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Eruygur N, Tuzcu N, Tugay O, Yilmaz MA, Cakir O. Phytochemical characterization and biological activities of Inula viscosa L. Aiton: a promising plant from Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:3334-3347. [PMID: 38245842 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2305215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The methanol extract of Inula viscosa (IVM) was investigated for its antioxidant potential using the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging as well as iron chelating assays (ICA). The total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) of IVM were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum trichloride methods, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of I. viscosa methanol extract was investigated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution method. The IVM extract was found to be containing TPC (236.78 ± 7.63 mg GAE/g) and TFC (94.36 ± 1.86 mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity IC50 values for the DPPH, ABTS and ICA assays were found to be 277.7 ± 3.68, 2.44 ± 0.02, and 222.1 ± 0.71 µg/mL, respectively. The MIC values of the IVM on the tested microorganisms ranged from 0.48 to 7.81 mg/mL. Furthermore, IVM extract was demonstrated 18.32 ± 1.37%, 23.06 ± 1.05%, 4.72 ± 0.13%, 15.13 ± 0.37% and 37.64 ± 4.02% inhibition against tyrosinase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, AChE and BChE, respectively. In the results of LC-MS/MS analysis, acacetin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid and protocatechuic acid were determined as most dominant compounds. These findings suggested that this plant may be a natural resource for creating novel medicinal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuraniye Eruygur
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nevin Tuzcu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Osman Tugay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dicle University, Diyarbakir Sur, Turkey
| | - Oguz Cakir
- Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Kutlu G. Valorization of various nut residues grown in Turkiye: Antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antidiabetic, and cytotoxic activities. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4362-4371. [PMID: 38873436 PMCID: PMC11167162 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of plant-based residues has been extensively employed for the control of diverse illnesses, owing to their safety and minimal adverse effects. In the current study, it was aimed for the characterization of the bioactive, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic activities of fresh pistachio shell skin (FPSS), green walnut husk and walnut membrane (GWH), almond outer shell and inner brown skin (ASIS), as well as peanut husk and inner skin (PHIS) to be used as industrial food processing by-products. The results showed that the samples exhibited different extraction yields, with GWH having the highest percentage at 15.18%, followed by FPSS at 12.81%, ASIS at 10.29%, and PHIS at 7.80%. FPSS had the highest total phenolic content (16.28 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) as well as the best antioxidant capabilities for DPPH (8.96 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g), FRAP (11.46 mg TE/g), and ABTS (22.38 mg TE/g) assays. FPSS was followed by PHIS, ASIS, and GWH, respectively. Moreover, the extracts exhibited relatively low activity against acetylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase compared to standard acarbose or galantamine. Furthermore, the extracts may have the potential to induce cytotoxic effects, varying from moderate to mild, on both cancerous (IC50 = 454.55-617.28 μg/mL) and healthy cells (IC50 = 438.60-490.20 μg/mL). The results of this research showed that shell residues of nut hold promise for a variety of industrial applications spanning the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Kutlu
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Fine Arts, Design and ArchitectureAnkara Medipol UniversityAnkaraTurkiye
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Ndung'u JK, Nguta JM, Mapenay IM, Moriasi GA. A Comprehensive Review of Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicity of Prunus africana (Hook. F.) Kalkman from Africa. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:8862996. [PMID: 38654751 PMCID: PMC11039028 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8862996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Prunus africana, a widely utilized medicinal plant in various African ethnic communities, continues to hold significant importance in traditional healing practices. Research has identified phytochemical compounds in this plant, exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities that offer potential for pharmaceutical development. Notably, P. africana is employed in treating various ailments such as wounds, diabetes mellitus, malaria, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chest pain, and prostate cancer. Its pharmacological properties are attributed to a spectrum of bioactive compounds, including tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, phytosterols, and fatty acids. Multiple studies have documented the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiandrogenic, antiangiogenic, antioxidant, antidipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, analgesic, and astringent properties of P. africana extracts. This review offers a comprehensive compilation of ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemical composition, pharmacological effects, and toxicity assessments of P. africana, serving as a foundation for future preclinical and clinical investigations. By understanding its traditional uses and chemical constituents, researchers can target specific medical conditions with greater precision, potentially expediting the development of safe and effective pharmaceuticals. Moreover, toxicity assessments provide crucial insights into the safety profile of P. africana extracts, ensuring the development of safe pharmaceuticals to treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K. Ndung'u
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Pharmacy, Kenya Medical Training College, Nakuru Campus Kenya, P.O. Box 110, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Joseph M. Nguta
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Isaac M. Mapenay
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053-00625, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gervason A. Moriasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844-00100-GPO, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mount Kenya University, P.O. Box 342-01000, Thika, Kenya
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4
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Nguyen V, Taine EG, Meng D, Cui T, Tan W. Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials. Nutrients 2024; 16:924. [PMID: 38612964 PMCID: PMC11013850 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a type of polyphenol compound found in rich concentrations in many plants such as green coffee beans. As an active natural substance, CGA exerts diverse therapeutic effects in response to a variety of pathological challenges, particularly conditions associated with chronic metabolic diseases and age-related disorders. It shows multidimensional functions, including neuroprotection for neurodegenerative disorders and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-pathogens, mitigation of cardiovascular disorders, skin diseases, diabetes mellitus, liver and kidney injuries, and anti-tumor activities. Mechanistically, its integrative functions act through the modulation of anti-inflammation/oxidation and metabolic homeostasis. It can thwart inflammatory constituents at multiple levels such as curtailing NF-kB pathways to neutralize primitive inflammatory factors, hindering inflammatory propagation, and alleviating inflammation-related tissue injury. It concurrently raises pivotal antioxidants by activating the Nrf2 pathway, thus scavenging excessive cellular free radicals. It elevates AMPK pathways for the maintenance and restoration of metabolic homeostasis of glucose and lipids. Additionally, CGA shows functions of neuromodulation by targeting neuroreceptors and ion channels. In this review, we systematically recapitulate CGA's pharmacological activities, medicinal properties, and mechanistic actions as a potential therapeutic agent. Further studies for defining its specific targeting molecules, improving its bioavailability, and validating its clinical efficacy are required to corroborate the therapeutic effects of CGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA;
| | | | - Dehao Meng
- Applied Physics Program, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Taixing Cui
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Wenbin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Yagi S, Ulusan MD, Sinan KI, Caprioli G, Mustafa AM, Angeloni S, Ahıskalı M, Zengin G. HPLC-MS/MS Profiles, Antioxidant, Neuroprotective, Antidiabetic and Skin Protective Effects of Different Extracts of Vicia peregrina L. Collected from the Eastern Region of Turkey. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400040. [PMID: 38265183 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Many Vicia species (Fabaceae) were proven to possess bioactive compounds with potential health beneficial properties. The present study was designed to determine the phenolic constituents, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of aerial parts and seed of V. peregrina. Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were prepared by maceration and aqueous extract by infusion. The chemical compositions of the extracts were determined using HPLC-MS/MS technology. The antioxidant activities were examined using various assays including free radical scavenging (ABTS and DPPH), reducing ability (CUPRAC and FRAP), metal chelation, and phosphomolybdenum. The enzyme inhibitory effects were investigated against cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase and glucosidase. The highest total phenolics and flavonoids contents were recorded in the methanol extracts of the seed (45.42 mg GAE/g) and aerial parts (40.33 mg RE/g) respectively. The aerial parts were characterized by higher accumulation of chlorogenic acid (9893.86 μg g-1 ), isoquercitrin (9400.33 μg g-1 ), delphindin 3,5 diglucoside (9113.28 μg g-1 ), hyperoside (6337.09 μg g-1 ), rutin (3489.83 μg g-1 ) and kaempferol-3-glucoside (2872.84 μg g-1 ). Generally, the methanol and aqueous extracts of the two studied parts exerted the best antioxidant activity with highest anti-DPPH (61.99 mg TE/g), anti-ABTS (101.80 mg TE/g) and Cu++ (16169 mg TE/g) and Fe+++ (172,36 mg TE/g) reducing capacity were recorded from the seed methanol extract. Methanol extract of the seed showed the best anti-tyrosinase activity (75.86 mg KAE/g). These results indicated that V. peregrina is rich with bioactive phenolics suggesting their use in different health promoting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakina Yagi
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LAE, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Musa Denizhan Ulusan
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Engineering, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Giovanni Caprioli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Ahmed M Mustafa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Simone Angeloni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Mihriban Ahıskalı
- Deparment of Biology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Fadaei MS, Fadaei MR, Kheirieh AE, Rahmanian-Devin P, Dabbaghi MM, Nazari Tavallaei K, Shafaghi A, Hatami H, Baradaran Rahimi V, Nokhodchi A, Askari VR. Niosome as a promising tool for increasing the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory compounds. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:212-263. [PMID: 38487088 PMCID: PMC10938253 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Niosomes are drug delivery systems with widespread applications in pharmaceutical research and the cosmetic industry. Niosomes are vesicles of one or more bilayers made of non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol, and charge inducers. Because of their bilayer characteristics, similar to liposomes, niosomes can be loaded with lipophilic and hydrophilic cargos. Therefore, they are more stable and cheaper in preparation than liposomes. They can be classified into four categories according to their sizes and structures, namely small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs,), multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), and multivesicular vesicles (MVVs). There are many methods for niosome preparation, such as thin-film hydration, solvent injection, and heating method. The current study focuses on the preparation methods and pharmacological effects of niosomes loaded with natural and chemical anti-inflammatory compounds in kinds of literature during the past decade. We found that most research was carried out to load anti-inflammatory agents like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) into niosome vesicles. The studies revealed that niosomes could improve anti-inflammatory agents' physicochemical properties, including solubility, cellular uptake, stability, encapsulation, drug release and liberation, efficiency, and oral bioavailability or topical absorption. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleh Fadaei
