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Michael C, Mendonça-Gomes JM, DePaolo CW, Di Cristofano A, de Oliveira S. A zebrafish xenotransplant model of anaplastic thyroid cancer to study tumor microenvironment and innate immune cell interactions in vivo. Endocr Relat Cancer 2024; 31:e230195. [PMID: 38657656 PMCID: PMC11160356 DOI: 10.1530/erc-23-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is of the most aggressive thyroid cancer. While ATC is rare, it accounts for a disproportionately high number of thyroid cancer-related deaths. Here, we developed an ATC xenotransplant model in zebrafish larvae, where we can study tumorigenesis and therapeutic response in vivo. Using both mouse (T4888M) and human (C643)-derived fluorescently labeled ATC cell lines, we show these cell lines display different engraftment rates, mass volume, proliferation, cell death, angiogenic potential, and neutrophil and macrophage recruitment and infiltration. Next, using a PIP-FUCCI reporter to track proliferation in vivo, we observed cells in each phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, we performed long-term non-invasive intravital microscopy over 48 h to understand cellular dynamics in the tumor microenvironment at the single-cell level. Lastly, we tested two drug treatments, AZD2014 and a combination therapy of dabrafenib and trametinib, to show our model could be used as an effective screening platform for new therapeutic compounds for ATC. Altogether, we show that zebrafish xenotransplants make a great model to study thyroid carcinogenesis and the tumor microenvironment, while also being a suitable model to test new therapeutics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Michael
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Clinton Walton DePaolo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Di Cristofano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sofia de Oliveira
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hepatology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Wang L, Li W, Li Y, Chen G, Zhao L, Li W, Wang S, Wang C, Feng Y, Zhang Y. Dried tangerine peel polysaccharide (DTPP) alleviates hepatic steatosis by suppressing TLR4/MD-2-mediated inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107369. [PMID: 38640721 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex pathogenic metabolic syndrome characterized by increased inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In recent years, natural polysaccharides derived from traditional Chinese medicine have shown significant anti-inflammatory effects, making them an attractive therapeutic option. However, little research has been conducted on the therapeutic potential of dried tangerine peel polysaccharide (DTPP) - one of the most important medicinal resources in China. The results of the present study showed that DTPP substantially reduced macrophage infiltration in vivo and suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes. Additionally, surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that DTPP had a specific affinity to myeloid differentiation factor 2, which consequently suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via interaction with the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. This study provides a potential molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of DTPP on NAFLD and suggests DTPP as a promising therapeutic strategy for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China; Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxi Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Yinggang Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Gengrui Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Wu Li
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yanxian Feng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology Drug & Engineering Technology Research Center, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Wang P, Liu Y, Wei L, Wang J, Wang J, Du B. Development of a Novel Prognostic Model for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Insights into Immune Cell Interactions and Drug Sensitivity. Cancer Invest 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38616306 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2340576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) presents a five-year survival rate below 20%, underscoring the need for improved prognostic markers. Our study analyzed ESCC-specific datasets to identify consistently differentially expressed genes. A Venn analysis followed by gene network interactions revealed 23 key genes, from which we built a prognostic model using the COX algorithm (p = 0.000245, 3-year AUC = 0.967). This model stratifies patients into risk groups, with high-risk individuals showing worse outcomes and lower chemotherapy sensitivity. Moreover, a link between risk scores and M2 macrophage infiltration, as well as significant correlations with immune checkpoint genes (e.g., SIGLEC15, PDCD1LG2, and HVCR2), was discovered. High-risk patients had lower Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) values, suggesting potential responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Our efficient 23-gene prognostic model for ESCC indicates a dual utility in assessing prognosis and guiding therapeutic decisions, particularly in the context of ICB therapy for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Center of Healthy Aging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- Center of Healthy Aging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, PR China
| | - Lingyu Wei
- Central Laboratory of Clinical Research, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- Center of Healthy Aging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Wang
- First Clinical College of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- Center of Healthy Aging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, PR China
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Yin X, Dong L, Wang X, Qin Z, Ma Y, Ke X, Li Y, Wang Q, Mi Y, Lyu Q, Xu X, Zheng P, Tang Y. Perilipin 5 regulates hepatic stellate cell activation and high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:166-178. [PMID: 37202925 PMCID: PMC11079159 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases globally. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major effector cells of liver fibrosis. HSCs contain abundant lipid droplets (LDs) in their cytoplasm during quiescence. Perilipin 5 (PLIN 5) is a LD surface-associated protein that plays a crucial role in lipid homeostasis. However, little is known about the role of PLIN 5 in HSC activation. METHODS PLIN 5 was overexpressed in HSCs of Sprague-Dawley rats by lentivirus transfection. At the same time, PLIN 5 gene knockout mice were constructed and fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks to study the role of PLIN 5 in NAFLD. The corresponding reagent kits were used to measure TG, GSH, Caspase 3 activity, ATP level, and mitochondrial DNA copy number. Metabolomic analysis of mice liver tissue metabolism was performed based on UPLC-MS/MS. AMPK, mitochondrial function, cell proliferation, and apoptosis-related genes and proteins were detected by western blotting and qPCR. RESULTS Overexpression of PLIN 5 in activated HSCs led to a decrease in ATP levels in mitochondria, inhibition of cell proliferation, and a significant increase in cell apoptosis through AMPK activation. In addition, compared with the HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice, PLIN 5 knockout mice fed with HFD showed reduced liver fat deposition, decreased LD abundance and size, and reduced liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the unique regulatory role of PLIN 5 in HSCs and the role of PLIN 5 in the fibrosis process of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecui Yin
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Pediatricsthe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Pediatricsthe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhenzhen Qin
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuying Ma
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiaofei Ke
- Department of Pediatricsthe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Quanjun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Nutritionthe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Co‐innovation Center of Henan Province for New drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Pengyuan Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Youcai Tang
- Department of Internal Medicinethe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Henan Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chronic Liver Injury and Henan Provincial Outstanding Overseas Scientists Chronic Liver Injury Studiothe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Roy D, Subramaniam B, Chong WC, Bornhorst M, Packer RJ, Nazarian J. Zebrafish-A Suitable Model for Rapid Translation of Effective Therapies for Pediatric Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1361. [PMID: 38611039 PMCID: PMC11010887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancers are the leading cause of disease-related deaths in children and adolescents. Most of these tumors are difficult to treat and have poor overall survival. Concerns have also been raised about drug toxicity and long-term detrimental side effects of therapies. In this review, we discuss the advantages and unique attributes of zebrafish as pediatric cancer models and their importance in targeted drug discovery and toxicity assays. We have also placed a special focus on zebrafish models of pediatric brain cancers-the most common and difficult solid tumor to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Roy
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Bavani Subramaniam
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Wai Chin Chong
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Miriam Bornhorst
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Roger J. Packer
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20012, USA; (D.R.)
- DIPG/DMG Research Center Zurich, Children’s Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Zürich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Perazza F, Leoni L, Colosimo S, Musio A, Bocedi G, D’Avino M, Agnelli G, Nicastri A, Rossetti C, Sacilotto F, Marchesini G, Petroni ML, Ravaioli F. Metformin and the Liver: Unlocking the Full Therapeutic Potential. Metabolites 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38668314 PMCID: PMC11052067 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a highly effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown that it has significant therapeutic benefits in various organ systems, particularly the liver. Although the effects of metformin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are still being debated, it has positive effects on cirrhosis and anti-tumoral properties, which can help prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, it has been proven to improve insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia, commonly associated with liver diseases. While more studies are needed to fully determine the safety and effectiveness of metformin use in liver diseases, the results are highly promising. Indeed, metformin has a terrific potential for extending its full therapeutic properties beyond its traditional use in managing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Perazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Laura Leoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Santo Colosimo
- Doctorate School of Nutrition Science, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Giulia Bocedi
- U.O. Diabetologia, Ospedale C. Magati, Scandiano, 42019 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Michela D’Avino
- S.C. Endocrinologia Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Giulio Agnelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Alba Nicastri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Chiara Rossetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Federica Sacilotto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Maria Letizia Petroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
| | - Federico Ravaioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.P.); (L.L.); (G.A.); (A.N.); (C.R.); (F.S.); (G.M.); (M.L.P.)
