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Athaillah Z, Yarnes C, Wang SC. Bulk and Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis for the Authentication of Walnuts ( Juglans regia) Origins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71. [PMID: 37917953 PMCID: PMC10655176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are grown in various countries, and as product origin information is becoming more important to consumers, new techniques to differentiate walnut geographical authenticity are needed. We conducted bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA) and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) on walnuts grown in seven countries. The BSIA consisted of δ13Cbulk, δ15Nbulk, and δ34Sbulk, and CSIA covered δ2Hfatty acid, δ13Cfatty acid, δ13Camino acid, δ15Namino acid, and δ2Hamino acid. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used for statistical analysis to compare samples from the USA and China. Parameters that yielded significant variations are δ2HC18:1n-9, δ13CC18:2n-6, δ13CC18:3n-3, δ13CGly, δ13CLeu, δ13CVal, δ2HGlu, δ2HIle, δ2HLeu, and δ2HThr. Our findings suggested that CSIA of fatty acids and amino acids can be useful to differentiate the geographical provenance of walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zatil
A. Athaillah
- Food
Science and Technology Department of University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Chris Yarnes
- Stable
Isotope Facility of University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Selina C. Wang
- Food
Science and Technology Department of University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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2
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Soni K, Frew R, Kebede B. A review of conventional and rapid analytical techniques coupled with multivariate analysis for origin traceability of soybean. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36734977 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2171961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Soybean has developed a reputation as a superfood due to its nutrient profile, health benefits, and versatility. Since 1960, its demand has increased dramatically, going from a mere 17 MMT to almost 358 MMT in the production year 2021/22. These extremely high production rates have led to lower-than-expected product quality, adulteration, illegal trade, deforestation, and other concerns. This necessitates the development of an effective technology to confirm soybean's provenance. This is the first review that investigates current analytical techniques coupled with multivariate analysis for origin traceability of soybeans. The fundamentals of several analytical techniques are presented, assessed, compared, and discussed in terms of their operating specifics, advantages, and shortcomings. Additionally, significance of multivariate analysis in analyzing complex data has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Soni
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Russell Frew
- Oritain Global Limited, Central Dunedin 9016, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Biniam Kebede
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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3
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Horacek M, Papesch W. Storage Changes Stable Isotope Composition of Cucumbers. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.781158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable food stuff produced under controlled and identical conditions from one farm of identical “age” (batch) has a similar isotopic composition. This fact can be used to control the origin of vegetables. This question is of special relevance when food-contaminations have to be traced back to the producer, or certain production claims have to be controlled. However, as vegetables are harvested, brought to whole-sale merchants and to retail shops, where they remain until being bought by the consumer, one has to consider possible changes in isotopic composition during this transfer period, when comparing vegetables of questioned origin with reference samples taken directly from the field/producer. We investigated changes in the isotope composition of vegetables during storage by studying as an example cucumbers from one batch. We stored the cucumbers in a vegetable storage under controlled conditions and removed one sample every day and analyzed its isotopic composition. We found changes in the δ15N and δ18O isotope values over the investigated period of 21 days, with both parameters showing positive linear correlations, and maximum enrichments with time of more than 1.5‰ for δ15N and more than 2‰ for δ18O. However, within the interval the samples remained in a saleable condition the isotope variations remained more or less within the variability of the sample batch. Our study demonstrates that changes in the isotopic signature in vegetables might occur after harvest during storage and have to be taken into account when (commercial) samples collected in a market are investigated.
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Thompson RA, Morello DR, Panicker S, Toske SG, Li L. Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Analysis of Morphine from Opium and Heroin Samples Originating in the Four Major Heroin Producing Regions. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:505-513. [PMID: 34794203 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The forensic analysis of stable isotopes is a valuable tool to geo-source natural or semi-synthetic drugs such as cocaine and heroin. The present study describes a novel methodology to isolate morphine from opium for isotopic analysis. Furthermore, this isotopic data from regional sources is corroborated with morphine data obtained from seized heroin (de-acetylated to morphine) from the same regions. All five primary alkaloids of opium, namely morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine and papaverine, were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography with PDA before the preparative experiment to gather a complete major alkaloidal profile. Morphine fractions of authentic opium submissions from Mexico, South America, Southwest Asia, and Southeast Asia were isolated and collected using preparative high performance liquid chromatography, and the collected morphine samples were subsequently analyzed by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Carbon and nitrogen isotope data are presented. The data demonstrates that nitrogen ratios are capable of differentiating samples from Mexico and South America while carbon ratios are able to distinguish Southwest Asian samples from other source regions. Analogous results have routinely been observed (as part of Heroin Signature Program analysis) for morphine obtained from de-acetylated authentic heroin samples from the same source regions. The results suggest that the poppy growing region has a greater influence on the carbon and nitrogen isotope values than the heroin manufacturing processes employed. When utilized in conjunction with existing signature methodologies, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio data can enhance the ability to geo-source heroin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Thompson
- U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, Dulles, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Morello
- U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, Dulles, Virginia, USA
| | - Sini Panicker
- U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, Dulles, Virginia, USA
| | - Steven G Toske
- U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, Dulles, Virginia, USA
| | - Li Li
- U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, Dulles, Virginia, USA
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Olechno E, Puścion-Jakubik A, Socha K, Zujko ME. Coffee Infusions: Can They Be a Source of Microelements with Antioxidant Properties? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111709. [PMID: 34829580 PMCID: PMC8614647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is a beverage that is very popular all over the world. Its pro-health effect has been demonstrated in many publications. This drink can counteract the effects of oxidative stress thanks to its antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to collect data on the content of microelements with antioxidant activity (manganese, zinc, copper, iron) in coffee infusions, taking into account various factors. The study considered publications from the years 2000–2020 found in Google Scholar and PubMed databases. It was noted that coffee can provide up to 13.7% of manganese requirements per serving, up to 4.0% and 3.1% of zinc requirements for women and men, up to 2.7% and 2.1% of copper requirements for women and men, and up to 0.4% and 0.6% of iron requirements for women and men. Coffee infusions can also be a source of fluoride (up to 2.5%), chromium (up to 0.4% of daily intake for women and 0.2% for men), and cobalt (up to 0.1%). There are no data in the literature regarding the content of selenium in coffee infusions. The origin of coffee beans and the type of water used (especially regarding fluoride) may have an impact on the content of minerals in infusions. The brewing method does not seem to play an important role. As it is a very popular beverage, coffee can additionally enrich the diet with such micronutrients as manganese, zinc, and copper. This seems beneficial due to their antioxidant properties, however the bioavailability of these elements of coffee should be taken into account. It seems necessary to carry out more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olechno
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland; (E.O.); (M.E.Z.)