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fadaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Emad Kheirieh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Rahmanian-Devin
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Abouzar Shafaghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hooman Hatami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Lupin Pharmaceutical Research Center, 4006 NW 124th Ave., Coral Springs, Florida, FL 33065, USA
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Nigdelioglu Dolanbay S, Şirin S, Aslim B. Cocktail of three isoquinoline alkaloids derived from Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss. & A. Huet subsp. refractum (Nábelek) Mory inhibits the production of LPS-induced ROS, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mediators through the down-regulation of p38 MAPK in BV-2 cells. Fitoterapia 2023; 170:105652. [PMID: 37595642 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Glaucium grandiflorum extracts have traditionally been used to treat brain-related disorders. G. grandiflorum extracts also exhibited inhibitory effects on cholinesterase enzymes, as well as antigenotoxic activity. However, no research has been done on the effect of G. grandiflorum alkaloid extracts on the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In this study we aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the alkaloid extract obtained from G. grandiflorum as well as the mechanisms responsible for their neuroprotective effects in neuronal damage caused by LPS in BV2 cells. We used LC-MS/MS and 1H, 13C NMR analysis to determine the presence of major alkaloids (allocryptopine, tetrahydropalmatine, and tetrahydroberberine N-oxide (trans-cannadine-N-oxide) in the alkaloid extracts. We used flow cytometry to study the alkaloid extracts' effects on ROS production; we also employed qRT-PCR and Western Blot to analyze the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation-related genes and proteins. ROS production within the cell was inhibited by chloroform alkaloid extract (CAE). There occurred marked CAE-induced reductions in IL-1β, Cox-2, and iNOS mRNA expressions. We also observed marked reductions in IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expressions with methanol alkaloid extract (MAE). CAE effectively suppressed IL-1β and iNOS protein levels, especially as in qRT-PCR studies, while MAE effectively reduced IL-6 and TNF-α protein levels. Additionally, MAE was found to be prominent in suppressing the levels of Cox-2 protein, unlike qRT-PCR studies. According to our study findings, oxidative stress brought about by inflammation was suppressed by alkaloid extracts from G. grandiflorum which can be attributed to their suppressor effects on the pro-inflammatory cytokines-mediators, and p38 MAPK. As a result, a drug active substance that suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation has been brought to the neuropharmacological field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seda Şirin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Aslim
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06500, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey
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Afolabi OB, Olasehinde OR, Olanipon DG, Mabayoje SO, Familua OM, Jaiyesimi KF, Agboola EK, Idowu TO, Obafemi OT, Olaoye OA, Oloyede OI. Antioxidant evaluation and computational prediction of prospective drug-like compounds from polyphenolic-rich extract of Hibiscus cannabinus L. seed as antidiabetic and neuroprotective targets: assessment through in vitro and in silico studies. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:203. [PMID: 37337198 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports have implicated diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) as some of the global persistent health challenges with no lasting solutions, despite of significant inputs of modern-day pharmaceutical firms. This study therefore, aimed to appraise the in vitro antioxidant potential, enzymes inhibitory activities, and as well carry out in silico study on bioactive compounds from polyphenolic-rich extract of Hibiscus cannabinus seed (PEHc). METHODS In vitro antioxidant assays were performed on PEHc using standard methods while the identification of phytoconstituents was carried out with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For the in silico molecular docking using Schrodinger's Grid-based ligand docking with energetics software, seven target proteins were retrieved from the database ( https://www.rcsb.org/ ). RESULTS HPLC technique identified twelve chemical compounds in PEHc, while antioxidant quantification revealed higher total phenolic contents (243.5 ± 0.71 mg GAE/g) than total flavonoid contents (54.06 ± 0.09 mg QE/g) with a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of ABTS (IC50 = 218.30 ± 0.87 µg/ml) and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals (IC50 = 227.79 ± 0.74 µg/ml). In a similar manner, the extract demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 256.88 ± 6.15 µg/ml) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 183.19 ± 0.23 µg/ml) as well as acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 262.95 ± 1.47 µg/ml) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 189.97 ± 0.82 µg/ml), respectively. Furthermore, In silico study showed that hibiscetin (a lead) revealed a very strong binding affinity energies for DPP-4, (PDB ID: 1RWQ) and α-amylase (PDB ID: 1SMD), gamma-tocopherol ( for peptide-1 receptor; PDB ID: 3C59, AChE; PDB ID: 4EY7 and BChE; PDB ID: 7B04), cianidanol for α-glucosidase; PDB ID: 7KBJ and kaempferol for Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1); PDB ID: 6BHV, respectively. More so, ADMET scores revealed drug-like potentials of the lead compounds identified in PEHc. CONCLUSION As a result, the findings of this study point to potential drug-able compounds in PEHc that could be useful for the management of DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle Bamikole Afolabi
- Phytomedicine and Toxicology Unit, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe-Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwaseun Ruth Olasehinde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Damilola Grace Olanipon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Samson Olatunde Mabayoje
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Michael Familua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Kikelomo Folake Jaiyesimi
- Phytomedicine and Toxicology Unit, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe-Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Esther Kemi Agboola
- Phytomedicine and Toxicology Unit, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe-Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Olajumoke Idowu
- Medicinal Plant Unit, Chemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe-Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado- Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olabisi Tajudeen Obafemi
- Phytomedicine and Toxicology Unit, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe-Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Oyindamola Adeniyi Olaoye
- Phytomedicine and Toxicology Unit, Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, College of Sciences, Afe-Babalola University, P.M.B 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Omotade Ibidun Oloyede
- Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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El Maaiden E, El Kahia H, Nasser B, Moustaid K, Qarah N, Boukcim H, Hirich A, Kouisni L, El Kharrassi Y. Deep eutectic solvent-ultrasound assisted extraction as a green approach for enhanced extraction of naringenin from Searsia tripartita and retained their bioactivities. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1193509. [PMID: 37404862 PMCID: PMC10315493 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1193509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Naringenin (NA) is a natural flavonoid used in the formulation of a wide range of pharmaceutical, fragrance, and cosmetic products. In this research, NA was extracted from Searsia tripartita using an environmentally friendly, high efficiency extraction method: an ultrasound-assisted extraction with deep eutectic solvents (UAE-DES). Methods Six natural deep eutectic solvent systems were tested. Choline chloride was used as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and formic acid, ethylene glycol, lactic acid, urea, glycerol, and citric acid were used as hydrogen bond donors (HBD). Results Based on the results of single-factor experiments, response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design was applied to determine the optimal conditions for UAE-DES. According to the results, the optimal NA extraction parameters were as follows: DES-1 consisted of choline chloride (HBA) and formic acid (HBD) in a mole ratio of 2:1, an extraction time of 10 min, an extraction temperature of 50°C, an ultrasonic amplitude of 75 W, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1/60 g/mL. Extracted NA was shown to inhibit the activity of different enzymes in vitro, including α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase. Conclusion Thus, the UAE-DES technique produced high-efficiency NA extraction while retaining bioactivity, implying broad application potential, and making it worthy of consideration as a high-throughput green extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzouhra El Maaiden
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Houda El Kahia
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neurosciences, Natural Resources and Environment, Hassan I University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Khadija Moustaid
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Hassan I University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Nagib Qarah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education-Zabid, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen
| | - Hassan Boukcim
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Youssef El Kharrassi
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
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Plekratoke K, Boonyarat C, Monthakantirat O, Nualkaew N, Wangboonskul J, Awale S, Chulikhit Y, Daodee S, Khamphukdee C, Chaiwiwatrakul S, Waiwut P. The Effect of Ethanol Extract from Mesua ferrea Linn Flower on Alzheimer's Disease and Its Underlying Mechanism. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4063-4079. [PMID: 37232728 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of Mesua ferrea Linn flower (MFE) extract on the pathogenic cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were determined by an in vitro and cell culture model in the search for a potential candidate for the treatment of AD. The 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay exhibited that the MFE extract had antioxidant activities. According to the Ellman and the thioflavin T method's result, the extracts could inhibit acetylcholinesterase and β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation. Studies on neuroprotection in cell culture found that the MFE extract could reduce the death of human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) caused by H2O2 and Aβ. Western blot analysis exhibited that the MFE extract alleviated H2O2-induced neuronal cell damage by downregulating the pro-apoptotic proteins, including cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and by enhancing the expression of anti-apoptotic markers including MCl1, BClxl, and survivin. Moreover, MFE extract inhibited the expression of APP, presenilin 1, and BACE, and increased the expression of neprilysin. In addition, the MFE extract could enhance scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice. Overall, results showed that the MFE extract had several modes of action related to the AD pathogenesis cascade, including antioxidants, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-Aβ aggregation, and neuroprotection against oxidative stress and Aβ. Therefore, the M. ferrea L. flower might be a possibility for further development as a medication for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusawadee Plekratoke
- Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Natsajee Nualkaew
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jinda Wangboonskul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thummasart University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suresh Awale
- Division of Natural Drug Discovery, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yaowared Chulikhit
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Daodee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Charinya Khamphukdee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Suchada Chaiwiwatrakul
- Department of English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
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11
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Ullah S, Sirajuddin M, Ullah Z, Mushtaq A, Naz S, Zubair M, Haider A, Ali S, Kubicki M, Wani TA, Zargar S, Rehman MU. Synthesis, Structural Elucidation and Pharmacological Applications of Cu(II) Heteroleptic Carboxylates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050693. [PMID: 37242476 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Six heteroleptic Cu(II) carboxylates (1-6) were prepared by reacting 2-chlorophenyl acetic acid (L1), 3-chlorophenyl acetic acid (L2), and substituted pyridine (2-cyanopyridine and 2-chlorocyanopyridine). The solid-state behavior of the complexes was described via vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR), which revealed that the carboxylate moieties adopted different coordination modes around the Cu(II) center. A paddlewheel dinuclear structure with distorted square pyramidal geometry was elucidated from the crystal data for complexes 2 and 5 with substituted pyridine moieties at the axial positions. The presence of irreversible metal-centered oxidation reduction peaks confirms the electroactive nature of the complexes. A relatively higher binding affinity was observed for the interaction of SS-DNA with complexes 2-6 compared to L1 and L2. The findings of the DNA interaction study indicate an intercalative mode of interaction. The maximum inhibition against acetylcholinesterase enzyme was caused for complex 2 (IC50 = 2 µg/mL) compared to the standard drug Glutamine (IC50 = 2.10 µg/mL) while the maximum inhibition was found for butyrylcholinesterase enzyme by complex 4 (IC50 = 3 µg/mL) compared to the standard drug Glutamine (IC50 = 3.40 µg/mL). The findings of the enzymatic activity suggest that the under study compounds have potential for curing of Alzheimer's disease. Similarly, complexes 2 and 4 possess the maximum inhibition as revealed from the free radical scavenging activity performed against DPPH and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaker Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sirajuddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Pakistan
| | - Zafran Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saba Naz
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Maciej Kubicki
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-712 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Yang MH, Ha IJ, Ahn J, Kim CK, Lee M, Ahn KS. Potential function of loliolide as a novel blocker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal and breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2023; 105:110610. [PMID: 36707041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Loliolide (LL), a naturally occurring monoterpenoid lactone isolated from Vicia tenuifolia Roth, can exhibit numerous pharmacological effects such as those related to anti-Parkinson, anti-oxidant, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-depressant. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in regulating tumor metastasis. CXCR4 and CXCR7 are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), which can be stimulated by CXCL12. CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCXR7 axis can cause activation of multiple pathways including MAPKs, JAK/STAT pathway, and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) signaling. These events can initiate EMT process and induce cell invasion and migration. Here, we investigated whether LL can modulate the CXCR4 and CXCR7 and EMT process in colon cancer and breast cancer cells. We found that LL suppressed levels of CXCR4 and CXCR7, and exerted an inhibitory effect on these chemokines even after stimulation by CXCL12. LL suppressed expression of MnSOD and mesenchymal markers, whereas induced epithelial markers. In addition, LL significantly attenuated cellular invasion, migration, and metastasis. We noted that LL inhibited CXCR4/7 and EMT process even after stimulation of CXCL12 and MnSOD overexpression. Therefore, in this study, we provide evidences that targeting CXCR4/7 and MnSOD could inhibit the invasion, migration, and metastasis of cancer cells as well as negatively regulate the EMT process. Overall, our study suggested that LL might act as a potent suppressor of EMT process against colon and breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Yang
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jin Ha
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center (K-CTC), Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjun Ahn
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Kwon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon-si, Jeonnam 57922, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology and Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Chemical characterization and pharmacological profile of Tribulus terrestris extracts: A novel source of cosmeceuticals and pharmaceuticals. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2023.104600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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14
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Jamal QMS, Khan MI, Alharbi AH, Ahmad V, Yadav BS. Identification of Natural Compounds of the Apple as Inhibitors against Cholinesterase for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: An In Silico Molecular Docking Simulation and ADMET Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071579. [PMID: 37049419 PMCID: PMC10097405 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia in older people, causes neurological problems associated with memory and thinking. The key enzymes involved in Alzheimer's disease pathways are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Because of this, there is a lot of interest in finding new AChE inhibitors. Among compounds that are not alkaloids, flavonoids have stood out as good candidates. The apple fruit, Malus domestica (Rosaceae), is second only to cranberries regarding total phenolic compound concentration. Computational tools and biological databases were used to investigate enzymes and natural compounds. Molecular docking techniques were used to analyze the interactions of natural compounds of the apple with enzymes involved in the central nervous system (CNS), acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase, followed by binding affinity calculations using the AutoDock tool. The molecular docking results revealed that CID: 107905 exhibited the best interactions with AChE, with a binding affinity of -12.2 kcal/mol, and CID: 163103561 showed the highest binding affinity with BuChE, i.e., -11.2 kcal/mol. Importantly, it was observed that amino acid residue Trp286 of AChE was involved in hydrogen bond formation, Van Der Walls interactions, and Pi-Sigma/Pi-Pi interactions in the studied complexes. Moreover, the results of the Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS) analysis indicated interaction stability. This study shows that CID: 12000657 could be used as an AChE inhibitor and CID: 135398658 as a BuChE inhibitor to treat Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Alharbi
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Varish Ahmad
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Health Information Technology Department, The Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brijesh Singh Yadav
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, N-8026 Bodø, Norway
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15
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Javed H, Fizur NMM, Jha NK, Ashraf GM, Ojha S. Neuroprotective Potential and Underlying Pharmacological Mechanism of Carvacrol for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1421-1432. [PMID: 36567278 PMCID: PMC10324337 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221223120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemicals have antioxidant properties to counter the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system and can be a promising drug candidate for neurodegenerative diseases. Among various phytochemicals, constituents of spice origin have recently received special attention for neurodegenerative diseases owing to their health benefits, therapeutic potential, edible nature, and dietary accessibility and availability. Carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpenoid, has garnered attention in treating and managing various human diseases. It possesses diverse pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are major public health concerns that place a significant financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The global burden of these diseases is expected to increase in the next few decades owing to increasing life expectancies. Currently, there is no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and PD, and the available drugs only give symptomatic relief. For a long time, oxidative stress has been recognized as a primary contributor to neurodegeneration. Carvacrol enhances memory and cognition by modulating the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, and Aβ25-35- induced neurotoxicity in AD. Moreover, it also reduces the production of reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokine levels in PD, which further prevents the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and improves motor functions. This review highlights carvacrol's potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in managing and treating AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nagoor Meeran Mohamed Fizur
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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16
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Ngai DN, Kibiti CM, Ngugi MP. Cognitive enhancing effects and anticholinesterase activity of stem bark and leaf extracts of Prunus africana. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12289. [PMID: 36593834 PMCID: PMC9803689 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is ranked among the top five causes of death for old people. Globally, it is approximated that there are 7.7 million new cases of Alzheimer's disease per annum and it is expected that by the year 2050, as many as 1.5% of people will be victims of Alzheimers or other types of dementia. Currently there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease and the conventional therapeutics agents available either have low efficacy or are associated with serious side effects. In the current study, in vivo cognitive advancing and anticholinesterase effects of crude methanol extracts of stem bark and leaf of Prunus africana were investigated in scopolamine treated mice. Passive avoidance task was used to evaluate cognitive enhancing effects of the two plant extracts. Donepezil was used as the standard drug. Scopolamine butylbromide (5 mg/kg bw) was administered intraperitoneally to induce Alzheimer's disease in mice during the study. A completely controlled randomised experimental design was employed in the current study. The two extracts displayed significant anticholinesterase activities and improved cognition in a dose dependent fashion as indicated by escape latency trends. From the current study, it is concluded that methanol extracts of stem bark and leaf of P. africana contain phytochemicals with anticholinesterase activity and cognitive enhancing effects in scopolamine treated mice. The study therefore supports use of leaf and stem bark extracts of P. africana for management of dementia by traditional herbal practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N. Ngai
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya,Corresponding author.