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Zhang BL, Liu J, Diao G, Chang J, Xue J, Huang Z, Zhao H, Yu L, Cai J. Construction and Validation of a Novel Nomogram Predicting Recurrence in Alpha-Fetoprotein-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Post-Surgery Using an Innovative Liver Function-Nutrition-Inflammation-Immune (LFNII) Score: A Bicentric Investigation. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:489-508. [PMID: 38463544 PMCID: PMC10924898 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s451357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose We developed a nomogram based on the liver function, nutrition, inflammation, and immunity (LFNII) score to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) post-resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibiting alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) negativity (AFP ≤20 ng/mL). Patients and Methods Clinical data of 661 patients diagnosed with alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (AFP-NHCC) who underwent surgical resection at two medical centers between 2012 and 2021 were collected. A total of 462 and 199 patients served as the training and validation sets, respectively. Pre-operative blood markers were collected and analyzed for LFNII. The LFNII score was formulated using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model. A nomogram model was developed using the training set to incorporate other relevant clinicopathological indicators and predict postoperative recurrence. Model discrimination was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration was evaluated using a calibration curve, and clinical applicability was assessed using clinical decision curve analysis. A comparison with liver cancer staging was performed using the nomogram model. Finally, a cohort study was conducted to validate our findings. Results We derived the LFNII scores from nine indicators. Elevated LFNII scores correlated with unfavorable clinicopathological features. The LFNII score area under the curve revealed superior predictive efficacy at 1-, 2-, and 5-year RFS intervals, with values of 0.675, 0.658, and 0.633, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that a high LFNII score independently increased RFS risk in patients with AFP-NHCC. The C-index of the LFNII-nomogram model was 0.686 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.651-0.721). The nomogram model's clinical application value surpassed that of standard HCC staging systems. Conclusion The LFNII score-derived nomogram effectively predicted the RFS of patients with AFP-NHCC after curative resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghao Diao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junshuai Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingxiang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Sun B, Kang Y, Zhou J, Feng Y, Wang W, Wu X, Zhang X, Li M. Association Between Different Types of Physical Activity and Hepatic Steatosis and Liver Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on NHANES. J Clin Gastroenterol 2024:00004836-990000000-00270. [PMID: 38457411 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Many studies have shown a link between physical activity (PA) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, more research is needed to investigate the relationship between different types of PA and NAFLD. This study aimed to explore the potential link between different types of PA, hepatic steatosis, and liver fibrosis. STUDY A cross-sectional study was conducted using the data set from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017 to 2020. A multiple linear regression model was used to examine the linear relationship between different types of PA, the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). In addition, smoothing curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were used to depict their nonlinear relationship. RESULTS This study involved 5933 adults. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significantly negative correlation between leisure-time PA and CAP, while the relationship between occupation-related PA, transportation-related PA, and CAP was not significant. Subgroup analysis further revealed that leisure-time PA was significantly negatively correlated with CAP in women and younger age groups (under 60 y old), while the relationship was not significant in men and older age groups. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between leisure-time PA and liver fibrosis in men. CONCLUSIONS Leisure-time PA can prevent hepatic steatosis, and women and young people benefit more. Occupation-related PA is not associated with hepatic steatosis and cannot replace leisure-time PA. In men, increasing leisure-time PA is more effective in preventing liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology
| | | | | | - Ying Feng
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology
| | - Wutao Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Minli Li
- Department of Cadre Gastroenterology
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Xu Q, Zhang J, Lu Y, Wu L. Association of metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease with polycystic ovary syndrome. iScience 2024; 27:108783. [PMID: 38292434 PMCID: PMC10825666 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has a prevalence of over 25% in adults, encompasses a wide spectrum of liver diseases. Metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the new term for NAFLD, is characterized by steatotic liver disease accompanied by cardiometabolic criteria, showing a strong correlation with metabolic diseases. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease affecting 4-21% of women of reproductive age. Numerous studies have indicated that NAFLD and PCOS often occur together. However, as MASLD is a new term, there is still a lack of reports describing the effects of MASLD on the development of PCOS. In this review article, we have summarized the complex and multifaceted connections between MASLD and PCOS. Understanding the pathogenesis and treatment methods could not only guide the clinical prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PCOS in patients with MASLD, but also increase the clinical attention of reproductive doctors to MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Xu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tan Y, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Wu Z, Xu Q, Wu Q, Yang J, Lv T, Yan L, Luo H, Shi Y, Yang J. Repaglinide restrains HCC development and progression by targeting FOXO3/lumican/p53 axis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024:10.1007/s13402-024-00919-9. [PMID: 38326640 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-024-00919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The recent focus on the roles of N-linked glycoproteins in carcinogenesis across various malignancies has prompted our exploration of aberrantly expressed glycoproteins responsible for HCC progression and potential therapeutic strategy. METHODS Mass spectrometry was applied to initially identify abnormally expressed glycoproteins in HCC, which was further assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The role of selected glycoprotein on HCC development and underlying mechanism was systematically investigated by colony formation, mouse xenograft, RNA-sequencing and western blot assays, etc. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays were performed to explore potential transcription factors (TFs) of selected glycoprotein. The regulation of repaglinide (RPG) on expression of lumican and downstream effectors was assessed by western blot and IHC, while its impact on malignant phenotypes of HCC was explored through in vitro and in vivo analyses, including a murine NASH-HCC model established using western diet and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). RESULTS Lumican exhibited upregulation in both serum and tumor tissue, with elevated expression associated with an inferior prognosis in HCC patients. Knockdown of lumican resulted in significantly reduced growth of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, lumican promoted HCC malignant phenotypes by inhibiting the p53/p21 signaling pathway. Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) was identified as the TF of lumican that transcriptionally enhanced its expression. Without silencing FOXO3, RPG blocked the binding of FOXO3 to the promoter region of lumican, thereby inhibiting the activation of lumican/p53/p21 axis. Mice treated with RPG developed fewer and smaller HCCs than those in the control group at 24 weeks after establishment. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that RPG prevented the development and progression of HCC via alteration of FOXO3/lumican/p53 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Tan
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ultrasonography, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lvnan Yan
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Ultrasonography, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yujun Shi
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center and Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Laboratory of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Wang Q, Wei X. Research Progress on the Use of Metformin in Leukemia Treatment. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024; 25:220-236. [PMID: 38286894 PMCID: PMC10873432 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Metformin is a first-line drug in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its main molecular mechanism involves the activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates cell energy metabolism. Many clinical studies have shown that metformin can reduce the incidence and mortality of cancer in patients with or without diabetes. In vitro studies also confirmed that metformin can inhibit proliferation, promote apoptosis, and enhance the response of cells to chemical drugs and other anticancer effects on a variety of leukemia cells. In recent years, leukemia has become one of the most common malignant diseases. Although great progress has been made in therapeutic approaches for leukemia, novel drugs and better treatments are still needed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of these treatments. This article reviews the application status and possible mechanism of metformin in the treatment of leukemia to further understand the anticancer mechanism of metformin and expand its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Xudong Wei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
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12
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Sui Q, Hu Z, Liang J, Lu T, Bian Y, Jin X, Li M, Huang Y, Yang H, Wang Q, Lin Z, Chen Z, Zhan C. Targeting TAM-secreted S100A9 effectively enhances the tumor-suppressive effect of metformin in treating lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 581:216497. [PMID: 38008395 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Metformin's effect on tumor treatment was complex, because it significantly reduced cancer cell proliferation in vitro, but made no difference in prognosis in several clinical cohorts. Our transcriptome sequencing results revealed that tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration significantly increased in active lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with long-term metformin use. We further identified that the tumor suppressive effect of metformin was more significant in mice after the depletion of macrophages, suggesting that TAMs might play an important role in metformin's effects in LUAD. Combining 10X Genomics single-cell sequencing of tumor samples, transcriptome sequencing of metformin-treated TAMs, and the ChIP-Seq data of the Encode database, we identified and validated that metformin significantly increased the expression and secretion of S100A9 of TAMs through AMPK-CEBP/β pathway. For the downstream, S100A9 binds to RAGE receptors on the surface of LUAD cells, and then activates the NF-κB pathway to promote EMT and progression of LUAD, counteracting the inhibitory effect of metformin on LUAD cells. In cell-derived xenograft models (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft models (PDX) models, our results showed that neutralizing antibodies targeting TAM-secreted S100A9 effectively enhanced the tumor suppressive effect of metformin in treating LUAD. Our results will enable us to better comprehend the complex role of metformin in LUAD, and advance its clinical application in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihai Sui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huiqiang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zongwu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhencong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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13
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Mai Y, Meng L, Deng G, Qin Y. The Role of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-Related Risk Factors and Drugs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:159-171. [PMID: 38268569 PMCID: PMC10806369 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s441672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
With changes in modern lifestyles, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a global epidemic metabolic disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. T2DM is a complex metabolic disorder and has been considered an independent risk factor for HCC. Growing evidence supports that T2DM-related risk factors facilitate hepatocarcinogenesis via abundant mechanisms. With the wide implementation of microbiomics, transcriptomics, and immunotherapy, the understanding of the complex mechanisms of intestinal flora and immune cell subsets have advanced tremendously in T2DM-related HCC, uncovering new findings in T2DM-related HCC patients. In addition, reports have indicated the different effects of anti-DM drugs on the progression of HCC. In this review, we summarize the effects of major T2DM-related risk factors (including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin, chronic inflammation, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, gut microbiota and immunomodulation), and anti-DM drugs on the carcinogensis and progression of HCC, as well as their potential molecular mechanisms. In addition, other factors (miRNAs, genes, and lifestyle) related to T2DM-related HCC are discussed. We propose a refined concept by which T2DM-related risk factors and anti-DM drugs contribute to HCC and discuss research directions prompted by such evidence worth pursuing in the coming years. Finally, we put forward novel therapeutic approaches to improve the prognosis of T2DM-related HCC, including exploiting novel diagnostic biomarkers, combination therapy with immunocheckpoint inhibitors, and enhancement of the standardized management of T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Mai
