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Choi S, Haam CE, Byeon S, Oh EY, Choi SK, Lee YH. Investigating the Cardiovascular Benefits of Dapagliflozin: Vasodilatory Effect on Isolated Rat Coronary Arteries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16873. [PMID: 38069193 PMCID: PMC10706647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is an antidiabetic medication that reduces blood glucose. Although it is well known that dapagliflozin has additional benefits beyond glycemic control, such as reducing blood pressure and lowering the risk of cardiovascular events, no sufficient research data are available on the direct effect of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular function. Thus, in this study, we investigated the direct vascular effect of dapagliflozin on isolated rat coronary arteries. The left descending coronary arteries of 13-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were cut into segments 2-3 mm long and mounted in a multi-wire myography system to measure isometric tension. Dapagliflozin effectively reduced blood vessel constriction induced by U-46619 (500 nM) in coronary arteries regardless of the endothelium. Treatment with an eNOS inhibitor (L-NNA, 100 μM), sGC inhibitor (ODQ, 5 μM), or COX inhibitor (indomethacin, 3 μM) did not affect the vasodilation induced by dapagliflozin. The application of a Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa) blocker (TEA, 2 mM), voltage-dependent K+ channel (KV) blocker (4-AP, 2 mM), ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker (KATP) glibenclamide (3 μM), and inward-rectifier K+ channel (KIR) blocker (BaCl2, 30 μM) did not affect the dapagliflozin-induced vasodilation either. The treatment with dapagliflozin decreased contractile responses induced by the addition of Ca2+, which suggested that the extracellular Ca2+ influx was inhibited by dapagliflozin. Treatment with dapagliflozin decreased the phosphorylation level of the 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) in vascular smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we found that dapagliflozin has a significant vasodilatory effect on rat coronary arteries. Our findings suggest a novel pharmacologic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients through the modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis via dapagliflozin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (C.E.H.)
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (C.E.H.)
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2
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Ali W, Ali N, Ullah A, Rahman SU, Ahmad S. Pitavastatin and Lovastatin Exhibit Calcium Channel Blocking Activity Which Potentiate Vasorelaxant Effects of Amlodipine: A New Futuristic Dimension in Statin's Pleiotropy. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1805. [PMID: 37893523 PMCID: PMC10608486 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: We have recently reported that Fluvastatin, Atorvastatin, Simvastatin and Rosuvastatin have calcium channel antagonistic activities using rabbits' intestinal preparations. The current study is focused on the effects of Pitavastatin and Lovastatin for possible inhibition of vascular L-Type calcium channels, which may have vasorelaxant effect(s). Combined effects of Pitavastatin and Lovastatin in the presence of Amlodipine were also tested for vasorelaxation. Materials and Methods: Possible relaxing effects of Pitavastatin and Lovastatin on 80 mM Potassium chloride (KCL)-induced contractions and on 1 µM norepinephrine (N.E)-induced contractions were studied in isolated rabbit's aortic strips preparations. Relaxing effects on 80 mM KCL-induced vascular contractions were further verified by constructing Calcium Concentration Response Curves (CCRCs), in the absence and presence of three different concentrations of Pitavastatin and Lovastatin using CCRCs as negative control. Verapamil was used as a standard drug that has L-Type calcium channel binding activity. In other series of experiments, we studied drug interaction(s) among Pitavastatin, Lovastatin, and amlodipine. Results: The results of this study imply that Lovastatin is more potent than Pitavastatin for having comparatively lower EC50 (7.44 × 10-5 ± 0.16 M) in intact and (4.55 × 10-5 ± 0.10 M) in denuded aortae for KCL-induced contractions. Lovastatin amplitudes in intact and denuded aortae for KCL-induced contractions were, respectively, 24% and 35.5%; whereas amplitudes for Pitavastatin in intact and denuded aortae for KCL-induced contractions were 34% and 40%, respectively. A left shift in the EC50 values for the statins was seen when we added amlodipine in EC50 (Log Ca++ M). Right shift for CCRCs state that Pitavastatin and Lovastatin have calcium channel antagonistic effects. Lovastatin in test concentration (6.74 × 10-7 M) produced a right shift in relatively lower EC50 (-2.5 ± 0.10) Log Ca++ M as compared to Pitavastatin, which further confirms that lovastatin is relatively more potent. The right shift in EC50 resembles the right shift of Verapamil. Additive effect of Pitavastatin and Lovastatin was noted in presence of amlodipine (p < 0.05). Conclusions: KCL (80 mM)-induced vascular contractions were relaxed by Pitavastatin and Lovastatin via inhibitory effects on L-Type voltage-gated calcium channels. Lovastatin and Pitavastatin also relaxed Norepinephrine (1 µM)-induced contractions giving an insight for involvement of dual mode of action of Pitavastatin and Lovastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayatabad, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayatabad, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir 18200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (A.U.); (S.U.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Shafiq Ur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir 18200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (A.U.); (S.U.R.); (S.A.)
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir 18200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (A.U.); (S.U.R.); (S.A.)
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Ybañez-Julca RO, Pino-Ríos R, Quispe-Díaz IM, Asunción-Alvarez D, Acuña-Tarrillo EE, Mantilla-Rodríguez E, Minchan-Herrera P, Catalán MA, Zevallos-Escobar L, Vásquez-Corales E, Yáñez O, Gutiérrez-Alvarado WO, Benites J. Antispasmodic Effect of Valeriana pilosa Root Essential Oil and Potential Mechanisms of Action: Ex Vivo and In Silico Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2072. [PMID: 37631286 PMCID: PMC10458982 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infusions of Valeriana pilosa are commonly used in Peruvian folk medicine for treating gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the spasmolytic and antispasmodic effects of Valeriana pilosa essential oil (VPEO) on rat ileum. The basal tone of ileal sections decreased in response to accumulative concentrations of VPEO. Moreover, ileal sections precontracted with acetylcholine (ACh), potassium chloride (KCl), or barium chloride (BaCl2) were relaxed in response to VPEO by a mechanism that depended on atropine, hyoscine butylbromide, solifenacin, and verapamil, but not glibenclamide. The results showed that VPEO produced a relaxant effect by inhibiting muscarinic receptors and blocking calcium channels, with no apparent effect on the opening of potassium channels. In addition, molecular docking was employed to evaluate VPEO constituents that could inhibit intestinal contractile activity. The study showed that α-cubebene, β-patchoulene, β-bourbonene, β-caryophyllene, α-guaiene, γ-muurolene, valencene, eremophyllene, and δ-cadinene displayed the highest docking scores on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and voltage-gated calcium channels, which may antagonize M2 and/or M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and block voltage-gated calcium channels. In summary, VPEO has both spasmolytic and antispasmodic effects. It may block muscarinic receptors and calcium channels, thus providing a scientific basis for its traditional use for gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto O. Ybañez-Julca
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (I.M.Q.-D.); (D.A.-A.); (E.E.A.-T.); (E.M.-R.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Ricardo Pino-Ríos
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile;
- Instituto de Estudios de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
| | - Iván M. Quispe-Díaz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (I.M.Q.-D.); (D.A.-A.); (E.E.A.-T.); (E.M.-R.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Daniel Asunción-Alvarez
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (I.M.Q.-D.); (D.A.-A.); (E.E.A.-T.); (E.M.-R.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Edwin E. Acuña-Tarrillo
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (I.M.Q.-D.); (D.A.-A.); (E.E.A.-T.); (E.M.-R.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Elena Mantilla-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (I.M.Q.-D.); (D.A.-A.); (E.E.A.-T.); (E.M.-R.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Patricia Minchan-Herrera
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo 13011, Peru; (I.M.Q.-D.); (D.A.-A.); (E.E.A.-T.); (E.M.-R.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Marcelo A. Catalán
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Liz Zevallos-Escobar
- Escuela de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Chimbote 02801, Peru; (L.Z.-E.); (E.V.-C.)
| | - Edison Vásquez-Corales
- Escuela de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Chimbote 02801, Peru; (L.Z.-E.); (E.V.-C.)
