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Pugliese E, Rossoni A, Zeugolis DI. Enthesis repair - State of play. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 157:213740. [PMID: 38183690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The fibrocartilaginous enthesis is a highly specialised tissue interface that ensures a smooth mechanical transfer between tendon or ligament and bone through a fibrocartilage area. This tissue is prone to injury and often does not heal, even after surgical intervention. Enthesis augmentation approaches are challenging due to the complexity of the tissue that is characterised by the coexistence of a range of cellular and extracellular components, architectural features and mechanical properties within only hundreds of micrometres. Herein, we discuss enthesis repair and regeneration strategies, with particular focus on elegant interfacial and functionalised scaffold-based designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Pugliese
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrea Rossoni
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research and School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.
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Zhu D, Trinh P, Liu E, Yang F. Cell-Cell Interactions Enhance Cartilage Zonal Development in 3D Gradient Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:831-843. [PMID: 36629329 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue is characterized by zonal organization with gradual transitions of biochemical and mechanical cues from superficial to deep zones. We previously reported that 3D gradient hydrogels made of polyethylene glycol and chondroitin sulfate can induce zonal-specific responses of chondrocytes, resulting in zonal cartilage formation that mimics native tissues. While the role of cell-matrix interactions has been studied extensively, how cell-cell interactions across different zones influence cartilage zonal development remains unknown. The goal of this study is to harness gradient hydrogels as a tool to elucidate the role of cell-cell interactions in driving cartilage zonal development. When encapsulated in intact gradient hydrogels, chondrocytes exhibited strong zonal-specific responses that mimic native cartilage zonal organization. However, the separate culture of each zone of gradient hydrogels resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation and cartilage matrix deposition across all zones, while the trend of zonal dependence remains. Unexpectedly, mixing the coculture of all five zones of hydrogels in the same culture well largely abolished the zonal differences, with all zones behaving similarly to the softest zone. These results suggest that paracrine signal exchange among cells in different zones is essential in driving cartilage zonal development, and a spatial organization of zones is required for proper tissue zonal development. Intact, separate, or coculture groups resulted in distinct gene expression patterns in mechanosensing and cartilage-specific markers, suggesting that cell-cell interactions can also modulate mechanosensing. We further showed that 7 days of priming in intact gradient culture was sufficient to instruct the cells to complete the zonal development, and the separate or mixed coculture after 7 days of intact culture had minimal effects on cartilage formation. This study highlights the important role of cell-cell interactions in driving cartilage zonal development and validates gradient hydrogels as a useful tool to elucidate the role of cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions in driving zonal development during tissue morphogenesis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Pavin Trinh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Elisa Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
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Qin S, Zhu J, Zhang G, Sui Q, Niu Y, Ye W, Ma G, Liu H. Research progress of functional motifs based on growth factors in cartilage tissue engineering: A review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1127949. [PMID: 36824354 PMCID: PMC9941568 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1127949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease that exerts significant impacts on personal life quality, and cartilage tissue engineering is a practical treatment in clinical. Various growth factors are involved in cartilage regeneration and play important roles therein, which is the focus of current cartilage repair strategy. To compensate for the purification difficulty, high cost, poor metabolic stability, and circulating dilution of natural growth factors, the concept of functional motifs (also known as mimetic peptides) from original growth factor was introduced in recent studies. Here, we reviewed the selection mechanisms, biological functions, carrier scaffolds, and modification methods of growth factor-related functional motifs, and evaluated the repair performance in cartilage tissue engineering. Finally, the prospects of functional motifs in researches and clinical application were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengao Qin
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaman Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qijia Sui
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yimeng Niu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weilong Ye
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Weilong Ye, ; Guowu Ma, ; Huiying Liu,
| | - Guowu Ma
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Weilong Ye, ; Guowu Ma, ; Huiying Liu,
| | - Huiying Liu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development and Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,*Correspondence: Weilong Ye, ; Guowu Ma, ; Huiying Liu,
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Wang R, Qiao H, Qian Y, Zhen G, Zhao Z, Li Y. Abaloparatide and teriparatide enhance mandibular growth in adolescent rats with site-specific and mechano-related effects. Eur J Orthod 2022; 45:224-234. [PMID: 36576115 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Teriparatide (TPTD) and abaloparatide (ABL) are two osteoanabolic drugs targeting parathyroid hormone (PTH)1R signalling. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TPTD and ABL on the adolescent mandibular growth. METHOD In total, 70 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 14 groups, treated with intermittent TPDT or ABL at various doses, accompanied by mandibular advancement (MA) or not. 3D printing was used to fabricate an innovative splint for MA. After a 4-week treatment, morphological measurement, histological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Mandibular condylar chondrocytes (MCCs) were treated with TPTD or ABL, followed by CCK-8 assay, alcian blue staining, real time-PCR and immunofluorescent staining. RESULT In vivo, TPTD or ABL alone increased the condylar length and cartilage thickness, with up-regulated SOX9 and COL II, whilst down-regulated COL X; however, when combined with MA, the promotive effects were attenuated. TPTD or ABL alone increased the mandibular body height and mandibular angle width, whilst increased the mandibular body length and alveolar bone width when combined with MA. In vitro, TPTD or ABL enhanced the MCC proliferation, glycosaminoglycan synthesis, COL II and SOX9 expression, whilst down-regulated COL X, Ihh and PTH1R expression. CONCLUSION Both ABL and TPTD enhance mandibular growth in adolescent rats with site-specific and mechano-related effects, including propelling chondrogenesis at the condylar cartilage and promoting bone apposition at other mechano-responsive sites. They behave as promising drugs for mandibular growth modification, and in general ABL seems more potent than TPTD in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuran Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gehua Zhen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Evans LAE, Pitsillides AA. Structural clues to articular calcified cartilage function: A descriptive review of this crucial interface tissue. J Anat 2022; 241:875-895. [PMID: 35866709 PMCID: PMC9482704 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular calcified cartilage (ACC) has been dismissed, by some, as a remnant of endochondral ossification without functional relevance to joint articulation or weight-bearing. Recent research indicates that morphologic and metabolic ACC features may be important, reflecting knee joint osteoarthritis (OA) predisposition. ACC is less investigated than neighbouring joint tissues, with its component chondrocytes and mineralised matrix often being either ignored or integrated into analyses of hyaline articular cartilage and subchondral bone tissue respectively. Anatomical variation in ACC is recognised between species, individuals and age groups, but the selective pressures underlying this variation are unknown. Consequently, optimal ACC biomechanical features are also unknown as are any potential locomotory roles. This review collates descriptions of ACC anatomy and biology in health and disease, with a view to revealing its structure/function relationship and highlighting potential future research avenues. Mouse models of healthy and OA joint ageing have shown disparities in ACC load-induced deformations at the knee joint. This raises the hypothesis that ACC response to locomotor forces over time may influence, or even underlie, the bony and hyaline cartilage symptoms characteristic of OA. To effectively investigate the ACC, greater resolution of joint imaging and merging of hierarchical scale data will be required. An appreciation of OA as a 'whole joint disease' is expanding, as is the possibility that the ACC may be a key player in healthy ageing and in the transition to OA joint pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda A. E. Evans
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary College, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Andrew A. Pitsillides
- Department of Comparative Biomedical SciencesRoyal Veterinary College, University of LondonLondonUK
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Wang W, Ye R, Xie W, Zhang Y, An S, Li Y, Zhou Y. Roles of the calcified cartilage layer and its tissue engineering reconstruction in osteoarthritis treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:911281. [PMID: 36131726 PMCID: PMC9483725 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.911281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sandwiched between articular cartilage and subchondral bone, the calcified cartilage layer (CCL) takes on both biomechanical and biochemical functions in joint development and ordinary activities. The formation of CCL is not only unique in articular cartilage but can also be found in the chondro-osseous junction adjacent to the growth plate during adolescence. The formation of CCL is an active process under both cellular regulation and intercellular communication. Abnormal alterations of CCL can be indications of degenerative diseases including osteoarthritis. Owing to the limited self-repair capability of articular cartilage and core status of CCL in microenvironment maintenance, tissue engineering reconstruction of CCL in damaged cartilage can be of great significance. This review focuses on possible tissue engineering reconstruction methods targeting CCL for further OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixi Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueyao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Senbo An
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Senbo An, ; Yusheng Li, ; Yang Zhou,
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Senbo An, ; Yusheng Li, ; Yang Zhou,
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Senbo An, ; Yusheng Li, ; Yang Zhou,
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Padmaja K, Amirtham SM, Rebekah G, Sathishkumar S, Vinod E. Supplementation of articular cartilage-derived chondroprogenitors with bone morphogenic protein-9 enhances chondrogenesis without affecting hypertrophy. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1037-1049. [PMID: 35920961 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chondroprogenitors (CPCs) have emerged as a promising cellular therapy for cartilage-related pathologies due to their inherent primed chondrogenic potential. Studies report that the addition of growth factors such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) enhance the chondroinducive potential in chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. This study evaluated if supplementation of the standard culture medium for cell expansion with 1-34 PTH and BMP-9 would enhance the chondrogenic potential of CPCs and reduce their hypertrophic tendency. METHODS Human chondrocytes were isolated from patients undergoing total knee replacement for osteoarthritis (n = 3). Following fibronectin adhesion assay, passage 1 CPCs were divided and further expanded under three culture conditions (a) control, i.e., cells continued under standard culture conditions, (b) 1-34 PTH group, additional intermittent 6 h exposure with 1-34 PTH and (c) BMP-9 group, additional BMP-9 during culture expansion. All the groups were evaluated for population-doubling, cell cycle analysis, surface marker and gene expression for chondrogenesis, hypertrophy, multilineage differentiation and GAG (glycosaminoglycan)/DNA following chondrogenic differentiation. RESULTS Concerning growth kinetics, the BMP-9 group exhibited a significantly lower S-phase and population-doubling when compared to the other two groups. Qualitative analysis for chondrogenic potential (Alcian blue, Safranin O staining and Toluidine blue for GAG) revealed that the BMP-9 group exhibited the highest uptake. The BMP-9 group also showed significantly higher COL2A1 expression than the control group, with no change in the hypertrophy marker expression. CONCLUSION BMP-9 can potentially be used as an additive for CPCs expansion, to enhance their chondrogenic potential without affecting their low hypertrophic tendency. The mitigating effects of 1-34PTH on hypertrophy would benefit further investigation when used in combination with BMP-9 to enhance chondrogenesis whilst reducing hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawin Padmaja
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | | | - Grace Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | | | - Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India. .,Centre for Stem Cell Research, (A Unit of InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India.
