (DAA), to obtain miRNAs, which were enriched or depleted in IFs, from patients with different clinical traits. Subsequently, miRNA family enrichment analysis was performed to assess whether any families were over-represented in the specific sets. We identified dysregulated genes in tumor tissues from the same cohort of patients and constructed weighted gene co-expression networks, to extract sets of co-expressed genes and co-abundant miRNAs. Lastly, we integrated miRNAs and mRNAs to obtain interaction networks and supported our findings using prediction tools and cancer gene databases. Results Network analysis showed co-expressed genes and miRNA regulators, associated with tumor lymphocyte infiltration. All of the genes were involved in immune system processes, and many had previously been associated with cancer immunity. A subset of these, BTLA, CXCL13, IL7R, LAMP3, and LTB, was linked to the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures and high endothelial venules within tumors. Co-abundant tumor interstitial fluid miRNAs within this network, including miR-146a and miR-494, were annotated as negative regulators of immune-stimulatory responses. One co-expression network encompassed differences between BC subtypes. Genes differentially co-expressed between luminal B and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) were connected with sphingolipid metabolism and predicted to be co-regulated by miR-23a. Co-expressed genes and TIF miRNAs associated with tumor grade were BTRC, CHST1, miR-10a/b, miR-107, miR-301a, and miR-454. Conclusion Integration of IF miRNAs and mRNAs unveiled networks associated with patient clinicopathological traits, and underlined molecular mechanisms, specific to BC sub-groups. Our results highlight the benefits of an integrative approach to biomarker discovery, placing secreted miRNAs within a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilde Terkelsen
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francesco Russo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pavel Gromov
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vilde Drageset Haakensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina Gromova
- Breast Cancer Biology Group, Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Krogh
- Unit of Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Luo Y, Wang X, Ma L, Ma Z, Li S, Fang X, Ma X. Bioinformatics analyses and biological function of lncRNA ZFPM2-AS1 and ZFPM2 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3677-3686. [PMID: 32382322 PMCID: PMC7202276 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most lethal malignant tumors worldwide; however, the etiology of HCC still remains poorly understood. In the present study, cancer-omics databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, GTEx and Gene Expression Omnibus, were systematically analyzed in order to investigate the role of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) zinc finger protein, FOG family member 2-antisense 1 (ZFPM2-AS1) and the zinc finger protein, FOG family member 2 (ZFPM2) gene in the occurrence and progression of HCC. It was identified that the expression levels of lncRNA ZFPM2-AS1 were significantly increased in HCC tissues, whereas expression levels of the ZFPM2 gene were significantly decreased in HCC tissues compared with normal liver tissues. Higher expression levels of ZFPM2-AS1 were significantly associated with a less favorable prognosis of HCC, whereas higher expression levels of the ZFPM2 gene were associated with a more favorable prognosis of HCC. Genetic alterations in the ZFPM2 gene may contribute to a worse prognosis of HCC. Validation of the GSE14520 dataset also demon stared that ZFPM2 gene expression levels were significantly decreased in HCC tissues (P<0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of the ZFPM2 gene indicated high accuracy of this gene in distinguishing between HCC tissues and non-tumor tissues. The areas under the ROC curves were >0.8. Using integrated strategies, the present study demonstrated that lncRNA ZFPM2-AS1 and the ZFPM2 gene may contribute to the occurrence and prognosis of HCC. These findings may provide a novel understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Banan People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 401320, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Shen Li
- The Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- College of Preventive Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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Germline Genetic Variants in GATA3 and Breast Cancer Treatment Outcomes in SWOG S8897 Trial and the Pathways Study. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:225-235.e2. [PMID: 30928413 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GATA3 is a critical transcription factor in maintaining the differentiated state of luminal mammary epithelial cells. We sought to determine the prognostic and predictive roles of GATA3 genotypes for breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 2 breast cancer cohorts, including the SWOG S8897 trial where patients were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (CAF [cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil] vs. CMF [cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil]) or untreated, and the observational Pathways Study. RESULTS In the S8897 trial, rs3802604 and rs568727 were associated with disease-free survival and overall survival in the treated group, regardless of chemotherapy regimen. The GG genotype of rs3802604 conferred poorer overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-4.05) and disease-free survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.99) compared with the AA genotype. Similar associations were found for rs568727. In contrast, no association with either SNP was found in the untreated group. Subgroup analyses indicated that these 2 SNPs more strongly influenced outcomes in the patients who also received tamoxifen. However, the associations in the subgroup with tamoxifen treatment were not replicated in the Pathways Study, possibly owing to substantial differences between the 2 patient cohorts, such as chemotherapy regimen and length of follow-up. Results from joint analyses across these 2 cohorts were marginally significant, driven by the results in S8897. Bioinformatic analyses support potential functional disruption of the GATA3 SNPs in breast tissue. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides some evidence for the predictive value of GATA3 genotypes for breast cancer adjuvant therapies. Future replication studies in appropriate patient populations are warranted.
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12
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Zaidan N, Ottersbach K. The multi-faceted role of Gata3 in developmental haematopoiesis. Open Biol 2018; 8:rsob.180152. [PMID: 30463912 PMCID: PMC6282070 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Gata3 is crucial for the development of several tissues and cell lineages both during development as well as postnatally. This importance is apparent from the early embryonic lethality following germline Gata3 deletion, with embryos displaying a number of phenotypes, and from the fact that Gata3 has been implicated in several cancer types. It often acts at the level of stem and progenitor cells in which it controls the expression of key lineage-determining factors as well as cell cycle genes, thus being one of the main drivers of cell fate choice and tissue morphogenesis. Gata3 is involved at various stages of haematopoiesis both in the adult as well as during development. This review summarizes the various contributions of Gata3 to haematopoiesis with a particular focus on the emergence of the first haematopoietic stem cells in the embryo—a process that appears to be influenced by Gata3 at various levels, thus highlighting the complex nature of Gata3 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Zaidan
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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13
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Zombori T, Cserni G. Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Expression of Breast Markers in Basal-like Breast Carcinomas Defined as Triple Negative Cancers Expressing Keratin 5. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:259-267. [PMID: 28470571 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone receptors are possible markers for suggesting a mammary origin of metastatic carcinoma, but are useless in cases of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). Five other potential markers of breast origin were investigated on tissue microarrays in a series of TNBCs showing keratin 5 expression, consistent with a basal-like phenotype. GATA-3 staining was observed in 82 of 115 triple negative cases (71.3%) including 23 cases with >5% staining. Mammaglobin staining was detected in 30 cases (26.0%) including 12 with >5% staining. GCDFP-15 was seen in 23 cases (20.0%) including 9 with >5% staining. NY-BR-1 positivity was present in 7 cases (6.0%) including 3 patients with >5% staining. BCA-225 staining was observed in 74 cases (64.3%); however this latter marker lacks also specificity owing to the reported widespread staining in other malignancies. GATA-3, mammaglobin and GCDFP-15 coexpression was seen in one case (0.9%), whereas GATA-3 and mammaglobin or mammaglobin and GCDFP-15 coexpression was present in 2 and 2 cases (1.7%), respectively. Using at least 5% staining as cut-off, the expression of any of the last 4 markers was 34.7%. The expression of GATA-3, mammaglobin, GCDFP-15 and NY-BR-1 is lower in TNBC-s than in breast carcinomas in general, and this may be even lower in basal-like carcinomas. Although these markers are not fully specific, by using them, a subset of basal-like TNBC-s can be identified as of mammary origin. However, a substantial proportion will not show any staining with any of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Zombori
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Állomás u. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Állomás u. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
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14
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Li X, Jin J, Yang S, Xu W, Meng X, Deng H, Zhan J, Gao S, Zhang H. GATA3 acetylation at K119 by CBP inhibits cell migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:633-638. [PMID: 29453984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GATA3 is a transcriptional factor involved in the development of multiple organs. Post translational modifications of GATA3 are critical to its function. Here, we report that GATA3 interacts with and is acetylated by the acetyltransferase CBP. Class I deacetylases HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 deacetylate GATA3. The major acetylated site of GATA3 in lung adenocarcinoma cells was determined at lysine 119 (AcK119). Functionally, GATA3-acetylation mimics K119Q mutant was found to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion with concomitant downregulation of EMT-controlling transcriptional factors Slug, Zeb1 and Zeb2. Taken together, we demonstrated that GATA3 acetylation at lysine 119 by CBP hinders the migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Siyuan Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weizhi Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianbin Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Zhan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shan Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostic, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, MOE Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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15