| | - Osvaldo Yáñez
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Negocios, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago 7500000, Chile;
| | | | - Julio Benites
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile;
- Instituto de Estudios de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile
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Ali N, Ali W, Ullah A, Ahmad S, Alsaiari AA, Almehmadi M, Abdulaziz O, Allahyani M, Aljuaid A. Atorvastatin and Fluvastatin Potentiate Blood Pressure Lowering Effect of Amlodipine through Vasorelaxant Phenomenon. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1023. [PMID: 37374229 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: We have recently reported that stains have calcium channel blocking activity in isolated jejunal preparations. In this study, we examined the effects of atorvastatin and fluvastatin on blood vessels for a possible vasorelaxant effect. We also studied the possible additional vasorelaxant effect of atorvastatin and fluvastatin, in the presence of amlodipine, to quantify its effects on the systolic blood pressure of experimental animals. Materials and Methods: Atorvastatin and fluvastatin were tested in isolated rabbits' aortic strip preparations using 80mM Potassium Chloride (KCl) induced contractions and 1 micro molar Norepinephrine (NE) induced contractions. A positive relaxing effect on 80 mM KCl induced contractions were further confirmed in the absence and presence of atorvastatin and fluvastatin by constructing calcium concentration response curves (CCRCs) while using verapamil as a standard calcium channel blocker. In another series of experiments, hypertension was induced in Wistar rats and different test concentrations of atorvastatin and fluvastatin were administered in their respective EC50 values to the test animals. A fall in their systolic blood pressure was noted using amlodipine as a standard vasorelaxant drug. Results: The results show that fluvastatin is more potent than amlodipine as it relaxed NE induced contractions where the amplitude reached 10% of its control in denuded aortae. Atorvastatin relaxed KCL induced contractions with an amplitude reaching 34.4% of control response as compared to the amlodipine response, i.e., 39.1%. A right shift in the EC50 (Log Ca++ M) of Calcium Concentration Response Curves (CCRCs) implies that statins have calcium channel blocking activity. A right shift in the EC50 of fluvastatin with relatively less EC50 value (-2.8 Log Ca++ M) in the presence of test concentration (1.2 × 10-7 M) of fluvastatin implies that fluvastatin is more potent than atorvastatin. The shift in EC50 resembles the shift of Verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker (-1.41 Log Ca++ M). Conclusions: Atorvastatin and fluvastatin relax the aortic strip preparations predominantly through the inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels in high molar KCL induced contractions. These statins also inhibit the effects of NE induced contractions. The study also confirms that atorvastatin and fluvastatin potentiate blood pressure lowering effects in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajid Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper 18000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sciences Saudi Arabia Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sciences Saudi Arabia Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulaziz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sciences Saudi Arabia Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Allahyani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sciences Saudi Arabia Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Aljuaid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sciences Saudi Arabia Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Gammoh OS, Qnais E, Bseiso Y, Alrosan K, Alqudah A. Evaluation of the antinociceptive effect of valerian and hops combination in experimental animal models: Involvement of the opioid system. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14185. [PMID: 36923827 PMCID: PMC10009721 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a common undertreated worldwide complaint. The need to explore the antinociceptive potential of alternative herbal products is essential. Although used as a mild sedative, limited evidence focused on the potential antinociceptive effect of valerian and hops combination. The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vivo anti-nociceptive effect of the valerian-hops combination to justify its use as an effective and safe analgesic agent. Anti-nociceptive effects of valerian-hops combination (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were assessed in swiss albino mice for performing the acetic acid-induced writhing test, the paw licking test using formalin, the paw licking test using glutamate, and the tail immersion test. The effects were compared to those of diclofenac or morphine in the presence or absence of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. Valerian-hops" extract of 100 and 200 mg/kg demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of writhing episodes induced by acetic acid compared to the control (p < 0.05), a significant reduction in the licking number at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg in the late phase formalin-induced paw licking, significantly reduced the number of lickings after glutamate injection compared to control (p < 0.05). And significantly increased pain reaction after 60 and 90 min of tail immersion test, this effect was opposed by naloxone treatment. The valerian-hops combination produced a significant antinociceptive effect that involved the opioid system. Further studies are required to fully uncover the underlying active constituents and their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Salem Gammoh
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Yousra Bseiso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Khaled Alrosan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Saqib F, AL-Huqail AA, Asma M, Chicea L, Hogea M, Irimie M, Gavris C. Dose-dependent Spasmolytic, Bronchodilator, and Hypotensive Activities of Panicum miliaceum L. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221079592. [PMID: 35360455 PMCID: PMC8961388 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221079592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Panicum miliaceum L. is a medicinally effective plant used in indigenous system of medicine for a variety of ailments. However, there is no comprehensive study explaining its effectiveness in gastrointestinal tract, respiratory, and cardiovascular system ailments. This study was designed to validate the pharmacological basis for the folkloric use of Panicum miliaceum L. in diarrhea, asthma, and hypertension. Panicum miliaceum extract was analyzed to detect the presence of bioactive compounds by HPLC. The isolated rabbit jejunum, trachea, and aorta were used for in vitro experiments using tissue bath assembly coupled with Power Lab data acquisition system to explore their relative effects. In-vivo experiments were performed for anti-diarrheal activity. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, catechin, and quercetin. Concentration dependent activities were observed by relaxing K+ (low) induced contractions having spasmolytic effect with EC50 = .358 ± .052, bronchodilator (EC50 = 2.483 ± .05793), and vasorelaxant (EC50 = .383 ± .063), probably due to the ATP dependent potassium channel activation. It was confirmed through pre-exposure of glibenclamide (specific ATP-dependent K+ channel blocker) having similarities with cromakalim. Pm.Cr revealed its antidiarrheal via in vivo experiments on rats. This study indicates that Panicum miliaceum has antidiarrheal, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, and vasorelaxant activities probably due to the ATP dependent K+ channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Saqib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Memona Asma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Liana Chicea
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania
| | - Mircea Hogea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
| | - Marius Irimie
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
| | - Claudia Gavris
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania
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Rehman NU, Ansari MN, Samad A, Ahmad W. In Silico and Ex Vivo Studies on the Spasmolytic Activities of Fenchone Using Isolated Guinea Pig Trachea. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041360. [PMID: 35209147 PMCID: PMC8876211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenchone is a bicyclic monoterpene found in a variety of aromatic plants, including Foeniculum vulgare and Peumus boldus, and is used in the management of airways disorders. This study aimed to explore the bronchodilator effect of fenchone using guinea pig tracheal muscles as an ex vivo model and in silico studies. A concentration-mediated tracheal relaxant effect of fenchone was evaluated using isolated guinea pig trachea mounted in an organ bath provided with physiological conditions. Sustained contractions were achieved using low K+ (25 mM), high K+ (80 mM), and carbamylcholine (CCh; 1 µM), and fenchone inhibitory concentration–response curves (CRCs) were obtained against these contractions. Fenchone selectively inhibited with higher potency contractions evoked by low K+ compared to high K+ with resultant EC50 values of 0.62 mg/mL (0.58–0.72; n = 5) and 6.44 mg/mL (5.86–7.32; n = 5), respectively. Verapamil (VRP) inhibited both low and high K+ contractions at similar concentrations. Pre-incubation of the tracheal tissues with K+ channel blockers such as glibenclamide (Gb), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and tetraethylammonium (TEA) significantly shifted the inhibitory CRCs of fenchone to the right towards higher doses. Fenchone also inhibited CCh-mediated contractions at comparable potency to its effect against high K+ [6.28 mg/mL (5.88–6.42, n = 4); CCh] and [6.44 mg/mL (5.86–7.32; n = 5); high K+]. A similar pattern was obtained with papaverine (PPV), a phosphodiesterase (PDE), and Ca2+ inhibitor which inhibited both CCh and high K+ at similar concentrations [10.46 µM (9.82–11.22, n = 4); CCh] and [10.28 µM (9.18–11.36; n = 5); high K+]. However, verapamil, a standard Ca2+ channel blocker, showed selectively higher potency against high K+ compared to CCh-mediated contractions with respective EC50 values of 0.84 mg/mL (0.82–0.96; n = 5) 14.46 mg/mL (12.24–16.38, n = 4). The PDE-inhibitory action of fenchone was further confirmed when its pre-incubation at 3 and 5 mg/mL potentiated and shifted the isoprenaline inhibitory CRCs towards the left, similar to papaverine, whereas the Ca2+ inhibitory-like action of fenchone pretreated tracheal tissues were authenticated by the rightward shift of Ca2+ CRCs with suppression of maximum response, similar to verapamil, a standard Ca2+ channel blocker. Fenchone showed a spasmolytic effect in isolated trachea mediated predominantly by K+ channel activation followed by dual inhibition of PDE and Ca2+ channels. Further in silico molecular docking studies provided the insight for binding of fenchone with Ca2+ channel (−5.3 kcal/mol) and K+ channel (−5.7), which also endorsed the idea of dual inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (M.N.A.); Tel.: +966-11-5886-035 (N.U.R.); +966-11-5886-037 (M.N.A.)
