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Li C, Chen X, Zhu X, Cao M, Tang Q, Wu W. MRI-Measured Pancreatic Fat Correlates with Increased Arterial Stiffness in Patients Who are Overweight and Obese. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:2283-2291. [PMID: 38859996 PMCID: PMC11164197 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s456172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Arterial stiffness is often increased in overweight or obese individuals before the development of hypertension (HT). This study aimed to determine the connection between pancreatic fat and atherosclerosis in overweight and obese people without HT. Patients and methods We included 128 patients who were non-hypertensive and overweight or obese in a study between December 2019 and November 2022. Medical history was collected, and all participants underwent a physical examination and blood tests. Pancreatic fat content was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and was grouped into quartiles based on pancreatic fat fraction (PFF). The upper three quartiles (PFF≥10.33%) were defined as non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) and the first quartile (PFF<10.33%) as non-NAFPD. High baPWV (H-baPWV) and low baPWV (L-baPWV) were classified according to the median baPWV (1159 cm/s). The effect of NAFPD on baPWV was examined using binary logistic regression. The study population consisted of 96 NAFPD and 32 non-NAFPD cases. Results Participants with NAFPD had significantly higher levels of baPWV than people without. The rates of NAFPD and the PFF values varied significantly in the L-baPWV and H-baPWV groups. Logistic regression analysis suggested that the presence of NAFPD was independently correlated with increased baPWV after adjusting for age, smoking, body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and glycemic index. Conclusion NAFPD is an independent risk factor for increased baPWV in individuals with overweight and obesity but no HT, suggesting that the presence of NAFPD may be a warning signal of early atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Cao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunfeng Tang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China
- Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Jiang CL, Lin FJ. Insights into the roles of Apolipoprotein E in adipocyte biology and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01549-9. [PMID: 38839985 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a multifunctional protein expressed by various cell types, including hepatocytes, adipocytes, immune cells of the myeloid lineage, vascular smooth muscle cells, astrocytes, etc. Initially, APOE was discovered as an arginine-rich peptide within very-low-density lipoprotein, but it was subsequently found in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in humans and other animals, where its presence facilitates the clearance of these lipoproteins from circulation. Recent epidemiolocal studies and experimental research in mice suggest a link between ApoE and obesity. The latest findings highlight the role of endogenous adipocyte ApoE in regulating browning of white adipose tissue, beige adipocyte differentiation, thermogenesis and energy homeostasis. This review focuses on the emerging evidence showing the involvement of ApoE in the regulation of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Lin Jiang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Jung Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Development Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Bennett JP, Prado CM, Heymsfield SB, Shepherd JA. Evaluation of visceral adipose tissue thresholds for elevated metabolic syndrome risk across diverse populations: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2024:e13767. [PMID: 38761009 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Beyond obesity, excess levels of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) significantly contribute to the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS), although thresholds for increased risk vary based on population, regions of interest, and units of measure employed. We sought to determine whether a common threshold exists that is indicative of heightened MetS risk across all populations, accounting for sex, age, BMI, and race/ethnicity. A systematic literature review was conducted in September 2023, presenting threshold values for elevated MetS risk. Standardization equations harmonized the results from DXA, CT, and MRI systems to facilitate a comparison of threshold variations across studies. A total of 52 papers were identified. No single threshold could accurately indicate elevated risk for both males and females across varying BMI, race/ethnicity, and age groups. Thresholds fluctuated from 70 to 165.9 cm2, with reported values consistently lower in females. Generally, premenopausal females and younger adults manifested elevated risks at lower VAT compared to their older counterparts. Notably, Asian populations exhibited elevated risks at lower VAT areas (70-136 cm2) compared to Caucasian populations (85.6-165.9 cm2). All considered studies reported associations of VAT without accommodating covariates. No single VAT area threshold for elevated MetS risk was discernible post-harmonization by technology, units of measure, and region of interest. This review summarizes available evidence for MetS risk assessment in clinical practice. Further exploration of demographic-specific interactions between VAT area and other risk factors is imperative to comprehensively delineate overarching MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Booker R, Wong M, Bancks MP, Carnethon MR, Chow LS, Lewis CE, Schreiner PJ, Alexandria SJ. The longitudinal association of adipose-to-lean ratio with incident cardiometabolic morbidity: The CARDIA study. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108725. [PMID: 38520820 PMCID: PMC11058009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association of adipose-to-lean ratio (ALR) with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, and dyslipidemia in middle adulthood. METHOD Black and White Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults participants without T2DM, hypertension, or dyslipidemia in 2005-06 (baseline) were included. Baseline adipose and lean mass were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. ALR was calculated as adipose divided by lean mass and then standardized within sex strata. Single time-point incident morbidity was assessed every five years from baseline through 2016. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for morbidity over 10 years per 1-SD increment in ALR adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. RESULT The cumulative incidence of T2DM was 7.9 % (129 events/N = 1643; 16,301 person-years), 26.7 % (485 events/N = 1819; 17,895 person-years) for hypertension, and 49.1 % (435 events/N = 855, 8089 person-years) for dyslipidemia. In the adjusted models, ALR was positively associated with a risk of T2DM (HR [95 % CI]; 1.69 [1.31, 2.19]) and hypertension (1.23 [1.08, 1.40]). There was no significant interaction between ALR and sex for any morbidity. CONCLUSION ALR in middle adulthood is associated with incident T2DM and hypertension. The extent to which localized body composition measures might inform morbidity risk merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Booker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mandy Wong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael P Bancks
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa S Chow
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cora E Lewis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Shaina J Alexandria
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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O'Regan PW, O'Regan JA, Maher MM, Ryan DJ. The Emerging Role and Clinical Applications of Morphomics in Diagnostic Imaging. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024:8465371241242763. [PMID: 38624049 DOI: 10.1177/08465371241242763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Analytic morphomics refers to the accurate measurement of specific biological markers of human body composition in diagnostic medical imaging. The increasing prevalence of disease processes that alter body composition including obesity, cachexia, and sarcopenia has generated interest in specific targeted measurement of these metrics to possibly prevent or reduce negative health outcomes. Typical morphomic measurements include the area and density of muscle, bone, vascular calcification, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat on a specific validated axial level in the patient's cross-sectional diagnostic imaging. A distinct advantage of these measurements is that they can be made retrospectively and opportunistically with pre-existing datasets. We provide a narrative review of the current state of art in morphomics, but also consider some potential future directions for this exciting field. Imaging based quantitative assessment of body composition has enormous potential across the breadth and scope of modern clinical practice. From risk stratification to treatment planning, and outcome assessment, all can be enhanced with the use of analytic morphomics. Moreover, it is likely that many new opportunities for personalized medicine will emerge as the field evolves. As radiologists, embracing analytic morphomics will enable us to contribute added value in the care of every patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W O'Regan
- Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - James A O'Regan
- Department of Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael M Maher
- Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David J Ryan
- Department of Radiology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Nowak KL, Moretti F, Bussola N, Steele CN, Gregory AV, Kline TL, Ramanathan S, Trapletti G, Furlanello C, McCormick L, Chonchol M. Visceral Adiposity and Progression of ADPKD: A Cohort Study of Patients From the TEMPO 3:4 Trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2024:S0272-6386(24)00714-5. [PMID: 38608748 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Body mass index (BMI) is an independent predictor of kidney disease progression in individuals with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Adipocytes do not simply act as a fat reservoir but are active endocrine organs. We hypothesized that greater visceral abdominal adiposity would associate with more rapid kidney growth in ADPKD and influence the efficacy of tolvaptan. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 1,053 patients enrolled in the TEMPO 3:4 tolvaptan trial with ADPKD and at high risk of rapid disease progression. PREDICTOR Estimates of visceral adiposity extracted from coronal plane magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans using deep learning. OUTCOME Annual change in total kidney volume (TKV) and effect of tolvaptan on kidney growth. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Multinomial logistic regression and linear mixed models. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, the highest tertile of visceral adiposity was associated with greater odds of annual change in TKV of≥7% versus<5% (odds ratio [OR], 4.78 [95% CI, 3.03-7.47]). The association was stronger in women than men (interaction P<0.01). In linear mixed models with an outcome of percent change in TKV per year, tolvaptan efficacy (% change in TKV) was reduced with higher visceral adiposity (3-way interaction of treatment ∗ time ∗ visceral adiposity, P=0.002). Visceral adiposity significantly improved classification performance of predicting rapid annual percent change in TKV for individuals with a normal BMI (DeLong's test z score: -2.03; P=0.04). Greater visceral adiposity was not associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope in the overall cohort; however, visceral adiposity was associated with more rapid decline in eGFR slope (below the median) in women (fully adjusted OR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.01-1.11] per 10 unit increase in visceral adiposity) but not men (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.95-1.02]). LIMITATIONS Retrospective; rapid progressors; computational demand of deep learning. CONCLUSIONS Visceral adiposity that can be quantified by MRI in the coronal plane using a deep learning segmentation model independently associates with more rapid kidney growth and improves classification of rapid progression in individuals with a normal BMI. Tolvaptan efficacy decreases with increasing visceral adiposity. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY We analyzed images from a previous study with the drug tolvaptan conducted in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) to measure the amount of fat tissue surrounding the kidneys (visceral fat). We had previously shown body mass index can predict kidney growth in this population; now we determined whether visceral fat was an important factor associated with kidney growth. Using a machine learning tool to automate measurement of fat in images, we observed that visceral fat was independently associated with kidney growth, that it was a better predictor of faster kidney growth in lean patients than body mass index, and that having more visceral fat made treatment of ADPKD with tolvaptan less effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Nowak
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
| | | | | | - Cortney N Steele
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Adriana V Gregory
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Timothy L Kline
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sumana Ramanathan
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Linda McCormick
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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7
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Lonardo MS, Guida B, Cacciapuoti N, Chiurazzi M, Pacella D, Cataldi M. Evidence That Skeletal Muscles Modulate HDL-Cholesterol in Metabolic Healthy Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1110. [PMID: 38674801 PMCID: PMC11054046 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether skeletal muscle (SM) mass correlates with plasma lipids in metabolic healthy young adults. The study was designed as a retrospective observational monocentric study. Data on plasma lipids and SM mass of subjects attending our institution from 1999 to 2014 were analyzed. Inclusion criteria were being 18-45 years old and in apparently good health. SM mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) using the equation proposed by Janssen and normalized to height as skeletal muscle index (SMI: SM mass/height2). The association between SMI and plasma lipids levels was examined using a crude and adjusted linear regression model including age, sex, BMI and waist circumference as additional covariates. The study population consisted of 450 subjects (273 females) without metabolic syndrome (12.2% with normal body weight, 33.1% overweight, and 54.7% with obesity). SMI, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and Triglycerides were higher, whereas HDL-cholesterol was lower in overweight and obese patients as compared with normal weight subjects. SMI was inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol in female patients with obesity but not in male patients with obesity, in normal- or over-weight subjects (p < 0.05). These results suggest that changes in SM mass occurring in obesity could have a role in worsening lipid profile with special reference to HDL-cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Lonardo
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.L.); (B.G.); (N.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Bruna Guida
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.L.); (B.G.); (N.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Nunzia Cacciapuoti
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.L.); (B.G.); (N.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Chiurazzi
- Physiology Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.S.L.); (B.G.); (N.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Daniela Pacella
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mauro Cataldi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Toledo E, Canal G, Sánchez S, Echeverri J, Fernández R, Del Mar Achalandabaso M, Anderson EJ, Castillo F, Rodríguez JC. Comparison of abdominal adipose tissue versus body mass index (BMI) as a predictor of complications and survival in liver transplantation. Cir Esp 2024:S2173-5077(24)00083-8. [PMID: 38508388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cireng.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because of the obesity epidemic, more obese patients are on liver transplant (LT) waiting lists. The diseases associated with obesity may increase complications and limit survival after LT. However, there is no established measure or cut-off point to determine this impact and aid decision making. The aim of the present study is to evaluate obesity in patients undergoing LT via BMI and CT-based measurement of adipose tissue (AAT). These parameters will be used to predict the risk of postoperative complications and 5-year survival. METHODS A retrospective, single-center study was carried out at a tertiary Spanish hospital, including all patients who received LT between January 2012 and July 2019 (n = 164). The patients were adults who underwent LT using the 'piggyback' technique, preserving the recipient vena cava. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and BMI were calculated to examine correlations with postoperative complications and 5-year survival. RESULTS No significant association was found between postoperative complications by Comprehensive Complication Index, BMI, AAT/height, subcutaneous fat/height and VAT/height. Kaplan-Meier curves for 5-year survival compared LT recipients with BMI < 30.45 versus ≥30.45, with an estimated survival of 58.97 months versus 43.11 months, respectively (P < .001) (Fig. 3) and for LT recipients with an AAT/height <27.35 mm versus ≥27.35 mm, with an estimated survival of 57.69 months versus 46.34 months (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS This study does not show a higher rate of postoperative complications in obese patients. There is a significantly lower long-term survival in patients with AAT/height ≥27.35 mm and BMI ≥ 30.45. BMI is a valid estimate of obesity and is predictive of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Toledo
- General Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain.