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Chen X, Peng Z, Yang Z. Metabolomics studies of cell-cell interactions using single cell mass spectrometry combined with fluorescence microscopy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6687-6695. [PMID: 35756524 PMCID: PMC9172575 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02298b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions are critical for transmitting signals among cells and maintaining their normal functions from the single-cell level to tissues. In cancer studies, interactions between drug-resistant and drug-sensitive cells play an important role in the development of chemotherapy resistance of tumors. As metabolites directly reflect the cell status, metabolomics studies provide insight into cell-cell communication. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool for metabolomics studies, and single cell MS (SCMS) analysis can provide unique information for understanding interactions among heterogeneous cells. In the current study, we utilized a direct co-culture system (with cell-cell contact) to study metabolomics of single cells affected by cell-cell interactions in their living status. A fluorescence microscope was utilized to distinguish these two types of cells for SCMS metabolomics studies using the Single-probe SCMS technique under ambient conditions. Our results show that through interactions with drug-resistant cells, drug-sensitive cancer cells acquired significantly increased drug resistance and exhibited drastically altered metabolites. Further investigation found that the increased drug resistance was associated with multiple metabolism regulations in drug-sensitive cells through co-culture such as the upregulation of sphingomyelins lipids and lactic acid and the downregulation of TCA cycle intermediates. The method allows for direct MS metabolomics studies of individual cells labeled with fluorescent proteins or dyes among heterogeneous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxiu Chen
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072 USA
| | - Zongkai Peng
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072 USA
| | - Zhibo Yang
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072 USA
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Tee CA, Yang Z, Wu Y, Ren X, Baranski M, Lin DJ, Hassan A, Han J, Lee EH. A Pre-Clinical Animal Study for Zonal Articular Cartilage Regeneration Using Stratified Implantation of Microcarrier Expanded Zonal Chondrocytes. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221093063. [PMID: 35446156 PMCID: PMC9152227 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221093063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The zonal properties of articular cartilage critically contribute to the mechanical support and lubrication of the tissue. Current treatments for articular cartilage have yet to regenerate this zonal architecture, thus compromising the functional efficacy of the repaired tissue and leading to tissue degeneration in the long term. In this study, the efficacy of zonal cartilage regeneration through bilayered implantation of expanded autologous zonal chondrocytes was investigated in a porcine chondral defect model. DESIGN Autologous chondrocytes extracted from articular cartilage in the non-weight bearing trochlea region of the knee were subjected to an expansion-sorting strategy, integrating dynamic microcarrier (dMC) culture, and spiral microchannel size-based zonal chondrocyte separation. Zonal chondrocytes were then implanted as bilayered fibrin hydrogel construct in a porcine knee chondral defect model. Repair efficacy was compared with implantation with cell-free fibrin hydrogel and full thickness (FT) cartilage-derived heterogenous chondrocytes. Cartilage repair was evaluated 6 months after implantation. RESULTS Sufficient numbers of zonal chondrocytes for implantation were generated from the non-weight bearing cartilage. Six-month repair outcomes showed that bilayered implantation of dMC-expanded zonal chondrocytes resulted in substantial recapitulation of zonal architecture, including chondrocyte arrangement, specific Proteoglycan 4 distribution, and collagen alignment, that was accompanied by healthier underlying subchondral bone. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that with appropriate expansion and isolation of zonal chondrocytes, the strategy of stratified zonal chondrocyte implantation represents a significant advancement to Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation-based cartilage regeneration, with the potential to improve the long-term integrity of the regenerated tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Ann Tee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore,NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore,NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiafei Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore,NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maciej Baranski
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Daryl Jimian Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore,NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Afizah Hassan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore,NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine, Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore,NUS Tissue Engineering Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Eng Hin Lee, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block 11, 119288 Singapore.
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Bundy JA, Yang JT, Morscher MA, Steiner RP, Adamczyk MJ, Weiner DS, Jacquet RD, Landis WJ. Induced hypothyroidism alters articular cartilage in skeletally immature miniature swine. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:643-657. [PMID: 33073630 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1839436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Thyroid hormone has been implicated in the normal growth and development of articular cartilage; however, its effect on a disease state, such as hypothyroidism, is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to compare normal articular cartilage from proximal femurs of immature miniature swine to proximal femurs from hypothyroid-induced immature miniature swine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two 11-week-old male Sinclair miniature swine were made hypothyroid by administration of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) in their drinking water; two control animals did not receive PTU. At 25 weeks of age, the animals were euthanized and their proximal femurs were fixed and decalcified. Samples were sectioned and analyzed by histology to define extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify types II and X collagen, and histomorphometry to assess articular cartilage mean total and localized height and cell density. Statistics included nested mixed-effects ANOVA with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS Compared to controls, hypothyroid articular cartilage demonstrated statistically significant quantitative differences in mean tissue height, mean cell density and type II collagen localized zone height. Qualitative differences in ECM proteoglycans and overall collagen types were also found. Type X collagen was not detected in either hypothyroid or control articular cartilage specimens. CONCLUSIONS Significant changes in articular cartilage structure in hypothyroid compared to control immature miniature swine suggest that thyroid hormone is critical in the growth and development of articular cartilage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding articular cartilage development in immature animal models may provide insight into healing or repair of degenerative human articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Bundy
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julianne T Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stark Women's Center, Canton, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Mark J Adamczyk
- Department of Orthopedics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Dennis S Weiner
- Department of Orthopedics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Robin DiFeo Jacquet
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - William J Landis
- Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates PTHrP transcription in human articular chondrocytes and is involved in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis in rats. J Orthop Translat 2021; 30:16-30. [PMID: 34466385 PMCID: PMC8374645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are prescribed for the management of osteoarthritis (OA)-associated pain and inflammation. However, the role of COX-2 in normal and osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes has not been well investigated. We hypothesize that COX-2 plays a role in articular chondrocytes under normal conditions and during OA progression. Methods In vivo COX-2 levels in articular cartilage of normal and papain-induced osteoarthritic rats were compared. The role of COX-2 in human articular chondrocytes (HACs) was tested in vitro by COX-2 overexpression or activity inhibition. The levels of COX-2 and marker gene for normal function or articular cartilage degeneration were evaluated: mRNA by qRT-PCR; proteins by western blotting or immunohistochemistry; and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) by Safranin O-fast green staining. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) promoter activity was detected with luciferase reporter assays. Results In the OA rat study, COX-2 and PTHrP were simultaneously increased in osteoarthritic rat chondrocytes, while increased PTHrP levels were reduced by celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor. The levels of normal cartilage matrices, GAG and type II collagen decreased, while markers of degeneration, collagen type X and MMP13 were elevated in osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes. Celecoxib rescued the loss of GAG and the increased collagen type X and MMP13 levels. In vitro, COX-2 overexpression in HACs significantly increased Col2a1, Col10a1, PTHrP and MMP13 mRNA expression, which was decreased when COX-2 activity was suppressed. More importantly, COX-2 overexpression upregulated the PTHrP transcription, mRNA expression and protein levels. Conclusion COX-2 plays a pathophysiological role by preventing terminal differentiation of articular chondrocytes by upregulating PTHrP expression at the early stage of OA progression. The Translational potential of this article COX2 up-regulates PTHrP expression in normal and OA articular chondrocytes.
