Development and evaluation of IgY ImmunoCapture PCR ELISA for detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A devoid of protein A interference

Tunning "closed-loop" pockets for constructing stabilized structures of nanobody in the detection of procymidone under a broad range of pH value

The tolerance advantages of nanobodies (Nbs) provide a new proposal for enhancing the stability and sensitivity of immunosensors. However, the tolerance of Nbs to extreme pH levels, has not been deeply investigated, as previous stability studies on Nbs had primarily focused on temperature and organic solvents. Here, a nanobody clone (NbFM5) is obtained and its tolerance is analyzed using molecular simulation and molecular docking. The simulation results reveal that the seven amino acids of NbFM5 and the ligand formed a "closed-loop" hydrophobic interaction pocket with highly electronegativity surface potential and net charges, which enhanced stability of configuration under varying pH conditions, thus ensuring the stability of the affinity. The results indicate that NbFM5 exhibited a mean antigen binding activity of 79.8 % across a pH range of 6 to 10 with standard deviation of 10 %, demonstrating high stability against a wide range of pH values. Given above, an aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles based lateral-flow biosensor is successfully established using NbFM5. The whole process of detecting procymidone is completed in 10 min with a detection limit of 0.19 ng/mL. The method has fully satisfied the need of rapid detection requirements in extreme environmental conditions and could establish a promising foodborne contaminants detection platform.

Nanobodies: the Potential Application in Bacterial Treatment and Diagnosis

An infection caused by bacteria is one of the main factors that poses a threat to human health. A recent report from the World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted that bacteria that cause blood infections have become increasingly drug-resistant. Therefore, it is crucial to research and develop new techniques for detecting and treating these infections. Since their discovery, nanobodies have exhibited numerous outstanding biological properties. They are easy to express, modify, and have high stability, robust permeability and low immunogenicity, all of which indicate their potential as a substitute. Nanobodies have been utilized in a variety of studies on viruses and cancer. This article primarily focuses on nanobodies and introduces their characteristics and application in the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections.

IgYs: on her majesty's secret service

There has been an increasing interest in using Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies as an alternative to "classical" antimicrobials. Unlike traditional antibiotics, they can be utilized on a continual basis without leading to the development of resistance. The veterinary IgY antibody market is growing because of the demand for minimal antibiotic use in animal production. IgY antibodies are not as strong as antibiotics for treating infections, but they work well as preventative agents and are natural, nontoxic, and easy to produce. They can be administered orally and are well tolerated, even by young animals. Unlike antibiotics, oral IgY supplements support the microbiome that plays a vital role in maintaining overall health, including immune system function. IgY formulations can be delivered as egg yolk powder and do not require extensive purification. Lipids in IgY supplements improve antibody stability in the digestive tract. Given this, using IgY antibodies as an alternative to antimicrobials has garnered interest. In this review, we will examine their antibacterial potential.

Optimization and evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay for detection of Staphylococcus aureus and its major virulence genes for assessing food safety

Staphylococcus aureus is a natural commensal microflora of humans which causes opportunistic infections due to its large arsenal of exotoxins, invasion, immune evasion, and antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The primary goal of this study is to develop a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for simultaneous detection of Staphylococcus aureus (nuc) and its virulence genes coding for prominent exotoxins namely alpha hemolysin (hla), enterotoxins A (sea), enterotoxin B (seb), toxic shock syndrome toxin (tsst-1), and the gene coding for methicillin resistance (mecA). A competitive internal amplification control (IAC) was included in the assay to exclude the false negative outcomes. Highly specific primer pairs were designed for the target genes using in silico resources. At the outset, monoplex PCRs were standardized using reference S. aureus strains. Primer specificity to the target genes was authenticated through restriction digestion analysis of amplified PCR products. Multiplex PCR was optimized in increments of one gene starting with nuc and IAC amplified simultaneously using one pair of primers (nuc) in a competitive manner. The mPCR assay was found to be highly sensitive with a detection limit of ~10 CFUs per reaction for pure cultures. Multiplex PCR assay was further evaluated on the retail and processed food samples to test the prevalence of S. aureus and study their exotoxin profiles. Of the 57 samples examined, 13 samples (22.80%) were found to be contaminated with S. aureus whose DNA was extracted after a 6-h enrichment period. Among these, a high percentage of hemolytic and enterotoxin A positive strains were encountered. The mPCR assay developed in this study would be a useful tool for rapid and reliable monitoring of S. aureus for food quality testing and from clinical infections.