| | - Gema Canal
- General Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Juan Echeverri
- General Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández
- General Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Edward J Anderson
- General Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain
| | - Federico Castillo
- General Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez
- General Surgery, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Santander, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain
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Badawy M, Elsayes KM, Lubner MG, Shehata MA, Fowler K, Kaoud A, Pickhardt PJ. Metabolic syndrome: imaging features and clinical outcomes. Br J Radiol 2024; 97:292-305. [PMID: 38308038 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, which affects around a quarter of adults worldwide, is a group of metabolic abnormalities characterized mainly by insulin resistance and central adiposity. It is strongly correlated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Early identification of the changes induced by metabolic syndrome in target organs and timely intervention (eg, weight reduction) can decrease morbidity and mortality. Imaging can monitor the main components of metabolic syndrome and identify early the development and progression of its sequelae in various organs. In this review, we discuss the imaging features across different modalities that can be used to evaluate changes due to metabolic syndrome, including fatty deposition in different organs, arterial stiffening, liver fibrosis, and cardiac dysfunction. Radiologists can play a vital role in recognizing and following these target organ injuries, which in turn can motivate lifestyle modification and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Badawy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, United States
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Meghan G Lubner
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, United States
| | - Mostafa A Shehata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Kathryn Fowler
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Arwa Kaoud
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Perry J Pickhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, United States
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Lazarev A, Nath S, Nguyen CQ, Demian AM, Bertasi RAO, Bertasi TGO, Pujalte GGA. Sports and Weight Control in Children. Cureus 2024; 16:e53731. [PMID: 38455821 PMCID: PMC10919905 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is a global concern with distressing comorbid conditions, including mood disturbance, cardiovascular changes, endocrine imbalance, liver disease, sleep apnea, and orthopedic conditions. The primary treatment of this condition includes physical activity. Participating in organized sports has been shown to reduce weight and the complications of pediatric obesity more effectively than individual exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemii Lazarev
- Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sahil Nath
- Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA
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11
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Souza ACDAH, Rosenthal MH, Moura FA, Divakaran S, Osborne MT, Hainer J, Dorbala S, Blankstein R, Di Carli MF, Taqueti VR. Body Composition, Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction, and Future Risk of Cardiovascular Events Including Heart Failure. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 17:179-191. [PMID: 37768241 PMCID: PMC10922555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) is a controversial marker of cardiovascular prognosis, especially in women. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is prevalent in obese patients and a better discriminator of risk than BMI, but its association with body composition is unknown. OBJECTIVES The authors used a deep learning model for body composition analysis to investigate the relationship between CMD, skeletal muscle (SM), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and their contribution to adverse outcomes in patients referred for evaluation of coronary artery disease. METHODS Consecutive patients (n = 400) with normal perfusion and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction on cardiac stress positron emission tomography were followed (median, 6.0 years) for major adverse events, including death and hospitalization for myocardial infarction or heart failure. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was quantified as stress/rest myocardial blood flow from positron emission tomography. SM, SAT, and VAT cross-sectional areas were extracted from abdominal computed tomography at the third lumbar vertebra using a validated automated algorithm. RESULTS Median age was 63, 71% were female, 50% non-White, and 50% obese. Compared with the nonobese, patients with obesity (BMI: 30.0-68.4 kg/m2) had higher SAT, VAT, and SM, and lower CFR (all P < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, decreased SM but not increased SAT or VAT was significantly associated with CMD (CFR <2; OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.08-1.75 per -10 cm2/m2 SM index; P < 0.01). Both lower CFR and SM, but not higher SAT or VAT, were independently associated with adverse events (HR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.25-2.68 per -1 U CFR and HR: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.20-1.96 per -10 cm2/m2 SM index, respectively; P < 0.002 for both), especially heart failure hospitalization (HR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.31-4.24 per -1 U CFR and HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.30-2.69 per -10 cm2/m2 SM index; P < 0.004 for both). There was a significant interaction between CFR and SM (adjusted P = 0.026), such that patients with CMD and sarcopenia demonstrated the highest rate of adverse events, especially among young, female, and obese patients (all P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In a predominantly female cohort of patients without flow-limiting coronary artery disease, deficient muscularity, not excess adiposity, was independently associated with CMD and future adverse outcomes, especially heart failure. In patients with suspected ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease, characterization of lean body mass and coronary microvascular function may help to distinguish obese phenotypes at risk for cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina do A H Souza
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael H Rosenthal
- Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Filipe A Moura
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanjay Divakaran
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael T Osborne
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jon Hainer
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sharmila Dorbala
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcelo F Di Carli
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Viviany R Taqueti
- Cardiovascular Imaging Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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12
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Marinho MR, Garcez A, Theodoro H, Dias da Costa JS, Olinto MTA. Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity and Associated Factors in Urban Brazilian Women: A Comparison Between Two Population-Based Cross-Sectional Studies in 2003 and 2015. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:59-68. [PMID: 37862560 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Abdominal fat accumulation is a known risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases and mortality, particularly in women. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of abdominal obesity and its associated factors in 2003 and 2015. Methods: Two cross-sectional, population-based surveys were conducted, including representative and independent samples of adult women 20-60 years of age residing in the urban area of São Leopoldo/RS municipality in 2003 (n = 981) and 2015 (n = 984). Abdominal obesity was assessed using waist circumference, with a measurement of ≥88 cm indicating its presence. Factors, such as demographics, socioeconomic status, reproductive health, family history, morbidity, and behavioral characteristics, were studied. Poisson regression was used to assess the associations. Results: The mean age of individuals in the samples was 38.5 years (±11.1 years) and 40.3 years (±11.4 years) in 2003 and 2015, respectively. The prevalence of abdominal obesity doubled from 23.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.7-26.0) in 2003 to 46.9% (95% CI: 43.7-50.0) in 2015. After adjustment, the prevalence of abdominal obesity remained higher in both 2003 and 2015 with increasing age, low family income, higher number of pregnancies, earlier age at menarche, and presence of a family history of obesity in the father and mother and in women with a history of hypertension. Conclusions: This study demonstrates an increase in the prevalence of abdominal obesity in women between 2003 and 2015 and highlights the sociodemographic, reproductive, family history, and comorbidity aspects associated with its occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcélia Ribeiro Marinho
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Garcez
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Theodoro
- Postgraduate Program in Department of Health Science, University of Caxias do Sul, UCS, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
- Postgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Health, and Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Tarabeih N, Kalinkovich A, Ashkenazi S, Cherny SS, Shalata A, Livshits G. Relationships between Circulating Biomarkers and Body Composition Parameters in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Community-Based Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:881. [PMID: 38255954 PMCID: PMC10815336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease involving multiple physiological, biochemical, and metabolic abnormalities. The search for reliable biomarkers may help to better elucidate its pathogenesis and develop new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In the present population-based study, we looked for biomarkers of MetS among obesity- and inflammation-related circulating factors and body composition parameters in 1079 individuals (with age range between 18 and 80) belonging to an ethnically homogeneous population. Plasma levels of soluble markers were measured by using ELISA. Body composition parameters were assessed using bioimpedance analysis (BIA). Statistical analysis, including mixed-effects regression, with MetS as a dependent variable, revealed that the most significant independent variables were mainly adipose tissue-related phenotypes, including fat mass/weight (FM/WT) [OR (95% CI)], 2.77 (2.01-3.81); leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio), 1.50 (1.23-1.83); growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) levels, 1.32 (1.08-1.62); inflammatory markers, specifically monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), 2.53 (2.00-3.15), and a few others. Additive Bayesian network modeling suggests that age, sex, MHR, and FM/WT are directly associated with MetS and probably affect its manifestation. Additionally, MetS may be causing the GDF-15 and L/A ratio. Our novel findings suggest the existence of complex, age-related, and possibly hierarchical relationships between MetS and factors associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Tarabeih
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Shai Ashkenazi
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
| | - Stacey S. Cherny
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel;
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (N.T.); (S.A.)
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; (A.K.); (S.S.C.)