| | - Cromwell M. Kibiti
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, P. O. Box 90420-80100, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Mathew Piero Ngugi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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17
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Li C, Tang W, Chen S, He J, Li X, Zhu X, Li H, Peng Y. Phytochemical Properties and In Vitro Biological Activities of Phenolic Compounds from Flower of Clitoria ternatea L. Molecules 2022; 27:6336. [PMID: 36234873 PMCID: PMC9573559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from the flower of Clitoria ternatea L. (PCFCTL) were extracted using a high-speed shearing extraction technique and purified by AB-8 macroporous resins, and the phytochemical composition of the purified phenolic compounds from the flower of Clitoria ternatea L. (PPCFCTL) was then analyzed. Subsequently, its bioactivities including antioxidant properties, enzyme inhibitory activities, and antiproliferative activities against several tumor cell lines were evaluated. Results indicated that the contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, flavanols, and phenolic acids in PPCFCTL were increased by 3.29, 4.11, 2.74, 2.43, and 2.96-fold, respectively, compared with those before being purified by AB-8 macroporous resins. The results showed PPCFCTL have significant antioxidant ability (measured by reducing power, RP, and ferric reducing antioxidant power method, FRAP) and good DPPH, ABTS+, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities. They can also significantly inhibit lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. In addition, morphological changes of HeLa, HepG2, and NCI-H460 tumor cells demonstrated the superior antitumor performance of PPCFCTL. However, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was relatively weak. These findings suggest that PPCFCTL have important potential as natural antioxidant, antilipidemic, anti-glycemic and antineoplastic agents in health-promoting foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Shanglong Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Juping He
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xucheng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haimei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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18
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Hendra R, Salib MN, Molinski TF. Spiroisoxazoline Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase from Pseudoceratina verrucosa. Quantitative Chiroptical Analysis of Configurational Heterogeneity, and Total Synthesis of (±)-Methyl Purpuroceratate C. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2207-2216. [PMID: 36095307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Examination of the MeOH extract of the sponge, Pseudoceratina cf. verrucosa, Berquist 1995 collected near Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia for selective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, yielded five new bromotyrosine alkaloids, methyl purpuroceratates A and B (1b and 2b), purpuroceratic acid C (3a), and ningalamides A and B (4 and 5). The structures of 1-4 share the dibromo-spirocyclohexadienyl-isoxazoline (SIO) ring system found in purealidin-R, while ketoxime 5 is analogous to ianthelline and purpurealidin I. The planar structures of all five compounds were obtained from analysis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR data, and the absolute configuration of the spiroisoxazoline (SIO) unit was assigned by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and comparison with standards prepared by total synthesis of methyl purpuroceratate C, (±)-3b. Compound 4 is the most complex SIO described, to date. The configuration of the homoserine module (C) in 4 was ascertained, after acid hydrolysis, by derivatization of an l-tryptophanamide derivative based on Marfey's reagent. Chiral-phase HPLC, with comparison to synthetic standards, revealed that most SIOs isolated from P. cf. verrucosa were configurationally heterogeneous; some, essentially racemic. Chiral-phase HPLC, with UV-ECD detection, is demonstrated as a superlative method for configurational assignment and quantitation of the enantiomeric composition of SIOs. Two SIOs─aerophobin-1 and aplysinamisine II─emerged as selective inhibitors of AChE over butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE, IC50 ratio >10), while aplysamine-2 moderately inhibited both cholinesterases (ChEs, IC50, (AChE) 0.46 μM; IC50, (BuChE) 1.03 μM). SIO alkaloids represent a potential new structural manifold for lead-discovery of new therapeutics for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Hendra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Riau, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
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19
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Salib MN, Hendra R, Molinski TF. Bioactive Bromotyrosine Alkaloids from the Bahamian Marine Sponge Aiolochroia crassa. Dimerization and Oxidative Motifs. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12831-12843. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam N. Salib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Rudi Hendra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Tadeusz F. Molinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Riau, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia
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20
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Luo Y, Shan L, Xu L, Patnala S, Kanfer I, Li J, Yu P, Jun X. A network pharmacology-based approach to explore the therapeutic potential of Sceletium tortuosum in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273583. [PMID: 36006974 PMCID: PMC9409587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sceletium tortuosum (SCT) has been utilized medicinally by indigenous Koi-San people purportedly for mood elevation. SCT extracts are reported to be neuroprotective and have efficacy in improving cognition. However, it is still unclear which of the pharmacological mechanisms of SCT contribute to the therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, this study investigated two aspects–firstly, the abilities of neuroprotective sub-fractions from SCT on scavenging radicals, inhibiting some usual targets relevant to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD), and secondly utilizing the network pharmacology related methods to search probable mechanisms using Surflex-Dock program to show the key targets and corresponding SCT constituents. The results indicated sub-fractions from SCT could scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR). Furthermore, the results of gene ontology and docking analyses indicated the key targets involved in the probable treatment of AD or PD might be AChE, MAO-B, NMDAR subunit2B (GluN2B-NMDAR), adenosine A2A receptor and cannabinoid receptor 2, and the corresponding constituents in Sceletium tortuosum might be N-trans-feruloyl-3-methyldopamine, dihydrojoubertiamine and other mesembrine type alkaloids. In summary, this study has provided new evidence for the therapeutic potential of SCT in the treatment of AD or PD, as well as the key targets and notable constituents in SCT. Therefore, we propose SCT could be a natural chemical resource for lead compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwen Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luchen Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Srinivas Patnala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Isadore Kanfer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Jiahao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (PY); (JX)
| | - Xu Jun
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (PY); (JX)
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21
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Zhang M, Xue J, Chen X, Elsaid FG, Salem ET, Ghanem RA, El‐kott AF, Xu Z. Bioactivity of hamamelitannin, flavokawain A, and triacetyl resveratrol as natural compounds: Molecular docking study, anti‐colon cancer and anti‐Alzheimer potentials. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 70:730-745. [PMID: 35933706 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we worked on anticolon cancer effects and anti-Alzheimer's disease with molecular docking studies. Hamamelitannin, flavokawain A, and triacetyl resveratrol compounds showed good inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. The inhibition effects of flavokawain A, hamamelitannin, and triacetyl resveratrol on AChE and BuChE enzymes were determined spectrophotometrically conforming to Ellman. IC50 values of these enzymes were ranging between 0.95 ± 0.12 and 93.27 ± 8.14 nM for AChE and 5.71 ± 0.77 and 52.10 ± 8.41 nM for BuChE. The inhibitory activities of some chemical compounds such as flavokawain A, hamamelitannin, and triacetyl resveratrol were assessed by performing the molecular docking study in the presence of AChE and BuChE. Also, the features of the ligand-enzyme complex had value of -7.722 kcal/mol for flavokawain A against AChE and -5.530 kcal/mol against BuChE. The molecular docking calculations indicated the probable interactions and their characteristics at an atomic level. Due to the outcomes gained from docking, the affinity of the chemical compounds to the enzymes was considerable. In vitro cell viabilities of flavokawain A, hamamelitannin, and triacetyl resveratrol with various concentrations on SW620, DLD-1, HT29, HCT8, and HCT116 were investigated by MTT assay with Doxorubicin as the control compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College Xi'an Shaanxi 710038 China
| | - Jiao Xue
- Health Management Center QingDao Municipal Hospital, ShanDong province QingDao 266000 China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Second Department of Encephalopathy Xi'an Chinese Medicine Hospital Xi'an Shaanxi 710032 China
| | - Fahmy G. Elsaid
- Department of Biology, Science College King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Eman T. Salem
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Physical Therapy Horus University‐Egypt New Damietta 34518 Egypt
| | - Reham A. Ghanem
- Department of Oral biology, faculty of oral and dental medicine Delta university for science and technology Gamasa Egypt
| | - Attalla F. El‐kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Damanhour University Damanhour Egypt
| | - Zhongkai Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shangdong Jinan 250013 China
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Sánchez-Martínez JD, Valdés A, Gallego R, Suárez-Montenegro ZJ, Alarcón M, Ibañez E, Alvarez-Rivera G, Cifuentes A. Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability Study of Potential Neuroprotective Compounds Recovered From Plants and Agri-Food by-Products. Front Nutr 2022; 9:924596. [PMID: 35782945 PMCID: PMC9243654 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.924596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and agri-food by-products represent a wide and renewable source of bioactive compounds with neuroprotective properties. In this research, various green extraction techniques were employed to recover bioactive molecules from Kalanchoe daigremontiana (kalanchoe), epicarp of Cyphomandra betacea (tamarillo), and cooperage woods from Robinia pseudoacacia (acacia) and Nothofagus pumilio (lenga), as well as a reference extract (positive control) from Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary). The neuroprotective capacity of these plant extracts was evaluated in a set of in vitro assays, including enzymatic [acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and lipoxygenase (LOX)] and antioxidant [ABTS, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS)] bioactivity tests. Extracts were also submitted to a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay mimicking the blood–brain barrier (PAMPA-BBB) and to two cell viability assays in HK-2 and SH-SY5Y cell lines. Comprehensive phytochemical profiling based on liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis showed enriched content of phenolic and terpenoid compounds in the target extracts. Moreover, in vitro bioactivity tests showed promising neuroprotective capacity, particularly for supercritical-fluid extraction (SFE) extract from acacia (ABTS IC50 = 0.11 μg ml−1; ROS IC50 = 1.56 μg ml−1; AChE IC50 = 4.23 μg ml−1; BChE IC50 = 1.20 μg ml−1; and LOX IC50 = 4.37 μg ml−1), whereas PAMPA-BBB assays revealed high perfusion capacity of some representative compounds, such as phenolic acids or flavonoids. Regarding cytotoxic assays, tamarillo and rosemary SFE extracts can be considered as non-toxic, acacia SFE extract and lenga pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) extract as mild-cytotoxic, and kalanchoe as highly toxic extracts. The obtained results demonstrate the great potential of the studied biomass extracts to be transformed into valuable food additives, food supplements, or nutraceuticals with promising neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- José David Sánchez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Valdés
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Gallego
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Zully Jimena Suárez-Montenegro
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Alarcón
- Area of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Elena Ibañez
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Gerardo Alvarez-Rivera
| | - Alejandro Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Foodomics, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Alejandro Cifuentes
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Effects of Berberine on Liver Cancer. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer, otherwise known as hepatocellular carcinoma, is a chronic disease condition with an excessive deposition and growth of malignant cells in the body. The high incidence and prevalence rates of liver cancer continue to be problems, as well as its poor prognosis and therapeutic limitations involving severe drug adverse reactions linked to the use of synthetic chemotherapeutic compounds. Continuous experimental studies, as well as utilization of pure herbal-based compounds, are essential towards finding more potent cures for liver cancer. Natural bioactive compounds, particularly alkaloids (eg, berberine), have been shown to be highly beneficial in the treatment of various diseases. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid, is obtained from stem, bark, roots, rhizomes, and leaves of several medicinal plants, including Berberis species. It is commonly synthesized from the benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline system with the incorporation of an additional carbon atom as a bridge. The multiple attributes of BBR involving effective inhibitory and cytotoxic actions against the proliferation of cancer cells have been demonstrated. The use of BBR in experimental studies (in vivo and in vitro) for over a decade for liver cancer treatment has proven to be highly effective, safe, and potent. Until now, the poor solubility of BBR remains one of the contributing factors leading to its minimal clinical bioavailability. Therefore, BBR could serve as a prospective drug candidate in the future towards drug formulation for liver cancer treatment. The relevant information regarding this review was obtained electronically through the use of databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer, Hindawi, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. All the aforementioned databases were searched from 1981 to 2020. This literature represents an update of previous review papers discussing the various positive pharmacological and mechanistic effects (oxidative stress regulation, inflammation reduction, apoptosis activation, overcoming drug resistance, and metastasis inhibition) of BBR for liver cancer treatment, which would be of great significance to drug development and clinical research.