A centrifugal microfluidic chip for point-of-care testing of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in complex matrices

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a typical biological toxin that causes food poisoning. Currently reported SEB detection methods have the drawbacks of sophisticated sample preparation and being time-consuming and labor-intensive. Herein, we propose a strategy based on an immune sandwich structure operating on a centrifugal microfluidic chip for point-of-care testing (POCT) of SEB. The fluorescent microparticle-labeled primary antibody (CM-EUs-Ab₁), capture antibody (CAb), and goat anti-mouse IgG antibody (SAb) were modified on the bond area, T-area, and C-area, respectively. When SEB was added, it first reacted with the CM-EUs-Ab₁ through the specific recognition between SEB and the Ab₁. Then, under capillarity, the conjugates of SEB and the CM-EUs-Ab₁ were captured by the CAb when they flowed to the T-area, and the remaining CM-EUs-Ab₁ bound with the SAb in the C-area. Finally, this chip was put into a dry fluorescence detection analyzer for centrifugation and on-site detection of SEB. The fluorescence intensity ratio of the T-area to the C-area was positively correlated with the concentration of SEB. The resulting linear range was 0.1-250 ng mL^-1, and the limit of detection (3σ/k) was 68 pg mL^-1. This POCT platform only needs 20 μL of sample and can realize the full process of detection within 12 min. This chip also exhibits good stability for 35 days. Additionally, the proposed method has been successfully utilized for the detection of SEB in urine, milk, and juice without any pre-treatment of the samples. Thus, this platform is expected to be applied to food safety testing and clinical diagnosis.

Immunoglobulin Y for Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications in Infectious Diseases

Antiviral, antibacterial, and antiparasitic drugs and vaccines are essential to maintaining the health of humans and animals. Yet, their production can be slow and expensive, and efficacy lost once pathogens mount resistance. Chicken immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is a highly conserved homolog of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) that has shown benefits and a favorable safety profile, primarily in animal models of human infectious diseases. IgY is fast-acting, easy to produce, and low cost. IgY antibodies can readily be generated in large quantities with minimal environmental harm or infrastructure investment by using egg-laying hens. We summarize a variety of IgY uses, focusing on their potential for the detection, prevention, and treatment of human and animal infections.

Application of IgY antibodies against staphylococcal protein A (SpA) of Staphylococcus aureus for detection and prophylactic functions

In the present study, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies were raised in hens against the surface staphylococcal protein A (SpA) of Staphylococcus aureus. Anti-SpA IgY were tested in vitro for diagnostic applications, bacteriostatic, and biofilm inhibition effects. A specific and sensitive immunocapture PCR (IPCR) was developed to detect S. aureus from food, clinical, and environmental samples. Anti-SpA IgY were used for capturing S. aureus cells from different matrices. Chicken antibodies were chosen over mammalian antibodies based on its inertness to immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding property of SpA protein. No cross-reactivity was encountered with closely related Gram-positive and Gram-negative food pathogens. Inter-assay variation is < 10%. The assay was found suitable for testing on solid and liquid food samples, skin, and nasal swabs. The assay showed limit of detection of ≥ 10² CFU/mL from broth cultures and 10² to 10³ CFU/ml from diverse natural samples. This assay overcomes the false positives commonly encountered while using mammalian immunoglobulins (IgG). Anti-SpA IgY antibodies were tested for their bacteriostatic effect on the growth of S. aureus. IgY antibodies at a concentration of 150 μg/ml inhibited the growth of S. aureus completely indicating the potential of IgY antibodies in neutralization of infectious pathogens. Similarly, anti-SpA IgY at MIC50 concentration reduced biofilm formation by ~ 45%. In view of advantages offered by IgY antibodies for specific detection of S. aureus in immunocapture PCR (IPCR) assay and in vitro neutralization potential of S. aureus, we recommend using IgY over conventional IgG of mammals involving S. aureus and its antigens. KEY POINTS: • IPCR with anti-SpA IgY for S. aureus was specific and sensitive for natural samples. • Anti-SpA IgY at 150 ug/ml displayed growth inhibition of S. aureus strains temporarily. • Anti-SpA IgY at MIC50 concentrations inhibited the biofilm formation partially.

