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Ouyang G, Wang N, Tong J, Sun W, Yang J, Wu G. Alleviation of taurine on liver injury of type 2 diabetic rats by improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28400. [PMID: 38560269 PMCID: PMC10979286 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and reduced insulin production, which causes abnormally elevated blood glucose. It has been reported that T2DM can enhance oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and stimulate a variety of complications including liver injury. Studies have shown that taurine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that can not only ameliorate diabetes but also alleviate liver injury caused by various diseases. However, its effect on liver injury in T2DM is not clear. In our study, a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce liver injury in T2DM rats, and taurine was given as a treatment. Through the use of HE staining on paraffin sections, ELISA, and qRT-PCR, the effects of taurine on liver pathological alterations, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory response were investigated. We found that: hepatic transaminase levels of rats were reduced significantly following taurine administration; histopathological observations revealed that the morphology of rat hepatocytes was close to normal, and the number of inflammatory cells around liver vessels was significantly reduced; antioxidant-related indicators were significantly increased, including SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and T-AOC, while related factors of the Nrf2 signalling pathway and its downstream HO-1, NQO1 and γ-GCS were significantly increased; the expression of the JAK2-STAT1 signalling pathway, TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway and NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle-related factors were significantly reduced. Our results suggest taurine can alleviate T2DM-induced liver injury by improving the antioxidant capacity of the liver and inhibiting macrophage M1-type polarization and the inflammatory response mediated thereby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Ouyang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jihang Tong
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wenke Sun
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Gaofeng Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
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Jiang W, Jin Q, Li C, Xun Y. A Plasma Exosomal Metabolic Profiling of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients Complicated with Impaired Fasting Glucose. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2024; 35:125-135. [PMID: 38454244 PMCID: PMC10895878 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2024.22739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Detection of circulating exosomes together with metabolomic analysis of their cargo would provide early signals for metabolic derangements and complications associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, this study profiled exosomal metabolome of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and impaired fasting glucose. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma exosomes were extracted from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with or without impaired fasting glucose through differential ultracentrifugation. Their metabolite profiles were examined by ultrahigh-performance liquid chrom atography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Pathway analysis was carried out on platform MetaboAnalyst 4.0. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were enrolled, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-alone group (n = 26) and age-and gender-comparable nonalcoholic fatty liver disease plus impaired fasting glucose group (n = 13). Although less than and different from their plasma counterparts, a total of 10 significantly differential exosomal metabolites were identified. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease plus impaired fasting glucose group had higher concentrations of linoleic acid, palmitamide, stearamide, and oleamide, as well as a lower concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine [20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/20:5(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)]. Pathway analysis showed an obviously changed metabolism of linoleic acid. CONCLUSION Metabolomic analysis of plasma exosomes revealed a distinct change in fatty acids and related pathways in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with impaired fasting glucose. These preliminary results provide a metabolomic snapshot and basis for further investigation of exosome biology for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Jiang
- Department of Liver Disease, Hangzhou Sixth People’s Hospital/Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Afflicted to Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaofei Jin
- Department of Liver Disease, Hangzhou Sixth People’s Hospital/Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Afflicted to Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunqing Li
- Department of Liver Disease, Hangzhou Sixth People’s Hospital/Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Afflicted to Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunhao Xun
- Department of Liver Disease, Hangzhou Sixth People’s Hospital/Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Afflicted to Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang X, Yang F, Zhang Y, Song X, Xue S, Chang Y, Zhong Y, Dou Y, Wang Y. Modified Buyang Huanwu Decoction alleviates diabetic liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress in db/db mice. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:39-50. [PMID: 38322549 PMCID: PMC10839391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia increases the overactivation of oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria in the liver, resulting in oxidative stress (OS) damage. The Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a key role in preventing hepatic oxidative injury and inflammation. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Modified Buyang Huanwu Decoction (mBYHWD) on diabetic liver injury (DLI) by regulating oxidative stress mediated by Nrf2 signaling pathway. METHODS The experiment was divided into three groups: a control group (db/m mice, Con), a diabetes model group (db/db mice, Mod), and a traditional Chinese medicine group (db/m mice, mBYHWD). Post-treatment, serum from each group was analyzed to assess changes of blood glucose, blood lipid, and liver function. These results were combined with data mining to explore the possible pathogenesis of DLI. Liver tissues were collected to observe the pathological morphology and detect related proteins. RESULTS The results demonstrated that mBYHWD significantly reduced blood lipids and improved liver function following diabetic liver injury. The histopathological results demonstrated that mBYHWD could significantly ameliorate damage of diabetic hepatocytes. Protein analysis revealed that mBYHWD treatment significantly increased the expression of antioxidant proteins in diabetic liver tissue and inhibited inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic mechanism of mBYHWD on DLI may involve activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway to improve oxidative stress, inhibit inflammation, and reduce liver tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaodan Song
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Sisi Xue
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Chang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yongqing Dou
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Forlano R, Martinez-Gili L, Takis P, Miguens-Blanco J, Liu T, Triantafyllou E, Skinner C, Loomba R, Thursz M, Marchesi JR, Mullish B, Manousou P. Disruption of gut barrier integrity and host-microbiome interactions underlie MASLD severity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2304157. [PMID: 38235661 PMCID: PMC10798360 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2304157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberration of the "gut-liver axis" contributes to the development and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Here, we use multi-omics to analyze the gut microbiota composition and metabolic profile of patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM patients were screened for liver disease by blood tests, ultrasound, and liver stiffness measurements. Stool microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing; metabolomic profiling by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Ultra-High Performance-Mass Spectrometry. Microbiome and metabolic signatures were analyzed in the whole cohort and in matched subsets to identify signatures specific for steatosis (MASLD±) or fibrosis (Fibrosis±). Gut permeability was assessed in-vitro using monolayers of MDCK cells and trans-epithelial electric resistance (TEER). Cytokine profile was assessed in serum and stools.Overall, 285 patients were enrolled: 255 serum, 252 urine and 97 stool samples were analyzed. Anaeroplasma and Escherichia/Shigella ASVs were higher, while Butyricicoccus ASVs were lower in those with normal liver. In MASLD±, Butyricicoccus ASV was significantly higher in those with steatosis. In the Fibrosis±, Butyricicoccus ASV was significantly lower in those with fibrosis. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid-3-sulfate (G-UDCA-3S) appeared to be higher in MASLD with fibrosis. Fecal water from patients with MASLD and fibrosis caused the greatest drop in the TEER vs those with normal liver; this was reversed with protease inhibitors. Finally, fecal IL-13 was lower in MASLD with fibrosis. We identified microbiome signatures which were specific for steatosis and fibrosis and independent of other metabolic risk factors. Moreover, we conclude that protease-related gut permeability plays a role in those MASLD patients with fibrosis, and that disease progression is linked to a gut-liver axis which is at least partially independent of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Forlano
- Liver unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L. Martinez-Gili
- Liver unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P. Takis
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J. Miguens-Blanco
- Liver unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T. Liu
- Liver unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E. Triantafyllou
- Liver unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C. Skinner
- Liver unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology. University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M. Thursz
- Liver unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J. R. Marchesi
- Liver unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B.H. Mullish
- Liver unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P. Manousou
- Liver unit/Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Wang X, Wu L, Tao J, Ye H, Wang J, Gao R, Liu W. A lipidomic approach to bisphenol F-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-like changes: altered lipid components in a murine model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112644-112659. [PMID: 37837594 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a typical environmental endocrine disruptor, is an "obesogen" that can induce lipid accumulation in the liver. Highly similar in structure to BPA, bisphenol F (BPF) is becoming the dominant BPA substitute on the market, which attracts more and more attention due to its potential adverse effects. Recently, BPF exposure is found to cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-like changes; however, the underlying toxic effects remain poorly understood. Therefore, in the current study, we focused on BPF-mediated lipid homeostasis, especially the alterations of lipid components and metabolism. In human serum, the BPF levels in healthy controls and NAFLD patients were assessed by ELISA, and BPF-induced disturbance of lipid metabolism was evaluated in mouse model via non-targeted lipomic methods with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. It suggested that BPF exposure was positively correlated with NAFLD severity and triglyceride level in patients. Based on the relationships, lipid metabolites were assessed in mouse livers between control and BPF-treated group, and it revealed that twenty-six lipid metabolites (including phospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycerides) were significantly changed in mouse livers. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diglyceryl ester levels were lower than those in the control mice; hexose ceramide content in sphingolipids markedly increased in BPF-treated mouse livers. Noteworthily, the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway was found to be the most pronounced in BPF-induced disturbance of lipid metabolism. Therefore, the current study, for the first time, is deciphering the BPF-induced lipid metabolic disturbance, which may provide novel intervention strategies for BPF-induced NAFLD-like changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Wang
- The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingxian Tao
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heyong Ye
- The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rong Gao
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China.
