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Toledo B, Zhu Chen L, Paniagua-Sancho M, Marchal JA, Perán M, Giovannetti E. Deciphering the performance of macrophages in tumour microenvironment: a call for precision immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 38863020 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages infiltrating tumour tissues or residing in the microenvironment of solid tumours are known as tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). These specialized immune cells play crucial roles in tumour growth, angiogenesis, immune regulation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. TAMs encompass various subpopulations, primarily classified into M1 and M2 subtypes based on their differentiation and activities. M1 macrophages, characterized by a pro-inflammatory phenotype, exert anti-tumoural effects, while M2 macrophages, with an anti-inflammatory phenotype, function as protumoural regulators. These highly versatile cells respond to stimuli from tumour cells and other constituents within the tumour microenvironment (TME), such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes. These stimuli induce their polarization towards one phenotype or another, leading to complex interactions with TME components and influencing both pro-tumour and anti-tumour processes.This review comprehensively and deeply covers the literature on macrophages, their origin and function as well as the intricate interplay between macrophages and the TME, influencing the dual nature of TAMs in promoting both pro- and anti-tumour processes. Moreover, the review delves into the primary pathways implicated in macrophage polarization, examining the diverse stimuli that regulate this process. These stimuli play a crucial role in shaping the phenotype and functions of macrophages. In addition, the advantages and limitations of current macrophage based clinical interventions are reviewed, including enhancing TAM phagocytosis, inducing TAM exhaustion, inhibiting TAM recruitment, and polarizing TAMs towards an M1-like phenotype. In conclusion, while the treatment strategies targeting macrophages in precision medicine show promise, overcoming several obstacles is still necessary to achieve an accessible and efficient immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Toledo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Lagunillas, Jaén, E-23071, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linrui Zhu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María Paniagua-Sancho
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada-Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada-Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Lagunillas, Jaén, E-23071, Spain.
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain.
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, Pisa, 56017, Italy.
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Khan MM, Li Y, Zhou Z, Ni A, Saiding Q, Qin D, Tao W, Chen W. Macrophage-modulating nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7378-7386. [PMID: 38511468 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06333j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play crucial roles in the immunosuppressive solid tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite their tumor-promoting functions, TAMs can also be therapeutically modulated to exhibit tumor-killing properties, making them attractive targets for tumor immunotherapy. This review highlights the recent advances in nanomedicine-based strategies centered around macrophages for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Emerging nanomedicine-based strategies to modulate TAMs in cancer treatment include repolarization of the TAM phenotype, inhibition of monocyte recruitment, depletion of TAMs, and blockage of immune checkpoints. These strategies have shown great promise in significantly improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Moreover, macrophage-inspired drug delivery systems have demonstrated significant promise in inducing immunotherapeutic effects and enhancing therapeutic efficacy by facilitating evasion from the reticuloendothelial system and promoting accumulation at the tumor site. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and propose future opportunities associated with macrophage-modulating nanomedicine to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muzamil Khan
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Zhuoming Zhou
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Abigale Ni
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Duotian Qin
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Darya GH, Zare O, Karbalaei-Heidari HR, Zeinali S, Sheardown H, Rastegari B. Enzyme-responsive mannose-grafted magnetic nanoparticles for breast and liver cancer therapy and tumor-associated macrophage immunomodulation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:663-677. [PMID: 38680108 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2347300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemo-immunotherapy modifies the tumor microenvironment to enhance the immune response and improve chemotherapy. This study introduces a dual-armed chemo-immunotherapy strategy combating breast tumor progression while re-polarizing Tumor-Associated Macrophage (TAM) using prodigiosin-loaded mannan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (PG@M-MNPs). METHODS The physicochemical properties of one-step synthetized M-MNPs were analyzed, including X-ray diffraction, FTIR, DLS, VSM, TEM, zeta potential analysis, and drug loading content were carried out. Biocompatibility, cancer specificity, cellular uptake, and distribution of PG@M-MNPs were investigated using fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression levels of IL-6 and ARG-1 after treatment with PG and PG@M-MNPs on M1 and M2 macrophage subsets were studied. RESULTS The M-MNPs were successfully synthesized and characterized, demonstrating a size below 100 nm. The release kinetics of PG from M-MNPs showed sustained and controlled patterns, with enzyme-triggered release. Cytotoxicity assessments revealed an enhanced selectivity of PG@M-MNPs against cancer cells and minimal effects on normal cells. Additionally, immuno-modulatory activity demonstrates the potential of PG@M-MNPs to change the polarization dynamics of macrophages. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential of a targeted approach to breast cancer treatment, offering new avenues for improved therapeutic outcomes and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Hossein Darya
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Zare
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Karbalaei-Heidari
- Molecular Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sedighe Zeinali
- Department of Nanochemical Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Institute, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Banafsheh Rastegari
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Khafaga AF, Gaballa MMS, Karam R, Shoulah SA, Shamma RN, Khalifa NE, Farrag NE, Noreldin AE. Synergistic therapeutic strategies and engineered nanoparticles for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in cancer. Life Sci 2024; 341:122499. [PMID: 38342375 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the defining characteristics of cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is crucial for the development of angiogenesis. A growing interest in cancer therapy is being caused by the widespread use of antiangiogenic drugs in treating several types of human cancer. However, this therapeutic approach can worsen resistance, invasion, and overall survival. As we proceed, refining combination strategies and addressing the constraint of targeted treatments are paramount. Therefore, major challenges in using novel combinations of antiangiogenic agents with cytotoxic treatments are currently focused on illustrating the potential of synergistic therapeutic strategies, alongside advancements in nanomedicine and gene therapy, present opportunities for more precise interference with angiogenesis pathways and tumor environments. Nanoparticles have the potential to regulate several crucial activities and improve several drug limitations such as lack of selectivity, non-targeted cytotoxicity, insufficient drug delivery at tumor sites, and multi-drug resistance based on their unique features. The goal of this updated review is to illustrate the enormous potential of novel synergistic therapeutic strategies and the targeted nanoparticles as an alternate strategy for t treating a variety of tumors employing antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M S Gaballa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
| | - Reham Karam
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35511, Egypt.
| | - Salma A Shoulah
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh 13736, Egypt.
| | - Rehab N Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Norhan E Khalifa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh 51511, Egypt.
| | - Nehal E Farrag
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
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5
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Wang H, Wang X, Zhang X, Xu W. The promising role of tumor-associated macrophages in the treatment of cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101041. [PMID: 38198845 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are important components of the immune system. Mature macrophages can be recruited to tumor microenvironment that affect tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, extracellular matrix remodeling, immune suppression, as well as chemotherapy resistance. Classically activated type I macrophages (M1) exhibited marked tumor killing and phagocytosis. Therefore, using macrophages for adoptive cell therapy has attracted attention and become one of the most effective strategies for cancer treatment. Through cytokines and/or chemokines, macrophage can inhibit myeloid cells recruitment, and activate anti-tumor and immune killing functions. Applying macrophages for anti-tumor delivery is one of the most promising approaches for cancer therapy. This review article introduces the role of macrophages in tumor development and drug resistance, and the possible clinical application of targeting macrophages for overcoming drug resistance and enhancing cancer therapeutics, as well as its challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin Medical University, PR China; Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, PR China.
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, PR China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, PR China; Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Wanhai Xu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology, Harbin Medical University, PR China; Department of Urology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, PR China.
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6
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Liu J, Lu J, Wu L, Zhang T, Wu J, Li L, Tai Z, Chen Z, Zhu Q. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages: Novel insights into immunotherapy of skin cancer. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00026-2. [PMID: 38242529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of skin cancer is currently increasing, and conventional treatment options inadequately address the demands of disease management. Fortunately, the recent rapid advancement of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has ushered in a new era for numerous cancer patients. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy remains suboptimal due to the impact of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a major component of the TME, play crucial roles in tumor invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion, significantly impacting tumor development. Consequently, TAMs have gained considerable attention in recent years, and their roles have been extensively studied in various tumors. However, the specific roles of TAMs and their regulatory mechanisms in skin cancer remain unclear. AIM OF REVIEW This paper aims to elucidate the origin and classification of TAMs, investigate the interactions between TAMs and various immune cells, comprehensively understand the precise mechanisms by which TAMs contribute to the pathogenesis of different types of skin cancer, and finally discuss current strategies for targeting TAMs in the treatment of skin cancer. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF OVERVIEW With a specific emphasis on the interrelationship between TAMs and skin cancer, this paper posits that therapeutic modalities centered on TAMs hold promise in augmenting and harmonizing with prevailing clinical interventions for skin cancer, thereby charting a novel trajectory for advancing the landscape of immunotherapeutic approaches for skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jiaye Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Lisha Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China.