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liheng Meng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ganlu Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Wang Y, Fleishman JS, Li T, Li Y, Ren Z, Chen J, Ding M. Pharmacological therapy of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-driven hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1336216. [PMID: 38313077 PMCID: PMC10834746 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1336216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In light of a global rise in the number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now known as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), has become the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with the annual occurrence of MASLD-driven HCC expected to increase by 45%-130% by 2030. Although MASLD has become a serious major public health threat globally, the exact molecular mechanisms mediating MASLD-driven HCC remain an open problem, necessitating future investigation. Meanwhile, emerging studies are focusing on the utility of bioactive compounds to halt the progression of MASLD to MASLD-driven HCC. In this review, we first briefly review the recent progress of the possible mechanisms of pathogenesis and progression for MASLD-driven HCC. We then discuss the application of bioactive compounds to mitigate MASLD-driven HCC through different modulatory mechanisms encompassing anti-inflammatory, lipid metabolic, and gut microbial pathways, providing valuable information for future treatment and prevention of MASLD-driven HCC. Nonetheless, clinical research exploring the effectiveness of herbal medicines in the treatment of MASLD-driven HCC is still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Joshua S Fleishman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Tongda Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchao Ding
- Department of Peripheral Vascular Intervention, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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15
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Kwiatkowska I, Hermanowicz JM, Czarnomysy R, Surażyński A, Kowalczuk K, Kałafut J, Przybyszewska-Podstawka A, Bielawski K, Rivero-Müller A, Mojzych M, Pawlak D. Assessment of an Anticancer Effect of the Simultaneous Administration of MM-129 and Indoximod in the Colorectal Cancer Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:122. [PMID: 38201550 PMCID: PMC10778160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of the given study was to examine the antitumor activity of the simultaneous administration of MM-129, a 1,2,4-triazine derivative, and indoximod (IND), the kynurenine pathway inhibitor, toward colon cancer. (2) Methods: The efficiency of the co-administration of the studied compounds was assessed in xenografted zebrafish embryos. Then, the effects of the combined administration of compounds on cellular processes such as cell viability, apoptosis, and intracellular signaling pathways were evaluated. In vitro studies were performed using two colorectal cancer cell lines, namely, DLD-1 and HT-29. (3) Results: The results indicated that the simultaneous application of MM-129 and indoximod induced a stronger inhibition of tumor growth in zebrafish xenografts. The combination of these compounds intensified the process of apoptosis by lowering the mitochondrial potential, enhancing the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) and activation of caspases. Additionally, the expression of protein kinase B (AKT) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-(1IDO1) was disrupted under the applied compound combination. (4) Conclusions: Simultaneous targeting of ongoing cell signaling that promotes tumor progression, along with inhibition of the kynurenine pathway enzyme IDO1, results in the enhancement of the antitumor effect of the tested compounds against the colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kwiatkowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Kowalczuk
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M Skłodowskiej-Curie 7A, 15-096 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kałafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Alicja Przybyszewska-Podstawka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Faculty of Health Science, Collegium Medicum, The Mazovian Academy in Plock, Plac Dabrowskiego 2, 09-402 Plock, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
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16
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Ruan G, Wu F, Shi D, Sun H, Wang F, Xu C. Metformin: update on mechanisms of action on liver diseases. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1327814. [PMID: 38192642 PMCID: PMC10773879 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1327814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Substantial attention has been paid to the various effects of metformin on liver diseases; the liver is the targeted organ where metformin exerts its antihyperglycemic properties. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), studies have shown that metformin affects the ATP/AMP ratio to activate AMPK, subsequently governing lipid metabolism. The latest research showed that low-dose metformin targets the lysosomal AMPK pathway to decrease hepatic triglyceride levels through the PEN2-ATP6AP1 axis in an AMP-independent manner. Metformin regulates caspase-3, eukaryotic initiation factor-2a (eIF2a), and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in palmitate-exposed HepG2 cells, alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Recent observations highlighted the critical association with intestinal flora, as confirmed by the finding that metformin decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides fragilis while increasing Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium bifidum. The suppression of intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the elevation of short-chain fatty acids resulted in the upregulation of tight junction protein and the alleviation of hepatic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, metformin delayed the progression of cirrhosis by regulating the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) via the TGF-β1/Smad3 and succinate-GPR91 pathways. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), metformin impeded the cell cycle and enhanced the curative effect of antitumor medications. Moreover, metformin protects against chemical-induced and drug-induced liver injury (DILI) against hepatotoxic drugs. These findings suggest that metformin may have pharmacological efficacy against liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyi Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangquan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dibang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangyan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Changlong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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17
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Lin H, Ao H, Guo G, Liu M. The Role and Mechanism of Metformin in Inflammatory Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5545-5564. [PMID: 38026260 PMCID: PMC10680465 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s436147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a classical drug used to treat type 2 diabetes. With the development of research on metformin, it has been found that metformin also has several advantages aside from its hypoglycemic effect, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-cancer, improving intestinal flora, and other effects. The prevention of inflammation is critical because chronic inflammation is associated with numerous diseases of considerable public health. Therefore, there has been growing interest in the role of metformin in treating various inflammatory conditions. However, the precise anti-inflammatory mechanisms of metformin were inconsistent in the reported studies. Thus, this review aims to summarize various currently known possible mechanisms of metformin involved in inflammatory diseases and provide references for the clinical application of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lin
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyong Ao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Guo
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhuo Liu
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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18
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He W, Wang X, Chen M, Li C, Chen W, Pan L, Cui Y, Yu Z, Wu G, Yang Y, Xu M, Dong Z, Ma K, Wang J, He Z. Metformin reduces hepatocarcinogenesis by inducing downregulation of Cyp26a1 and CD8 + T cells. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1465. [PMID: 37997519 PMCID: PMC10668005 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer with major challenges in both prevention and therapy. Metformin, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, has been suggested to reduce the incidence of HCC when used for patients with diabetes in preclinical and clinical studies. However, the possible effects of metformin and their mechanisms of action in non-diabetic HCC have not been adequately investigated. METHODS Fah-/- mice were used to construct a liver-injury-induced non-diabetic HCC model for exploring hepatocarcinogenesis and therapeutic potential of metformin. Changes in relevant tumour and biochemical indicators were measured. Bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses were performed to validate the crucial role of proinflammatory/pro-tumour CD8+ T cells. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to confirm Cyp26a1-related antitumour mechanisms of metformin. RESULTS RNA-sequencing analysis showed that chronic liver injury led to significant changes in AMPK-, glucose- and retinol metabolism-related pathways in Fah-/- mice. Metformin prevented the formation of non-diabetic HCC in Fah-/- mice with chronic liver injury. Cyp26a1 ddexpression in hepatocytes was significantly suppressed after metformin treatment. Moreover, downregulation of Cyp26a1 occurred in conjunction with increased levels of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), which is involved in the activation of metformin-suppressed hepatocarcinogenesis in Fah-/- mice. In contrast, both CD8+ T-cell infiltration and proinflammatory/pro-tumour cytokines in the liver were significantly upregulated in Fah-/- mice during chronic liver injury, which was notably reversed by either metformin or atRA treatment. Regarding mechanisms, metformin regulated the decrease in Cyp26a1 enzyme expression and increased atRA expression via the AMPK/STAT3/Gadd45β/JNK/c-Jun pathway. CONCLUSIONS Metformin inhibits non-diabetic HCC by upregulating atRA levels and downregulating CD8+ T cells. This is the first reporting that the traditional drug metformin regulates the metabolite atRA via the Cyp26a1-involved pathway. The present study provides a potential application of metformin and atRA in non-diabetic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, International Co‐Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical SciencesShanghai Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsShanghaiChina
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chong Li
- Zhoupu Community Health Service Center of Pudong New AreaShanghaiChina
| | - Wenjian Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lili Pan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yangyang Cui
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Postgraduate Training Base of Shanghai East HospitalJinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhouLiaoningChina
| | - Zhao Yu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guoxiu Wu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mingyang Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhaoxuan Dong
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Keming Ma
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jinghan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryShanghai East Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiying He
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Ji'an Hospital, Shanghai East HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Stem Cells Translational MedicineShanghaiChina
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Shimizu N, Shiraishi H, Hanada T. Zebrafish as a Useful Model System for Human Liver Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2246. [PMID: 37759472 PMCID: PMC10526867 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases represent a significant global health challenge, thereby necessitating extensive research to understand their intricate complexities and to develop effective treatments. In this context, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a valuable model organism for studying various aspects of liver disease. The zebrafish liver has striking similarities to the human liver in terms of structure, function, and regenerative capacity. Researchers have successfully induced liver damage in zebrafish using chemical toxins, genetic manipulation, and other methods, thereby allowing the study of disease mechanisms and the progression of liver disease. Zebrafish embryos or larvae, with their transparency and rapid development, provide a unique opportunity for high-throughput drug screening and the identification of potential therapeutics. This review highlights how research on zebrafish has provided valuable insights into the pathological mechanisms of human liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
| | | | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Department of Cell Biology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu 879-5593, Oita, Japan;