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
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Lin Q, Guo Y, Li J, He S, Chen Y, Jin H. Antidiabetic Effect of Collagen Peptides from Harpadon nehereus Bones in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mice by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Glucose Metabolism. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:518. [PMID: 37888453 PMCID: PMC10608435 DOI: 10.3390/md21100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and abnormal glucose metabolism are the important physiological mechanisms in the occurrence and development of diabetes. Antioxidant peptides have been reported to attenuate diabetes complications by regulating levels of oxidative stress, but few studies have focused on peptides from marine bone collagen. In this study, we prepared the peptides with a molecular weight of less than 1 kD (HNCP) by enzymolysis and ultrafiltration derived from Harpadon nehereus bone collagen. Furthermore, the effects of HNCP on blood glucose, blood lipid, liver structure and function, oxidative stress, and glucose metabolism were studied using HE staining, kit detection, and Western blotting experiment in streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetes mice. After the 240 mg/kg HNCP treatment, the levels of blood glucose, triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mice decreased by 32.8%, 42.2%, and 43.2%, respectively, while the levels of serum insulin and hepatic glycogen increased by 142.0% and 96.4%, respectively. The antioxidant enzymes levels and liver function in the diabetic mice were markedly improved after HNCP intervention. In addition, the levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glucokinase (GK), and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (p-GSK3β) in the liver were markedly up-regulated after HNCP treatment, but the glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1 (PEPCK1) were down-regulated. In conclusion, HNCP could attenuate oxidative stress, reduce blood glucose, and improve glycolipid metabolism in streptozocin-induced type 1 diabetes mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxia Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Q.L.)
| | - Yueping Guo
- Jinhua Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Institute, Jinhua 321015, China
| | - Jie Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Q.L.)
| | - Shuqi He
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Q.L.)
| | - Yan Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Q.L.)
| | - Huoxi Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (Q.L.)
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Mohseni-Moghaddam P, Khanmohammadi M, Roghani M. Literature review on hepatoprotective effects of diosgenin: possible mechanisms of action. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1226548. [PMID: 37767400 PMCID: PMC10520708 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1226548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are among the major causes of death worldwide. Alcohol consumption, obesity, diabetes mellitus, viral infection, and drug-induced liver injury are common risk factors for the development of liver diseases. Diosgenin is a herbal steroidal sapogenin with hepatoprotective properties. This phytosteroid modulates lipid profile and prevents liver injury and fibrosis, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), steatohepatitis, and diabetes mellitus. Different mechanisms have been presented underlying the therapeutic properties of diosgenin. Diosgenin with antioxidant activity and ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators as well as modulating gut microbiota is able to protect the liver. This literature overview summarizes the previously published studies regarding the hepatoprotective function of diosgenin against liver injury in different conditions with an emphasis on possible underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mohseni-Moghaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Khanmohammadi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Fan H, Liu S, Jiao B, Liang X. Low‑dose ionizing radiation attenuates high glucose‑induced hepatic apoptosis and immune factor release via modulation of a miR‑155‑SOCS1 axis. Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:171. [PMID: 37503757 PMCID: PMC10433713 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic liver injury (DLI) can result in several diseases of the liver, including steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Low‑dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) has hormetic effects in normal/disease conditions. However, whether LDIR has a beneficial effect on DLI has not been assessed previously. MicroRNA (miR)‑155 and its target gene suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) play critical roles in modulating hepatic proliferation, apoptosis, and immunity. However, whether a miR‑155‑SOCS1 axis is involved in high glucose (HG) induced hepatic damage remains to be determined. In the present study, mouse hepatocyte AML12 cells were treated with 30 mM glucose (HG), 75 mGy X‑ray (LDIR), or HG plus LDIR. The expression levels of miR‑155 and SOCS1 were determined by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. Additionally, apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. The release of inflammatory factors, including TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, IL‑10, and IFN‑γ, after HG and/or LDIR treatment was detected by ELISA. The results showed that HG may induce hepatic apoptosis by upregulating the levels of miR‑155 and downregulating the levels of SOCS1. HG also stimulated the secretion of TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, and IL‑10. However, LDIR blocked the HG‑induced activation of a miR‑155‑SOCS1 axis and suppressed the release of inflammatory factors. These results indicated that a miR‑155‑SOCS1 axis plays a role in HG‑induced liver injury, and LDIR may exert a hepatoprotective effect by regulating the miR‑155‑SOCS1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiong Fan
- Department of Hematology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Hematology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Benzheng Jiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Department of Hematology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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9
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Chen Y, Wang W, Morgan MP, Robson T, Annett S. Obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and therapeutic targets. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148934. [PMID: 37361533 PMCID: PMC10286797 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic and overwhelming evidence indicates that it is a risk factor for numerous cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Obesity-associated hepatic tumorigenesis develops from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), progressing to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and ultimately to HCC. The rising incidence of obesity is resulting in an increased prevalence of NAFLD and NASH, and subsequently HCC. Obesity represents an increasingly important underlying etiology of HCC, in particular as the other leading causes of HCC such as hepatitis infection, are declining due to effective treatments and vaccines. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated HCC. We summarize the preclinical experimental animal models available to study the features of NAFLD/NASH/HCC, and the non-invasive methods to diagnose NAFLD, NASH and early-stage HCC. Finally, since HCC is an aggressive tumor with a 5-year survival of less than 20%, we will also discuss novel therapeutic targets for obesity-associated HCC and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Maria P. Morgan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Annett
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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Naz R, Saqib F, Awadallah S, Wahid M, Latif MF, Iqbal I, Mubarak MS. Food Polyphenols and Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Pharmacology and Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28103996. [PMID: 37241737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28103996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus and its related complications are growing public health problems. Many natural products present in our diet, including polyphenols, can be used in treating and managing type II diabetes mellitus and different diseases, owing to their numerous biological properties. Anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, and phenolic acids are common polyphenols found in blueberries, chokeberries, sea-buckthorn, mulberries, turmeric, citrus fruits, and cereals. These compounds exhibit antidiabetic effects through different pathways. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of the most recent developments in using food polyphenols for managing and treating type II diabetes mellitus, along with various mechanisms. In addition, the present work summarizes the literature about the anti-diabetic effect of food polyphenols and evaluates their potential as complementary or alternative medicines to treat type II diabetes mellitus. Results obtained from this survey show that anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, curcuminoids, and phenolic acids can manage diabetes mellitus by protecting pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity, promoting β-cell proliferation, reducing β-cell apoptosis, and inhibiting α-glucosidases or α-amylase. In addition, these phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant anti-inflammatory activities, modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, optimize oxidative stress, reduce insulin resistance, and stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin. They also activate insulin signaling and inhibit digestive enzymes, regulate intestinal microbiota, improve adipose tissue metabolism, inhibit glucose absorption, and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products. However, insufficient data are available on the effective mechanisms necessary to manage diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Naz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samir Awadallah
- Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan