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-β2) is recognized as a versatile cytokine that plays a vital role in regulation of joint development, homeostasis, and diseases, but its role as a biological mechanism is understood far less than that of its counterpart, TGF-β1. Cartilage as a load-resisting structure in vertebrates however displays a fragile performance when any tissue disturbance occurs, due to its lack of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics. Recent reports have indicated that TGF-β2 is involved in the physiological processes of chondrocytes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis, and the pathological progress of cartilage such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). TGF-β2 also shows its potent capacity in the repair of cartilage defects by recruiting autologous mesenchymal stem cells and promoting secretion of other growth factor clusters. In addition, some pioneering studies have already considered it as a potential target in the treatment of OA and RA. This article aims to summarize the current progress of TGF-β2 in cartilage development and diseases, which might provide new cues for remodelling of cartilage defect and intervention of cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Mosher CZ, Brudnicki PAP, Gong Z, Childs HR, Lee SW, Antrobus RM, Fang EC, Schiros TN, Lu HH. Green electrospinning for biomaterials and biofabrication. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34102612 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac0964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Green manufacturing has emerged across industries, propelled by a growing awareness of the negative environmental and health impacts associated with traditional practices. In the biomaterials industry, electrospinning is a ubiquitous fabrication method for producing nano- to micro-scale fibrous meshes that resemble native tissues, but this process traditionally utilizes solvents that are environmentally hazardous and pose a significant barrier to industrial scale-up and clinical translation. Applying sustainability principles to biomaterial production, we have developed a 'green electrospinning' process by systematically testing biologically benign solvents (U.S. Food and Drug Administration Q3C Class 3), and have identified acetic acid as a green solvent that exhibits low ecological impact (global warming potential (GWP) = 1.40 CO2eq. kg/L) and supports a stable electrospinning jet under routine fabrication conditions. By tuning electrospinning parameters, such as needle-plate distance and flow rate, we updated the fabrication of widely utilized biomedical polymers (e.g. poly-α-hydroxyesters, collagen), polymer blends, polymer-ceramic composites, and growth factor delivery systems. Resulting 'green' fibers and composites are comparable to traditional meshes in terms of composition, chemistry, architecture, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. Interestingly, material properties of green synthetic fibers are more biomimetic than those of traditionally electrospun fibers, doubling in ductility (91.86 ± 35.65 vs. 45 ± 15.07%,n= 10,p< 0.05) without compromising yield strength (1.32 ± 0.26 vs. 1.38 ± 0.32 MPa) or ultimate tensile strength (2.49 ± 0.55 vs. 2.36 ± 0.45 MPa). Most importantly, green electrospinning proves advantageous for biofabrication, rendering a greater protection of growth factors during fiber formation (72.30 ± 1.94 vs. 62.87 ± 2.49% alpha helical content,n= 3,p< 0.05) and recapitulating native ECM mechanics in the fabrication of biopolymer-based meshes (16.57 ± 3.92% ductility, 33.38 ± 30.26 MPa elastic modulus, 1.30 ± 0.19 MPa yield strength, and 2.13 ± 0.36 MPa ultimate tensile strength,n= 10). The eco-conscious approach demonstrated here represents a paradigm shift in biofabrication, and will accelerate the translation of scalable biomaterials and biomimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Z Mosher
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Philip A P Brudnicki
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Zhengxiang Gong
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Hannah R Childs
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Romare M Antrobus
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Elisa C Fang
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
| | - Theanne N Schiros
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America.,Science and Mathematics Department, Fashion Institute of Technology, New York, NY 10001, United States of America
| | - Helen H Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America.,Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States of America
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14
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Gigout A, Harazin D, Topping LM, Merciris D, Lindemann S, Brenneis C, Nissim A. Early detection of osteoarthritis in the rat with an antibody specific to type II collagen modified by reactive oxygen species. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:113. [PMID: 33853645 PMCID: PMC8045329 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of the whole joint, with articular cartilage breakdown as a major characteristic. Inflammatory mediators, proteases, and oxidants produced by chondrocytes are known to be responsible for driving cartilage degradation. Nevertheless, the early pathogenic events are still unclear. To investigate this, we employed an antibody that is specific to oxidative post-translationally modified collagen type II (anti-oxPTM-CII) to detect early cartilage pathogenic changes in two rat models of OA. METHODS The animals underwent surgery for destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) and were sacrificed after 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days. Alternatively, anterior cruciate ligament transection with partial meniscectomy (ACLT+pMx) was performed and animals were sacrificed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days. Joints were stained with toluidine blue and saffron du Gatinais for histological scoring, anti-oxPTM-CII, and anti-collagen type X antibodies (anti-CX). RESULTS We observed positive oxPTM-CII staining as early as 1 or 3 days after ACLT+pMx or DMM surgeries, respectively, before overt cartilage lesions were visible. oxPTM-CII was located mostly in the deep zone of the medial tibial cartilage, in the pericellular and territorial matrix of hypertrophic chondrocytes, and co-localized with CX staining. Staining was weak or absent for the lateral compartment or the contralateral knees except at later time points. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that oxidant production and chondrocyte hypertrophy occur very early in the onset of OA, possibly initiating the pathogenic events of OA. We propose to use anti-oxPTM-CII as an early biomarker for OA ahead of radiographic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Gigout
- Osteoarthritis Research, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Louise M Topping
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Chaterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ahuva Nissim
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Chaterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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15
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Alfarafisa NM, Kitaguchi K, Yabe T. Diospyros kaki extract protects myoblasts from oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity via secretions derived from intestinal epithelium. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:430-439. [PMID: 33604620 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Under oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) alter signal transduction and induce macromolecular damage in cells. Such oxidative damage can lead to sarcopenia, an age-related syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of mass and strength of skeletal muscles. Because food components do not directly come in contact with muscle cells, we focused on the effects of secretions produced by stimulated intestinal epithelial cells on oxidative stress in myoblast cells. An extract of Diospyros kaki was fractionated using different concentrations of ethanol. Each fraction showed different levels of antioxidant and phenolic compounds. The biological activity was evaluated using a Caco-2 cell coculture system. Secretions from Caco-2 cells exposed to 0.5 mg/mL D. kaki extract attenuated the oxidative stress-induced reduction of C2C12 cell viability, suggesting that the D. kaki extract could stimulate intestinal epithelial cells to produce secretions that reduce oxidative stress in myoblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kohji Kitaguchi
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tomio Yabe
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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16
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Huang W, Nagasaka M, Furukawa KS, Ushida T. Local Strain Distribution and Increased Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling in Bovine Articular Cartilage Exposed to Compressive Strain. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1072292. [PMID: 31891377 DOI: 10.1115/1.4045807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Articular cartilage is exposed to compressive strain of approximately 10% under physiological loads in vivo, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling is one of the earliest responses in chondrocytes under this physical stimulation. However, it remains unknown whether compressive strain itself evokes intracellular Ca2+ signaling in chondrocytes located within each layer (from surface to deep) in an equal manner with physiological levels of strain. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the distribution of local strain and increased intracellular Ca2+ signaling in layer-dependent cell populations in response to 10% compressive strain loading. For this purpose, the time course of strain was measured in each layer to calculate layer-specific deformation properties. In addition, layer-specific changes in chondrocyte intracellular Ca2+ signals were recorded over time using a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, Fluo-3, to establish ratios of cells with increased Ca2+ signaling at each depth of cartilage under static conditions or exposed to compression. The results showed that the surface layer was compressed with a larger strain compared with other layers. Few cells with Ca2+ signaling were observed under static conditions. Percentages of responsive cells within compressed cartilage were higher than those within cartilage under static conditions. However, increased intracellular Ca2+ signals were observed in a prominent number of chondrocytes within the deep layer, but not the surface layer, of compressed cartilage. Our results suggest that at a physiological compression level, Ca2+ is upregulated, but the stimulation of Ca2+ signaling in articular cartilage is not simply defined by local deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Minami Nagasaka
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Katsuko S Furukawa
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Ushida
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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17
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Boushell MK, Mosher CZ, Suri GK, Doty SB, Strauss EJ, Hunziker EB, Lu HH. Polymeric mesh and insulin-like growth factor 1 delivery enhance cell homing and graft-cartilage integration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1442:138-152. [PMID: 30985969 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage injury, such as full-thickness lesions, predisposes patients to the premature development of osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease. While surgical management of cartilage lesions has improved, long-term clinical efficacy has stagnated, owing to the lack of hyaline cartilage regeneration and inadequate graft-host integration. This study tests the hypothesis that integration of cartilage grafts with native cartilage can be improved by enhancing the migration of chondrocytes across the graft-host interface via the release of chemotactic factor from a degradable polymeric mesh. To this end, a polylactide-co-glycolide/poly-ε-caprolactone mesh was designed to localize the delivery of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a well-established chondrocyte attractant. The release of IGF-1 (100 ng/mg) enhanced cell migration from cartilage explants, and the mesh served as critical structural support for cell adhesion, growth, and production of a cartilaginous matrix in vitro, which resulted in increased integration strength compared with mesh-free repair. Further, this neocartilage matrix was structurally contiguous with native and grafted cartilage when tested in an osteochondral explant model in vivo. These results demonstrate that this combined approach of a cell homing factor and supportive matrix will promote cell-mediated integrative cartilage repair and improve clinical outcomes of cartilage grafts in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K Boushell
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Z Mosher
- Analytical Microscopy Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Gurbani K Suri
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Stephen B Doty
- Analytical Microscopy Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Eric J Strauss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ernst B Hunziker
- Department of BioMedical Research, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Helen H Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