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Song P, Duan J, Ding J, Liu J, Fang Z, Xu H, Li Z, Du W, Xu M, Ling Y, He F, Tao K, Wang L. Cellular senescence primes liver fibrosis regression through Notch-EZH2. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e346. [PMID: 37614965 PMCID: PMC10442476 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence plays a pivotal role in wound healing. At the initiation of liver fibrosis regression, accumulated senescent cells were detected and genes of senescence were upregulated. Flow cytometry combined with single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that most of senescent cells were liver nonparenchymal cells. Removing senescent cells by dasatinib and quercetin (DQ), alleviated hepatic cellular senescence, impeded fibrosis regression, and disrupted liver sinusoids. Clearance of senescent cells not only decreased senescent macrophages but also shrank the proportion of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages through apoptotic pathway. Subsequently, macrophages were depleted by clodronate, which diminished hepatic senescent cells and impaired fibrosis regression. Mechanistically, the change of the epigenetic regulator enhancer of zeste homolog2 (EZH2) accompanied with the emergence of hepatic senescent cells while liver fibrosis regressed. Blocking EZH2 signaling by EPZ6438 reduced hepatic senescent cells and macrophages, decelerating liver fibrosis regression. Moreover, the promoter region of EZH2 was transcriptionally suppressed by Notch-Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split 1) signaling. Disruption of Notch in macrophages using Lyz2 (lysozyme 2) Cre-RBP-J (recombination signal binding protein Jκ) f/f transgenic mice, enhanced hepatic cellular senescence, and facilitated fibrosis regression by upregulating EZH2 and blocking EZH2 abrogated the above effects caused by Notch deficiency. Ultimately, adopting Notch inhibitor Ly3039478 or exosome-mediated RBP-J decoy oligodeoxynucleotides accelerated liver fibrosis regression by augmenting hepatic cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Juan‐Li Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jing‐Jing Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhi‐Wen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yu‐Wei Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fei He
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kai‐Shan Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryXi‐Jing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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Zheng J, Jiang J, Pu Y, Xu T, Sun J, Zhang Q, He L, Liang X. Tumor-associated macrophages in nanomaterial-based anti-tumor therapy: as target spots or delivery platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1248421. [PMID: 37654704 PMCID: PMC10466823 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1248421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has emerged as a promising approach in cancer therapy. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of nanomedicines targeting TAMs. According to the crucial role of TAMs in tumor progression, strategies to inhibit macrophage recruitment, suppress TAM survival, and transform TAM phenotypes are discussed as potential therapeutic avenues. To enhance the targeting capacity of nanomedicines, various approaches such as the use of ligands, immunoglobulins, and short peptides are explored. The utilization of live programmed macrophages, macrophage cell membrane-coated nanoparticles and macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles as drug delivery platforms is also highlighted, offering improved biocompatibility and prolonged circulation time. However, challenges remain in achieving precise targeting and controlled drug release. The heterogeneity of TAMs and the variability of surface markers pose hurdles in achieving specific recognition. Furthermore, the safety and clinical applicability of these nanomedicines requires further investigation. In conclusion, nanomedicines targeting TAMs hold great promise in cancer therapy, offering enhanced specificity and reduced side effects. Addressing the existing limitations and expanding our understanding of TAM biology will pave the way for the successful translation of these nano-therapies into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yicheng Pu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiantong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lucianò AM, Di Martile M, Pérez-Oliva AB, Di Caprio M, Foddai ML, Buglioni S, Mulero V, Del Bufalo D. Exploring association of melanoma-specific Bcl-xL with tumor immune microenvironment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:178. [PMID: 37488586 PMCID: PMC10364435 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages take center stage in the tumor microenvironment, a niche composed of extracellular matrix and a heterogeneous group of cells, including immune ones. They can evolve during tumor progression and acquire Tumor-Associated Macrophage (TAMs) phenotype. The release of cytokines by tumor and stromal cells, influence the secretion of cytokines by TAMs, which can guarantee tumor progression and influence the response to therapy. Among all factors able to recruit and polarize macrophages, we focused our attention on Bcl-xL, a multifaceted member of the Bcl-2 family, whose expression is deregulated in melanoma. It acts not only as a canonical pro-survival and anti-apoptotic protein, but also as a promoter of tumor progression. METHODS Human melanoma cells silencing or overexpressing Bcl-xL protein, THP-1 monocytic cells and monocyte-derived macrophages were used in this study. Protein array and specific neutralizing antibodies were used to analyze cytokines and chemokines secreted by melanoma cells. qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western Blot analyses were used to evaluate macrophage polarization markers and protein expression levels. Transwell chambers were used to evaluate migration of THP-1 and monocyte-derived macrophages. Mouse and zebrafish models were used to evaluate the ability of melanoma cells to recruit and polarize macrophages in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated that melanoma cells overexpressing Bcl-xL recruit macrophages at the tumor site and induce a M2 phenotype. In addition, we identified that interleukin-8 and interleukin-1β cytokines are involved in macrophage polarization, and the chemokine CCL5/RANTES in the macrophages recruitment at the tumor site. We also found that all these Bcl-xL-induced factors are regulated in a NF-kB dependent manner in human and zebrafish melanoma models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed the pro-tumoral function of Bcl-xL in melanoma through its effects on macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Lucianò
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, 30120, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ana B Pérez-Oliva
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, 30120, Spain
| | - Marica Di Caprio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Foddai
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, 30120, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Kou Y, Sun Q, Zhu R, Lin Z, Li Z, Xu H, Feng X, Liu Y. Dioscin induces M1 macrophage polarization through Connexin-43 Channels in Tumor-associated-macrophages-mediated melanoma metastasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154559. [PMID: 36610151 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important constituent parts of tumor microenvironment that connected with tumor metastasis in melanoma. Connexin 43 (Cx43) was expressed in all the immune cells which modulated different aspects of immune response. However, the concrete molecular mechanism maintains unclear. PURPOSE The study aimed to find a natural drug monomer effectively reversed the polarity of tumor-associated macrophages inhibiting melanoma metastasis and improving survival time. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to determine the effects of dioscin on the macrophage phenotype. Western bolt and ELISA were performed to explore the underlying mechanism of dioscin and a co-culture experiment in vitro was applied to assess the role of dioscin on TAMs-mediated melanoma proliferation, invasion and migration. Moreover, in vivo melanoma metastasis models were established for examining effects of dioscin on TAMs-mediated melanoma metastasis. RESULTS Dioscin repolarized macrophages from M2 towards M1-like phenotype. Dioscin suppressed M2-like phenotype macrophages through enhanced the expression and transport function of Cx43. Furthermore, the stimulation IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway and suppression IL-4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway were major mechanism of dioscin. Importantly, dioscin suppressed Cx43G21R mutation TAMs induced proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis of melanoma cells. It worthily noting that dioscin ameliorated tumor-associated-macrophages-mediated melanoma metastasis in vitro and vivo. CONCLUSION Dioscin re-polarized macrophages from M2 to M1 phenotype through activation of Cx43-gap-junction-intercellular-communications (Cx43-GJs)/IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway and inhibition of Cx43-GJs/IL-4/JAK2/STAT3 suppressing migration, invasion and metastasis of melanoma, which provided a theoretical and experimental basis for treating melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qidi Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rentao Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuoqun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hairong Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China.