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14
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Kazibwe R, Chevli PA, Evans JK, Allison M, Michos ED, Wood AC, Ding J, Shapiro MD, Mongraw‐Chaffin M. Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Ectopic Fat in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030470. [PMID: 37681576 PMCID: PMC10547290 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The relationship between alcohol consumption and ectopic fat distribution, both known factors for cardiovascular disease, remains understudied. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between alcohol consumption and ectopic adiposity in adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results In this cross-sectional analysis, we categorized alcohol intake among participants in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) as follows (drinks/day): <1 (light drinking), 1 to 2 (moderate drinking), >2 (heavy drinking), former drinking, and lifetime abstention. Binge drinking was defined as consuming ≥5 drinks on 1 occasion in the past month. Visceral, subcutaneous, and intermuscular fat area, pericardial fat volume, and hepatic fat attenuation were measured using noncontrast computed tomography. Using multivariable linear regression, we examined the associations between categories of alcohol consumption and natural log-transformed fat in ectopic depots. We included 6756 MESA participants (62.1±10.2 years; 47.2% women), of whom 6734 and 1934 had chest computed tomography (pericardial and hepatic fat) and abdominal computed tomography (subcutaneous, intermuscular, and visceral fat), respectively. In adjusted analysis, heavy drinking, relative to lifetime abstention, was associated with a higher (relative percent difference) pericardial 15.1 [95% CI, 7.1-27.7], hepatic 3.4 [95% CI, 0.1-6.8], visceral 2.5 [95% CI, -10.4 to 17.2], and intermuscular 5.2 [95% CI, -6.6 to 18.4] fat but lower subcutaneous fat -3.5 [95% CI, -15.5 to 10.2]). The associations between alcohol consumption and ectopic adiposity exhibited a J-shaped pattern. Binge drinking, relative to light-to-moderate drinking, was also associated with higher ectopic fat. Conclusions Alcohol consumption had a J-shaped association with ectopic adiposity. Both heavy alcohol intake and binge alcohol drinking were associated with higher ectopic fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kazibwe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Parag A. Chevli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Hospital MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Joni K. Evans
- Department of Biostatistics and Data ScienceWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Alexis C. Wood
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jingzhong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Section on Cardiovascular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
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15
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Osadnik K, Osadnik T, Gierlotka M, Windak A, Tomasik T, Mastej M, Kuras A, Jóźwiak K, Penson PE, Lip GYH, Mikhailidis DP, Toth PP, Catapano AL, Ray KK, Howard G, Tomaszewski M, Charchar FJ, Sattar N, Williams B, MacDonald TM, Banach M, Jóźwiak J. Metabolic syndrome is associated with similar long-term prognosis in those living with and without obesity: an analysis of 45 615 patients from the nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004-2015 studies. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1195-1204. [PMID: 37039119 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and long-term all-cause mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS The LIPIDOGRAM studies were carried out in the primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006, and 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III), and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. The cohort was divided into four groups: non-obese patients without MetS, obese patients without MetS, non-obese patients with MetS, and obese patients with MetS. Differences in all-cause mortality were analysed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. A total of 45 615 participants were enrolled (mean age 56.3, standard deviation: 11.8 years; 61.7% female). MetS was diagnosed in 14 202 (31%) by NCEP/ATP III criteria and 17 216 (37.7%) by JIS criteria. Follow-up was available for 44 620 (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years) patients. MetS was associated with increased mortality risk among the obese {hazard ratio, HR: 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79-1.99] and HR: 1.93 [95% CI 1.82-2.04], according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively} and non-obese individuals [HR: 2.11 (95% CI 1.85-2.40) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.56-1.85) according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively]. Obese patients without MetS had a higher mortality risk than non-obese patients without MetS [HR: 1.16 (95% CI 1.10-1.23) and HR: 1.22 (95% CI 1.15-1.30), respectively in subgroups with NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria applied]. CONCLUSIONS MetS is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in non-obese and obese patients. In patients without MetS, obesity remains significantly associated with mortality. The concept of metabolically healthy obesity should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Osadnik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Jordana 38 st., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Osadnik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, Jordana 38 st., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Gierlotka
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Al. W. Witosa 26, 45-401 Opole, Poland
| | - Adam Windak
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Bochenska 4 Street, 31-061 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Tomasik
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Bochenska 4 Street, 31-061 Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosław Mastej
- Mastej Medical Center, Staszica 17A St., 38-200 Jasło, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kuras
- Multiprofile Medical Simulation Center, University of Opole, Oleska 48 St., 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Kacper Jóźwiak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, ul/street: Piotra Michałowskiego 12, 31-126 Kraków, Poland
| | - Peter E Penson
- Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 7TX, UK
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, 6 West Derby St., Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond St., London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Peter P Toth
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- CGH Medical Center, Department of Preventive Cardiology, 101 East Miller Road, Sterling, IL 61081, USA
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 10136 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Via Milanese, 300, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Kausik K Ray
- Imperial Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, 320 St Dunstan's Road (Reynolds Building) Imperial College London, London W68RP, UK
| | - George Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, AL 35294-0022, USA
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton St., Manchester M13 9NT, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Nelson St, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University Australia, University Drive, Ballarat, Victoria 3350, Australia
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Bryan Williams
- NIHR University College London Biomedical Research Centre, University College London and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Thomas M MacDonald
- MEMO Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Ninewells Avenue, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Maciej Banach
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Diseases, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Jacek Jóźwiak
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Oleska 48 Street, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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16
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Chen DZ, Ganapathy A, Nayak Y, Mejias C, Bishop GL, Mellnick VM, Ballard DH. Analysis of Superficial Subcutaneous Fat Camper's and Scarpa's Fascia in a United States Cohort. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:347. [PMID: 37623360 PMCID: PMC10455117 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Together, the Camper's and Scarpa's fasciae form the superficial fat layer of the abdominal wall. Though they have clinical and surgical relevance, little is known about their role in body composition across diverse patient populations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between patient characteristics, including sex and body mass index, and the distribution of Camper's and Scarpa's fascial layers in the abdominal wall. A total of 458 patients' abdominal CT examinations were segmented via CoreSlicer 1.0 to determine the surface area of each patient's Camper's, Scarpa's, and visceral fascia layers. The reproducibility of segmentation was corroborated by an inter-rater analysis of segmented data for 20 randomly chosen patients divided between three study investigators. Pearson correlation and Student's t-test analyses were performed to characterize the relationship between fascia distribution and demographic factors. The ratios of Camper's fascia, both as a proportion of superficial fat (r = -0.44 and p < 0.0001) and as a proportion of total body fat (r = -0.34 and p < 0.0001), showed statistically significant negative correlations with BMI. In contrast, the ratios of Scarpa's fascia, both as a proportion of superficial fat (r = 0.44 and p < 0.0001) and as a proportion of total body fat (r = 0.41 and p < 0.0001), exhibited statistically significant positive correlations with BMI. Between sexes, the females had a higher ratio of Scarpa's facia to total body fat compared to the males (36.9% vs. 31% and p < 0.0001). The ICC values for the visceral fat, Scarpa fascia, and Camper fascia were 0.995, 0.991, and 0.995, respectively, which were all within the 'almost perfect' range (ICC = 0.81-1.00). These findings contribute novel insights by revealing that as BMI increases the proportion of Camper's fascia decreases, while the ratio of Scarpa's fascia increases. Such insights expand the scope of body composition studies, which typically focus solely on superficial and visceral fat ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Z. Chen
- School of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (D.Z.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Aravinda Ganapathy
- School of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (D.Z.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Yash Nayak
- School of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Christopher Mejias
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (C.M.); (G.L.B.); (V.M.M.)
| | - Grace L. Bishop
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (C.M.); (G.L.B.); (V.M.M.)
| | - Vincent M. Mellnick
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (C.M.); (G.L.B.); (V.M.M.)
| | - David H. Ballard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (C.M.); (G.L.B.); (V.M.M.)
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17
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Holthaus TA, Sethi S, Cannavale CN, Aguiñaga S, Burd NA, Holscher HD, Khan NA. MIND dietary pattern adherence is inversely associated with visceral adiposity and features of metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2023; 116:69-79. [PMID: 37356349 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of following the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet on metabolic health remains understudied. This cross-sectional analysis of 163 adults investigated associations between adherence to the MIND, Mediterranean, DASH, and Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) diets and metabolic syndrome (MetS) features and visceral adiposity. We hypothesized that the MIND diet would show the most beneficial associations with MetS risk factors. Diet adherence was assessed using the Dietary History Questionnaire II. Visceral adipose was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Waist circumference and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were obtained. Fasting blood triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose concentrations were determined. Stepwise regression analyses were applied. Waist circumference was inversely associated with DASH (β = -0.21, P < .01), HEI-2015 (β = -0.18, P = .01), and MIND (β = -0.19, P < .01). Triglycerides were inversely associated with DASH (β = -0.19, P = .01), HEI-2015 (β = -0.18, P = .02), and MIND (β = -0.23, P < .01). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively associated with Mediterranean (β = 0.18, P = .02) and MIND (β = 0.21, P < .01). Systolic blood pressure was inversely associated with Mediterranean (β = -0.18, P = .02), DASH (β = -0.30, P < .01), HEI-2015 (β = -0.24, P < .01), and MIND (β = -0.25, P < .01). Diastolic blood pressure was inversely associated with Mediterranean (β = -0.26, P < .01), DASH (β = -0.34, P < .01), HEI-2015 (β = -0.24, P < .01), and MIND (β = -0.31, P < .01). Fasting glucose was inversely associated with MIND (β = -0.19, P = .02). Visceral adiposity was inversely associated with Mediterranean (β = -0.19, P < .01), DASH (β = -0.22, P < .01), HEI-2015 (β = -0.22, P < .01), and MIND (β = -0.28, P < .01). Although each diet exhibited potential benefits for metabolic outcomes, only greater MIND diet adherence was associated with lower visceral adiposity and each MetS feature in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori A Holthaus
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Shivani Sethi
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Corinne N Cannavale
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Susan Aguiñaga
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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18
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Castillo-García A, Lieberman DE, Santos-Lozano A, Lucia A. Obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:475-494. [PMID: 36927772 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic proportions, and now approximately 25% of adults in Westernized countries have obesity. Recognized as a major health concern, obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. In this Review, we present obesity as an evolutionarily novel condition, summarize the epidemiological evidence on its detrimental cardiometabolic consequences and discuss the major mechanisms involved in the association between obesity and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. We also examine the role of potential moderators of this association, with evidence for and against the so-called 'metabolically healthy obesity phenotype', the 'fatness but fitness' paradox or the 'obesity paradox'. Although maintenance of optimal cardiometabolic status should be a primary goal in individuals with obesity, losing body weight and, particularly, excess visceral adiposity seems to be necessary to minimize the risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i + 12"), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Giannos P, Prokopidis K, Candow DG, Forbes SC, Celoch K, Isanejad M, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Witard OC, Gabriel BM, Scott D. Shorter sleep duration is associated with greater visceral fat mass in US adults: Findings from NHANES, 2011-2014. Sleep Med 2023; 105:78-84. [PMID: 36966579 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Habitual declines in sleep duration and increased rates of obesity are public health concerns worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a prominent link between reduced sleep duration and weight gain. Our cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between sleep duration and body fat distribution in US adults. We extracted data for 5151 participants (2575 men and 2576 women) aged 18-59 years from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 and 2013-2014. Weekday or workday night-time sleep duration was estimated using an in-home interview questionnaire. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans were used to determine regional body fat mass (arms, legs, trunk [android and gynoid], and abdominal [subcutaneous and visceral]). Multiple linear regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed after adjusting for several demographic, anthropometric, and nutritional covariates. There was a significant negative association between sleep duration and visceral fat mass overall (β: -12.139, P < 0.001) and by sex (men: β: -10.096, P < 0.001; women: β: -11.545, P = 0.038), after adjusting for age, ethnicity, body mass index, total body fat mass, daily energy and alcohol intake, sleep quality and sleep disorder status. Sleep duration and visceral fat appeared to plateau at ≥ 8 h of daily sleep. Sleep duration is negatively associated with visceral fat mass accumulation during adulthood with possibly no benefits beyond 8 h of sleep per day. Mechanistic and prospective studies are required to confirm the effect of sleep duration on visceral adiposity and determine its causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Giannos
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, UK; Society of Meta-research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK.
| | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Society of Meta-research and Biomedical Innovation, London, UK; Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
| | - Kamil Celoch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, USA
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Oliver C Witard
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan M Gabriel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Scott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Guaraldi G, Bonfanti P, Di Biagio A, Gori A, Milić J, Saltini P, Segala FV, Squillace N, Taramasso L, Cingolani A. Evidence gaps on weight gain in people living with HIV: a scoping review to define a research agenda. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:230. [PMID: 37060030 PMCID: PMC10103467 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) dramatically improved survival in people living with HIV (PLWH) but is associated with weight gain (WG), raising concern for a possible obesity epidemic in PLWH. This scoping review aims to identify the gaps in the existing evidence on WG in PLWH and generate a future research agenda. METHODS This review was conducted according to the methodology for scoping studies and reported according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review checklist. Articles published in English in the last 10 years indexed in Pubmed, WHO Global Index Medicus, or Embase were searched using specific queries focused on WG in PLWH. RESULTS Following the selection process, 175 included articles were reviewed to search for the available evidence on four specific topics: (I) definition of WG in PLWH, (II) pathogenesis of WG in PLWH, (III) impact of ART on WG, (IV) correlation of WG with clinical outcomes. A summary of the data enabled us to identify gaps and clearly define the following research agenda: (I) develop a data-driven definition of WG in PLWH and define noninvasive assessment methods for body weight and fat composition; (II) further investigate the interaction between HIV/cART and immunity, metabolism, and adipose tissue; (III) establish the specific role of individual drugs on WG; (IV) clarify the independent role of WG, cART, HIV, and metabolic factors on clinical events. CONCLUSIONS The proposed research agenda may help define future research and fill the knowledge gaps that have emerged from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Guaraldi
- HIV Metabolic Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Biagio
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jovana Milić
- HIV Metabolic Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Saltini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco V Segala
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Squillace
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucia Taramasso
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Cingolani
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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21
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A novel clinical diagnostic marker predicting the relationship between visceral adiposity and renal function evaluated by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the Chinese physical examination population. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:32. [PMID: 36871015 PMCID: PMC9985259 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The effect of body fat deposition on the kidney has received increasing attention. The Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) is an important indicator of recent research. The purpose of this study was to explore the predictive value of CVAI and other organ obesity indicators in predicting CKD in Chinese residents. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study of 5355 subjects was performed. First, the study utilized locally estimated scatterplot smoothing to describe the dose-response relationship between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CVAI. The L1-penalized least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm was used for covariation screening, and the correlation between CVAI and eGFR was quantified using multiple logistic regression. At the same time, the diagnostic efficiency of CVAI and other obesity indicators was evaluated by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS CVAI and eGFR were negatively correlated. Using group one as the control, an odds ratio (OR) was calculated to quantify CVAI quartiles (ORs of Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 2.21, 2.99, and 4.42, respectively; P for trend < 0.001). CVAI had the maximum area under the ROC curve compared with other obesity indicators, especially in the female population (AUC: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.71-0.76). CONCLUSIONS CVAI is closely linked to renal function decline and has certain reference value for the screening of CKD patients, particularly in women.
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22
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Goel R, Malhotra B, Rastogi A, Singh T, Bhansali A, Bhadada S. Body fat patterning in lean Asian Indians with diabetes: Case-control study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102728. [PMID: 36857897 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To perform body fat patterning in Asian-Indian individuals with T2D. METHODS A total of 53 patients with recent-onset diabetes and 106 non-diabetic controls were included from screened 261 individuals. Data was divided into 2 groups; overweight/obese [(BMI ≥23 kg/m2); 45 diabetic, 84 non-diabetic] and lean [(BMI <23 kg/m2); 8 diabetic, 22 non-diabetic]. Anthropometry (weight, height, BMI, waist, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio) and lipids, adiponectin and hsCRP were measured. Body composition (BC) was assessed by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). We analyzed the association of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) with anthropometric measures to identify predictors of diabetes. RESULTS Total body fat percentage was comparable between patients with T2D and non-diabetic controls in both, obese [35.0 ± 9.1% vs 36.8 ± 8.4%, p = 0.29 (BIA), 40.1 ± 6.7 vs 46.6 ± 4.1%, p = 0.052 (DEXA) and lean [25.1 ± 5.6% vs 26.0 ± 6.7%, p = 0.74 (BIA), 35.3 ± 4.8% vs 34.1 ± 6.3%, p = 0.72 (DEXA) study group. Individuals of T2D (obese or lean) had significantly higher visceral fat rating (BIA), VAT area, volume, mass and VAT corrected for total body fat percentage (DEXA). Obese T2D had lower muscle mass (57.0 ± 6.4% vs 60.0 ± 5.5%, p = 0.03) than obese controls. Intra-abdominal visceral fat (IAVF) [(VFR, VAT (mass/area/volume) and VAT mass corrected for body fat)] had the best sensitivity (71%) for incident diabetes. CONCLUSION Higher Intra-abdominal visceral fat and not total body fat is associated with incident diabetes independent of BMI. IAVF estimation by either BIA or DEXA should be performed to predict diabetes especially in lean individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Goel
- Deptt. Of Internal Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Ashu Rastogi
- Deptt Of Endocrinology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Tulika Singh
- Deptt Of Radiodiagnosis, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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23
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Cardiovascular risk in bipolar disorder - A case for the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis? J Affect Disord 2023; 324:410-417. [PMID: 36587906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with elevated mortality risk secondary to natural causes. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) constitutes the most prevalent underlying condition. Patients with BD display higher CVD-associated excess mortality than MDD patients. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume, a known predictor of premature CV morbidity and adrenal gland (AG) volume, an indicator for chronic hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, were compared in BD and MDD patients. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess EAT and AG volume in age-, gender-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched MDD (N = 27) and BD (N = 27) patients. Ten-year CV mortality risk and diabetes risk were assessed by PROCAM, ESC-SCORE, and FINDRISK, respectively; metabolic syndrome (MetS) was determined following NCEP/ATP III criteria. RESULTS Cardiometabolic risk scores and frequency of MetS were comparable, and scores of cardiometabolic risk indices did not significantly differ in both groups. After adjustment for age, BMI, and physical activity, EAT and AG volumes were significantly higher in BD compared to MDD. Partial correlation analyses showed a significant positive association of EAT and AG volumes in BD but not in the MDD. LIMITATIONS The modest sample size warrants confirmation in a larger cohort and the cross-sectional design does not allow for temporal or causal inferences. CONCLUSION Our study indicates increased EAT accumulation in BD patients. This was associated with HPA axis dysregulation. Therapeutic lifestyle interventions that reduce EAT volume should be considered in clinical BD management.
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24
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Association of the COVID-19 pandemic with changes in objectively measured sedentary behaviour and adiposity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:375-381. [PMID: 36792912 PMCID: PMC9931562 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has increased sedentary behaviour and obesity; however, these analyses used self-reported data, and the association between sedentary behaviour and visceral fat and adipocytokines during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with objectively measured sedentary behaviour and these obesity-related factors. METHODS Longitudinal analysis was conducted on 257 Japanese participants who underwent health check-ups in 2018 before and in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. For both time points, sedentary behaviour was measured using an accelerometer for at least 7 days, visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using abdominal bioelectrical impedance analysis, and blood adiponectin level was measured using latex agglutination turbidimetric immunoassay. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the association between sedentary behaviour and these outcomes. RESULTS Compared with data in 2018, sedentary behaviour and VFA were significantly increased (P < 0.001, P = 0.006) whereas adiponectin level was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in 2020. Increased sedentary behaviour was significantly associated with an increase in VFA (β = 3.85, 95% CI 1.22-6.49, P = 0.004) and a decrease in adiponectin level (β = -0.04, 95% CI -0.06 to -0.01, P = 0.005). However, the association of sedentary behaviour with adiponectin level was not significant after considering the effects of VFA. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with objectively measured sedentary behaviour and obesity-related factors in Japanese adults. Additionally, an increase in sedentary behaviour was associated with an increase in VFA, whereas the association of sedentary behaviour with adiponectin was partly mediated by VFA. These results suggest that avoiding increasing sedentary time is important to prevent visceral adiposity thereby ameliorating adiponectin, especially during behavioural limitations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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25
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Banack HR, Bea JW, Chen Z, Blew RM, Nicholas S, Stefanick M, Wild RA, Manson JE, Odegaard AO. Longitudinal patterns of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, total body composition, and anthropometric measures in postmenopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:288-296. [PMID: 36739471 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal adiposity, including visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (VAT and SAT), is recognized as a strong risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, cancer, and mortality. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this analysis is to describe longitudinal patterns of change in abdominal adipose tissue in postmenopausal women, overall and stratified by age, race/ethnicity, and years since menopause. METHODS The data are from six years of follow up on 10,184 postmenopausal women (7828 non-Hispanic White women, 1423 non-Hispanic Black women, and 703 Hispanic women) who participated in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). The WHI is a large prospective cohort study of postmenopausal women across the United States. All participants in this analysis had DXA scans in the 1990s as part of the WHI protocol. Hologic APEX software was used to re-analyze archived DXA scans and obtain measures of abdominal adipose tissue. Analyses examined differences in abdominal adipose tissue, overall adiposity, and anthropometric variables. RESULTS There were important differences in VAT and SAT by age and race/ethnicity. In women <60 years, VAT increased over the follow-up period, while in women ≥70 years, VAT decreased. Non-Hispanic Black women had the highest levels of SAT. Hispanic women had the highest VAT levels. Women more than ten years since menopause had less SAT and more VAT than women less than ten years since menopause, resulting in a higher VAT/SAT ratio. There was a moderate to strong correlation between measures of abdominal adipose tissue and anthropometric measurements of body size. Still, there were substantial differences in the quantity of VAT and SAT within BMI and waist circumference categories. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate differences in VAT and SAT according to age, race/ethnicity, time since menopause, and compared to standard measures of body composition in a large and diverse cohort of postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey R Banack
- Epidemiology Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jennifer W Bea
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert M Blew
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Skye Nicholas
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Robert A Wild
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology/Biostatistics and Epidemiology Oklahoma University Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew O Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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26
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Utility of Normalized Body Composition Areas, Derived From Outpatient Abdominal CT Using a Fully Automated Deep Learning Method, for Predicting Subsequent Cardiovascular Events. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2023; 220:236-244. [PMID: 36043607 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.22.27977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. CT-based body composition (BC) measurements have historically been too resource intensive to analyze for widespread use and have lacked robust comparison with traditional weight metrics for predicting cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to determine whether BC measurements obtained from routine CT scans by use of a fully automated deep learning algorithm could predict subsequent cardiovascular events independently from weight, BMI, and additional cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS. This retrospective study included 9752 outpatients (5519 women and 4233 men; mean age, 53.2 years; 890 patients self-reported their race as Black and 8862 self-reported their race as White) who underwent routine abdominal CT at a single health system from January 2012 through December 2012 and who were given no major cardiovascular or oncologic diagnosis within 3 months of undergoing CT. Using publicly available code, fully automated deep learning BC analysis was performed at the L3 vertebral body level to determine three BC areas (skeletal muscle area [SMA], visceral fat area [VFA], and subcutaneous fat area [SFA]). Age-, sex-, and race-normalized reference curves were used to generate z scores for the three BC areas. Subsequent myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke was determined from the electronic medical record. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) for MI or stroke within 5 years after CT for the three BC area z scores, with adjustment for normalized weight, normalized BMI, and additional cardiovascular risk factors (smoking status, diabetes diagnosis, and systolic blood pressure). RESULTS. In multivariable models, age-, race-, and sex-normalized VFA was associated with subsequent MI risk (HR of highest quartile compared with lowest quartile, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.03-1.67], p = .04 for overall effect) and stroke risk (HR of highest compared with lowest quartile, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.07-2.00], p = .04 for overall effect). In multivariable models, normalized SMA, SFA, weight, and BMI were not associated with subsequent MI or stroke risk. CONCLUSION. VFA derived from fully automated and normalized analysis of abdominal CT examinations predicts subsequent MI or stroke in Black and White patients, independent of traditional weight metrics, and should be considered an adjunct to BMI in risk models. CLINICAL IMPACT. Fully automated and normalized BC analysis of abdominal CT has promise to augment traditional cardiovascular risk prediction models.