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18
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Bach FC, de Rooij KM, Riemers FM, Snuggs JW, de Jong WAM, Zhang Y, Creemers LB, Chan D, Le Maitre C, Tryfonidou MA. Hedgehog proteins and parathyroid hormone-related protein are involved in intervertebral disc maturation, degeneration, and calcification. JOR Spine 2019; 2:e1071. [PMID: 31891120 PMCID: PMC6920702 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and hedgehog signaling play an important role in chondrocyte development, (hypertrophic) differentiation, and/or calcification, but their role in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is unknown. Better understanding their involvement may provide therapeutic clues for low back pain due to IVD degeneration. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of PTHrP and hedgehog proteins in postnatal canine and human IVDs during the aging/degenerative process. The expression of PTHrP, hedgehog proteins and related receptors was studied during the natural loss of the notochordal cell (NC) phenotype during IVD maturation using tissue samples and de-differentiation in vitro and degeneration by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Correlations between their expression and calcification levels (Alizarin Red S staining) were determined. In addition, the effect of PTHrP and hedgehog proteins on canine and human chondrocyte-like cells (CLCs) was determined in vitro focusing on the propensity to induce calcification. The expression of PTHrP, its receptor (PTHR1) and hedgehog receptors decreased during loss of the NC phenotype. N-terminal (active) hedgehog (Indian hedgehog/Sonic hedgehog) protein expression did not change during maturation or degeneration, whereas expression of PTHrP, PTHR1 and hedgehog receptors increased during IVD degeneration. Hedgehog and PTHR1 immunopositivity were increased in nucleus pulposus tissue with abundant vs no/low calcification. In vitro, hedgehog proteins facilitated calcification in CLCs, whereas PTHrP did not affect calcification levels. In conclusion, hedgehog and PTHrP expression is present in healthy and degenerated IVDs. Hedgehog proteins had the propensity to induce calcification in CLCs from degenerated IVDs, indicating that in the future, inhibiting hedgehog signaling could be an approach to inhibit calcification during IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Kim M. de Rooij
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Frank M. Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Joseph W. Snuggs
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Willem A. M. de Jong
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Christine Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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19
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Tee CA, Yang Z, Yin L, Wu Y, Han J, Lee EH. Improved zonal chondrocyte production protocol integrating size-based inertial spiral microchannel separation and dynamic microcarrier culture for clinical application. Biomaterials 2019; 220:119409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Bhardwaj N, Singh YP, Mandal BB. Silk Fibroin Scaffold-Based 3D Co-Culture Model for Modulation of Chondrogenesis without Hypertrophy via Reciprocal Cross-talk and Paracrine Signaling. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5240-5254. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandana Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Guwahati 781125, India
| | - Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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21
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Idaszek J, Costantini M, Karlsen TA, Jaroszewicz J, Colosi C, Testa S, Fornetti E, Bernardini S, Seta M, Kasarełło K, Wrzesień R, Cannata S, Barbetta A, Gargioli C, Brinchman JE, Święszkowski W. 3D bioprinting of hydrogel constructs with cell and material gradients for the regeneration of full-thickness chondral defect using a microfluidic printing head. Biofabrication 2019; 11:044101. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a key regulator of chronic osteoarthritic pain, but the exact targets of NGF action on human articular cartilage is unknown. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the NGF-tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) (high-affinity NGF receptor) pathway plays a role in the calcification process of human articular chondrocytes (hACs). A 14-aa small peptide of NGF (Nsp) previously shown to activate NGF signaling in rat PC12 cells was used as an NGF signaling agonist, and recombinant NGF and the pan-Trk inhibitor GNF-5837 were employed as signaling modulating agents. The functional consequences of NGF-TrkA signaling were examined in human healthy articular chondrocytes maintained under conditions supportive of osteogenesis in vitro. The NGF-mimetic bioactivity of Nsp was first confirmed on the basis of maintenance of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Primary human chondrocytes responded to Nsp in vitro. Perturbation of NGF signaling with NGF, Nsp, and GNF-5837 resulted in a strong induction of chondrocyte calcification, and gene expression data suggested that the Indian Hedgehog-parathyroid hormone-related protein signaling axis was involved. These findings suggest functional involvement of NGF signaling in calcification of hACs and the importance of NGF signaling in articular cartilage homeostasis.-Jiang, Y., Tuan, R. S. Role of NGF-TrkA signaling in calcification of articular chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzi Jiang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Kauppinen S, Karhula SS, Thevenot J, Ylitalo T, Rieppo L, Kestilä I, Haapea M, Hadjab I, Finnilä MA, Quenneville E, Garon M, Gahunia HK, Pritzker KPH, Buschmann MD, Saarakkala S, Nieminen HJ. 3D morphometric analysis of calcified cartilage properties using micro-computed tomography. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:172-180. [PMID: 30287395 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim is to establish methods for quantifying morphometric properties of calcified cartilage (CC) from micro-computed tomography (μCT). Furthermore, we evaluated the feasibility of these methods in investigating relationships between osteoarthritis (OA), tidemark surface morphology and open subchondral channels (OSCCs). METHOD Samples (n = 15) used in this study were harvested from human lateral tibial plateau (n = 8). Conventional roughness and parameters assessing local 3-dimensional (3D) surface variations were used to quantify the surface morphology of the CC. Subchondral channel properties (percentage, density, size) were also calculated. As a reference, histological sections were evaluated using Histopathological osteoarthritis grading (OARSI) and thickness of CC and subchondral bone (SCB) was quantified. RESULTS OARSI grade correlated with a decrease in local 3D variations of the tidemark surface (amount of different surface patterns (rs = -0.600, P = 0.018), entropy of patterns (EP) (rs = -0.648, P = 0.018), homogeneity index (HI) (rs = 0.555, P = 0.032)) and tidemark roughness (TMR) (rs = -0.579, P = 0.024). Amount of different patterns (ADP) and EP associated with channel area fraction (CAF) (rp = 0.876, P < 0.0001; rp = 0.665, P = 0.007, respectively) and channel density (CD) (rp = 0.680, P = 0.011; rp = 0.582, P = 0.023, respectively). TMR was associated with CAF (rp = 0.926, P < 0.0001) and average channel size (rp = 0.574, P = 0.025). CC topography differed statistically significantly in early OA vs healthy samples. CONCLUSION We introduced a μ-CT image method to quantify 3D CC topography and perforations through CC. CC topography was associated with OARSI grade and OSCC properties; this suggests that the established methods can detect topographical changes in tidemark and CC perforations associated with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kauppinen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - S S Karhula
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Infotech, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - J Thevenot
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Infotech, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - T Ylitalo
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - L Rieppo
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - I Kestilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - M Haapea
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - I Hadjab
- Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Biomomentum Inc., 970 Michelin St., Suite 200, Laval, Quebec H7L 5C1, Canada.
| | - M A Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - E Quenneville
- Biomomentum Inc., 970 Michelin St., Suite 200, Laval, Quebec H7L 5C1, Canada.
| | - M Garon
- Biomomentum Inc., 970 Michelin St., Suite 200, Laval, Quebec H7L 5C1, Canada.
| | - H K Gahunia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - K P H Pritzker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - S Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - H J Nieminen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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24
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Zhang W, Robertson WB, Zhao J, Chen W, Xu J. Emerging Trend in the Pharmacotherapy of Osteoarthritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:431. [PMID: 31312184 PMCID: PMC6614338 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder and one of the most prevalent diseases among the elderly population. Due to the limited spontaneous healing capacity of articular cartilage, it still remains challenging to find satisfactory treatment for OA. This review covers the emerging trends of pharmacologic therapies for OA such as traditional OA drugs (acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), intra-articular injections of corticosteroids, and dietary supplements), which are effective in pain relief but not in reversing damage, and are frequently associated with adverse events. Alternatively, disease-modifying drugs provide promising alternatives for the management of OA. The development of these emerging OA therapeutic agents requires a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of OA progression. The process of cartilage anabolism/catabolism, subchondral bone remodeling and synovial inflammation are identified as potential targets. These emerging OA drugs such as bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), fibroblast growth factor-18 (FGF-18), human serum albumin (HSA), interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitor, β-Nerve growth factor (β-NGF) antibody, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and inverse agonist of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) etc. have shown potential to modify progression of OA with minimal adverse effects. However, large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to investigate the safety and efficacy before translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - William Brett Robertson
- Australian Institute of Robotic Orthopaedics, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Chen
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Jiake Xu
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Yu X, Zhao T, Qi Y, Luo J, Fang J, Yang X, Liu X, Xu T, Yang Q, Gou Z, Dai X. In vitro Chondrocyte Responses in Mg-doped Wollastonite/Hydrogel Composite Scaffolds for Osteochondral Interface Regeneration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17911. [PMID: 30559344 PMCID: PMC6297151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC) is the mineralized region between the hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone and is critical in cartilage repair. A new non-stoichiometric calcium silicate (10% Ca substituted by Mg; CSi-Mg10) has been demonstrated to be highly bioactive in an osteogenic environment in vivo. This study is aimed to systematically evaluate the potential to regenerate osteochondral interface with different amount of Ca-Mg silicate in hydrogel-based scaffolds, and to compare with the scaffolds containing conventional Ca-phosphate biomaterials. Hydrogel-based porous scaffolds combined with 0-6% CSi-Mg10, 6% β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) or 6% nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) were made with three-dimensional (3D) printing. An increase in CSi-Mg10 content is desirable for promoting the hypertrophy and mineralization of chondrocytes, as well as cell proliferation and matrix deposition. Osteogenic and chondrogenic induction were both up-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. In comparison with the scaffolds containing 6% β-TCP or nHAp, human deep zone chondrocytes (hDZCs) seeded on CSi-Mg10 scaffold of equivalent concentration exhibited higher mineralization. It is noteworthy that the hDZCs in the 6% CSi-Mg10 scaffolds maintained a higher expression of the calcified cartilage zone specific extracellular matrix marker and hypertrophic marker, collagen type X. Immunohistochemical and Alizarin Red staining reconfirmed these findings. The study demonstrated that hydrogel-based hybrid scaffolds containing 6% CSi-Mg10 are particularly desirable for inducing the formation of calcified cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinning Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital (International Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yiying Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jianyang Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jinghua Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital (International Medical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University), Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Xianyan Yang