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Khan SU, Khan MU, Azhar Ud Din M, Khan IM, Khan MI, Bungau S, Hassan SSU. Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages as a unique approach to target tumor immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166487. [PMID: 37138860 PMCID: PMC10149956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last ten years, it has become increasingly clear that tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells drive not just carcinogenesis via cancer-related inflammatory processes, but also tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in particular are the most common kind of leucocyte in many malignancies and play a crucial role in establishing a favorable microenvironment for tumor cells. Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) is vital as the primary immune cell subset in the tumor microenvironment (TME).In order to proliferate and spread to new locations, tumors need to be able to hide from the immune system by creating an immune-suppressive environment. Because of the existence of pro-tumoral TAMs, conventional therapies like chemotherapy and radiotherapy often fail to restrain cancer growth. These cells are also to blame for the failure of innovative immunotherapies premised on immune-checkpoint suppression. Understanding the series of metabolic changes and functional plasticity experienced by TAMs in the complex TME will help to use TAMs as a target for tumor immunotherapy and develop more effective tumor treatment strategies. This review summarizes the latest research on the TAMs functional status, metabolic changes and focuses on the targeted therapy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Azhar Ud Din
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan KPK, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Muhammad Khan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, School of Biological and Food Engineering Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
- *Correspondence: Simona Bungau, ; Syed Shams ul Hassan,
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Simona Bungau, ; Syed Shams ul Hassan,
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Chatziioannou E, Aydin SA, Forchhammer S, Sinnberg T, Eigentler T. [Melanoma-associated macrophages-from molecular signals to therapeutic application]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 73:915-928. [PMID: 36394590 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-022-05077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages are an important component of the innate immune system. They are abbreviated as Mφ, MΦ, or MP. The name is derived from Greek: large eaters, μακρóς (makrós) = large, φαγεῖν (phagein) = to eat, because they engulf and digest pathogens. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with drug resistance in cancers, including melanoma, and targeting them may improve cancer treatment. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to examine the role of TAMs in cancer, particularly in melanoma. The relationship between TAM and treatment resistance and their potential application in the treatment of melanoma are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar databases for TAM and melanoma was performed. Clinical trials were searched via clinicaltrials.gov and graphical representations were created using BioRender. RESULTS In melanoma, macrophages are among the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs are associated with poor prognosis and resistance. They are involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis development. M2 is the predominant type of TAM and the M2 markers CD163 and CD204 are unfavorable prognostic biomarkers. Therapeutic approaches aim to decrease their recruitment, modulate their function, or reprogram them. Treatment using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-M cells and nanoparticles are currently being investigated. Drugs being tested for melanoma include signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitors, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) antagonists, interferons (IFN), talimogene laherparepvec (TVEC), histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitors, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) antagonists, CD40 agonists, arginase 1 (ARG-1) inhibitors, and phosphoinositide 3‑kinase γ (PI3K-γ) inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS TAMs participate in developing resistance to current melanoma therapies. Treatment directed against them may help reduce the development of resistance and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychia Chatziioannou
- Universitätshautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Serra Atilla Aydin
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Luisenstr. 2, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Stephan Forchhammer
- Universitätshautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Universitätshautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Liebermeisterstr. 25, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Luisenstr. 2, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Eigentler
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Luisenstr. 2, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
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Wang J, Long R, Han Y. The role of exosomes in the tumour microenvironment on macrophage polarisation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Xiong K, Qi M, Stoeger T, Zhang J, Chen S. The role of tumor-associated macrophages and soluble mediators in pulmonary metastatic melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000927. [PMID: 36131942 PMCID: PMC9483911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive skin tumor, which is also a major cause of skin cancer-related mortality. It can spread from a relatively small primary tumor and metastasize to multiple locations, including lymph nodes, lungs, liver, bone, and brain. What’s more metastatic melanoma is the main cause of its high mortality. Among all organs, the lung is one of the most common distant metastatic sites of melanoma, and the mortality rate of melanoma lung metastasis is also very high. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in the pulmonary metastasis of cutaneous melanoma will not only help to provide possible explanations for its etiology and progression but may also help to provide potential new therapeutic targets for its treatment. Increasing evidence suggests that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important regulatory role in the migration and metastasis of various malignant tumors. Tumor-targeted therapy, targeting tumor-associated macrophages is thus attracting attention, particularly for advanced tumors and metastatic tumors. However, the relevant role of tumor-associated macrophages in cutaneous melanoma lung metastasis is still unclear. This review will present an overview of the origin, classification, polarization, recruitment, regulation and targeting treatment of tumor-associated macrophages, as well as the soluble mediators involved in these processes and a summary of their possible role in lung metastasis from cutaneous malignant melanoma. This review particularly aims to provide insight into mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets to readers, interested in pulmonary metastasis melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifen Xiong
- The Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Helmholtz Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- Candidate Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Skin Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianglin Zhang, ; Shanze Chen,
| | - Shanze Chen
- The Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College), Jinan University, Guangdong, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jianglin Zhang, ; Shanze Chen,
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Ma S, Zhang J, Liu H, Li S, Wang Q. The Role of Tissue-Resident Macrophages in the Development and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:896591. [PMID: 35721513 PMCID: PMC9199005 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.896591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a refractory disease with many immune abnormalities and pathologies in the gastrointestinal tract. Because macrophages can distinguish innocuous antigens from potential pathogens to maintain mucosa barrier functions, they are essential cells in the intestinal immune system. With numerous numbers in the intestinal tract, tissue-resident macrophages have a significant effect on the constant regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells and maintaining the immune homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. They also have a significant influence on IBD through regulating pro-(M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype polarization according to different environmental cues. The disequilibrium of the phenotypes and functions of macrophages, disturbed by intracellular or extracellular stimuli, influences the progression of disease. Further investigation of macrophages’ role in the progression of IBD will facilitate deciphering the pathogenesis of disease and exploring novel targets to develop novel medications. In this review, we shed light on the origin and maintenance of intestinal macrophages, as well as the role of macrophages in the occurrence and development of IBD. In addition, we summarize the interaction between gut microbiota and intestinal macrophages, and the role of the macrophage-derived exosome. Furthermore, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms participating in the polarization and functions of gut macrophages, the potential targeted strategies, and current clinical trials for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Heshi Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
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Zheng Y, Han Y, Sun Q, Li Z. Harnessing anti-tumor and tumor-tropism functions of macrophages via nanotechnology for tumor immunotherapy. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210166. [PMID: 37323705 PMCID: PMC10190945 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by modulating macrophages holds great promise in tumor immunotherapy. As a class of professional phagocytes and antigen-presenting cells in the innate immune system, macrophages can not only directly engulf and clear tumor cells, but also play roles in presenting tumor-specific antigen to initiate adaptive immunity. However, the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) usually display tumor-supportive M2 phenotype rather than anti-tumor M1 phenotype. They can support tumor cells to escape immunological surveillance, aggravate tumor progression, and impede tumor-specific T cell immunity. Although many TAMs-modulating agents have shown great success in therapy of multiple tumors, they face enormous challenges including poor tumor accumulation and off-target side effects. An alternative solution is the use of advanced nanostructures, which not only can deliver TAMs-modulating agents to augment therapeutic efficacy, but also can directly serve as modulators of TAMs. Another important strategy is the exploitation of macrophages and macrophage-derived components as tumor-targeting delivery vehicles. Herein, we summarize the recent advances in targeting and engineering macrophages for tumor immunotherapy, including (1) direct and indirect effects of macrophages on the augmentation of immunotherapy and (2) strategies for engineering macrophage-based drug carriers. The existing perspectives and challenges of macrophage-based tumor immunotherapies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zheng
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yaobao Han
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qiao Sun
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear MedicineState Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Glass EB, Hoover AA, Bullock KK, Madden MZ, Reinfeld BI, Harris W, Parker D, Hufnagel DH, Crispens MA, Khabele D, Rathmell WK, Rathmell JC, Wilson AJ, Giorgio TD, Yull FE. Stimulating TAM-mediated anti-tumor immunity with mannose-decorated nanoparticles in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:497. [PMID: 35513776 PMCID: PMC9074180 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current cancer immunotherapies have made tremendous impacts but generally lack high response rates, especially in ovarian cancer. New therapies are needed to provide increased benefits. One understudied approach is to target the large population of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Using inducible transgenic mice, we recently reported that upregulating nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling in TAMs promotes the M1, anti-tumor phenotype and limits ovarian cancer progression. We also developed a mannose-decorated polymeric nanoparticle system (MnNPs) to preferentially deliver siRNA payloads to M2, pro-tumor macrophages in vitro. In this study, we tested a translational strategy to repolarize ovarian TAMs via MnNPs loaded with siRNA targeting the inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) using mouse models of ovarian cancer. METHODS We evaluated treatment with MnNPs loaded with IκBα siRNA (IκBα-MnNPs) or scrambled siRNA in syngeneic ovarian cancer models. ID8 tumors in C57Bl/6 mice were used to evaluate consecutive-day treatment of late-stage disease while TBR5 tumors in FVB mice were used to evaluate repetitive treatments in a faster-developing disease model. MnNPs were evaluated for biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy in both models. RESULTS Stimulation of NF-κB activity and repolarization to an M1 phenotype via IκBα-MnNP treatment was confirmed using cultured luciferase-reporter macrophages. Delivery of MnNPs with fluorescent payloads (Cy5-MnNPs) to macrophages in the solid tumors and ascites was confirmed in both tumor models. A three consecutive-day treatment of IκBα-MnNPs in the ID8 model validated a shift towards M1 macrophage polarization in vivo. A clear therapeutic effect was observed with biweekly treatments over 2-3 weeks in the TBR5 model where significantly reduced tumor burden was accompanied by changes in immune cell composition, indicative of reduced immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. No evidence of toxicity associated with MnNP treatment was observed in either model. CONCLUSIONS In mouse models of ovarian cancer, MnNPs were preferentially associated with macrophages in ascites fluid and solid tumors. Evidence of macrophage repolarization, increased inflammatory cues, and reduced tumor burden in IκBα-MnNP-treated mice indicate beneficial outcomes in models of established disease. We have provided evidence of a targeted, TAM-directed approach to increase anti-tumor immunity in ovarian cancer with strong translational potential for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Glass
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa A Hoover
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kennady K Bullock
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Z Madden
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bradley I Reinfeld
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Whitney Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dominique Parker
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Marta A Crispens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dineo Khabele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Schweer D, McAtee A, Neupane K, Richards C, Ueland F, Kolesar J. Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2220. [PMID: 35565348 PMCID: PMC9101750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been implicated to play an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer. One of the most important components of the TME is tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Phenotypically, macrophages are broadly categorized as M1 pro-inflammatory or M2 anti-inflammatory, based on the cytokines and chemokines that they secrete. The tumor microenvironment is associated with macrophages of an M2 phenotype which suppress the surrounding immune environment, assist tumor cells in evading immune targeting, and support tumor growth and metastasis. Contrarily, M1 macrophages help mount an immune response against tumors, and are associated with a more favorable prognosis in solid tumors. One of the characteristic indicators of a poor prognosis in ovarian cancer is the overrepresentation of M2-type TAMs. As such, therapeutic modalities targeting TME and TAMs are of increasing interest. Pharmacological approaches to eliminate TAMs, include decreasing macrophage survival and recruitment and increasing phagocytosis, have been underwhelming. Clinical strategies targeting these macrophage subtypes via repolarization to an M1 antitumoral state deserve increasing attention, and may serve as a new modality for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schweer
- Markey Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.S.); (F.U.)
