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Xing Y, Chen L, Hu B, Li Y, Mai H, Li G, Han S, Wang Y, Huang Y, Tian Y, Zhang W, Gao Y, He H. Therapeutic role of miR-19a/b protection from influenza virus infection in patients with coronary heart disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102149. [PMID: 38435118 PMCID: PMC10907223 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Patients with pre-existing medical conditions are at a heightened risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), SARS-CoV-2, and influenza viruses, which can result in more severe disease progression and increased mortality rates. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon remained largely unidentified. Here, we found that microRNA-19a/b (miR-19a/b), which is a constituent of the miR-17-92 cluster, exhibits reduced expression levels in patients with coronary heart disease in comparison to healthy individuals. The downregulation of miR-19a/b has been observed to facilitate the replication of influenza A virus (IAV). miR-19a/b can effectively inhibit IAV replication by targeting and reducing the expression of SOCS1, as observed in cell-based and coronary heart disease mouse models. This mechanism leads to the alleviation of the inhibitory effect of SOCS1 on the interferon (IFN)/JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The results indicate that the IAV employs a unique approach to inhibit the host's type I IFN-mediated antiviral immune responses by decreasing miR-19a/b. These findings provide additional insights into the underlying mechanisms of susceptibility to flu in patients with coronary heart disease. miR-19a/b can be considered as a preventative/therapy strategy for patients with coronary heart disease against influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xing
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Mai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gaojian Li
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Wildlife Rescue and Rehabilitation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fituri S, Akbar Z, Ganji V. Impact of metformin treatment on cobalamin status in persons with type 2 diabetes. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:553-560. [PMID: 37167532 PMCID: PMC10925902 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, low vitamin B12 status has been reported in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin, the first-line therapy for lowering blood glucose, is the main driving factor behind this association. Although the relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin is well established, results of studies on the exact effect of the dose and duration of the therapy remain inconsistent. Additionally, a lack of consensus on the definition of vitamin B12 deficiency adds to the conflicting literature. The objectives of this review were to analyze and synthesize the findings on the effects of metformin dose and duration on vitamin B12 status in patients with T2DM and to outline the potential mechanisms underlying metformin's effect on vitamin B12. Metformin therapy has adversely affected serum vitamin B12 concentrations, a marker of vitamin B12 status. The metformin usage index (a composite score of metformin dose and duration) might serve as a potential risk assessment tool for vitamin B12 screening in patients with T2DM. Considering the health implications of suboptimal vitamin B12 status, vitamin B12 concentrations should be monitored periodically in high-risk patients, such as vegans who are receiving metformin therapy for T2DM. Additionally, it is prudent to implement lifestyle strategies concurrent with metformin therapy in individuals with T2DM, promoting an overall synergistic effect on their glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Fituri
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zoha Akbar
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vijay Ganji
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Varkey BP, Joseph J, Haokip HR, Sharma SK, Mathews E, Ameen S, Narasimha VL, Dhandapani M, Grover S. The Prevalence of Comorbidities and Associated Factors among Patients with Dementia in the Indian Setting: Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Indian J Psychol Med 2023; 45:338-344. [PMID: 37427307 PMCID: PMC7614734 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221130252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with dementia usually have multiple comorbidities. The presence of comorbidities may exacerbate the progression of dementia and decreases the patient's ability to participate in health maintenance activities. However, there is hardly any meta-analysis estimating the magnitude of comorbidities among patients with dementia in the Indian context. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and relevant studies conducted in India were included. The risk of bias was assessed and a random-effects meta-analysis model was used in which I2 statistics were calculated to measure heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS Fourteen studies were included in the meta-analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Altogether, we found the coexistence of comorbid conditions such as hypertension (51.10%), diabetes (27.58%), stroke (15.99%), and factors like tobacco use (26.81 %) and alcohol use (9.19%) among patients with dementia in this setting. The level of heterogeneity was high due to differences in the methodologies in the included studies. CONCLUSIONS Our study found hypertension as the most common comorbid condition among patients with dementia in India. The observed lacuna of methodological limitations in the studies included in the current meta-analysis provides the urgent need for good quality research to successfully meet the challenges ahead while devising appropriate strategies to treat the comorbidities among patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaison Joseph
- Dept. of Psychiatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Pt. B.D. Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | | | - Suresh K Sharma
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Elezebeth Mathews
- Dept. of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Shahul Ameen
- St. Thomas Hospital, Changanacherry, Kerala, India
| | | | - Manju Dhandapani
- National Institute of Nursing Education, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Chen S, Zhang M, Duan L, Chen M, Du Y, Cao Y, Huang Z, Zhao J, Duan Y. Dose-response relationship of elements with blood lipids and the potential interaction: A cross-sectional study from four areas with different pollution levels in China. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127206. [PMID: 37224743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of researches indicated the association between plasma trace elements and blood lipids. However, the potential interaction and dose-response relationship were less frequently reported. METHODS In this study, a total of 3548 participants were recruited from four counties in Hunan Province, South China. Demographic characteristics were collected by face-to-face interviews and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) was used to determine the levels of 23 trace elements in plasma. We applied a fully adjusted generalized linear regression model (GLM) and a multivariate restricted cubic spline (RCS) to estimate the correlation, dose-response relationship and possible interaction between 23 trace elements and four blood lipid markers. RESULTS The results indicated positive dose-response relationships of plasma 66zinc with triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), plasma 78selenium with LDL-C and total cholesterol (TCH), and plasma 59cobalt with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). There was a negative dose-response relationship between 59cobalt and LDL-C. Further analysis found that 66zinc and 59cobalt had an antagonistic effect on the risk of increased LDL-C level. CONCLUSIONS This study added new evidence for the potential adverse effects of 66Zn and 78Se on blood lipids, and provided new insight into the threshold value setting for metals as well as the intervention strategy for dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Muyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lidan Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yuwei Du
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Resource and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanying Duan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Mohan A, Kumar R, Kumar V, Yadav M. Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folate Level: Possible Risk Factors in the Progression of Chronic Heart and Kidney Disorders. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e090223213539. [PMID: 36757031 PMCID: PMC10494275 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230209111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin is an essential molecule for humans; it is exceptionally important for various body functions, including deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and cellular energy production. Vegans are more vulnerable to vitamin B12 deficiency than natives with moderate consumption of animal dietary supplements or people with inadequate nutritional patterns. However, the long-term effects of sub-medical deficiency have not been thoroughly studied, but they may have a negative impact on the cardiovascular system, pregnancy outcomes, and vascular, renal, cognitive, bone, and eye health. Alongside the statin remedy, that is a powerful approach for CVD prevention. Another approach is related to the B nutrition substitution remedy with folic acid, and vitamins B6 and B12 are extensively practised nowadays. There is a tremendous interest in plasma homocysteine (tHcy) as a cardiovascular hazard factor. However, current research in the field of its prevention is more inclined toward confirming the benefit of tHcy-reducing remedy with vitamin B12. Thus, while folic acid fortification is primarily aimed at reducing neural-tube defects, it may also play a significant role in the primary prevention of CVD by lowering tHcy. Folate and B-vitamins play important roles in CVD prevention and nutrition policy implementation. Patients affected with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) or end-stage Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) experience a tremendous cardiovascular threat that may also further lead to death. As a result, routine monitoring of vitamin B12 levels is likely to be beneficial for the early detection and treatment of metabolic vitamin B12 deficiency, as well as the prevention of heart-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mohan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida Sector 125, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mahendra Yadav
- Narayan Institute of Pharmacy, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Sasaram, Rohtas, Bihar 821305, India
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Wu DF, Liao QC, Lu F, Wang Z, Yu K, Deng JL. Differential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on the lipid profiles and lipid ratios between patients with and without coronary artery disease: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32464. [PMID: 36595992 PMCID: PMC9803476 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on lipid profiles and lipid ratios between patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and without CAD. The data of 872 CAD patients and 774 non-CAD controls were extracted from the information system of hospitalized patients. Serum homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) AI, and ApoB concentrations were detected. HHcy was defined as a serum level of Hcy ≥ 15 μmol/L. The CAD patients had lower levels of HDL-C and ApoAI and higher levels of Hcy than the controls (P < .05). Serum TGs and HDL-C were negatively correlated with Hcy in controls. Serum HDL-C and ApoAI were negatively correlated with Hcy, and the ratios of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C, and ApoB/ApoAI were positively correlated with Hcy in the CAD patients (P < .05). Although the trends for HHcy to decrease the lipid profiles were not different between the CAD and controls (Pinteraction > 0.05), CAD with HHcy had lower HDL-C and ApoAI levels than those of subjects with normal Hcy; controls with HHcy had lower TC, LDL-C, and ApoB levels than those of subjects with normal Hcy (P < .05). There were different HHcy trends affecting the ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C between the CAD patients and controls (Pinteraction for TC/HDL-C = 0.025; Pinteraction for LDL/HDL-C = 0.033). CAD patients with HHcy had a higher ratio of TC/HDL-C (P = .022) and LDL/HDL-C (P = .045) than those of patients with normal Hcy, but in the controls, the subjects with HHcy exhibited a trend toward a decreased ratio of TC/HDL-C (P = .481) and LDL/HDL-C (P = .303). There were differential effects of HHcy on the lipid ratios between CAD and non-CAD patients. HHcy was related to higher ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qin-Chen Liao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Long Deng
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- * Correspondence: Jin-Long Deng, Department of the Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People’s Republic of China (e-mail: )
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Moretti R, Giuffré M, Crocè LS, Gazzin S, Tiribelli C. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Altered Neuropsychological Functions in Patients with Subcortical Vascular Dementia. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071106. [PMID: 35887603 PMCID: PMC9323787 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is the most common cause of abnormality in liver function tests. NAFLD is considered a potential cardiovascular risk factor and is linked to cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Few previous studies have investigated whether NAFLD could be independently associated with cognitive impairment. The current study aims to find a possible role of NAFLD in the development of subcortical vascular dementia (sVaD). We considered NAFLD as a possible independent vascular risk factor or, considering its metabolic role, associated with other commonly accepted sVaD risk factors, i.e., lack of folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D-OH25, and increased levels of homocysteine. We studied 319 patients diagnosed with sVaD. All patients underwent an abdominal ultrasound examination to classify steatosis into four levels (1-none up to 4-severe). sVaD patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of NAFLD. Our results demonstrated a strong correlation between NAFLD and sVaD. Patients with the two comorbidities had worse neuropsychological outcomes and a worse metabolic profile. We also found a robust relationship between NAFLD and severe vitamin B12, folate, vitamin D hypovitaminosis, and higher hyperhomocysteinemia levels. This way, it is evident that NAFLD contributes to a more severe metabolic pathway. However, the strong relationship with the three parameters (B12, folate and vitamin D, and homocysteinemia) suggests that NAFLD can contribute to a proinflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (R.M.); (L.S.C.)
| | - Mauro Giuffré
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (R.M.); (L.S.C.)