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Tengjing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Quanming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhongru Gou
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International NanoSystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xuesong Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Kunisch E, Knauf AK, Hesse E, Freudenberg U, Werner C, Bothe F, Diederichs S, Richter W. StarPEG/heparin-hydrogel based in vivo engineering of stable bizonal cartilage with a calcified bottom layer. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015001. [PMID: 30376451 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aae75a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Repaired cartilage tissue lacks the typical zonal structure of healthy native cartilage needed for appropriate function. Current grafts for treatment of full thickness cartilage defects focus primarily on a nonzonal design and this may be a reason why inferior nonzonal regeneration tissue developed in vivo. No biomaterial-based solutions have been developed so far to induce a proper zonal architecture into a non-mineralized and a calcified cartilage layer. The objective was to grow bizonal cartilage with a calcified cartilage bottom zone wherein main tissue development is occurring in vivo. We hypothesized that starPEG/heparin-hydrogel owing to the glycosaminoglycan heparin contained as a building-block would prevent mineralization of the upper cartilage zone and be beneficial in inhibiting long-term progression of calcified cartilage into bone. MSCs were pre-cultured as self-assembling non-mineralized cell discs before a chondrocyte-seeded fibrin- or starPEG/heparin-hydrogel layer was cast on top directly before ectopic implantation. Bizonal cartilage with a calcified bottom-layer developed in vivo showing stronger mineralization compared to in vitro samples, but the hydrogel strongly determined outcome. Zonal fibrin-constructs lost volume and allowed non-organized expansion of collagen type X, ALP-activity and mineralization from the bottom-layer into upper regions, whereas zonal starPEG/heparin-constructs were of stable architecture. While non-zonal MSCs-derived discs formed bone over 12 weeks, the starPEG/heparin-chondrocyte layer prevented further progression of calcified cartilage into bone tissue. Conclusively, starPEG/heparin-hydrogel-controlled and cell-type mediated spatiotemporal regulation allowed in vivo growth of bizonal cartilage with a stable calcified cartilage layer. Altogether our work is an important milestone encouraging direct in vivo growth of organized cartilage after biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Kunisch
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Arthroscopic Cartilage Lesion Preparation in the Human Cadaveric Knee Using a Curette Technique Demonstrates Clinically Relevant Histologic Variation. Arthroscopy 2018; 34:2179-2188. [PMID: 29653795 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the quality of arthroscopic cartilage debridement using a curette technique by comparing regional and morphologic variations within cartilage lesions prepared in human cadaveric knee specimens for the purpose of cartilage repair procedures. A secondary aim was to compare the histologic properties of cartilage lesions prepared by surgeons of varying experience. METHODS Standardized cartilage lesions (8 mm × 15 mm), located to the medial/lateral condyle and medial/lateral trochlea were created within 12 human cadaver knees by 40 orthopaedic surgeons. Participants were instructed to create full-thickness cartilage defects within the marked area, shouldered by uninjured vertical walls of cartilage, and to remove the calcified cartilage layer, without violating the subchondral plate. Histologic specimens were prepared to examine the verticality of surrounding cartilage walls at the front and rear aspects of the lesions, and to characterize the properties of the surrounding cartilage, the cartilage wall profile, the debrided lesion depth, bone sinusoid access, and the bone surface profile. Comparative analysis of cartilage wall verticality measured as deviation from perpendicular was performed, and Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to examine associations between debrided wall verticality and surgeon experience. RESULTS Mean cartilage wall verticality relative to the base of the lesion was superior at the rear aspect of the lesion compared to the front aspect (12.9° vs 29.2°, P < .001). Variability was identified in the morphology of the surrounding cartilage (P < .001), cartilage wall profile (P = .016), debrided lesion depth (P = .028), bone surface profile (P = .040), and bone sinusoid access (P = .009), with sinusoid access identified in 42% of cases. There was no significant association of cartilage lesion wall verticality and surgeon years in practice (rs = 0.161, P = .065) or arthroscopic caseload (rs = -0.071, P = .419). CONCLUSIONS Arthroscopic cartilage lesion preparation using standard curette technique in a human cadaveric knee model results in inferior perpendicularity of the surrounding cartilage walls at the front aspect of the defect, compared to the rear aspect. This technique has shown significant variability in the depth of debridement, with debridement depths identified as either too superficial or too deep to the calcified cartilage layer in more than 60% of cases in this study. Surgeon experience does not appear to impact the morphologic properties of cartilage lesions prepared arthroscopically using ring curettes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To optimize restoration of hyaline-like cartilage tissue, careful attention to prepared cartilage lesion morphology is advised when arthroscopically performing cartilage repair, given the tendency for standard curette technique to create inferior verticality of cartilage walls at the front of the lesion, and the variable depth of debridement achieved.
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Blasiak A, Whyte GP, Matlak A, Brzóska R, Sadlik B. Morphologic Properties of Cartilage Lesions in the Knee Arthroscopically Prepared by the Standard Curette Technique Are Inferior to Lesions Prepared by Specialized Chondrectomy Instruments. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:908-914. [PMID: 29281796 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517745489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage lesion preparation is an important component to cartilage repair procedures, given the effect of prepared lesion morphology on the formation of durable and well-integrated repair tissue. PURPOSE To compare the quality of arthroscopic cartilage lesion debridement performed by (1) the standard curette (SC) technique and (2) specialized chondrectomy (CM) instruments, to provide technical guidance for optimization of cartilage lesion preparation in the setting of arthroscopic cartilage repair. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Articular cartilage lesions of standardized size (8 × 15 mm) were demarcated within the trochlea and femoral condyles of 20 human cadaver knee specimens. Orthopaedic surgeons performed arthroscopic lesion preparation using 2 techniques that consisted of SC preparation and preparation by CM instruments. A histologic comparative analysis was performed within each treatment group and between treatment groups to evaluate the morphology of prepared cartilage defects. RESULTS The mean angle deviation from perpendicular of the cartilage wall at the front of the prepared cartilage lesions was significantly greater in the SC group versus the CM group (29.8° ± 21.4° vs 7.7° ± 7.6°, P < .001). In lesions prepared via the SC technique, the cartilage walls at the front of the prepared lesions were significantly less perpendicular than the cartilage walls at the rear of the lesions (29.8° ± 21.4° vs 11.0° ± 10.3°, P < .001), whereas lesions prepared by the CM technique demonstrated comparable verticality of surrounding cartilage walls at the front and rear aspects of the lesions (7.7° ± 7.6° vs 9.4° ± 12.3°, P = .827). Depth of lesion debridement was accomplished to the target level by the CM technique in 86% of prepared lesions, compared with 34% of lesions in the SC group. The prepared cartilage wall profile was characterized as the most ideal morphology in 55% of prepared lesions in the CM group, as opposed to 10% in the SC group. CONCLUSION Arthroscopic cartilage lesion preparation with SC instruments results in superior perpendicularity of surrounding cartilage walls to subchondral bone and greater consistency of debrided lesion depth, as compared with the standard debridement technique with curettes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Arthroscopic preparation using standard curette technique leads to suboptimal morphologic characteristics of prepared lesions that likely affect the quality of repair tissue, compared to preparation using specialized chondrectomy instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Blasiak
- Biological Joint Reconstruction Department, St Luke's Hospital, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Graeme P Whyte
- Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Queens, New York, NY, USA.,Orthopaedic Arthroscopic Surgery International Bioresearch Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Adrian Matlak
- Biological Joint Reconstruction Department, St Luke's Hospital, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Roman Brzóska
- Department of Upper Limb Surgery, St Luke's Hospital, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Sadlik
- Biological Joint Reconstruction Department, St Luke's Hospital, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
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Fahy N, Gardner OFW, Alini M, Stoddart MJ. Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Gradients Affect the Progression of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis and Hypertrophy. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:849-859. [PMID: 29073831 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising cell source for cartilage repair strategies due to their chondrogenic differentiation potential. However, their in vitro tendency to progress toward hypertrophy limits their clinical use. This unfavorable result may be due to the fact that MSCs used in tissue engineering approaches are all at the same developmental stage, and have lost crucial spatial and temporal signaling cues. In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of a spatial parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) signaling gradient on the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and progression to hypertrophy. METHODS Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were transduced with adenoviral vectors overexpressing PTHrP and seeded into fibrin-poly(ester-urethane) scaffolds. To investigate the effect of a spatial PTHrP signaling gradient, scaffolds were seeded with PTHrP-overexpressing MSCs positioned on top of the scaffold, with untransduced MSCs seeded evenly within. Scaffolds were cultured with or without 2 ng/mL transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 for 28 days. RESULTS PTHrP overexpression increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production by MSCs irrespective of TGF-β1 treatment, and exerted differential effects on chondrogenic and hypertrophic gene expression when MSCs were cultured in the presence of a PTHrP signaling gradient. Furthermore, PTHrP-overexpressing MSCs were associated with an increase of endogenous TGF-β1 production and reduced total MMP-13 secretion compared to controls. CONCLUSION The presence of a spatial PTHrP signaling gradient may support chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and promote the formation of a more stable cartilage phenotype in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fahy
- 1 AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- 1 AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- 1 AO Research Institute Davos , Davos Platz, Switzerland .,2 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
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Bicho D, Pina S, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. In Vitro Mimetic Models for the Bone-Cartilage Interface Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:373-394. [PMID: 29736583 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In embryonic development, pure cartilage structures are in the basis of bone-cartilage interfaces. Despite this fact, the mature bone and cartilage structures can vary greatly in composition and function. Nevertheless, they collaborate in the osteochondral region to create a smooth transition zone that supports the movements and forces resulting from the daily activities. In this sense, all the hierarchical organization is involved in the maintenance and reestablishment of the equilibrium in case of damage. Therefore, this interface has attracted a great deal of interest in order to understand the mechanisms of regeneration or disease progression in osteoarthritis. With that purpose, in vitro tissue models (either static or dynamic) have been studied. Static in vitro tissue models include monocultures, co-cultures, 3D cultures, and ex vivo cultures, mostly cultivated in flat surfaces, while dynamic models involve the use of bioreactors and microfluidic systems. The latter have emerged as alternatives to study the cellular interactions in a more authentic manner over some disadvantages of the static models. The current alternatives of in vitro mimetic models for bone-cartilage interface regeneration are overviewed and discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bicho