| | - Annabel McAtee
- School of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Khaga Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (K.N.); (C.R.)
| | - Christopher Richards
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (K.N.); (C.R.)
| | - Frederick Ueland
- Markey Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (D.S.); (F.U.)
| | - Jill Kolesar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40202, USA
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Li X, Pan J, Li Y, Xu F, Hou J, Yang G, Zhou S. Development of a Localized Drug Delivery System with a Step-by-Step Cell Internalization Capacity for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5778-5794. [PMID: 35324153 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c10892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
How to precisely reprogram tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and combine them with immunogenic cell death (ICD) is still a great challenge in enhancing the antitumor immunotherapeutic effect. Here, we developed a localized drug delivery system with a step-by-step cell internalization ability based on a hierarchical-structured fiber device. The chemotherapeutic agent-loaded nanomicelles are encapsulated in the internal chambers of the fiber, which could first be internalized by actively targeting tumor cells to induce ICD. Next, the rod-like microparticles can be gradually formed from long to short shape through hydrolysis of the fiber matrix in the tumor microenvironment and selectively phagocytosed by TAMs but not to tumor cells when the length becomes less than 3 μm. The toll-like receptors 7 (TLR7) agonist imiquimod could be released from these microparticles in the cytoplasm to reprogram M2-like TAMs. The in vivo results exhibit that this localized system can synergistically induce an antitumor immune response and achieve an excellent antitumor efficiency. Therefore, this system will provide a promising treatment platform for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China
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20
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Leveraging macrophages for cancer theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114136. [PMID: 35143894 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As fundamental immune cells in innate and adaptive immunity, macrophages engage in a double-edged relationship with cancer. Dissecting the character of macrophages in cancer development facilitates the emergence of macrophages-based new strategies that encompass macrophages as theranostic targets/tools of interest for treating cancer. Herein, we provide a concise overview of the mixed roles of macrophages in cancer pathogenesis and invasion as a foundation for the review discussions. We survey the latest progress on macrophage-based cancer theranostic strategies, emphasizing two major strategies, including targeting the endogenous tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and engineering the adoptive macrophages to reverse the immunosuppressive environment and augment the cancer theranostic efficacy. We also discuss and provide insights on the major challenges along with exciting opportunities for the future of macrophage-based cancer theranostic approaches.
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21
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Current Nano-Strategies to Target Tumor Microenvironment to Improve Anti-Tumor efficiency. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Jian H, Wang X, Song P, Wu X, Zheng R, Wang Y, Zhang H. Tumor microcalcification-mediated relay drug delivery for photodynamic immunotherapy of breast cancer. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:518-529. [PMID: 34923096 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal targeting of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells is emerging as a promising strategy for tumor therapy. Tumor microcalcifications that specifically bind to bisphosphonates are potentially used to design efficient relay drug delivery nanosystems to achieve spatiotemporal drug modulation. Here, we developed manganese dioxide (MnO2)-embedded and LyP-1 peptide-labeled liposomal nanoparticles (NPs) for photodynamic immunotherapy of breast cancer; zoledronic acid (Zol) was encapsulated in the hydrophilic cavity of liposomes, and a hydrophobic photosensitizer (IR780) was embedded in the phospholipid bilayer of liposomes. These Lipo Zol/IR NPs generated O2 bubbles through MnO2 in response to H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment, leading to the degradation of the liposomal membrane, which triggered the release of Zol and provided O2 for photodynamic therapy. The released Zol attached to microcalcifications and was selectively phagocytosed by TAMs, leading to the induction of death or repolarization of TAMs from the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype to the immunostimulatory M1 phenotype. The remaining liposomal fragments embedded with IR780 then preferentially targeted tumor cells through LyP-1 peptide and produced abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) under near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, resulting in the death of tumor cells and mild immune activation. All in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the effective photodynamic and immunoregulatory performance of Lipo Zol/IR NPs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Spatiotemporal targeting of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor cells remains a challenge in tumor photodynamic immunotherapy for promoting synergy and reducing side effects. Here, we developed tumor microcalcification-mediated relay drug delivery nanoliposomes for breast cancer therapy. H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) triggers the breakage of nanoliposomes, thereby causing the separation of zoledronic acid (Zol) and the photosensitizer IR780 and allowing them to perform their respective functions. Microcalcifications enable Zol to target TAMs, resulting in immunomodulation. LyP-1 guides IR780 to target tumor cells for PDT with adequate O2 supply. These nanoliposomes enable precise spatiotemporal targeting of different types of cells in the TME and promote the synergy between immunotherapy and PDT while ensuring the effectiveness of both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jian
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Xingbo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - PanPan Song
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaqing Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Runxiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yanjing Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Haiyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, Jilin, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
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23
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Jiang Y, Lin W, Zhu L. Targeted Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Blood Cancers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041310. [PMID: 35209102 PMCID: PMC8880555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Blood cancers are a type of liquid tumor which means cancer is present in the body fluid. Multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma are the three common types of blood cancers. Chemotherapy is the major therapy of blood cancers by systemic administration of anticancer agents into the blood. However, a high incidence of relapse often happens, due to the low efficiency of the anticancer agents that accumulate in the tumor site, and therefore lead to a low survival rate of patients. This indicates an urgent need for a targeted drug delivery system to improve the safety and efficacy of therapeutics for blood cancers. In this review, we describe the current targeting strategies for blood cancers and recently investigated and approved drug delivery system formulations for blood cancers. In addition, we also discuss current challenges in the application of drug delivery systems for treating blood cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK;
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Weifeng Lin
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Sciences, Rehovot 761001, Israel;
| | - Linyi Zhu
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
- Correspondence:
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Codolo G, Facchinello N, Papa N, Bertocco A, Coletta S, Benna C, Dall’Olmo L, Mocellin S, Tiso N, de Bernard M. Macrophage-Mediated Melanoma Reduction after HP-NAP Treatment in a Zebrafish Xenograft Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031644. [PMID: 35163566 PMCID: PMC8836027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein (HP-NAP) is endowed with immunomodulatory properties that make it a potential candidate for anticancer therapeutic applications. By activating cytotoxic Th1 responses, HP-NAP inhibits the growth of bladder cancer and enhances the anti-tumor activity of oncolytic viruses in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and neuroendocrine tumors. The possibility that HP-NAP exerts its anti-tumor effect also by modulating the activity of innate immune cells has not yet been explored. Taking advantage of the zebrafish model, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of HP-NAP against metastatic human melanoma, limiting the observational window to 9 days post-fertilization, well before the maturation of the adaptive immunity. Human melanoma cells were xenotransplanted into zebrafish embryos and tracked in the presence or absence of HP-NAP. The behavior and phenotype of macrophages and the impact of their drug-induced depletion were analyzed exploiting macrophage-expressed transgenes. HP-NAP administration efficiently inhibited tumor growth and metastasis and this was accompanied by strong recruitment of macrophages with a pro-inflammatory profile at the tumor site. The depletion of macrophages almost completely abrogated the ability of HP-NAP to counteract tumor growth. Our findings highlight the pivotal role of activated macrophages in counteracting melanoma growth and support the notion that HP-NAP might become a new biological therapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Nicola Facchinello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Nicole Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Ambra Bertocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Clara Benna
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luigi Dall’Olmo
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Simone Mocellin
- Soft-Tissue, Peritoneum and Melanoma Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.D.); (S.M.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (M.d.B.)
| | - Marina de Bernard
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (N.P.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (M.d.B.)