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27
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Agrawal S, Klarqvist MDR, Diamant N, Stanley TL, Ellinor PT, Mehta NN, Philippakis A, Ng K, Claussnitzer M, Grinspoon SK, Batra P, Khera AV. BMI-adjusted adipose tissue volumes exhibit depot-specific and divergent associations with cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:266. [PMID: 36650173 PMCID: PMC9844175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For any given body mass index (BMI), individuals vary substantially in fat distribution, and this variation may have important implications for cardiometabolic risk. Here, we study disease associations with BMI-independent variation in visceral (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous (ASAT), and gluteofemoral (GFAT) fat depots in 40,032 individuals of the UK Biobank with body MRI. We apply deep learning models based on two-dimensional body MRI projections to enable near-perfect estimation of fat depot volumes (R2 in heldout dataset = 0.978-0.991 for VAT, ASAT, and GFAT). Next, we derive BMI-adjusted metrics for each fat depot (e.g. VAT adjusted for BMI, VATadjBMI) to quantify local adiposity burden. VATadjBMI is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, ASATadjBMI is largely neutral, and GFATadjBMI is associated with reduced risk. These results - describing three metabolically distinct fat depots at scale - clarify the cardiometabolic impact of BMI-independent differences in body fat distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaket Agrawal
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel Diamant
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takara L Stanley
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony Philippakis
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Eric and Wendy Schmidt Center, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kenney Ng
- Center for Computational Health, IBM Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Puneet Batra
- Data Sciences Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amit V Khera
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Marques P, Villarroel-Vicente C, Collado A, García A, Vila L, Duplan I, Hennuyer N, Garibotto F, Enriz RD, Dacquet C, Staels B, Piqueras L, Cortes D, Sanz MJ, Cabedo N. Anti-inflammatory effects and improved metabolic derangements in ob/ob mice by a newly synthesized prenylated benzopyran with pan-PPAR activity. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106638. [PMID: 36586645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are widely used to treat metabolic complications; however, the limited effect of PPARα agonists on glucose metabolism and the adverse effects associated with selective PPARγ activators have stimulated the development of novel pan-PPAR agonists to treat metabolic disorders. Here, we synthesized a new prenylated benzopyran (BP-2) and evaluated its PPAR-activating properties, anti-inflammatory effects and impact on metabolic derangements. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH BP-2 was used in transactivation assays to evaluate its agonism to PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ. A parallel-plate flow chamber was employed to investigate its effect on TNFα-induced leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to determine its effects on the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and chemokines and p38-MAPK/NF-κB activation. PPARs/RXRα interactions were determined using a gene silencing approach. Analysis of its impact on metabolic abnormalities and inflammation was performed in ob/ob mice. KEY RESULTS BP-2 displayed strong PPARα activity, with moderate and weak activity against PPARβ/δ and PPARγ, respectively. In vitro, BP-2 reduced TNFα-induced endothelial ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and fractalkine/CX3CL1 expression, suppressed mononuclear cell arrest via PPARβ/δ-RXRα interactions and decreased p38-MAPK/NF-κB activation. In vivo, BP-2 improved the circulating levels of glucose and triglycerides in ob/ob mice, suppressed T-lymphocyte/macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory markers in the liver and white adipose tissue, but increased the expression of the M2-like macrophage marker CD206. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS BP-2 emerges as a novel pan-PPAR lead candidate to normalize glycemia/triglyceridemia and minimize inflammation in metabolic disorders, likely preventing the development of further cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Villarroel-Vicente
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aida Collado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ainhoa García
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Vila
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabelle Duplan
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Francisco Garibotto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis-IMIBIO-SL-CONICET, Chacabuco 917-5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis-IMIBIO-SL-CONICET, Chacabuco 917-5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | | | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U-1011-EGID, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laura Piqueras
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Cortes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María-Jesús Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Cabedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Waddell T, Namburete A, Duckworth P, Fichera A, Telford A, Thomaides-Brears H, Cuthbertson DJ, Brady M. Poor glycaemic control and ectopic fat deposition mediates the increased risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in high-risk populations with type 2 diabetes: Insights from Bayesian-network modelling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1063882. [PMID: 36909341 PMCID: PMC9992174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1063882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 55.5% and 37.3% of people globally with type 2 diabetes (T2D) will have concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the more severe fibroinflammatory stage, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD and NASH prevalence is projected to increase exponentially over the next 20 years. Bayesian Networks (BNs) offer a powerful tool for modelling uncertainty and visualising complex systems to provide important mechanistic insight. METHODS We applied BN modelling and probabilistic reasoning to explore the probability of NASH in two extensively phenotyped clinical cohorts: 1) 211 participants with T2D pooled from the MODIFY study & UK Biobank (UKBB) online resource; and 2) 135 participants without T2D from the UKBB. MRI-derived measures of visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), skeletal muscle (SMI), liver fat (MRI-PDFF), liver fibroinflammatory change (liver cT1) and pancreatic fat (MRI-PDFF) were combined with plasma biomarkers for network construction. NASH was defined according to liver PDFF >5.6% and liver cT1 >800ms. Conditional probability queries were performed to estimate the probability of NASH after fixing the value of specific network variables. RESULTS In the T2D cohort we observed a stepwise increase in the probability of NASH with each obesity classification (normal weight: 13%, overweight: 23%, obese: 36%, severe obesity: 62%). In the T2D and non-T2D cohorts, elevated (vs. normal) VAT conferred a 20% and 1% increase in the probability of NASH, respectively, while elevated SAT caused a 7% increase in NASH risk within the T2D cohort only. In those with T2D, reducing HbA1c from the 'high' to 'low' value reduced the probability of NASH by 22%. CONCLUSION Using BNs and probabilistic reasoning to study the probability of NASH, we highlighted the relative contribution of obesity, ectopic fat (VAT and liver) and glycaemic status to increased NASH risk, namely in people with T2D. Such modelling can provide insights into the efficacy and magnitude of public health and pharmacological interventions to reduce the societal burden of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Waddell
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Perspectum Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: T. Waddell,
| | - A. Namburete
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - P. Duckworth
- Oxford Robotics Institute, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - D. J. Cuthbertson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M. Brady
- Perspectum Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Yu P, Yang H, Qi X, Bai R, Zhang S, Gong J, Mei Y, Hu P. Gender differences in the ideal cutoffs of visceral fat area for predicting MAFLD in China. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:148. [PMID: 36585702 PMCID: PMC9805250 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the discovery of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020, no report on the connection between the visceral fat area (VFA) and MAFLD has been published in China, and the ideal cutoffs of VFA for predicting MAFLD has not been determined so far. Thus, the purpose of this research was to clarify the relationship between VFA and MAFLD and the ideal cutoffs of VFA to predict MAFLD in the Chinese population. METHODS Five thousand three hundred forty subjects were included in this research, with 30% randomly selected for the validation set (n = 1602) and 70% for the Training set (n = 3738). The association between VFA and MAFLD was determined by multiple logistic regression. ROC curves were used to evaluate the prediction effect of VFA on MAFLD. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the VFA ORs (95% CIs) were 1.25 (1.20, 1.29) for women and 1.15 (1.12, 1.17) for men. Meanwhile, the VFA quartile OR (95% CI) were 3.07 (1.64, 5.75), 7.22 (3.97, 13.14), 18.91 (10.30, 34.71) for women and 3.07 (1.64, 5.75), 7.22 (3.97, 13.14),18.91 (10.30, 34.71) for men in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups compared with Q1. The ROC curve showed the VFA, WC, WHR, and WHtR to predict MAFLD, the AUC value of VFA was the highest and the prediction effect was the best. The ideal cutoffs of VFA to predict MAFLD was 115.55 cm2 for women and 178.35 cm2 for men, and the AUC was 0.788 and 0.795, respectively. Finally, the AUC was 0.773 for women and 0.800 for men in the validation set. CONCLUSION VFA was an independent predictive factor for MAFLD, and the ideal cutoff of VFA to predict MAFLD was 115.55 cm2 in women and 178.35 cm2 in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Yu
- Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huachao Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoya Qi
- Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shouqin Zhang
- Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Mei
- Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Salvatore T, Galiero R, Caturano A, Rinaldi L, Criscuolo L, Di Martino A, Albanese G, Vetrano E, Catalini C, Sardu C, Docimo G, Marfella R, Sasso FC. Current Knowledge on the Pathophysiology of Lean/Normal-Weight Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010658. [PMID: 36614099 PMCID: PMC9820420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since early times, being overweight and obesity have been associated with impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Similarly, a less frequent adult-onset diabetes in low body mass index (BMI) people has been known for many decades. This form is mainly found in developing countries, whereby the largest increase in diabetes incidence is expected in coming years. The number of non-obese patients with T2D is also on the rise among non-white ethnic minorities living in high-income Western countries due to growing migratory flows. A great deal of energy has been spent on understanding the mechanisms that bind obesity to T2D. Conversely, the pathophysiologic features and factors driving the risk of T2D development in non-obese people are still much debated. To reduce the global burden of diabetes, we need to understand why not all obese people develop T2D and not all those with T2D are obese. Moreover, through both an effective prevention and the implementation of an individualized clinical management in all people with diabetes, it is hoped that this will help to reduce this global burden. The purpose of this review is to take stock of current knowledge about the pathophysiology of diabetes not associated to obesity and to highlight which aspects are worthy of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Livio Criscuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Christian Catalini
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
- Mediterrannea Cardiocentro, I–80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I–80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Mitu I, Dimitriu CD, Preda C, Mitu O, Costache II, Miftode RȘ, Ciocoiu M. The Importance of HDL-Cholesterol and Fat-Free Percentage as Protective Markers in Risk Factor Hierarchy for Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121217. [PMID: 36557255 PMCID: PMC9784319 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This research focused on establishing a hierarchy concerning the influence of various biological markers and body composition parameters on preventing, diagnosing and managing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Our cross-sectional cohort study included 104 subjects without any atherosclerotic antecedent pathology, organized in two groups (with and without MetS). All participants underwent clinical and anthropometric measurements, DEXA investigation and blood tests for all MetS criteria, together with adiponectin, leptin, insulin, uric acid and CRP. Based on mathematical logic, we calculated a normalized sensitivity score to compare the predictive power of biomarkers and parameters associated with MetS, upon the prevalence of MetS. Patients with MetS report higher levels of uric acid (p = 0.02), CRP (p = 0.012) and lower levels of adiponectin (p = 0.025) than patients without MetS. The top three biological markers with the highest predictive power of the prevalence of the disease are HDL, insulin, and adiponectin:leptin ratio, and the top three body composition parameters are trunk fat-free percentage, waist-height ratio and trunk fat percentage. Their high sensitivity scores differentiate them from all the other markers analysed in the study. Our findings report relevant scores for estimating the importance of cardiometabolic risks in the prevalence of MetS. The high rank of protective markers, HDL and trunk fat-free percentage, suggest that positive effects have a stronger association with the prevalence of MetS, than negative ones do. Therefore, this risk stratification study provides important support for prevention and management programs regarding MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Mitu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina-Daniela Dimitriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Preda
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- 1st Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); Tel.: +40-745279714 (O.M.)