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Pina
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J Miguel Oliveira
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition characterized by painful cartilage lesions that impair joint mobility. Current treatments such as lavage, microfracture, and osteochondral implantation fail to integrate newly formed tissue with host tissues and establish a stable transition to subchondral bone. Similarly, tissue-engineered grafts that facilitate cartilage and bone regeneration are challenged by how to integrate the graft seamlessly with surrounding host cartilage and/or bone. This review centers on current approaches to promote cartilage graft integration. It begins with an overview of articular cartilage structure and function, as well as degenerative changes to this relationship attributed to aging, disease, and trauma. A discussion of the current progress in integrative cartilage repair follows, focusing on graft or scaffold design strategies targeting cartilage-cartilage and/or cartilage-bone integration. It is emphasized that integrative repair is required to ensure long-term success of the cartilage graft and preserve the integrity of the newly engineered articular cartilage. Studies involving the use of enzymes, choice of cell source, biomaterial selection, growth factor incorporation, and stratified versus gradient scaffolds are therefore highlighted. Moreover, models that accurately evaluate the ability of cartilage grafts to enhance tissue integrity and prevent ectopic calcification are also discussed. A summary and future directions section concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K Boushell
- a Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Clark T Hung
- b Cellular Engineering Laboratory , Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Ernst B Hunziker
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Department of Clinical Research, Center of Regenerative Medicine for Skeletal Tissues , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Eric J Strauss
- d Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Langone Medical Center , New York University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Helen H Lu
- a Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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Boushell MK, Khanarian NT, LeGeros RZ, Lu HH. Effect of ceramic calcium-phosphorus ratio on chondrocyte-mediated biosynthesis and mineralization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2694-2702. [PMID: 28547848 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The osteochondral interface functions as a structural barrier between cartilage and bone, maintaining tissue integrity postinjury and during homeostasis. Regeneration of this calcified cartilage region is thus essential for integrative cartilage healing, and hydrogel-ceramic composite scaffolds have been explored for calcified cartilage formation. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that Ca/P ratio of the ceramic phase of the composite scaffold regulates chondrocyte biosynthesis and mineralization potential. Specifically, the response of deep zone chondrocytes to two bioactive ceramics with different calcium-phosphorus ratios (1.35 ± 0.01 and 1.41 ± 0.02) was evaluated in agarose hydrogel scaffolds over two weeks in vitro. It was observed that the ceramic with higher calcium-phosphorus ratio enhanced chondrocyte proliferation, glycosaminoglycan production, and induced an early onset of alkaline phosphorus activity, while the ceramic with lower calcium-phosphorus ratio performed similarly to the ceramic-free control. These results underscore the importance of ceramic bioactivity in directing chondrocyte response, and demonstrate that Ca/P ratio is a key parameter to be considered in osteochondral scaffold design. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2694-2702, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K Boushell
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10027
| | - Nora T Khanarian
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10027
| | - Raquel Z LeGeros
- Calcium Phosphate Research Laboratory, Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, 10010
| | - Helen H Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10027
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Jia PT, Zhang XL, Zuo HN, Lu X, Gai PZ. A study on role of triiodothyronine (T3) hormone on the improvement of articular cartilage surface architecture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:625-629. [PMID: 28602390 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the improvement of articular cartilage surface architecture at in vitro level. The T3 hormone was applied to neo-tissues in the range of 50, 100, 150 and 200ng/ml for 5 weeks. At the end of the treatment, biochemical and histological evaluation was carried out in the neo-tissues. T3 hormone application significantly increased the collagen production in neo-cartilage tissues. The properties of tensile and compressive were significantly increased compared to the controls. However, T3 hormone application also induced hypertrophy. At the higher dose concentration of T3 hormone application, tensile and compressive properties were tremendously increased 4.3 and 4.6 fold respectively. Taking all these data together, it suggested that the T3 hormone application could be a potential agent to increase the functional properties such tensile and compressive in neo-tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Tong Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Xing-Lin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Hai-Ning Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Peng-Zhou Gai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, 264000, China.
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Wang INE, Bogdanowicz DR, Mitroo S, Shan J, Kala S, Lu HH. Cellular interactions regulate stem cell differentiation in tri-culture. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:476-487. [PMID: 27599920 PMCID: PMC5388351 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1230106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the mechanism governing the regeneration of the soft tissue-to-bone interface, such as the transition between the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and bone, is not known. Focusing on the ACL-to-bone insertion, this study tests the novel hypothesis that interactions between cells from the ligament (fibroblasts) and bone (osteoblasts) initiate interface regeneration. Specifically, these heterotypic cell interactions direct the fibrochondrogenic differentiation of interface-relevant cell populations, defined here as ligament fibroblasts and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). The objective of this study is to examine the effects of heterotypic cellular interactions on BMSC or fibroblast growth and biosynthesis, as well as expression of fibrocartilage-relevant markers in tri-culture. The effects of cell-cell physical contact and paracrine interactions between fibroblasts and osteoblasts were also determined. It was found that, in tri-culture with fibroblasts and osteoblasts, BMSC exhibited greater fibrochondrogenic potential than ligament fibroblasts. The growth of BMSC decreased while proteoglycan production and TGF-β3 expression increased. Moreover, tri-culture regulated BMSC response via paracrine factors, and interestingly, fibroblast-osteoblast contact further promoted proteoglycan and TGF-β1 synthesis as well as induced SOX9 expression in BMSC. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that fibroblast-osteoblast interactions play an important role in regulating the stem cell niche for fibrocartilage regeneration, and the mechanisms of these interactions are directed by paracrine factors and augmented with direct cell-cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ning E. Wang
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
| | - Danielle R. Bogdanowicz
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
| | - Siddarth Mitroo
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
| | - Jing Shan
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
| | - Sonam Kala
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
| | - Helen H. Lu
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027
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Fernández-Pernas P, Fafián-Labora J, Lesende-Rodriguez I, Mateos J, De la Fuente A, Fuentes I, De Toro Santos J, Blanco García F, Arufe MC. 3, 3', 5-triiodo-L-thyronine Increases In Vitro Chondrogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Human Umbilical Cord Stroma Through SRC2. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2097-108. [PMID: 26869487 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our group focuses on the study of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human umbilical cord stroma or Warthońs jelly and their directed differentiation toward chondrocyte-like cells capable of regenerating damaged cartilage when transplanted into an injured joint. This study aimed to determine whether lactogenic hormone prolactin (PRL) or 3, 3', 5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), the active thyroid hormone, modulates chondrogenesis in our in vitro model of directed chondrogenic differentiation, and whether Wnt signalling is involved in this modulation. MSCs from human umbilical cord stroma underwent directed differentiation toward chondrocyte-like cells by spheroid formation. The addition of T3 to the chondrogenic medium increased the expression of genes linked to chondrogenesis like collagen type 2, integrin alpha 10 beta 1, and Sox9 measured by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Levels of collagen type 2 and aggrecane analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and staining by Safranin O were increased after 14 days in spheroid culture with T3 compared to those without T3 or only with PRL. B-catenin, Frizzled, and GSK-3β gene expressions were significantly higher in spheroids cultured with chondrogenic medium (CM) plus T3 compared to CM alone after 14 days in culture. The increase of chondrogenic differentiation was inhibited when the cells were treated with T3 plus ML151, an inhibitor of the T3 steroid receptor. This work demonstrates, for first time, that T3 promotes differentiation towards chondrocytes-like cells in our in vitro model, that this differentiation is mediated by steroid receptor co-activator 2 (SRC2) and does not induce hypertrophy. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2097-2108, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fernández-Pernas
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan Fafián-Labora
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Iván Lesende-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jesús Mateos
- Grupo de Proteómica-PBR2-ProteoRed/ISCIII-Servicio de Reumatologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, España
| | - Alexandre De la Fuente
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Isaac Fuentes
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier De Toro Santos
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Fco Blanco García
- Grupo de Proteómica-PBR2-ProteoRed/ISCIII-Servicio de Reumatologia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, España
| | - María C Arufe
- Grupo de Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa (TCMR-CHUAC), CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Servicio de Reumatología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina, Facultade de Oza, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), As Xubias, 15006, A Coruña, Spain
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Quantitative study on morphology of calcified cartilage zone in OARSI 0∼4 cartilage from osteoarthritic knees. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 64:149-154. [PMID: 27765275 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the morphological feature of calcified cartilage zone (CCZ) in mild to moderate degeneration of cartilages from patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), revealing the pattern of CCZ during OA progression and its correlation to the surrounding structures. METHODS Osteochondral specimens were collected from the center of the lateral tibial plateau of 42 OA patients undergoing total knee replacement. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Safranin-O/Fast green. Morphological parameters (thickness of CCZ, hyaline cartilage, and subchondral bone, roughness of tidemark and cement line, number of tidemarks and chondrocytes in CCZ, area and number of vascular channels in CCZ) of OARSI grades 0∼4 cartilages were measured. RESULTS The thickness of CCZ increased with grading except in grade 2. This changing trend of CCZ was in accordance with chondrocyte number and area of vascular channel. The roughness of cement lines increased with the grading, and was correlated with the thickness of subchondral bone. The roughness of tidemarks was associated with thickness of hyaline cartilage in grade 0 to grade 3. CONCLUSIONS In mild OA, the thickness of CCZ was increased at first and then decreased, the roughness of tidemark and cement line was nearly unchanged, which suggests that the pathological change of CCZ is reversible. However, in moderate OA, the thickness of CCZ, the roughness of tidemark and cement line were progressively increased, which suggests that the pathological change of CCZ is irreversible.