| | - Muqeet Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farhaj Latif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Iram Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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Abdollahi A, Narayanan SK, Frankovich A, Lai YC, Zhang Y, Henderson GC. Albumin Deficiency Reduces Hepatic Steatosis and Improves Glucose Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:2060. [PMID: 37432201 PMCID: PMC10181153 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin facilitates the transport of free fatty acids (FFAs) from adipose tissue to other organs. It was not known if impeding this process could protect from hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. We tested whether albumin knockout (Alb-/-) mice would exhibit a reduction in plasma FFA concentration, reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, and improved glucoregulation as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Male homozygous albumin knockout mice (Alb-/-) and WT controls were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). Alb-/- mice exhibited a similar body weight gain and body composition as WT on both diets. Despite HFD-induced obesity, Alb-/- mice were protected from various comorbidities. Compared to WT mice on the HFD, Alb-/- exhibited lower plasma FFA levels, lower blood glucose levels during glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, and lower hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Alb-/- mice on HFD also exhibited elevated expression of multiple genes in the liver and adipose tissues, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in both tissues, as well as glucose transporter-4 and adiponectin in adipose tissues. The results indicate that albumin's FFA transport function may be involved in the development of hepatic lipid accumulation and dysregulated glucose metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsoun Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sanjeev K. Narayanan
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alexandra Frankovich
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yen-Chun Lai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gregory C. Henderson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Liu P, Zhang Z, Cai Y, Yang Y, Yuan J, Chen Q. Inhibition of the pyroptosis-associated inflammasome pathway: The important potential mechanism of ginsenosides in ameliorating diabetes and its complications. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115336. [PMID: 37031528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications have become an important global public health issue, affecting human health and negatively impacting life and lifespan. Pyroptosis is a recently discovered form of pro-inflammatory programmed cell death (PCD). To date, pyroptosis-associated inflammasome pathways have been identified primarily in the canonical and non-canonical inflammasome pathway, apoptotic caspase-mediated pathway, granzyme-mediated pathway, and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SpeB)-mediated pathway. The activation of diabetes-mediated pyroptosis-associated factors play an important role in the pathophysiology of DM and its complications. Studies have shown that ginsenosides exert significant protective effects on DM and its complications. Through inhibiting the activation of pyroptosis-associated inflammasome pathways, and then the DM and its complications are improved. This review summarizes the subtypes of ginsenosides and their chemical characteristics, pharmacokinetics and side effects, the main pyroptosis-associated inflammasome pathways that have been discovered to date, and the potential mechanism of different subtypes of ginsenosides in the treatment of DM and its complications (such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic liver injury, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic ischemic stroke) via anti-pyroptosis-associated inflammasome pathways. These findings may provide ideas for further research to explore ginsenoside mechanism in improving DM and its complications. However, many pyroptosis-associated inflammasome pathways and targets involved in the occurrence and development of DM and its complications are still unknown. In the future, further studies using in vitro cell models, in vivo animal models, and human disease models can be used to further elucidate the mechanism of ginsenosides in the treatment of DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, PR China; Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Yichen Cai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Yunjiao Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, PR China.
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Sanches JM, Zhao LN, Salehi A, Wollheim CB, Kaldis P. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the impact of altered metabolic interorgan crosstalk. FEBS J 2023; 290:620-648. [PMID: 34847289 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex and multifactorial disease that affects millions of people worldwide, reducing the quality of life significantly, and results in grave consequences for our health care system. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), the lack of β-cell compensatory mechanisms overcoming peripherally developed insulin resistance is a paramount factor leading to disturbed blood glucose levels and lipid metabolism. Impaired β-cell functions and insulin resistance have been studied extensively resulting in a good understanding of these pathways but much less is known about interorgan crosstalk, which we define as signaling between tissues by secreted factors. Besides hormones and organokines, dysregulated blood glucose and long-lasting hyperglycemia in T2D is associated with changes in metabolism with metabolites from different tissues contributing to the development of this disease. Recent data suggest that metabolites, such as lipids including free fatty acids and amino acids, play important roles in the interorgan crosstalk during the development of T2D. In general, metabolic remodeling affects physiological homeostasis and impacts the development of T2D. Hence, we highlight the importance of metabolic interorgan crosstalk in this review to gain enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiology of T2D, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Na Zhao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Albert Salehi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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14
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Lee WL, Wang PH, Yang ST, Liu CH, Chang WH, Lee FK. To do one and to get more: Part II. Diabetes and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseases. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:1109-1119. [PMID: 36279128 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by inability of faulty pancreatic β-cells to secret a normal amount of insulin to maintain normal body consumption, and/or peripheral tissue has a decreased susceptibility to insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Similar to other chronic systemic inflammatory diseases, DM is a result from dysregulated interactions between ethnic, genetic, epigenetic, immunoregulatory, hormonal, and environmental factors. Therefore, it is rational to suppose the concept as "To do one and to get more", while using antidiabetic agents (ADA), a main pharmacologic agent for the treatment of DM, can provide an extraglycemia effect on comorbidities or concomittent comorbidities to DM. In this review, based on the much strong correlation between DM and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseases (MAFLD) shown by similar pathophysiological mechanisms and a high prevalence of DM in MAFLD and its vice versa (a high prevalence of MAFLD in DM), it is possible to use the strategy to target both diseases simultaneously. We focus on a new classification of ADA, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonist and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors to show the potential benefits of extraglycemic effect on MAFLD. We conclude that the management of DM patients, especially for those who need ADA as adjuvant therapy should include healthy lifestyle modification to overcome the metabolic syndrome, contributing to the urgent need of an effective weight-reduction strategy. GLP1R agonist is one of effective body weight-lowering medications, which may be a better choice for DM complicated with MAFLD or its-associated severe form as metabolic associated steatohepatitis (MASH), although the role of SGLT-2 inhibitors is also impressive. The prescription of these two classes of ADA may satisfy the concept "To do one and to get more", based on successful sugar-lowering effect for controlling DM and extraglycemia benefits of hepatoprotective activity in DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ling Lee
- Department of Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nursing, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Ting Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hao Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Hsun Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fa-Kung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathy General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Diosgenin Ameliorated Type II Diabetes-Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Inhibiting De Novo Lipogenesis and Improving Fatty Acid Oxidation and Mitochondrial Function in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234994. [PMID: 36501024 PMCID: PMC9738614 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin (DIO) is a dietary and phytochemical steroidal saponin representing multiple activities. The present study investigated the protective effect of DIO on type II diabetes-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (D-NAFLD). The rat model was established by high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection and then administered DIO for 8 weeks. The results showed that DIO reduced insulin resistance index, improved dyslipidemia, and relieved pancreatic damage. DIO decreased hepatic injury markers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). H&E staining showed that DIO relieved hepatic lipid deposition. Mechanistically, DIO inhibited hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and increased fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) through regulation of the AMPK-ACC/SREBP1 pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was inhibited by DIO through regulation of PERK and IRE1 arms, which may then inhibit DNL. DIO also decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the antioxidant capacity via an increase in Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The mitochondria are the site for FAO, and ROS can damage mitochondrial function. DIO relieved mitochondrial fission and fusion disorder by inhibiting DRP1 and increasing MFN1/MFN2 expressions. Mitochondrial apoptosis was then inhibited by DIO. In conclusion, the present study suggests that DIO protects against D-NAFLD by inhibiting DNL and improving FAO and mitochondrial function.