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-8574-854-69
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2D Street, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Białystok, Szpitalna 37 Street, 15-295 Białystok, Poland; (E.O.); (M.E.Z.)
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6
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Suzuki Y. Achieving Food Authenticity and Traceability Using an Analytical Method Focusing on Stable Isotope Analysis. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:189-199. [PMID: 33229826 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20sar14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High-value agricultural products are characterized by the geographical conditions of the production areas such as climatic and soil conditions. These products are protected by the geographical indication (GI) protection system, which has been introduced in more than 100 countries. Because GI products are expensive in the market, products are often mislabeled as GI. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of analytical methods that enable the tracing of geographical origins of food materials. Stable isotope analysis is used to trace the geographical origin of food materials. In this study, we review the applications for tracing the geographical origin of agricultural products (especially rice, beef, and honey) focusing on an analytical method for analyzing stable isotopes (δD, δ13C, δ15N, δ18O, and δ34S).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeko Suzuki
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan.
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Suzuki Y, Murata S, Tanaka T, Hirao E, Noguchi K, Okusu H, Satoh R. Preliminary Study for Tracing the Geographical Origin of Wheat Flour in Breads Using Stable Isotope Analysis of Wheat Proteins. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Modeling of stable isotope and multi-element compositions of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) for origin traceability of protected geographical indication (PGI) products in Xinjiang, China. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Happyana N, Hermawati E, Syah YM, Hakim EHH. Discrimination of the Indonesian Roasted Arabica Coffees using 1H NMR-based Metabolomics. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.8.2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this report, the roasted Arabica coffees obtained from 4 Indonesian regions were analyzed with 1H NMR based-metabolomics. In total, 23 compounds were detected in the coffee 1H NMR spectra. Orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLSDA) model successfully classified metabolites of the coffees based on their origins. S-plots of two-classes partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA) models successfully identified discriminant metabolites for every coffee. Chlorogenic acids, trigonelline, arabinoses were found as the discriminant compounds for Preanger-Java coffee. Lipids, acetic acid and lactic acid were discovered as the characteristic metabolites for Gayo-Sumatra coffee. γ-quinide was found as the most important marker for Bajawa-Flores coffee. Meanwhile, Toraja-Sulawesi coffee were characterized with a balance chemical composition indicating its well-balanced taste. The findings revealed the diversity of Indonesian Arabica coffees and shed more light on scientific information of Indonesian coffees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Happyana
- Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Elvira Hermawati
- Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yana Maolana Syah
- Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Euis Holisotan Hakim Hakim
- Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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10
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Godinho DP, Janssen A, Li D, Cruz C, Magalhães S. The distribution of herbivores between leaves matches their performance only in the absence of competitors. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8405-8415. [PMID: 32788989 PMCID: PMC7417252 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have tested how plant quality and the presence of competitors interact in determining how herbivores choose between different leaves within a plant. We investigated this in two herbivorous spider mites sharing tomato plants: Tetranychus urticae, which generally induces plant defenses, and Tetranychus evansi, which suppresses them, creating asymmetrical effects on coinfesting competitors. On uninfested plants, both herbivore species preferred young leaves, coinciding with increased mite performance. On plants with heterospecifics, the mites did not prefer leaves on which they had a better performance. In particular, T. urticae avoided leaves infested with T. evansi, which is in agreement with T. urticae being outcompeted by T. evansi. In contrast, T. evansi did not avoid leaves with the other species, but distributed itself evenly over plants infested with heterospecifics. We hypothesize that this behavior of T. evansi may prevent further spread of T. urticae over the shared plant. Our results indicate that leaf age determines within-plant distribution of herbivores only in absence of competitors. Moreover, they show that this distribution depends on the order of arrival of competitors and on their effects on each other, with herbivores showing differences in behavior within the plant as a possible response to the outcome of those interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo P. Godinho
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Arne Janssen
- Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of EntomologyFederal University of ViçosaViçosaBrazil
| | - Dan Li
- Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Cristina Cruz
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Sara Magalhães
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental ChangesFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
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11
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Abstract
Flavor continues to be a driving force for coffee’s continued growth in the beverage market today. Studies have identified the sensory aspects and volatile and non-volatile compounds that characterize the flavor of different coffees. This review discusses aspects that influence coffee drinking and aspects such as environment, processing, and preparation that influence flavor. This summary of research studies employed sensory analysis (either descriptive and discrimination testing and or consumer testing) and chemical analysis to determine the impact aspects on coffee flavor.