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Abstract
The skeleton is an exquisitely sensitive and archetypal T3-target tissue that demonstrates the critical role for thyroid hormones during development, linear growth, and adult bone turnover and maintenance. Thyrotoxicosis is an established cause of secondary osteoporosis, and abnormal thyroid hormone signaling has recently been identified as a novel risk factor for osteoarthritis. Skeletal phenotypes in genetically modified mice have faithfully reproduced genetic disorders in humans, revealing the complex physiological relationship between centrally regulated thyroid status and the peripheral actions of thyroid hormones. Studies in mutant mice also established the paradigm that T3 exerts anabolic actions during growth and catabolic effects on adult bone. Thus, the skeleton represents an ideal physiological system in which to characterize thyroid hormone transport, metabolism, and action during development and adulthood and in response to injury. Future analysis of T3 action in individual skeletal cell lineages will provide new insights into cell-specific molecular mechanisms and may ultimately identify novel therapeutic targets for chronic degenerative diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Duncan Bassett
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Fischer J, Ortel M, Hagmann S, Hoeflich A, Richter W. Role of PTHrP(1-34) Pulse Frequency Versus Pulse Duration to Enhance Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Chondrogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2673-81. [PMID: 27548511 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Generation of phenotypically stable, articular chondrocytes from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is still an unaccomplished task, with formation of abundant, hyaline extracellular matrix, and avoidance of hypertrophy being prime challenges. We recently demonstrated that parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a promising factor to direct chondrogenesis of MSCs towards an articular phenotype, since intermittent PTHrP application stimulated cartilage matrix production and reduced undesired hypertrophy. We here investigated the role of frequency, pulse duration, total exposure time, and underlying mechanisms in order to unlock the full potential of PTHrP actions. Human MSC subjected to in vitro chondrogenesis for six weeks were exposed to 2.5 nM PTHrP(1-34) pulses from days 7 to 42. Application frequency was increased from three times weekly (3 × 6 h/week) to daily maintaining either the duration of individual pulses (6 h/day) or total exposure time (18 h/week; 2.6 h/day). Daily PTHrP treatment significantly increased extracellular matrix deposition regardless of pulse duration and suppressed alkaline-phosphatase activity by 87%. High total exposure time significantly reduced cell proliferation at day 14. Pulse duration was critically important to significantly reduce IHH expression, but irrelevant for PTHrP-induced suppression of the hypertrophic markers MEF2C and IBSP. COL10A1, RUNX2, and MMP13 expression remained unaltered. Decreased IGFBP-2, -3, and -6 expression suggested modulated IGF-I availability in PTHrP groups, while drop of SOX9 protein levels during the PTHrP-pulse may delay chondroblast formation and hypertrophy. Overall, the significantly optimized timing of PTHrP-pulses demonstrated a vast potential to enhance chondrogenesis of MSC and suppress hypertrophy possibly via superior balancing of IGF- and SOX9-related mechanisms. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2673-2681, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fischer
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlen Ortel
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastien Hagmann
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute for Genome Biology, Leibnitz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Yang KC, Chen HT, Wu CC, Lian YJ, Chen LL, Sumi S, Huang TL. l -glutamine regulates the expression of matrix proteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines and catabolic enzymes in interleukin-1beta-stimulated human chondrocytes. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhong L, Huang X, Karperien M, Post JN. The Regulatory Role of Signaling Crosstalk in Hypertrophy of MSCs and Human Articular Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19225-47. [PMID: 26287176 PMCID: PMC4581295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes is a main barrier in application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for cartilage repair. In addition, hypertrophy occurs occasionally in osteoarthritis (OA). Here we provide a comprehensive review on recent literature describing signal pathways in the hypertrophy of MSCs-derived in vitro differentiated chondrocytes and chondrocytes, with an emphasis on the crosstalk between these pathways. Insight into the exact regulation of hypertrophy by the signaling network is necessary for the efficient application of MSCs for articular cartilage repair and for developing novel strategies for curing OA. We focus on articles describing the role of the main signaling pathways in regulating chondrocyte hypertrophy-like changes. Most studies report hypertrophic differentiation in chondrogenesis of MSCs, in both human OA and experimental OA. Chondrocyte hypertrophy is not under the strict control of a single pathway but appears to be regulated by an intricately regulated network of multiple signaling pathways, such as WNT, Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), Indian hedgehog (IHH), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Insulin like growth factor (IGF) and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). This comprehensive review describes how this intricate signaling network influences tissue-engineering applications of MSCs in articular cartilage (AC) repair, and improves understanding of the disease stages and cellular responses within an OA articular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhong
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
| | - Janine N Post
- Developmental BioEngineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
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Lee WD, Hurtig MB, Pilliar RM, Stanford WL, Kandel RA. Engineering of hyaline cartilage with a calcified zone using bone marrow stromal cells. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1307-15. [PMID: 25891750 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In healthy joints, a zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC) provides the mechanical integration between articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Recapitulation of this architectural feature should serve to resist the constant shear force from the movement of the joint and prevent the delamination of tissue-engineered cartilage. Previous approaches to create the ZCC at the cartilage-substrate interface have relied on strategic use of exogenous scaffolds and adhesives, which are susceptible to failure by degradation and wear. In contrast, we report a successful scaffold-free engineering of ZCC to integrate tissue-engineered cartilage and a porous biodegradable bone substitute, using sheep bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as the cell source for both cartilaginous zones. DESIGN BMSCs were predifferentiated to chondrocytes, harvested and then grown on a porous calcium polyphosphate substrate in the presence of triiodothyronine (T3). T3 was withdrawn, and additional predifferentiated chondrocytes were placed on top of the construct and grown for 21 days. RESULTS This protocol yielded two distinct zones: hyaline cartilage that accumulated proteoglycans and collagen type II, and calcified cartilage adjacent to the substrate that additionally accumulated mineral and collagen type X. Constructs with the calcified interface had comparable compressive strength to native sheep osteochondral tissue and higher interfacial shear strength compared to control without a calcified zone. CONCLUSION This protocol improves on the existing scaffold-free approaches to cartilage tissue engineering by incorporating a calcified zone. Since this protocol employs no xenogeneic material, it will be appropriate for use in preclinical large-animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Lee
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - M B Hurtig
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 McGilvray Street, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R M Pilliar
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - W L Stanford
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 511, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Road, Box 511, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - R A Kandel
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600 University Ave., Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.
