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Michelson A, Subramanian A, Kisslinger K, Tiwale N, Xiang S, Shen E, Kahn JS, Nykypanchuk D, Yan H, Nam CY, Gang O. Three-dimensional nanoscale metal, metal oxide, and semiconductor frameworks through DNA-programmable assembly and templating. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0604. [PMID: 38198553 PMCID: PMC10780874 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitecture of inorganic materials is imperative for enabling their novel mechanical, optical, and electronic properties. Here, by exploiting DNA-programmable assembly, we establish a general approach for realizing designed 3D ordered inorganic frameworks. Through inorganic templating of DNA frameworks by liquid- and vapor-phase infiltrations, we demonstrate successful nanofabrication of diverse classes of inorganic frameworks from metal, metal oxide and semiconductor materials, as well as their combinations, including zinc, aluminum, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, indium, tin, and platinum, and composites such as aluminum-doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, and platinum/aluminum-doped zinc oxide. The open 3D frameworks have features on the order of nanometers with architecture prescribed by the DNA frames and self-assembled lattice. Structural and spectroscopic studies reveal the composition and organization of diverse inorganic frameworks, as well as the optoelectronic properties of selected materials. The work paves the road toward establishing a 3D nanoscale lithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Michelson
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Nikhil Tiwale
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Shuting Xiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 817 SW Mudd, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Eric Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 817 SW Mudd, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jason S. Kahn
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Dmytro Nykypanchuk
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Hanfei Yan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Oleg Gang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 817 SW Mudd, New York, NY 10027, USA
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2
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Keren S, Bukowski C, Barzilay M, Kim M, Stolov M, Crosby AJ, Cohen N, Segal-Peretz T. Mechanical Behavior of Hybrid Thin Films Fabricated by Sequential Infiltration Synthesis in Water-Rich Environment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47487-47496. [PMID: 37772864 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) is an emerging technique for fabricating hybrid organic-inorganic materials with nanoscale precision and controlled properties. Central to SIS implementation in applications such as membranes, sensors, and functional coatings is the mechanical properties of hybrid materials in water-rich environments. This work studies the nanocomposite morphology and its effect on the mechanical behavior of SIS-based hybrid thin films of AlOx-PMMA under aqueous environments. Water-supported tensile measurements reveal an unfamiliar behavior dependent on the AlOx content, where the modulus decreases after a single SIS cycle and increases with additional cycles. In contrast, the yield stress constantly decreases as the AlOx content increases. A comparison between water uptake measurements indicates that AlOx induces water uptake from the aqueous environment, implying a "nanoeffect" stemming from AlOx-water interactions. We discuss the two mechanisms that govern the modulus of the hybrid films: softening due to increased water absorption and stiffening as the AlOx volume fraction increases. The decrease in the yield stress with SIS cycles is associated with the limited mobility and extensibility of polymer chains caused by the growth of AlOx clusters. Our study highlights the significance of developing hybrid materials to withstand aqueous or humid conditions which are crucial to their performance and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Keren
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Cynthia Bukowski
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Maya Barzilay
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Myounguk Kim
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mikhail Stolov
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Alfred J Crosby
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Noy Cohen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Tamar Segal-Peretz
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion─Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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3
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Esmeraldo Paiva A, Baez Vasquez JF, Selkirk A, Prochukhan N, G L Medeiros Borsagli F, Morris M. Highly Ordered Porous Inorganic Structures via Block Copolymer Lithography: An Application of the Versatile and Selective Infiltration of the "Inverse" P2VP- b-PS System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35265-35275. [PMID: 35876355 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A facile and versatile strategy was developed to produce highly ordered porous metal oxide structures via block copolymer (BCP) lithography. Phase separation of poly(2-vinylpyridine)-b-polystyrene (P2VP-b-PS) was induced by solvent vapor annealing in a nonselective solvent environment to fabricate cylindrical arrays. In this work, we thoroughly analyzed the effects of the film thickness, solvent annealing time, and temperature on the ordering of a P2VP-majority system for the first time, resulting in "inverse" structures. Reflectometry, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the formation of the highly ordered BCP morphology and the subsequently produced metal oxide film. At 40 min solvent annealing time, hexagonally close packed structures were produced with cylinder diameters ∼40 nm. Subsequently, the BCP films were infiltrated with different metal cations. Metal ions (Cr, Fe, Ni, and Ga) selectively infiltrated the P2VP domain, while the PS did not retain any detectable amount of metal precursor. This gave rise to a metal oxide porous structure after a UV/ozone (UVO) treatment. The results showed that the metal oxide structures demonstrated high fidelity compared to the BCP template and cylindrical domains presented a similar size to the previous PS structure. Moreover, XPS analyses revealed the complete elimination of the BCP template and confirmed the presence of the metal oxides. These metal oxides were used as hard masks for pattern transfer via dry etching as a further application. Silicon nanopores were fabricated mimicking the BCP template and demonstrated a pore depth of ∼50 nm. Ultimately, this strategy can be applied to create different inorganic nanostructures for a diverse range of applications, for example, solar cells, diodes, and integrated circuits. Furthermore, by optimizing the etching parameters, deeper structures can be obtained via ICP/RIE processes, leading to many potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislan Esmeraldo Paiva
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew Selkirk
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
| | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
| | - Fernanda G L Medeiros Borsagli
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri/UFVJM, Av. 01, 4050, Janaúba, MG 39440-039, Brazil
| | - Michael Morris
- AMBER Research Centre/School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02W085, Ireland
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4
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Seguini G, Motta A, Bigatti M, Caligiore FE, Rademaker G, Gharbi A, Tiron R, Tallarida G, Perego M, Cianci E. Al 2O 3 Dot and Antidot Array Synthesis in Hexagonally Packed Poly(styrene- block-methyl methacrylate) Nanometer-Thick Films for Nanostructure Fabrication. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:9818-9828. [PMID: 35937588 PMCID: PMC9344376 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured organic templates originating from self-assembled block copolymers (BCPs) can be converted into inorganic nanostructures by sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS). This capability is particularly relevant within the framework of advanced lithographic applications because of the exploitation of the BCP-based nanostructures as hard masks. In this work, Al2O3 dot and antidot arrays were synthesized by sequential infiltration of trimethylaluminum and water precursors into perpendicularly oriented cylinder-forming poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) BCP thin films. The mechanism governing the effective incorporation of Al2O3 into the PMMA component of the BCP thin films was investigated evaluating the evolution of the lateral and vertical dimensions of Al2O3 dot and antidot arrays as a function of the SIS cycle number. The not-reactive PS component and the PS/PMMA interface in self-assembled PS-b-PMMA thin films result in additional paths for diffusion and supplementary surfaces for sorption of precursor molecules, respectively. Thus, the mass uptake of Al2O3 into the PMMA block of self-assembled PS-b-PMMA thin films is higher than that in pure PMMA thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Seguini
- IMM-CNR,
Unit of Agrate Brianza, Via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza I-20864, Italy
| | - Alessia Motta
- IMM-CNR,
Unit of Agrate Brianza, Via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza I-20864, Italy
| | - Marco Bigatti
- IMM-CNR,
Unit of Agrate Brianza, Via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza I-20864, Italy
| | | | | | - Ahmed Gharbi
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Raluca Tiron
- Univ.
Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Graziella Tallarida
- IMM-CNR,
Unit of Agrate Brianza, Via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza I-20864, Italy
| | - Michele Perego
- IMM-CNR,
Unit of Agrate Brianza, Via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza I-20864, Italy
| | - Elena Cianci
- IMM-CNR,
Unit of Agrate Brianza, Via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza I-20864, Italy
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5
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Subramanian A, Tiwale N, Lee WI, Nam CY. Templating Functional Materials Using Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Thin-Film for Nanodevices. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.766690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nanomorphologies and nanoarchitectures that can be synthesized using block copolymer (BCP) thin-film self-assembly have inspired a variety of new applications, which offer various advantages, such as, small device footprint, low operational power and enhanced device performance. Imperative for these applications, however, is the ability to transform these small polymeric patterns into useful inorganic structures. BCP-templated inorganic nanostructures have shown the potential for use as active materials in various electronic device applications, including, field-effect transistors, photodetectors, gas sensors and many more. This article reviews various strategies that have been implemented in the past decade to fabricate devices at nanoscale using block copolymer thin films.