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Lonardo A, Mantovani A, Petta S, Carraro A, Byrne CD, Targher G. Metabolic mechanisms for and treatment of NAFLD or NASH occurring after liver transplantation. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:638-650. [PMID: 35840803 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The rising tide of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with the obesity epidemic is a major health concern worldwide. NAFLD - specifically its more advanced form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related cirrhosis - is now the fastest growing indication for liver transplantation in the USA and Europe. Although the short-term and mid-term overall survival rates of patients who receive a liver transplant for NASH-related cirrhosis are essentially similar to those of patients who receive a transplant for other liver indications, recipients with NASH-related cirrhosis have an increased risk of waiting-list mortality and of developing recurrent liver disease and cardiometabolic complications in the longer term after liver transplantation. This Review provides a brief overview of the epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH and the occurrence of NAFLD or NASH in patients after liver transplantation for NASH and other liver indications. It also discusses the putative metabolic mechanisms underlying the emergence of NAFLD or NASH after liver transplantation as well as optimal therapeutic approaches for recipients of liver transplants, including the management of cardiometabolic comorbidities, tailored immunosuppression, lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Lonardo
- Metabolic Syndrome Unit, University of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mantovani
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PROMISE, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Amedeo Carraro
- Liver Transplant Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Liu Y, Liu X, Zhou W, Zhang J, Wu J, Guo S, Jia S, Wang H, Li J, Tan Y. Integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals potential mechanisms associated with intestinal flora intervention in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30184. [PMID: 36086766 PMCID: PMC10980383 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that imposes a huge economic burden on global public health. And the gut-liver axis theory supports the therapeutic role of intestinal flora in the development and progression of NAFLD. To this end, we designed bioinformatics study on the relationship between intestinal flora disorder and NAFLD, to explore the possible molecular mechanism of intestinal flora interfering with NAFLD. METHODS Differentially expressed genes for NAFLD were obtained from the GEO database. And the disease genes for NAFLD and intestinal flora disorder were obtained from the disease databases. The protein-protein interaction network was established by string 11.0 database and visualized by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Cytoscape plug-in MCODE and cytoHubba were used to screen the potential genes of intestinal flora disorder and NAFLD, to obtain potential targets for intestinal flora to interfere in the occurrence and process of NAFLD. Enrichment analysis of potential targets was carried out using R 4.0.2 software. RESULTS The results showed that 7 targets might be the key genes for intestinal flora to interfere with NAFLD. CCL2, IL6, IL1B, and FOS are mainly related to the occurrence and development mechanism of NAFLD, while PTGS2, SPINK1, and C5AR1 are mainly related to the intervention of intestinal flora in the occurrence and development of NAFLD. The gene function is mainly reflected in basic biological processes, including the regulation of metabolic process, epithelial development, and immune influence. The pathway is mainly related to signal transduction, immune regulation, and physiological metabolism. The TNF signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic activity, and NF-Kappa B signaling pathways are important pathways for intestinal flora to interfere with NAFLD. According to the analysis results, there is a certain correlation between intestinal flora disorder and NAFLD. CONCLUSION It is speculated that the mechanism by which intestinal flora may interfere with the occurrence and development of NAFLD is mainly related to inflammatory response and insulin resistance. Nevertheless, further research is needed to explore the specific molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haojia Wang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Tan
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wang A, Gong Y, Pei Z, Jiang L, Xia L, Wu Y. Paeoniflorin ameliorates diabetic liver injury by targeting the TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in db/db mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108792. [PMID: 35483236 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic liver injury (DLI) is a complication that damages the quality of life in diabetes patients. While paeoniflorin (PF) exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, no data are available on whether PF protects against DLI. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of PF on hepatic steatosis and inflammation in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of PF on DLI using diabetic mice model (db/db mice) and high glucose (HG)-induced mouse AML12 cells. The effects of PF on TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro were evaluated by Western bloting, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis. Through molecular docking experiments and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), we studied the binding ability of PF to thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). We use TXNIP siRNA to knock down TXNIP in AML12 cells. RESULTS We found that PF reversed abnormal liver function and liver steatosis in db/db mice, while blocking the release of inflammatory cytokines. These effects are associated with PF inhibition of the TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Molecular docking experiments and CETSA also demonstrated that TXNIP is a likely target of PF. In HG-treated AML12 cells, TXNIP knockdown eliminated the beneficial effects of PF. CONCLUSION Using a combination of animal and in vitro experiments, this study demonstrated for the first time that PF ameliorates DLI through targeting the TXNIP-activated NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, PF may be a potential therapeutic agent against DLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anli Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Yingjie Gong
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Zhixin Pei
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China
| | - Lingling Xia
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China.
| | - Yonggui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, PR China; Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
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Cheng PW, Liang HL, Lin HL, Hao CL, Tseng YH, Tu YC, Yeh BC, Shen KP. Pre-germinated brown rice alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high fructose and high fat intake in rat. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:248-255. [PMID: 35692676 PMCID: PMC9130058 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In past researches, we had been proved the action mechanism of pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) to treat metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. This study was to investigate the protective effect of PGBR in high fructose and high fat-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rodents. WKY rats were divided into: Control group was fed normal drinking water and diet; FLD group was fed 10% high-fructose-water (HFW) and high-fat-diet (HFD); PGBR group was given HFW, and HFD mixed PGBR. After four weeks, the body, hepatic and cardiac weight gains of FLD group had significant increases than that of Control group. The enhanced blood pressure and heart rate, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, and higher liver function index (GPT levels) were observed; meanwhile, the IL-6 and TNF-α levels of serum, and TG level of liver were also elevated in FLD group. The related protein expressions of lipid synthesis, inflammation, cardiac fibrosis, and hypertrophy were deteriorated by HFW/HFD. However, in treatment group, PGBR decreased all above influenced parameters, additionally GOT; and related protein expressions. PGBR treated HFW/HFD-induced NAFLD and cardiac complications might be via improving lipid homeostasis, and inhibiting inflammation. Together, PGBR could be used as a healthy food for controlling NAFLD and its’ cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Hsin-Li Liang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital
| | - Hui-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
| | - Chi-Long Hao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital
| | - Yu-Hsiu Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
| | - Yi-Chen Tu
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
| | - Bor-Chun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism
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Wang H, Liu S, Cui Y, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang X, Liu J, Piao C. Hepatoprotective effects of flavonoids from common buckwheat hulls in type 2 diabetic rats and HepG2 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4793-4802. [PMID: 34531992 PMCID: PMC8441485 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids from common buckwheat hulls (BHFs) show significant antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. However, their hepatoprotective property is yet to be defined. This study aims to examine the hepatoprotective effect of BHFs in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats and chronic high glucose-damaged HepG2 cells. Results showed that BHF treatment significantly relieves the state of insulin resistance, thereby reducing blood glucose and improving oxidative stress in T2DM rats. It is worth mentioning that BHF treatment improved diabetes-induced liver damage disorders, manifested as the clearance of liver fat and the decline of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. In vitro, HepG2 cells pretreated with BHFs maintained higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and catalase (CAT) activities than the unprotected group. In parallel, compared with the unprotected group, BHFs significantly reduced the leakage of ALT and AST in pre-protected group dose-dependently. These results indicated that BHFs had considerable antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential and could be promising to be used as nutraceuticals and dietary supplements to prevent and/or protect against liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Shuyan Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yang Cui