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Kocanci FG, Hamamcioglu B, Aslim B. The Relationship Between Neuroprotective Activity and Antigenotoxic and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Effects of Glaucium corniculatum Extracts. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Bozkurt B, Ulkar D, Nurlu N, Kaya GI, Unver-Somer N. Chemical profile, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity of Glaucium corniculatum subsp. refractum. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Biochemical evaluation and molecular docking assessment of Cymbopogon citratus as a natural source of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)- targeting insecticides. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101175. [PMID: 34869921 PMCID: PMC8626657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been an effective target for insecticide development which is a very important aspect of the global fight against insect-borne diseases. The drastic reduction in the sensitivity of insects to AChE-targeting insecticides like organophosphates and carbamates have increased the need for insecticides of natural origin. In this study, we used Drosophila melanogaster as a model to investigate the insecticidal and AChE inhibitory potentials of Cymbopogon citratus and its bioactive compounds. Flies were exposed to 100 and 200 mg/mL C. citratus leaf extract for a 3-h survival assay followed by 45 min exposure for negative geotaxis and biochemical assays. Molecular docking analysis of 45 bioactive compounds of the plant was conducted against Drosophila melanogaster AChE (DmAChE). Exposure to C. citratus significantly reduced the survival rate of flies throughout the exposure period and this was accompanied by a significant decrease in percentage negative geotaxis, AChE activity, catalase activity, total thiol level and a significant increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. The bioactive compounds of C. citratus showed varying levels of binding affinities for the enzyme. (+)-Cymbodiacetal scored highest (−9.407 kcal/mol) followed by proximadiol (−8.253 kcal/mol), geranylacetone (−8.177 kcal/mol), and rutin (−8.148 kcal/mol). The four compounds occupied the same binding pocket and interacted with important active site amino acid residues as the co-crystallized ligand (1qon). These compounds could be responsible for the insecticidal and AChE inhibitory potentials of C. citratus and they could be further explored in the development of AChE-targeting insecticides. Cymbopogon citratus reduced the AChE activity, catalase activity, total thiol level in Drosophilia melanogaster. The bioactive compounds of Cymbopogon citratus displayed considerable binding affinities for Drosophila melanogaster AChE and the four top-scoring compounds are (+)-Cymbodiacetal, proximadiol, geranylacetone, and rutin. (+)-Cymbodiacetal showed the highest binding affinity to AChE (DmAChE).
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Akaberi T, Shourgashti K, Emami SA, Akaberi M. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of alkaloids from Glaucium spp. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 191:112923. [PMID: 34454171 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glaucium Mill. comprising 28 species with 78 synonyms, 3 subspecies, and 3 varieties worldwide belongs to the Papaveraceae family. The plants are well known for their different types of alkaloids. In the present study, we attempted to review the chemistry and pharmacology of the alkaloids from the genus Glaucium. For this purpose, the relevant data were collected from different scientific databases including, "Google Scholar", "ISI Web of Knowledge", "PubMed", "Scopus", and available books and e-books. Our results showed that aporphine alkaloids are dominated in the species; however, other types of alkaloids including protopines, benzophenanthridines, benzylisoquinolines, protoberberines, and morphinanes have also been reported from the genus. The pharmacological studies have shown that the alkaloids from Glaucium species have several biological activities of which anti-cancer and anti-cholinesterase effects have been highly reported. Besides, the data indicated that most of the species have been investigated neither phytochemically nor pharmacologically. Glaucium flavum, known as yellow horn poppy, is the most studied species. According to the reports, the plants from this genus have anti-cancer and anti-cholinesterase potentials and can be used as a source for aporphine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Akaberi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Kamran Shourgashti
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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28
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Liu DM, Xu B, Dong C. Recent advances in colorimetric strategies for acetylcholinesterase assay and their applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Al-Zaban M, Naghmouchi S, AlHarbi NK. HPLC-Analysis, Biological Activities and Characterization of Action Mode of Saudi Marrubium vulgare against Foodborne Diseases Bacteria. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175112. [PMID: 34500546 PMCID: PMC8434504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the chemical composition, metabolites secondary and pharmacology activities of methanolic extract of Marrubium vulgare collected from King Saudi Arabia. Moreover, the primary mode of action of the tested extract was studied here for the first time against E. coli and L. monocytogenes. HPLC analysis shows that the major components in the tested extract are luteolin-7-O-d-glucoside, ferulic acid and premarrubiin. Obtained data demonstrated that the investigated extract was richer in phenol (26.8 ± 0.01 mg/GAE g) than in flavonoids (0.61 ± 0.05 mg EC/mL). In addition, the methanolic extract showed an important antioxidant capacity against the DPPH (IC50 = 35 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 25 ± 0.2 µg/mL) radical scavenging and a strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme with an IC50 value corresponding to 0.4 mg/mL. The antibacterial activity demonstrated that the evaluated extract had significant activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The effect of time on cell integrity on E. coli and L. monocytogenes determined by time-kill and bacteriolysis tests showed that the M. vulgare extract reduced the viability of both strains after 8 and 10 h and had a bacteriolytic effect against two different categories of bacteria, Gram-positive and negative, which are not of the same potency. Based on obtained data, it can be concluded that Saudi M. vulgare has a high pharmacological importance and can be used in preparation of food or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayasar Al-Zaban
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (N.K.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Souheila Naghmouchi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (N.K.A.)
- National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, University of Tunis Carthage, Street of Hedi Karay BP N 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Nada K. AlHarbi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (S.N.); (N.K.A.)
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Suciati, Poerwantoro D, Widyawaruyanti A, Ingkaninan K. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of extract and fractions from the root of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Bth.ex Kurz. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:313-317. [PMID: 34214376 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease characterized by confusion, behavior changes, decline in memory and cognitive skills. One of the strategies in the treatment of AD is to use acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The current study aims to determine the AChE inhibitory activities of the extract and fractions of the root of Rauvolfia serpentina. METHODS Extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol, followed by liquid-liquid partition using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Further fractionation was conducted by using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). The AChE inhibitory assays were performed by using Ellmann's method. Phytochemical screening was carried out by TLC method. RESULTS The ethanolic extract of R. serpentina showed inhibition against AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 7.46 μg/mL. The extract and fractions showed higher inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) compared to AChE. Amongst three fractions obtained, the n-butanol fraction showed the strongest inhibition with an IC50 value of 5.99 μg/mL against AChE. VLC fractionation of the n-butanol fraction yielded 13 subfractions (VLC 1-VLC 13). Four out of 13 subfractions gave more than 80% inhibition against AChE, namely subfractions 4-7, with IC50 values ranging from 4.87 to 47.22 μg/mL. The phytochemical screening of these subfractions suggested the presence of alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS The ethanolic extract, as well as fractions of R. serpentina root, are potential for AChE inhibitor. The alkaloid compound may be responsible for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suciati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia.,Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Debora Poerwantoro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aty Widyawaruyanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia.,Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Lycopodium selago L. on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in Zebrafish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060568. [PMID: 34198639 PMCID: PMC8232138 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This scientific research focused on the production of hydroethanolic extract of the plant species Lycopodium selago L. (L. selago) by the ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) and the identification of biocompounds with high antioxidant activity is of interest for possible phytotherapeutic treatment against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The extract was phytochemically analyzed to investigate polyphenols, flavonoids, and identify the sesquiterpenoid alkaloid huperzine A (HupA), which is known in the literature for its great relevance in AD. Evaluation and comparison of the antioxidant activity of the extract were performed by four complementary spectrophotometric methods (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, ORAC). In vitro tests of the extract showed an excellent reciprocal link between the concentration of polyphenols and the measurement of the antioxidant activity of the extract with the sesquiterpenoid HupA. To confirm the antioxidant activity, L. selago hydroethanolic extract was administered in vivo to zebrafish (Danio rerio) with a pattern of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Moreover, this study explored a possible correlation between the expression of oxidative stress markers in the brain tissue with the behavior of the scopolamine zebrafish model. In vivo tests showed that this fern could be used as a nutritional supply and as a phytotherapeutic method to prevent or treat various neurodegenerative diseases that call for high-nutritive-value medications.