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6
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Zhang Z, Simon A, Abetz C, Held M, Höhme AL, Schneider ES, Segal-Peretz T, Abetz V. Hybrid Organic-Inorganic-Organic Isoporous Membranes with Tunable Pore Sizes and Functionalities for Molecular Separation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105251. [PMID: 34580938 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Accomplishing on-demand molecular separation with a high selectivity and good permeability is very desirable for pollutant removal and chemical and pharmaceutical processing. The major challenge for sub-10 nm filtration of particles and molecules is the fabrication of high-performance membranes with tunable pore size and designed functionality. Here, a versatile top-down approach is demonstrated to produce such a membrane using isoporous block copolymer membranes with well-defined pore sizes combined with growth of metal oxide using sequential infiltration synthesis and atomic layer deposition (SIS and ALD). The pore size of the membranes is tuned by controlled metal oxide growth within and onto the polymer channels, enabling up to twofold pore diameter reduction. Following the growth, the distinct functionalities are readily incorporated along the membrane nanochannels with either hydrophobic, cationic, or anionic groups via straightforward and scalable gas/liquid-solid interface reactions. The hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the membrane nanochannel is significantly changed by the introduction of hydrophilic metal oxide and hydrophobic fluorinated groups. The functionalized membranes exhibit a superior selectivity and permeability in separating 1-2 nm organic molecules and fractionating similar-sized proteins based on size, charge, and hydrophobicity. This demonstrates the great potential of organic-inorganic-organic isoporous membranes for high-performance molecular separation in numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Membrane Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Assaf Simon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Clarissa Abetz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Membrane Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Martin Held
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Membrane Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Anke-Lisa Höhme
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Membrane Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Erik S Schneider
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Membrane Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Tamar Segal-Peretz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Volker Abetz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Membrane Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
- Universität Hamburg, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Jiménez-Millán S, García-Alcántara C, Ramírez-Hernández A, Sambriski E, Hernández S. Self-Aassembly of core-corona colloids under cylindrical confinement: A Monte Carlo study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Barick BK, Shomrat N, Green U, Katzman Z, Segal-Peretz T. Fabrication of Nanoscale Oxide Textured Surfaces on Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132209. [PMID: 34279353 PMCID: PMC8271387 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale textured surfaces play an important role in creating antibacterial surfaces, broadband anti-reflective properties, and super-hydrophobicity in many technological systems. Creating nanoscale oxide textures on polymer substrates for applications such as ophthalmic lenses and flexible electronics imposes additional challenges over conventional nanofabrication processes since polymer substrates are typically temperature-sensitive and chemically reactive. In this study, we investigated and developed nanofabrication methodologies to create highly ordered oxide nanostructures on top of polymer substrates without any lithography process. We developed suitable block copolymer self-assembly, sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS), and reactive ion etching (RIE) for processes on polymer substrates. Importantly, to prevent damage to the temperature-sensitive polymer and polymer/oxide interface, we developed the process to be entirely performed at low temperatures, that is, below 80 °C, using a combination of UV crosslinking, solvent annealing, and modified SIS and RIE processes. In addition, we developed a substrate passivation process to overcome reactivity between the polymer substrate and the SIS precursors as well as a high precision RIE process to enable deep etching into the thermally insulated substrate. These methodologies widen the possibilities of nanofabrication on polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barun K. Barick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (B.K.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Neta Shomrat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (B.K.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Uri Green
- Shamir Optical Industry Ltd., Kibbutz Shamir, Upper Galilee 1213500, Israel; (U.G.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zohar Katzman
- Shamir Optical Industry Ltd., Kibbutz Shamir, Upper Galilee 1213500, Israel; (U.G.); (Z.K.)