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GATA-3 is superior to GCDFP-15 and mammaglobin to identify primary and metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 169:25-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Gustin JP, Miller J, Farag M, Rosen DM, Thomas M, Scharpf RB, Lauring J. GATA3 frameshift mutation promotes tumor growth in human luminal breast cancer cells and induces transcriptional changes seen in primary GATA3 mutant breast cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103415-103427. [PMID: 29262572 PMCID: PMC5732738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The GATA3 transcription factor is one of the most frequently mutated genes in breast cancer. Heterozygous mutations, mostly frameshifts, are seen in 15% of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers, the subtype in which these mutations are almost exclusively found. Mouse studies have shown that Gata3 is critical for breast development and that GATA3 gene dosage affects breast tumor progression. Human patient data have shown that high Gata3 expression, a feature of luminal subtype breast cancers, is associated with a better prognosis. Although the frequency of GATA3 mutation suggests an important role in breast cancer development or progression, there is little understanding of how mutations in GATA3 affect its function in luminal breast epithelial cells and what gene expression changes result as a consequence of the mutations. Here, using gene editing, we have created two sets of isogenic human luminal breast cancer cell lines with and without a hotspot truncating GATA3 mutation. GATA3 mutation enhanced tumor growth in vivo but did not affect sensitivity to clinically used hormonal therapies or chemotherapeutic agents. We identified genes with upregulated and downregulated expression in GATA3 mutant cells, a subset of which was concordantly differentially expressed in GATA3 mutant primary luminal breast cancers. Addback of mutant GATA3 recapitulated mutation-specific gene expression changes and enhanced soft agar colony formation, suggesting a gain of function for the mutant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Gustin
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jernelle Miller
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mina Farag
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Marc Rosen
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert B Scharpf
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josh Lauring
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Shaoxian T, Baohua Y, Xiaoli X, Yufan C, Xiaoyu T, Hongfen L, Rui B, Xiangjie S, Ruohong S, Wentao Y. Characterisation of GATA3 expression in invasive breast cancer: differences in histological subtypes and immunohistochemically defined molecular subtypes. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:926-934. [PMID: 28428285 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a sensitive and relatively specific marker in breast and urothelial carcinomas. Its diagnostic utility in primary and metastatic breast cancers has been explored and confirmed. However, the relationship between GATA3 expression and different breast carcinoma intrinsic subtypes has not been specifically defined in the literature despite a few reports with a small number of cases. The aim of the current investigation is to clarify GATA3 expression among different histological subtypes and surrogate molecular breast carcinoma subtypes in a large series of cases. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of GATA3, GCDFP15 and mammaglobin was performed in a cohort of 1637 cases of primary invasive breast carcinoma. The association of GATA3 expression with different histological and surrogate intrinsic subtypes was assessed and compared with the expression of GCDFP15 and mammaglobin. RESULTS The overall positivity of GATA3 across the various immunohistochemistry-based surrogate intrinsic subtypes was 99.51% for luminal A-like, 97.70% for luminal B-like, 68.50% for HER2 overexpression and 20.16% for triple negative breast cancers. GATA3 expression was positively correlated with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (luminal subtypes) breast carcinomas. For luminal-like and HER2 overexpression subtypes, GATA3 was much more sensitive than GCDFP15 and mammaglobin. For triple negative tumours, GATA3 was less sensitive than GCDFP15. CONCLUSIONS GATA3 exhibits a relatively high sensitivity for breast carcinomas. It is more sensitive than GCDFP15 and mammaglobin in luminal-like and HER2 overexpression subtypes. GATA3 expression is associated with breast carcinomas of luminal subtype and low histological grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Shaoxian
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Baohua
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Xiaoli
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Yufan
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tu Xiaoyu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Hongfen
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi Rui
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun Xiangjie
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shui Ruohong
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wentao
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Groner AC, Brown M. Role of steroid receptor and coregulator mutations in hormone-dependent cancers. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1126-1135. [PMID: 28368289 PMCID: PMC5373886 DOI: 10.1172/jci88885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones mediate critical lineage-specific developmental and physiologic responses. They function by binding their cognate receptors, which are transcription factors that drive specific gene expression programs. The requirement of most prostate cancers for androgen and most breast cancers for estrogen has led to the development of endocrine therapies that block the action of these hormones in these tumors. While initial endocrine interventions are successful, resistance to therapy often arises. We will review how steroid receptor-dependent genomic signaling is affected by genetic alterations in endocrine therapy resistance. The detailed understanding of these interactions will not only provide improved treatment options to overcome resistance, but, in the future, will also be the basis for implementing precision cancer medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Groner
- Department of Medical Oncology and
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology and
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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ZNF503/ Zpo2 drives aggressive breast cancer progression by down-regulation of GATA3 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3169-3174. [PMID: 28258171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701690114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA3 is the master regulator that drives mammary luminal epithelial cell differentiation and maintains mammary gland homeostasis. Loss of GATA3 is associated with aggressive breast cancer development. We have identified ZNF503/ZEPPO2 zinc-finger elbow-related proline domain protein 2 (ZPO2) as a transcriptional repressor of GATA3 expression and transcriptional activity that induces mammary epithelial cell proliferation and breast cancer development. We show that ZPO2 is recruited to GATA3 promoter in association with ZBTB32 (Repressor of GATA, ROG) and that ZBTB32 is essential for down-regulation of GATA3 via ZPO2. Through this modulation of GATA3 activity, ZPO2 promotes aggressive breast cancer development. Our data provide insight into a mechanism of GATA3 regulation, and identify ZPO2 as a possible candidate gene for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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20
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Cakir A, Isik Gonul I, Ekinci O, Cetin B, Benekli M, Uluoglu O. GATA3 expression and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters in invasive breast carcinomas. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:227-234. [PMID: 28215639 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GATA3, as a transcription factor, is associated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression and necessary for luminal cell differentiation in mammary glands. Association of GATA3 expression with clinicopathological parameters, molecular subtypes of tumors, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) for breast carcinoma patients were evaluated in this study. We immunohistochemically stained GATA3, CK5/6, EGFR, CK14 and vimentin on tissue microarray blocks of 457 invasive breast carcinomas. Tumors are sub-classified as luminal A, luminal B, HER2 expressing, basal-like and null type according to their hormonal status with cerbB2, CK 5/6 and EGFR expressions. Follow-up data for 254 cases were obtained. 215/457 (47%) tumors were GATA3 positive. GATA3 expression was inversely correlated with mitotic count (p<0.0001), nuclear grade (p=0.001), histological grade (p=0.001), tumor necrosis (p=0.001), stromal lymphocytic response (p<0.01), nipple invasion (p=0.01), metastasis (p=0.03), vimentin (p=0.0003), EGFR (p=0.015) and CK14 (p=0.001) expressions; and directly associated with ER (p<0.0001) and progesterone receptor (PR) (p<0.0001) expressions. Luminal A carcinomas had the highest frequency for GATA-3 (140/245), however basal-like carcinomas had the lowest (1/42) (p<0.0001). None of the medullary and metaplastic carcinomas expressed GATA3. GATA3 was associated with good DFS and OS (p=0.001 and p=0.0009) and was an independent prognostic factor for OS. GATA3 expression, regardless of the subtype, may have a prognostic significance for breast carcinomas through its ability to promote the differentiation of luminal progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cakir
- Medipol University, School of Medicine, University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - I Isik Gonul
- Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - O Ekinci
- Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - B Cetin
- Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - M Benekli
- Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Oncology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - O Uluoglu
- Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey.