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Luo Z, Wang B, Luo F, Guo Y, Jiang N, Wei J, Wang X, Tseng Y, Chen J, Zhao B, Liu J. Establishment of a large-scale patient-derived high-risk colorectal adenoma organoid biobank for high-throughput and high-content drug screening. BMC Med 2023; 21:336. [PMID: 37667332 PMCID: PMC10478412 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal adenoma (CA), especially high-risk CA (HRCA), is a precancerous lesion with high prevalence and recurrence rate and accounts for about 90% incidence of sporadic colorectal cancer cases worldwide. Currently, recurrent CA can only be treated with repeated invasive polypectomies, while safe and promising pharmaceutical invention strategies are still missing due to the lack of reliable in vitro model for CA-related drug screening. METHODS We have established a large-scale patient-derived high-risk colorectal adenoma organoid (HRCA-PDO) biobank containing 37 PDO lines derived from 33 patients and then conducted a series of high-throughput and high-content HRCA drug screening. RESULTS We established the primary culture system with the non-WNT3a medium which highly improved the purity while maintained the viability of HRCA-PDOs. We also proved that the HRCA-PDOs replicated the histological features, cellular diversity, genetic mutations, and molecular characteristics of the primary adenomas. Especially, we identified the dysregulated stem genes including LGR5, c-Myc, and OLFM4 as the markers of adenoma, which are well preserved in HRCA-PDOs. Based on the HRCA-PDO biobank, a customized 139 compound library was applied for drug screening. Four drugs including metformin, BMS754807, panobinostat and AT9283 were screened out as potential hits with generally consistent inhibitory efficacy on HRCA-PDOs. As a representative, metformin was discovered to hinder HRCA-PDO growth in vitro and in vivo by restricting the stemness maintenance. CONCLUSIONS This study established a promising HRCA-PDO biobank and conducted the first high-throughput and high-content HRCA drug screening in order to shed light on the prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongguang Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bangting Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yumeng Guo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinsong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yujen Tseng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Institute of Organoid Technology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Convertini P, Santarsiero A, Todisco S, Gilio M, Palazzo D, Pappalardo I, Iacobazzi D, Frontuto M, Infantino V. ACLY as a modulator of liver cell functions and its role in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:568. [PMID: 37620891 PMCID: PMC10463545 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), now better known as Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) and its progression to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), more recently referred to as Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) are the most common causes of liver failure and chronic liver damage. The new names emphasize the metabolic involvement both in relation to liver function and pathological features with extrahepatic manifestations. This study aims to explore the role of the immunometabolic enzyme ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), with a critical function in lipogenesis, carbohydrate metabolism, gene expression and inflammation. METHODS ACLY function was investigated in TNFα-triggered human hepatocytes and in PBMC-derived macrophages from MASH patients. Evaluation of expression levels was carried out by western blotting and/or RT-qPCR. In the presence or absence of ACLY inhibitors, ROS, lipid peroxidation and GSSG oxidative stress biomarkers were quantified. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), transient transfections, immunocytochemistry, histone acetylation quantitation were used to investigate ACLY function in gene expression reprogramming. IL-6 and IL-1β were quantified by Lumit immunoassays. RESULTS Mechanistically, ACLY inhibition reverted lipid accumulation and oxidative damage while reduced secretion of inflammatory cytokines in TNFα-triggered human hepatocytes. These effects impacted not only on lipid metabolism but also on other crucial features of liver function such as redox status and production of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, ACLY mRNA levels together with those of malic enzyme 1 (ME1) increased in human PBMC-derived macrophages from MASH patients when compared to age-matched healthy controls. Remarkably, a combination of hydroxycitrate (HCA), the natural ACLY inhibitor, with red wine powder (RWP) significantly lowered ACLY and ME1 mRNA amount as well as IL-6 and IL-1β production in macrophages from subjects with MASH. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings for the first time highlight a broad spectrum of ACLY functions in liver as well as in the pathogenesis of MASH and its diagnostic and therapeutic potential value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Convertini
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Anna Santarsiero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Simona Todisco
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Michele Gilio
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Via Potito Petrone, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Donatella Palazzo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Via Potito Petrone, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pappalardo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Dominga Iacobazzi
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Maria Frontuto
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Carlo Hospital, Via Potito Petrone, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
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22
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Yuan Y, Wu D, Li J, Huang D, Zhao Y, Gao T, Zhuang Z, Cui Y, Zheng DY, Tang Y. Mechanisms of tumor-associated macrophages affecting the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1217400. [PMID: 37663266 PMCID: PMC10470150 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1217400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential components of the immune cell stroma of hepatocellular carcinoma. TAMs originate from monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells, peripheral blood monocytes, and kupffer cells. The recruitment of monocytes to the HCC tumor microenvironment is facilitated by various factors, leading to their differentiation into TAMs with unique phenotypes. TAMs can directly activate or inhibit the nuclear factor-κB, interleukin-6/signal transducer and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β1/bone morphogenetic protein, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways in tumor cells and interact with other immune cells via producing cytokines and extracellular vesicles, thus affecting carcinoma cell proliferation, invasive and migratory, angiogenesis, liver fibrosis progression, and other processes to participate in different stages of tumor progression. In recent years, TAMs have received much attention as a prospective treatment target for HCC. This review describes the origin and characteristics of TAMs and their mechanism of action in the occurrence and development of HCC to offer a theoretical foundation for further clinical research of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dailin Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Gao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenjie Zhuang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Da-Yong Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatology, TCM-Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary, Cancer Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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23
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Lu CF, Cang XM, Liu WS, Wang LH, Huang HY, Sang SM, Wang XQ, Fang XX, Xu F. Association between the platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results from NHANES 2017-2020. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:130. [PMID: 37568178 PMCID: PMC10422828 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR) is a novel inflammatory and hypercoagulability marker that represents the severity of metabolic syndrome. Liver metabolic syndrome is manifested by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is associated with inflammation and hypercoagulability. This cross-sectional investigation aimed to identify the relationship between PHR and NAFLD. Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020 were evaluated for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis using vibration-controlled transient elastography. The PHR was calculated as the ratio of platelets to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Increased PHR was associated with an increased incidence of NAFLD and hepatic fibrosis. Compared with patients in the first PHR quartile, after adjustment for clinical variables, the corresponding odds ratio (OR) for NAFLD in the fourth quartile was 2.36 (95% CI, 1.76 to 3.18) (p < 0.05); however, the OR for hepatic fibrosis was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Furthermore, restricted cubic spline analyses showed an S-shaped association between PHR and NAFLD and an L-shaped relationship between PHR and hepatic fibrosis. The results support the effectiveness of PHR as a marker for NAFLD and hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, interventions to improve the PHR may be of benefit in reducing the incidence of both hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-feng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-Er-Xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Xiao-min Cang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-Er-Xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Wang-shu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-Er-Xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Li-hua Wang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-Er-Xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Hai-yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-Er-Xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Sheng-mei Sang
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-Er-Xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Xue-qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-Er-Xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Xing-xing Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-Er-Xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, No. 6 North Hai-Er-Xiang Road, Nantong, 226001 China
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Hu Z, Zhao Y, Li L, Jiang J, Li W, Mang Y, Gao Y, Dong Y, Zhu J, Yang C, Ran J, Li L, Zhang S. Metformin promotes ferroptosis and sensitivity to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ATF4/STAT3. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6399-6413. [PMID: 37326750 PMCID: PMC10374833 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer worldwide, and sorafenib is a first-line drug for the treatment of advanced liver cancer. Resistance to sorafenib has become a major challenge in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, however, studies have shown that metformin can promote ferroptosis and sorafenib sensitivity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the promotion of ferroptosis and sorafenib sensitivity by metformin via ATF4/STAT3 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS Hepatocellular carcinoma cells Huh7 and Hep3B and induced sorafenib resistance (SR) Huh7/SR and Hep3B/SR cells were used as in vitro cell models. Cells were injected subcutaneously to establish a drug-resistant mouse model. CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability and sorafenib IC50. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of relevant proteins. BODIPY staining was used to analyze the lipid peroxidation level in cells. A scratch assay was used to detect cell migration. Transwell assays were used to detect cell invasion. Immunofluorescence was used to localize the expression of ATF4 and STAT3. RESULTS Metformin promoted ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through ATF4/STAT3, decreased sorafenib IC50, increased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels, decreased cell migration and invasion, inhibited the expression of the drug-resistant proteins ABCG2 and P-GP in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and thus inhibited sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Downregulating ATF4 inhibited the phosphorylated nuclear translocation of STAT3, promoted ferroptosis, and increased the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib. Metformin was also shown in animal models to promote ferroptosis and sorafenib sensitivity in vivo via ATF4/STAT3. CONCLUSION Metformin promotes ferroptosis and sensitivity to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via ATF4/STAT3, and it inhibits HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiang Hu
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingpeng Zhao
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Laibang Li
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Wang Li
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanyi Mang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiashun Zhu
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Chaomin Yang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianghua Ran
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li Li
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
| | - Shengning Zhang
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery Department, First People's Hospital of Kunming City & The Calmette Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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Liu J, Wang D, Xie Z, Ding L, Li S, Ma X, Liu J, Ren J, Xiao C, Yang C, Xiao X. Combination of Pioglitazone and Metformin Actions on Liver Lipid Metabolism in Obese Mice. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1199. [PMID: 37627267 PMCID: PMC10452643 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increasing prevalence rate of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) worldwide, efficient pharmacotherapeutic regimens against NAFLD still need to be explored. Previous studies found that pioglitazone and metformin therapy could partly ameliorate NAFLD, but their combination therapy effects have not been researched. In the present study, we assessed the protective effects of metformin and pioglitazone combination therapy on liver lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and investigated the molecular mechanism. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: normal control; HFD control; metformin monotherapy; pioglitazone monotherapy and combined therapy. After 8 weeks of pharmacological intervention, glucose and lipid metabolism characteristics, hepatic histology, lipidomics profiling and RNA-seq analysis were performed. RESULTS The combination of pioglitazone and metformin significantly ameliorated HFD-induced metabolic disturbance and the hepatic oil red O area. A lipidomics analysis showed that combined therapy could significantly reduce the high levels of free fatty acids (FFA), diacylglycerol and triglycerides, while a set of glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids were increased in the combined therapy group. Consistently, an RNA-seq analysis also showed a remarkable reduction in genes associated with FFA uptake and de novo lipogenesis, including Cd36, Fads1, Fads2, Fasn, Scd1, Elovl5 and Pklr in the combined therapy group. CONCLUSIONS Pioglitazone and metformin might have a synergistic protective effect on NAFLD by improving hepatic lipid profiles in HFD-induced mice. Further studies are needed to verify the clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.L.); (D.W.)