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Nigdelioglu Dolanbay S, Kocanci FG, Aslim B. Neuroprotective effects of allocryptopine-rich alkaloid extracts against oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111690. [PMID: 34004513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a significant feature in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the search for an effective and safe novel antioxidant agent with neuroprotective properties has increased the interest in medicinal plant products as a bioactive phytochemical source. However, little is known about the potential effects of the medically important Glaucium corniculatum as a natural antioxidant. OBJECTIVE In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and cell cycle regulatory mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of alkaloid extracts (chloroform, methanol, and water) from G. corniculatum, which was profiled for major alkaloid/alkaloids, against H2O2-induced neuronal damage in differentiated PC12 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The profiles of the alkaloid extracts were analyzed by GC-MS. The effects of the alkaloid extracts on intracellular ROS production, level of apoptotic cells, and cell cycle dysregulation were analyzed by flow cytometry; the effects on mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes were also analyzed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS The same alkaloid components, allocryptopine, tetrahydropalmatine, and tetrahydroberberine N-oxide were obtained in all three solvents, but the ratios of the components differed according to the solvents. Allocryptopine was determined to be the major alkaloid ingredient in the alkaloid extracts, with the highest amount of allocryptopine (497 μg/mg) being found in the chloroform alkaloid extract (CAE) (*p < 0.05). The best results were obtained from CAE, which has the highest amount of allocryptopine among alkaloid extracts in all studies. CAE suppressed intracellular ROS production (5.7-fold), percentage of apoptotic cells (3.0-fold), and cells in the sub G1 phase (6.8-fold); additionally, it increased cells in the G1 phase (1.5-fold) (**p < 0.01). CAE remarkably reduced the expressions of Bax, Caspase-9/-3 mRNA (2.4-3.5-fold) while increasing the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA (3.0-fold) (*p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that alkaloid extracts from G. corniculatum, which contain allocryptopine, tetrahydropalmatine, and tetrahydroberberine N-oxide suppressed oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis, possibly by suppressing the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and regulating the cell cycle. These results are the first report that related alkaloids have played a neuroprotective role by regulating multiple mechanisms. Thus, our study indicated that these alkaloids especially allocryptopine could offer an efficient and novel strategy to explore novel drugs for neuroprotection and cognitive improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Gonca Kocanci
- Alaaddin Keykubat University, Vocational High School of Health Services, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Alanya 07425, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Belma Aslim
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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Fayek NM, Mekky RH, Dias CN, Kropf M, Heiss AG, Wessjohann LA, Farag MA. UPLC-MS Metabolome-Based Seed Classification of 16 Vicia Species: A Prospect for Phyto-Equivalency and Chemotaxonomy of Different Accessions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5252-5266. [PMID: 33877831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of domesticated Vicia (vetch) species (family Fabaceae-Faboideae) are produced and consumed worldwide for their nutritional value. Seed accessions belonging to 16 different species of Vicia-both domesticated and wild taxa-were subjected to a chemotaxonomic study using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analyzed by chemometrics. A total of 89 metabolites were observed in the examined Vicia accessions. Seventy-eight out of the 89 detected metabolites were annotated. Metabolites quantified belonged to several classes, viz., flavonoids, procyanidins, prodelphinidins, anthocyanins, stilbenes, dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids, coumarins, alkaloids, jasmonates, fatty acids, terpenoids, and cyanogenics, with flavonoids and fatty acids amounting to the major classes. Flavonoids, fatty acids, and anthocyanins showed up as potential chemotaxonomic markers in Vicia species discrimination. Fatty acids were more enriched in Vicia faba specimens, while the abundance of flavonoids was the highest in Vicia parviflora. Anthocyanins allowed for discrimination between Vicia hirsuta and Vicia sepium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on employing UPLC-MS metabolomics to discern the diversity of metabolites at the intrageneric level among Vicia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin M Fayek
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reham Hassan Mekky
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo-Suez Road, 11829 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Clarice Noleto Dias
- Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Matthias Kropf
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Gregor Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas G Heiss
- Department for Bioarchaeology, Austrian Archaeological Institute (ÖAI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW), Franz Klein-Gasse 1, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle - Saale, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Fakchich J, Elachouri M. An overview on ethnobotanico-pharmacological studies carried out in Morocco, from 1991 to 2015: Systematic review (part 1). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113200. [PMID: 32750461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The full bibliometric records of data retrieved from ethnobotanical field studies carried out in Morocco (1991-2015) was quali-quantitatively analysed. Despite the importance of traditional medicinal uses in Morocco, any comments about the methodologies and approaches adopted by reviewed studies have been undertaken. Include more data about the importance of traditional medicinal uses in Morocco. AIM OF THE STUDY Three key points were targeted in this review: (i) to contribute to original compilation of medicinal plants traditionally used by people at whole Morocco, by gathering and documenting the current status of these ancestral medical practices, (ii) to provide a novel insight into the relationship between local and biomedical disease concepts in Moroccan society, taking into account health-related beliefs, and their influences on medicinal plant uses, (iii) to figurout the weaknesses and the strengths of the conceptual approches and methods adopted by researchers in ethnobotanical field works. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the help of a computerized database querying, we conducted an extensive literature search respecting our integration criteria. We performed this bibliographic research by using the following search engines available over the Web: Google Scholar, PUBMED, Sciencedirect, Current Content Connect, SCOPUS, SPRINGER LINK, GLOBAL PLANTS, Cochrane Library and SCIRUS. The scientific names listed in the present paper have been validated according to the "The Plant List" and the African Plants Database in order to standardize ethnobotanical data on an international level. For the analysis of data gathered, quali-quantitative analyses have been performed. RESULTS A total of 905 medicinal plant species belonging to 116 families and 726 genera have been selected from 63 published articles. The dominant families were ASTERACEAE (111 species) followed by the FABACEAE (77 species), LAMIACEAE (75 species) and APIACEAE (46 species). The plant species listed are used to cure several public ailments. The digestive ailments represented the most important category (494 species) followed by dermatological diseases (407 species), diabetes (315 species) and urinary diseases (277 species). We assigned the importance of the plant species by several measures (including Frequency Cited (FC), Number of Uses (NU), Number of Respondents (NR) and Index of Performance (IP). The ICF (Informant Consensus Factor) calculated was important in all categories of diseases averaging 47%. CONCLUSION The results obtained, which cover the whole country, delineate the profile of rich wealth of indigenous knowledge on traditional uses of medicinal plants heald by Moroccan society. The total number of 905 plant species listed in this paper, are currently being utilized as medicines and the number is expected to grow as infrastructure allows greater access to unexplored parts of the country. Furthermore, the know how, regarding the plants used, is consistent because the ICF has recorded important values for most diseases treated. Furthermore, in the present paper, we suggested, for authors, some useful recommendations for ethnobotanical field works such as the respect of ethnobotanical standards including checklist of plants with international data base, the deposited voucher specimens, sampling and collection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Fakchich
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics, and Ethnopharmacology, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mostafa Elachouri
- Laboratory of Physiology, Genetics, and Ethnopharmacology, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
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Pharmacological Potential and Chemical Characterization of Bridelia ferruginea Benth.-A Native Tropical African Medicinal Plant. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020223. [PMID: 33672329 PMCID: PMC7926895 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To avail the possible pharmacological actions of Brideliaferruginea Benth., the present investigation was designed to quantitatively analyze the total flavonoid and phenolic contents and assess the various antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties of leaf and stem bark extracts (ethyl acetate, water and methanolic) of B. ferruginea. Anti-proliferative effect was also investigated against human colon cancer cells (HCT116) as well as the antimicrobial potential against multiple bacterial and fungal (yeasts and dermatophytes) strains. The methanolic and water extracts of the stem bark demonstrated the highest phenolic content (193.58 ± 0.98 and 187.84 ± 1.88 mg/g, respectively), while the leaf extracts showed comparatively higher flavonoid contents (24.37-42.31 mg/g). Overall, the methanolic extracts were found to possess the most significant antioxidant potency. Compared to the other extracts, methanolic extracts of the B. ferruginea were revealed to be most potent inhibitors of acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterases, tyrosinase α-amylase, except α-glucosidase. Only the ethyl acetate extracts were found to inhibit glucosidase. Additionally, the stem bark methanolic extract also showed potent inhibitory activity against E. coli and gram-positive bacteria (MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration): 2.48-62.99 µg/mL), as well as all the tested fungi (MIC: 4.96-62.99 µg/mL). In conclusion, B. ferruginea can be regarded as a promising source of bioactive compounds displaying multifunctional pharmacological activities and thus is a potential candidate for further investigations in the endeavor to develop botanical formulations for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries.