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21
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The Novel Marker GATA3 is Significantly More Sensitive Than Traditional Markers Mammaglobin and GCDFP15 for Identifying Breast Cancer in Surgical and Cytology Specimens of Metastatic and Matched Primary Tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2016; 24:229-37. [PMID: 25906123 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional markers mammaglobin and GCDFP15 show good specificity but lack sensitivity and can be difficult to interpret in small tissue samples. We undertook a comparative study of the novel nuclear marker GATA3 (expression typically restricted to breast and urothelial carcinomas) and GCDFP15 and mammaglobin. We first compared quantitative mRNA expression levels of these 3 markers across a diverse set of over 6000 tumors and 500 normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas which showed dramatically higher GATA3 expression (>10-fold higher) in breast cancer as compared with GCDFP15 or mammaglobin (both P<2.2e-16), suggesting that GATA3 may represent a more sensitive marker of breast cancer than GCDFP15 or mammaglobin. We next examined protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 166 cases (including surgical and cytology specimens) of metastatic breast carcinoma and 54 cases with available matched primaries. One whole-slide section from each case was stained for monoclonal GATA3 (L50-823), monoclonal mammaglobin (31A5), and monoclonal GCDFP15 (EP1582Y). Staining intensity (0 to 3+) and extent (0% to 100%) were scored with an H-score calculated (range, 0 to 300). Sensitivities by varying H-score cutoffs for a positive result in metastatic breast carcinoma among GATA3/GCDFP15/mammaglobin, respectively, were as follows: any H-score=95%/65%/78%, H-score>50=93%/37%/47%, H-score>100=90%/25%/27%, H-score>150=86%/21%/19%, H-score>200=73%/18%/9%, H-score>250=66%/14%/6%. Significant staining differences by specimen type, tumor subtype/grade, or ER/PR/HER2 status were not identified. Significantly stronger correlation was observed between primary/metastatic GATA3 expression [Pearson's correlation=0.81 (0.68-0.89)] as compared with the primary/metastatic correlations of GCDFP15 [Pearson's correlation=0.57 (0.33-0.74)] and mammaglobin [Pearson's correlation=0.50 (0.24-0.70)] (both P<0.05). In conclusion, the novel marker GATA3 stains a significantly higher proportion of both primary and metastatic breast carcinomas than GCDFP15 or mammaglobin with stronger and more diffuse staining, helpful in cases with small tissue samples. The matched primary/metastatic expression of GATA3 is also more consistent. We propose that GATA3 be included among a panel of confirmatory markers for metastatic breast carcinoma.
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GATA3 mRNA expression, but not mutation, associates with longer progression-free survival in ER-positive breast cancer patients treated with first-line tamoxifen for recurrent disease. Cancer Lett 2016; 376:104-9. [PMID: 27018307 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer, GATA3 mutations have been associated with a favorable prognosis and the response to neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor treatment. Therefore, we investigated whether GATA3 mutations predict the outcome of tamoxifen treatment in the advanced setting. In a retrospective study consisting of 235 hormone-naive patients with ER-positive breast cancer who received tamoxifen as first-line treatment for recurrent disease, GATA3 mutations (in 14.0% of patients) did not significantly associate with either the overall response rate (ORR) or with the length of progression-free survival (PFS) after the start of tamoxifen therapy. Interestingly, among 148 patients for whom both mutation and mRNA expression data were available, GATA3 mutations associated with an increased expression of GATA3. However, only 23.7% of GATA3 high tumors had a mutation. Evaluation of the clinical significance of GATA3 mRNA revealed that it was associated with prolonged PFS, but not with the ORR, also in multivariate analysis. Thus, GATA3 mRNA expression, but not GATA3 mutation, is an independent predictor of prolonged PFS in ER-positive breast cancer patients who received first-line tamoxifen for recurrent disease. Besides GATA3 mutation, other mechanisms must exist that underlie increased GATA3 levels.
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23
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Abstract
GATA3 is a zinc-binding transcription factor that regulates the differentiation of many human tissue types, including the mammary gland. In surgical pathology, immunohistochemistry for GATA3 is largely used to support urothelial or breast origin in a carcinoma of unknown origin. GATA3 is sensitive but not entirely specific in this setting. Although GATA3 labeling is highest in estrogen receptor-positive carcinomas, it also labels estrogen receptor-negative carcinomas and thus has particular diagnostic utility in the setting of triple-negative breast carcinomas, which are typically negative for other mammary-specific markers.