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.U.R.); (M.N.A.); Tel.: +966-11-5886-035 (N.U.R.); +966-11-5886-037 (M.N.A.)
| | - Abdul Samad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N, Yadav SR, Shah K, Chauhan NS. Plants Used as Antihypertensive. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:155-184. [PMID: 33174095 PMCID: PMC7981375 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a critical health problem and worse other cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly of two types: Primary or essential hypertension and Secondary hypertension. Hypertension is the primary possibility feature for coronary heart disease, stroke and renal vascular disease. Herbal medicines have been used for millions of years for the management and treatment of hypertension with minimum side effects. Over aim to write this review is to collect information on the anti-hypertensive effects of natural herbs in animal studies and human involvement as well as to recapitulate the underlying mechanisms, from the bottom of cell culture and ex-vivo tissue data. According to WHO, natural herbs/shrubs are widely used in increasing order to treat almost all the ailments of the human body. Plants are the regular industrial units for the invention of chemical constituents, they used as immunity booster to enhance the natural capacity of the body to fight against different health problems as well as herbal medicines and food products also. Eighty percent population of the world (around 5.6 billion people) consume medicines from natural plants for major health concerns. This review provides a bird's eye analysis primarily on the traditional utilization, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological values of medicinal herbs used to normalize hypertension i.e. Hibiscus sabdariffa, Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Apium graveolens, Bidenspilosa, Camellia sinensis, Coptis chinensis, Coriandrum sativum, Crataegus spp., Crocus sativus, Cymbopogon citrates, Nigella sativa, Panax ginseng,Salviaemiltiorrhizae, Zingiber officinale, Tribulus terrestris, Rauwolfiaserpentina, Terminalia arjuna etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jwalamukhi, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab India
| | - Shyam Raj Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, S.P. Jain College (Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara), Sasaram, Bihar India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, NH#2, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406 India
| | - Nagendra Singh Chauhan
- Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra, 1st Floor Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital Building, Govt. Ayurvedic College Campus G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
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Coptisine, a protoberberine alkaloid, relaxes mouse airway smooth muscle via blockade of VDLCCs and NSCCs. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222118. [PMID: 32095824 PMCID: PMC7042126 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Recently, effective and purified ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were extracted to play crucial roles in the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Our previous research focused on TCM drug screening aimed at abnormal airway muscle contraction during respiratory diseases. Coptisine, an effective ingredient extracted from bitter herbs has shown a series of antioxidant, antibacterial, cardioprotective and neuroprotective pharmacological properties. In the current study, we questioned whether coptisine could also participate in asthma treatment through relaxing abnormal contracted mouse airway smooth muscle (ASM). The present study aimed to characterize the relaxant effects of coptisine on mouse ASM and uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: To investigate the role of coptisine on pre-contracted mouse ASM, a series of biological techniques, including force measurement and patch-clamp experiments were employed. Results: Coptisine was found to inhibit high K+ or acetylcholine chloride (ACh)-induced pre-contracted mouse tracheal rings in a dose-dependent manner. Further research demonstrated that the coptisine-induced mouse ASM relaxation was mediated by alteration of calcium mobilization via voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels (VDLCCs) and non-selective cation channels (NSCCs). Conclusion: Our data showed that mouse ASM could be relaxed by coptisine via altering the intracellular Ca2+ concentration through blocking VDLCCs and NSCCs, which suggested that this pharmacological active constituent might be classified as a potential new drug for the treatment of abnormal airway muscle contraction.
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Teves MR, Matera S, Consolini AE, Wendel GH. Effect of the leaves aqueous extract of Jodina rhombifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Reissek (Santalaceae) on intestinal function and its acute toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113205. [PMID: 32739567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Argentine traditional medicine it is recorded the use of Jodina rhombifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Reissek (Santalaceae) leaves for treating various affections that compromise the intestinal normal functioning. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to assess the effect of J. rhombifolia leaves lyophilized aqueous extract on the intestinal function by means of in vivo and ex vivo experimental assays for determinate the antidiarrheal and antispasmodic capacity. Furthermore, was to evaluate its acute toxicity potential by oral and intraperitoneal administration of extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo assays were conducted by the experimental techniques of intestinal transit in mice, intestinal fluid accumulation in rats and Castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. In the ex vivo assays, isolated rat duodenum and ileum segments were used for to evaluate the antispasmodic activity through contractile concentration-response curves induced by Carbachol and CaCl2. The acute toxicity of the extract was also investigated by oral and intraperitoneal administration. RESULTS The extract intraperitoneal administration at the doses 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, caused a marked reduction in the normal intestinal transit and in the number of diarrheal episodes in a dose-dependent manner. However, the extract did not produce significant changes in the intestinal fluid accumulation with any of the tested dose. The extract demonstrated a non-competitive inhibitory effect on the contractions of intestinal smooth muscle experimentally provoked by the spasmogenic agents Carbachol and CaCl2 in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 10.57 ± 1.38 and 6.29 ± 1.54 mg extract/ml Tyrode solution in the isolated organ bath, respectively). ANOVA indicated a significative effect of treatment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The scientific evidence achieved based in the used experimental models allows us to indicate that J. rhombifolia leaves lyophilized aqueous extract manifest an antispasmodic activity on intestinal smooth muscle without observation of apparent toxicity symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Roberto Teves
- Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700, San Luis, Argentina.
| | - Soledad Matera
- Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alicia Elvira Consolini
- Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela Haydée Wendel
- Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
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El-Ouady F, Eddouks M. Asteriscus graveolens exhibits Antihypertensive Activity through Activation of Vascular KATP Channels Activation in Rats. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 20:736-744. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191016100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of Asteriscus
graveolens.
Methods:
L-NAME hypertensive and normotensive rats have received orally the aqueous extract of
Asteriscus graveolens aerial parts (AGAPE) (100 mg/kg) during six hours for the acute experiment and
during seven days for the sub-chronic treatment. Thereafter, blood pressure parameters were evaluated.
Concerning the in vitro investigation, the vasorelaxant effect of AGAPE was tested in isolated thoracic
aortic rings.
Results:
AGAPE extract significantly decreased the blood pressure parameters in hypertensive rats.
Moreover, the results revealed that AGAPE exhibited antihypertensive effect through its vasorelaxant
properties. More interestingly, this vasorelaxant activity seems to be probably mediated through activation
of K+ ATP-sensitive (KATP) channels.