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yang Guo
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Junmei Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep ProcessingChangchunChina
| | - Chunhong Piao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep ProcessingChangchunChina
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Abd El-Hameed AM, Yousef AI, Abd El-Twab SM, El-Shahawy AAG, Abdel-Moneim A. Hepatoprotective Effects of Polydatin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles in Diabetic Rats: Modulation of Glucose Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Biomarkers. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:179-189. [PMID: 33832416 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polydatin (PD) has a broad range of pharmacological activities; however, its effects on diabetic liver damage are poorly studies. This work is aimed to explore possible protective effects of polydatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PD-CSNPs) or PD against liver damage associated with diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats using nicotinamide/streptozotocin treatment. Diabetic rats were then divided into six groups: normal control rats, diabetic control rats, and rats orally treated with PD, PD-CSNPs, equivalent unloaded CSNPs, or metformin daily for 4 weeks. Treatment with PD and PD-CSNPs significantly reduced the blood glucose content, lipid peroxidation in the liver, and activities of serum transaminases and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (including succinate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase); by contrast, liver glycogen content, glutathione concentration, and activities of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were markedly increased compared with the control diabetic rats. Furthermore, expression of the tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β mRNAs was significantly downregulated, while expression of glucose transporter 2 and glucokinase mRNAs was strongly upregulated vs. control diabetic rats. We concluded that PD-CSNPs and PD ameliorate diabetic liver damage by modulating glucose transporter 2 expression, affecting the activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, and suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, PD-CSNPs being more efficient than PD, probably due to higher bioavailability and prolonged release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Abd El-Hameed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, 30002, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed I Yousef
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Sanaa M Abd El-Twab
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A G El-Shahawy
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
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22
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Lin CY, Adhikary P, Cheng K. Cellular protein markers, therapeutics, and drug delivery strategies in the treatment of diabetes-associated liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:127-139. [PMID: 33857552 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix due to chronic injuries, such as viral infection, alcohol abuse, high-fat diet, and toxins. Liver fibrosis is reversible before it progresses to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Type 2 diabetes significantly increases the risk of developing various complications including liver diseases. Abundant evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes and liver diseases are bidirectionally associated. Patients with type 2 diabetes experience more severe symptoms and accelerated progression of live diseases. Obesity and insulin resistance resulting from hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia are regarded as the two major risk factors that link type 2 diabetes and liver fibrosis. This review summarizes possible mechanisms of the association between type 2 diabetes and liver fibrosis. The cellular protein markers that can be used for diagnosis and therapy of type 2 diabetes-associated liver fibrosis are discussed. We also highlight the potential therapeutic agents and their delivery systems that have been investigated for type 2 diabetes-associated liver fibrosis.
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23
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Gupta M, Krishan P, Kaur A, Arora S, Trehanpati N, Singh TG, Bedi O. Mechanistic and physiological approaches of fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of NAFLD. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:765-776. [PMID: 34212214 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifaceted disease allied with various metabolic disorders, obesity and dysbiosis. Gut microbiota plays an influential role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and other metabolic disorders. However, recent scientific upsurge emphasizes on the utility of beneficial gut microbiota and bacteriotherapy in the management of NAFLD. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the contemporary therapeutic approach with state-of-the-art methods for the treatment of NAFLD. Other potential therapies include probiotics and prebiotics supplements which are based on alteration of gut microbes to treat NAFLD. In this review, our major focus is on the pathological association of gut microbiota with progression of NAFLD, historical aspects and recent advances in FMT with possible intervention to combat NAFLD and its associated metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Onkar Bedi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh-Patiala National Highway (NH-64), Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India.
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Bedi O, Srivastava N, Parsad D, Krishan P. Fatty acid synthase inhibition ameliorates diabetes induced liver injury in rodent experimental model. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 901:174078. [PMID: 33839087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal dietary life style leads to hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance with ectopic lipid accumulation and elevated levels of hepatic glucose development which are the underlying pathological characteristics of fatty liver diseases. The pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid synthase of de novo lipogenesis may regulate the dysfunctional lipid biotransformation and reverse the pathological state of diabetic liver injury. The three pharmacological interventions (PTS; Pterostilbene, ARB; Arbutin, PUR; Purpurin) were administered to manage the condition of diabetic liver injury against the high fat diet (HFD) + Streptozotocin (STZ) 30 mg/kg b.wt. rodent animal model to observe the effect of abnormal fatty acid synthesis. The qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression which is independently allied with diabetes associated fatty liver disorders. To determine the therapeutic potential of three selected drugs, the biochemical parameters and histopathological considerations were utilized. Three subsequent dosage of PTS, ARB and PUR administered (i.e., 30,60 & 120 mg/kg/p.o.) for five weeks significantly alter the serum parameters, oxidative burden in HFD-STZ which, in turn, resulted in diabetic liver injury. It was also revealed that increased mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN), which is known to promote abnormal fatty acid synthesis through different molecular signaling pathways, was associated with the development of diabetes associated liver injury, this expression was observed to be significantly suppressed by PTS, ARB and PUR treatment. Moreover, the studies of histopathology showed that there was substantial structural improvement after PTS, ARB and PUR treatment. All three selected drugs have been shown to be effective for Diabetic liver injury (DLI) care but PTS shows impressive results compared to other selected drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Bedi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Niharika Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Davinder Parsad
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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25
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Salunkhe SA, Chitkara D, Mahato RI, Mittal A. Lipid based nanocarriers for effective drug delivery and treatment of diabetes associated liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:394-415. [PMID: 33831474 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a cluster of several liver diseases like hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis which may eventually progress to liver carcinoma. One of the primary key factors associated with the development and pathogenesis of NAFLD is diabetes mellitus. The present review emphasizes on diabetes-associated development of liver fibrosis and its treatment using different lipid nanoparticles such as stable nucleic acid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, and conjugates including phospholipid, fatty acid and steroid-based. We have comprehensively described the various pathological and molecular events linking effects of elevated free fatty acid levels, insulin resistance, and diabetes with the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Various passive and active targeting strategies explored for targeting hepatic stellate cells, a key target in liver fibrosis, have also been discussed in detail in this review.