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- 1st Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Ștefan Miftode
- 1st Medical Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (O.M.); (R.-Ș.M.); Tel.: +40-745279714 (O.M.)
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and associated factors among inpatients with severe mental illness in Botswana: a cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:515. [PMID: 36460970 PMCID: PMC9717503 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The metabolic syndrome, a cluster of inter-related risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is highly prevalent among individuals with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Chronic psychiatric disorders such as severe mental illness are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome among inpatients with severe mental illness in a resource limited setting with high HIV prevalence. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study among adult inpatients at a referral psychiatric hospital in Botswana. We used convenience sampling to enrol participants available at the time of the study. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria was used to define the metabolic syndrome. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics as well as multiple logistic regression modelling. RESULTS A total of 137 participants were enrolled. Of these, 119 (87%) had complete data for the main analysis. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 22.6% (95% CI 15.9, 30.6) and did not differ significantly by gender or HIV status. Age was significantly associated with the risk of having the metabolic syndrome while gender, body mass index, HIV status, and days of moderate physical activity were not. CONCLUSION There was a moderately high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Thus, the management of individuals with severe mental illness in resource limited settings should include assessment of cardiovascular risk and target modifiable risk factors in this population. Consideration for the patient's age should be made when rationalizing the limited resources available for assessing metabolic syndrome among patients with severe mental illness.
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Domaradzki J, Koźlenia D, Popowczak M. Prognostic Potential of the Body Composition Indices in Predicting Positive Changes in Resting Blood Pressure after High-Intensity Interval Training in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14658. [PMID: 36429371 PMCID: PMC9690772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic potential of body composition indices in predicting the improvement in resting blood pressure after 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) implemented in physical education lessons. The participants were 141 adolescents aged 16 years. Independent variables were body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), muscle mass index (SMI), and mass to fat ratio (MFR); dependent variables were systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and its indices: pulse pressure (PP), mid-blood pressure (MBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The receiver operating curve (ROC) method was employed. SMI and MFR are body composition indices with prognostic potential to predict positive changes in SBP in males (SMI: AUC = 0.82; p < 0.001, MFR = 0.70; p = 0.039) and MFR in females (AUC = 0.72; p = 0.035). The respective cut-off point values used to classify participants as a beneficiary of HIIT intervention concerning SBP were SMI = 7.84 and MFR = 2.43 in males, and for SMI = 10.12 and MFR = 1.94 in females. Body composition indices based on skeletal muscle (SMI, MFR) were more likely to predict positive changes in SBP after HIIT intervention in adolescents. PP, MBP, and MAP did not reflect the detecting power of SMI and MFR. However, these thresholds' utility is limited to adolescents of 16 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Domaradzki
- Unit of Biostructure, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Koźlenia
- Unit of Biostructure, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Popowczak
- Unit of Team Sports Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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Yan LJ, Zeng YR, Chan-Shan Ma RN, Zheng Y. J-shaped association between the visceral adiposity index and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111832. [PMID: 36162223 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visceral obesity, assessed using the visceral adiposity index (VAI), is related to mortality, but studies of populations with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between VAI and all-cause mortality among individuals with CKD. METHODS We retrospectively explored the relationship between VAI and risk for all-cause death by analyzing the data of 4145 patients with CKD who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2006. Patients were followed until December 31, 2015. RESULTS After an average follow-up of 134.14 mo, 1034 (24.95%) deaths were recorded. Comparison of VAI quartiles with the reference showed an unstable association of VAI with all-cause mortality after adjusting for a wide range of potential confounders in Cox regression analysis. The correlation between VAI and mortality was J-shaped after applying the penalized spline method. Before the inflection point (VAI = 68.23), higher VAI had a protective effect against mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.77). However, the risk for all-cause mortality gradually increased with the VAI (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.21). CONCLUSION Visceral obesity may influence the rate of all-cause mortality in a nonlinear manner in populations with CKD. Risk for death was higher with visceral fat deficiency than with excessive visceral fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Yan
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City, China
| | - Yu-Ran Zeng
- Department of Hemodialysis, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City, China
| | - R N Chan-Shan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou City, China.
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Houdijk APJ, Bos NFJME, Verduin WM, Hijdendaal MM, Zwartkruis MAL. Visceral fat loss by whole-body electromyostimulation is attenuated in male and absent in female older Non-Insulin-Dependent diabetes patients. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 5:e377. [PMID: 36225127 PMCID: PMC9659660 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes and its reversal correlate with increases and decreases in visceral fat (VF). Resistance exercise reduces VF in healthy persons, but little is known in type 2 diabetes. Muscle contractions induced by whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) provide a very effective form of resistance training. We hypothesized that WB-EMS reduces VF and improves plasma glucose measures in older non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) males and females. METHODS A four-arm age-matched case control study was done on WB-EMS twice a week in older NIDDM patients (27 males, 18 females) compared with controls (15 males, 15 females). VAT area (VAT, cm2 ), total fat mass (TFM, kg) and lean body mass (LBM, kg) were assessed by DEXA-scanning. HbA1c, fasting glucose and plasma lipoproteins were measured at baseline and after 4 months. RESULTS Baseline control VAT was higher in males than females (140.5 ± 35.6 vs. 96.7 ± 42.3, p < .001). In NIDDM, VAT was higher with no significant sex difference (206.5 ± 65.0 vs. 186.5 ± 60.5). In controls, WBEMS reduced VAT in males and females to similar extent (-16.9% and -16.4%, p < .001 vs. baseline) and in preference to TFM (-9.2% and -3.6%) or body weight loss (-2.8 and -2.1%). In NIDDM, VF loss was attenuated in males (-7.3%, p < .01) but completely absent in females. WBEMS reduced HbA1c and cholesterol and increased HDL levels (all p < .05) only in male NIDDM CONCLUSIONS: WBEMS induced VF loss in healthy older males and females an effect strongly attenuated in male and completely absent in female NIDDM patients. This questions the effectiveness of muscle contraction-induced VF lipolysis in NIDDM. Sex differences may dictate the success of resistance training in NIDDM, a subject that needs to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wouter M. Verduin
- Department of SurgeryNorthwest Clinics AlkmaarAlkmaarThe Netherlands
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Kottilil S, Mathur P. The influence of inflammation on cardiovascular disease in women. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:979708. [PMID: 36304737 PMCID: PMC9592850 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.979708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of cardiovascular disease in women is almost a decade later than men, partly due to the protective effect of estrogen prior to menopause. Recently, it was noted that while there have been advances in improving the morbidity and mortality from CVD in women older than 55 years, the improvement in younger women has been stagnant. The mechanism behind this lag is unclear. This manuscript reviews the literature available on the sex-specific inflammatory response in the context of traditional and non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Our review suggests that women have a differential inflammatory response to various disease states that increases their risk for CVD and warrants a distinct prioritization from men when calculating cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poonam Mathur
- Insitute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States,Correspondence: Poonam Mathur
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The Impact of Radiographic, Metabolic and Demographic Characteristics on Kidney Stone Recurrence. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101632. [PMID: 36294771 PMCID: PMC9604730 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithiasis is a frequent disease with cited rates of recurrence after initial diagnosis that vary widely and range between 35% and 50%. We assessed the radiographic recurrence rate in patients with urinary stones and its risk factors. We retrospectively identified patients who were diagnosed with urinary stones on non-contrast computed tomography from 2010 to 2011, and underwent another imaging examination at least six months afterwards. We collected patient demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiologic data and compared patients with and without urinary stone recurrence. Ultimately, 237 patients were included in the study; the mean follow-up was 6.7 years; 88 patients (37.1%) had recurrence based on our recurrence criteria. On univariate analysis, the significant parameters for recurrence were baseline serum calcium and uric acid, stone location in the kidney, surgical intervention and stone burden volume. On multivariate analysis, surgical intervention (OR 3.07, p = 0.001), baseline calcium (OR 2.56, p = 0.011), baseline uric acid (OR 1.30, p = 0.021) and stone location in the kidney (OR 2.16, p = 0.012) were associated with higher risk of recurrence. These findings may guide personalized follow-up protocols for patients with urolithiasis based on their risk factors.