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Breidenbach AP, Aschbacher‐Smith L, Lu Y, Dyment NA, Liu C, Liu H, Wylie C, Rao M, Shearn JT, Rowe DW, Kadler KE, Jiang R, Butler DL. Ablating hedgehog signaling in tenocytes during development impairs biomechanics and matrix organization of the adult murine patellar tendon enthesis. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:1142-51. [PMID: 25807894 PMCID: PMC4706742 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Restoring the native structure of the tendon enthesis, where collagen fibers of the midsubstance are integrated within a fibrocartilaginous structure, is problematic following injury. As current surgical methods fail to restore this region adequately, engineers, biologists, and clinicians are working to understand how this structure forms as a prerequisite to improving repair outcomes. We recently reported on the role of Indian hedgehog (Ihh), a novel enthesis marker, in regulating early postnatal enthesis formation. Here, we investigate how inactivating the Hh pathway in tendon cells affects adult (12-week) murine patellar tendon (PT) enthesis mechanics, fibrocartilage morphology, and collagen fiber organization. We show that ablating Hh signaling resulted in greater than 100% increased failure insertion strain (0.10 v. 0.05 mm/mm, p<0.01) as well as sub-failure biomechanical deficiencies. Although collagen fiber orientation appears overtly normal in the midsubstance, ablating Hh signaling reduces mineralized fibrocartilage by 32%, leading to less collagen embedded within mineralized tissue. Ablating Hh signaling also caused collagen fibers to coalesce at the insertion, which may explain in part the increased strains. These results indicate that Ihh signaling plays a critical role in the mineralization process of fibrocartilaginous entheses and may be a novel therapeutic to promote tendon-to-bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Breidenbach
- Department of BiomedicalBiomedical Engineering ProgramChemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio
| | | | - Yinhui Lu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Nathaniel A. Dyment
- Department of Reconstructive SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut
| | - Chia‐Feng Liu
- Department of Cellular & Molecular MedicineCleveland Clinic Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOhio
| | - Han Liu
- Division of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Chris Wylie
- Division of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - Marepalli Rao
- Department of BiomedicalBiomedical Engineering ProgramChemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio
| | - Jason T. Shearn
- Department of BiomedicalBiomedical Engineering ProgramChemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio
| | - David W. Rowe
- Department of Reconstructive SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonConnecticut
| | - Karl E. Kadler
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix ResearchFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Rulang Jiang
- Division of Developmental BiologyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOhio
| | - David L. Butler
- Department of BiomedicalBiomedical Engineering ProgramChemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhio
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de Koning D, Damen E, Nieuwland M, van Grevenhof E, Hazeleger W, Kemp B, Parmentier H. Association of natural (auto-) antibodies in young gilts with osteochondrosis at slaughter. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lee JK, Gegg CA, Hu JC, Reddi AH, Athanasiou KA. Thyroid hormones enhance the biomechanical functionality of scaffold-free neocartilage. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:28. [PMID: 25884593 PMCID: PMC4355350 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of thyroid hormones tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands, known to regulate the developing limb and growth plate, on articular cartilage tissue regeneration using a scaffold-free in vitro model. Methods In Phase 1, T3, T4, or PTH was applied during weeks 1 or 3 of a 4-week neocartilage culture. Phase 2 employed T3 during week 1, followed by PTH during week 2, 3, or weeks 2 to 4, to further enhance tissue properties. Resultant neotissues were evaluated biochemically, mechanically, and histologically. Results In Phase 1, T3 and T4 treatment during week 1 resulted in significantly enhanced collagen production; 1.4- and 1.3-times untreated neocartilage. Compressive and tensile properties were also significantly increased, as compared to untreated and PTH groups. PTH treatment did not result in notable tissue changes. As T3 induces hypertrophy, in Phase 2, PTH (known to suppress hypertrophy) was applied sequentially after T3. Excitingly, sequential treatment with T3 and PTH reduced expression of hypertrophic marker collagen X, while yielding neocartilage with significantly enhanced functional properties. Specifically, in comparison to no hormone application, these hormones increased compressive and tensile moduli 4.0-fold and 3.1-fold, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrated that T3, together with PTH, when applied in a scaffold-free model of cartilage formation, significantly enhanced functional properties. The novel use of these thyroid hormones generates mechanically robust neocartilage via the use of a scaffold-free tissue engineering model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0541-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Courtney A Gegg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Jerry C Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - A Hari Reddi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Kyriacos A Athanasiou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Engineering complex orthopaedic tissues via strategic biomimicry. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:697-717. [PMID: 25465616 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The primary current challenge in regenerative engineering resides in the simultaneous formation of more than one type of tissue, as well as their functional assembly into complex tissues or organ systems. Tissue-tissue synchrony is especially important in the musculoskeletal system, wherein overall organ function is enabled by the seamless integration of bone with soft tissues such as ligament, tendon, or cartilage, as well as the integration of muscle with tendon. Therefore, in lieu of a traditional single-tissue system (e.g., bone, ligament), composite tissue scaffold designs for the regeneration of functional connective tissue units (e.g., bone-ligament-bone) are being actively investigated. Closely related is the effort to re-establish tissue-tissue interfaces, which is essential for joining these tissue building blocks and facilitating host integration. Much of the research at the forefront of the field has centered on bioinspired stratified or gradient scaffold designs which aim to recapitulate the structural and compositional inhomogeneity inherent across distinct tissue regions. As such, given the complexity of these musculoskeletal tissue units, the key question is how to identify the most relevant parameters for recapitulating the native structure-function relationships in the scaffold design. Therefore, the focus of this review, in addition to presenting the state-of-the-art in complex scaffold design, is to explore how strategic biomimicry can be applied in engineering tissue connectivity. The objective of strategic biomimicry is to avoid over-engineering by establishing what needs to be learned from nature and defining the essential matrix characteristics that must be reproduced in scaffold design. Application of this engineering strategy for the regeneration of the most common musculoskeletal tissue units (e.g., bone-ligament-bone, muscle-tendon-bone, cartilage-bone) will be discussed in this review. It is anticipated that these exciting efforts will enable integrative and functional repair of soft tissue injuries, and moreover, lay the foundation for the development of composite tissue systems and ultimately, total limb or joint regeneration.
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Fischer J, Aulmann A, Dexheimer V, Grossner T, Richter W. Intermittent PTHrP(1-34) exposure augments chondrogenesis and reduces hypertrophy of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2513-23. [PMID: 24836507 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotype instability and premature hypertrophy prevent the use of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for cartilage regeneration. Aim of this study was to investigate whether intermittent supplementation of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), as opposed to constant treatment, can beneficially influence MSC chondrogenesis and to explore molecular mechanisms below catabolic and anabolic responses. Human MSCs subjected to chondrogenic induction in high-density culture received PTHrP(1-34), forskolin, dbcAMP, or PTHrP(7-34) either constantly or via 6-h pulses (three times weekly), before proteoglycan, collagen type II, and X deposition; gene expression; and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed. While constant application of PTHrP(1-34) suppressed chondrogenesis of MSCs, pulsed application significantly increased collagen type 2 (COL2A1) gene expression and the collagen type II, proteoglycan, and DNA content of pellets after 6 weeks. Collagen type 10 (COL10A1) gene expression was little affected but Indian hedgehog (IHH) expression and ALP activity were significantly downregulated by pulsed PTHrP. A faster response to PTHrP exposure was recorded for ALP activity over COL2A1 regulation, suggesting that signal duration is critical for catabolic versus anabolic reactions. Stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling by forskolin reproduced major effects of both treatment modes, whereas application of PTHrP(7-34) capable of protein kinase C (PKC) signaling was ineffective. Pulsed PTHrP exposure of MSCs stimulated chondrogenesis and reduced endochondral differentiation apparently uncoupling chondrogenic matrix deposition from hypertrophic marker expression. cAMP/PKA was the major signaling pathway triggering the opposing effects of both treatment modes. Intermittent application of PTHrP represents an important novel means to improve chondrogenesis of MSCs and may be considered as a supporting clinical-treatment mode for MSC-based cartilage defect regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fischer
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg, Germany
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Fibroblast-like synoviocytes induce calcium mineral formation and deposition. ARTHRITIS 2014; 2014:812678. [PMID: 24963403 PMCID: PMC4054973 DOI: 10.1155/2014/812678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Calcium crystals are present in the synovial fluid of 65%–100% patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 20%–39% patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study sought to investigate the role of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in calcium mineral formation. We found that numerous genes classified in the biomineral formation process, including bone gamma-carboxyglutamate (gla) protein/osteocalcin, runt-related transcription factor 2, ankylosis progressive homolog, and parathyroid hormone-like hormone, were differentially expressed in the OA and RA FLSs. Calcium deposits were detected in FLSs cultured in regular medium in the presence of ATP and FLSs cultured in chondrogenesis medium in the absence of ATP. More calcium minerals were deposited in the cultures of OA FLSs than in the cultures of RA FLSs. Examination of the micromass stained with nonaqueous alcoholic eosin indicated the presence of birefringent crystals. Phosphocitrate inhibited the OA FLSs-mediated calcium mineral deposition. These findings together suggest that OA FLSs are not passive bystanders but are active players in the pathological calcification process occurring in OA and that potential calcification stimuli for OA FLSs-mediated calcium deposition include ATP and certain unidentified differentiation-inducing factor(s). The OA FLSs-mediated pathological calcification process is a valid target for the development of disease-modifying drug for OA therapy.
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Pesesse L, Sanchez C, Walsh DA, Delcour JP, Baudouin C, Msika P, Henrotin Y. Bone sialoprotein as a potential key factor implicated in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:547-56. [PMID: 24530278 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously identified an association between bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocyte hypertrophy but the precise role of BSP in ostearthritis (OA) has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to confirm the association between BSP and OA chondrocyte hypertrophy, to define its effect on molecules produced by chondrocytes and to analyse its association with cartilage degradation and vascular density at the osteochondral junction. METHOD Human OA chondrocytes were cultivated in order to increase hypertrophic differentiation. The effect of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), interleukin (IL)-1β or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α on BSP was analysed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. The effects of BSP on OA chondrocytes production of inflammatory response mediators (IL-6, nitric oxide), major matrix molecule (aggrecan), matrix metalloprotease-3 and angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, IL-8, and thrombospondin-1) were investigated. BSP was detected by immunohistochemistry and was associated with cartilage lesions severity and vascular density. RESULTS PTHrP significantly decreased BSP, confirming its association with chondrocyte hypertrophy. In presence of IL-1β, BSP stimulated IL-8 synthesis, a pro-angiogenic cytokine but decreased the production of TSP-1, an angiogenesis inhibitor. The presence of BSP-immunoreactive chondrocytes in cartilage was associated with the severity of histological cartilage lesions and with vascular density at the osteochondral junction. CONCLUSION This study supports the implication of BSP in the pathology of OA and suggests that it could be a key mediator of the hypertrophic chondrocytes-induced angiogenesis. To control chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation is promising in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pesesse
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
| | - C Sanchez
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
| | - D A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - J-P Delcour
- Bois de l'Abbaye Hospital, Seraing, Belgium.
| | - C Baudouin
- Expanscience Laboratories, IRD Direction, Epernon, France.
| | - P Msika
- Expanscience Laboratories, IRD Direction, Epernon, France.
| | - Y Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium; Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Bogdanowicz
- Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Insights from human genetic studies into the pathways involved in osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2013; 9:573-83. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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