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26
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Kondo T, Miyakawa N, Kitano S, Watanabe T, Goto R, Suico MA, Sato M, Takaki Y, Sakaguchi M, Igata M, Kawashima J, Motoshima H, Matsumura T, Kai H, Araki E. Activation of heat shock response improves biomarkers of NAFLD in patients with metabolic diseases. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:521-533. [PMID: 33883285 PMCID: PMC8183630 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often accompanied by metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Heat shock response (HSR) is one of the most important homeostatic abilities but is deteriorated by chronic metabolic insults. Heat shock (HS) with an appropriate mild electrical stimulation (MES) activates HSR and improves metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and inflammation in metabolic disorders. To analyze the effects of HS + MES treatment on NAFLD biomarkers, three cohorts including healthy men (two times/week, n = 10), patients with metabolic syndrome (four times/week, n = 40), and patients with T2DM (n = 100; four times/week (n = 40) and two, four, seven times/week (n = 20 each)) treated with HS + MES were retrospectively analyzed. The healthy subjects showed no significant alterations in NAFLD biomarkers after the treatment. In patients with metabolic syndrome, many of the NAFLD steatosis markers, including fatty liver index, NAFLD-liver fat score, liver/spleen ratio and hepatic steatosis index and NAFLD fibrosis marker, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio, were improved upon the treatment. In patients with T2DM, all investigated NAFLD steatosis markers were improved and NAFLD fibrosis markers such as the AST/ALT ratio, fibrosis-4 index and NAFLD-fibrosis score were improved upon the treatment. Thus, HS + MES, a physical intervention, may become a novel treatment strategy for NAFLD as well as metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kondo
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed to T Kondo:
| | - Nobukazu Miyakawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kitano
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Watanabe
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Rieko Goto
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mary Ann Suico
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miki Sato
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Takaki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaji Sakaguchi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Igata
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junji Kawashima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Motoshima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsumura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Araki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-Ward, Kumamoto, Japan
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Lee H, Jose PA. Coordinated Contribution of NADPH Oxidase- and Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Implication in Renal Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:670076. [PMID: 34017260 PMCID: PMC8129499 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.670076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a complex of interrelated risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is comprised of central obesity (increased waist circumference), hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia (high triglyceride blood levels, low high-density lipoprotein blood levels), and increased blood pressure. Oxidative stress, caused by the imbalance between pro-oxidant and endogenous antioxidant systems, is the primary pathological basis of MetS. The major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated with MetS are nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the generation of ROS from NADPH oxidases and mitochondria, discuss the NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS signaling and pathophysiological effects, and the interplay between these two major sources of ROS, which leads to chronic inflammation, adipocyte proliferation, insulin resistance, and other metabolic abnormalities. The mechanisms linking MetS and chronic kidney disease are not well known. The role of NADPH oxidases and mitochondria in renal injury in the setting of MetS, particularly the influence of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in oxidative stress, inflammation, and subsequent renal injury, is highlighted. Understanding the molecular mechanism(s) underlying MetS may lead to novel therapeutic approaches by targeting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in MetS and prevent its sequelae of chronic cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewang Lee
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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Zhu Y, Su Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Han Y, Dong X, Li W, Li W. Astragaloside IV alleviates liver injury in type 2 diabetes due to promotion of AMPK/mTOR‑mediated autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:437. [PMID: 33846768 PMCID: PMC8060804 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic liver injury is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is often irreversible in the later stage, and affects the quality of life. Autophagy serves an important role in the occurrence and development of diabetic liver injury. For example, it can improve insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a natural saponin isolated from the plant Astragalus membranaceus, which has comprehensive pharmacological effects, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis properties, as well as can enhance immunity. However, whether AS-IV can alleviate diabetic liver injury in T2DM and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The present study used high-fat diets combined with low-dose streptozotocin to induce a diabetic liver injury model in T2DM rats to investigate whether AS-IV could alleviate diabetic liver injury and to identify its underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that AS-IV treatment could restore changes in food intake, water intake, urine volume and body weight, as well as improve liver function and glucose homeostasis in T2DM rats. Moreover, AS-IV treatment promoted suppressed autophagy in the liver of T2DM rats and improved IR, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. In addition, AS-IV activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which inhibited mTOR. Taken together, the present study suggested that AS-IV alleviated diabetic liver injury in T2DM rats, and its mechanism may be associated with the promotion of AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy, which further improved IR, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, the regulation of autophagy may be an effective strategy to treat diabetic liver injury in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xianan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weizu Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti‑Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Focus on New Biomarkers and Lifestyle Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083899. [PMID: 33918878 PMCID: PMC8069944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, characterized from pathological changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Its main characteristics are excessive lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, which create a lipotoxic environment in hepatocytes leading to liver injury. Recently, many studies have focused on the identification of the genetic and epigenetic modifications that also contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis and their prognostic implications. The present review is aimed to discuss on cellular and metabolic alterations associated with NAFLD, which can be helpful to identify new noninvasive biomarkers. The identification of accumulated lipids in the cell membranes, as well as circulating cytokeratins and exosomes, provides new insights in understanding of NAFLD. This review also suggests that lifestyle modifications remain the main prevention and/or treatment for NAFLD.
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30
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Liver proteomics analysis reveals abnormal metabolism of bile acid and arachidonic acid in Chinese hamsters with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Proteomics 2021; 239:104186. [PMID: 33722748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-obese, spontaneous, and genetically predisposed type 2 diabetic Chinese hamsters exhibit metabolic abnormalities similar to those observed in human T2DM. Here, tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics technology was used to screen and identify differentially abundant proteins in the liver that are associated with diabetes in Chinese hamsters. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted to validate the findings, as well as qRT-PCR and western blotting. In total, 103 proteins were identified in the livers of diabetic hamsters, of which 48 were up-regulated and 55 were down-regulated. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further demonstrated that linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, bile secretion, and other pathways were affected. Moreover, AQP9 and EPHX1 were significantly down-regulated in the bile secretion pathway, whereas PTGES2, Cyp2c27, and Cyp2c70 were associated with the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. Serum levels of bile acid (BA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in diabetic Chinese hamsters were significantly higher than those in control hamsters. Cumulatively, our findings indicate that the five candidate proteins may be associated with abnormal BA and AA metabolism, suggesting their involvement in pathological changes in the livers of Chinese hamsters with T2DM. SIGNIFICANCE: The liver proteomics of Chinese hamsters describes differentially abundant proteins associated with T2DM, while promoting this animal model as an appropriate and ideal platform for investigating underlying molecular mechanisms of T2DM. This study reveals abnormal bile acid and arachidonic acid metabolism in T2DM hamsters, which may provide insights for studying the relationship between candidate proteins and KEGG pathways to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism associated with T2DM.
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31
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Shannon CE, Ragavan M, Palavicini JP, Fourcaudot M, Bakewell TM, Valdez IA, Ayala I, Jin ES, Madesh M, Han X, Merritt ME, Norton L. Insulin resistance is mechanistically linked to hepatic mitochondrial remodeling in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2021; 45:101154. [PMID: 33359401 PMCID: PMC7811046 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance and altered hepatic mitochondrial function are central features of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the etiological role of these processes in disease progression remains unclear. Here we investigated the molecular links between insulin resistance, mitochondrial remodeling, and hepatic lipid accumulation. METHODS Hepatic insulin sensitivity, endogenous glucose production, and mitochondrial metabolic fluxes were determined in wild-type, obese (ob/ob) and pioglitazone-treatment obese mice using a combination of radiolabeled tracer and stable isotope NMR approaches. Mechanistic studies of pioglitazone action were performed in isolated primary hepatocytes, whilst molecular hepatic lipid species were profiled using shotgun lipidomics. RESULTS Livers from obese, insulin-resistant mice displayed augmented mitochondrial content and increased tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activities. Insulin sensitization with pioglitazone mitigated pyruvate-driven TCA cycle activity and PDH activation via both allosteric (intracellular pyruvate availability) and covalent (PDK4 and PDP2) mechanisms that were dependent on PPARγ activity in isolated primary hepatocytes. Improved mitochondrial function following pioglitazone treatment was entirely dissociated from changes in hepatic triglycerides, diacylglycerides, or fatty acids. Instead, we highlight a role for the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin, which underwent pathological remodeling in livers from obese mice that was reversed by insulin sensitization. CONCLUSION Our findings identify targetable mitochondrial features of T2D and NAFLD and highlight the benefit of insulin sensitization in managing the clinical burden of obesity-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris E Shannon