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12
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Acierno V, de Jonge L, van Ruth S. Sniffing out cocoa bean traits that persist in chocolates by PTR-MS, ICP-MS and IR-MS. Food Res Int 2020; 133:109212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Driscoll AW, Howa JD, Bitter NQ, Ehleringer JR. A predictive spatial model for roasted coffee using oxygen isotopes of α-cellulose. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8626. [PMID: 31658500 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fraudulent region-of-origin labeling is a concern for high-value, globally traded commodities such as coffee. The oxygen isotope ratio of cellulose is a useful geographic tracer, as it integrates climate and source water signals. A predictive spatial model ("isoscape") of the δ18 O values of coffee bean cellulose is generated to evaluate coffee region-of-origin claims. METHODS The oxygen isotope ratio of α-cellulose extracted from roasted coffee beans was measured via high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TC-EA/IRMS) and used to calculate the δ18 O value of coffee bean water. The 18 O enrichment of coffee bean water relative to the δ18 O value of local precipitation was modeled as a function of local temperature and humidity. This function was incorporated into a mechanistic model of cellulose δ18 O values to predict the δ18 O values of coffee bean cellulose across coffee-producing regions globally. RESULTS The δ18 O values of analyzed coffee bean cellulose ranged from approximately +22‰ to +42‰ (V-SMOW). As expected, coffees grown in the same region tended to have similar isotope ratios, and the δ18 O value of coffee bean cellulose was generally higher than the δ18 O value of modeled stem cellulose for the region. Modeled δ18 O values of coffee cellulose were within ±2.3‰ of the measured δ18 O value of coffee cellulose. CONCLUSIONS The oxygen isotope ratio of coffee bean cellulose is a useful indicator of region-of-origin and varies predictably in response to climatic factors and precipitation isotope ratios. The isoscape of coffee bean cellulose δ18 O values from this study provides a quantitative tool that can be applied to region-of-origin verification of roasted coffee at the point-of-sale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery W Driscoll
- IsoForensics Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - John D Howa
- IsoForensics Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Nicholas Q Bitter
- IsoForensics Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - James R Ehleringer
- IsoForensics Inc., 421 Wakara Way, Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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14
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Alegria C, Antunes C, Giovanetti M, Abreu M, Máguas C. Acorn Isotopic Composition: A New Promising Tool for Authenticity Maps of Montado's High-Value Food Products. Molecules 2020; 25:E1535. [PMID: 32230969 PMCID: PMC7181146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is often overlooked that even food production is linked to the ecology of plants and animals. Living organisms respond to environmental short-and long-term variability: acknowledging this may help in the ultimate goal of valorizing a territory/product. We investigated acorns of the two main Quercus species of the Portuguese Montado, a main feed of the renown black Iberian pig. We tested their responses to an aridity gradient by morphological parameters and isotopic signature. Q. rotundifolia and Q. suber acorns did not differ morphologically, even if a higher variability in all parameters was observed in acorns of Q. suber. According to the site-specific Aridity Index, correlations are indicative to higher weight and length only in Q. suber acorns from more arid sites. As for isotopic composition, there were no differences in nitrogen or carbon (δ15N and δ13C) between the two species. However, combining the samples and testing for association with the Aridity Index, we found that more arid sites lead to a 15N enrichment. This result, combined with the positive correlation between AI and acorns length, support the use of acorns as a tool, their isoscapes of nitrogen being a stepping stone for the provenance of the black Iberian pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alegria
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.A.); (M.G.)
- Unidade Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Cristina Antunes
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Manuela Giovanetti
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.A.); (M.G.)
- CREA—Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Abreu
- Unidade Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal;
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina Máguas
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.A.); (M.G.)
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15
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Zhao J, Li A, Jin X, Pan L. Technologies in individual animal identification and meat products traceability. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1711185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Agri-food Safety, Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Agri-food Safety, Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - An Li
- Department of Agri-food Safety, Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Agri-food Safety, Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Department of Agri-food Safety, Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Agri-food Safety, Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ligang Pan
- Department of Agri-food Safety, Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Agri-food Safety, Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, PR China
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16
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Sr isotope discrimination of multi species aquaculture productions at a worldwide scale and contribution of the water reservoir in Sr plant input. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03075. [PMID: 31909254 PMCID: PMC6939051 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic plants commonly used in landscaping or as ornaments are subject to a growing worldwide market that is source of trade between countries which can induce the transfer of unwanted invasive alien plant species. To protect national biodiversity and economy, authorities promote the use of local markets without however providing the method to do so. This study deals with the feasibility of using Sr stable isotopes for discriminating the origin of aquatic plants at a worldwide scale. More than 15 aquatic plant species were collected from main producers in four countries (China, Hungary, Germany, France). Each plant was analysed for its 87Sr/86Sr ratio and the results are compared within samples from each producer and between countries. For a given produce, significant 87Sr/86Sr can be measured as a function of the plant species. However, at the scale of Europe, plants from different producers are almost isotopically identical with 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.71228 ± 218.10-5, 0.71116 ± 178.10-5 and 0.71066 ± 156.10-5 for France, Hungary and Germany, respectively. These values are clearly distinguishable from those measured in Chinese aquatic plants, which yield a mean 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70591 ± 168.10-5. This Sr isotopic discrimination between European and Chinese aquatic plants is explained by the specific agricultural and hydrogeological environments of the producing countries. Indeed, the cycle of Sr in aquatic plants is studied here for the first time. Natural and anthropic materials of French origin were collected and characterized in terms of 87Sr/86Sr. Mixing models reveal that irrigation water is the main source of Sr for plants (35-85%). Clays from the substrate (4-38%) and fertilizers (5-19%) can also contribute, in proportions depending on the plant species. This model accounts for the small variations in 87Sr/86Sr ratios of species from the same producer and allows a discrimination between producers using different agricultural practices.