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25
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Hourani T, Holden JA, Li W, Lenzo JC, Hadjigol S, O’Brien-Simpson NM. Tumor Associated Macrophages: Origin, Recruitment, Phenotypic Diversity, and Targeting. Front Oncol 2021; 11:788365. [PMID: 34988021 PMCID: PMC8722774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.788365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is known to have a strong influence on tumorigenesis, with various components being involved in tumor suppression and tumor growth. A protumorigenic TME is characterized by an increased infiltration of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), where their presence is strongly associated with tumor progression, therapy resistance, and poor survival rates. This association between the increased TAMs and poor therapeutic outcomes are stemming an increasing interest in investigating TAMs as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Prominent mechanisms in targeting TAMs include: blocking recruitment, stimulating repolarization, and depletion methods. For enhancing targeting specificity multiple nanomaterials are currently being explored for the precise delivery of chemotherapeutic cargo, including the conjugation with TAM-targeting peptides. In this paper, we provide a focused literature review of macrophage biology in relation to their role in tumorigenesis. First, we discuss the origin, recruitment mechanisms, and phenotypic diversity of TAMs based on recent investigations in the literature. Then the paper provides a detailed review on the current methods of targeting TAMs, including the use of nanomaterials as novel cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Antimicrobial, Cancer Therapeutics and Vaccines (ACTV) Research Group, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, Royal Dental Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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26
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Tang Y, Tang Z, Li P, Tang K, Ma Z, Wang Y, Wang X, Li C. Precise Delivery of Nanomedicines to M2 Macrophages by Combining "Eat Me/Don't Eat Me" Signals and Its Anticancer Application. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18100-18112. [PMID: 34751571 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of nanomedicines to M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been proposed to reduce tumor promotion and enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapy. However, upregulated receptors on M2 TAMs are also expressed on M1 TAMs and other macrophages in normal tissues. Therefore, improving targeting specificity remains a key challenge. Here, we developed a precise M2 TAM-targeted delivery system using "eat-me" and "don't-eat-me" signals. A CD47-derived self-peptide ligand (don't-eat-me signal) and galactose ligand (eat-me signal) were introduced on liposomes. Cleavable phospholipid-polyethylene glycol was covered on the surface and could combine with the self-peptide to inhibit macrophage recognition even after immunoglobulin M adsorption and protect galactose from hepatic clearance to prolong the circulation time and promote the accumulation of liposomes in tumors. This detachable polymer can be removed by the redox microenvironment upon transcytosis through the tumor endothelium and re-expose the self-peptide and galactose. The self-peptide highly reduced M1 macrophage phagocytosis, and the galactose ligand enhanced the interaction between the liposomes and M2 macrophages. Thus, the modified liposomes enabled specific recognition of M1/M2 TAMs. In vitro evidence revealed reduced endocytosis of the liposomes by M1 macrophages. Moreover, in vivo studies demonstrated that doxorubicin-loaded liposomes efficiently eliminated M2 TAMs but did not affect M1 TAMs, enhancing the potency of the antitumor therapy. Collectively, our results demonstrate the potential of combining active escape and active targeting for precisely delivering a drug of interest to M2 macrophages and suggest its application in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Tang
- Institute of MateriaMedica, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, People's Republic of China
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Tang
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingrong Li
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaicheng Tang
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Ma
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Yantong Wang
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyou Wang
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Li
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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27
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Zhao C, Pang X, Yang Z, Wang S, Deng H, Chen X. Nanomaterials targeting tumor associated macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2021; 341:272-284. [PMID: 34813877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in regulating tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, and constitute approximately 50% of tumor mass. TAMs can exist in two different subtypes, M1-polarized phenotype (pro-inflammatory and immunostimulatory) and M2-polarized phenotype (immunosuppressive myeloid cells). M2 macrophages can suppress CD8+ T cells to support tumor survival. A number of biological strategies aimed at engineering macrophages to modulate the tumor immune microenvironment remain at the forefront of cancer research. Here, we review the different therapeutic strategies that have been developed based on nanotechnology to modulate macrophage functions, such as inhibition of macrophage recruitment to tumor, depletion of M2-polarized macrophages, reprograming of M2-polarized macrophages to M1-polarized macrophages, and blocking of the CD47-signal-regulatory protein alpha (CD47-SIRPα) pathway. Furthermore, we also discuss how to image TAMs with nanoparticles to unravel novel treatment options and observe their responses to the various therapies. Overall, macrophage-mediated immune modulation based on nanotechnology can be further investigated to be effectively developed as an immunoadjuvant therapy against different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China; School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University and Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zuo Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University and Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongzhang Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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28
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Battaglia L, Scomparin A, Dianzani C, Milla P, Muntoni E, Arpicco S, Cavalli R. Nanotechnology Addressing Cutaneous Melanoma: The Italian Landscape. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1617. [PMID: 34683910 PMCID: PMC8540596 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive solid tumors, with a low survival for the metastatic stage. Currently, clinical melanoma treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Of note, innovative therapeutic regimens concern the administration of multitarget drugs in tandem, in order to improve therapeutic efficacy. However, also, if this drug combination is clinically relevant, the patient's response is not yet optimal. In this scenario, nanotechnology-based delivery systems can play a crucial role in the clinical treatment of advanced melanoma. In fact, their nano-features enable targeted drug delivery at a cellular level by overcoming biological barriers. Various nanomedicines have been proposed for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, and a relevant number of them are undergoing clinical trials. In Italy, researchers are focusing on the pharmaceutical development of nanoformulations for malignant melanoma therapy. The present review reports an overview of the main melanoma-addressed nanomedicines currently under study in Italy, alongside the state of the art of melanoma therapy. Moreover, the latest Italian advances concerning the pre-clinical evaluation of nanomedicines for melanoma are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Battaglia
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Anna Scomparin
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
- . Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Paola Milla
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- . Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.); (C.D.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (S.A.)
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29
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Liu L, Shi W, Xiao X, Wu X, Hu H, Yuan S, Liu K, Liu Z. BCG immunotherapy inhibits cancer progression by promoting the M1 macrophage differentiation of THP‑1 cells via the Rb/E2F1 pathway in cervical carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:245. [PMID: 34581419 PMCID: PMC8493057 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy increases macrophage polarization toward M1-type macrophages. In the present study, to identify the M1/M2 marker genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of cervical cancer, the microarray datasets GSE9750 and GSE7803 were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Xena browser. Survival analysis revealed that M1 markers (IL-12) were involved in anti-tumour progression, and M2 markers (IL-10) were involved in the carcinogenesis and invasion of cervical cancer. The expression of M1 markers (IL-12, inducible nitric oxide synthase and CD80) and M2 markers (IL-10 and arginase) was examined to determine whether BCG affects the polarization of macrophages and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that BCG promoted macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype and enhanced the transition of M2 to M1 macrophages. The results also revealed that polarized M1 macrophages induced by BCG decreased the protein expression of phosphorylated (p-)retinoblastoma (Rb)/E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of HeLa cells. On the whole, these results demonstrated that BCG promoted the anti-tumour progression of M1 macrophages and inhibited the pro-tumour activation of M2 macrophages via the Rb/E2F1 signalling pathway in HeLa cells. This suggests the possibility of a direct translation of this combination strategy to clinical practice for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Shixin Yuan
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
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Moeini P, Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Combination of Therapies, the Approach to Improve Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137239. [PMID: 34281293 PMCID: PMC8269174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the most important cells of the innate immune system and are known for their ability to engulf and digest foreign substances, including cellular debris and tumor cells. They can convert into tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) when mature macrophages are recruited into the tumor microenvironment. Their role in cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy failure is of special note. The aim of this review is to understand how the presence of TAMs are both advantageous and disadvantageous in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Moeini
- Plant Virology Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran;
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Larionova I, Kazakova E, Gerashchenko T, Kzhyshkowska J. New Angiogenic Regulators Produced by TAMs: Perspective for Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133253. [PMID: 34209679 PMCID: PMC8268686 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the targeting of a single pro-angiogenic factor fails to improve oncological disease outcome, significant efforts have been made to identify new pro-angiogenic factors that could compensate for the deficiency of current therapy or act independently as single drugs. Our review aims to present the state-of-the art for well-known and recently described factors produced by macrophages that induce and regulate angiogenesis. A number of positive and negative regulators of angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment are produced by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Accumulating evidence has indicated that, apart from the well-known angiogenic factors, there are plenty of novel angiogenesis-regulating proteins that belong to different classes. We summarize the data regarding the direct or indirect mechanisms of the interaction of these factors with endothelial cells during angiogenesis. We highlight the recent findings that explain the limitations in the efficiency of current anti-angiogenic therapy approaches. Abstract Angiogenesis is crucial to the supply of a growing tumor with nutrition and oxygen. Inhibition of angiogenesis is one of the main treatment strategies for colorectal, lung, breast, renal, and other solid cancers. However, currently applied drugs that target VEGF or receptor tyrosine kinases have limited efficiency, which raises a question concerning the mechanism of patient resistance to the already developed drugs. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were identified in the animal tumor models as a key inducer of the angiogenic switch. TAMs represent a potent source not only for VEGF, but also for a number of other pro-angiogenic factors. Our review provides information about the activity of secreted regulators of angiogenesis produced by TAMs. They include members of SEMA and S100A families, chitinase-like proteins, osteopontin, and SPARC. The COX-2, Tie2, and other factors that control the pro-angiogenic activity of TAMs are also discussed. We highlight how these recent findings explain the limitations in the efficiency of current anti-angiogenic therapy. Additionally, we describe genetic and posttranscriptional mechanisms that control the expression of factors regulating angiogenesis. Finally, we present prospects for the complex targeting of the pro-angiogenic activity of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Larionova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Elena Kazakova
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Gerashchenko
- Laboratory of Cancer Progression Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634009 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg—Hessen, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (I.L.); (J.K.)