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24
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Wendroth SM, Mentrikoski MJ, Wick MR. GATA3 expression in morphologic subtypes of breast carcinoma: a comparison with gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 and mammaglobin. Ann Diagn Pathol 2015; 19:6-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Ni YB, Tsang JYS, Chan SK, Tse GM. GATA-binding protein 3, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 and mammaglobin have distinct prognostic implications in different invasive breast carcinoma subgroups. Histopathology 2015; 67:96-105. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bi Ni
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology; Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Julia Y S Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology; Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Siu Ki Chan
- Department of Pathology; Kwong Wah Hospital; Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology; Prince of Wales Hospital; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong Hong Kong
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26
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Value of GATA3 Immunostaining in the Diagnosis of Parathyroid Tumors. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2014; 22:756-61. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guthikonda K, Zhang H, Nolan VG, Soto-Ramírez N, Ziyab AH, Ewart S, Arshad HS, Patil V, Holloway JW, Lockett GA, Karmaus W. Oral contraceptives modify the effect of GATA3 polymorphisms on the risk of asthma at the age of 18 years via DNA methylation. Clin Epigenetics 2014; 6:17. [PMID: 25250096 PMCID: PMC4171400 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of asthma in girls increases after puberty. Previous studies have detected associations between sex hormones and asthma, as well as between sex hormones and T helper 2 (Th2) asthma-typical immune responses. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous or endogenous sex hormone exposure (represented by oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use and early menarche, respectively) are associated with DNA methylation (DNA-M) of the Th2 transcription factor gene, GATA3, in turn affecting the risk of asthma in girls, possibly in interaction with genetic variants. Blood samples were collected from 245 female participants aged 18 years randomly selected for methylation analysis from the Isle of Wight birth cohort, UK. Information on use of OCPs, age at menarche, and concurrent asthma were assessed by questionnaire. Genome-wide DNA-M was determined using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 beadchip. In a first stage, we tested the interaction between sex hormone exposure and genetic variants on DNA-M of specific cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites. In a second stage, we determined whether these CpG sites interact with genetic variants in GATA3 to explain the risk of asthma. RESULTS Interactions between OCP use and seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GATA3 were analyzed for 14 CpG sites (stage 1). The interaction between OCP use and SNP rs1269486 was found to be associated with the methylation level of cg17124583 (P = 0.002, false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P = 0.04). DNA-M of this same CpG site was also influenced by the interaction between age at menarche and rs1269486 (P = 0.0017). In stage 2, we found that cg17124583 modified the association of SNP rs422628 with asthma risk at the age of 18 years (P = 0.006, FDR adjusted P = 0.04). Subjects with genotype AG showed an increase in average risk ratio (RR) from 0.31 (95% CI: 0.10 to 0.8) to 11.65 (95% CI: 1.71 to 79.5) when methylation level increased from 0.02 to 0.12, relative to genotype AA. CONCLUSION A two-stage model consisting of genetic variants in the GATA3 gene, OCP use, age at menarche, and DNA-M may explain how sex hormones in women can increase the asthma prevalence after puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranthi Guthikonda
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vikki G Nolan
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nelís Soto-Ramírez
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ali H Ziyab
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Susan Ewart
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hasan S Arshad
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - Veeresh Patil
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - John W Holloway
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gabrielle A Lockett
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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Braxton DR, Cohen C, Siddiqui MT. Utility of GATA3 immunohistochemistry for diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma in cytology specimens. Diagn Cytopathol 2014; 43:271-7. [PMID: 25088841 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA3 as a diagnostic marker of metastatic breast carcinoma in cytology specimens has not been fully established. METHODS Metastatic breast carcinoma was assessed for GATA3, mammaglobin, and GCDFP-15 immunohistochemistry on cell blocks. GATA3 was scored by intensity (0, negative; 1, weakly positive; 2, moderately positive; 3, strongly positive), and area (0-100%). Mammaglobin (MMG) and GCDFP-15 staining was scored qualitatively (positive vs. negative). Results were correlated with specimen type (fine-needle aspiration vs. body fluid), breast prognostic markers estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Her-2/Neu (Her2), and Ki67, and with each other. Statistical significance was determined by chi-squared test and ANOVA for numerical variables. Alpha was set as 0.05. A total of 40 CB specimens containing metastatic breast carcinoma were studied. RESULTS GATA3 was positive in 32 (80%) cases. All ER-positive cases (n = 25) were positive for GATA3. Conversely, all GATA3-negative cases (n = 8) were triple-negative breast cancers. On qualitative univariate analysis, GATA3 was statistically associated with ER (P = 0.0001), and PR (P = 0.0468). GATA3 intensity was statistically associated with ER (P ≤ 0.0001), PR (P = 0.0157), Her2 (P = 0.0256), and cancer category (P = 0.0127). GATA3 staining was statistically associated with ER (P ≤ 0.0001), PR (P = 0.0160), Her2 (P = 0.0451), and cancer category (P = 0.0002). MMG and GCDFP-15 were directly compared to GATA3 in 35 samples. The sensitivity was 86% for GATA3, 26% for MMG, and 14% for GCDFP-15. CONCLUSION GATA3 is a more sensitive diagnostic marker of metastatic breast carcinoma in CB samples than MMG and GCDFP-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Braxton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ordóñez NG, Sahin AA. Diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in distinguishing between epithelioid pleural mesotheliomas and breast carcinomas: a comparative study. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1529-40. [PMID: 24816068 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelioid mesotheliomas and breast carcinomas can present a variety of morphologic patterns. Because of this, breast carcinomas that metastasize to the pleura and lung may be confused with mesotheliomas. The aim of the present study is to compare the immunohistochemical markers currently available for the diagnosis of these 2 malignancies and to determine the best panel of markers that can be used to assist in discriminating between them. Sixty epithelioid mesotheliomas and 80 breast carcinomas (40 triple negative and 40 estrogen receptor positive) were investigated for expression of the positive mesothelioma markers calretinin, keratin 5/6, mesothelin, podoplanin, thrombomodulin, and WT1; the positive carcinoma marker claudin 4; and the breast-associated markers gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15), mammaglobin, and GATA3. All of the epithelioid mesotheliomas reacted for calretinin and keratin 5/6, 93% for WT1; 88% for podoplanin; 77% for thrombomodulin; 23% for GATA3; and 0% for claudin 4, GCDFP-15, and mammaglobin, respectively. Of the triple-negative breast carcinomas, 100% expressed claudin 4; 5%, keratin 5/6; 30%, GATA3; 18%, mammaglobin; 15%, GCDFP-15; 56%, mesothelin; 38%, calretinin; 18%, thrombomodulin; 5%, WT1; and 3%, podoplanin. Among the estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinomas, 100% were claudin 4 and GATA3 positive; 70% expressed GCDFP-15; 63%, mammaglobin; 13%, calretinin; 13%, thrombomodulin; 8%, WT1; 5%, keratin 5/6; 3%, mesothelin; and 0%, podoplanin. It is concluded that podoplanin and WT1 are the best positive mesothelioma markers for differentiating epithelioid mesotheliomas from breast carcinomas. An accurate differential diagnosis can be reached with the use of these two markers in combination with the breast-associated markers GCDFP-15, mammaglobin, and GATA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson G Ordóñez