- Italian Liver Foundation, Centro Studi Fegato, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0403-994-044
| | - Lory Saveria Crocè
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (R.M.); (L.S.C.)
- Italian Liver Foundation, Centro Studi Fegato, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Italian Liver Foundation, Centro Studi Fegato, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Italian Liver Foundation, Centro Studi Fegato, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (S.G.); (C.T.)
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Zhou L, Liu J, An Y, Wang Y, Wang G. Plasma Homocysteine Level Is Independently Associated With Conventional Atherogenic Lipid Profile and Remnant Cholesterol in Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:898305. [PMID: 35770226 PMCID: PMC9234129 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.898305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHomocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, while mechanisms are unclear. Despite inconsistent and limited, epidemiological and experimental studies indicated that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) affected lipid metabolism. This study aims to investigate the association of plasma Hcy with traditional lipid profiles and remnant cholesterol (RC) in Chinese adults.MethodsIn total, 7,898 subjects aged 20–79 years who underwent a physical examination at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital in Beijing were included in this study. Fasting plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], Hcy, and other metabolic risk factors were measured by routine automated laboratory methods. RC was calculated as TC minus HDL-C and LDL-C. The linear regression model and logistic regression model were used to assess the relationship between Hcy and lipids after adjusting potential confounders.ResultsOf the subjects, the median level of plasma Hcy was 13.0 μmol/L and 32.3% had HHcy. Plasma Hcy was negatively associated with HDL-C, ApoA1, and Lp(a) and positively associated with TG levels after adjusting age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine, uric acid, and glucose. HHcy significantly increased the risk of low HDL-C [odds ratio (OR) 1.26; 95%CI (1.11–1.44); p < 0.001]. The net mediation effects of ApoA1 on the relationship between Hcy and HDL-C before and after adjusting confounders were 46.9 and 30.6%, respectively. More interestingly, the RC level was significantly elevated in subjects with HHcy after adjusting other influencing factors (p = 0.025). Hcy presented a positive correlation with RC levels after adjusting the above confounding factors (β = 0.073, p = 0.004), and the correlation was still significant even after controlling other lipids, including TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, ApoA1, ApoB, and Lp(a).ConclusionOur study showed that plasma Hcy was not only significantly associated with conventional atherogenic lipids but also independently correlated with RC levels beyond other lipids after controlling potential confounders. This finding proposes that identifying Hcy-related dyslipidemia risk, both traditional lipids and RC residual risk, is clinically relevant as we usher in a new era of targeting Hcy-lowering therapies to fight against dyslipidemia or even cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Examination Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang,
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Guang Wang,
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A High Throughput Lipidomics Method Using Scheduled Multiple Reaction Monitoring. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050709. [PMID: 35625636 PMCID: PMC9138805 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid compositions of cells, tissues, and bio-fluids are complex, with varying concentrations and structural diversity making their identification challenging. Newer methods for comprehensive analysis of lipids are thus necessary. Herein, we propose a targeted-mass spectrometry based lipidomics screening method using a combination of variable retention time window and relative dwell time weightage. Using this method, we identified more than 1000 lipid species within 24-min. The limit of detection varied from the femtomolar to the nanomolar range. About 883 lipid species were detected with a coefficient of variance <30%. We used this method to identify plasma lipids altered due to vitamin B12 deficiency and found a total of 18 lipid species to be altered. Some of the lipid species with ω-6 fatty acid chains were found to be significantly increased while ω-3 decreased in vitamin B12 deficient samples. This method enables rapid screening of a large number of lipid species in a single experiment and would substantially advance our understanding of the role of lipids in biological processes.
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Abstract
Telomeres are non-coding nucleoprotein structures consisting of a highly conserved tandem repeat DNA sequence that caps the ends of chromosomes in eukaryotes. Telomeres confer chromosomal stability, protect the genome from nucleolytic degradation, avoid aberrant recombination and improper repair, and prevent random fusion of chromosomes. The end-replication problem results in telomere shortening with every cell division, eventually leading to cellular senescence and aging. Telomere length (TL) is thereby an ideal candidate for "biological aging." Telomeres possess guanine-rich repeats, which are highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Epidemiological studies have indicated the association of telomere attrition with mortality and various age-related diseases. Micronutrients comprising vitamins and minerals act as potential modulators of stress and can influence TL. Research has indicated that vitamin B12 (B12) regulates oxidative stress and maintains genomic stability, thereby influencing telomere integrity and cellular aging. The deficiency of B12 leads to elevated levels of homocysteine, which reduces the methylation potential and increases oxidative stress, thereby compromising the TL. Telomere shortening and mitochondrial dysfunction are independently linked to aging. However, they are connected through telomerase reverse transcriptase activity, which regulates mitochondrial biogenesis. Further, experimental evidence indicated the positive association of B12 with relative TL and mitochondrial DNA copy number, an indirect index of mitochondrial biogenesis. The present chapter provides some insights into the role of B12 in influencing TL. Exploring their association might open new avenues to understand the pathophysiology of aging and age-related diseases.
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Wang H, Li F, Xue J, Li Y, Li J. Association of blood cobalt concentrations with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes in a US population: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28568. [PMID: 35029227 PMCID: PMC8757996 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various heavy metal elements in the human body have been reported to be associated with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. The role of cobalt in these conditions is unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the association of blood cobalt concentrations with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes.Using the data collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015-2018), we performed logistic regression to explore the association of blood cobalt concentrations with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, hypertension, and diabetes.A total of 6866 adults were included in this study. Participants with higher blood cobalt levels appeared to be older and have a lower body mass index and, were more likely to be female (P for trend < .05). After fully adjusting for demographic characteristics (Model 2), compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of blood cobalt concentrations had lower odds ratios (ORs) for elevated TC [OR: 0.62, 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.53 to 0.72, P < .001], elevated LDL-C (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53-0.80, P < .001) and low HDL-C (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69-0.96, P = .013). The adjusted ORs for elevated TC, elevated LDL-C and low HDL-C were negatively correlated with increased blood cobalt concentrations (P for trend < .05). The adjusted ORs for hypertension and diabetes were not associated with blood cobalt concentrations (P > .05 and P for trend > .05).In conclusion, higher blood cobalt concentrations were associated with a lower risk of dyslipidemia. However, blood cobalt concentrations were not associated with the risk of hypertension or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of ENT (Ear-Nose-Throat), Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianghua Xue
- Medical Imaging Center, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanshuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zheng Y, Chen ZY, Ma WJ, Wang QZ, Liang H, Ma AG. B Vitamins Supplementation Can Improve Cognitive Functions and May Relate to the Enhancement of Transketolase Activity in A Rat Model of Cognitive Impairment Associated with High-fat Diets. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:847-856. [PMID: 34652631 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether B vitamin treatment was sufficient to reduce cognitive impairment associated with high-fat diets in rats and to modulate transketolase (TK) expression and activity. METHODS To test this, we separated 50 rats into five groups that were either fed a standard chow diet (controls) or a high-fat diet (experimental groups H0, H1, H2, and H3). H0 group animals received no additional dietary supplementation, while H1 group animals were administered 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) thiamine, 100 mg/kg BW riboflavin, and 250 mg/kg BW niacin each day, and group H2 animals received daily doses of 100 mg/kg BW pyridoxine, 100 mg/kg BW cobalamin, and 5 mg/kg BW folate. Animals in the H3 group received the B vitamin regimens administered to both H1 and H2 each day. RESULTS Over time, group H0 exhibited greater increases in BW and fat mass relative to other groups. When spatial and memory capabilities in these animals were evaluated via conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and Morris Water Maze (MWM), we found B vitamin treatment was associated with significant improvements relative to untreated H0 controls. Similarly, B vitamin supplementation was associated with elevated TK expression in erythrocytes and hypothalamus of treated animals relative to those in H0 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Together, these findings suggest B vitamin can modulate hypothalamic TK activity to reduce the severity of cognitive deficits in a rat model of obesity. As such, B vitamin supplementation may be a beneficial method for reducing cognitive dysfunction in clinical settings associated with high-fat diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Chen
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen-Jun Ma
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiu-Zhen Wang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Ai-Guo Ma