Conclusion:
The study demonstrates the antihypertensive activity of aqueous Asteriscus graveolens
extract in hypertensive rats through activation of vascular KATP channels. This finding supports the use
of this plant for the management of hypertension in Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa El-Ouady
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000 Errachidia, Morocco
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Arias-Durán L, Estrada-Soto S, Hernández-Morales M, Chávez-Silva F, Navarrete-Vázquez G, León-Rivera I, Perea-Arango I, Villalobos-Molina R, Ibarra-Barajas M. Tracheal relaxation through calcium channel blockade of Achillea millefolium hexanic extract and its main bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112643. [PMID: 32035218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) is used for the treatment of respiratory diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. AIM to explore its tracheal relaxant properties and clarify its functional mechanism of action on smooth muscle cells, which allow us to propose it as a potential anti-asthmatic drug. MATERIAL AND METHODS organic and hydro-alcoholic extracts from A. millefolium were obtained by macerations, then their relaxing effect on ex vivo isolated rat trachea rings was determined. Most active extract (hexanic extract, EHAm) was studied to determine its functional mechanism of action using synergic, antagonist and inhibitor agents related with the contraction/relaxation process of the smooth muscle. Also, EHAm was subjected to bio-guided fractionation by open-column chromatography (on silica gel) using cyclohexane-EtOAc (80:20) in an isocratic way to isolate main bioactive compounds. RESULTS organic and hydro-alcoholic extracts showed relaxant effect in a concentration-response dependent manner, being EHAm the most active. The functional mechanism of action indicates that EHAm induced a non-competitive antagonism to the muscarinic receptors ; in addition, the NO/cGMP pathway is involved in the relaxation process of the tracheal smooth muscle. However, the most important mechanism of action showed by EHAm was related with the calcium channel blockade influx into the smooth muscle cells. On the other hand, epimeric sesquiterpene lactones leucodin (1) and achillin (2) were isolated and purified, which are responsible for the observed smooth muscle relaxant activity of the extract. CONCLUSION hexanic extract of A. millefollium induced a significant relaxant effect on tracheal rat rings by calcium channel blockade and NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Arias-Durán
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico.
| | | | - Fabiola Chávez-Silva
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Ismael León-Rivera
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Irene Perea-Arango
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
| | - Maximiliano Ibarra-Barajas
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, Mexico
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Gomathy N, Dhanasekar KR, Trayambak D, Amirtha R. Supportive therapy for dysmenorrhea: Time to look beyond mefenamic acid in primary care. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3487-3491. [PMID: 31803641 PMCID: PMC6881953 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_717_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is a recurrent and chronic primary health care issue. Mefenamic acid and NSAID based therapy regimens have unwanted side effects on its long-term usage. NSAIDs reduce pain, albeit they do not address the enhanced pain sensitivity and other neuronal symptoms of dysmenorrhea. Hence, there is a need for supportive therapy which can target both pelvic pain and the neuronal symptoms. Historically, European medicinal plants and their extracts such as, valeriana officinalis, humulus lupulus, and passiflora incarnata have been used in menstrual disorders for centuries. The current review is focused on the available evidence for its use as monotherapy or as supportive therapy in combination with other conventional medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachimuthu Gomathy
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Women's Health, The Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Dutta Trayambak
- Department of Medical and Scientific Affairs, Tablets India Ltd. Chennai, India
| | - Rajasekar Amirtha
- Department of Medical and Scientific Affairs, Tablets India Ltd. Chennai, India
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El-Ouady F, Eddouks M. Warionia saharae induces antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activities through nitric oxide and KATP channels pathways in rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2019-0024/jcim-2019-0024.xml. [PMID: 31348761 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Warionia saharae Bentham & Cosson. is used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases including hypertension. Method The present study was designed to investigate the antihypertensive activity of aqueous extract of Warionia saharae (WSLAE) in anesthetized L-NAME (Nω-L-arginine methyl ester)-induced rats. The acute and sub-chronic effects of WSLAE on systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were investigated after oral administration of the extract (100 mg/kg body weight of WSLAE) during 6 h for the acute experiment and during 7 days for the sub-chronic test. In addition the effect of WSLAE on the contractile response of isolated rat aortic rings was tested and the role of the vascular receptors was evaluated using several drugs. Results The results showed that WSLAE induced a significant decrease in the systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressure and HR in both normotensive and hypertensive rats. Furthermore, this extract induced relaxation in rings pre-contracted with Epinephrine (10 µM) or with KCl (100 mM). This vasorelaxant capacity seems to be mediated through inhibition of KATP channels and nitric oxide (NO) synthase pathways. Conclusion This study supports the use of Warionia saharae in the management of hypertension in Moroccan traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadwa El-Ouady
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, BP 21, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, BP 509, Boutalamine, BP 21, Errachidia, 52000, Morocco
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Sánchez-Recillas A, Rivero-Medina L, Ortiz-Andrade R, Araujo-León JA, Flores-Guido JS. Airway smooth muscle relaxant activity of Cordia dodecandra A. DC. mainly by cAMP increase and calcium channel blockade. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 229:280-287. [PMID: 30342193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The fight against chronic respiratory diseases needs the exploration of new active compounds with properties that contribute to diminish the symptoms or resolve the disease alongside current therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight extracts obtained from the bark and leaves of a Mayan medicinal plant used to treat asthma, Cordia dodecandra A. DC., were investigated for their relaxant effect on rat isolated tracheal rings pre-contracted with carbachol [1 µM]. The underlying functional mode of action of the most effective extract was assessed and the chromatographic fingerprints of more active extracts were analyzed. RESULTS The dichloromethane bark extract (DECd-b) was the most effective and potent (Emax= 87.57 ± 1.32 %; EC50 = 392.7 ± 5.18 µg/mL). DECd-b relaxant effect was maximized in presence of isoproterenol (β-adrenergic agonist, [10 µM]) and theophylline (phosphodiesterase unspecific inhibitor, [10 µM]). DECd-b also showed efficient relaxation of KCl [80 mM]-induced contraction and inhibition of CaCl2-induced contraction. Pre-incubation with propranolol (non-selective β-adrenergic antagonist, [10 µM]), SQ22536 (adenylyl cyclase inhibitor; [100 µM]), ODQ (guanylyl cyclase inhibitor; [10 µM]), l-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; [10 µM]), indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase unspecific inhibitor; [10 µM]), glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker; [10 µM]) and 2-aminopyridine (voltage-gated potassium channel blocker [100 µM]) did not modify the DECd-b relaxant-effect curve. The chromatographic analysis of DECd-b suggests the cordiaquinones presence with double conjugated bounds such as menaquinone. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that DECd-b induces relaxation mainly by cAMP increase and Ca2+ channel blockade. The chromatographic profiles and UV spectrum of DECd-b and HECd-l suggest the presence of molecules with structure of meroterpenoid naphthoquinones. This work report scientific evidence of C. dodecandra medicinal specie, which contributes to the pharmacological and phytochemical background of C. dodecandra providing an added value to the traditional use of this specie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sánchez-Recillas
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 613 x calle 90, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Laura Rivero-Medina
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 613 x calle 90, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Rolffy Ortiz-Andrade
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 613 x calle 90, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Jesus Alfredo Araujo-León
- Laboratorio de Cromatografía, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 613 x calle 90, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - J Salvador Flores-Guido
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Jugran AK, Rawat S, Bhatt ID, Rawal RS. Valeriana jatamansi: An herbaceous plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytother Res 2019; 33:482-503. [PMID: 30663144 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Valeriana jatamansi Jones (Family: Caprifoliaceae), a high value medicinal plant, was distributed in many countries of Asia. The species possesses important valepotriates and is a good source of flavones or flavone glycosides, lignans, sesquiterpenoids or sesquiterpenoid glycoside, bakkenolide type sesquiterpenoids, phenolic compounds, terpinoids, etc. The use of the species in traditional and modern medicines is well known. For instance, V. jatamansi is very important for its insect repelling and antihelmethic properties. Similarly, sedative, neurotoxic, cytotoxic, antidepressant, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the species in various ailments in the indigenous system of medicine, particularly in Asia, are reported. This review focuses on the detailed phytochemical composition, medicinal uses, and pharmacological properties of V. jatamansi along with analysis of botanical errors in published literature and reproducibility of the biomedical researches on this multipurpose herbaceous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Jugran