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Putri SP, Irifune T, Yusianto, Fukusaki E. GC/MS based metabolite profiling of Indonesian specialty coffee from different species and geographical origin. Metabolomics 2019; 15:126. [PMID: 31535287 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The consumption of high quality coffee such as specialty Arabica and fine Robusta coffee is increasing steadily in recent years. Development of single origin coffee is an important strategy to maintain coffee quality, grade and high cupping score. Indonesia is a top exporting country for Arabica coffee with high variety of specialty coffees from different origins. Despite its long standing reputation in global coffee market, very few is known about the variability among Indonesian specialty coffees. OBJECTIVES This study aims to observe metabolite variability among Indonesian coffees from different species and geographical origins by means of non-targeted GC/MS metabolite profiling. METHODS Sixty-four compounds were tentatively identified from 16 green and roasted coffee beans from different species and cultivation areas in Indonesia and were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). Ten Specialty Arabica coffee and five Fine Robusta representing all important high quality coffees of Indonesia were also analyzed independently to further classify Indonesian coffee according to their origin. RESULTS PCA results of 16 green and roasted coffee beans of different species and cultivation areas showed that samples were separated along PC1 based on different roasting condition (green and roasted) with 52.9% variance and were separated along PC2 based on different species with 19.3% variance. The result from this study showed the clustering of samples based on three major cultivation areas in Indonesia (western, central, eastern part). Metabolites showing higher concentration in Sulawesi, Papua, Flores and Sumatra samples were glycerol, glucuno-1,5-lactone, gluconic acid and sorbitol. A clear distinction in galactitol and galactinol concentration between all samples from eastern part of Indonesia and western and middle part of Indonesia was also observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that each region (western, central and eastern part of Indonesia) has signature compounds that may serve as discriminant markers for coffee authentication. This is the first report on the classification of Indonesian specialty coffee based on their metabolic profiles and can act as a basis for marker identification for routine procedures in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sastia Prama Putri
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Irifune
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusianto
- Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jl. PB. Sudirman 90, Jember, Indonesia
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Peng CY, Zhang YL, Song W, Cai HM, Wang Y, Granato D. Characterization of Brazilian coffee based on isotope ratio mass spectrometry (δ 13C, δ 18O, δ 2H, and δ 15N) and supervised chemometrics. Food Chem 2019; 297:124963. [PMID: 31253305 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.124963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Authentication of ground coffee has become an important issue because of fraudulent activities in the sector. In the current work, sixty-seven Brazilian coffees produced in different geographical origins using organic (ORG, n = 25) and conventional (CONV, n = 42) systems were analyzed for their stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ18O, δ2H, and δ15N). Data were analyzed by inferential analysis to compare the factors whereas linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and support vector machines (SVM) were used to classify the coffees based on their origin. ORG and CONV cultivated coffees could not be differentiated according to C stable isotope ratio (δ13C; p = 0.204), but ORG coffees presented higher values of the N stable isotope ratio (δ15N; p = 0.0006). k-NN presented the best classification results for both ORG and CONV coffees (87% and 67%, respectively). SVM correctly classified coffees produced in São Paulo (75% accuracy), while LDA correctly classified 71% of coffees produced in Minas Gerais.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Hefei Customs District/Anhui Province Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Hefei 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Mei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/School of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daniel Granato
- Department of Food Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
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Mehari B, Redi-Abshiro M, Chandravanshi BS, Combrinck S, McCrindle R, Atlabachew M. GC-MS profiling of fatty acids in green coffee (Coffea arabica L.) beans and chemometric modeling for tracing geographical origins from Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3811-3823. [PMID: 30671959 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was aimed at the development of objective analytical method capable of verifying the production region of the coffee beans. One hundred samples of green coffee (Coffea arabica L.) beans from the major producing regions, comprising various sub-regional types, were studied for variations in their fatty acid compositions by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to visualize data trends. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to construct classification models. RESULTS Twenty-one different fatty acids were detected in all of the samples. The total fatty acid content varied from 83 to 204 g kg-1 across the regions. Oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic and arachidic acids were identified as the most discriminating compounds among the production regions. The recognition and prediction abilities of the LDA model for classification at regional level were 95% and 92%, respectively, and 92% and 85%, respectively, at sub-regional level. CONCLUSION Fatty acids contain adequate information for use as descriptors of the cultivation region of coffee beans. Chemometric methods based on fatty acid composition can be used to detect fraudulently labeled coffees, with regard to the production region. These can benefit the coffee production market by providing consumers with products of the expected quality. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bewketu Mehari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Redi-Abshiro
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rob McCrindle
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Minaleshewa Atlabachew
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Liu Z, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Hu G, Zhu J, Rogers KM. Geographical traceability of Chinese green tea using stable isotope and multi-element chemometrics. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:778-788. [PMID: 30716180 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Deliberate and fraudulent origin mislabeling of Chinese green tea motivated by large price differences often brings significant food safety risks and damages consumer trust. Currently, there is no reliable method to verify the origin of green tea produced in China. Stable isotope and multi-element analyses combined with statistical models are widely acknowledged as useful traceability techniques for many agro-products, and could be developed to confirm the geographical origin of Chinese green tea and, more importantly, combat illegal green tea mislabeling and fraud. METHODS An analytical strategy combining elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS) and inductively plasma coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) with chemometrics tools was used to confirm the origin of green tea grown in the main tea production provinces around China. Stable C, N, H, O isotope ratios and twenty elements were measured to build mathematical discriminant models using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Two main problems: (i) tracing the origin of Chinese green tea from different tea growing provinces (Zhejiang, Shandong, and other provinces); (ii) authentication of high-value Westlake Longjing tea from the Westlake region and surrounding areas in Zhejiang province, were investigated and assessed. RESULTS The results demonstrated that PCA and follow-up LDA based on stable isotope and multi-element signatures can verify the geographical origin of Chinese green tea from different provinces, and even localized zones in the same province could be distinguishable, with discrimination accuracies higher than 92.3% and 87.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Geochemical fingerprinting techniques coupled with chemometric tools offer an accurate and effective verification method for the geographical origin of Chinese green tea, providing a promising tool to combat fraudulent mislabeling of high-value green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yuwei Yuan
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yongzhi Zhang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Guixian Hu
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Information Traceability for Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Karyne M Rogers
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agricultural Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- National Isotope Centre, GNS Science, 30 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand
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Worku M, Upadhayay HR, Latruwe K, Taylor A, Blake W, Vanhaecke F, Duchateau L, Boeckx P. Differentiating the geographical origin of Ethiopian coffee using XRF- and ICP-based multi-element and stable isotope profiling. Food Chem 2019; 290:295-307. [PMID: 31000050 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To test the potential of different analytical tools to determine the geographical origin of Ethiopian coffee, 103 green arabica coffee samples from four coffee regions in Ethiopia were subjected to multi-elements and δ13C, δ15N and δ18O determinations. Multi-elements were determined by using inductively coupled plasma (ICP)- and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF)-based techniques, and δ13C, δ15N and δ18O were determined by using elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Using linear discriminant analysis, XRF-based multi-elements with and without δ13C appeared to be most effective in discriminating the geographical origin of coffee, giving higher classification accuracy (89 and 86%, respectively) than ICP-based multi-elements with and without stable isotopes (80%, each). These results demonstrate the potential of XRF-based multi-element profiling as a relatively fast and low-cost tool to trace the geographical origin of Ethiopian coffee. All together this study offers the proof of concept for a promising method that, upon standardization, could be used for coffee provenance authentication and fraud detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Worku
- Department of Horticulture and Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P. O. Box 307, Jimma, Ethiopia; Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Hari Ram Upadhayay
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Department, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Kris Latruwe
- Atomic and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281, S12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alex Taylor
- Consolidated Radioisotope Facility, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - William Blake
- Consolidated Radioisotope Facility, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, UK
| | - Frank Vanhaecke
- Atomic and Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Campus Sterre, Krijgslaan 281, S12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, D1 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pascal Boeckx
- Isotope Bioscience Laboratory - ISOFYS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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22
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Comprehensive Isotopic Data Evaluation (CIDE) of Carbon Isotope Ratios for Quality Assessment and Traceability of Coffee. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Godinho DP, Serrano HC, Da Silva AB, Branquinho C, Magalhães S. Effect of Cadmium Accumulation on the Performance of Plants and of Herbivores That Cope Differently With Organic Defenses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1723. [PMID: 30546373 PMCID: PMC6279943 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Some plants are able to accumulate in their shoots metals at levels that are toxic to most other organisms. This ability may serve as a defence against herbivores. Therefore, both metal-based and organic defences may affect herbivores. However, how metal accumulation affects the interaction between herbivores and organic plant defences remains overlooked. To fill this gap, we studied the interactions between tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a model plant that accumulates cadmium, and two spider-mite species, Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus evansi that, respectively, induce and suppress organic plant defences, measurable via the activity of trypsin inhibitors. We exposed plants to different concentrations of cadmium and measured its effects on mites and plants. In the plant, despite clear evidence for cadmium accumulation, we did not detect any cadmium effects on traits that reflect the general response of the plant, such as biomass, water content, and carbon/nitrogen ratio. Still, we found effects of cadmium upon the quantity of soluble sugars and on leaf reflectance, where it may indicate structural modifications in the cells. These changes in plant traits affected the performance of spider mites feeding on those plants. Indeed, the oviposition of both spider mite species was higher on plants exposed to low concentrations of cadmium than on control plants, but decreased at concentrations above 0.5 mM. Therefore, herbivores with contrasting responses to organic defences showed a similar hormetic response to metal accumulation by the plants. Additionally, we show that the induction and suppression of plant defences by these spider-mite species was not affected by the amount of cadmium supplied to the plants. Furthermore, the effect of cadmium on the performance of spider mites was not altered by infestation with T. urticae or T. evansi. Together, our results suggest no interaction between cadmium-based and organic plant defences, in our system. This may be useful for plants living in heterogeneous environments, as they may use one or the other defence mechanism, depending on their relative performance in each environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Prino Godinho
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Cristina Serrano
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Cristina Branquinho
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Magalhães
- Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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24
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Metabolomics fingerprint of coffee species determined by untargeted-profiling study using LC-HRMS. Food Chem 2018; 245:603-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Ocvirk M, Ogrinc N, Košir IJ. Determination of the Geographical and Botanical Origin of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) Using Stable Isotopes of C, N, and S. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2021-2026. [PMID: 29397717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b06010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A need exists for a reliable method to determine the geographical and botanical origin of hops. For this study, three sets of samples were collected: the first set comprised 5 German samples; the second set comprised samples of hops from 10 of the world's major hop-growing regions; and the third comprised the 4 main Slovenian regions. The samples were analyzed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to obtain δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values. The δ15N (2.2 ‰ to 8.4 ‰) and δ34S (0.7 ‰ to 12.3 ‰) values were the most discriminating parameters for classifying hop according to geographical origin. ANOVA showed distinct groupings for 8 out of the 10 hop-growing regions. Although it was not possible to distinguish the geographical origin of hops based on δ13C (-28.9 ‰ to -24.7 ‰), in the case of botanical origin, δ13C values proved to be the most discriminative albeit with limited success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Ocvirk
- Institute for Hop Research and Brewing , Cesta Žalskega Tabora 2, SI-3310 Žalec, Slovenia
| | - Nives Ogrinc
- Department of Environmental Sciences, "J. Stefan" Institute , Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Jože Košir
- Institute for Hop Research and Brewing , Cesta Žalskega Tabora 2, SI-3310 Žalec, Slovenia
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26
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The truth is in the isotopes: Authenticating regionally unique South African lamb. Food Chem 2018; 239:926-934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Comparison of Attenuated Total Reflectance Mid-Infrared, Near Infrared, and 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies for the Determination of Coffee's Geographical Origin. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:7210463. [PMID: 29201055 PMCID: PMC5672123 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7210463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensorial properties of Colombian coffee are renowned worldwide, which is reflected in its market value. This raises the threat of fraud by adulteration using coffee grains from other countries, thus creating a demand for robust and cost-effective methods for the determination of geographical origin of coffee samples. Spectroscopic techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), near infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared (mIR) have arisen as strong candidates for the task. Although a body of work exists that reports on their individual performances, a faithful comparison has not been established yet. We evaluated the performance of 1H-NMR, Attenuated Total Reflectance mIR (ATR-mIR), and NIR applied to fraud detection in Colombian coffee. For each technique, we built classification models for discrimination by species (C. arabica versus C. canephora (or robusta)) and by origin (Colombia versus other C. arabica) using a common set of coffee samples. All techniques successfully discriminated samples by species, as expected. Regarding origin determination, ATR-mIR and 1H-NMR showed comparable capacity to discriminate Colombian coffee samples, while NIR fell short by comparison. In conclusion, ATR-mIR, a less common technique in the field of coffee adulteration and fraud detection, emerges as a strong candidate, faster and with lower cost compared to 1H-NMR and more discriminating compared to NIR.