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mukundan Ragavan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marcel Fourcaudot
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Terry M Bakewell
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ivan A Valdez
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Iriscilla Ayala
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eunsook S Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Luke Norton
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Duseja A, Dhiman RK, Premkumar M. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Lessons Learnt in the Last Five Years. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021; 11:159-162. [PMID: 33746439 PMCID: PMC7953007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Radha K. Dhiman
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Madhumita Premkumar
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
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Joseph A, Parvathy S, Varma KK, Nandakumar A. Four weeks exercise training enhanced the hepatic insulin sensitivity in high fat- and high carbohydrate-diet fed hyperinsulinemic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1583-1592. [PMID: 33520854 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim Hyperinsulinemia is considered the primary defect underlying the development of type 2 diabetes. The liver is essential for the regular glucose homeostasis. In this study, we examined the effect of physical training on the insulin signaling, oxidative stress enzymes and Glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase) activity in the liver of Wistar rats. Methods Adult male Wistar rats were divided into Control diet group(C), High carbohydrate diet(HCD), High fat diet(HFD), HCD and HFD with training(HCD Ex & HFD Ex). HFD Ex and HCD Ex were trained on a small animal treadmill running at 20 m/min for 30 min, 5 days/wk. The present work investigated the effect of training on hepatic insulin receptor(InsR) signaling events, oxidative stress marker expressions and G6Pase activity in hyperinsulinemic rats. Results High carbohydrate and fat feeding led to hyperinsulinemic status with increased hepatic G6Pase activity and impaired phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS1) and reduced expression of antioxidant enzymes.Training significantly reduced hepatic G6Pase activity, upregulated phosphoinositide 3 kinase(PI3K) docking site phosphorylation and downregulated the negative IRS1 phosphorylations thereby increasing the glucose transporter(GLUT) expressions (aa(P < 0.001) when compared to HFD, b(P < 0.01),bb (P < 0.001 when compared to HCD). Anti oxidant enzymes like CAT, SOD, eNOS expression were increased with reduction in the expression of inflammatory enzymes like TNF-α and COX-2 (*(P < 0.05),**(P < 0.01),***(P < 0.001) when compared to control, †(P < 0.05),††(P < 0.01),†††(P < 0.001) when compared to HFD and HCD). Conclusion Thus, our study shows that four weeks training enhanced the hepatic insulin sensitivity in high fat and high carbohydrate-diet fed hyperinsulinemic rats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-020-00694-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Joseph
- MIMS Research Foundation, Mankavu P.O., Calicut, Kerala 673007 India
| | - S Parvathy
- MIMS Research Foundation, Mankavu P.O., Calicut, Kerala 673007 India
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Bedi O, Aggarwal S, Trehanpati N, Ramakrishna G, Grewal AS, Krishan P. In vitro targeted screening and molecular docking of stilbene, quinones, and flavonoid on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes for anti-adipogenic actions. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:2093-2106. [PMID: 32588069 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In metabolic disorders like obesity, NAFLD and T2DM, adipocytes are dysfunctional. Hence, pharmacological interventions have importance in preventing differentiation of adipocytes and stimulating lipid uptake. We, therefore, investigated the effects of arbutin (ARB), purpurin (PUR), quercetin (QR), and pterostilbene (PTS) on adipocyte differentiation and lipid uptake using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Further, in silico docking studies were achieved to investigate interactions of ARB, PUR, QR, and PTS with beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) and thioesterase (TE) domains of fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzyme. Mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to investigate the anti-adipogenic effect of selected pharmacological agents by Oil Red O staining and in vitro fatty acid uptake analysis. Molecular docking studies were performed to predict the binding interactions of selected compounds with KR and TE domains of FAS enzyme. All these agents significantly decrease the adipocyte differentiation and showed the stimulatory effect on fatty acid uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, PTS and PUR proved to be anti-adipogenic, whereas ARB and QR showed significant effect on fatty acid uptake, compared to others. Similarly, all the compounds displayed significant binding interactions with KR and TE domains of FAS enzyme, supporting the results of in vitro studies. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Savera Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Zhang X, Bai R, Jia Y, Zong J, Wang Y, Dong Y. The effect of liraglutide on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-020-00857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
The objective is to investigate the effects of liraglutide on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods
Thirty-two patients with T2DM and NAFLD admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from December 2014 to December 2016 were selected, including 11 females and 21 males, aged 39.34 ± 8.54 years old. The patients were given liraglutide on the basis of their original hypoglycemic regimen.
Results
After 3 months treatment of liraglutide, FPG was reduced from 8.54 ± 2.21 mmol/L to 6.90 ± 1.73 mmol/L. HbA1c was reduced from 9.72 ± 1.95 to 7.78 ± 1.99. WC was reduced from 103.27 ± 9.92 kg to 93.97 ± 8.35 kg. BMI was reduced from 30.56 ± 4.06 kg/m2 to 28.01 ± 3.12 kg/m2. FLI was reduced from 79.23 ± 16.56 to 58.83 ± 19.75. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). TG was reduced from 2.95 ± 2.13 mmol/L to 2.27 ± 1.31 mmol/L. The difference was significant (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, HOMA-IR was reduced from 1.504 ± 0.002 to 1.503 ± 0.002. GGT was reduced from 62.63 ± 71.61 U/L to 38.13 ± 30.13 U/L. AST was reduced from 27.25 ± 13.74 U/L to 25.44 ± 16.69 U/L. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). After treatment, FCP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT, and HOMA-β were also improved compared with before treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
In addition to effectively lowering glucose and improving islet resistance, liraglutide could also improve obesity and adjust blood lipids. However, the improvement of islet function might not be significant after 3 months of treatment. Liraglutide could reduce liver fat accumulation in patients with T2DM and NAFLD.
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Yoshida K, Yokota K, Kutsuwada Y, Nakayama K, Watanabe K, Matsumoto A, Miyashita H, Khor SS, Tokunaga K, Kawai Y, Nagasaki M, Iwamoto S. Genome-Wide Association Study of Lean Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Suggests Human Leukocyte Antigen as a Novel Candidate Locus. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1124-1135. [PMID: 32766473 PMCID: PMC7395061 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is supposed to manifest its metabolic phenotype in the liver, but it is common to have lean individuals diagnosed with NAFLD, known as lean NAFLD. We conducted a two-stage analysis to identify NAFLD-associated loci in Japanese patients. In stage I, 275 metabolically healthy normal-weight patients with NAFLD were compared with 1,411 non-NAFLD controls adjusted for age, sex, and alcohol consumption by a genome-wide association study (GWAS). In stage II, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in chromosome 6 (chr6) (P = 6.73E-08), microRNA (MIR) MIR548F3 in chr7 (P = 4.25E-07), myosin light chain 2 (MYL2) in chr12 (P = 4.39E-07), and glycoprotein precursor (GPC)6 in chr13 (P = 5.43E-07), as suggested by the GWAS, were assessed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analysis of whole NAFLD against non-NAFLD in 9,726 members of the general population. A minor allele of the secondary lead SNP in chr6, rs2076529, was significantly associated (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.28; P = 2.10E-06) and the lead SNP in chr7 was weakly associated (OR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04-1.27; P = 6.19E-03) with increased NAFLD risk. Imputation-based typing of HLA showed a significant difference in the distribution of HLA-B, HLA-DR-beta chain 1 (DRB1), and HLA-DQ-beta chain 1 (DQB1) alleles in lean NAFLD GWAS. Next-generation sequence-based typing of HLA in 5,649 members of the general population replicated the significant difference of HLA-B allele distribution and the significant increase of the HLA-B*54:01 allele in whole NAFLD. Fecal metagenomic analysis of 3,420 members of the general population showed significant dissimilarity in beta-diversity analysis of rs2076529 and HLA-B*54:01 allele carriers from noncarriers. Veillonellaceae was increased but Verrucomicrobia was decreased in rs2076529 minor allele and HLA-B*54:01 allele carriers as in NAFLD. Conclusion: HLA was identified as a novel locus associated with NAFLD susceptibility, which might be affected by the alteration of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Yoshida
- Division of Human Genetics Center for Molecular Medicine Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke Japan
| | - Kazuha Yokota
- Division of Human Genetics Center for Molecular Medicine Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke Japan
| | - Yukinobu Kutsuwada
- Division of Human Genetics Center for Molecular Medicine Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke Japan.,Forensic Science Laboratory Tochigi Prefecture Police Headquarters Utsunomiya Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakayama
- Division of Human Genetics Center for Molecular Medicine Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke Japan.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology Department of Integrated Biosciences Graduate School of Frontier Sciences University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Watanabe
- Division of Human Genetics Center for Molecular Medicine Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsumoto