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Aysegul A Sahin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Yang F, Chen F, Gu J, Zhang W, Luo J, Guan X. Genetic variant rs1058240 at the microRNA-binding site in the GATA3 gene may regulate its mRNA expression. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:404-407. [PMID: 24748983 PMCID: PMC3990192 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a member of a family of 6 GATA dual zinc finger transcription factors (GATA1-6), which are required for the development and morphogenesis of the mammary gland. GATA3 is considered to play a dual role in oncogenesis and cancer development, whereas somatic GATA3 mutations have been reported in breast cancer. Variants of the GATA3 genetic 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) microRNA (miRNA) binding sites have been associated with breast cancer risk. However, the roles of genetic variants in the GATA3 gene 3'UTR and its post-transcriptional regulation have not been fully elucidated. We discovered that rs1058240 in the GATA3 3'UTR displayed potential miRNA binding sites and this variant was found to be significantly associated with GATA3 mRNA expression (P=2.36E-07), suggesting that rs1058240 may be a putative variant mediating the post-transcriptional regulation of the GATA3 target gene. Further studies investigating the regulatory mechanism of GATA3 transcriptional activity are required to design novel strategies against breast cancer cell growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Fenxia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jiayan Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P.R. China
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Impact of GATA-3 and FOXA1 expression in patients with hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2014; 22:520-8. [PMID: 24415069 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-013-0515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer are difficult. The transcription factors GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA-3) and Forkhead-box protein A1 (FOXA1) are crucial for the hormone responsive phenotype of breast cancer. This study evaluated whether the expression of GATA-3 and FOXA1 is a prognostic and predictive marker of outcomes in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. METHODS The expression of GATA-3 and FOXA1 was analyzed immunohistochemically in 214 patients with invasive breast cancer to evaluate the association with the clinicopathological features and the prognosis. RESULTS GATA-3 expression was positively correlated with FOXA1 expression (P < 0.0001). Both GATA-3 and FOXA1 were positively correlated with ER (P < 0.0001 each) and PR expression (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0009, respectively), and inversely correlated with nuclear grade (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.0018, respectively) and Ki67 index (P = 0.0052 and P = 0.0049, respectively). Expression of GATA-3 and FOXA1 was associated with better prognosis. FOXA1 was an independent favorable prognostic marker in HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. Disease-free survival rates were similar in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer and high FOXA1 expression given adjuvant hormone therapy (HT) alone and those given CT plus HT. CONCLUSION GATA-3 and FOXA1 are associated with a less aggressive phenotype and a better prognosis in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. FOXA1 may be useful in identifying those patients who may not require adjuvant CT.
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Shan L, Li X, Liu L, Ding X, Wang Q, Zheng Y, Duan Y, Xuan C, Wang Y, Yang F, Shang Y, Shi L. GATA3 cooperates with PARP1 to regulate CCND1 transcription through modulating histone H1 incorporation. Oncogene 2013; 33:3205-16. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Droog M, Beelen K, Linn S, Zwart W. Tamoxifen resistance: from bench to bedside. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 717:47-57. [PMID: 23545365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although tamoxifen is a classical example of a targeted drug, a substantial proportion of estrogen receptor alpha positive breast cancer patients does not benefit from the drug. Over the last few decades, many potential biomarkers have been discovered in cell biological studies that may aid in the prediction of tamoxifen sensitivity and guide in treatment selection. Nonetheless, the transition of such a biomarker from the scientific community towards a diagnostic test that can be used in daily clinical practice has been far from ideal, and such markers seldom face clinical introduction. From a large number of potential predictive biomarkers as described in cell biological literature, the clinical (translational) scientist has to make a decision which of these biomarkers should be tested in clinical material to determine their clinical validity. This problem is not trivial, since patient samples with clinical follow-up are a valuable asset that should therefore be cherished. In this review, we will describe a number of 'cell biological biomarkers' for tamoxifen resistance and their possible clinical implications. This may guide the clinical scientist in choosing what potential biomarkers to test on tumour samples, which may catalyse the translation of scientific discoveries into daily clinical practice of breast cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Droog
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cimino-Mathews A, Subhawong AP, Illei PB, Sharma R, Halushka MK, Vang R, Fetting JH, Park BH, Argani P. GATA3 expression in breast carcinoma: utility in triple-negative, sarcomatoid, and metastatic carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1341-9. [PMID: 23375642 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
GATA3 plays an integral role in breast luminal cell differentiation and is implicated in breast cancer progression. GATA3 immunohistochemistry is a useful marker of breast cancer; however, its use in specific subtypes is unclear. Here, we evaluate GATA3 expression in 86 invasive ductal carcinomas including triple-negative, Her-2, and luminal subtypes, in addition to 13 metaplastic carcinomas and in 34 fibroepithelial neoplasms. In addition, we report GATA3 expression in matched primary and metastatic breast carcinomas in 30 patients with known estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her-2 status, including 5 with ER and/or PR loss from primary to metastasis. Tissue microarrays containing 5 to 10 cores per tumor were stained for GATA3, scored as follows: 0 (0-5%), 1+ (6%-25%), 2+ (26%-50%), 3+ (51%-75%), and 4+ (>75%). GATA3 labeling was seen in 67% (66/99) of primary ductal carcinomas including 43% of triple-negative and 54% of metaplastic carcinomas. In contrast, stromal GATA3 labeling was seen in only 1 fibroepithelial neoplasm. GATA3 labeling was seen in 90% (27/30) of primary breast carcinomas in the paired cohort, including 67% of triple-negative carcinomas. GATA3 labeling was overwhelmingly maintained in paired metastases. Notably, GATA3 was maintained in all "luminal loss" metastases, which showed ER and/or PR loss. In conclusion, GATA3 expression is maintained between matched primary and metastatic carcinomas including ER-negative cases. GATA3 can be particularly useful as a marker for metastatic breast carcinoma, especially triple-negative and metaplastic carcinomas, which lack specific markers of mammary origin. Finally, GATA3 labeling may help distinguish metaplastic carcinoma from malignant phyllodes tumors.