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Garhwal Regional Centre, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management (CBCM), G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management (CBCM), G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranbeer S Rawal
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management (CBCM), G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
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Li H, Qu Y, Zhang J, Zhang J, Gao W. Spasmolytic activity of Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum extract on gastrointestinal motility involves muscarinic receptors, calcium channels and NO release. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:559-566. [PMID: 31070538 PMCID: PMC6292371 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1492000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum (ALR), the dry rhizome of Aquilaria agallocha R. (Thymelaeaeeae), has been widely used to treat emesis, stomachache and gastrointestinal dysfunction. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the effects of ALR methanol extract on gastrointestinal motility (GIM) and possible mechanisms of the action involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, the study evaluated the effects of ALR (200-800 mg/kg) on gastric emptying and small intestinal motility in normal and neostigmine-induced adult KM mice. The in vitro effects of ALR (0.2-1.6 mg/mL) on GIM were performed on isolated jejunum of Wistar rats, pretreated with acetylcholine (ACh), KCl, CaCl2, and pre-incubation with l-NAME (a selective inhibitor of the nitric oxide synthase). RESULTS In vivo, ALR (800 mg/kg) decreased gastric emptying (70.82 ± 9.81%, p < 0.01, compared with neostigmine group 91.40 ± 7.81%), small intestinal transit (42.82 ± 3.82%, p < 0.01, compared with neostigmine group 85.53 ± 5.57%). In vitro, ALR concentration dependently decreased the contractions induced by ACh (10-5 M) and KCl (60 mM) with respective EC50 values of 0.35 and 0.32 mg/mL. The Ca2+ concentration-response curves were shifted by ALR to the right, similar to that caused by verapamil (the positive). The spasmolytic activity of ALR was inhibited by pre-incubation with l-NAME. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ALR played a spasmolytic role in GIM, which is probably mediated through inhibition of muscarinic receptors, blockade of Ca2+ influx and NO release. This is the first study presenting a comprehensive description of the effects of ALR on GIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Special Drugs R&D Center of People’s Armed Police Forces, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfei Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Special Drugs R&D Center of People’s Armed Police Forces, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Special Drugs R&D Center of People’s Armed Police Forces, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Special Drugs R&D Center of People’s Armed Police Forces, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- CONTACT Jingze Zhang Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin300162, China; Wenyuan Gao School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- CONTACT Jingze Zhang Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin300162, China; Wenyuan Gao School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin300072, China
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Yang X, Xue L, Zhao Q, Cai C, Liu QH, Shen J. Nelumbo nucifera leaves extracts inhibit mouse airway smooth muscle contraction. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:159. [PMID: 28320373 PMCID: PMC5359798 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Alkaloids extracted from lotus leaves (AELL) can relax vascular smooth muscle. However, whether AELL has a similar relaxant role on airway smooth muscle (ASM) remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the relaxant property of AELL on ASM and the underlying mechanism. Methods Alkaloids were extracted from dried lotus leaves using the high temperature rotary evaporation extraction method. The effects of AELL on mouse ASM tension were studied using force measuring and patch-clamp techniques. Results It was found that AELL inhibited the high K+ or acetylcholine chloride (ACh)-induced precontraction of mouse tracheal rings by 64.8 ± 2.9%, or 48.8 ± 4.7%, respectively. The inhibition was statistically significant and performed in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, AELL-induced smooth muscle relaxation was partially mediated by blocking voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) and non-selective cation channels (NSCC). Conclusion AELL, which plays a relaxant role in ASM, might be a new complementary treatment to treat abnormal contractions of the trachea and asthma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1674-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ganta KK, Mandal A, Debnath S, Hazra B, Chaubey B. Anti-HCV Activity from Semi-purified Methanolic Root Extracts of Valeriana wallichii. Phytother Res 2017; 31:433-440. [PMID: 28078810 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a serious global health problem affecting approximately 130-150 million individuals. Presently available direct-acting anti-HCV drugs have higher barriers to resistance and also improved success rate; however, cost concerns limit their utilization, especially in developing countries like India. Therefore, development of additional agents to combat HCV infection is needed. In the present study, we have evaluated anti-HCV potential of water, chloroform, and methanol extracts from roots of Valeriana wallichii, a traditional Indian medicinal plant. Huh-7.5 cells infected with J6/JFH chimeric HCV strain were treated with water, chloroform, and methanol extracts at different concentrations. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction result demonstrated that methanolic extract showed reduction in HCV replication. The methanolic extract was fractionated by thin layer chromatography, and the purified fractions (F1, F2, F3, and F4) were checked for anti-HCV activity. Significant viral inhibition was noted only in F4 fraction. Further, intrinsic fluorescence assay of purified HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5B in the presence of F4 resulted in sharp quenching of intrinsic fluorescence with increasing amount of plant extract. Our results indicated that methanolic extract of V. wallichii and its fraction (F4) inhibited HCV by binding with HCV NS5B protein. The findings would be further investigated to identify the active principle/lead molecule towards development of complementary and alternative therapeutics against HCV. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Ganta
- Functional Genomics Lab, Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Anirban Mandal
- Functional Genomics Lab, Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Sukalyani Debnath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Banasri Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Binay Chaubey
- Functional Genomics Lab, Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
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Salem HA, Al-Shorbagy MY. Evaluation of the relaxant effect of levetiracetam on isolated rat duodenum. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 31:75-82. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A. Salem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Muhammad Y. Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmacy; Cairo University; Cairo 11562 Egypt
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Ali N, Begum R, Faisal MS, Khan A, Nabi M, Shehzadi G, Ullah S, Ali W. Current statins show calcium channel blocking activity through voltage gated channels. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:43. [PMID: 27649899 PMCID: PMC5030724 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are used for treatment of hypercholestremia. Common adverse reports associated with use of statins are generalized bodyache, rhabdomyolysis, muscles weakness and gastrointestinal disorders. The current work is an attempt to explain how smooth muscles of gastrointestinal tissues are affected by the current statins (Simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin). METHODS Effects of the current statins were studied on spontaneous activity of isolated rabbits' jejunal preparations. Different molar concentrations (10(-12)-10(-2)M) of the statins were applied on spontaneously contracting rabbits' jejunal preparations. As statins relaxed spontaneous activity, so we tested the statins on KCl (80 mM) induced contractions in similar test concentrations. Positive relaxant statins were tested again through construction of Calcium Concentration Response Curves (CCRCs) in the absence and presence of the statins using verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker. CCRCs of statins were compared with CCRCs of verapamil. RESULTS Simvastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin relaxed the spontaneous and KCl-induced contractions. IC50 for simvastatin on spontaneous rabbit's jejunal preparations is -5.08 ± 0.1 Log 10 M. Similarly, IC50 for KCl-induced contractions is -4.25 ± 0.01 Log 10 M. Mean IC50 (Log 10 M) for atorvastatin on spontaneous rabbit's jejunal preparations and KCl-induced contractions are -5.19 ± 0.07 and -4.37 ± 0.09, respectively. Fluvastatin relaxed spontaneous activity of rabbits' jejunal preparations with an IC50 (Log 10 M) -4.5 ± 0.03. Rosuvastatin relaxed spontaneous as well as KCl (80 mM) induced contractions with respective IC50 (Log 10 M) -3.62 ± 0.04 and -4.57 ± 0.06. In case of CCRCs, tissues pre-treated with 4.6 μg/ml of simvastatin, have IC50 = -1.84 ± 0.03 [log (Ca(++)) M] vs control IC50 = -2.54 ± 0.04 [log (Ca(++)) M]. Similarly, atorvastatin, fluvastatin and rosuvastatin produced significant right shift in IC50 for CCRCs (P ≤ 0.05). In case of verapamil, IC50 for control curves is -2.45 ± 0.06 [log (Ca (++)) M], while IC50 in presence of verapamil (0.1 μM) is -1.69 ± 0.05 [log (Ca (++)) M]. Statins produced right shift in the IC50 of CCRCs. The effects of statins are like that of effects of verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that current statins have calcium antagonistic effects that act on voltage gated calcium channels that may provide a rationale for cause muscle weakness and gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niaz Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Robina Begum
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleh Faisal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aslam Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Gulfam Shehzadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shakir Ullah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS), Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