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Ziyan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Shunhua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Xuemei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Chunru Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.L.); (D.W.)
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, NHC Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.L.); (D.W.)
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Mukherjee K, Elsayed M, Choksi E, Loya MF, Duszak R, Akce M, Majdalany BS, Bercu ZL, Cristescu M, Kokabi N. Use of Metformin and Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Undergoing Liver Directed Therapy: Analysis of a Nationwide Cancer Registry. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2023; 46:870-879. [PMID: 37217649 PMCID: PMC10619471 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examine the association of metformin use and overall survival (OS) in patients with HCC undergoing image-guided liver-directed therapy (LDT): ablation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), or Yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y90 RE). METHODS Using National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry and Medicare claims databases between 2007 and 2016, we identified patients ≥ 66 years who underwent LDT within 30 days of HCC diagnosis. Patients with liver transplant, surgical resection, and other malignancies were excluded. Metformin use was identified by at least two prescription claims within 6 months before LDT. OS was measured by time between first LDT and death or last Medicare observation. Comparisons were performed between both all and diabetic patients on and not on metformin. RESULTS Of 2746 Medicare beneficiaries with HCC undergoing LDT, 1315 (47.9%) had diabetes or diabetes-related complications. Among all and diabetic patients, 433(15.8%) and 402 (30.6%) were on metformin respectively. Median OS was greater for patients on metformin (19.6 months, 95% CI 17.1-23.0) vs those not (16.0 months, 15.0-16.9; p = 0.0238). Patients on metformin had lower risk of death undergoing ablation (HR 0.70; 0.51-0.95; p = 0.0239) and TACE (HR 0.76, 0.66-0.87; p = 0.0001), but not Y90 RE (HR1.22, 0.89-1.69; p = 0.2231). Among diabetics, OS was greater for those on metformin vs those not (HR 0.77, 0.68-0.88; p < 0.0001). Diabetic patients on metformin had longer OS undergoing TACE (HR 0.71, 0.61-0.83; p < 0.0001), but not ablation (HR 0.74, 0.52-1.04; p = 0.0886) or Y90 RE (HR 1.26, 0.87-1.85; p = 0.2217). CONCLUSION Metformin use is associated with improved survival in HCC patients undergoing TACE and ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, USA
| | - Mohammad Elsayed
- Interventional Radiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Eshani Choksi
- Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Mohammed F Loya
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Institute, Mid-Atlantic Permanente Group, Kaiser Permanente, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Richard Duszak
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mehmet Akce
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bill S Majdalany
- Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-Guided Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zachary L Bercu
- Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-Guided Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mircea Cristescu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nima Kokabi
- Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-Guided Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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27
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Chang C, Li H, Zhang R. Zebrafish facilitate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research: Tools, models and applications. Liver Int 2023; 43:1385-1398. [PMID: 37122203 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an increasingly epidemic metabolic disease worldwide. NAFLD can gradually deteriorate from simple liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis to liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Zebrafish are vertebrate animal models that are genetically and metabolically conserved with mammals and have unique advantages such as high fecundity, rapid development ex utero and optical transparency. These features have rendered zebrafish an emerging model system for liver diseases and metabolic diseases favoured by many researchers in recent years. In the present review, we summarize a series of tools for zebrafish NAFLD research and the models established through different dietary feeding, hepatotoxic chemical treatments and genetic manipulations via transgenic or genome editing technologies. We also discuss how zebrafish models facilitate NAFLD studies by providing novel insights into NAFLD pathogenesis, toxicology research, and drug evaluation and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huicong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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28
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Hua Y, Zheng Y, Yao Y, Jia R, Ge S, Zhuang A. Metformin and cancer hallmarks: shedding new lights on therapeutic repurposing. J Transl Med 2023; 21:403. [PMID: 37344841 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a well-known anti-diabetic drug that has been repurposed for several emerging applications, including as an anti-cancer agent. It boasts the distinct advantages of an excellent safety and tolerability profile and high cost-effectiveness at less than one US dollar per daily dose. Epidemiological evidence reveals that metformin reduces the risk of cancer and decreases cancer-related mortality in patients with diabetes; however, the exact mechanisms are not well understood. Energy metabolism may be central to the mechanism of action. Based on altering whole-body energy metabolism or cellular state, metformin's modes of action can be divided into two broad, non-mutually exclusive categories: "direct effects", which induce a direct effect on cancer cells, independent of blood glucose and insulin levels, and "indirect effects" that arise from systemic metabolic changes depending on blood glucose and insulin levels. In this review, we summarize an updated account of the current knowledge on metformin antitumor action, elaborate on the underlying mechanisms in terms of the hallmarks of cancer, and propose potential applications for repurposing metformin for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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29
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Li Z, Ouyang H, Zhu J. Traditional Chinese medicines and natural products targeting immune cells in the treatment of metabolic-related fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1195146. [PMID: 37361209 PMCID: PMC10289001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1195146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
MAFLD stands for metabolic-related fatty liver disease, which is a prevalent liver disease affecting one-third of adults worldwide, and is strongly associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. It encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from simple liver fat accumulation to advanced stages like chronic inflammation, tissue damage, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. With limited approved drugs for MAFLD, identifying promising drug targets and developing effective treatment strategies is essential. The liver plays a critical role in regulating human immunity, and enriching innate and adaptive immune cells in the liver can significantly improve the pathological state of MAFLD. In the modern era of drug discovery, there is increasing evidence that traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, natural products and herb components can effectively treat MAFLD. Our study aims to review the current evidence supporting the potential benefits of such treatments, specifically targeting immune cells that are responsible for the pathogenesis of MAFLD. By providing new insights into the development of traditional drugs for the treatment of MAFLD, our findings may pave the way for more effective and targeted therapeutic approaches.