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Gonzalez RS, Wang J, Kraus T, Sullivan H, Adams AL, Cohen C. GATA-3 expression in male and female breast cancers: comparison of clinicopathologic parameters and prognostic relevance. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:1065-70. [PMID: 23266442 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Expression of GATA-3 in female breast cancers has been linked to estrogen receptor (ER) expression and, in turn, to improved outcomes. However, GATA-3 has not been studied in male breast cancers. Nineteen male breast carcinomas (average age: 63 years) and 164 female breast carcinomas (average age: 57 years) were immunostained for GATA-3. Results were compared to age, tumor size, tumor grade, lymph node status, distant metastases, survival, and positivity for ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2/neu. Six of 19 (31.6%) male and 135 of 164 (82.3%) female breast carcinomas were GATA-3 positive (P < .001). In women, 82.1% of GATA-3-positive cancers were grade 1 or 2, whereas 75.9% of GATA-3-negative cancers were grade 3 (P < .001); no such significant correlation was seen in men. Unlike female cancers, male cancers showed no correlation between GATA-3 positivity and ER positivity, PR positivity, or distant metastases. Nodal metastasis and HER2 status were not linked to GATA-3 in either sex. Seventeen (89.5%) men were alive at follow-up (average: 61 months); only 1 died of disease. Most women (159/164, 97.0%) were also alive at follow-up (average: 41 months), with a higher proportion of GATA-3-negative women dead than GATA-3-positive women (3/29 [10.3%] vs. 2/135 [1.5%], P = .039). GATA-3 is expressed less often in male than female breast cancers. Male cancers show no correlation between GATA-3 positivity and ER/PR positivity or distant metastases, unlike female cancers. There appears to be no link between GATA-3 positivity and survival in men, whereas in women, GATA-3-positive tumors are typically lower grade with a better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul S Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Abstract
It has been almost a quarter century since it was first appreciated that a class of oncogenes contained in rapidly transforming avian retroviruses encoded DNA-binding transcription factors. As with other oncogenes, genetic recombination with the viral genome led to their overexpression or functional alteration. In the years that followed, alterations of numerous transcription factors were shown to be causatively involved in various cancers in human patients and model organisms. Depending on their normal cellular functions, these factors were subsequently categorized as proto-oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. This review focuses on the role of GATA transcription factors in carcinogenesis. GATA factors are zinc finger DNA binding proteins that control the development of diverse tissues by activating or repressing transcription. GATA factors thus coordinate cellular maturation with proliferation arrest and cell survival. Therefore, a role of this family of genes in human cancers is not surprising. Prominent examples include structural mutations in GATA1 that are found in almost all megakaryoblastic leukemias in patients with Down syndrome; loss of GATA3 expression in aggressive, dedifferentiated breast cancers; and silencing of GATA4 and GATA5 expression in colorectal and lung cancers. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis vis-à-vis the normal functions of GATA factors as they pertain to human patients and mouse models of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Zheng
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abba MC, Lacunza E, Butti M, Aldaz CM. Breast cancer biomarker discovery in the functional genomic age: a systematic review of 42 gene expression signatures. Biomark Insights 2010; 5:103-18. [PMID: 21082037 PMCID: PMC2978930 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we provide a systematic analysis of transcriptomic signatures derived from 42 breast cancer gene expression studies, in an effort to identify the most relevant breast cancer biomarkers using a meta-analysis method. Meta-data revealed a set of 117 genes that were the most commonly affected ranging from 12% to 36% of overlap among breast cancer gene expression studies. Data mining analysis of transcripts and protein-protein interactions of these commonly modulated genes indicate three functional modules significantly affected among signatures, one module related with the response to steroid hormone stimulus, and two modules related to the cell cycle. Analysis of a publicly available gene expression data showed that the obtained meta-signature is capable of predicting overall survival (P < 0.0001) and relapse-free survival (P < 0.0001) in patients with early-stage breast carcinomas. In addition, the identified meta-signature improves breast cancer patient stratification independently of traditional prognostic factors in a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
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Yan W, Cao QJ, Arenas RB, Bentley B, Shao R. GATA3 inhibits breast cancer metastasis through the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:14042-51. [PMID: 20189993 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.105262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA3, a transcription factor that regulates T lymphocyte differentiation and maturation, is exclusively expressed in early stage well differentiated breast cancers but not in advanced invasive cancers. However, little is understood regarding its activity and the mechanisms underlying this differential expression in cancers. Here, we employed GATA3-positive, non-invasive (MCF-7) and GATA3-negative, invasive (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells to define its role in the transformation between these two distinct phenotypes. Ectopic expression of GATA3 in MDA-MB-231 cells led to a cuboidal-like epithelial phenotype and reduced cell invasive activity. These cells also increased E-cadherin expression but decreased levels of vimentin, N-cadherin, and MMP-9. Further, MDA-MB-231 cells expressing GATA3 grew smaller primary tumors without metastasis compared with larger metastatic tumors derived from control MDA-MB-231 cells in xenografted mice. GATA3 was found to induce E-cadherin expression through binding GATA-like motifs located in the E-cadherin promoter. Blockade of GATA3 using small interfering RNA gene knockdown in MCF-7 cells triggered fibroblastic transformation and cell invasion, resulting in distant metastasis. Studies of human breast cancer showed that GATA3 expression correlated with elevated E-cadherin levels, ER expression, and long disease-free survival. These data suggest that GATA3 drives invasive breast cancer cells to undergo the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to the suppression of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, University of Massachusetts, Springfield, Massachusetts 01107, USA
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Chen JQ, Litton J, Xiao L, Zhang HZ, Warneke CL, Wu Y, Shen X, Wu S, Sahin A, Katz R, Bondy M, Hortobagyi G, Berinstein NL, Murray JL, Radvanyi L. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis and prognostic significance of TRPS-1, a new GATA transcription factor family member, in breast cancer. Discov Oncol 2010; 1:21-33. [PMID: 21761348 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-010-0008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1 (TRPS-1) gene is a novel GATA transcription factor family member. Previously, using a gene expression profiling and immunohistochemistry (IHC) screen, we identified TRPS-1 as a highly prevalent gene in breast cancer (BC), expressed in >90% of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)(+) and ERα(-) BC subtypes. TRPS-1 was also shown to be expressed in prostate cancer where it was shown to play a proapoptotic function during androgen withdrawal possibly through regulating antioxidant metabolism. The role of TRPS-1 and its prognostic significance in hormone-dependent and hormone-independent BC however is not known. In this study, we developed a new quantitative IHC (qIHC) method to further study TRPS-1 as a marker and possible prognostic indicator in BC. By using this method, a quantitative parameter for TRPS-1 expression called a quick score (QS) was derived from the measured labeling index and mean optical density after IHC and applied to a set of 152 stage II/III BC patients from 1993 to 2006 who did not receive preoperative chemotherapy. Associations between QS and tumor characteristics were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. A wide range of TRPS-1 QS was found among the sample set with higher TRPS-1 QS significantly associated with tumor ERα (p = 0.023 for QS and p = 0.028 for Allred score), progesterone receptor (p = 0.009), and GATA-3 (p < 0.0001). TRPS-1 QS was also positively associated with HER2 status (p = 0.026). Further analysis of different ductal structures in ten BC cases revealed that TRPS-1 expression was expressed at low levels in the remaining normal ducts and in areas of usual ductal hyperplasia but showed marked increase in expression in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma lesions in the tissue. An analysis of TRPS-1 expression in association with overall survival in the 152 stage II/III sample set also revealed that TRPS-1 QS (≥4.0) was significantly associated with improved survival (p = 0.0165). Patients with TRPS-1 QS <4 had a hazard ratio of 2 (p = 0.019) after univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. In summary, this new qIHC approach was found to reveal critical differences in TRPS-1 expression in primary BC samples and found that it is a promising prognostic marker that should be further evaluated as a possible tumor suppressor gene facilitating improved survival in different subtypes of BC.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Repressor Proteins
- Transcription Factors/analysis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qing Chen
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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Thompson EW, Warton K, Blick T, Wafai R, Hill P, Stanleys K. Multiplexed tandem polymerase chain reaction identifies strong expression of oestrogen receptor and Her-2 from single, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer sections. Pathology 2010; 42:165-72. [DOI: 10.3109/00313020903494102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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41
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Fang SH, Chen Y, Weigel RJ. GATA-3 as a Marker of Hormone Response in Breast Cancer. J Surg Res 2009; 157:290-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
The loss of expression of the transcription factor GATA3 in breast tumors has been linked to aggressive tumor development and poor patient survival. In the present work, we address potential roles for GATA3 in breast tumor lung metastasis and progression. Using an aggressive breast cancer cell line, which metastasizes specifically to the lung, we show that GATA3 expression results in reduced tumor outgrowth in the mammary fat pad and lower lung metastatic burden in nude mice. Specifically, GATA3 expression inhibits breast cancer cell expansion inside the lung parenchyma. This phenotype correlates with the ability of GATA3 to negatively regulate the expression of several genes that promote breast cancer lung metastasis (ID1/-3, KRTHB1, LY6E and RARRES3). Conversely, the expression of genes encoding known inhibitors of lung metastasis (DLC1 (deleted in liver cancer 1) and PAEP (progestagen-associated endometrial protein)) is upregulated by GATA3. These data correlate with microarray data from human breast cancer patients, showing a strong correlation between high GATA3 expression and absence of metastases specifically to the lungs. We conclude that GATA3 inhibits primary breast tumor outgrowth and reduces lung metastatic burden by regulating key genes involved in metastatic breast tumor progression.