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Azimi-Nezhad M, Aminisani N, Ghasemi A, Farimani AR, Khorashadizadeh F, Mirhafez SR, Hyde M, Shamshirgaran SM. Metabolic Syndrome and Body Composition Among People Aged 50 Years and Over: Results from The Neyshabur Longitudinal Study on Ageing (NeLSA). Indian J Clin Biochem 2022; 37:432-440. [PMID: 36262782 PMCID: PMC9573828 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-01014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There are few studies regarding body composition and metabolic syndrome (MetS) association in older adults. To evaluate the association between MetS and body composition indices in a large-scale population of subjects with an age of 50 and up. This study was based on the data from Neyshabur Longitudinal Study on Ageing (NeLSA) in a total of 7462 people of Neyshabur city in IRAN. The best cut-off scores and AUC value of body composition variables for having association with likelihood of MetS were determined by using a receiver operating curve analysis. Each unit increase in the Waist/Hip ratio, the odds of having MetS increase 3-6 times (OR: 4.937, 95%CI: 3.930, 6.203 in men; OR: 3.322, 95%CI: 2.259, 4.884 in women). In addition, in the case of BMI (OR: 1.256, 95% Cl: 1.226, 1.286 in men; OR: 1.104, 95% Cl: 1.086, 1.121 in women) and BFM (OR: 1.119, 95% Cl: 1.105, 1.133 in men; OR: 1.050, 95% Cl: 1.041, 1.060 in women), the chance of having MetS increases with increasing these variables. Totally, BMI and BFM showed the best AUC values. The optimal cut-off values for BMI in men was 26.45 and in women was 27.35 and for BFM in men was 23.35 and in women was 26.85. These results suggest that adiposity measures such as BMI and BFM are associated with likelihood of having MetS in subjects with an age of 50 and up, and that avoiding high adiposity is important to prevent MetS incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Nayyereh Aminisani
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Azam Rezaei Farimani
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khorashadizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mirhafez
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Martin Hyde
- Centre for Innovative Ageing, College of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales UK
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Xu F, Earp JE, Blissmer BJ, Lofgren IE, Delmonico MJ, Greene GW. The Demographic Specific Abdominal Fat Composition and Distribution Trends in US Adults from 2011 to 2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12103. [PMID: 36231408 PMCID: PMC9565041 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rising awareness of abdominal adiposity associated health problems and demographic health disparities, research is lacking about abdominal fat trends using a national representative sample of US adults. Our purpose was to examine national demographic specific abdominal fat composition and distribution trends from 2011 to 2018. This trend analysis was using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (n = 13,163). Visceral adipose percent (VAT%), visceral adipose tissue area (VAA) and visceral to subcutaneous adipose area ratio (VSR) were utilized in data analyses. Multiple polynomial linear regression was utilized with adjustment for confounding variables. Our findings revealed that VAT%, VAA and VSR trends were concave among all demographic groups. The VAT%, VAA and/or VSR changes were observed in most demographic groups (p < 0.05) except younger, White and Black respondents. The pattern was consistent with biennial increases up to 2014 or 2016 followed by decreases in 2017-2018. There were demographic disparities, with middle-aged respondents and Hispanics having the most evident VAT%, VSR and/or VAA changes biennially when compared to their counterparts (p < 0.05). In conclusion, abdominal fat composition and distribution increased before 2014 or 2016 but decreased afterwards with variations by age and/or race/ethnicity. Further research is needed to explore the possible causes of abdominal fat changes overtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Xu
- School of Education, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jacob E. Earp
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bryan J. Blissmer
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Ingrid E. Lofgren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey W. Greene
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Zhang JX, Li W, Tao XJ, Chen C, Wang QA, Liu WL, Yang C, Wang KR, Qiu JW, Zhao Y, Zhang YH. Fat-to-muscle ratio as a predictor for dyslipidaemia in transitional-age youth. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:88. [PMID: 36123675 PMCID: PMC9487042 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although dyslipidaemia may have a crucial impact on cardiovascular health in adults, there is a lack of specific data in transitional-age youth. Therefore, this study attempted to evaluate the association of dyslipidaemia with fat-to-muscle ratio (FMR), and establish FMR thresholds for diagnosing dyslipidaemia in transitional-age youth. Methods One thousand six hundred sixty individuals aged 16 to 24 years from the baseline of a subcohort in the Northwest China Natural Population Cohort: Ningxia Project were analysed. Anthropometric characteristics were gauged by a bioelectrical impedance analyser, and dyslipidaemia components were measured using a Beckman AU480 chemistry analyser. Additionally, this study used logistic regression to estimate the risk of dyslipidaemia based on FMR quintiles, and calculate the gender-specific ideal cut-off values of dyslipidaemia and its components by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Of the 1660 participants, aged 19.06 ± 1.14 years, 558 males and 1102 females. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 13.4% and was significantly associated with FMR quintiles among all participants (P < 0.05). The ideal values of FMR in diagnosing dyslipidaemia were 0.2224 for males and 0.4809 for females, while males had a higher AUC than females (0.7118 vs. 0.6656). Meanwhile, high FMR values were significantly associated with adverse outcomes of dyslipidaemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridaemia (P < 0.05). Conclusions The FMR was positively correlated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia. The FMR can be used as an effective body composition index for diagnosing dyslipidaemia, especially in males, and preventive strategies should be initiated in transitional-age youth to decrease obesity-related dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Juan Tao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-An Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Lu Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Yang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Rong Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Wei Qiu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Hong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
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Kinoshita K, Ozato N, Yamaguchi T, Mori K, Katsuragi Y, Yasukawa T, Murashita K, Nakaji S, Ihara K. Association between visceral fat and influenza infection in Japanese adults: A population-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272059. [PMID: 35881591 PMCID: PMC9321422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have reported that obesity is associated with influenza infection; however, the role of visceral fat remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between visceral fat and influenza infection in community-dwelling Japanese adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using data from an annual community-based health check-up conducted from May to June in 2019. In total, 1,040 Japanese adults aged 20–89 years were enrolled in this study. Influenza infection status was determined by participants’ responses to a self-administered questionnaire. The visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using a bioimpedance-type visceral fat meter. Participants were classified into four groups using the following cut-off points: VFA < 100 cm2 was set as the reference category according to the Japanese criteria, 100 ≤ VFA < 150 cm2, 150 ≤ VFA < 200 cm2, and 200 cm2 ≤ VFA. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between VFA and influenza infection. Results In total, 119 participants had influenza infections in the past year. In the multivariate adjusted model, a higher VFA was significantly associated with increased influenza infection; the adjusted odds ratio for 200 cm2 ≤ VFA was 5.03 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–23.6], that for 150 ≤ VFA < 200 cm2 was 1.97 (95% CI: 0.71–5.45), and that for 100 ≤ VFA < 150 cm2 was 1.62 (95% CI: 0.84–3.12), compared with that for VFA < 100 cm2 (p for trend = 0.049). These findings were confirmed in the same cohort the following year. Conclusions Our results suggest that visceral fat accumulation is associated with influenza infection. Large-scale prospective studies using diagnostic information for influenza infection are required to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kinoshita
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Naoki Ozato
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Yamaguchi
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Mori
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Katsuragi
- Department of Active Life Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
- Health & Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Yasukawa
- Department of Preemptive Medicine, Innovation Center of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Murashita
- COI Research Initiatives Organization, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazushige Ihara
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
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Chan NPT, Lai AYK, Choy HK, Cheung DYT, Wan ANT, Cheng VYH, Chan KY, Lau YK, Yung CY, Cheung GOC, Lam TH. Feasibility and Potential Effectiveness of a Smartphone Zero-Time Exercise Intervention for Promoting Physical Activity and Fitness in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Public Health 2022; 10:865712. [PMID: 35910893 PMCID: PMC9330491 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.865712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zero-time Exercise (ZTEx), a simple strength- and stamina-enhancing physical activity (PA) requiring no extra equipment, can potentially increase PA and fitness. This pilot trial examined the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a smartphone ZTEx intervention to promote PA and fitness in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods A parallel-group assessor-blinded pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted on Chinese patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) in three cardiology clinics. The experimental group received a 15-min brief individual face-to-face session and a 12-week ZTEx instant messaging with 28 picture e-messages and a smartphone ZTEx application (ZTExApp). The control group received the same duration of individual session and number and format of e-messages, but the content was healthy eating and breathing exercise. The feasibility was assessed based on: attrition rate, usage, response rate and perception of the intervention. The outcome evaluation included primary outcome (PA), fitness, exercise self-efficacy and intention, perceived happiness and health, and quality of life. A linear mixed model was used with intention-to-treat analysis adjusting for sex, age and baseline values. A semi-structured interview was conducted to collect feedback from the experiment group. Results One hundred thirty-nine patients (mean age 59.8 ± 6.6; 71.2% male) were randomized to the experimental group (n = 70) or control group (n = 69), and 80% (56/70) and 82% (57/69) of patients completed the 12-week follow-up assessment, respectively. The attrition rate was 18.7%. The experimental group reported that ZTEx was feasible to integrate PA into their daily life and appreciated the picture e-messages, and 95% of them sent feedback to us, but only 19.6% (13/70) of the participants entered their PA information into the e-diary of the ZTExApp. The experimental group had a significantly greater increase in time spent walking [mean difference (95% CI): 155.3 (10.1, 300.4), P = 0.04, Cohen's d = 0.34] than the control group. Conclusions This pilot study showed using a brief ZTEx face-to-face session with picture e-messages empowered patients with CHD to integrate PA into daily life. Future definitive trials with a longer follow-up and a more user-friendly ZTExApp interface are necessary to determine the effectiveness of the smartphone ZTEx intervention in enhancing PA and related outcomes. Trial Registration The research protocol was registered at the Hong Kong University Clinical Trials Registry (HKUCTR) on 22 Jul 2016 (Study identifier: HKUCTR-2165) and was also retrospectively registered at the National Institutes of Health (identifier number: NCT03464331) on 14 March 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel P. T. Chan
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Agnes Y. K. Lai
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Agnes Y. K. Lai
| | - Hau K. Choy
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznon University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Derek Y. T. Cheung
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice N. T. Wan
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Aberdeen Kai Fong Welfare Association Services Centre, Aberdeen, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Victor Y. H. Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Pok Oi Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Y. Chan
- Intensive Care Unit, Hong Kong Sanatorium Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuk K. Lau
- Private Practice, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Y. Yung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ruttonjee and Tang Shiu Kin Hospitals, Wan Chai, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - George O. C. Cheung
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - T. H. Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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da Silva BR, Rufato S, Mialich MS, Cruz LP, Gozzo T, Jordao AA. An Evaluation of Metabolic, Dietetic, and Nutritional Status Reveals Impaired Nutritional Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3611-3622. [PMID: 35762504 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2093388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status can change in breast cancer patients after treatment. However, the metabolic implications of those alterations are poorly understood. We used a cross-sectional study design to compare body composition, lipids, glucose levels, and adiposity indices in breast cancer patients with a matched control and a healthy group. We recruited women who completed their chemotherapy (BC group) and compared them with a group of women without cancer age and body mass index-paired (MC group) and a group of healthy women (HC group). We estimated body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, physical function by handgrip strength, and food consumption by 24-hour food record. A blood sample was collected. We calculated visceral obesity indices (VAI and LAP) and insulin resistance-triglyceride glucose (TyG). Eighty-eight women were included (BC = 36, MC = 36, HC = 16). BC patients demonstrated worse phase angle values, nutritional risk index and lower handgrip strength. Additionally, according to the indices, BC had impairments in lipids, worse glucose levels, and elevated visceral fat adiposity and presented important unhealthy dietary patterns characterized by under-recommended protein consumption and higher caloric intake than the other groups. No differences were observed between both control groups. Further investigations are required to examine the underlying mechanisms and the potential longitudinal changes during surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Ramos da Silva