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Fonseca MB, Dias T, Carolino MM, França MGC, Cruz C. Belowground microbes mitigate plant-plant competition. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 262:175-181. [PMID: 28716413 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dimorphandra wilsonii, a Cerrado endemic Fabaceae tree, is threatened by land-use changes. The few remaining individuals occur in areas dominated by alien grasses like Urochloa decumbens. We tested the impact of nitrogen (N) availability and symbionts' presence on mitigating the effects of competition from U. decumbens. Dimorphandra wilsonii seedlings were 50-week pot-cultivated under limiting (3mM) or non-limiting (10mM) N, with or without U. decumbens, and inoculated or not with a N-fixer (Bradyrhizobium sp.) and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF - Glomus etunicatum), both forming symbioses in the field. Since D. wilsonii seedlings grew more and 'lost' fewer nutrients under the symbionts' presence, symbionts mitigated plant-plant competition. Under limiting N, inoculated D. wilsonii seedlings grew more (despite no nodulation), but N fixation was only suggested when inoculated D. wilsonii seedlings competed with U. decumbens. D. wilsonii13C, and substrate's carbon and respiration suggest that only the microbes performing key functions received plant carbon. Under non-limiting N, inoculated D. wilsonii seedlings became enriched in 13C, substrate accumulated carbon and microbial respiration increased, suggesting a more generalist microbial community. Data suggest inoculating D. wilsonii seeds/seedlings with AMF and N-fixers as a conservation measure. However, long-term field-studies need to confirm these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Bacelar Fonseca
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa. Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Teresa Dias
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa. Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria Manuela Carolino
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa. Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marcel Giovanni Costa França
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa. Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Fluorescence spectroscopy as tool for the geographical discrimination of coffees produced in different regions of Minas Gerais State in Brazil. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Cengiz MF, Turan O, Ozdemir D, Albayrak Y, Perincek F, Kocabas H. Geographical origin of imported and domestic teas (Camellia sinensis) from Turkey as determined by stable isotope signatures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1283327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Fatih Cengiz
- Akdeniz University Food Safety and Agricultural Research Center, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Onder Turan
- Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock, The Directorate of Rize Food Control Laboratory, Rize, Turkey
| | - Durmus Ozdemir
- İzmir Institute of Technology, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Urla, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Albayrak
- Akdeniz University, Engineering Faculty, Electric and Electronic Engineering Department, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Perincek
- Akdeniz University Food Safety and Agricultural Research Center, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Halil Kocabas
- Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock, The Directorate of Rize Food Control Laboratory, Rize, Turkey
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31
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Arana VA, Medina J, Esseiva P, Pazos D, Wist J. Classification of Coffee Beans by GC-C-IRMS, GC-MS, and (1)H-NMR. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:8564584. [PMID: 27516919 PMCID: PMC4967985 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8564584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In a previous work using (1)H-NMR we reported encouraging steps towards the construction of a robust expert system for the discrimination of coffees from Colombia versus nearby countries (Brazil and Peru), to assist the recent protected geographical indication granted to Colombian coffee in 2007. This system relies on fingerprints acquired on a 400 MHz magnet and is thus well suited for small scale random screening of samples obtained at resellers or coffee shops. However, this approach cannot easily be implemented at harbour's installations, due to the elevated operational costs of cryogenic magnets. This limitation implies shipping the samples to the NMR laboratory, making the overall approach slower and thereby more expensive and less attractive for large scale screening at harbours. In this work, we report on our attempt to obtain comparable classification results using alternative techniques that have been reported promising as an alternative to NMR: GC-MS and GC-C-IRMS. Although statistically significant information could be obtained by all three methods, the results show that the quality of the classifiers depends mainly on the number of variables included in the analysis; hence NMR provides an advantage since more molecules are detected to obtain a model with better predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Andrea Arana
- Grupo de Investigación Ciencias, Educación y Tecnología (CETIC), Programa de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Atlántico, km 7 Antigua Vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Jessica Medina
- Chemistry Department, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia
| | - Pierre Esseiva
- Institut de Police Scientifique, École des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diego Pazos
- Institut de Police Scientifique, École des Sciences Criminelles, Université de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Wist
- Chemistry Department, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360, Cali, Colombia
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Babova O, Occhipinti A, Maffei ME. Chemical partitioning and antioxidant capacity of green coffee (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora) of different geographical origin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 123:33-9. [PMID: 26837609 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Green coffee beans of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora accessions from different geographical origin (Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, Honduras, Kenya, Mexico, Peru, Uganda and Vietnam) were extracted and the extracts analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for the identification and quantification of chlorogenic acids and caffeine content. Principal component and cluster analyses were used to identify chemical patterns separating the different species and accessions based on their geographical origin. C. canephora showed always a higher caffeine content with respect to C. arabica, whereas the C. arabica accessions from Kenya showed a higher chlorogenic acids and a lower caffeine content. The antioxidant capacity of green coffee extracts was assayed by the reducing power and DPPH assays. The antioxidant capacity correlated with the chlorogenic acids content. The results show that the C. arabica from Kenya possesses the highest chlorogenic acids/caffeine ratio and, among the C. arabica accessions, the highest antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the C. arabica from Kenya is the most suitable green coffee source for nutraceutical applications because of its high antioxidant capacity and low caffeine content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Babova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Occhipinti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin, Italy; Biosfered S.r.l., Academic Spin-Off of the University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin, Italy; Biosfered S.r.l., Academic Spin-Off of the University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, Turin, Italy.