- Division of Human Genetics Center for Molecular Medicine Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke Japan
| | | | - Seik-Soon Khor
- Genome Medical Science Project National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan.,Department of Human Genetics Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Genome Medical Science Project National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan.,Department of Human Genetics Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Genome Medical Science Project National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan.,Department of Human Genetics Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Masao Nagasaki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization Tohoku University Sendai Japan.,Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Sadahiko Iwamoto
- Division of Human Genetics Center for Molecular Medicine Jichi Medical University Shimotsuke Japan
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Ormazabal P, Cifuentes M, Varì R, Scazzocchio B, Masella R, Pacheco I, Vega W, Paredes A, Morales G. Hydroethanolic Extract of Lampaya Medicinalis Phil. ( Verbenaceae) Decreases Proinflammatory Marker Expression in Palmitic Acid-exposed Macrophages. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:1309-1320. [PMID: 32400338 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200513082300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major health problem associated with increased comorbidities, which are partially triggered by inflammation. Proinflammatory macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue of individuals with obesity increases chronic inflammation. Obesity is associated with elevated plasma levels of saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (PA), which promotes inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Infusions of Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) are used in the folk medicine of Northern Chile to counteract inflammation of rheumatic diseases. Hydroethanolic extract of lampaya (HEL) contains spectrophotometrically defined compounds that may contribute to the observed effect on inflammation. METHODS We evaluated the phytochemical composition of HEL by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization- tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). We assessed whether the exposure to HEL affects PA-induced expression of proinflammatory factors in THP-1 macrophages. RESULTS HPLC-DAD and LC-ESI-MS/MS analyses showed the presence of considerable amounts of flavonoids in HEL. The PA-induced phosphorylation of the inflammatory pathway mediators IKK and NF-κB, as well as the elevated expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), were reduced in cells pre-exposed to HEL. CONCLUSION These findings give new insights about the effect of HEL reducing IKK/NF-κB proinflammatory pathway, likely explained by the number of flavonoids contained in the extract. More studies would be needed to define the possible role of Lampaya as a preventive approach in subjects with obesity whose circulating PA might contribute to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Ormazabal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 611, 2820000 Rancagua, Chile.,Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults (OMEGA), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rosaria Varì
- Center for Gender- Specific Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scazzocchio
- Center for Gender- Specific Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Masella
- Center for Gender- Specific Medicine, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Igor Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica y Expresion Genica, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wladimir Vega
- Laboratorio de Bioinformatica y Expresion Genica, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Av. El Líbano 5524, 7830490 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrián Paredes
- Laboratorio de Quimica Biologica, Instituto Antofagasta (IA) and Departamento de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, 1240000 Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Glauco Morales
- Laboratorio de Quimica Biologica, Instituto Antofagasta (IA) and Departamento de Quimica, Facultad de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Angamos 601, 1240000 Antofagasta, Chile
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Shi Z, Xiao Z, Hu L, Gao Y, Zhao J, Liu Y, Shen G, Xu Q, Huang D. The genetic association between type 2 diabetic and hepatocellular carcinomas. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:380. [PMID: 32355824 PMCID: PMC7186634 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are both major health problems throughout the world. It has been reported that T2DM is an independent risk factor for HCC, although the pathophysiology is still unclear. Methods In order to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T2DM and HCC, gene expression datasets for T2DM (GSE15653), HCC (GSE60502) and metformin-treated cells (GSE69850) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database repository. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for the DEGs were constructed and gene clusters selected for functional enrichment analysis. Ten genes with the highest degree of connectivity were selected as hub genes and prognostic analysis together with analysis of gene expression and protein distribution were performed for these genes. Lastly, we investigated associations between the hub genes and genes associated with metformin treatment in hepatocarcinoma cells. Results In total, 256 common DEGs, including 155 up-regulated genes and 101 down-regulated genes, were identified. Enrichment analyses showed that the genes of the major module were largely associated with the cell cycle. All of the 10 hub genes (CCNA2, CCNB1, MAD2L1, BU1B, RACGAP1, CHEK1, BUB1, ASPM, NCAPG and TTK) have a strong association with lower overall survival in liver cancer patients and four genes (CCNA2, CCNB1, CHEK1 and BUB1) have reduced expression in metformin-treated samples. Conclusions This study identified a number of genes that may play important roles in the association of T2DM and HCC, including four genes which may be the target of metformin treatment for diabetes and HCC. The specific mechanisms involved remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zunqiang Xiao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Linjun Hu
- The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuling Gao
- Department of Genetic Laboratory, Shaoxing Women and Children Hospital, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Junjun Zhao
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guoliang Shen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, China
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Ding Y, Zhao J, Liu G, Li Y, Jiang J, Meng Y, Xu T, Wu K. Total Bilirubin Predicts Severe Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy and the Possible Causal Mechanism. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:7219852. [PMID: 32832563 PMCID: PMC7421159 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7219852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection and treatment are key to delaying the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), avoiding loss of vision, and reducing the burden of advanced disease. Our study is aimed at determining if total bilirubin has a predictive value for DR progression and exploring the potential mechanism involved in this pathogenesis. A total of 540 patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) were enrolled between July 2014 and September 2016 and assigned into a progression group (N = 67) or a stable group (N = 473) based on the occurrence of diabetic macular edema (DME), vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, or other conditions that may cause severe loss of vision following a telephonic interview in August 2019. After further communication, 108 patients consented to an outpatient consultation between September and November 2019. Our findings suggest the following: (1) TBIL were significant independent predictors of DR progression (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.54-0.89, p = 0.006). (2) Examination of outpatients indicated that compared to stable group patients, progression group patients had more components of urobilinogen and LPS but a lower concentration of TBIL. The relationship between bilirubin and severe DR was statistically significant after adjusting for sex, age, diabetes duration, type of diabetes, FPG, and HbA1c (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.912-0.986, p = 0.016). The addition of serum LPS and/or urobilinogen attenuated this association. This study concludes that total bilirubin predicts an increased risk of severe DR progression. Decreasing bilirubin might be attributed to the increased levels of LPS and urobilinogen, which may indicate that the change of bilirubin levels is secondary to intestinal flora disorder and/or intestinal barrier destruction. Further prospective investigations are necessary to explore the causal associations for flora disorder, intestinal barrier destruction, and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hefei Binhu Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Junmin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hefei Binhu Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Gangsheng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hefei Binhu Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Yinglong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hefei Binhu Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hefei Binhu Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Yun Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hefei Binhu Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hefei Binhu Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hefei Binhu Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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Wang G, Zou H, Lai C, Huang X, Yao Y, Xiang G. Repression of MicroRNA-124-3p Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hepatosteatosis by Targeting Pref-1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:589994. [PMID: 33324345 PMCID: PMC7726416 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.589994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the common disease in the liver, which is associated with metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accumulated evidence establishes that small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the initiation and progression of NAFLD. However, the molecular repertoire of miRNA in NAFLD is still largely unknown. Here, using an integrative approach spanning bioinformatic analysis and functional approaches, we demonstrate that miR-124-3p participates in the development of NAFLD by directly targeting preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1). In response to high-fat diet (HFD), expression of miR-124-3p was increased in the liver. Inhibition of miR-124-3p expression led to a dramatic reduction of triglyceride contents in hepatocytes, in parallel with decreased inflammatory factors. Mechanistically, miR-124-3p directly controls the transcription of Pref-1, a secretory factor that has been proved to resist metabolic syndrome. Our work identifies a novel molecular axis in hepatosteatosis, and highlights miR-124-3p/Pref-1 as potential targets for clinical interventions of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yutong Yao
- *Correspondence: Yutong Yao, ; Guangming Xiang,
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