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Emerson JW, Dolled-Filhart M, Harris L, Rimm DL, Tuck DP. Quantitative assessment of tissue biomarkers and construction of a model to predict outcome in breast cancer using multiple imputation. Cancer Inform 2008; 7:29-40. [PMID: 19352457 PMCID: PMC2664700 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Missing data pose one of the greatest challenges in the rigorous evaluation of biomarkers. The limited availability of specimens with complete clinical annotation and quality biomaterial often leads to underpowered studies. Tissue microarray studies, for example, may be further handicapped by the loss of data points because of unevaluable staining, core loss, or the lack of tumor in the histospot. This paper presents a novel approach to these common problems in the context of a tissue protein biomarker analysis in a cohort of patients with breast cancer. Our analysis develops techniques based on multiple imputation to address the missing value problem. We first select markers using a training cohort, identifying a small subset of protein expression levels that are most useful in predicting patient survival. The best model is obtained by including both protein markers (including COX6C, GATA3, NAT1, and ESR1) and lymph node status. The use of either lymph node status or the four protein expression levels provides similar improvements in goodness-of-fit, with both significantly better than a baseline clinical model. Using the same multiple imputation strategy, we then validate the results out-of-sample on a larger independent cohort. Our approach of integrating multiple imputation with each stage of the analysis serves as an example that may be replicated or adapted in future studies with missing values.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Emerson
- Department of Statistics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Ciocca V, Daskalakis C, Ciocca RM, Ruiz-Orrico A, Palazzo JP. The significance of GATA3 expression in breast cancer: a 10-year follow-up study. Hum Pathol 2008; 40:489-95. [PMID: 19084267 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
GATA3 is a transcription factor closely associated with estrogen receptor alpha in breast carcinoma, with a potential prognostic utility. This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of GATA3 in estrogen receptor alpha-positive and estrogen receptor alpha-negative breast carcinomas. One hundred sixty-six cases of invasive breast carcinomas with 10-year follow-up information were analyzed. Positive GATA3 and estrogen receptor alpha cases were defined as greater than 20% of cells staining. Time to cancer recurrence and time to death were analyzed with survival methods. Of 166 patients, 40 were estrogen receptor alpha negative and 121 estrogen receptor alpha positive. Thirty-eight (23%) recurrences and 51 (31%) deaths were observed. In final multivariable analyses, GATA3-positive tumors had about two thirds the recurrence risk of GATA3-negative tumors (hazard ratio = 0.65, P = .395) and comparable mortality risk (hazard ratio = 0.86, P = .730). In prespecified subgroup analyses, the protective effect of GATA3 expression was most pronounced among estrogen receptor alpha-positive patients who received tamoxifen (hazard ratio = 0.57 for recurrence and 0.68 for death). We found no statistically significant differences in recurrence or survival rates between GATA3-positive and GATA3-negative tumors. However, there was a suggestion of a modest-to-strong protective effect of GATA3 expression among estrogen receptor alpha-positive patients receiving hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Ciocca
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Johnatty SE, Couch FJ, Fredericksen Z, Tarrell R, Spurdle AB, Beesley J, Chen X, Gschwantler-Kaulich D, Singer CF, Fuerhauser C, Fink-Retter A, Domchek SM, Nathanson KL, Pankratz VS, Lindor NM, Godwin AK, Caligo MA, Hopper J, Southey MC, Giles GG, Justenhoven C, Brauch H, Hamann U, Ko YD, Heikkinen T, Aaltonen K, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Nevanlinna H, Hall P, Czene K, Liu J, Peock S, Cook M, Platte R, Gareth Evans D, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Pichert G, Eccles D, Davidson R, Cole T, Cook J, Douglas F, Chu C, Hodgson S, Paterson J, Hogervorst FBL, Rookus MA, Seynaeve C, Wijnen J, Vreeswijk M, Ligtenberg M, van der Luijt RB, van Os TAM, Gille HJP, Blok MJ, Issacs C, Humphreys MK, McGuffog L, Healey S, Sinilnikova O, Antoniou AC, Easton DF, Chenevix-Trench G. No evidence that GATA3 rs570613 SNP modifies breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 117:371-9. [PMID: 19082709 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a transcription factor that is crucial to mammary gland morphogenesis and differentiation of progenitor cells, and has been suggested to have a tumor suppressor function. The rs570613 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 4 of GATA3 was previously found to be associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk in the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility project and in pooled analysis of two case-control studies from Norway and Poland (P (trend) = 0.004), with some evidence for a stronger association with estrogen receptor (ER) negative tumours [Garcia-Closas M et al. (2007) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:2269-2275]. We genotyped GATA3 rs570613 in 6,388 cases and 4,995 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 5,617 BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). We found no association between this SNP and breast cancer risk in BCAC cases overall (OR(per-allele) = 1.00, 95% CI 0.94-1.05), in ER negative BCAC cases (OR(per-allele) = 1.02, 95% CI 0.91-1.13), in BRCA1 mutation carriers RR(per-allele) = 0.99, 95% CI 0.90-1.09) or BRCA2 mutation carriers (RR(per-allele) = 0.93, 95% CI 0.80-1.07). We conclude that there is no evidence that either GATA3 rs570613, or any variant in strong linkage disequilibrium with it, is associated with breast cancer risk in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Johnatty
- Cancer and Cell Biology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, c/o Royal Brisbane Hospital Post Office, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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Magklara A, Smith CL. A composite intronic element directs dynamic binding of the progesterone receptor and GATA-2. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 23:61-73. [PMID: 19036901 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The progesterone receptor (PR) plays a pivotal role in proper development and function of the mammary gland and has also been implicated in mammary tumorigenesis. PR is a ligand-activated transcription factor; however, relatively, little is known about its mechanisms of action at endogenous target promoters. The aim of our study was to identify a natural PR-responsive gene and investigate its transcriptional regulation in the mammary microenvironment. Our experiments revealed FKBP5 as a direct target of the PR, because it exhibited a rapid activation by progestin that was cycloheximide independent and correlated with recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that progestin responsiveness is mediated through a composite element in the first intron, to which the PR binds concomitantly with GATA-2. Mutational analysis of the element revealed that the GATA-2 site is essential for progestin activation. Direct binding of PR to DNA contributes to the efficiency of activation but is not sufficient, suggesting that the receptor makes important protein-protein interactions as part of its mechanism of action at the FKBP5 promoter. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays we also determined that the intronic region is in communication with the promoter, probably via DNA looping. Time course analysis revealed a cyclical pattern of PR recruitment to the FKBP5 gene but a persistent recruitment to the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter, indicating that receptor cycling is a gene-specific phenomenon rather than a characteristic of the receptor itself. Our study offers new insight in the nature of PR-regulated transcription in mammary cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Magklara
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Engelsen IB, Stefansson IM, Akslen LA, Salvesen HB. GATA3 expression in estrogen receptor alpha-negative endometrial carcinomas identifies aggressive tumors with high proliferation and poor patient survival. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199:543.e1-7. [PMID: 18599012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transcription factor GATA3 has recently been found to be involved in the carcinogenesis for numerous cancers. We investigated this marker in relation to clinicopathologic characteristics, hormone receptors, other biomarkers, and survival in endometrial carcinoma. STUDY DESIGN A population-based study of 316 endometrial carcinomas with complete follow-up was studied for GATA3, estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, ERbeta2, and progesterone receptor (PR) expression. RESULTS Positive GATA3 expression in hysterectomy specimens significantly correlated to high International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, serous papillary/clear cell subtypes, high histologic grade, loss of PR expression, aneuploidy, high proliferation, pathologic p53 and p16 expression, and poor prognosis (P = .003). Loss of hormone receptors significantly correlated with aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis. Pathologic expression of GATA3/ERalpha in combination added independent prognostic information. CONCLUSION GATA3 expression is associated with an aggressive phenotype and adds independent prognostic information in addition to receptor status. Further studies of its value in tailored treatment protocols seem justified.