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Khan RA, Aslam M, Ahmed S. Evaluation of Toxicological Profile of a Polyherbal Formulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/pp.2016.71008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gilani AH, Rehman NU, Khan A, Alkharfy KM. Studies on Bronchodilator Activity of Salvia officinalis (Sage): Possible Involvement of K + Channel Activation and Phosphodiesterase Inhibition. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1323-1329. [PMID: 26032019 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Salvia officinalis (So.Cr) was studied to provide possible underlying mechanism(s) for its medicinal use in asthma using the in vivo bronchodilatory assay and isolated tracheal preparations. S. officinalis (1-10 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited carbachol (CCh)-induced bronchospasm in anesthetized rats with three-fold greater potency than the positive control, aminophylline. In tracheal preparations, So.Cr inhibited the low K+ (25 mM)-induced contractions. Pretreatment of the tissues with 4-aminopyridine reversed the inhibitory effect of the plant extract against low K+ , whereas glibenclamide did not show any effect, thus showing the involvement of voltage-sensitive K+ channels. When tested against the CCh-induced pre-contractions for the involvement of any additional mechanism, interestingly, the extract showed a dose-dependent (0.03-0.1 mg/mL) inhibitory effect and shifted the inhibitory concentration response curves of isoprenaline to the left, thus showing phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitory-like action, similar to that of papaverine. These results indicate that the crude extract of S. officinalis possesses bronchodilatory activity mediated predominantly via activation of voltage-dependent K+ channels and inhibition of phosphodiesterase enzyme; thus, this study provides sound pharmacological basis for its medicinal use in hyperactive airways disorders such as asthma and cough. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul-Hassan Gilani
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.,Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb-Ur Rehman
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P.O. Box 231, Mekelle, 1871, Ethiopia
| | - Aslam Khan
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, PDA Building, Block IV, Phase 5, Hayatabad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Alkharfy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 266, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dong FW, Liu Yang, Wu ZK, Wei-Gao, Zi CT, Dan Yang, Luo HR, Jun Zhou, Hu JM. Iridoids and sesquiterpenoids from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi Jones. Fitoterapia 2015; 102:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Wrightia tinctoria in hypertension and dyslipidemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:151-63. [PMID: 24681893 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to offer a possible pharmacological basis regarding the remedial utilization of Wrightia tinctoria in hypertension and dyslipidemia in certain South Asian traditional systems of medicine, using in vivo and in vitro assays. The aqueous methanolic extract of W. tinctoria seeds (Wt.Cr) caused a dose-dependent (1-10 mg/kg) decrease in arterial pressure in anesthetized rats. In the right atria of isolated guinea pigs, Wt.Cr equally inhibited force and rate of spontaneous atrial contractions. When tested on phenylephrine-, high K(+)-, and low K(+)-induced vasoconstrictions in isolated rat aorta, Wt.Cr produced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation, the most potent being against low K(+)-induced contraction. It also created a rightward shift in the Ca(++) concentration-response curves and suppressed phenylephrine control peaks in a Ca(++)-free environment. In the rat model of tyloxapol-induced dyslipidemia, Wt.Cr produced a decline in the serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. In high fat diet-induced dyslipidemia, it decreased serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, improved high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and prevented the increase in average body weights by causing a decrease in diet consumption. These data suggest that Wt.Cr(++) lowers blood pressure through a combination of K(+)-channel opening and Ca(++)-channel blocking effects along with antidyslipidemic and weight-reducing properties.
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Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil of Skimmia laureola leaves. Molecules 2015; 20:4735-45. [PMID: 25786161 PMCID: PMC6272542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of the essential oil from leaves of Skimmia laureola was determined by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-eight components were identified, accounting for 93.9% of the total oil. The oil is mainly composed of monoterpenes (93.5%), of which monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes represent 11.0% and 82.5%, respectively. Sesquiterpenes constitute only 0.3% of the total oil. Linalyl acetate is the main component (50.5%), with linalool (13.1%), geranyl acetate (8.5%) and cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (6.2%) as other principal constituents. The essential oil showed a significant antispasmodic activity, in a dose range of 0.03–10 mg/mL. The essential oil also possesses antibacterial and antifungal activities against some pathogenic strains. The phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities were also assessed.
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Qu Z, Zhang J, Gao W, Guo H, Liu C. Bidirectional effects of methanol extract of Wei-Chang-An pill on gastrointestinal transit and the spasmolytic activity on isolated rat jejunum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:203-212. [PMID: 24928825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wei-Chang-An pill (WCA pill), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for treating various gastrointestinal diseases for several decades. Despite the popular medicinal use of WCA pill, less data was available to its activity and mechanism in gastrointestinal disorders. To examine the effects of the methanol extract of WCA pill (ME) on gastrointestinal tract so as to assess some of the possible mechanisms involved in the clinical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS ME was studied on gastrointestinal transit in vivo including gastric emptying and small intestinal motility in normal and neostigmine-induced mice, as well as on the isolated tissue preparations of rat jejunum in vitro. RESULTS In vivo, the gastric emptying decreased and intestinal transit increased after administration of ME in normal mice. However, administration of ME accelerated the intestinal transit ranging from 0.01 to 0.8 mg/mL and reduced it at the concentration of 1.6 and 3.2 mg/mL, while the gastric emptying was inhibited throughout the concentrations in neostigmine-induced mice. in vitro, ME caused inhibitory effect on the spontaneous contraction of rat-isolated jejunum in dose-dependent manner ranging from 0.01 to 6 mg/mL and also relaxed the acetylcholine chloride (Ach, 10(-6) M)-induced and K+ (60 mM)-induced contractions. ME shifted the Ca2+ concentration-response curves to right, similar to that caused by verapamil (0.025 mM). CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that ME might play a bidirectional role in gastrointestinal transit modulation and the effects on isolated tissue are probably mediated through calcium influx and muscarinic receptors, which provides pharmacological basis for the clinical use of WCA pill in gastrointestinal tract disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Huimin Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratories of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin, China
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Khan H, Saeed M, Gilani AH, Muhammad N, Ur Rehman N, Mehmood MH, Ashraf N. Antispasmodic and antidiarrheal activities of rhizomes of Polygonatum verticillatum maneuvered predominately through activation of K⁺ channels: Components identification through TLC. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 32:677-85. [PMID: 24215061 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713506956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polygonatum verticillatum has traditionally been used for various purposes. The present study was aimed to validate the antispasmodic and antidiarrheal properties of crude methanolic extract of rhizomes of P. verticillatum (PR). Isolated rabbit jejunum preparations were suspended in tissue baths to measure the isotonic responses using Power Lab data acquisition system for the antispasmodic activity of PR, while the antidiarrheal activity was conducted in vivo in mice. PR caused complete relaxation of the spontaneous contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum preparations in a dose-dependent mode. A complete inhibition was observed against low potassium (K(+); 25 mM)-induced contractions, while the plant extract partially inhibited the high K(+)(80 mM)-induced contractions. From a mechanistic point of view, the spasmolytic effect of PR against low K(+)was antagonized by glibenclamide similar to the effect of cromakalim, thus showing the presence of constituents in PR mediating spasmolytic activity predominantly through the activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K(+)channels. When tested against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, oral administration of the plant extract manifested marked antidiarrheal activity at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg similar to loperamide. This study provided a pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of PR in abdominal colic and diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Gandhara College of Pharmacy, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Anwarul-Hassan Gilani
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Khyber-Pakhtoonkha, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan International Centre for Chemical Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ashraf