Nanobodies Based on a Sandwich Immunoassay for the Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Free from Interference by Protein A

As one of the leading causes of food poisoning, staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) secreted by Staphylococcus aureus pose a serious threat to human health. The immunoassay has become the dominant tool used for the rapid detection of harmful bacteria and toxins as a result of its excellent specificity. However, with regard to SEs, staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is likely to bind with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) terminal of the traditional antibody and result in a false positive, limiting the practical application of this method. Therefore, to eliminate the bottleneck problem, the sandwich immunoassay was development by replacing the traditional antibody with a nanobody (Nb) that lacked a Fc terminal. Using 0.5 × 10⁷ colony-forming units, the Nb library was constructed using Bactrian camels immunized with staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) to obtain a paired Nb against SEB with good affinity. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed using one Nb as the capture antibody and a phage-displayed Nb with signal-amplifying properties as the detection antibody. In optimal conditions, the current immunoassay displayed a broad quantitative range from 1 to 512 ng/mL and a 0.3 ng/mL limit of detection. The recovery of spiked milk, milk powder, cheese, and beef ranged from 87.66 to 114.2%. The Nbs-ELISA was not influenced by SpA during the detection of SEB in S. aureus food poisoning. Therefore, the Nb developed here presented the perfect candidates for immunoassay application during SE determination as a result of the complete absence of SpA interference.

Protein A-mesoporous silica composites for chromatographic purification of immunoglobulin G

Protein A-mesoporous silica composites were synthesized by covalently coupling protein A with installed carbonyl imidazole moieties inside the column and used for the chromatographic purification of immunoglobulin G.

A sandwich duplex immuno PCR for rapid and sensitive identification of Clostridium perfringens alpha and enterotoxin

The prevalence and lethality associated with C. perfringens alpha (CPA) and enterotoxin (CPE) toxaemia necessitate the need for rapid and definitive detection systems to initiate management measures. In the present study, a sandwich duplex immuno-capture PCR (SD-IPCR) was developed by employing IgY antibodies against a bivalent protein r-Cpae derived from CPA and CPE for antigen capture and reporter antibodies against truncated CPA or CPE conjugated to oligomers of distinguishable size for antigen revealing and signal amplification. The avian immunoglobulin's (IgY) were devoid of reactivity with S. aureus protein A (SpA), a commensal that often co-exists with C. perfringens. The assay was specific, had a detection limit (LOD) of 1 pg/ml for both CPA and CPE in PBS and improved the LOD by 10⁴ folds compared to an analogous sandwich ELISA with same set of antibodies. In spiking studies, a ten-fold reduction in LOD was observed in case of intestinal tissue samples (10 pg/ml) however, no change in LOD was observed when SD-IPCR was applied on to faecal, serum or muscle tissue samples. Of the 136 natural samples examined, the SD-IPCR could detect CPA and CPE in 29.4% and 35.3% samples, while the sandwich ELISAs could detect the same in 25.7% and 25% samples respectively owing to the relatively lesser sensitivity. The LOD and specificity of the SD-IPCR demonstrates its applicability as an efficient and rapid platform for direct detection CPA and CPE from diverse samples matrices in clinical microbiological and meat testing laboratories.