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30
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Michael C, Di Cristofano A, de Oliveira S. A zebrafish xenotransplant model of anaplastic thyroid cancer to study the tumor microenvironment and innate immune cell interactions in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.29.541816. [PMID: 37398266 PMCID: PMC10312444 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.29.541816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare malignant subtype of thyroid cancer. While ATC is rare it accounts for a disproportionately high number of thyroid cancer-related deaths. Here we developed an ATC xenotransplant model in zebrafish larvae, where we can study tumorigenesis and therapeutic response in vivo. Using both mouse (T4888M) and human (C643) derived fluorescently labeled ATC cell lines we show these cell lines display different engraftment rates, mass volume, proliferation, and angiogenic potential. Next, using a PIP-FUCCI reporter to track proliferation in-vivo we observed cells in each phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, we performed long-term non-invasive intravital microscopy over 48 hours to understand cellular dynamics in the tumor microenvironment at the single cell level. Lastly, we tested a well-known mTOR inhibitor to show our model could be used as an effective screening platform for new therapeutic compounds. Altogether, we show that zebrafish xenotransplants make a great model to study thyroid carcinogenesis and the tumor microenvironment, while also being a suitable model to test new therapeutics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Michael
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Di Cristofano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sofia de Oliveira
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hepatology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Montefiore-Einstein Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Cancer Dormancy Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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31
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Frankowski R, Kobierecki M, Wittczak A, Różycka-Kosmalska M, Pietras T, Sipowicz K, Kosmalski M. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, and Metabolic Repercussions: The Vicious Cycle and Its Interplay with Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119677. [PMID: 37298632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic-related disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), has been increasing. Therefore, developing improved methods for the prevention, treatment, and detection of these two conditions is also necessary. In this study, our primary focus was on examining the role of chronic inflammation as a potential link in the pathogenesis of these diseases and their interconnections. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database using keywords such as "non-alcoholic fatty liver disease", "type 2 diabetes mellitus", "chronic inflammation", "pathogenesis", and "progression" yielded 177 relevant papers for our analysis. The findings of our study revealed intricate relationships between the pathogenesis of NAFLD and DM2, emphasizing the crucial role of inflammatory processes. These connections involve various molecular functions, including altered signaling pathways, patterns of gene methylation, the expression of related peptides, and up- and downregulation of several genes. Our study is a foundational platform for future research into the intricate relationship between NAFLD and DM2, allowing for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the potential for introducing new treatment standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Frankowski
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kobierecki
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wittczak
- Students' Research Club, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Pietras
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kasper Sipowicz
- Department of Interdisciplinary Disability Studies, The Maria Grzegorzewska University in Warsaw, 02-353 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kosmalski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
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32
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Robertson TF, Hou Y, Schrope J, Shen S, Rindy J, Sauer JD, Dinh HQ, Huttenlocher A. A tessellated lymphoid network provides whole-body T cell surveillance in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301137120. [PMID: 37155881 PMCID: PMC10193988 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301137120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic trafficking to lymph nodes allows T cells to efficiently survey the host for cognate antigen. Nonmammalian jawed vertebrates lack lymph nodes but maintain diverse T cell pools. Here, we exploit in vivo imaging of transparent zebrafish to investigate how T cells organize and survey for antigen in an animal devoid of lymph nodes. We find that naïve-like T cells in zebrafish organize into a previously undescribed whole-body lymphoid network that supports streaming migration and coordinated trafficking through the host. This network has the cellular hallmarks of a mammalian lymph node, including naïve T cells and CCR7-ligand expressing nonhematopoietic cells, and facilitates rapid collective migration. During infection, T cells transition to a random walk that supports antigen-presenting cell interactions and subsequent activation. Our results reveal that T cells can toggle between collective migration and individual random walks to prioritize either large-scale trafficking or antigen search in situ. This lymphoid network thus facilitates whole-body T cell trafficking and antigen surveillance in the absence of a lymph node system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner F. Robertson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Yiran Hou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Jonathan Schrope
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53726
| | - Simone Shen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Julie Rindy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - John-Demian Sauer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Huy Q. Dinh
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53792
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33
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Jiang H, Suo H, Gao L, Liu Y, Chen B, Lu S, Jin F, Cao Y. Metformin plays an antitumor role by downregulating inhibitory cells and immune checkpoint molecules while activating protective immune responses in breast cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110038. [PMID: 36996738 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
This study seeks to test the effect of metformin treatment on the outcomes of breast cancer in BALB/c mice bearing 4 T1 breast cancer cells. The survival rate and tumor size of mice were compared, as well as evaluation of the changes of immune cells in spleens and the microenvironment of tumors using flow cytometry and ELISA. Our results demonstrate that metformin prolongs mouse survival. A significant decrease in M2-like macrophages (F4/80+CD206+) was found in mice spleen treated with metformin. The treatment also inhibited monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs, CD11b+Gr-1+) and regulatory T cells (Tregs, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+). Metformin treatment resulted in an increase in the level of IFN-γ and a decrease in IL-10. Expression of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-1 on T cells was inhibited following treatment. Metformin enhances local antitumor activity in the tumor microenvironment, and our data supports the drug as a candidate for evaluation in the treatment of breast cancer.
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34
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Azbazdar Y, Poyraz YK, Ozalp O, Nazli D, Ipekgil D, Cucun G, Ozhan G. High-fat diet feeding triggers a regenerative response in the adult zebrafish brain. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2486-2506. [PMID: 36670270 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a range of liver conditions ranging from excess fat accumulation to liver failure. NAFLD is strongly associated with high-fat diet (HFD) consumption that constitutes a metabolic risk factor. While HFD has been elucidated concerning its several systemic effects, there is little information about its influence on the brain at the molecular level. Here, by using a high-fat diet (HFD)-feeding of adult zebrafish, we first reveal that excess fat uptake results in weight gain and fatty liver. Prolonged exposure to HFD induces a significant increase in the expression of pro-inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation markers in the liver and brain tissues. Immunofluorescence analyses of the brain tissues disclose stimulation of apoptosis and widespread activation of glial cell response. Moreover, glial activation is accompanied by an initial decrease in the number of neurons and their subsequent replacement in the olfactory bulb and the telencephalon. Long-term consumption of HFD causes activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the brain tissues. Finally, fish fed an HFD induces anxiety, and aggressiveness and increases locomotor activity. Thus, HFD feeding leads to a non-traumatic brain injury and stimulates a regenerative response. The activation mechanisms of a regeneration response in the brain can be exploited to fight obesity and recover from non-traumatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Azbazdar
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1662, USA
| | - Yusuf Kaan Poyraz
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozgun Ozalp
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dilek Nazli
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dogac Ipekgil
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Cucun
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 3640 76021, Karlsruhe, Postfach, Germany
| | - Gunes Ozhan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (IBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti-Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
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35
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Tehrani SS, Goodarzi G, Panahi G, Zamani-Garmsiri F, Meshkani R. The combination of metformin with morin alleviates hepatic steatosis via modulating hepatic lipid metabolism, hepatic inflammation, brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and white adipose tissue browning in high-fat diet-fed mice. Life Sci 2023; 323:121706. [PMID: 37075944 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM The valuable effects of metformin (MET) and morin (MOR) in the improvement of NAFLD have been proposed, nevertheless, their combination impacts were not investigated so far. We determined the therapeutic effects of combined MET and MOR treatment in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed on an HFD for 15 weeks. Animals were allotted into various groups and supplemented with MET (230 mg/kg), MOR (100 mg/kg), and MET + MOR (230 mg/kg + 100 mg/kg). KEY FINDINGS MET in combination with MOR reduced body and liver weight in HFD-fed mice. A significant decrease in fasting blood glucose and improvement in glucose tolerance was observed in HFD mice treated with MET + MOR. Supplementation with MET + MOR led to a decline in hepatic triglyceride levels and this impact was associated with diminished expression of fatty-acid synthase (FAS) and elevated expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) and phospho-Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (p-ACC). Moreover, MET combined with MOR alleviates hepatic inflammation through the polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype, decreasing the infiltration of macrophages and lowering the protein level of NF-kB. MET and MOR in combination reduce the size and weight of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and subcutaneous WAT (sWAT), whereas improves cold tolerance, BAT activity, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Combination therapy results in stimulating brown-like adipocyte (beige) formation in the sWAT of HFD mice. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the combination of MET and MOR has a protective effect on hepatic steatosis, which may use as a candidate therapeutic for the improvement of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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36
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Wang G, Gao H, Dai S, Gao Y, Yin L, Li M, Zhang K, Zhang J, Jiang K, Miao Y, Lu Z. Metformin inhibits neutrophil extracellular traps-promoted pancreatic carcinogenesis in obese mice. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216155. [PMID: 37030634 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. However, the mechanism by which obesity promote pancreatic carcinogenesis is still unclear. We investigated the effect of obesity on pancreatic carcinogenesis in Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D+/- (KC) mice. Metformin was administrated to rescue the effects of obesity and NETs. The pro-tumorigenic effects of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were further evaluated in vivo and vitro. We found that obesity significantly promoted the progression of murine pancreatic ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (mPanIN). The proliferation rate and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mPanIN ductal cells were increased in obese mice. More visceral adipocytes, PD-L1+ neutrophil infiltration and NETs formation were found in the pancreas of obese mice and visceral adipocytes could recruit neutrophils and promote NETs formation. The latter could induce an inflammatory response in ductal cells via TLR4-dependent pathways both in vivo and vitro, as demonstrated by upregulation of IL-1β. Metformin and DNase I significantly reversed the pro-tumorigenic effects of obesity and NETs in vivo and in vitro. Our study provides causal evidence for the contribution of obesity in promoting pancreatic carcinogenesis in genetic model and reveals the mechanism by NETs to regulate mPanIN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Wang
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Shangnan Dai
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Lingdi Yin
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Mingna Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Pancreas Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, China.