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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Khajebishak Y, Alivand M, Faghfouri AH, Moludi J, Payahoo L. The effects of vitamins and dietary pattern on epigenetic modification of non-communicable diseases. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021. [PMID: 34643416 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have received more attention because of high prevalence and mortality rate. Besides genetic and environmental factors, the epigenetic abnormality is also involved in the pathogenesis of NCDs. Methylation of DNA, chromatin remodeling, modification of histone, and long non-coding RNAs are the main components of epigenetic phenomena. Methodology: In this review paper, the mechanistic role of vitamins and dietary patterns on epigenetic modification was discussed. All papers indexed in scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and Elsevier were searched during 2000 - 2021 using, vitamins, diet, epigenetic repression, histones, methylation, acetylation, and NCDs as keywords. Results: The components of healthy dietary patterns like Mediterranean and dietary approaches to stop hypertension diets have a beneficial effect on epigenetic hemostasis. Both quality and quantity of dietary components influence epigenetic phenomena. A diet with calorie deficiency in protein content and methyl-donor agents in a long time, with a high level of fat, disrupts epigenetic hemostasis and finally, causes genome instability. Also, soluble and insoluble vitamins have an obvious role in epigenetic modifications. Most vitamins interact directly with methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation pathways of histone and DNA. However, numerous indirect functions related to the cell cycle stability and genome integrity have been recognized. Conclusion: Considering the crucial role of a healthy diet in epigenetic homeostasis, adherence to a healthy dietary pattern containing enough levels of vitamin and avoiding the western diet seems to be necessary. Having a healthy diet and consuming the recommended dietary level of vitamins can also contribute to epigenetic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khajebishak
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jalal Moludi
- School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Bao F, Cui M, Shi X, Ju S, Cong H. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of homocyteine in an apparently healthy examined population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:429. [PMID: 34507544 PMCID: PMC8434737 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homocysteine (Hcy) is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Few studies have evaluated the distribution of Hcy on a large-scale health examination. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the level and distribution of Hcy in the population with healthy physical examination and the correlation with other biomarkers, and analyzed for cardiovascular and other diseases. METHODS Measurements of serum Hcy, TC, TG, LDL-c, HDL-c, ALT, ALP, γ-GT, TBIL, GLU, urea, Cr, UA, and related metabolic risk factors were selected for analysis from 8063 medical examination samples collected from February 2017 to April 2020. The relationship between Hcy and other biochemical indicators were evaluated with the multivariate regression model of age, gender, smoking, drinking, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). RESULTS Among 8063 cases, the age, BMI, SBP, and DBP of the high-Hcy group were higher than those of the low-Hcy group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001), and the proportion of males, smoking, and drinking were higher than the low-Hcy group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001); Hcy of the abnormal GLU group is higher than the normal GLU group (P = 0.002) and the Hcy of abnormal TG and HDL is higher than that of the normal blood lipid group (P < 0.001); Hcy of people with abnormal UA and Urea was higher than that of people with normal renal function (P < 0.001, P = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, lnHDL-C was negatively correlated with lnHcy (β = - 0.038, SE = 0.016, P = 0.019), lnCr was positively correlated with lnHcy (β = 0.055, SE = 0.016, P < 0.001), lnUA and lnHcy were positive correlated (β = 0.043, SE = 0.019, P = 0.022). CONCLUSION Hcy is closely related to HDL-c, Cr, and UA, which indicates that Hcy may affect the metabolism of HDL-c and UA, and can also be used as an auxiliary diagnostic index for kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiuying Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hui Cong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Cassinadane AV, Ramasamy R, Lenin M, Velu K, Hussain SA. Association of MTHFR (rs 1801133) gene polymorphism with biochemical markers of B12 deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on metformin therapy. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Onyemelukwe OU, Maiha BB. Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia, selected determinants and relation to hypertension severity in Northern-Nigerian hypertensives: the ABU homocysteine survey. Ghana Med J 2021; 54:17-29. [PMID: 32863409 PMCID: PMC7445707 DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v54i1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia in Northern-Nigerian hypertensives and its association with hypertension severity and some major determinants as data regarding these are lacking in sub-Saharan Africa. Method A Community-based cross-sectional study done on 120 randomly-selected hypertensive patients who responded to an ABU radio frequency modulated invitation for free health-screening at the Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Medical Centre from January 2016 to June 2016. The percentage of participants with high homocysteine levels, their anthropometric parameters and blood pressures were determined. Plasma homocysteine (hcy) was classified as normal (5–15), moderate (>15–30), intermediate (31–100) and severe (>100) µmol/L. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied and log-transformed homocysteine (Ln10Homocysteine) was correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures as well as age, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, glomerular filtration rate, hypertension duration and Ln10folate in males and females using the Pearson's Correlation analysis. Results There were 83(69.2%) females and 37(30.8%) males with Median homocysteine of 20.8 µmol/L and 22.0 µmol/L respectively (p=0.003). Hyperhomocysteinaemia was found in 118(98.3%) hypertensives while 2(1.7%) subjects had normo-homocysteinaemia. Moderate hyperhomocysteinaemia (Median, 20.8 µmol/L) was identified in 105(87.5%) and intermediate (Median, 40 µmol/L) in 13(10.8%) (p<0.001). No subject had severe hyperhomocysteinaemia. Homocysteine was higher (p=0.003) in subjects with Stage 2 systolic hypertension. Ln10Homocysteine was significantly (p<0.001) correlated with blood pressure (SBP: r=0.45; DBP: r=0.40) and age (r=0.33). Conclusion The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia in North-Western Nigerian hypertensives is high as against normal healthy controls. Plasma homocysteine is higher with severe systolic hypertension and positively associated with age. Funding No specific grants but Micro Nova Pharmaceuticals Limited, Nigeria and Emzor Pharmaceutical Industries, Lagos, Nigeria supported with drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obiageli U Onyemelukwe
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Bilkisu B Maiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Nigeria
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Surendran S, Vimaleswaran KS. A nutrigenetic approach to examine the relationship between vitamin B12 status and cardio‐metabolic traits in multiple ethnic groups – findings from the GeNuIne Collaboration. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Surendran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences School of Biosciences and MedicineUniversity of Surrey Guildford UK
| | - K. S. Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH) University of Reading Reading UK
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18
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Chori BS, Danladi B, Inyang BA, Okoh MP, Nwegbu MM, Alli AL, Odili AN. Hyperhomocysteinemia and its relations to conventional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in adult Nigerians: the REMAH study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:102. [PMID: 33602121 PMCID: PMC7890880 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence linking homocysteine (Hcy) with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or its risk factors are limited in a sub-Saharan black population. OBJECTIVE We set out to evaluate the association between Hcy and hypertension and other CVD risk factors in a population of adult Nigerians. METHODS Data of 156 adults aged 18-70 years was accessed from the North Central study site of the REmoving the MAsk on Hypertension (REMAH) study. Homocysteine, blood glucose and lipid profile in whole blood/serum were measured using standard laboratory methods. Hypertension was diagnosed if average of 5 consecutive blood pressure (BP) measurements obtained using a mercury sphygmomanometer was equal to or higher than 140 systolic and/or 90 mmHg diastolic or the individual is on antihypertensive medication. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was defined as Hcy > 10 µmol/L. RESULTS Of the 156 participants, 72 (43.5%) were hypertensive, of whom 18 had HHcy. Subjects with HHcy were significantly (p < 0.05) older (41.5 vs. 40.6yrs), had lower HDL-cholesterol (0.6 vs. 0.8 mmol/L) and higher systolic (145.5 vs. 126.0 mmHg) and diastolic BP (92.9 vs. 79.6 mmHg), compared to those without HHcy. Intake of alcohol and a 1 yr increase in age were respectively and significantly (p < 0.05) associated with a 1.54 and 0.10 µmol/L increase in Hcy. In a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex and body mass index, a 1 µmol/L increase in Hcy, was associated with a 1.69 mmHg and 1.34 mmHg increase in systolic and diastolic pressure (p < 0.0001) respectively; and a 0.01 mmol/L decrease in HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION HHcy occurs among hypertensive Nigerians and it is independently associated with age, HDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babangida S Chori
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
- Circulatory Health Research Laboratory, Old Anatomy Block (Beside School of Nursing and Midwifery), University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Danladi
- Circulatory Health Research Laboratory, Old Anatomy Block (Beside School of Nursing and Midwifery), University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bassey A Inyang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Michael P Okoh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Maxwell M Nwegbu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adewale L Alli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Augustine N Odili
- Circulatory Health Research Laboratory, Old Anatomy Block (Beside School of Nursing and Midwifery), University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Abstract
In India, increasing lifespan and decreasing fertility rates have resulted in a growing number of older persons. By 2050, people over 60 years of age are predicted to constitute 19.1% of the total population. This ageing of the population is expected to be accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of dementia. The aetiopathogenesis of dementia has been the subject of a number of prospective longitudinal studies in North America and Europe; however, the findings from these studies cannot simply be translated to the Indian population. The population of India is extremely diverse in terms of socio-economic, cultural, linguistic, geographical, lifestyle-related and genetic factors. Indeed, preliminary data from recently initiated longitudinal studies in India indicate that the prevalence of vascular and metabolic risk factors, as well as white matter hyperintensities, differs between urban and rural cohorts. More information on the complex role of vascular risk factors, gender and genetic influences on dementia prevalence and progression in Indian populations is urgently needed. Low-cost, culturally appropriate and scalable interventions need to be developed expeditiously and implemented through public health measures to reduce the growing burden of dementia. Here, we review the literature concerning dementia epidemiology and risk factors in the Indian population and discuss the future work that needs to be performed to put in place public health interventions to mitigate the burden of dementia.