A novel colorimetric sensing platform for the detection ofS. aureuswith high sensitivity and specificity

In this study, a novel colorimetric sensing platform was developed for the detection of S. aureus using dog immunoglobulin G (IgG) as the capture antibody and chicken anti-protein A immunoglobulin Y labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP-IgY) as the detection antibody. Dog IgG labeled with magnetic beads was used to capture S. aureus through the interaction between the Fc region of dog IgG and Staphylococcal protein A (SPA). HRP-IgY was introduced to recognize the residual SPA on the surface of S. aureus and to create a sandwich format, after which a soluble 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate was added. A stop solution was utilized to cease the enzymatic chromogenic reaction, and then optical density was read at 450 nm. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method displayed a low detection limit of 1.0 × 10³ CFU mL⁻¹ and a wide linear range of 3.1 × 10³ to 2.0 × 10⁵ CFU mL⁻¹. This detection method exhibited high specificity against other foodborne bacteria. The recovery rates ranged from 95.2% to 129.2%. To our knowledge, this is the first report to employ dog IgG and chicken IgY as an antibody pair to detect S. aureus. This technique exhibits high application potential for S. aureus monitoring in various kinds of samples.

Utilization of dog IgG and chicken anti-protein A IgY as an antibody pair for sensitive and selective detection of S. aureus.

Highly selective and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus with gold nanoparticle-based core-shell nano biosensor

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive and opportunistic pathogen that is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections; therefore, its rapid diagnosis is important and valuable. Today, the use of nanoparticles is expanding due to their unique properties. The purpose of the present study is the determination of S. aureus by a colorimetric method based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Firstly, S. aureus was cultured on both LB media (broth and agar) and their chromosomal DNA was extracted. Afterwards, primers and biosensor were designed based on Protein A sequence data in the gene bank. PCR assay was performed under optimal conditions and the PCR product was electrophoresed on 2-percent agarose gel. The synthesized biosensors were conjugated with AuNPs and, eventually, a single-stranded genome was added to the conjugated AuNPs and hybridization was performed. The results were evaluated based on color change detected by the naked eye, optical spectrophotometry, and transient electron microscopy. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of the AuNP-biosensor were determined. The results of the present study showed a 390 bp band on the agarose electrophoresis gel, which confirmed the presence of Protein A genes on the chromosome of the bacteria. The PCR and colorimetric methods were compared with each other. The sensitivity of the PCR and colorimetric methods were 30 ng μL^-1 and 10 ng μL^-1, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) equaling 8.73 ng μL^-1 was determined and the specificity of the method was confirmed by the DNA of other bacteria. According to the results, the present method is rapid and sensitive in detecting S. aureus.

Development and evaluation of an IgY based silica matrix immunoassay platform for rapid onsite SEB detection

The present study involves immunoassay platform development based on a surface functionalized silica matrix for rapid onsite detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Silica matrix functionalization as well as the immunoassay parameters was experimentally designed and optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Silica surface functionalization was carried out with hydrofluoric acid (HF), ammonia, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The RSM optimized matrix functionalization parameters for HF, ammonia, APTES and GA were determined to be 10%, 40%, 20% and 10% (V/V), respectively. Antibodies for the study were generated against recombinant SEB toxin in rabbit (anti-SEB IgG) and chicken (anti-SEB IgY). Subsequently, antibodies were immobilized on the functionalized silica matrix and were further characterized by SEM and contact angle measurements to elucidate the surface uniformity and degree of hydrophilicity. The immunoassay platform was developed with anti-SEB IgG (capturing agent) and anti-SEB IgY (revealing partner). The limit of detection (LOD) of the developed platform was determined to be 0.005 μg mL-1 and no cross-reactivity with similar toxins was observed. Upon co-evaluation with a standard ELISA kit (Chondrex, Inc) against various field isolates, the platform was found to be on par and reliable. In conclusion, the developed method may find better utility in onsite detection of SEB from resource-poor settings.