- International Centre for Chemical Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Ge YB, Dai Q, Wan DR, Liu QH, Mei ZN. Relaxant effect of 1-butanol fraction from Elaeagnus pungens leaf through inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channel on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:196-201. [PMID: 23988619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaf of Elaeagnus pungens thunb. (Family Elaeagnaceae) has been documented as an effective herb for the treatment of asthma and chronic bronchitis in traditional Chinese medicine. In the past years, only a few of preliminary studies reported the chemical constituents and pharmacology effects of the herb, but their action on the tracheal relaxation has not been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the relaxing effect and mechanism of the extracts from Elaeagnus pungens leaves on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle and bronchi smooth muscle cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four fractions of different polarities from Elaeagnus pungens leaves were tested to the tracheal strips on the resting tension or pre-contracted by histamine (20 μM) and acetylcholine (20 μM). Inhibitory effects of the 1-butanol fraction (400mg/ml) on cumulative histamine and acetylcholine (0.2-20 μM) induced contraction were measured. In order to determine the mediators on the 1-butanol fraction effect, the relaxing effect of the 1-butanol fraction was evaluated in the absence and presence of β-adrenoceptor antagonists (1 μM propranolol), K(+) channels-blockers (4-aminopyridine (2mM), tetraethylammonium chloride (5mM) or glibenclamide (10 μM)), the cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin, 10 μM), nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 100 μM) or L-type Ca(2+) channel inhibitor (nifedipine, 1 μM). Moreover, [Ca(2+)]i in bronchi smooth muscle cells was analyzed by measuring the fluorescence intensity with confocal system. RESULTS 1-Butanol fraction induced the highest relaxant effect among four fractions of different polarities from Elaeagnus pungens leaves, and significantly relaxed the tracheal strip in the concentration-dependent manner on the resting tension and pre-contracted by histamine phosphate and acetylcholine. It also produced an unparallel rightward shift of the cumulative concentration-response curve of histamine or acetylcholine. Furthermore, the relaxant effect of 1-butanol fraction was not affected by propranolol, glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium chloride, 4-aminopyridine, indomethacin and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. However, 1-butanol fraction-induced relaxation decreased after adding nifedipine. It also concentration-dependently inhibited CaCl2-induced contraction in the Ca(2+)-free, 60mM K(+)-containing solution. Additionally, [Ca(2+)]i in the BSMCs significantly reduced after administration of the 1-butanol fraction. CONCLUSIONS The 1-butanol fraction from Elaeagnus pungens leaves resulted in a relaxation in the non-precontracted and pre-contracted tracheal strips. The relaxant effect was not related to K(+) channels, NO, cGMP or β-adrenoceptors, but related to the inhibition of Ca(2+) influx through L-type Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-bin Ge
- Institute for Ethical Medicine Research, College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Minyuan Road 708, Hongshan District, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Katoch O, Kaushik S, Kumar MSY, Agrawala PK, Misra K. Radioprotective property of an aqueous extract from valeriana wallichii. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012; 4:327-32. [PMID: 23248568 PMCID: PMC3523530 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.103272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Preparations of herbal drugs have drawn considerable interest in scientific community in recent years for the treatment of several stress related health problems including radiation-injury. Materials and Methods: An aqueous extract from Valeriana wallichii containing hesperidin as one of its major constituent was evaluated for its ability to protect against radiation-injury in model systems like plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and cultured human fibroblast cells. Results: The extract was found to significantly counter radiation-induced free radicals at 4 h after 5 Gy irradiation, reduced prolonged oxidative stress led increase in mitochondrial mass, enhanced reproductive viability of cultured cells and protected against radiation-induced DNA damage in solution. Discussion: Further studies are required to validate the radioprotective ability of the extract and to develop a safer radioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omika Katoch
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
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Sharma P, Kirar V, Meena DK, Suryakumar G, Misra K. Adaptogenic activity of Valeriana wallichii using cold, hypoxia and restraint multiple stress animal model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sahu S, Ray K, Yogendra Kumar MS, Gupta S, Kauser H, Kumar S, Mishra K, Panjwani U. Valeriana wallichii root extract improves sleep quality and modulates brain monoamine level in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:924-929. [PMID: 22766307 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effects of Valeriana wallichi (VW) aqueous root extract on sleep-wake profile and level of brain monoamines on Sprague-Dawley rats. Electrodes and transmitters were implanted to record EEG and EMG in freely moving condition and the changes were recorded telemetrically after oral administration of VW in the doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Sleep latency was decreased and duration of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was increased in a dose dependent manner. A significant decrease of sleep latency and duration of wakefulness were observed with VW at doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg. Duration of NREM sleep as well as duration of total sleep was increased significantly after treatment with VW at the doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg. VW also increased EEG slow wave activity during NREM sleep at the doses of 200 and 300 mg/kg. Level of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), serotonin (5-HT) and hydroxy indole acetic acid (HIAA) were measured in frontal cortex and brain stem after VW treatment at the dose of 200mg/kg. NE and 5HT level were decreased significantly in both frontal cortex and brain stem. DA and HIAA level significantly decreased only in cortex. DOPAC level was not changed in any brain region studied. In conclusion it can be said that VW water extract has a sleep quality improving effect which may be dependent upon levels of monoamines in cortex and brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit Sahu
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences-DIPAS, Defence Research and Developmental Organization-DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 54, India
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Estrada-Soto S, Sánchez-Recillas A, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Castillo-España P, Villalobos-Molina R, Ibarra-Barajas M. Relaxant effects of Artemisia ludoviciana on isolated rat smooth muscle tissues. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:513-518. [PMID: 22155473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia ludoviciana spp. mexicana (Willd. Ex.) Spring D.D. Keck (Asteraceae), known as "estafiate" is employed for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, parasites, abdominal pain, vomiting, stomach ache, and also as antispasmodic agent. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relaxant effect of hexanic (HEAl), dichloromethanic (DEAl) and methanolic (MEAl) extracts on isolated trachea, ileum and aorta rat rings, and to establish the tracheo-relaxant mode of action of DEAl. MATERIALS AND METHODS All extracts were investigated based on their capacity of to inhibit the rat ileum spontaneous contraction, to relax contraction induced by noradrenaline (0.1 μM) on endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded thoracic aorta rat rings, and also to inhibit contraction provoked by carbachol (1 μM) on rat trachea. RESULTS Organic extracts had no spasmolytic action on ileum strips compared to positive control (papaverine, p<0.05). On the other hand, all extracts induced a significant concentration- and partial endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant activity. Extracts also showed significant relaxant effect on pre-contracted tracheal tissue in a concentration-dependent manner. In last two experiments, DEAl was the most potent and efficient extract; however, it was less potent than papaverine and theophylline, used as positive controls (p<0.05). In tracheal preparation, DEAl shifted to the right, in a parallel manner, the concentration-response curves induced by carbachol (p<0.05). Also, DEAl induced a significant relaxant effect on the contraction produced by potassium chloride (KCl, 80 mM). Pre-incubation with 1-H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3a]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10 μM), indomethacin (10 μM), N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 μM), glibenclamide (10 μM) and 2-aminopyridine (2-AP, 100 μM) did not modify the DEAl-relaxant curves. CONCLUSIONS Functional experiments suggest that the most active extract, DEAl, induced its relaxant effect by possible muscarinic receptors antagonism and calcium channel blockade in tracheal rings. On the other hand, significant vasorelaxant activity showed by DEAl is partially endothelium-dependent. Finally, spasmolytic activity induced by the extracts in the rat ileum was not significant, which suggests that the antidiarrheic effect of the plant is related to antimicrobial and antiparasitic properties previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Morelos, Mexico.
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Polymorphism in pollen mother cells of Valeriana wallichii DC. (Valerianaceae). THE NUCLEUS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-011-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Protective Role of Ficus carica Stem Extract against Hepatic Oxidative Damage Induced by Methanol in Male Wistar Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:150458. [PMID: 22203864 PMCID: PMC3235718 DOI: 10.1155/2012/150458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Ficus carica stem extract (FE) in methanol-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into two batches: 16 control rats (C) drinking tap water and 16 treated rats drinking Ficus carica stem extract for six weeks. Then, each group was divided into two subgroups, and one of them was intraperitoneally injected (i.p.) daily methanol at a dose of 2.37 g/kg body weight i.p. for 30 days, for four weeks. The results showed that FE was found to contain large amounts of polyphenols and carotenoids. The treatment with methanol exhibited a significant increase of serum hepatic biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH) and hepatic lipid peroxidation. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes, namely, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px, were significantly decreased in methanol-treated animals. FE treatment prior to methanol intoxication has significant role in protecting animals from methanol-induced hepatic oxidative damage.