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China; Pancreas Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
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37
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Yang T, Guan Q, Shi JS, Xu ZH, Geng Y. Metformin alleviates liver fibrosis in mice by enriching Lactobacillus sp. MF-1 in the gut microbiota. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166664. [PMID: 36893671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is associated with gut dysbiosis. Metformin administration has emerged as a promising method for the treatment of organ fibrosis. We aimed to investigate whether metformin ameliorates liver fibrosis by enhancing the gut microbiota in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS A liver fibrosis mouse model was established, and the therapeutic effects of metformin were observed. We administered antibiotic treatment and performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and 16S rRNA-based microbiome analysis to evaluate the effects of the gut microbiome on metformin-treated liver fibrosis. We isolated the bacterial strain preferably enriched by metformin and assessed its antifibrotic effects. RESULTS Metformin treatment repaired the gut integrity of the CCl4-treated mice. It reduced the number of bacteria in colon tissues and reduced the portal vein lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. The FMT performed on the metformin-treated CCl4 mice alleviated their liver fibrosis and reduced their portal vein LPS levels. The markedly changed gut microbiota was screened out from the feces and named Lactobacillus sp. MF-1 (L. sp. MF-1). In the CCl4-treated mice, daily gavage of L. sp. MF-1 maintained gut integrity, inhibited bacterial translocation, and reduced liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, metformin or L. sp. MF-1 inhibited the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells and restored CD3+ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in the ileum and CD4+Foxp3+ lamina propria lymphocytes in the colon. CONCLUSIONS Metformin and its enriched L. sp. MF-1 can reinforce the intestinal barrier to alleviate liver fibrosis by restoring immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qijie Guan
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Research progress of metformin in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109738. [PMID: 36696857 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a disease with significant morbidity and mortality. It is a chronic pathological process characterized by an imbalance of extracellular matrix production and degradation in liver tissue. Metformin is a type of hypoglycemic biguanide drug, which can be used in the treatment of liver fibrosis, but its anti-fibrotic effect and mechanism of action are unclear. The purpose of this article is to review the research progress of metformin in the treatment of liver fibrosis and to provide a theoretical basis for its application in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance Focusing on Non-Cirrhotic NAFLD Patients: A Challenge for Physicians. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020586. [PMID: 36831120 PMCID: PMC9953185 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease worldwide and it ranges from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC represents the first liver tumor and the third source of cancer death. In the next few years, the prevalence of NAFLD and consequently of HCC is estimated to increase, becoming a major public health problem. The NAFLD-HCC shows several differences compared to other causes of chronic liver disease (CLD), including the higher percentage of patients that develop HCC in the absence of liver cirrhosis. In HCC surveillance, the international guidelines suggest a six months abdominal ultrasound (US), with or without alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) evaluation, in patients with cirrhosis and in a subgroup of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. However, this screening program reveals several limitations, especially in NAFLD patients. Thus, new biomarkers and scores have been proposed to overcome the limits of HCC surveillance. In this narrative review we aimed to explore the differences in the HCC features between NAFLD and non-NAFLD patients, and those between NAFLD-HCC developed in the cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic liver. Finally, we focused on the limits of tumor surveillance in NAFLD patients, and we explored the new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCC.
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Kohlhepp MS, Liu H, Tacke F, Guillot A. The contradictory roles of macrophages in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and primary liver cancer-Challenges and opportunities. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1129831. [PMID: 36845555 PMCID: PMC9950415 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1129831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases from varying etiologies generally lead to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Among them, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects roughly one-quarter of the world population, thus representing a major and increasing public health burden. Chronic hepatocyte injury, inflammation (non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) and liver fibrosis are recognized soils for primary liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), being the third most common cause for cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advances in liver disease understanding, therapeutic options on pre-malignant and malignant stages remain limited. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify targetable liver disease-driving mechanisms for the development of novel therapeutics. Monocytes and macrophages comprise a central, yet versatile component of the inflammatory response, fueling chronic liver disease initiation and progression. Recent proteomic and transcriptomic studies performed at singular cell levels revealed a previously overlooked diversity of macrophage subpopulations and functions. Indeed, liver macrophages that encompass liver resident macrophages (also named Kupffer cells) and monocyte-derived macrophages, can acquire a variety of phenotypes depending on microenvironmental cues, and thus exert manifold and sometimes contradictory functions. Those functions range from modulating and exacerbating tissue inflammation to promoting and exaggerating tissue repair mechanisms (i.e., parenchymal regeneration, cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, fibrosis). Due to these central functions, liver macrophages represent an attractive target for the treatment of liver diseases. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted and contrary roles of macrophages in chronic liver diseases, with a particular focus on NAFLD/NASH and HCC. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches targeting liver macrophages.
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Han CL, Tian BW, Yang CC, Yang YF, Ma YL, Ding ZN, Yan LJ, Liu H, Dong ZR, Chen ZQ, Hong JG, Wang DX, Li T. The association of fatty liver and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBV or HCV infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:189-198. [PMID: 36625022 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2166930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver (FL) is reportedly a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals affected with Hepatitis C (HCV) or B (HBV) virus. However, the results are contradictory, necessitating a meta-analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Sixteen relevant studies involving 88,618 individuals were retrieved from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases from their inception to 10 December 2022. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were analyzed. RESULTS Liver biopsy-proven FL may be a significant risk factor for HCC in individuals affected with HBV (univariate analyses: HR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.69-5.79; multivariate analyses: HR = 3.42, 95% CI = 0.83-14.09) as well as HCV (univariate analyses: HR = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.93-2.90; multivariate analyses: HR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.02-3.00). However, the presence of FL confirmed using reasonable methods other than liver biopsy may not indicate a risk for HCC in HBV-infected individuals (univariate analyses: HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.44-1.81; multivariate analyses: HR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.45-1.08). CONCLUSIONS Biopsy-proven FL may be a significant risk factor for HCC in HCV/HBV-infected individuals. Thus, such individuals should receive suitable interventions to prevent HCC formation or at least attenuate the risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Han
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bao-Wen Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Cheng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Fei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun-Long Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zi-Niu Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lun-Jie Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao-Ru Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Guo Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong-Xu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Robertson TF, Hou Y, Shen S, Rindy J, Sauer JD, Dinh HQ, Huttenlocher A. A tessellated lymphoid network provides whole-body T cell surveillance in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.524414. [PMID: 36711463 PMCID: PMC9882119 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Homeostatic trafficking to lymph nodes allows T cells to efficiently survey the host for cognate antigen. Non-mammalian jawed vertebrates lack lymph nodes but maintain similarly diverse T cell pools. Here, we exploit in vivo imaging of transparent zebrafish to investigate how T cells organize and survey for antigen in an animal devoid of lymph nodes. We find that naïve-like T cells in zebrafish organize into a previously undescribed whole-body lymphoid network that supports streaming migration and coordinated trafficking through the host. This network has the cellular hallmarks of a mammalian lymph node, including naïve T cells and CCR7-ligand expressing non-hematopoietic cells, and facilitates rapid collective migration. During infection, T cells transition to a random walk that supports antigen presenting cell interactions and subsequent activation. Our results reveal that T cells can toggle between collective migration and individual random walks to prioritize either large-scale trafficking or antigen search in situ . This novel lymphoid network thus facilitates whole-body T cell trafficking and antigen surveillance in the absence of a lymph node system. Significance Statement In mammals, lymph nodes play a critical role in the initiation of adaptive immune responses by providing a dedicated place for T cells to scan antigen-presenting cells. Birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish all maintain diverse repertoires of T cells but lack lymph nodes, raising questions about how adaptive immunity functions in lower jawed vertebrates. Here, we describe a novel network of lymphocytes in zebrafish that supports whole-body T cell trafficking and provides a site for antigen search, mirroring the function of mammalian lymph nodes. Within this network, T cells can prioritize large-scale trafficking or antigen scanning by toggling between two distinct modes of migration. This network provides valuable insights into the evolution of adaptive immunity.