Manufacturing of a novel double-function ssDNA aptamer for sensitive diagnosis and efficient neutralization of SEA

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is an enterotoxin produced mainly by Staphylococcus aureus. In recent years, it has become the most prevalent compound for staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) around the world. In this study, we isolate new dual-function single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamers by using some new methods, such as the Taguchi method, by focusing on the detection and neutralization of SEA enterotoxin in food and clinical samples. For the asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR) optimization of each round of systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), we use Taguchi L9 orthogonal arrays, and the aptamer mobility shift assay (AMSA) is used for initial evaluation of the protein-DNA interactions on the last SELEX round. In our investigation the dissociation constant (K_D) value and the limit of detection (LOD) of the candidate aptamer were found to be 8.5 ± 0.91 of nM and 5 ng/ml using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In the current study, the Taguchi and mobility shift assay methods were innovatively harnessed to improve the selection process and evaluate the protein-aptamer interactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on employing these two methods in aptamer technology especially against bacterial toxin.

Highly Sensitive Colorimetric Biosensor for Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B by a Label-Free Aptamer and Gold Nanoparticles

A simple, sensitive and selective colorimetric biosensor for the detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was developed using SEB-binding aptamer (SEB2) as recognition element and unmodified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as colorimetric probes. The assay is based on color change from red to purple due to conformational change of aptamer in the presence of SEB, and the phenomenon of salt-induced AuNPs aggregation which could be monitored by naked eye or UV–vis spectrometer. Results showed that the AuNPs can effectively differentiate the SEB induced conformational change of the aptamer in the presence of a given high salt concentration. A linear response in the range of 50 μg/mL to 0.5 ng/mL of SEB concentration was obtained. The assay was highly specific to SEB as compared to other related toxins. The limit of detection (LOD) of SEB achieved within few minutes was 50 ng/mL visually and spectrometric method improved it to 0.5 ng/mL. Robustness of the assay was tested in artificially spiked milk samples and cross-checked using in house developed sandwich ELISA (IgY as capturing and SEB specific monoclonal as revealing antibody) and PCR. This colorimetric assay could be a suitable alternative over existing methods during biological emergencies due to its simplicity, sensitive and cost effectiveness.

Avian antibodies (IgY) against Trypanosoma cruzi: Purification and characterization studies

Trypanosoma cruzi is a flagellated protozoan belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease. Currently, there is neither a licensed vaccine nor effective treatment, characterizing an unmet clinical need. The IgY refers to the egg yolk immunoglobulin (Y=yolk) and its production and use are subjects of many studies due to the diversity of its diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Several researchers have shown that the use of specific IgY may prevent and/or control infectious and parasitic diseases. Based on these evidences, the aim of this study was to immunize chickens with trypomastigotes of T. cruzi in order to produce highly effective and pure antibodies (IgY), as well as extract, characterize, quantify, and verify cytotoxic effects of IgY anti-T. cruzi. After the induction of IgY production by chickens, the eggs were collected and the IgY was extracted by method of precipitation of polyethylene glycol 6000. The IgY anti-T. cruzi characterization was performed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western-blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, the cytotoxic or proliferative effects of IgY anti-T. cruzi was verified by MTT assay. The concentration of IgY in yolk was 8.41±1.47mg/mL. The characterization of IgY reveled bands of stained peptides with molecular weight between 75 and 50kDa and 37 and 25kDa. In the ELISA test was observed that there was antigen-antibody reaction throughout the sample period. The concentrations of 1, 5 and 10mg/mL of IgY anti-T. cruzi presented no cytotoxic of proliferative effects in mononuclear and VERO cells in vitro. The results indicated that T. cruzi is able to generate a high production of specific immunoglobulins in chickens, it did not cause damage to the cell membrane and no proliferative effect.

An Update on Clinical Burden, Diagnostic Tools, and Therapeutic Options of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases ranging from mild skin and soft tissue infections, food poisoning to highly serious diseases such as osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome. Proper diagnosis of pathogen and virulence factors is important for providing timely intervention in the therapy. Owing to the invasive nature of infections and the limited treatment options due to rampant spread of antibiotic-resistant strains, the trend for development of vaccines and antibody therapy is increasing at rapid rate than development of new antibiotics. In this article, we have discussed elaborately about the host-pathogen interactions, clinical burden due to S aureus infections, status of diagnostic tools, and treatment options in terms of prophylaxis and therapy.