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Nuñez P, García Mateo S, Quera R, Gomollón F. Inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2020; 44:236-242. [PMID: 33223261 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, which are well recognised as chronic systemic and immune-mediated conditions that frequently involve extraintestinal manifestations. Although comorbidities have long been the subject of research in other chronic inflammatory diseases, this concept is also emerging in IBD. Many pathologies have been linked to IBD, including cardiovascular disease, which is the main cause of death in developed countries. IBD patients are at increased risk of conditions such as early atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction or venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism. The aim of this review is to make an approximation of the physiopathology of the different manifestations of cardiovascular disease in patients with IBD and how to prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Nuñez
- Universidad de Chile, Hospital San Juan de Dios, Sección de Gastroenterología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra García Mateo
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo. Hospital Clínico Universitario «Lozano-Blesa», IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, España
| | - Rodrigo Quera
- Clínica Las Condes, Departamento de Gastroenterología, Programa de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gomollón
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, España.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between vitamins of the methionine-homocysteine (Hcys) cycle (B6, B12 and folate) and Hcys with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among Mesoamerican children and their adult parents. DESIGN We conducted a cross-sectional study. Exposures were plasma vitamins B6 and B12 concentrations, erythrocyte folate and plasma Hcys. In children, the outcome was a continuous metabolic risk score calculated through sex- and age standardisation of waist circumference, the homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, mean arterial pressure (MAP), serum HDL-cholesterol and serum TAG. In parents, the outcome was the prevalence of MetS according to the Adult Treatment Panel III Criteria. We estimated mean differences in the metabolic risk score and prevalence ratios of MetS between quartiles of the exposures using multivariable-adjusted linear and Poisson regression models, respectively. SETTING Capital cities of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica and Chiapas State in Mexico. PARTICIPANTS In total, 237 school-aged children and 524 parents. RESULTS Among children, vitamin B12 was inversely associated with the metabolic risk score (quartiles 4-1 adjusted difference = -0·13; 95 % CI: -0·21, -0·04; Ptrend = 0·008) through MAP, HDL-cholesterol and TAG. In contrast, folate was positively associated with the metabolic risk score (quartiles 4-1 adjusted difference = 0·11; 95 % CI: 0·01, 0·20; Ptrend = 0·02). In adults, vitamin B6 was inversely associated with MetS prevalence, whereas vitamin B12 and folate were positively related to this outcome. CONCLUSIONS Vitamins of the methionine-Hcys cycle are associated with MetS in different directions. The associations differ between children and adults.
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Probing the epigenetic signatures in subjects with coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6693-6703. [PMID: 32803503 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Depletion of S-adenosyl methionine and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; and elevation of total plasma homocysteine were documented in CAD patients, which might modulate the gene-specific methylation status and alter their expression. In this study, we have aimed to delineate CAD-specific epigenetic signatures by investigating the methylation and expression of 11 candidate genes i.e. ABCG1, LIPC, PLTP, IL-6, TNF-α, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, F2RL3, FGF2, P66 and TGFBR3. The methylation-specific PCR and qRT-PCR were used to assess the methylation status and the expression of candidate genes, respectively. CAD patients showed the upregulation of IL-6, TNF-α, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, F2RL3, FGF2, P66, and TGFBR3. Hypomethylation of CDKN2A loci was shown to increase risk for CAD by 1.79-folds (95% CI 1.22-2.63). Classification and regression tree (CART) model of gene expression showed increased risk for CAD with F2RL3 > 3.4-fold, while demonstrating risk reduction with F2RL3 < 3.4-fold and IL-6 < 7.7-folds. This CAD prediction model showed the excellent sensitivity (0.98, 95% CI 0.88-1.00), specificity (0.91, 95% CI 0.86-0.92), positive predictive value (0.82, 95% CI 0.75-0.84), and negative predictive value (0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.00) with an overall accuracy of 92.8% (95% CI 87.0-94.1%). Folate and B12 deficiencies were observed in CAD cases, which were shown to contribute to hypomethylation and upregulation of the prime candidate genes i.e. CDKN2A and F2RL3. Early onset diabetes was associated with IL-6 and TNF-α hypomethylation and upregulation of CDKN2A. The expression of F2RL3 and IL-6 (or) hypomethylation status at CDKN2A locus are potential biomarkers in CAD risk prediction. Early epigenetic imprints of CAD were observed in early onset diabetes. Folate and B12 deficiencies are the contributing factors to these changes in CAD-specific epigenetic signatures.
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Al-Musharaf S, Aljuraiban GS, Danish Hussain S, Alnaami AM, Saravanan P, Al-Daghri N. Low Serum Vitamin B12 Levels Are Associated with Adverse Lipid Profiles in Apparently Healthy Young Saudi Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2395. [PMID: 32785129 PMCID: PMC7468727 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An abnormal lipid profile is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and lipid profile is inconclusive, with most studies conducted in unhealthy populations. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between serum vitamin B12 levels and lipid profiles in a cross-sectional study that included 341 apparently healthy Saudi women, aged 19-30 years, from different colleges at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and lifestyle data were collected, including diet and physical activity. Serum vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as serum B12 level of <148 pmol/L. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was approximately 0.6%. Using multivariable linear regression models, serum vitamin B12 levels were found to be inversely associated with total cholesterol (B = -0.26; p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (B = -0.30; p < 0.001), and triglyceride (B = -0.16; p < 0.01) after adjusting for potential confounders, while obesity indices of body mass index, central obesity, and fat percentage showed no association. Therefore, we conclude that low serum vitamin B12 levels are independently associated with abnormal lipid profiles in healthy young Saudi women. Further interventional studies are needed to determine whether improving serum vitamin B12 levels in a healthy population can improve lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Al-Musharaf
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.A.-D.)
| | - Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Danish Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.A.-D.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.A.-D.)
| | - Ponnusamy Saravanan
- Population, Evidence and Technologies, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV2 2 DX, UK
- Academic Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton CV10 7DJ, UK
| | - Nasser Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Riyadh Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.A.-D.)
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurological defects. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:563-570. [PMID: 31080056 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can be considered one of the most common causes of liver disease in our days and is regarded as one of the newest vascular risk factors for cerebrovascular and other neurological diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied a group of neurological outpatients, divided into two homogenous groups based on the presence or absence of NAFLD. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We testified an independent relationship between NAFLD and common vascular risk factors (age, sex, educational level, BMI, cholesterol and lipid assessment, Hb1ac). At the same time, we ascertained an independent relationship between NAFLD and more recently recognized vascular risk factors, such as lack of folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin D-OH25, and increased levels of homocysteine. Finally, we have documented that NAFLD showed worse executive and frontal functions, and behavioral changes, such as depressive mood and anxiety, and apathy.
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Mulchandani R, Lyngdoh T, Kakkar AK. Statin use and safety concerns: an overview of the past, present, and the future. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:1011-1024. [PMID: 32668998 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1796966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disorders and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality associated with CAD and stroke worldwide. Statins are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the prevention and management of dyslipidemia globally. Although they provide immense therapeutic benefit, they are associated with clinically significant adverse effects, predominantly muscle, nerve, liver, and cognition-related besides new-onset diabetes. This has sparked various controversies, bringing to the fore, ambiguities that continue to exist in the scientific evidence, in relation to statin-associated harms. Therefore, it becomes essential to have a better understanding of safety issues related to statin use in various populations. AREAS COVERED This review describes the most common adverse effects of statins, examines available evidence and highlights the role of ethnicity, lipophilicity and other biological factors that could mediate and/or influence the relationship. MEDLINE was searched via PubMed to obtain relevant articles on dyslipidemia and statin safety. EXPERT OPINION The effectiveness of statins is presently unmatched. Further research is warranted to gain insights into the diverse pharmacological effects of statins in various population subgroups. This would assist prescribers in making better informed decisions. Specific treatment strategies for vulnerable groups can significantly attenuate harms, improve risk-benefit ratios, and ultimately enhance patient experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Mulchandani
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India , Gurgaon, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad - 201002, India
| | - Tanica Lyngdoh
- Indian Institute of Public Health-Delhi, Public Health Foundation of India , Gurgaon, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Kakkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh, India