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Di Martile M, Farini V, Consonni FM, Trisciuoglio D, Desideri M, Valentini E, D'Aguanno S, Tupone MG, Buglioni S, Ercolani C, Gallo E, Amadio B, Terrenato I, Foddai ML, Sica A, Del Bufalo D. Melanoma-specific bcl-2 promotes a protumoral M2-like phenotype by tumor-associated macrophages. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000489. [PMID: 32269145 PMCID: PMC7254128 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A bidirectional crosstalk between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment contributes to tumor progression and response to therapy. Our previous studies have demonstrated that bcl-2 affects melanoma progression and regulates the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether bcl-2 expression in melanoma cells could influence tumor-promoting functions of tumor-associated macrophages, a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment that affects anticancer immunity favoring tumor progression. Methods THP-1 monocytic cells, monocyte-derived macrophages and melanoma cells expressing different levels of bcl-2 protein were used. ELISA, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate macrophage polarization markers and protein expression levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to evaluate transcription factor recruitment at specific promoters. Boyden chamber was used for migration experiments. Cytofluorimetric and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out to evaluate infiltrating macrophages and T cells in melanoma specimens from patients or mice. Results Higher production of tumor-promoting and chemotactic factors, and M2-polarized activation was observed when macrophages were exposed to culture media from melanoma cells overexpressing bcl-2, while bcl-2 silencing in melanoma cells inhibited the M2 macrophage polarization. In agreement, the number of melanoma-infiltrating macrophages in vivo was increased, in parallel with a greater expression of bcl-2 in tumor cells. Tumor-derived interleukin-1β has been identified as the effector cytokine of bcl-2-dependent macrophage reprogramming, according to reduced tumor growth, decreased number of M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages and increased number of infiltrating CD4+IFNγ+ and CD8+IFNγ+ effector T lymphocytes, which we observed in response to in vivo treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist kineret. Finally, in tumor specimens from patients with melanoma, high bcl-2 expression correlated with increased infiltration of M2-polarized CD163+ macrophages, hence supporting the clinical relevance of the crosstalk between tumor cells and microenvironment. Conclusions Taken together, our results show that melanoma-specific bcl-2 controls an IL-1β-driven axis of macrophage diversion that establishes tumor microenvironmental conditions favoring melanoma development. Interfering with this pathway might provide novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Farini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Desideri
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Valentini
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tupone
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Ercolani
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Gallo
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Amadio
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Terrenato
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatic Unit-Scientific Direction, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Foddai
- Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Sica
- Molecular Immunology Lab, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Novara, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Lin Y, Villacanas MG, Zou H, Liu H, Carcedo IG, Wu Y, Sun B, Wu X, Prasadam I, Monteiro MJ, Li L, Xu ZP, Gu W. Calcium-bisphosphonate Nanoparticle Platform as a Prolonged Nanodrug and Bone-Targeted Delivery System for Bone Diseases and Cancers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:2490-2501. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Lin
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Maria G. Villacanas
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hong Zou
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Pathology/Key Laboratories for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, China
| | - Hangrui Liu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ines G. Carcedo
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yilun Wu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bing Sun
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaoxin Wu
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Mirzavi F, Barati M, Soleimani A, Vakili-Ghartavol R, Jaafari MR, Soukhtanloo M. A review on liposome-based therapeutic approaches against malignant melanoma. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120413. [PMID: 33667562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer with a very poor prognosis and excessive resistance to current conventional treatments. Recently, the application of the liposomal delivery system in the management of skin melanoma has been widely investigated. Liposomal nanocarriers are biocompatible and less toxic to host cells, enabling the efficient and safe delivery of different therapeutic agents into the tumor site and further promoting their antitumor activities. Therefore, the liposomal delivery system effectively increases the success of current melanoma therapies and overcomes resistance. In this review, we present an overview of liposome-based targeted drug delivery methods and highlight recent advances towards the development of liposome-based carriers for therapeutic genes. We also discuss the new insights regarding the efficacy and clinical significance of combinatorial treatment of liposomal formulations with immunotherapy and conventional therapies in melanoma patients for a better understanding and successfully managing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Mirzavi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Barati
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anvar Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Vakili-Ghartavol
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Tian WJ, Wang QN, Wang XF, Dong DF. Clophosome alleviate dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis by regulating gut immune responses and maintaining intestinal integrity in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:902-910. [PMID: 33527445 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic progressive disorder characterized by complicated gastrointestinal inflammation. Research on therapeutic agents is still urgent due to the lack of satisfactory treatments. Gut macrophages are considered to be predominant in excessive inflammatory responses. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether depletion of macrophages would have a beneficial effect on IBD and could be a potential therapeutic strategy. In this study, we established a 12-day Dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and determined the effect of the macrophage depletion agent Clophosome (neutral clodronate liposomes; CNC). The results showed that CNC significantly alleviated the symptoms of colitis, as demonstrated by greater weight gain, decreased disease activity index (DAI) scores, and lower histopathological damage scores, as well was reduced levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. To investigate T cell subsets, cells were isolated from the lamina propria and cultured to analyse the expression of IL-17A, interferon (IFN)-γ and Foxp3 in CD4+ cells by flow cytometry. The data showed that during the process of colitis, the frequencies of CD4+ IL-17A+ T cells were significantly increased. Notably, CNC treatment markedly reduced the population of CD4+ IL-17A+ T cells, especially CD4+ IL-17A+ IFN-γ+ T cells. Furthermore, intestinal barrier integrity, as assessed by immunostaining of mucin and tight junction proteins, was severely disrupted in colitis. CNC improved the intestinal barrier by enhancing the expression of muc-2 and occludin. In summary, our findings demonstrated that CNC successfully ameliorated DSS-induced colitis and that its effect may be associated with inhibiting inflammatory responses and maintaining intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Tian
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Nan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wang
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan-Feng Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li C, Xu X, Wei S, Jiang P, Xue L, Wang J. Tumor-associated macrophages: potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects in cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001341. [PMID: 33504575 PMCID: PMC8728363 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most important phagocytes in vivo. However, the tumor microenvironment can affect the function and polarization of macrophages and form tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Usually, the abundance of TAMs in tumors is closely associated with poor prognosis. Preclinical studies have identified important pathways regulating the infiltration and polarization of TAMs during tumor progression. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs in tumors have been studied, including inhibition of macrophage recruitment to tumors, functional repolarization of TAMs toward an antitumor phenotype, and other therapeutic strategies that elicit macrophage-mediated extracellular phagocytosis and intracellular destruction of cancer cells. Therefore, with the increasing impact of tumor immunotherapy, new antitumor strategies to target TAMs are now being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Macrophages in multiple myeloma: key roles and therapeutic strategies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:273-284. [PMID: 33404860 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a vital component of the tumour microenvironment and crucial mediators of tumour progression. In the last decade, significant strides have been made in understanding the crucial functional roles played by macrophages in the development of the plasma cell (PC) malignancy, multiple myeloma (MM). Whilst the interaction between MM PC and stromal cells within the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment has been extensively studied, we are only just starting to appreciate the multifaceted roles played by macrophages in disease progression. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that macrophage infiltration is associated with poor overall survival in MM. Indeed, macrophages influence numerous pathways critical for the initiation and progression of MM, including homing of malignant cells to BM, tumour cell growth and survival, drug resistance, angiogenesis and immune suppression. As such, therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting macrophages within the BM niche have promise in the clinical setting. This review will discuss the functions elicited by macrophages throughout different stages of MM and provide a comprehensive evaluation of potential macrophage-targeted therapies.