| | - Tamar Segal-Peretz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (B.K.B.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Recent Advances in Sequential Infiltration Synthesis (SIS) of Block Copolymers (BCPs). NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040994. [PMID: 33924480 PMCID: PMC8069880 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the continuous downscaling of device features, the microelectronics industry is facing the intrinsic limits of conventional lithographic techniques. The development of new synthetic approaches for large-scale nanopatterned materials with enhanced performances is therefore required in the pursuit of the fabrication of next-generation devices. Self-assembled materials as block copolymers (BCPs) provide great control on the definition of nanopatterns, promising to be ideal candidates as templates for the selective incorporation of a variety of inorganic materials when combined with sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS). In this review, we report the latest advances in nanostructured inorganic materials synthesized by infiltration of self-assembled BCPs. We report a comprehensive description of the chemical and physical characterization techniques used for in situ studies of the process mechanism and ex situ measurements of the resulting properties of infiltrated polymers. Finally, emerging optical and electrical properties of such materials are discussed.
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10
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Golany Z, Weisbord I, Abo-Jabal M, Manor O, Segal-Peretz T. Polymer dewetting in solvent-non-solvent environment- new insights on dynamics and lithography-free patterning. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 596:267-277. [PMID: 33839353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS We show that one may employ polymer dewetting in solvent-non-solvent environment to obtain lithography-free fabrication of well-defined nano- to micro- scale polymer droplets arrays from pre-patterned polymer films. The polymer droplet pattern may be converted to a series of hybrid organic-inorganic and inorganic well-defined nano-patterns by using sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS). In particular, we scrutinize the physical parameters which govern the dewetting of flat and striped polymer thin films, which is the key to obtaining our objective of lithography-free ordered nano-patterns. EXPERIMENTS We immerse polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) thin films in water in the presence of chloroform vapors. We study the ensuing polymer dewetting dynamics and the pattern formation of nanospheres by employing in-situ light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We then investigate pattern formation by dewetting of polymer stripes, fabricated by directed solvent evaporation, and SIS of AlOx from vapor phase precursors, trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and H2O, within the nanosphere patterns. FINDINGS We find that solvent- non-solvent environments render film dewetting rates, which are an order of magnitude faster than solvent vapor dewetting, and supports the formation of small solid polymer droplets, down to sub-100 nm droplet size, of large contact angles with the solid substrate. Pre-patterned polymer film stripes support the formation of highly ordered structures of polymer droplets, which are easily transformed to hybrid polymer-AlOx nanosphere patterns and templated AlOx nanosphere via SIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Golany
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Inbal Weisbord
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Mohammad Abo-Jabal
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ofer Manor
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Tamar Segal-Peretz
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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11
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Liapis AC, Subramanian A, Cho S, Kisslinger K, Nam CY, Yun SH. Conformal Coating of Freestanding Particles by Vapor-Phase Infiltration. ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES 2020; 7:2001323. [PMID: 33708471 PMCID: PMC7942784 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel atomic layer method for encapsulating individual micro- and nano-particles with thin (sub-10-nm) dielectric films is presented. This method leverages the diffusion of vapor-phase precursors through an underlying inert polymer film to achieve growth of a metal oxide film on all sides of the particle simultaneously; even on the side that is in contact with the substrate. Crucially, the deposition is performed on stationary particles and does not require an agitation mechanism or a special reaction chamber. Here, conformal coatings of alumina are shown to improve stability in aqueous environments for two optically-relevant particles: compound semiconductor laser microparticles and lead halide perovskite nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C. Liapis
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Sangyeon Cho
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA; Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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12