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Mehari B, Redi-Abshiro M, Chandravanshi BS, Combrinck S, McCrindle R. Characterization of the Cultivation Region of Ethiopian Coffee by Elemental Analysis. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1151023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Profiling of phenolic compounds using UPLC–MS for determining the geographical origin of green coffee beans from Ethiopia. J Food Compost Anal 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Multi-element, multi-compound isotope profiling as a means to distinguish the geographical and varietal origin of fermented cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans. Food Chem 2015; 188:576-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Carter JF, Yates HSA, Tinggi U. Isotopic and Elemental Composition of Roasted Coffee as a Guide to Authenticity and Origin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5771-5779. [PMID: 26001050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the stable isotopic and elemental compositions of single-origin, roasted coffees available to retail consumers. The δ(13)C, δ(15)N, and δ(18)O compositions were in agreement with those previously reported for green coffee beans. The δ(15)N composition was seen to be related to organic cultivation, reflected in both δ(2)H and δ(18)O compositions. The δ(13)C composition of extracted caffeine differed little from that of the bulk coffee. Stepwise discriminant analysis with jackknife tests, using isotopic and elemental data, provided up to 77% correct classification of regions of production. Samples from Africa and India were readily classified. The wide range in both isotopic and elemental compositions of samples from other regions, specifically Central/South America, resulted in poor discrimination between or within these regions. Simpler X-Y and geo-spatial plots of the isotopic data provided effective visual means to distinguish between coffees from different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Carter
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Hans S A Yates
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
| | - Ujang Tinggi
- Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield, Queensland 4108, Australia
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37
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Coffee’s country of origin determined by NMR: The Colombian case. Food Chem 2015; 175:500-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Iwasa K, Setoyama D, Shimizu H, Seta H, Fujimura Y, Miura D, Wariishi H, Nagai C, Nakahara K. Identification of 3-methylbutanoyl glycosides in green Coffea arabica beans as causative determinants for the quality of coffee flavors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3742-3751. [PMID: 25837668 DOI: 10.1021/jf5054047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The quality of coffee green beans is generally evaluated by the sensory cupping test, rather than by chemical compound-based criteria. In this study, we examined the relationship between metabolites and cupping scores for 36 varieties of beans, using a nontargeted LC-MS-based metabolic profiling technique. The cupping score was precisely predicted with the metabolic information measured using LC-MS. Two markers that strongly correlated with high cupping scores were determined to be isomers of 3-methylbutanoyl disaccharides (3MDs; 0.01-0.035 g/kg of beans) by spectroscopic analyses after purification, and one of them was a novel structure. Further, both the 3MDs were determined to be precursors of 3-methylbutanoic acid that enhance the quality of coffee. The applicability of 3MDs as universal quality indicators was validated with another sample set. It was concluded that 3MDs are the causative metabolites determining beverage quality and can be utilized for green bean selection and as key compounds for improving the beverage quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Iwasa
- †Research Division, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited (Suntory SIC), 5-2-5 Yamazaki, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-0001, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- ‡Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- †Research Division, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited (Suntory SIC), 5-2-5 Yamazaki, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-0001, Japan
| | - Harumichi Seta
- †Research Division, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited (Suntory SIC), 5-2-5 Yamazaki, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-0001, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- ‡Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miura
- ‡Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Wariishi
- ‡Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- §Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- ∥Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 512-8581, Japan
| | - Chifumi Nagai
- ⊥Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, P.O. Box 100, Kunia, Hawaii 96759, United States
| | - Koichi Nakahara
- †Research Division, Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited (Suntory SIC), 5-2-5 Yamazaki, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-0001, Japan
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Yener S, Romano A, Cappellin L, Granitto PM, Aprea E, Navarini L, Märk TD, Gasperi F, Biasioli F. Tracing coffee origin by direct injection headspace analysis with PTR/SRI-MS. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Espresso beverages of pure origin coffee: mineral characterization, contribution for mineral intake and geographical discrimination. Food Chem 2015; 177:330-8. [PMID: 25660894 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Espresso coffee beverages prepared from pure origin roasted ground coffees from the major world growing regions (Brazil, Ethiopia, Colombia, India, Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, Papua New Guinea, Kenya, Cuba, Timor, Mussulo and China) were characterized and compared in terms of their mineral content. Regular consumption of one cup of espresso contributes to a daily mineral intake varying from 0.002% (sodium; Central America) to 8.73% (potassium; Asia). The mineral profiles of the espresso beverages revealed significant inter- and intra-continental differences. South American pure origin coffees are on average richer in the analyzed elements except for calcium, while samples from Central America have generally lower mineral amounts (except for manganese). Manganese displayed significant differences (p<0.05) among the countries of each characterized continent. Intercontinental and inter-country discrimination between the major world coffee producers were achieved by applying canonical discriminant analysis. Manganese and calcium were found to be the best chemical descriptors for origin.