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Structurally diverse alkaloids from Buxus sempervirens with cardioprotective activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104753. [PMID: 33652163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extensive phytochemical study of the methanol extract of twigs and leaves of Buxus sempervirens resulted in the identification of 17 Buxus alkaloids, including 12 new ones, namely buxusemines A-L (1-12). Their structures were delineated by detailed analysis of the HRESIMS and NMR data, as well as quantum chemical NMR calculations. Buxusemine A (1) represents the second Buxus alkaloid with a unique spiro[4.6]undecatriene moiety, buxusemines B-C (2-3) are a rarely occurring class of Buxus alkaloids featured with an additional five-membered ring through the ether or lactone linkage between C-10 and C-23, and buxusemines D-F (4-6) are another rare type of Buxus alkaloids with an epoxy motif. In the assessment of their bioactivities, buxusemine F (6) and buxanoldine (17) displayed more potent protective effects than the positive control cyclovirobuxinum D in the doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury model.
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Majeed Ganai A, Khan Pathan T, Hampannavar GA, Pawar C, Obakachi VA, Kushwaha B, Deshwar Kushwaha N, Karpoormath R. Recent Advances on the s‐Triazine Scaffold with Emphasis on Synthesis, Structure‐Activity and Pharmacological Aspects: A Concise Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ab Majeed Ganai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Tabasum Khan Pathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Girish A. Hampannavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry K.L.E.U's College of Pharmacy Vidyanagar, Hubli 580031, Karnataka India
| | - Chandrakant Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Vincent A. Obakachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Babita Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Narva Deshwar Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
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Fukutomi R, Ohishi T, Koyama Y, Pervin M, Nakamura Y, Isemura M. Beneficial Effects of Epigallocatechin-3- O-Gallate, Chlorogenic Acid, Resveratrol, and Curcumin on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:E415. [PMID: 33466849 PMCID: PMC7829779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many observational and clinical studies have shown that consumption of diets rich in plant polyphenols have beneficial effects on various diseases such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Animal and cellular studies have indicated that these polyphenolic compounds contribute to such effects. The representative polyphenols are epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate in tea, chlorogenic acids in coffee, resveratrol in wine, and curcumin in curry. The results of human studies have suggested the beneficial effects of consumption of these foods on NDDs including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and cellular animal experiments have provided molecular basis to indicate contribution of these representative polyphenols to these effects. This article provides updated information on the effects of these foods and their polyphenols on NDDs with discussions on mechanistic aspects of their actions mainly based on the findings derived from basic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuuta Fukutomi
- Quality Management Division, Higuchi Inc. Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan;
| | - Yu Koyama
- Shizuoka Eiwa Gakuin University Junior College, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8545, Japan;
| | - Monira Pervin
- Tea Science Research Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.P.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoriyuki Nakamura
- Tea Science Research Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.P.); (Y.N.)
| | - Mamoru Isemura
- Tea Science Research Center, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan; (M.P.); (Y.N.)
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Kocanci F, Aslim B. Chemical composition and neurotherapeutic potential of Glaucium corniculatum extracts. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_348_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Majid H, Silva FV. Improvement of butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition and medicinal properties of extracts of Aristotelia serrata leaves by ultrasound extraction. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Salehi B, Abu-Reidah IM, Sharopov F, Karazhan N, Sharifi-Rad J, Akram M, Daniyal M, Khan FS, Abbaass W, Zainab R, Carbone K, Fahmy NM, Al-Sayed E, El-Shazly M, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Santini A, Martorell M, Pezzani R. Vicia plants-A comprehensive review on chemical composition and phytopharmacology. Phytother Res 2020; 35:790-809. [PMID: 32930444 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The plants belonging to the genus Vicia are of great interest as a source of many bioactive compounds and micronutrients. A snapshot of their cultivation, habitat, main components, from which essential oils can be obtained, is given. The traditional medicinal uses of Vicia plants are also reported, as well as the wide spectrum of the main biological activities attributed to Vicia plants is discussed regarding potential health beneficial properties, in particular anti-Parkinson, anticholinesterase, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antinociceptive, antidiabetic, antihemolytic, anticoagulant, estrogenic, diuretic, antihypoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Ibrahim M Abu-Reidah
- Department of Environmental Science/Boreal Ecosystem Research Initiative, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Natallia Karazhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Faculty of the EE VSMU, Vitebsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Fahad Said Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Wafa Abbaass
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Katya Carbone
- CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Rome, Italy
| | - Nouran M Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile.,Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), OU Endocrinology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, Padova, Italy
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Nwanna EE, Oyeleye SI, Oboh G. Editan (Lasianthera africana) leaf-inclusive diets modulate some neuronal enzyme activities and antioxidant status of cyclophosphamide-treated Wistar rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13427. [PMID: 32779754 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Editan (Lasianthera africana) leaf inclusive diet (ELD) on neuronal cholinesterases (ChE), ecto-5'-nucleotidase, and endogenous antioxidant indices [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH)] in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-administered albino rats were investigated. Thirty male albino Wistar rats were dissevered appropriately (n = 6). Group I-normal control rats (NC), II-untreated CYP-administered rats, III-CYP-administered rats pre-treated with donepezil (DON), group IV-CYP-administered rats fed ELD, and V-normal rats fed with ELD for 21 days. Results obtained revealed that CYP-administered rats significantly (p < .05) had elevated activities of ChE, ecto-5'-nucleotidase and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), and concomitantly decreased in the antioxidant indices. However, pre-treatment with either DON or ELD reversed these effects, thereby eliciting a therapeutic effect which could be linked to the rich polyphenol and alkaloid constituents in the studied leaf, and could be responsible for the potential ethnopharmacological actions of the ELD in the management neurodegeneration. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Currently, the use of plant-food to control diseased conditions due to their phytochemicals has been explored, most especially, the indigenous edible vegetables from the Southwestern part of Nigeria. "Editan" leafy vegetable scientifically known as Lasianthera africana is commonly used in soups preparation and in folklore for the management of some human ailments. Editan leaf is a rich source of alkaloid and phenolic compounds, which could be used to treat and or manage neurological diseases. This study, therefore, unravels the fact that the studied leafy vegetable possesses therapeutic potentials toward the management of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Emem Nwanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Idowu Oyeleye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Kumar V, Saha A, Roy K. In silico modeling for dual inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes in Alzheimer's disease. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 88:107355. [PMID: 32801088 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we have implemented two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) modeling using two different datasets, namely, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme inhibitors. A third dataset has been derived based on their selectivity and used for the development of partial least squares (PLS) based regression models. The developed models were extensively validated using various internal and external validation parameters. The features appearing in the model against AChE enzyme suggest that a small ring size, higher number of -CH2- groups, higher number of secondary aromatic amines and higher number of aromatic ketone groups may contribute to the inhibitory activity. The features obtained from the model against BuChE enzyme suggest that the sum of topological distances between two nitrogen atoms, higher number of fragments X-C(=X)-X, higher number of secondary aromatic amides, fragment R--CR-X may be more favorable for inhibition. The features obtained from selectivity based model suggest that the number of aromatic ethers, unsaturation content relative to the molecular size and molecular shape may be more specific for the inhibition of the AChE enzyme in comparison to the BuChE enzyme. Moreover, we have implemented the molecular docking studies using the most and least active molecules from the datasets in order to identify the binding pattern between ligand and target enzyme. The obtained information is then correlated with the essential structural features associated with the 2D-QSAR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A P C Road, Kolkata 700 009, India
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Zhang R, Guo Q, Kennelly EJ, Long C, Chai X. Diverse alkaloids and biological activities of Fumaria (Papaveraceae): An ethnomedicinal group. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104697. [PMID: 32739338 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fumaria species, commonly known as fumitory or earth smoke, are considered weeds in many regions. However, several Fumaria species have long been used in folk medicine, such as F. capreolata L., F. densiflora DC., F. indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley, F. officinalis L., F. parviflora Lam., and F. vaillantii Loisel. as well. The ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of 24 Fumaria species have been investigated. Phytochemical studies on Fumaria species revealed the presence of numerous alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. Phthalideisoquinolines (PTIs), protoberberines, and spirobenzylisoquinolines (SBIs) are the major alkaloids in the genus Fumaria. The plants biosynthesize a diverse group of biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids, and these may help to explain the use of various Fumaria species in folk medicine. Pharmacological studies revealed a broad spectrum of bioactivities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. We found 159 articles published from 1969-2019 by searching the keyword "Fumaria" using databases such as SciFinder, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Based on our reading of these papers, Fumaria species appear to be a source of bioactive isoquinoline alkaloids and ethnomedicines. The lack of studies on pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, quality control, and toxicology are discussed in this review. There is great potential for broader medicinal applications of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Edward J Kennelly
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; PhD Program in Biology, Biochemistry, and Chemistry, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xingyun Chai
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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In Vitro Screening for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of Quercus suber Cork and Corkback Extracts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3825629. [PMID: 32765630 PMCID: PMC7387968 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3825629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are used to treat Alzheimer's patients because they enhance cholinergic neurotransmission. It is urgent to find new and efficient inhibitors from natural sources, highly bioavailable with low or no toxicity. The plant kingdom is extremely rich in a variety of compounds that are potent AChE inhibitors: flavonoids and other phenolic compounds have been recognized as promising Alzheimer's treatment agents. In this study, in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant activities, and total flavonoid and phenolic contents of ethanol-water extracts from Quercus suber cork and corkback were evaluated. Methods The acetylcholinesterase activity was determined by a colorimetric assay based on Ellman's methodology. The Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method was used for total phenolic content determination and the aluminium chloride method for the determination of total flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity assays were performed using the DPPH and FRAP assays. Results The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity from Q. suber cork and corkback ethanol-water extracts was as follows: 62% inhibition with corkback extracts over 0.5 mg/mL and around 49% inhibition in cork extracts over 1.0 mg/mL extracts' concentration. Regarding the DPPH radical scavenging activity, the concentrations of cork and corkback ethanol-water extracts required for 50% DPPH inhibition (IC50) were 3.2 μg/mL and 4.0–5.2 μg/mL. Corkback extracts are less effective than Trolox standard (3.2 μg/mL) but cork extracts showed the same free radical scavenging activity compared to Trolox. Cork and corkback extracts have antioxidant power of 750.9–775.4 mg TEAC/g extract and 1051.2–2052.4 mg TEAC/g extract, respectively, which are significantly higher than the ones obtained with Trolox: 19.6–21.0 mg TEAC/g extract (cork assays) and 57.4–66.3 mg TEAC/g extract (corkback assays). The amounts of total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) compounds were 8.7–32.3 mg GAE/g and 4.8–10.7 mg CE/g dry mass for cork and 5.4–5.7 mg GAE/g and 42.5 mg CE/g dry mass for corkback extracts, respectively, using catechin (CE) and GAE (gallic acid) as standards. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the remarkable potential of these extracts as valuable source of antioxidants with interesting acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity.