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Jiang Z, Sun H, Miao J, Sheng Q, Xu J, Gao Z, Zhang X, Song Y, Chen K. The natural flavone acacetin protects against high-fat diet-induced lipid accumulation in the liver via the endoplasmic reticulum stress/ferroptosis pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 640:183-191. [PMID: 36516527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. To date, no medication has been approved to treat NAFLD. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of the natural flavone acacetin on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice and the underlying mechanisms. We found that acacetin (10, 20, 50 mg/kg/day) suppressed the increase in body weight, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels in mice fed with HFD with a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic lipid accumulation, iron overload, and lipid peroxidation were significantly alleviated by acacetin. Quantitative PCR and western blotting revealed that acacetin inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ferroptosis, and expressions of lipid acid synthesis-related genes in the livers of HFD mice. Similar results were observed in HepG2 cells treated with oleic acid and lipopolysaccharide. The suppressive effects of acacetin on triglycerides and expression of lipid acid synthesis genes were abolished by ER stress and the ferroptosis activators, erastin or TU. Interestingly, the action of TU was more potent than that of erastin. Treatment with the ER stress inhibitor GSK and the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 revealed that ER stress was the upstream signal of ferroptosis for hepatic lipid accumulation. These findings suggest the protective effect of acacetin against lipid accumulation via suppressing ER stress and ferroptosis and provide evidence that ER stress is an upstream signal of ferroptosis in lipid accumulation. Acacetin may be a promising candidate agent for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaen Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiyu Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Gao
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Sciences, 42 Yangshan Rd, Ningbo, China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Li Huili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kuihao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Rd, Ningbo, China; School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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Cernea S, Onișor D. Screening and interventions to prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:286-309. [PMID: 36687124 PMCID: PMC9846941 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i2.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) comprising most cases. Besides hepatitis B and C viral infections, heavy alcohol use, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-associated advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, several other risk factors for HCC have been identified (i.e. old age, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes). These might in fact partially explain the occurrence of HCC in non-cirrhotic patients without viral infection. HCC surveillance through effective screening programs is still an unmet need for many nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, and identification of pre-cirrhotic individuals who progress to HCC represents a substantial challenge in clinical practice at the moment. Patients with NASH-cirrhosis should undergo systematic HCC surveillance, while this might be considered in patients with advanced fibrosis based on individual risk assessment. In this context, interventions that potentially prevent NAFLD/ NASH-associated HCC are needed. This paper provided an overview of evidence related to lifestyle changes (i.e. weight loss, physical exercise, adherence to healthy dietary patterns, intake of certain dietary components, etc.) and pharmacological interventions that might play a protective role by targeting the underlying causative factors and pathogenetic mechanisms. However, well-designed prospective studies specifically dedicated to NAFLD/NASH patients are still needed to clarify the relationship with HCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cernea
- Department M3/Internal Medicine I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureş 540139, Romania
- Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Outpatient Unit, Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureş 540136, Romania
| | - Danusia Onișor
- Department ME2/Internal Medicine VII, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş 540139, Romania
- Gastroenterology Department, Mureș County Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureș 540072, Romania
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Yao C, Wu S, Kong J, Sun Y, Bai Y, Zhu R, Li Z, Sun W, Zheng L. Angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and anti-angiogenic therapies. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0449. [PMID: 36647777 PMCID: PMC9843448 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2022.0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Angiogenesis, the process of formation of new blood vessels, is required for cancer cells to obtain nutrients and oxygen. HCC is a typical hypervascular solid tumor with an aberrant vascular network and angiogenesis that contribute to its growth, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Current anti-angiogenic therapies target mainly tyrosine kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and are considered effective strategies for HCC, particularly advanced HCC. However, because the survival benefits conferred by these anti-angiogenic therapies are modest, new anti-angiogenic targets must be identified. Several recent studies have determined the underlying molecular mechanisms, including pro-angiogenic factors secreted by HCC cells, the tumor microenvironment, and cancer stem cells. In this review, we summarize the roles of pro-angiogenic factors; the involvement of endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor-associated neutrophils present in the tumor microenvironment; and the regulatory influence of cancer stem cells on angiogenesis in HCC. Furthermore, we discuss some of the clinically approved anti-angiogenic therapies and potential novel therapeutic targets for angiogenesis in HCC. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying angiogenesis may lead to the development of more optimized anti-angiogenic treatment modalities for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Shilun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Yiwen Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yannan Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ruhang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Zhuxin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Wenbing Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, China
- Correspondence to: Wenbing Sun and Lemin Zheng, E-mail: and
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Sciences Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center of Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence to: Wenbing Sun and Lemin Zheng, E-mail: and
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Mu W, Jiang Y, Liang G, Feng Y, Qu F. Metformin: A Promising Antidiabetic Medication for Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:41-54. [PMID: 36336804 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666221104094918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used drug in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glucose utilization in peripheral tissues. In recent years, several studies have shown that metformin is a potential therapeutic agent against cancer, alone or combined with other anticancer treatments. Metformin mainly activates the AMPK complex and regulates intracellular energy status, inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. Other anticancer targets of metformin are specific transcription factors inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and reducing drug resistance. In addition, metformin modulates tumor cells' response to anticancer treatments, favoring the activity of T cells. In diabetic patients, metformin reduces the occurrence of cancer and improves the prognosis and efficacy of anticancer treatments. In this review, we provided a comprehensive perspective of metformin as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunyun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Liang
- Central Laboratory, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 215000 Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Falin Qu
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Precision Medicine Center, 904th Hospital of PLA, 214044 Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
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Demiröz Taşolar S, Çiftçi N. Role of pan immune inflammatory value in the evaluation of hepatosteatosis in children and adolescents with obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:1481-1486. [PMID: 36284505 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2022-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammation is a feature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression and plays an important role in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Since there are no studies in the literature showing the relationship between hepatosteatosis with the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), we aimed to evaluate the relationship between these biomarkers and hepatosteatosis in childhood. METHODS We included 133 consecutive obese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years into this single-center, retrospective, and cross-sectional study. Anthropometric, physical examination, radiological and laboratory data were obtained and recorded from the file records of each case. RESULTS When we grouped the patient population according to the grade of hepatosteatosis, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of SII and PIV values (p<0.05, for both). In the analyzes performed to identify independent predictors of hepatosteatosis pubertal status (p=0.019) and PIV value (p<0.001) were found to be significant as independent predictors. Moreover, in the analysis performed to predict severity of hepatic steatosis, regression analysis was performed by dividing the groups into groups with and without severe adiposity. As a result of this analysis, HOMA-IR (p=0.019) and PIV value (p=0.028) were found to be significant in the prediction of severe hepatic adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that increased PIV levels were associated with the presence and severity of hepatic steatosis, but not with SII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Demiröz Taşolar
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Nurdan Çiftçi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Malatya Training and Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkiye
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Plaz Torres MC, Jaffe A, Perry R, Marabotto E, Strazzabosco M, Giannini EG. Diabetes medications and risk of HCC. Hepatology 2022; 76:1880-1897. [PMID: 35239194 PMCID: PMC9790535 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a recognized risk factor for HCC in patients with liver disease, independent from the etiology of their liver disease. Hence, prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its underlying cause, insulin resistance, should be considered a treatment target for patients with liver disease. The drug armamentarium for diabetes is wide and consists of agents with insulin-sensitizing activity, agents that stimulate insulin secretion, insulin itself, and agents that reduce gastrointestinal and urinary glucose absorption. From an endocrinology perspective, the main goal of treatment is the achievement of euglycemia; however, in patients at risk of, or with known underlying liver disease, the choice of diabetic medication as it relates to potential hepatic carcinogenesis remains complex and should be carefully considered. In the last decade, increasing evidence has suggested that metformin may reduce the risk of HCC, whereas evidence for other classes of diabetic medications, particularly some of the newer agents including the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, is fewer and often inconsistent. In this review, we aim to summarize the current evidence on the potential effects of the most widely used diabetic agents on liver cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Corina Plaz Torres
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal MedicineIRCCS—Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Ariel Jaffe
- Liver CenterDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Rachel Perry
- Liver CenterDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Section of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Elisa Marabotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal MedicineIRCCS—Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of GenoaGenoaItaly
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Liver CenterDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Edoardo G. Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal MedicineIRCCS—Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of GenoaGenoaItaly
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49
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Chen Y, Li M, Yang Y, Lu Y, Li X. Antidiabetic drug metformin suppresses tumorigenesis through inhibition of mevalonate pathway enzyme HMGCS1. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102678. [PMID: 36356901 PMCID: PMC9723917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, shows some potent antitumor effects. However, the molecular mechanism of metformin in tumor suppression has not been clarified. Here, we provided evidence using in vitro and in vivo data that metformin inhibited mevalonate pathway by downregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1), a key enzyme in this pathway. Our results further demonstrated that metformin downregulated HMGCS1 expression through inhibition of transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2. In addition, we determined that HMGCS1 was highly expressed in human liver and lung cancer tissues and associated with lower survival rates. In summary, our study indicated that metformin suppresses tumorigenesis through inhibition of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-HMGCS1 axis, which might be a potential target in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanying Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,For correspondence: Xiaoying Li; Yan Lu
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,For correspondence: Xiaoying Li; Yan Lu
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50
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Chen L, Zhu G, Liu Y, Shao Y, Pan B, Zheng J. Identification of inflammatory-related gene signatures to predict prognosis of endometrial carcinoma. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:74. [PMID: 36207698 PMCID: PMC9541080 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the prognostic risk factors of endometrial cancer. Therefore, finding effective prognostic factors of endometrial cancer is the vital for clinical theranostic. In this study, we constructed an inflammatory-related risk assessment model based on TCGA database to predict prognosis of endometrial cancer. We screened inflammatory genes by differential expression and prognostic correlation, and constructed a prognostic model using LASSO regression analysis. We fully utilized bioinformatics tools, including ROC curve, Kaplan-Meier analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and in vitro experiments to verify the accuracy of the prognostic model. Finally, we further analyzed the characteristics of tumor microenvironment and drug sensitivity of these inflammatory genes. The higher the score of the endometrial cancer risk model we constructed, the worse the prognosis, which can effectively provide decision-making help for clinical endometrial diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Chen
- grid.417168.d0000 0004 4666 9789Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 China
| | - Guang Zhu
- grid.417168.d0000 0004 4666 9789Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- grid.417168.d0000 0004 4666 9789Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 China
| | - Yupei Shao
- grid.417168.d0000 0004 4666 9789Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 China
| | - Bing Pan
- grid.417168.d0000 0004 4666 9789Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 China
| | - Jianhong Zheng
- grid.417168.d0000 0004 4666 9789Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 China
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