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Rezaei M, Fakhri N, Pasdar Y, Moradinazar M, Najafi F. Modeling the risk factors for dyslipidemia and blood lipid indices: Ravansar cohort study. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:176. [PMID: 32723339 PMCID: PMC7388539 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid disorder is one of the most important risk factors for chronic diseases. Identifying the factors affecting the development of lipid disorders helps reduce chronic diseases, especially Chronic Heart Disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to model the risk factors for dyslipidemia and blood lipid indices. METHODS This study was conducted based on the data collected in the initial phase of Ravansar cohort study (2014-16). At the beginning, all the 453 available variables were examined in 33 stages of sensitivity analysis by perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN) data mining model. In each stage, the variables that were more important in the diagnosis of dyslipidemia were identified. The relationship among the variables was investigated using stepwise regression. The data obtained were analyzed in SPSS software version 25, at 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS Forty percent of the subjects were diagnosed with lipid disorder. ANN identified 12 predictor variables for dyslipidemia related to nutrition and physical status. Alkaline phosphatase, Fat Free Mass (FFM) index, and Hemoglobin (HGB) had a significant relationship with all the seven blood lipid markers. The Waist Hip Ratio was the most effective variable that showed a stronger correlation with cholesterol and Low-Density Lipid (LDL). The FFM index had the greatest effect on triglyceride, High-Density Lipid (HDL), cholesterol/HDL, triglyceride/HDL, and LDL/HDL. The greatest coefficients of determination pertained to the triglyceride/HDL (0.203) and cholesterol/HDL (0.188) model with nine variables and the LDL/HDL (0.180) model with eight variables. CONCLUSION According to the results, alkaline phosphatase, FFM index, and HGB were three common predictor variables for all the blood lipid markers. Specialists should focus on controlling these factors in order to gain greater control over blood lipid markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Rezaei
- Professor of Biostatistics, Biostatistics Department, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Fakhri
- Master of Biostatistics, Student's research committee, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Professor of Epidemiology, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Kayhan S, Kirnap NG, Tastemur M. Increased monocyte to HDL cholesterol ratio in vitamin B12 deficiency: Is it related to cardiometabolic risk? INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 91:419-426. [PMID: 32639203 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency may have indirect cardiovascular effects in addition to hematological and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It was shown that the monocyte count-to-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (MHR) is a novel cardiovascular marker. In this study, the aim was to evaluate whether MHR was high in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors. The study included 128 patients diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency and 93 healthy controls. Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), MHR, C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid levels compared with the controls (median 139 vs 115 mmHg, p < 0.001; 80 vs 70 mmHg, p < 0.001; 14.2 vs 9.5, p < 0.001; 10.2 vs 4 mg/dl p < 0.001; 6.68 vs 4.8 mg/dl, p < 0.001 respectively). The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy was higher in vitamin B12 deficiency group (43.8%) than the control group (8.6%) (p < 0.001). In vitamin B12 deficiency group, a positive correlation was detected between MHR and SBP, CRP and uric acid (p < 0.001 r:0.34, p < 0.001 r:0.30, p < 0.001 r:0.5, respectively) and a significant negative correlation was detected between MHR and T-CHOL, LDL, HDL and B12 (p < 0.001 r: -0.39, p < 0.001 r: -0.34, p < 0.001 r: -0.57, p < 0.04 r: -0.17, respectively). MHR was high in vitamin B12 deficiency group, and correlated with the cardiometabolic risk factors in this group, which were SBP, CRP, uric acid and HDL. In conclusion, MRH, which can be easily calculated in clinical practice, can be a useful marker to assess cardiovascular risk in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanem Kayhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazli Gulsoy Kirnap
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mercan Tastemur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Kaur K, Singh N, Dhawan RK. Exploring the role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-mediated reduction in tissue asymmetrical dimethylarginine levels in cardio-protective mechanism of ischaemic postconditioning in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 22:1415-1423. [PMID: 32133059 PMCID: PMC7043882 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Reperfusion of ischaemic myocardium results in reduced nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) leading to endothelial dysfunction and subsequent tissue damage. Impaired NO biosynthesis may be partly due to increased levels of asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of eNOS. As dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) is a key enzyme responsible for degradation of ADMA, the present study was designed to explore the role of DDAH/ADMA/NO pathway in cardio-protective mechanism of ischaemic postconditioning. Materials and Methods Isolated rat hearts were subjected to myocardial ischaemia for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 2 hours in control group. Myocardial injury was assessed by measurement of infarct size, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) enzymes in coronary effluents. The reperfused hearts were homogenised and tissue concentration of nitrite, ADMA level and DDAH enzyme activity was determined. Results A significant increase in infarct size, LDH, CK release in coronary effluents and ADMA level in myocardial tissue was observed in control group. The increase in tissue ADMA coincided with reductions of NO tissue concentrations and DDAH activity. Ischaemic postconditioning significantly attenuated ischaemia-reperfusion induced myocardial injury manifested in the terms of decreased infarct size, LDH, CK, tissue ADMA along with increase in NO levels and DDAH enzyme activity. Pretreatment with L-Homocysteine (300 µM), a competitive inhibitor of DDAH, and L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 µM), an inhibitor of eNOS, completely abolished ischaemic postconditioning-induced myocardial protection. Conclusion Enhancing DDAH activity by postconditioning may be a novel target to reduce ADMA level and increase NO bioavailability to prevent myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaldeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala
| | - R K Dhawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar
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Abu-Taha M, Dagash R, Mohammad BA, Basheiti I, Abu-Samak MS. Combined Effect Of Coffee Consumption And Cigarette Smoking On Serum Levels Of Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, And Lipid Profile In Young Male: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Gen Med 2019; 12:421-432. [PMID: 31819593 PMCID: PMC6878925 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s213737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of coffee consumption and/or smoking on certain clinical outcomes including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), vitamin B12, and folic acid in a population of young healthy men. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted in Amman, Jordan, over 4 months. Participants were approached for study participation and asked to fill a questionnaire about their anthropometric information, habitual smoking, and coffee consumption during the last 3 months. Their fasting blood samples were taken to measure TC and LDL-C. RESULTS Healthy male participants (n=117) in the age range of 18 to 26 years were recruited. Mean serum TC was higher in heavy coffee consumers (C++) group (≥3 cups/day) with or without smoking (M= 179.9±34.59 mg/dL and 195.94±23.69 mg/dL) in comparison with moderate coffee consumers (C+) group (1-2 cups/day) (M= 158.1±24.82 mg/dL and 177.23±34.17 mg/dL), and the mean level was higher in subjects who were coffee consumers only than smokers who were coffee consumers. LDL-C levels were higher in participants who were coffee consumers (M= 103.06±34.82mg/dL and 118.06±19.31 mg/dL) than smokers who were coffee consumers (M= 88.6±22.40 mg/dL and 108.26±37.57 mg/dL). No significant difference was noted regarding HDL-C, vitamin B12, and folic acid. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that heavy coffee consumption was more associated with hyperlipidemia than cigarette smoking. Accordingly, we conclude that moderate coffee consumption may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases or their consequences in male.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Abu-Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rajaa Dagash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Beisan A Mohammad
- PharmD Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Basheiti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud S Abu-Samak
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Rajab M, Jumaa M, Horaniah MY, Barakat A, Bakleh S, Zarzour W. Correlations of C-Reactive Protein and Folate with Smoking, Sport, Hematological Inflammation Biomarkers and Anthropometrics in Syrian University Female Students Cross-Sectional Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15189. [PMID: 31645641 PMCID: PMC6811634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In Syria, high-Sensitive C-Reactive (hsCRP), folate, and, other health risk data in young women are limited. This cross-sectional study evaluates hsCRP and folate levels along with anthropometric characteristics, lifestyle factors and some biomarkers linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in healthy female students (n = 207, 18-25 years old). Among participants, hsCRP level was at average or high risk of CVD in 20.7% and 2.5% respectively and it was significantly higher in participants who had high body mass index (BMI) (Nonparametric statistical tests, p value < 0.05). Unexpectedly, it did not vary significantly between smokers and nonsmokers. And, it correlated positively with anthropometric and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measurements. While folate level was low in 3.4% of participants, no association between hsCRP and folate levels was found. Finally, low hemoglobin level and habit of waterpipe smoking are spreading; and, sport practicing is shrinking. After reviewing similar works, this study suggests that the possible correlation between hsCRP and folate could be displayed in patients older than 30 years. Also, the marked decrease in hemoglobin level needs more attention. Finally, young females in Syria are advised to consider a lifestyle free of smoking and packed with physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Rajab
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Mohamad Jumaa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Muhammad Yusr Horaniah
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad Barakat
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Saied Bakleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Wafika Zarzour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamin B12 deficiency induces hyper-hyperhomocysteinemia by inhibiting intracellular methionine re-methylation. Hyper-hyperhomocysteinemia increases the risk of atherosclerosis. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and its level elevates in cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between asymmetric dimethylarginine and arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis in adolescents with vitamin B12 deficiency. METHODS A total of 88 adolescents with age ranging between 11 and 17 years of age were enrolled for this study. Among them, 50 patients had vitamin B12 deficiency 200 pg/ml. In all cases, the levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine were measured with high performance liquid chromatography method. The carotid artery intima media thickness and left ventricular mass index were measured using echocardiography. All these measurements of the study groups were compared. RESULTS Both plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and carotid artery intima media thickness were significantly higher in the vitamin B12 deficiency group than in the control group. Correlation analysis showed significant negative correlation of vitamin B12 with homocysteine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and carotid artery intima media thickness (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that endothelial dysfunction starts in the early stage of adolescent vitamin B12 deficiency, and vitamin B12-deficient adolescents have increased circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine, showing that endothelial dysfunction and increased carotid artery intima media thickness be related to atherosclerosis.