Foodborne pathogens and their toxins

Foodborne pathogens, mostly bacteria and fungi, but also some viruses, prions and protozoa, contaminate food during production and processing, but also during storage and transport before consuming. During their growth these microorganisms can secrete different components, including toxins, into the extracellular environment. Other harmful substances can be also liberated and can contaminate food after disintegration of food pathogens. Some bacterial and fungal toxins can be resistant to inactivation, and can survive harsh treatment during food processing. Many of these molecules are involved in cellular processes and can indicate different mechanisms of pathogenesis of foodborne organisms. More knowledge about food contaminants can also help understand their inactivation. In the present review the use of proteomics, peptidomics and metabolomics, in addition to other foodomic methods for the detection of foodborne pathogenic fungi and bacteria, is overviewed. Furthermore, it is discussed how these techniques can be used for discovering biomarkers for pathogenicity of foodborne pathogens, determining the mechanisms by which they act, and studying their resistance upon inactivation in food of animal and plant origin.

BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Comprehensive and comparative view into the genome and proteome of foodborne pathogens of bacterial or fungal origin and foodomic, mostly proteomic, peptidomic and metabolomic investigation of their toxin production and their mechanism of action is necessary in order to get further information about their virulence, pathogenicity and survival under stress conditions. Furthermore, these data pave the way for identification of biomarkers to trace sources of contamination with food-borne microorganisms and their endo- and exotoxins in order to ensure food safety and prevent the outbreak of food-borne diseases. Therefore, detection of pathogens and their toxins during production, transport and before consume of food produce, as well as protection against food spoilage is a task of great social, economic and public health importance.

A Multiplex Assay for Detection of Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Exotoxins

Staphylococcal and streptococcal exotoxins, also known as superantigens, mediate a range of diseases including toxic shock syndrome, and they exacerbate skin, pulmonary and systemic infections caused by these organisms. When present in food sources they can cause enteric effects commonly known as food poisoning. A rapid, sensitive assay for the toxins would enable testing of clinical samples and improve surveillance of food sources. Here we developed a bead-based, two-color flow cytometry assay using single protein domains of the beta chain of T cell receptors engineered for high-affinity for staphylococcal (SEA, SEB and TSST-1) and streptococcal (SpeA and SpeC) toxins. Site-directed biotinylated forms of these high-affinity agents were used together with commercial, polyclonal, anti-toxin reagents to enable specific and sensitive detection with SD₅₀ values of 400 pg/ml (SEA), 3 pg/ml (SEB), 25 pg/ml (TSST-1), 6 ng/ml (SpeA), and 100 pg/ml (SpeC). These sensitivities were in the range of 4- to 80-fold higher than achieved with standard ELISAs using the same reagents. A multiplex format of the assay showed reduced sensitivity due to higher noise associated with the use of multiple polyclonal agents, but the sensitivities were still well within the range necessary for detection in food sources or for rapid detection of toxins in culture supernatants. For example, the assay specifically detected toxins in supernatants derived from cultures of Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, these reagents can be used for simultaneous detection of the toxins in food sources or culture supernatants of potential pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Evaluation of recombinant SEA-TSST fusion toxoid for protection against superantigen induced toxicity in mouse model

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections has become complicated owing to growing antibiotic resistance mechanisms and due to the multitude of virulence factors secreted by this organism. Failures with traditional monovalent vaccines or toxoids have brought a shift towards the use of multivalent formulas and neutralizing antibodies to combat and prevent range of staphylococcal infections. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a fusion protein (r-ET) comprising truncated regions of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1) in generating neutralizing antibodies against superantigen induced toxicity in murine model. Serum antibodies showed specific reactivity to both SEA and TSST-1 native toxins. Hyperimmune serum from immunized animals protected cultured splenocytes from non-specific superantigen induced proliferation completely. Passive antibody administration prevented tissue damage from acute inflammation associated with superantigen challenge from S. aureus cell free culture supernatants. Approximately 80% and 50% of actively and passively immunized mice respectively were protected from lethal dose against S. aureus toxin challenge. This study revealed that r-ET protein is non-toxic and a strong immunogen which generated neutralizing antibodies and memory immune response against superantigen induced toxic effects in mice model.