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Chen Y, Jin H, Song Y, Huang T, Cao J, Tang Q, Zou Z. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages: A potential treatment for solid tumors. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3445-3465. [PMID: 33200401 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in solid tumors exert protumor activities by releasing cytokines or growth factors into the tumor microenvironment. Increasing studies have also shown that TAMs play a key role in tumor progression, such as tumor angiogenesis, immunosuppression, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. A large body of evidence shows that the abundance of TAMs in solid tumors is correlated with poor disease prognosis and resistance to therapies. Therefore, targeting TAMs in solid tumors is considered to be a promising immunotherapeutic strategy. At present, the therapeutic strategies of targeting macrophages mainly include limiting monocyte recruitment, depletion strategies, promoting macrophage phagocytic activity, and induction of macrophage reprogramming. Additionally, targeting TAMs in combination with conventional therapies has been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic strategy in solid tumors. In the present review, we summarized various TAMs-targeting therapeutic strategies for treating solid tumors. This review also discusses the challenges for targeting TAMs as tumor treatments, the obstacles in clinical trials, and the perspective for the future development of TAMs-targeting therapies for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Chen
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucen Song
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Peng H, Wang JH, Guo F, Zhu FF, Wen ZJ, Zhong HJ, Liang DS. Legumain protease-activated tuftsin-functionalized nanoparticles for dual-targeting TAMs and cancer chemotherapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111442. [PMID: 33166937 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in cancer progression and therapy resistance. Inhibition of TAMs is of great significance to reshape the protumor environment to benefit therapeutic outcomes. In this work, we developed a novel TAMs and tumor cells dual-targeting nanoparticle (ATpep-NPs) system for cancer chemotherapy by integrating a docetaxel (DTX)-loaded nanocarrier and a multi-function peptide ATpep, which is composed of a phagocytosis-stimulating peptide-tuftsin (Tpep) fused with a substrate peptide-alanine-alanine-asparagine (AAN) of endoprotease legumain. In vitro protelytic and cellular uptake assays confirmed ATpep-NPs can be responsively activated into Tpep-NPs by cleavage of legumain that is overexpressed in both tumor cells and TAMs, which then promoted tumor cells internalization and TAMs phagocytosis through neuropilin-1/Fc receptor pathways. Due to AAN deactivation effect, ATpep-NPs can effectively decrease the Tpep-induced non-specific uptake by M1-polarized and normal macrophage during systemic circulation. Our results of in vivo experiments demonstrated ATpep-NPs outperformed Tpep-NPs in tumor and TAMs dual-targeting delivery efficiency with markedly enhanced efficacy against both tumor growth inhibition and TAMs depletion. Overall, this study offers a novel approach for development of multitargeted delivery vehicle for improved cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Feng Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Fang-Fang Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Zu-Jun Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - De-Sheng Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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Castañeda-Reyes ED, Perea-Flores MDJ, Davila-Ortiz G, Lee Y, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Development, Characterization and Use of Liposomes as Amphipathic Transporters of Bioactive Compounds for Melanoma Treatment and Reduction of Skin Inflammation: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7627-7650. [PMID: 33116492 PMCID: PMC7549499 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s263516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the human body, providing a barrier to the external environment. It is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The most external epidermis is exposed to stress factors that may lead to skin conditions such as photo-aging and skin cancer. Some treatments for skin disease utilize the incorporation of drugs or bioactive compounds into nanocarriers known as liposomes. Liposomes are membranes whose sizes range from nano to micrometers and are composed mostly of phospholipids and cholesterol, forming similar structures to cell membranes. Thus, skin treatments with liposomes have lower toxicity in comparison to traditional treatment routes such as parenteral and oral. Furthermore, addition of edge activators to the liposomes decreases the rigidity of the bilayer structure making it deformable, thereby improving skin permeability. Liposomes are composed of an aqueous core and a lipidic bilayer, which confers their amphiphilic property. Thus, they can carry hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds, even simultaneously. Current applications of these nanocarriers are mainly in the cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries. Nevertheless, new research has revealed promising results regarding the effectiveness of liposomes for transporting bioactive compounds through the skin. Liposomes have been well studied; however, additional research is needed on the efficacy of liposomes loaded with bioactive peptides for skin delivery. The objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date description of existing techniques for the development of liposomes and their use as transporters of bioactive compounds in skin conditions such as melanoma and skin inflammation. Furthermore, to gain an understanding of the behavior of liposomes during the process of skin delivery of bioactive compounds into skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Damian Castañeda-Reyes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Ciudad De México, 07738, México.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Maria de Jesús Perea-Flores
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad De México 07738, México
| | - Gloria Davila-Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Profesional Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Ciudad De México, 07738, México
| | - Youngsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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Xia Y, Rao L, Yao H, Wang Z, Ning P, Chen X. Engineering Macrophages for Cancer Immunotherapy and Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002054. [PMID: 32856350 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in cancer development and metastasis. Proinflammatory M1 macrophages can phagocytose tumor cells, while anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor growth and invasion. Modulating the tumor immune microenvironment through engineering macrophages is efficacious in tumor therapy. M1 macrophages target cancerous cells and, therefore, can be used as drug carriers for tumor therapy. Herein, the strategies to engineer macrophages for cancer immunotherapy, such as inhibition of macrophage recruitment, depletion of TAMs, reprograming of TAMs, and blocking of the CD47-SIRPα pathway, are discussed. Further, the recent advances in drug delivery using M1 macrophages, macrophage-derived exosomes, and macrophage-membrane-coated nanoparticles are elaborated. Overall, there is still significant room for development in macrophage-mediated immune modulation and macrophage-mediated drug delivery, which will further enhance current tumor therapies against various malignant solid tumors, including drug-resistant tumors and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Huimin Yao
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Zhongliang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Pengbo Ning
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular & Neuroimaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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42
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Shu Y, Cheng P. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages for cancer immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188434. [PMID: 32956767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are important effector cells of the innate immune system and are also major components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Macrophages that are abundant in the TME are called tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). As TAMs promote strong tumor angiogenesis and support tumor cell survival, they are closely related to tumor growth. Several studies have demonstrated that reducing the density or effects of TAMs can inhibit the growth of tumors, making them targets for cancer immunotherapy, which has become a research hot spot. Several clinical and preclinical trials have studied drugs that inhibit the effects of and reduce the population of phagocytes that target TAMs achieve cancer immunotherapy. In this paper, we summarize the various methods of targeting TAMs for tumor immunotherapy, focusing on TAM mechanisms, sources, and polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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43
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Baek SH, Lee HW, Gangadaran P, Oh JM, Zhu L, Rajendran RL, Lee J, Ahn BC. Role of M2-like macrophages in the progression of ovarian cancer. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112211. [PMID: 32755554 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we noninvasively assessed whether M2-like macrophages accelerate the progression of ovarian cancer by performing molecular imaging of ovarian cancer cells expressing enhanced firefly luciferase (Effluc) in living mice. First, murine ovarian cancer ID8 cells expressing Effluc (ID8/Effluc cells) were established by retroviral infection. Subsequently, macrophages were isolated from the peritoneal exudate of mice injected with thioglycollate medium and differentiated into M2-like macrophages by adding interleukin 4. To characterize these M2-like macrophages, F4/80 and cluster of differentiation 206 expression levels were determined. Then, the M2-like macrophages were co-cultured with the ID8/Effluc cells and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of signals from the ID8/Effluc cells was completed. Additionally, migration and wound healing were assessed to evaluate the effects of conditioned medium (CM) from M2-like macrophages on ID8/Effluc cell motility. In the in vivo study, mice were first given either liposome-phosphate-buffered saline or liposome-clodronate (lipo-clodronate). After 24 h, ID8/Effluc cells were intraperitoneally injected into the mice and BLI was completed at the designed time points. Next, histological analysis was conducted to characterize the infiltrated tumor. Flow cytometric analysis revealed high levels of CD206 expression in the differentiated M2-like macrophages. Meanwhile, ID8/Effluc cells co-cultured with these M2-like macrophages proliferated rapidly in an M2-like macrophage, number-dependent manner. The migration of the ID8/Effluc cells was also increased by the application of CM from M2-like macrophages. In vivo BLI revealed that the growth rate of intraperitoneally injected ovarian cancer cells was inhibited following macrophage depletion by treatment with lipo-clodronate. M2-like macrophages accelerated the progression of ovarian cancer, suggesting they are a new therapeutic target for ovarian cancer and that ovarian cancer could be managed by altering the nature of communication between ovarian cancer and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hwan Baek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Liya Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Puthenveetil A, Dubey S. Metabolic reprograming of tumor-associated macrophages. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1030. [PMID: 32953830 PMCID: PMC7475460 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A large body of scientific evidence corroborated by clinical and animal model experiments indicates that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in tumor development and progression. TAMs are a key immune cell type present in tumor microenvironment (TME) and associated with poor prognosis, drug resistance, enhanced angiogenesis and metastasis in cancer. TAMs are a phenotypically diverse population of myeloid cells which display tremendous plasticity and dynamic metabolic nature. A complete interpretation of pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral metabolic switch in TAMs is essential to understand immune evasion mechanisms in cancer. Recent studies have also implicated epigenetic mechanisms as significantly regulators of TAM functions. In this review we provide an overview of metabolic circuitry in TAMs, its impact on immune effector cells and interventions aimed at rewiring the metabolic circuits in TAMs. Mechanisms responsible for TAM polarization in cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Puthenveetil