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhou X, Geng J, Li X. The immunomodulatory mechanism of brain injury induced by hyperhomocysteinemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:9421-9429. [PMID: 30681198 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentration is considered as the diagnostic criteria of Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which is associated with the inflammatory response and blood-brain barrier disruption. Previous studies have proposed that HHcy with hypertension was associated with the brain injury by enhancing the cerebrovascular permeability, however, the immune mechanism remains obscure. The purpose of the study is to explore the immunomodulatory mechanism of brain injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) induced by HHcy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty SHRs were randomly assigned to three groups: SHR-C (control group), SHR-M (methionine group) and SHR-T (treatment group). Physical examination of body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and plasma Hcy content was measured every 4 weeks. Besides, T-helper cell 17 and regulatory T cells (Treg)-related inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-17, IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]) and genes (RORγt and FoxP3) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction , Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS High methionine diet could cause weight loss, SBP rising, and plasma Hcy content significantly elevated. IL-16 and IL-17A levels in peripheral blood and in brain tissue both lifted, while IL-10 and TGF-β levels dropped; RORγt expression raised in brain, nevertheless, FoxP3 levels were the opposite. After the intervention with vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid in SHR-T group, these trends would be eased or completely changed. Furthermore, brain tissue slices showed that IL-17-positive cells tended to decrease, and IL-10-positive cells increased in SHR-T group, which was reversed in SHR-M group. CONCLUSIONS HHcy may promote inflammation that can lead to brain lesions and down-regulate immune response to protect the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Geriatric, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Geriatric, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular disease and heart center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics university of the Chinese people's armed police forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Geriatric, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Abdulle AE, van Goor H, Mulder DJ. Hydrogen Sulfide: A Therapeutic Option in Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4121. [PMID: 30572591 PMCID: PMC6320961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a lethal disease that is characterized by auto-immunity, vascular injury, and progressive fibrosis of multiple organ systems. Despite the fact that the exact etiology of SSc remains unknown, oxidative stress has been associated with a large range of SSc-related complications. In addition to the well-known detrimental properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS), gasotransmitters (e.g., nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)) are also thought to play an important role in SSc. Accordingly, the diverse physiologic actions of NO and CO and their role in SSc have been previously studied. Recently, multiple studies have also shown the importance of the third gasotransmitter H₂S in both vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Interestingly, homocysteine (which is converted into H₂S through the transsulfuration pathway) is often found to be elevated in SSc patients; suggesting defects in the transsulfuration pathway. Hydrogen sulfide, which is known to have several effects, including a strong antioxidant and vasodilator effect, could potentially play a prominent role in the initiation and progression of vasculopathy. A better understanding of the actions of gasotransmitters, like H₂S, in the development of SSc-related vasculopathy, could help to create early interventions to attenuate the disease course. This paper will review the role of H₂S in vascular (patho-)physiology and potential disturbances in SSc. Moreover, current data from experimental animal studies will be reviewed. Lastly, we will evaluate potential interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaal Eman Abdulle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Douwe J Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Relationship between nutritional status and the systemic inflammatory response: micronutrients. Proc Nutr Soc 2018; 78:56-67. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665118002501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Micronutrients such as trace elements and vitamins are important as enzyme cofactors in the metabolism of all cells in the body and therefore key to determining nutritional status. The present systematic review examined the evidence of the impact of the systemic inflammatory response on plasma micronutrient status in acute (surgical) and chronic tissue injury. A literature review using targeted subject headings was carried out. Plasma C-reactive protein was used to classify minor (<10 mg/l), moderate (11–80 mg/l) and major (>80 mg/l) inflammation. The literature search produced 2344 publications and plasma vitamin D, zinc and carotenoids were most commonly studied and plasma vitamins K, B2and B6were least studied. In acute injury thirteen studies (all prospective) and in chronic injury twenty-four studies (largely retrospective) were included in the review. There was consistent evidence that most common measured micronutrients in the plasma (zinc, selenium, vitamins A, D, E, K, B2, B6, B12, C, lutein, lycopene, α- and β-carotene) were significantly lowered from minor to moderate to major inflammation. The results of the present systematic review indicate that most plasma micronutrients fall as part of the systemic inflammatory response irrespective of acute or chronic injury. Therefore, in the presence of a systemic inflammation, plasma micronutrient concentrations should be interpreted with caution. There are a number of methods applied to adjust plasma micronutrient concentrations to avoid misdiagnosis of deficiency. Alternatively, intracellular measurements appear to obviate the need for such plasma adjustment to assess micronutrient status.
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Moen GH, Qvigstad E, Birkeland KI, Evans DM, Sommer C. Are serum concentrations of vitamin B-12 causally related to cardiometabolic risk factors and disease? A Mendelian randomization study. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:398-404. [PMID: 29982347 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several observational studies have shown that low serum vitamin B-12 is associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. However, it is unclear if these associations reflect a causal effect of vitamin B-12 on cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases, latent confounding, or reverse causality. Objectives The aims of this study were to investigate 1) the possible causal relation between vitamin B-12 and indicators of body fat, lipid, and glucose variables; type 2 diabetes (T2D); and cardiovascular disease by using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method and 2) the possible pleiotropic role of fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2). Design We selected 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) robustly associated with serum concentrations of vitamin B-12 in a previous genomewide association study (GWAS) in 45,576 individuals. We performed 2-sample MR analyses of the relation between vitamin B-12 and cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases with the use of publicly available GWAS summary statistics for 15 outcomes in ≤339,224 individuals. The robustness of results was tested with sensitivity analyses by using MR Egger regression and weighted-median estimation, and by performing additional analyses excluding a variant in the FUT2 gene, which may be pleiotropic. Results We found a suggestive causal relation between vitamin B-12 and fasting glucose and β cell function [homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of β cell function (HOMA-B)]. However, we found no evidence that serum concentrations of vitamin B-12 were causally related to BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, plasma leptin, body fat, fasting insulin, insulin resistance (from HOMA of insulin resistance), glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, T2D, coronary artery disease, or HDL, LDL, or total cholesterol. Conclusions We found no evidence that serum concentrations of vitamin B-12 are causally related to body weight or the majority of cardiometabolic outcomes investigated. However, vitamin B-12 may have a causal effect on fasting glucose and HOMA-B, although these results will require replication in large independent data sets. This trialwas registered at http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN47414943 as ISRCTN47414943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunn-Helen Moen
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Qvigstad
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Sommer
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity, and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Peng Y, Ou BQ, Li HH, Zhou Z, Mo JL, Huang J, Liang FL. Synergistic Effect of Atorvastatin and Folic Acid on Cardiac Function and Ventricular Remodeling in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Hyperhomocysteinemia. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3744-3751. [PMID: 29863106 PMCID: PMC6015480 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, a constant progress in pathophysiology understanding and treatment of the chronic heart failure (CHF) is arising. Meanwhile, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been linked to impaired left ventricular function and clinical class in patients with CHF. Atorvastatin therapy can reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death in patients with advanced CHF. Folic acid could enhance endothelial function in vascular disease states. The present study aims to investigate the effect of atorvastatin and folic acid combined on the cardiac function and ventricular remodeling in CHF patients with HHcy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Elderly CHF patients with HHcy were divided into four groups: routine, routine + atorvastatin, routine + folic acid, and routine + atorvastatin + folic acid groups. Serum homocysteine (Hcy) level was detected using enzymatic cycling methods, and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level by ELISA. The cardiac function indexes and left ventricular early diastolic peak flow velocity/atrial systolic peak flow velocity (E/A) ratio were evaluated. The six-minute walk test was performed to measure the six-minute walk distance (6MWD). RESULTS 6MWD increased, the serum Hcy and NT-proBNP levels decreased, and cardiac function was improved compared with before treatment, which was the most significant in the routine + atorvastatin + folic acid group, followed by the routine + atorvastatin group, then the routine + folic acid group, and lastly, the routine group. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the combination of atorvastatin and folic acid improved the cardiac function and inhibited ventricular remodeling of elderly CHF patients with HHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Peng
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Bai-Qing Ou
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Hua-Hua Li
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jiong-Ling Mo
- Department of Geriatric, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Jue Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Feng-Ling Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Correlation of hyper-homocysteinemia with coronary artery disease in absence of conventional risk factors among young adults. J Saudi Heart Assoc 2018; 30:305-310. [PMID: 30069136 PMCID: PMC6067060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsha.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Coronary artery disease is major cause of mortality and morbidity. Homocysteine has long been postulated as an underlying factor for atherosclerosis leading to coronary artery disease, yet its role in young patients is uncertain. This study was aimed to analyze the correlation between plasma homocysteine and coronary artery disease among young adults in the absence of conventional risk factors. Methods It was a case-control study carried out at Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan from October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2017. Universal sampling technique was adopted and 158 participants were included. A total of 30 participants were in the control group and 128 were in the patient group, who had moderate to severe stenosis in either single or multiple major coronary arteries on coronary angiography and aged <40 years. Results Cases and controls had similar characteristics but differed significantly in serum homocysteine concentration. In the control group, the mean plasma homocysteine concentration of 6.3 (±2.05) μmol/L and in the patient group a mean plasma homocysteine concentration of 44.5 (±14.01) μmol/L was observed. All the patients with moderate to severe stenosis in single or major coronary arteries had raised plasma homocysteine concentrations. Among 128 patients, 15 (11.7%) had moderate increase, 109 (85.2%) had intermediate increase, and four (3.1%) had severe increase in plasma homocysteine levels. Single vessel coronary artery disease was observed in 118 (92.2%) patients, whereas 10 (7.8%) had more than one major coronary artery involvement. Conclusion Hyper-homocysteinemia has positive correlation with coronary artery disease among young adults in the absence of conventional risk factors.
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Prevalence of Nutritional Anemia and Hyperhomocysteinemia in Urban Elderly. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 34:330-335. [PMID: 31391724 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The data on the prevalence of nutritional anemia among the urban elderly population in India was limited. Hence, the present study was carried out with an aim to assess the prevalence of nutritional anemia and its association with vitamin B12, folate, ferritin and homocystine among the urban elderly population. A community- based cross-sectional study was carried out among 282 urban elderly (≥ 60 years) subjects (186 males and 96 females) in Hyderabad. Fasting blood samples were collected and hemoglobin (Hb) was estimated by cyanmethemoglobin method. Plasma Folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were estimated by RIA and homocysteine and ferritin levels were estimated by ELISA methods. The overall prevalence of anemia (Hb < 12 g/dL for females and < 13 g/dL for males) among the urban elderly was 20.6% and the prevalence was found to be increasing with the age. The prevalence of vitamin B12 (< 203 pg/mL), folic acid (< 4 ng/mL), ferritin (< 15 ng/mL) and hyperhomocysteinemia (≥ 12 µmol/L) in these subjects was 36.0%, 8.2%, 1.1% and 24.3% respectively. The prevalence of anemia due to deficiencies of iron (ferritin < 15 ng/mL), folate and vitamin B12 was 5.45%, 9.1% and 42.3% respectively. A significant association was observed between the prevalence of anemia with ferritin and hyperhomocysteinemia. In conclusion, the prevalence of anemia and nutritional anemia among the urban-based elderly was 20.6% and 56.85% respectively. The association of anemia with hyperhomocysteinemia needs further studies.