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41
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Georgiou CA, Danezis GP. Elemental and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry. ADVANCED MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Authentication and traceability of Italian extra-virgin olive oils by means of stable isotopes techniques. Food Chem 2014; 164:12-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Özdestan Ö, van Ruth SM, Alewijn M, Koot A, Romano A, Cappellin L, Biasioli F. Differentiation of specialty coffees by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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44
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Geographic determination of coffee beans using multi-element analysis and isotope ratios of boron and strontium. Food Chem 2013; 142:439-45. [PMID: 24001863 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using chemical and isotopic compositions of coffee beans to identify their geographic origins. Twenty-one Coffea arabica beans collected from 14 countries in 3 major coffee-producing regions, Africa, America and Asia, were analysed for multi-element of B, Rb, Sr, Ba, Fe, Mn and Zn, as well as isotopic compositions of B and Sr. Our results demonstrate that the geographic origin of coffee beans could be classified based on concentrations of Rb, Sr and Ba. However, the isotope ratios of B and Sr provide more sensitive information for the growth localities. Combined with literature data, this study indicates that B and Sr isotopes are excellent indicators of the origin of coffee beans.
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45
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Wei F, Furihata K, Koda M, Hu F, Kato R, Miyakawa T, Tanokura M. (13)C NMR-based metabolomics for the classification of green coffee beans according to variety and origin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10118-25. [PMID: 22989016 DOI: 10.1021/jf3033057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
(13)C NMR-based metabolomics was demonstrated as a useful tool for distinguishing the species and origins of green coffee bean samples of arabica and robusta from six different geographic regions. By the application of information on (13)C signal assignment, significantly different levels of 14 metabolites of green coffee beans were identified in the classifications, including sucrose, caffeine, chlorogenic acids, choline, amino acids, organic acids, and trigonelline, as captured by multivariate analytical models. These studies demonstrate that the species and geographical origin can be quickly discriminated by evaluating the major metabolites of green coffee beans quantitatively using (13)C NMR-based metabolite profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wei
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Santato A, Bertoldi D, Perini M, Camin F, Larcher R. Using elemental profiles and stable isotopes to trace the origin of green coffee beans on the global market. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1132-1140. [PMID: 22972781 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A broad elemental profile incorporating 54 elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Tm, Yb, Re, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi and U) in combination with δ(2) H, δ(13) C, δ(15) N and δ(18) O was used to characterise the composition of 62 green arabica (Coffea arabica) and robusta (Coffea canephora) coffee beans grown in South and Central America, Africa and Asia, the four most internationally renowned areas of production. The δ(2) H, Mg, Fe, Co and Ni content made it possible to correctly assign 95% of green coffee beans to the appropriate variety. Canonical discriminant analysis, performed using δ(13) C, δ(15) N, δ(18) O, Li, Mg, P, K, Mn, Co, Cu, Se, Y, Mo, Cd, La and Ce correctly traced the origin of 98% of coffee beans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Santato
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
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47
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Zhang L, Kujawinski DM, Federherr E, Schmidt TC, Jochmann MA. Caffeine in your drink: natural or synthetic? Anal Chem 2012; 84:2805-10. [PMID: 22339647 DOI: 10.1021/ac203197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to possible adulteration and health concerns, it is important to discriminate between natural and synthetic food ingredients. A new method for compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) by coupling high-temperature reversed-phase liquid chromatography to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HT-RPLC/IRMS) was developed for discrimination of natural and synthetic caffeine contained in all types of drinks. The analytical parameters such as stationary phase, column inner diameter, and column temperature were optimized for the separation of caffeine directly from drinks (without extraction). On the basis of the carbon isotope analysis of 42 natural caffeine samples including coffee beans, tea leaves, guaraná powder, and maté leaves, and 20 synthetic caffeine samples from different sources by high-temperature reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry, it is concluded that there are two distinguishable groups of caffeine δ(13)C-values: one between -25 and -32‰ for natural caffeine, and the other between -33 and -38‰ for synthetic caffeine. Isotope analysis by HT-RPLC/IRMS has been applied to identify the caffeine source in 38 drinks. Four mislabeled products were detected due to added but nonlabeled synthetic caffeine with δ(13)C-values lower than -33‰. This work is the first application of HT-RPLC/IRMS to real-world food samples, which showed several advantages: simple sample preparation (only dilution), high throughput, long-term column stability, and high precision of δ(13)C-value. Thus, HT-RPLC/IRMS can be a very promising tool in stable isotope analysis of nonvolatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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48
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Keidel A, von Stetten D, Rodrigues C, Máguas C, Hildebrandt P. Discrimination of green arabica and Robusta coffee beans by Raman spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:11187-11192. [PMID: 20942389 DOI: 10.1021/jf101999c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an approach that may be applied as an accurate and rapid tool for classifying coffee beans on the basis of the specific kahweol content. Using Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy with 1064 nm excitation it is possible to monitor the characteristic Raman bands of kahweol in green coffee beans without chemical and physical processing of the beans. The procedure was optimized on the basis of 83 and 125 measurements of whole and ground beans, respectively, using coffee samples of two different species, Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora L. (var. Robusta), and different origins (Asia, Africa, and South America). The relative contribution of the kahweol in individual beans can be determined quantitatively by means of a component analysis of the spectra, yielding a spectral kahweol index (σka) that is proportional to the relative content of kahweol in a coffee bean. The reproducibility of the spectroscopic measurement and analysis was found to be 3.5%. Individual beans of the same type and origin reveal a scattering of the σka values. Nevertheless, an unambiguous distinction between Arabica and Robusta samples is possible on the basis of single-bean measurements as the σka values are greater than and less than 10 for Arabica and Robusta coffees, respectively. Measurements of whole and ground beans afforded very similar results, despite the heterogeneous distribution of kahweol within a bean. Unlike conventional analytical techniques, the single-bean sensitivity of the present approach may also allow for a rapid detection of unwanted admixtures of low-value Robusta coffee to high-quality and more expensive Arabica coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Keidel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. PC14, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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49
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Salgueiro L, Martins AP, Correia H. Raw materials: the importance of quality and safety. A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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50
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Menezes EWD. 7th International Food Data Conference: Food composition and biodiversity. J Food Compost Anal 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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