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Rufato
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirele S Mialich
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Loris P Cruz
- Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Gozzo
- Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alceu A Jordao
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Choe EK, Shivakumar M, Lee SM, Verma A, Kim D. Dissecting the clinical relevance of polygenic risk score for obesity-a cross-sectional, longitudinal analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1686-1693. [PMID: 35752651 PMCID: PMC10362905 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01168-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global pandemic disease whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. The clinical relevance of a polygenic risk score (PRS) for obesity has not been fully elucidated in Asian populations. METHOD We utilized a comprehensive health check-up database from the Korean population in conjunction with genotyping to generate PRS for BMI (PRS-BMI). We conducted a phenome-wide association (PheWAS) analysis and observed the longitudinal association of BMI with PRS-BMI. RESULTS PRS-BMI was generated by PRS-CS. Adding PRS-BMI to a model predicting ten-year BMI based on age, sex, and baseline BMI improved the model's accuracy (p = 0.003). In a linear mixed model of longitudinal change in BMI with aging, higher deciles of PRS were directly associated with changes in BMI. In the PheWAS, significant associations were observed for metabolic syndrome, bone density, and fatty liver. In the lean body population, those having the top 20% PRS-BMI had higher BMI and body fat mass along with better metabolic trait profiles compared to the bottom 20%. A bottom-20% PRS-BMI was a risk factor for metabolically unhealthy lean body (odds ratio 3.092, 95% confidence interval 1.707-6.018, p < 0.001), with adjustment for age, sex and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Genetic predisposition to obesity as defined by PRS-BMI was significantly associated with obesity-related disease or trajectory of obesity. Low PRS-BMI might be a risk factor associated with a metabolically unhealthy lean body. Better understanding the mechanisms of these relationships may allow tailored intervention in obesity or early selection of populations at risk of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Choe
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Manu Shivakumar
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Dokyoon Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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46
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Waddell T, Bagur A, Cunha D, Thomaides‐Brears H, Banerjee R, Cuthbertson DJ, Brown E, Cusi K, Després J, Brady M. Greater ectopic fat deposition and liver fibroinflammation and lower skeletal muscle mass in people with type 2 diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1231-1238. [PMID: 35475573 PMCID: PMC9321120 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with significant end-organ damage and ectopic fat accumulation. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide a rapid, noninvasive assessment of multiorgan and body composition. The primary objective of this study was to investigate differences in visceral adiposity, ectopic fat accumulation, body composition, and relevant biomarkers between people with and without T2D. METHODS Participant demographics, routine biochemistry, and multiparametric MRI scans of the liver, pancreas, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle were analyzed from 266 participants (131 with T2D and 135 without T2D) who were matched for age, gender, and BMI. Wilcoxon and χ2 tests were performed to calculate differences between groups. RESULTS Participants with T2D had significantly elevated liver fat (7.4% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.011) and fibroinflammation (as assessed by corrected T1 [cT1]; 730 milliseconds vs. 709 milliseconds, p = 0.019), despite there being no differences in liver biochemistry, serum aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.35), or alanine transaminase concentration (p = 0.11). Significantly lower measures of skeletal muscle index (45.2 cm2 /m2 vs. 50.6 cm2 /m2 , p = 0.003) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.1 mmol/L vs. 1.3 mmol/L, p < 0.0001) were observed in participants with T2D. CONCLUSIONS Multiparametric MRI revealed significantly elevated liver fat and fibroinflammation in participants with T2D, despite normal liver biochemistry. This study corroborates findings of significantly lower measures of skeletal muscle and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in participants with T2D versus those without T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Waddell
- Department of Engineering ScienceThe University of OxfordOxfordUK
- Perspectum Ltd.OxfordUK
| | - Alexandre Bagur
- Department of Engineering ScienceThe University of OxfordOxfordUK
- Perspectum Ltd.OxfordUK
| | | | | | | | - Daniel J. Cuthbertson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineInstitute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolUK
| | - Emily Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic MedicineInstitute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolUK
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Branched-Chain Fatty Acids Alter the Expression of Genes Responsible for Lipid Synthesis and Inflammation in Human Adipose Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112310. [PMID: 35684110 PMCID: PMC9183013 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have demonstrated a decreased level of iso-branched-chain fatty acids (iso-BCFAs) in patients with excessive weight. However, it is still unclear whether BCFAs may influence lipid metabolism and inflammation in lipogenic tissues. To verify this, human visceral adipocytes were cultured with three different concentrations of selected iso-BCFA (14-methylpentadecanoic acid) and anteiso-BCFA (12-methyltetradecanoic acid), and then the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism (FASN-fatty acid synthase; SREBP1-sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1; SCD1-stearoyl-CoA desaturase; ELOVL4-fatty acid elongase 4; ELOVL6-fatty acid elongase 6; FADS2-fatty acid desaturase 2; FADS1-fatty acid desaturase 1) and inflammation (COX-2-cyclooxygenase 2; ALOX-15-lipoxygenase 15; IL-6-interleukin 6) were determined. This study demonstrates for the first time that incubation with iso-BCFA decreases the expression of adipocyte genes that are associated with lipid metabolism (except FASN) and inflammation. These findings suggest that changes in the iso-BCFA profile in obese patients may contribute to adipose inflammation and dyslipidemia. Further studies should evaluate whether iso-BCFA supplementation in obese patients would be beneficial.
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Tskhvedadze N, Janjgava S, Tananashvili D, Giorgadze E. The Impact of Obesity Assessed by Different Criteria on the Metabolic Parameters in Children and Adolescents in Georgia. Glob Pediatr Health 2022; 9:2333794X221097569. [PMID: 35592792 PMCID: PMC9112292 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x221097569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was comparative analysis of anthropometric characteristics
in children and adolescents significantly correlated with the parameters of
metabolic syndrome. The study group is consisted of 113 children and adolescents
(study group) with excessive body weight and obesity (group 1—BMI percentile;
group 2—waist circumference; group 3—waist to height ratio). The control group
consisted of 113 children and adolescents without. Comparative analysis of
obtained data have been carried out by multiple regression analysis. BMI
percentile is more an indicator of a generalized obesity; WC and WHR percentiles
better describe visceral obesity and metabolic disorders—insulin resistance,
hypertension and dyslipidemia. However, the WHR Percentile may be a more useful
tool. To assess obesity in children and adolescents, it is necessary to evaluate
together BMI, WC, and WHR percentiles. It can be also concluded that these
findings indicate the need to continue research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Tskhvedadze
- Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.,National Institute of Endocrinology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | | | - Elene Giorgadze
- Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia.,National Institute of Endocrinology, Tbilisi, Georgia
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49
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Magodoro IM, Okello S, Dungeni M, Castle AC, Mureyani S, Danaei G. Association between HIV and Prevalent Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in South Africa: Analysis of a Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 121:217-225. [PMID: 35597557 PMCID: PMC9337715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden is increasing among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in sub-Saharan Africa. It is unclear whether this reflects absolute increase in HIV-related CVD risk or unmasking by improved survival. Therefore, we examined whether HIV is associated with adverse cardiometabolic profiles among South African adults. METHODS We analyzed a nationally representative dataset (n=6420), estimating the weighted prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and 10-year predicted risk of incident fatal/nonfatal CVD (if aged ≥40 years). Associations between HIV and cardiometabolic indices were assessed using log-binomial regression models adjusted for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS HIV population prevalence was 18.9%, with a median age of 36 years. Hypertension (44.2% vs 45.4%), diabetes (18.6% vs 20.4%), and overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2: 54.9% vs 52.0%) prevalence did not substantially differ by HIV status, although PLWH had a lower 10-year predicted CVD risk (median: 5.1% vs 13.5%). In adjusted models, females who are HIV-negative had a 5 mm Hg higher median systolic blood pressure (128 vs 123 mmHg) than female PLWH. CONCLUSIONS PLWH in South Africa have better cardiometabolic disease profiles than the general population, and social determinants, rather than HIV, may have a greater influence on cardiometabolic risk. Designating PLWH a CVD high-risk group in South Africa is likely unwarranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai M Magodoro
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 67 Huntingdon St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Samson Okello
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 67 Huntingdon St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, 1410 University Road, Mbarara District, Uganda; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mongiwethu Dungeni
- School of Medicine, Cavendish University Zambia, Alick Nkhata Rd, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Alison C Castle
- Africa Health Research Institute, 719 Umbilo Off Ramp, Durban, 4001, South Africa; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Goodarz Danaei
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 67 Huntingdon St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wibmer AG, Dinh PC, Travis LB, Chen C, Bromberg M, Zheng J, Capanu M, Sesso HD, Feldman DR, Vargas HA. Associations of Body Fat Distribution and Cardiometabolic Risk of Testicular Cancer Survivors after Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:6585341. [PMID: 35801305 PMCID: PMC9263534 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It is unknown how body fat distribution modulates the cardiometabolic risk of testicular cancer survivors (TCSs) after cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
Methods
For 455 patients enrolled in The Platinum Study at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue was quantified on pre-chemotherapy CT. VAT/SAT ratio was calculated as a quantitative measure of central adiposity. Endpoints were incidence of new post-chemotherapy cardiometabolic disease (new antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, or diabetes medication), and post-chemotherapy Framingham risk scores. Cox models and linear regression with interaction terms were applied. Post-chemotherapy body fat distribution was analyzed in 108 patients. All statistical tests were 2-sided.
Results
Baseline median age was 31 years (IQR = 26, 39), BMI 26 kg/m2 (IQR: 24, 29), and VAT/SAT ratio 0.49 (IQR: 0.31, 0.75). Median follow-up was 26 months (IQR: 16, 59). Higher pre-chemotherapy VAT/SAT ratios inferred a higher likelihood of new cardiometabolic disease among patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (age-adjusted HR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.02–9.71, p = 0.047), but not other BMI groups. Pre-chemotherapy VAT/SAT ratio was associated with post-chemotherapy Framingham risk scores in univariate regression analysis (exp(β)-estimate: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.84, 2.39, p < 0.001); in a multivariate model, this association was stronger in younger versus older individuals. BMI increased in most patients after chemotherapy and correlated with increases in VAT/SAT (Spearman r = 0.39; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
In TCSs, central adiposity is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk after cisplatin-based chemotherapy, particularly in obese or young men. Weight gain after chemotherapy occurs preferentially in the visceral compartment, providing insight into the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas G Wibmer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul C Dinh
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lois B Travis
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, USA
| | - Carol Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Genitourinary Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Junting Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marinela Capanu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darren R Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Genitourinary Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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