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Garcia-Closas M, Troester MA, Qi Y, Langerød A, Yeager M, Lissowska J, Brinton L, Welch R, Peplonska B, Gerhard DS, Gram IT, Kristensen V, Børresen-Dale AL, Chanock S, Perou CM. Common genetic variation in GATA-binding protein 3 and differential susceptibility to breast cancer by estrogen receptor alpha tumor status. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 16:2269-75. [PMID: 18006915 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a transcription factor and a putative tumor suppressor that is highly expressed in normal breast luminal epithelium and estrogen receptor alpha (ER)-positive breast tumors. We hypothesized that common genetic variation in GATA3 could influence breast carcinogenesis. Four tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in GATA3 and its 3' flanking gene FLJ4598 were genotyped in two case control studies in Norway and Poland (2,726 cases and 3,420 controls). Analyses of pooled data suggested a reduced risk of breast cancer associated with two intronic variants in GATA3 in linkage disequilibrium (rs3802604 in intron 3 and rs570613 in intron 4). Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for rs570613 heterozygous and rare homozygous versus common homozygous were 0.85 (0.75-1.95) and 0.82 (0.62-0.96), respectively (P(trend)=0.004). Stronger associations were observed for subjects with ER-negative, than ER-positive, tumors (P(heterogeneity)=0.01 for rs3802604; P(heterogeneity)=0.09 for rs570613). Although no individual SNPs were associated with ER-positive tumors, two haplotypes (GGTC in 2% of controls and AATT in 7% of controls) showed significant and consistent associations with increased risk for these tumors when compared with the common haplotype (GATT in 46% of controls): 1.71 (1.27-2.32) and 1.26 (1.03-1.54), respectively. In summary, data from two independent study populations showed two intronic variants in GATA3 associated with overall decreases in breast cancer risk and suggested heterogeneity of these associations by ER status. These differential associations are consistent with markedly different levels of GATA3 protein by ER status. Additional epidemiologic studies are needed to clarify these intriguing relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Room 7076, MSC 7234, Rockville, MD 20852-7234, USA.
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Voduc D, Cheang M, Nielsen T. GATA-3 expression in breast cancer has a strong association with estrogen receptor but lacks independent prognostic value. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:365-73. [PMID: 18268121 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA-3 is a transcription factor involved in human growth and differentiation. Gene expression profiling has shown that GATA-3 is highly expressed in the Luminal A subtype of breast cancer. A recent study found GATA-3 to be associated with favorable breast cancer pathologic features, including negative lymph node and positive estrogen receptor (ER) status. GATA-3 levels were also found to be an independent prognostic marker, with low expression predicting for breast cancer recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our case series consists of 3,119 cases of invasive breast cancer in which GATA-3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. We considered >5% nuclear staining to be a positive result for GATA-3. RESULTS Thirty-two percent of cases were GATA-3 positive. GATA-3 is almost exclusively expressed in ER+ patients and is also associated with lower tumor grade, older age at diagnosis, and the absence of Her2 overexpression. In univariate analysis, the presence of GATA-3 is a marker of good prognosis and predicted for superior breast cancer-specific survival, relapse-free survival, and overall survival. However, in multivariate models including patient age, tumor size, histologic grade, nodal status, ER status, and Her2 status, GATA-3 was not independently prognostic for these same outcomes. In the subgroups of ER+ patients treated with or without tamoxifen, GATA-3 was again nonprognostic for all outcomes. DISCUSSION GATA-3 is a molecular marker that is highly associated with ER expression, but it does not seem to have prognostic value independent of ER, nor does it predict for response to tamoxifen among ER-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Voduc
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E6.
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50
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Eeckhoute J, Keeton EK, Lupien M, Krum SA, Carroll JS, Brown M. Positive Cross-Regulatory Loop Ties GATA-3 to Estrogen Receptor α Expression in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 67:6477-83. [PMID: 17616709 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA-3 is required for normal mammary gland development, and its expression is highly correlated with estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) in human breast tumors. However, the functional role of GATA-3 in ER alpha-positive breast cancers is yet to be established. Here, we show that GATA-3 is required for estradiol stimulation of cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells. The role of GATA-3 in estradiol signaling requires the direct positive regulation of the expression of the ER alpha gene itself by GATA-3. GATA-3 binds to two cis-regulatory elements located within the ER alpha gene, and this is required for RNA polymerase II recruitment to ER alpha promoters. Reciprocally, ER alpha directly stimulates the transcription of the GATA-3 gene, indicating that these two factors are involved in a positive cross-regulatory loop. Moreover, GATA-3 and ER alpha regulate their own expression in breast cancer cells. Hence, this transcriptional coregulatory mechanism accounts for the robust coexpression of GATA-3 and ER alpha in human breast cancers. In addition, these results highlight the crucial role of GATA-3 for the response of ER alpha-positive breast cancers to estradiol. Moreover, they identify GATA-3 as a critical component of the master cell-type-specific transcriptional network including ER alpha and FoxA1 that dictates the phenotype of hormone-dependent breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Eeckhoute
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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