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Chemical composition and anticholinesterase inhibitory activity of Pavetta graciliflora Wall. ex Ridl. essential oil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 75:467-471. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemical composition and anticholinesterase activity of the essential oil of Pavetta graciliflora Wall. ex Ridl. (Rubiaceae) was examined for the first time. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and was fully characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 20 components were identified in the essential oil, which made up 92.85% of the total oil. The essential oil is composed mainly of β-caryophyllene (42.52%), caryophyllene oxide (25.33%), β-pinene (8.67%), and α-pinene (6.52%). The essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (I%: 62.5%) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (I%: 65.4%) assays. Our findings were shown to be very useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of the essential oil from P. graciliflora.
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Hwang H, Kim YJ, Shin Y. Assessment of Physicochemical Quality, Antioxidant Content and Activity, and Inhibition of Cholinesterase between Unripe and Ripe Blueberry Fruit. Foods 2020; 9:foods9060690. [PMID: 32466569 PMCID: PMC7353561 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Five Korean blueberries (''Nelson'', ''Duke '', ''Bluejay '', ''Toro'', and ''Elliot '') were harvested at two maturity stages (unripe and ripe) to evaluate fruit quality and antioxidant activities. The Hunter L, a, and b color of ripe blueberries was lower than that of unripe fruit. Soluble solid concentration (SSC) and pH increased, and titratable acidity (TA) and firmness decreased as the blueberries matured. The ripe blueberry fruits showed a higher SSC/TA ratio than the unripe fruits. Although total anthocyanin, flavonoids, phenolics content, and antioxidant activity were higher in ripe blueberries than in unripe fruit, the unripe fruit had higher acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition activities than ripe fruit in all cultivars. Total antioxidant activity was highly correlated with total flavonoids and phenolics. The relationships between the total antioxidant activity and the AChE or BChE inhibitory activity are negative. There were several physicochemical quality and antioxidant activity differences in blueberries, depending on the cultivar and the maturity at harvest. Unripe fruits also contain potential health-promoting bioactive compounds as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesung Hwang
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea;
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.K.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3562 (Y.S.)
| | - Youngjae Shin
- Department of Food Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.K.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3562 (Y.S.)
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Kim SS, Shin Y. Antibacterial and in vitro antidementia effects of aronia ( Aronia melanocarpa) leaf extracts. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1295-1300. [PMID: 32802569 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antibacterial and in vitro antidementia effects of aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) leaf extracts from 3 cultivars (Nero, Viking, and McKenzie) collected at three different stages of maturity (young, harvest, and old). Bacillus cereus was susceptible to the old leaves of cultivars McKenzie and Nero, whereas Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria innocua were not inhibited by any of the extracts. Growth of B. cereus was inhibited by cv. McKenzie, resulting in increased lag time, whereas Nero had both an inhibitory and an inactivation effect. Except for cv. Viking at harvest stage, the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of aronia leaf extracts were about 60-70 and 70-80%, respectively. Therefore, aronia leaf is a natural resource with a potentially potent antidementia effect, besides antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soon Kim
- Department of Food Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Shin
- Department of Food Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Republic of Korea
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Woo Y, Lim JS, Oh J, Lee JS, Kim JS. Neuroprotective Effects of Euonymus alatus Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050449. [PMID: 32456069 PMCID: PMC7278771 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Euonymus alatus is considered to elicit various beneficial effects against cancer, hyperglycemia, menstrual discomfort, diabetic complications, and detoxification. The young leaves of this plant are exploited as food and also utilized for traditional medicine in East Asian countries, including Korea and China. Our preliminary study demonstrated that ethanolic extract from the Euonymus alatus leaf (EAE) exhibited the strongest antioxidant enzyme-inducing activity among more than 100 kinds of edible tree leaf extracts. This study investigated whether EAE could attenuate the cognitive deficits caused by oxidative stress in mice. Oral intubation of EAE at 100 mg/kg bw or higher resulted in significant improvements to the memory and behavioral impairment induced via i.p. injection of scopolamine. Furthermore, EAE enhanced the expression levels of hippocampal neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor in mice, activated the Nrf2, and the downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) a quintessential antioxidant enzyme. As rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinose) was abundantly present in EAE and free quercetin was able to induce defensive antioxidant enzymes in an Nrf2-dependent manner, our findings suggested that quercetin derived from rutin via the intestinal microflora played a significant role in the protection of the mouse hippocampus from scopolamine-induced damage through BDNF-mediated Nrf2 activation, thereby dampening cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Woo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Lim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Lee
- Forest Resources Development Institute of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Andong 36605, Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Raafat KM, El-Zahaby SA. Niosomes of active Fumaria officinalis phytochemicals: antidiabetic, antineuropathic, anti-inflammatory, and possible mechanisms of action. Chin Med 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-020-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fumaria officinalis (F. officinalis, FO) has been used in many inflammatory and painful-ailments. The main aim of this work is to perform an in-depth bio-guided phytochemical investigation of F. officinalis by identifying its main-active ingredients. Optimizing pharmacokinetics via niosomal-preparation will also be done to enhance their in vivo antineuropathic and anti-inflammatory potentials, and to explore their possible-mechanism of actions.
Methods
Bio-guided phytochemical-investigations including fractionation, isolation, chromatographic-standardization, and identification of the most active compound(s) were done. Optimized niosomal formulations of F. officinalis most active compound(s) were prepared and characterized. An in vivo biological-evaluation was done exploring acute, subchronic, and chronic alloxan-induced diabetes and diabetic-neuropathy, and carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory-pain and chronic-inflammatory edema.
Results
In-vivo bio-guided fractionation and chromatographic phytochemical-analysis showed that the alkaloid-rich fraction (ARF) is the most-active fraction. ARF contained two major alkaloids; Stylopine 48.3%, and Sanguinarine 51.6%. In-vitro optimization, analytical, and in vivo biological-investigations showed that the optimized-niosome, Nio-2, was the most optimized niosomal formulation. Nio-2 had particle size 96.56 ± 1.87 nm and worked by improving the pharmacokinetic-properties of ARF developing adequate entrapment-efficiency, rapid-degradation, and acceptable stability in simulated GI conditions. FO, ARF, and Nio 2 were the most potent antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory compounds. The reduction of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and elevation the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels and amelioration of the in vivo oxidative-stress might be the main-mechanism responsible for their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.
Conclusions
Fumaria officinalis most-active fraction was identified as ARF. This study offers an efficient and novel practical oral formulation ameliorating various inflammatory conditions and diabetic complications especially neuropathic-pain.
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