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Saraswathy KN, Joshi S, Yadav S, Garg PR. Metabolic distress in lipid & one carbon metabolic pathway through low vitamin B-12: a population based study from North India. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:96. [PMID: 29695256 PMCID: PMC5918761 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia and hyper-homocysteinemia are the major independent risk factors of cardio vascular disease. Deficiency of folate and vitamin B-12 are associated with both hyper-homocysteinemia and dyslipidemia. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship of homocysteine and its associated dietary determinant levels (Folate and Vitamin B-12) with lipids and obesity parameters (WC, BMI, WHR) in North Indian population. Methods The participants were recruited under a major government funded project through household survey covering 15 villages of Haryana, India. Participants were both males and females, between age group 30–65 years, from a north Indian community. Initially 1634 individuals were recruited, of which 1374 were considered for analysis as they were not found to be on any kind of medication for high blood pressure, CAD, diabetes or any other disorder, and had no missing data. 5 mL of intravenous blood sample was collected after obtaining written informed consent from the participants. Homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 levels were estimated through Immulite 1000 by chemi-luminescence technique. Triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-C were estimated by spectrophotometry technique using commercial kits. The values for LDL and VLDL were calculated using Friedwald’s equation. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) was measured over light clothing. Statistical analysis for data was performed using SPSS 16.0 version. Results All the lipid indices, except HDL, showed a trend of negative correlation with homocysteine after controlling for confounders, though not significant. No association was found between obesity (WC, BMI, WHR) and homocysteine in the present study. Vitamin B-12 deficiency was significantly associated with both hyper-homocysteinemia and low HDL. Folate was found to have significantly reduced risk for high TC & LDL. Conclusions The “hcy-lipid” hypothesis does not seem to be complementing in the present studied population. The population is vulnerable to severe under-nutrition due to the association of vitamin B-12 with HDL, leading to metabolic disturbance in both the pathways; lipid and one carbon metabolic pathway. Co-factors such as ethnicity, cultural practices, and lifestyle & dietary habits must be considered while making public health policies to control diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0748-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shipra Joshi
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Suniti Yadav
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Rani Garg
- Public health foundation of India, plot no. 47, sector 44, Delhi, NCR, 122002, India
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Zheng Y, Ma AG, Zheng MC, Wang QZ, Liang H, Han XX, Schouten EG. B Vitamins Can Reduce Body Weight Gain by Increasing Metabolism-related Enzyme Activities in Rats Fed on a High-Fat Diet. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:174-183. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Antony AC. Evidence for potential underestimation of clinical folate deficiency in resource-limited countries using blood tests. Nutr Rev 2018; 75:600-615. [PMID: 28969365 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a low serum folate concentration is a useful biomarker of pure folate deficiency, the presence of vitamin B12 deficiency or hemolysis or both in individuals with low folate status predictably raises serum folate levels. Therefore, in resource-limited settings where dietary folate deficiency can coexist with vitamin B12 deficiency or malaria or both, the serum folate concentration can range from normal to high, leading to serious underestimation of tissue folate status. This review traces the genesis of an inappropriate overreliance on the serum folate concentration to rule out folate deficiency in vulnerable populations of women and children. Of significance, without due consideration of a chronically inadequate dietary folate intake, authors of influential studies have likely wrongly judged these populations to have an adequate folate status. Through repetition, this error has led to a dangerous entry into the contemporary medical literature that folate deficiency is rare in women and children. As a consequence, many millions of under-resourced women and children with mild to moderate tissue folate deficiency may have been deprived of folate replacement. This review uses historical documents to challenge earlier conclusions and re-emphasizes the need for contextual integration of clinical information in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asok C Antony
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Yadav DK, Shrestha S, Lillycrop KA, Joglekar CV, Pan H, Holbrook JD, Fall CH, Yajnik CS, Chandak GR. Vitamin B 12 supplementation influences methylation of genes associated with Type 2 diabetes and its intermediate traits. Epigenomics 2017; 10:71-90. [PMID: 29135286 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of B12 and/or folic acid supplementation on genome-wide DNA methylation. METHODS We performed Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (Zymo Research, CA, USA) assay in children supplemented with B12 and/or folic acid (n = 12 in each group) and investigated the functional mechanism of selected differentially methylated loci. RESULTS We noted significant methylation changes postsupplementation in B12 (589 differentially methylated CpGs and 2892 regions) and B12 + folic acid (169 differentially methylated CpGs and 3241 regions) groups. Type 2 diabetes-associated genes TCF7L2 and FTO; and a miRNA, miR21 were further investigated in another B12-supplementation cohort. We also demonstrate that methylation influences miR21 expression and FTO, TCF7L2, CREBBP/CBP and SIRT1 are direct targets of miR21-3p. CONCLUSION B12 supplementation influences regulation of several metabolically important Type 2 diabetes-associated genes through methylation of miR21. Hence, our study provides novel epigenetic explanation for the association between disordered one carbon metabolism and risk of adiposity, insulin resistance and diabetes and has translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip K Yadav
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India
| | - Smeeta Shrestha
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India.,Building No 7, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore 560 078, Karnataka, India
| | - Karen A Lillycrop
- Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6 YD, UK
| | - Charu V Joglekar
- Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 011, India
| | - Hong Pan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, 119521, Singapore
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, 119521, Singapore.,Human Development & Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton & National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6 YD, UK
| | - Caroline Hd Fall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6 YD, UK
| | - Chittaranjan S Yajnik
- Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 011, India
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 007, India.,Adjunct Faculty, Human Genetics Unit, Genome Institute of Singapore, Biopolis, 138672, Singapore
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Feng X, Xu Y. Hyperhomocysteinemia as a Metabolic Risk Factor for Glucose Intolerance Among High-Risk Groups of Chinese Adults. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:2775-2781. [PMID: 28591087 PMCID: PMC5470866 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is characterized by insulin resistance and causes atherosclerosis. Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with insulin resistance and predicts cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we assessed the possible association between homocysteine and IGT. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 118 consecutive subjects with IGT (IGT group) and 128 consecutive subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT group). Homocysteine and clinical characteristics were measured. RESULTS The IGT group had higher homocysteine than the NGT group [18.00 (14.00, 22.25) vs. 12.50 (9.00, 15.00) μmol/L, p<0.001]. Homocysteine was positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (r=0.178, p=0.005), triglycerides (r=0.306, p<0.001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (r=0.312, p<0.001), 2-hour postchallenge glucose (2hPG) (r=0.363, p<0.001), fasting insulin (FINS) (r=0.655, p<0.001), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r=0.643, p<0.001), and was negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (r=-0.250, p<0.001). After controlling for confounders, hyperinsulinemia (β=7.430, p<0.001) was independently related to hyperhomocysteinemia. In a logistic regression analysis, high triglycerides (OR=1.177, p<0.001) and homocysteine (OR=1.508, p=0.007), and low HDL-C (OR=0.315, p=0.026) were associated with IGT. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IGT have higher homocysteine levels compared with subjects with normal glucose tolerance, and hyperhomocysteinemia might be correlated with IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Khaire A, Rathod R, Kale A, Joshi S. Vitamin B 12 Deficiency Across Three Generations Adversely Influences Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status and Cardiometabolic Markers in Rats. Arch Med Res 2017; 47:427-435. [PMID: 27986122 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acid deficiency is prevalent in the vegetarian population and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiometabolic risk. The present study investigates the long-term effects of vitamin B12 deficiency/supplementation in the presence of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiometabolic profile and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels (LCPUFA) in the F3 generation offspring. METHODS Three generations of rats were fed the following diets: control; vitamin B12 deficient; vitamin B12 supplemented; vitamin B12 deficient + omega-3 fatty acid supplemented; vitamin B12 + omega-3 fatty acid supplemented. Animals were sacrificed at 3 months of age. RESULTS Vitamin B12 deficiency lowered (p <0.01 for both) plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), liver DHA (p <0.05), plasma/liver omega-3 fatty acids (p <0.05 for both), increased triglycerides (p <0.05) and systolic BP (p <0.01) and lowered cholesterol levels (p <0.05) as compared to control. Vitamin B12 deficiency in the presence of omega-3 fatty acids improved plasma/liver EPA, DHA and omega-3 fatty acid profile and maintained cholesterol, triglyceride and BP levels. Vitamin B12 supplementation lowered liver DHA (p <0.05) and cholesterol (p <0.01), whereas BP was similar to control. Combined supplementation of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids improved omega-3 fatty acid profile, lowered cholesterol/triglyceride levels and maintained the BP similar to that of control. CONCLUSION Vitamin B12 deficiency across three generations adversely affects LCPUFA and cardiometabolic profile in the adult offspring. This study provides clues for a combined supplementation of vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids to reduce the risk for noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Khaire
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Richa Rathod
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Anvita Kale
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, India.