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He X, Waldman RZ, Mandia DJ, Jeon N, Zaluzec NJ, Borkiewicz OJ, Ruett U, Darling SB, Martinson ABF, Tiede DM. Resolving the Atomic Structure of Sequential Infiltration Synthesis Derived Inorganic Clusters. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14846-14860. [PMID: 33170644 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) is a route to the precision deposition of inorganic solids in analogy to atomic layer deposition but occurs within (vs upon) a soft material template. SIS has enabled exquisite nanoscale morphological complexity in various oxides through selective nucleation in block copolymers templates. However, the earliest stages of SIS growth remain unresolved, including the atomic structure of nuclei and the evolution of local coordination environments, before and after polymer template removal. We employed In K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure and atomic pair distribution function analysis of high-energy X-ray scattering to unravel (1) the structural evolution of InOxHy clusters inside a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) host matrix and (2) the formation of porous In2O3 solids (obtained after annealing) as a function of SIS cycle number. Early SIS cycles result in InOxHy cluster growth with high aspect ratio, followed by the formation of a three-dimensional network with additional SIS cycles. That the atomic structures of the InOxHy clusters can be modeled as multinuclear clusters with bonding patterns related to those in In2O3 and In(OH)3 crystal structures suggests that SIS may be an efficient route to 3D arrays of discrete-atom-number clusters. Annealing the mixed inorganic/polymer films in air removes the PMMA template and consolidates the as-grown clusters into cubic In2O3 nanocrystals with structural details that also depend on SIS cycle number.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruben Z Waldman
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Seth B Darling
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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13
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Azoulay R, Shomrat N, Weisbord I, Atiya G, Segal-Peretz T. Metal Oxide Heterostructure Array via Spatially Controlled-Growth within Block Copolymer Templates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904657. [PMID: 31651079 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication is continuously searching for new methodologies to fabricate 3D nanostructures with 3D control over their chemical composition. A new approach for heterostructure nanorod array fabrication through spatially controlled-growth of multiple metal oxides within block copolymer (BCP) templates is presented. Selective growth of metal oxides within the cylindrical polymer domains of polystyrene-block-poly methyl methacrylate is performed using sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS). Tuning the diffusion of trimethyl aluminum and diethyl zinc organometallic precursors in the BCP film directs the growth of AlOx and ZnO to different locations within the cylindrical BCP domains, in a single SIS process. BCP removal yields an AlOx -ZnO heterostructure nanorods array, as corroborated by 3D characterization with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography and a combination of STEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy tomography. The strategy presented here will open up new routes for complex 3D nanostructure fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Azoulay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Neta Shomrat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Inbal Weisbord
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Galit Atiya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Tamar Segal-Peretz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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Waldman RZ, Mandia DJ, Yanguas-Gil A, Martinson ABF, Elam JW, Darling SB. The chemical physics of sequential infiltration synthesis-A thermodynamic and kinetic perspective. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:190901. [PMID: 31757164 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) is an emerging materials growth method by which inorganic metal oxides are nucleated and grown within the free volume of polymers in association with chemical functional groups in the polymer. SIS enables the growth of novel polymer-inorganic hybrid materials, porous inorganic materials, and spatially templated nanoscale devices of relevance to a host of technological applications. Although SIS borrows from the precursors and equipment of atomic layer deposition (ALD), the chemistry and physics of SIS differ in important ways. These differences arise from the permeable three-dimensional distribution of functional groups in polymers in SIS, which contrast to the typically impermeable two-dimensional distribution of active sites on solid surfaces in ALD. In SIS, metal-organic vapor-phase precursors dissolve and diffuse into polymers and interact with these functional groups through reversible complex formation and/or irreversible chemical reactions. In this perspective, we describe the thermodynamics and kinetics of SIS and attempt to disentangle the tightly coupled physical and chemical processes that underlie this method. We discuss the various experimental, computational, and theoretical efforts that provide insight into SIS mechanisms and identify approaches that may fill out current gaps in knowledge and expand the utilization of SIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Z Waldman
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - David J Mandia
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Angel Yanguas-Gil
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Alex B F Martinson
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Elam
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC), Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Seth B Darling
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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