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Khan AU, Gilani AH. Antidiarrhoeal and bronchodilatory potential of Valeriana wallichii. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:1045-9. [PMID: 22010976 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.551754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the antidiarrhoeal and bronchodilatory activities of Valeriana wallichii D.C. (Valerianaceae). The crude extract of V. wallichii (Vw.Cr) caused inhibition of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice at 300-600 mg kg⁻¹. In guinea-pig trachea, Vw.Cr concentration dependently (0.03-3.0 mg mL⁻¹) relaxed the low K+ (25 mM)-induced contractions, with a mild effect on the contractions induced by high K+ (80 mM). In the presence of glibenclamide, the relaxation of low K+-induced contractions was prevented. Similarly, cromakalim caused glibenclamide-sensitive inhibition of low K+, without any effect on high K+. These results indicate that V. wallichii exhibits antidiarrhoeal and bronchodilatory activities, possibly through K+ channel activation, and thus reveal its medicinal usefulness in hyperactive gut and airway disorders such as diarrhoea and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif-ullah Khan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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Mirabi P, Dolatian M, Mojab F, Majd HA. Effects of valerian on the severity and systemic manifestations of dysmenorrhea. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011; 115:285-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Antispasmodic and Antidiarrheal Activities of Valeriana hardwickii Wall. Rhizome Are Putatively Mediated through Calcium Channel Blockade. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:304960. [PMID: 21423691 PMCID: PMC3057483 DOI: 10.1155/2011/304960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Valeriana hardwickii is indigenous to Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon, where it is traditionally being used as an antispasmodic and antidiarrheal, besides its culinary use as spice. The aim of this paper was to provide pharmacological validation to these medicinal uses. The crude aqueous-methanolic extract of Valeriana hardwickii rhizome (Vh.Cr) was studied on isolated rabbit jejunum and castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice for spasmolytic and antidiarrheal properties, respectively. Vh.Cr caused concentration-dependent (0.01–1 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum and inhibited K+-induced contractions (0.01–0.3 mg/mL), similar to verapamil, suggestive of calcium channel blockade (CCB). The CCB effect was confirmed when pretreatment of the jejunum preparations with Vh.Cr produced a concentration-dependent (0.03–0.1 mg/mL) rightward shift in the Ca++ concentration-response curves, as caused by verapamil. Vh.Cr exhibited dose-dependent (100–300 mg/kg) protection against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. Loperamide, a standard antidiarrheal drug, similarly prevented the diarrhea. These data indicate the presence of CCB effect in the extract of Valeriana hardwickii rhizome, possibly mediating its antispasmodic and antidiarrheal activities and provide a scientific base for its traditional use in hyperactive gut disorders.
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Baldassano S, Tesoriere L, Rotondo A, Serio R, Livrea MA, Mulè F. Inhibition of the mechanical activity of mouse ileum by cactus pear (Opuntia Ficus Indica, L, Mill.) fruit extract and its pigment indicaxanthin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7565-7571. [PMID: 20518499 DOI: 10.1021/jf100434e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated, using an organ bath technique, the effects of a hydrophilic extract from Opuntia ficus indica fruit pulp (cactus fruit extract, CFE) on the motility of mouse ileum, and researched the extract component(s) responsible for the observed responses. CFE (10-320 mg of fresh fruit pulp equivalents/mL of organ bath) reduced dose-dependently the spontaneous contractions. This effect was unaffected by tetrodotoxin, a neuronal blocker, N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase blocker, tetraethylammonium, a potassium channel blocker, or atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist. CFE also reduced the contractions evoked by carbachol, without affecting the contractions evoked by high extracellular potassium. Indicaxanthin, but not ascorbic acid, assayed at concentrations comparable with their content in CFE, mimicked the CFE effects. The data show that CFE is able to exert direct antispasmodic effects on the intestinal motility. The CFE inhibitory effects do not involve potassium channels or voltage-dependent calcium channels but rather pathways of calcium intracellular release. The fruit pigment indicaxanthin appears to be the main component responsible for the CFE-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baldassano
- Dipartimento di Biologia cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Subhan F, Karim N, Gilani AH, Sewell RDE. Terpenoid content of Valeriana wallichii
extracts and antidepressant-like response profiles. Phytother Res 2009; 24:686-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mathela CS, Padalia RC, Chanotiya CS. Kanokonyl Acetate-Rich Indian Valerian from Northwestern Himalaya. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900400919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile composition of rhizomes of Valeriana wallichii DC has been studied by GC, GC/MS and NMR spectroscopy. Sesquiterpenes were shown to be the main constituents (>89.3%) comprising kanokonyl acetate (42.4%), γ-curcumene (10.7%), ar-curcumene (7.2%), (Z)-β-farnesene (3.2%), xanthorrhizol (4.1%), 7-epi-α-selinene (2.2%), valeranone (2.0%) and curcuphenol (1.4%). The unique presence of kanokonyl acetate and the complete absence of the earlier reported chemotype marker constituents of Indian valerian viz. maaliol and patchouli alcohol makes the composition significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajendra C. Padalia
- Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital-263 002, India
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow-226 015, India
| | - Chandan S. Chanotiya
- Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital-263 002, India
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow-226 015, India
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Gilani AH, Mehmood MH, Janbaz KH, Khan AU, Saeed SA. Ethnopharmacological studies on antispasmodic and antiplatelet activities of Ficus carica. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 119:1-5. [PMID: 18586078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Revised: 05/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The ripe dried fruit of Ficus carica Linn. (Moraceae) commonly known as "Fig" has medicinal value in traditional system of medicine for its use in gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY To rationalize the medicinal use of Fig (Ficus carica) in gastrointestinal and inflammatory disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aqueous-ethanolic extract of Ficus carica (Fc.Cr) was studied for antispasmodic effect on the isolated rabbit jejunum preparations and for antiplatelet effect using ex vivo model of human platelets. RESULTS Fc.Cr tested positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, sterols and terpenes. When tested in isolated rabbit jejunum, Fc.Cr (0.1-3.0mg/mL) produced relaxation of spontaneous and low K(+) (25 mM)-induced contractions with negligible effect on high K(+) (80 mM) similar to that caused by cromakalim. Pretreatment of the tissue with glibenclamide caused rightward shift in the curves of low K(+)-induced contractions. Similarly, cromakalim inhibited the contractions induced by low K(+), but not of high K(+), while verapamil equally inhibited the contractions of K(+) at both concentrations. Fc.Cr (0.6 and 0.12 mg/mL) inhibited the adenosine 5'-diphosphate and adrenaline-induced human platelet aggregation. CONCLUSION This study showed the presence of spasmolytic activity in the ripe dried fruit of Ficus carica possibly mediated through the activation of K(+)(ATP) channels along with antiplatelet activity which provides sound pharmacological basis for its medicinal use in the gut motility and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Hassan Gilani
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
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Gilani AH, Khan AU, Ghayur MN, Ali SF, Herzig JW. Antispasmodic Effects of Rooibos Tea (Aspalathus linearis) is Mediated Predominantly through K+-Channel Activation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006; 99:365-73. [PMID: 17076689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2006.pto_507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rooibos tea has been widely used for abdominal spasm and diarrhoea. The aim of the present study was to explore the possible mechanism for its use in such ailments. Its aqueous extract (RT) at 0.3-10 mg/ml produced relaxation of spontaneous and low K(+) (25 mM)-induced contractions of rabbit jejunum, with weak effect on high K(+) (80 mM)-induced contractions. In the presence of glibenclamide, relaxation of low K(+)-induced contractions was prevented. Cromakalim inhibited contractions induced by low K(+), but not high K(+), while verapamil did not differentiate in its inhibitory effect on contractions produced by the two concentrations of K(+). RT also exhibited antidiarrhoeal and antisecretory activities in mice. The spasmolytic effect was concentrated in organic fractions. Its constituents, chrysoeriol, orientin and vitexin showed a similar pattern of spasmolytic effects to the extract, while rutin was more like verapamil. So Rooibos tea possesses a combination of dominant K(ATP) channel activation and weak Ca(++) antagonist mechanisms and hence justifies its use in hyperactive gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Hassan Gilani
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
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