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Shweta Dubey
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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45
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Ho GT, Cartwright JA, Thompson EJ, Bain CC, Rossi AG. Resolution of Inflammation and Gut Repair in IBD: Translational Steps Towards Complete Mucosal Healing. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1131-1143. [PMID: 32232386 PMCID: PMC7365805 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant recent therapeutic advances, complete mucosal healing remains a difficult treatment target for many patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) to achieve. Our review focuses on the translational concept of promoting resolution of inflammation and repair as a necessary adjunctive step to reach this goal. We explore the roles of inflammatory cell apoptosis and efferocytosis to promote resolution, the new knowledge of gut monocyte-macrophage populations and their secreted prorepair mediators, and the processes of gut epithelial repair and regeneration to bridge this gap. We discuss the need and rationale for this vision and the tangible steps toward integrating proresolution therapies in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwo-tzer Ho
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to: Gwo-tzer Ho, FRCP, PhD, Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, Scotland, United Kingdom ()
| | - Jennifer A Cartwright
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J Thompson
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Calum C Bain
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Edinburgh IBD Science Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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46
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Liu W, Dai E, Liu Z, Ma C, Guo ZS, Bartlett DL. In Situ Therapeutic Cancer Vaccination with an Oncolytic Virus Expressing Membrane-Tethered IL-2. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 17:350-360. [PMID: 32405533 PMCID: PMC7210382 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful in situ therapeutic vaccination would allow locally delivered oncolytic virus (OV) to exert systemic immunologic effects on metastases and improve survival. We have utilized bilateral flank tumor models to determine the most efficacious regimens of in situ vaccination. Intratumoral injection with membrane-tethered interleukin -2-armed OV (vvDD-mIL2) plus a Toll-like receptor 9 ligand (CpG) yielded systemic immunization and decreased tumor growth in a contralateral, noninjected tumor. Our main aims were to study the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) after vaccination and identify additional immune adjuvants that may improve the systemic tumor-specific immunity. Immunological profiles in the spleen showed an increased CD8+ T cell/regulatory T cell (Treg) ratio and increased CD11c+ cells after dual injection in one flank tumor. Concurrently, there was increased infiltration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)+CD8+ T cells and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)+CD4+ T cells and reduced CTLA-4+PD-1+CD8+ T cells in the contralateral, noninjected tumor. The anti-tumoral activity depended on CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ, but not CD4+ T cells. Based on the negative immune components still existing in the untreated tumors, we investigated additional adjuvants: clodronate liposome-mediated depletion of macrophages plus anti-PD-1 therapy. This regimen dramatically reduced the tumor burden in the noninjected tumor and increased median survival by 87%, suggesting that inhibition/elimination of suppressive components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can improve therapeutic outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of immune profiling to design rational, combined immunotherapy regimens ultimately to impact patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Liu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enyong Dai
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Congrong Ma
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David L. Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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47
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Kurmi BD, Patel P, Paliwal R, Paliwal SR. Molecular approaches for targeted drug delivery towards cancer: A concise review with respect to nanotechnology. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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Sylvestre M, Crane CA, Pun SH. Progress on Modulating Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Biomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902007. [PMID: 31559665 PMCID: PMC7098849 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a complex and heterogeneous population of cells within the tumor microenvironment. In many tumor types, TAMs contribute toward tumor malignancy and are therefore a therapeutic target of interest. Here, three major strategies for regulating TAMs are highlighted, emphasizing the role of biomaterials in these approaches. First, systemic methods for targeting tumor-associated macrophage are summarized and limitations to both passive and active targeting approaches considered. Second, lessons learned from the significant literature on wound healing and macrophage response to implanted biomaterials are discussed with the vision of applying these principles to localized, biomaterial-based modulation of tumor-associated macrophage. Finally, the developing field of engineered macrophages, including genetic engineering and integration with biomaterials or drug delivery systems, is examined. Analysis of major challenges in the field along with exciting opportunities for the future of macrophage-based therapies in oncology are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilyn Sylvestre
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Courtney A Crane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Ben Towne Center for Childhood Research, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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49
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Bulle A, Dekervel J, Deschuttere L, Nittner D, Libbrecht L, Janky R, Plaisance S, Topal B, Coosemans A, Lambrechts D, Van Cutsem E, Verslype C, van Pelt J. Gemcitabine Recruits M2-Type Tumor-Associated Macrophages into the Stroma of Pancreatic Cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100743. [PMID: 32145636 PMCID: PMC7058407 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a very lethal disease that can develop therapy resistance over time. The dense stroma in PDAC plays a critical role in tumor progression and resistance. How this stroma interacts with the tumor cells and how this is influenced by chemotherapy remain poorly understood. METHODS: The backbone of this study is the parallel transcriptome analysis of human tumor and mouse stroma in two molecular and clinical representative patient-derived tumor xenografts models. Mice (8 animals per group) were treated for 4 weeks with gemcitabine or control. We studied tumor growth, RNA expression in the stroma, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with immunofluorescence, and cytokines in the serum. RESULTS: A method for parallel transcriptome analysis was optimized. We found that the tumor (differentiation, gene expression) determines the infiltration of macrophages into the stroma. In aggressive PDAC (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition high), we find more M2 polarized TAMs and the activation of cytokines and growth factors (TNFα, TGFβ1, and IL6). There are increased stromal glycolysis, reduced fatty acid oxidation, and reduced mitochondrial oxidation (tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation). Treatment with gemcitabine results in a shift of innate immune cells, especially additional infiltration of protumoral M2 TAMs (P < .001) and metabolic reprogramming. CONCLUSIONS: Gemcitabine treatment of PDAC xenografts stimulates a protumoral macrophage phenotype, and this, in combination with a shift of the tumor cells to a mesenchymal phenotype that we reported previously, contributes to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Targeting M2-polarized TAMs may benefit PDAC patients at risk to become refractory to current anticancer regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Bulle
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Dekervel
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Deschuttere
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Nittner
- Histopathology Expertise Center, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, and Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louis Libbrecht
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Saint-Luc, Hippokrateslaan 10, 1200 Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe, Belgium
| | - Rekin's Janky
- VIB Nucleomics Core, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Baki Topal
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, ImmunOvar Research Group, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric Van Cutsem
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Verslype
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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50
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Gaspar N, Zambito G, Löwik CMWG, Mezzanotte L. Active Nano-targeting of Macrophages. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1951-1961. [PMID: 31291874 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190710114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a role in almost every disease such as cancer, infections, injuries, metabolic and inflammatory diseases and are becoming an attractive therapeutic target. However, understanding macrophage diversity, tissue distribution and plasticity will help in defining precise targeting strategies and effective therapies. Active targeting of macrophages using nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes is still at its infancy but holds promises since macrophages have shown high specific uptake of nanoparticles. Here, we highlight recent progress in active nanotechnology-based systems gaining pivotal roles to target diverse macrophage subsets in diseased tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Gaspar
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Percuros B.V., Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Zambito
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Medres-Medical Research gmbh, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clemens M W G Löwik
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), UNIL, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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