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Li WX, Li W, Cao JQ, Yan H, Sun Y, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Tang L, Wang M, Huang JF, Liu D. Folate Deficiency Was Associated with Increased Alanine Aminotransferase and Glutamyl Transpeptidase Concentrations in a Chinese Hypertensive Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:265-271. [PMID: 27725412 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) were three key enzymes in the hepatic metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism gene polymorphisms and serum Hcy and folate level on the hepatic functions in a Chinese hypertensive population. A representative sample with 480 subjects aged 28-75 was enrolled in 2005.9-2005.12 from six hospitals in different Chinese regions. Serum ALT, AST and GGT were measured by using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. Serum Hcy was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and serum folate was measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Known genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP methods. The results showed that the MTHFR C677T mutation was related a decreased serum AST level (r=-0.11, p=0.026), whereas the MTHFR A1298C mutation elevated serum AST level (r=0.11, p=0.032). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed that folate deficiency was associated with higher serum ALT (β (SE): 0.13 (0.06), p=0.031) and GGT level (β (SE): 0.18 (0.07), p=0.011). However, serum Hcy level may not affect the hepatic functions. Our data suggested that hepatic functions were affected by MTHFR gene polymorphisms and serum folate level. Further studies are needed to confirm these correlations in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Li
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University
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Momin M, Jia J, Fan F, Li J, Dou J, Chen D, Huo Y, Zhang Y. Relationship between plasma homocysteine level and lipid profiles in a community-based Chinese population. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:54. [PMID: 28288621 PMCID: PMC5348889 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies established a possible link among hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. However, there was limited epidemic data concerning the relation between HHcy and lipid profiles, especially in community-based Chinese populations. This study aim to investigate the association of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level with lipid profiles in a Chinese community-based population without lipid-lowering treatment. Method A total of 4660 Chinese subjects from a cohort of the Shijingshan district in Beijing were included in the analysis. Plasma total Hcy, serum lipid files including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as well as relevant metabolic risk factors were measured. Multivariate regression models adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, physical activity, vitamin B supplement, body mass index, fasting blood glucose level, serum creatinine, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were used to evaluate associations of Hcy and lipid profiles. Result Subjects were 56.75 ± 8.91 years old, and 38.15% were male. Median (IQR) Hcy was 11.98 (10.00–14.93) μmol/L, and 24.4% had HHcy (defined as Hcy ≥ 15 μmol/L). Mean (SD) baseline TC was 5.34 ± 0.98 mmol/L, LDL-C was 3.27 ± 0.81 mmol/L, and HDL-C was 1.43 ± 0.38 mmol/L. Median (IQR) of TG was 1.28 (0.91–1.85) mmol/L. In multivariable linear-regression analyses, lnHcy (ln transformation for Hcy) level was positively associated with lnTG (adjusted β = 0.075, SE = 0.021, P = 0.001). Using Hcy < 15 μmol/L as a reference, HHcy was independently associated with both lnTG (adjusted β = 0.056, SE = 0.020, P = 0.004) and lnHDL (adjusted β = −0.018, SE = 0.009, P = 0.038). In multivariable logistic-regression analyses, HHcy was associated with increasing risk of low HDL-C (HDL-C < 1.04 mmol/L; adjusted odds ratio [OR] =1.406, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.143 – 1.728, P = 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L; adjusted OR = 1.293, 95% CI: 1.096–1.524, P = 0.002) after adjusting the confounders. However, there were no significant associations between Hcy and TC or LDL-C. Conclusion The present study showed that HHcy was independently associated with hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of HDL-C, which provides evidence that Hcy levels might affect HDL-C and TG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohetaboer Momin
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtao Dou
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Epidemic & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Ma Y, Peng D, Liu C, Huang C, Luo J. Serum high concentrations of homocysteine and low levels of folic acid and vitamin B 12 are significantly correlated with the categories of coronary artery diseases. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:37. [PMID: 28109191 PMCID: PMC5251223 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Homocysteine (Hcy) has been considered as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Folic acid and vitamin B12 are two vital regulators in Hcy metabolic process. We evaluated the correlations between serum Hcy, folic acid and vitamin B12 with the categories of CAD. Methods Serum Hcy, folic acid and vitamin B12 from 292 CAD patients, including 73 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 116 unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 103 stable angina pectoris (SAP), and 100 controls with chest pain patients were measured, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results Compared to SAP patients, patients with AMI and UAP had higher Hcy levels with approximately average elevated (4-5) μmol/L, while SAP patients were approximately higher 8 μmol/L than controls. However, the levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 had opposite results, which in AMI group was the lowest, while in controls was the highest. CAD categories were positively correlated with Hcy (r = 0.286, p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with folic acid (r = -0.297, p < 0.001) and vitamin B12 (r = -0.208, p < 0.001). There were significant trend toward increase in the prevalence of high Hcy, low folic acid and vitamin B12 from controls, to SAP, to UAP, and to AMI. Conclusions The present study provide the valuable evidence that high concentrations of Hcy and low levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 are significantly correlated with CAD categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- East Branch, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 585 Hong He North Road, Longquan District, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Duanliang Peng
- East Branch, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 585 Hong He North Road, Longquan District, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Chenggui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1617 Ri Yue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610091, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1617 Ri Yue Avenue, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610091, China
| | - Jun Luo
- East Branch, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 585 Hong He North Road, Longquan District, Chengdu, 610101, China
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Zhao JV, Schooling CM. Homocysteine-reducing B vitamins and ischemic heart disease: a separate-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:267-273. [PMID: 27901035 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Observationally, homocysteine is positively associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and unhealthy lipids; folate and vitamin B12, which reduce homocysteine, are associated with lower IHD risk and healthy lipids. Randomized controlled trials have shown no benefits of folate and vitamin B12 for IHD. To clarify the role of these potential targets of intervention in IHD we assessed how genetically determined homocysteine, folate and vitamin-B12-affected IHD and lipids. SUBJECTS/METHODS Separate-sample instrumental variable analysis with genetic instruments, that is, Mendelian randomization, was used to obtain unconfounded estimates (based on strongly related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) using CARDIoGRAMplusC4D, a large coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction (CAD/MI) case (n=64 374)-control (n=130 681) study with extensive genotyping, and the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium Results (n=196 475). RESULTS Homocysteine was unrelated to CAD/MI (odds ratio (OR) 1.07 per log-transformed s.d., 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.19) based on 14 SNPs, as was folate (OR 1.18 per s.d., 95% CI 0.80 to 1.75) based on rs153734, and vitamin B12 (OR 0.98 per log-transformed s.d., 95% CI 0.85 to 1.14) based on rs602662, rs9473555, rs526934 and rs11254363. Homocysteine and folate were not clearly associated with lipids, vitamin B12 was associated with higher inverse normal transformed low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.07, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.12) and triglycerides (0.05, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not corroborate the observed positive association of homocysteine or negative associations of folate and vitamin B12 with CAD/MI. Vitamin B12 might be associated with an unfavorable lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Zhao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C M Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,City University of New York, School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
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Rizzo G, Laganà AS, Rapisarda AMC, La Ferrera GMG, Buscema M, Rossetti P, Nigro A, Muscia V, Valenti G, Sapia F, Sarpietro G, Zigarelli M, Vitale SG. Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation. Nutrients 2016; 8:E767. [PMID: 27916823 PMCID: PMC5188422 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cobalamin is an essential molecule for humans. It acts as a cofactor in one-carbon transfers through methylation and molecular rearrangement. These functions take place in fatty acid, amino acid and nucleic acid metabolic pathways. The deficiency of vitamin B12 is clinically manifested in the blood and nervous system where the cobalamin plays a key role in cell replication and in fatty acid metabolism. Hypovitaminosis arises from inadequate absorption, from genetic defects that alter transport through the body, or from inadequate intake as a result of diet. With the growing adoption of vegetarian eating styles in Western countries, there is growing focus on whether diets that exclude animal foods are adequate. Since food availability in these countries is not a problem, and therefore plant foods are sufficiently adequate, the most delicate issue remains the contribution of cobalamin, which is poorly represented in plants. In this review, we will discuss the status of vitamin B12 among vegetarians, the diagnostic markers for the detection of cobalamin deficiency and appropriate sources for sufficient intake, through the description of the features and functions of vitamin B12 and its absorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, Messina 98125, Italy.
| | - Agnese Maria Chiara Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, Catania 95124, Italy.
| | - Gioacchina Maria Grazia La Ferrera
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Maddalena Raimondi San Cataldo, Via Forlanini 5, San Cataldo, Caltanissetta 93017, Italy.
| | - Massimo Buscema
- Unit of Diabetology and Endocrino-Metabolic Diseases, Hospital for Emergency Cannizzaro, Via Messina 829, Catania 95126, Italy.
| | - Paola Rossetti
- Unit of Diabetology and Endocrino-Metabolic Diseases, Hospital for Emergency Cannizzaro, Via Messina 829, Catania 95126, Italy.
| | - Angela Nigro
- Unit of Diabetology and Endocrino-Metabolic Diseases, Hospital for Emergency Cannizzaro, Via Messina 829, Catania 95126, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Muscia
- Unit of Diabetology and Endocrino-Metabolic Diseases, Hospital for Emergency Cannizzaro, Via Messina 829, Catania 95126, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Valenti
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, Catania 95124, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Sapia
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, Catania 95124, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Sarpietro
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, Catania 95124, Italy.
| | - Micol Zigarelli
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, Catania 95124, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Giovanni Vitale
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, Messina 98125, Italy.
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50
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Jia J, Wang A, Wang J, Wu J, Yan X, Zhou Y, Chen S, Zhao X. Homocysteine and Its Relationship to Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis in a Chinese Community Population. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37361. [PMID: 27869211 PMCID: PMC5116757 DOI: 10.1038/srep37361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the association between homocysteine (Hcy) and asymptomatic CAS in the healthy population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Hcy levels and asymptomatic CAS in a Chinese community population. The current study included 5393 participants who were age of 40 years or older, and free of stroke, transient ischemic attack, and coronary artery disease. Demographic and clinical variables were investigated, and the presence of CAS was assessed by Color Doppler Ultrasound. A multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between Hcy levels and asymptomatic CAS. 361 (6.69%) participants were diagnosed with asymptomatic CAS, who had higher Hcy levels compared with those without (p-value for trend = 0.0001). After adjusting other possible risk factors, Hcy > 19.3μmol/L was considered as an independent indicator of asymptomatic CAS (OR 1.53, 95%CI 1.05–2.23; p-value for trend = 0.0265), but with a difference between participants with diabetes and without [OR (95%CI): 2.89(1.02–8.22) vs. 1.42(0.95–2.12); P interaction < 0.05]. In this large-population, community-based study, Hcy is an independent indicator of asymptomatic CAS, especially in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaokun Jia
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiujuan Yan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
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