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Xu L, Zhang Y, Yu J, Huo W, Xu J, Yang H, Zhang M, Yu S, Wu Y, Wang M. miR-708-5p deficiency involves the degeneration of mandibular condylar chondrocytes via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:666-679. [PMID: 38403153 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ageing and aberrant biomechanical stimulation are two major risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). One of the main characteristics of aged cartilage is cellular senescence. One of the main characteristics of osteoarthritic joints is cartilage degeneration. The cells in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cartilage are zonally arranged. The deep zone cells are differentiated from the superficial zone cells (SZCs). The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether degenerative shear stress (SS) stimulates the senescence programme in TMJ SZCs, and to determine which miRNA is involved in this process. METHOD SZCs were isolated from the TMJ condyles of 3-week-old rats and treated with continuous passaging or SS. RNA sequencing was conducted to identify miRNA(s) that overlap with those involved in the replication senescence process and the SS-induced degeneration programme. Unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC), which is TMJ-OA inducible, was applied to 2-month-old and 12-month-old mice for 3 weeks. The effect of TMJ local injection of agomiR-708-5p was evaluated histologically. RESULTS Both replication and SS treatment induced SZC senescence. miR-708-5p was identified. Knocking down miR-708-5p in SS-treated SZCs led to more severe senescence by alleviating the inhibitory impact of miR-708-5p on the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. miR-708-5p expression in mouse TMJ cartilage decreased with age. UAC induced more severe osteoarthritic cartilage lesions in 12-month-old mice than in 2-month-old mice. Injection of agomiR-708-5p suppressed UAC-induced osteoarthritic cartilage lesions. CONCLUSIONS Age-related miR-708-5p deficiency is involved in the mechanically stimulated OA process. Intra-articular administration of agomiR-708-5p is a promising new strategy for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Xu
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, College of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China
| | - Yuejiao Zhang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, College of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China
| | - Wanqiu Huo
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, College of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, College of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxu Yang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, College of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, College of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China
| | - Shibing Yu
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, College of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China
| | - Yaoping Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meiqing Wang
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, College of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University. Xi'an, China; Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Juan Z, Xing-tong M, Xu Z, Chang-yi L. Potential pathological and molecular mechanisms of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:959-971. [PMID: 37404608 PMCID: PMC10316511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a progressive degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The unclear etiology and mechanisms of TMJ OA bring great difficulties to early diagnosis and effective treatment, causing enormous burdens to patients' life and social economics. In this narrative review, we summarized the main pathological changes of TMJ OA, including inflammatory responses, degeneration of extracellular matrix (ECM), abnormal cell biological behaviors (apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation) in TMJ tissue, and aberrant angiogenesis. All pathological features are closely linked to each other, forming a vicious cycle in the process of TMJ OA, which results in prolonged disease duration and makes it difficult to cure. Various molecules and signaling pathways are involved in TMJ OA pathogenesis, including nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERKs) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathways et al. One molecule or pathway can contribute to several pathological changes, and the crosstalk between different molecules and pathways can further lead to a complicated condition TMJ OA. TMJ OA has miscellaneous etiology, complex clinical status, depressed treatment results, and poor prognosis. Therefore, novel in-vivo and in-vitro models, novel medicine, materials, and approaches for therapeutic procedures might be helpful for further investigation of TMJ OA. Furthermore, the role of genetic factors in TMJ OA needs to be elucidated to establish more reasonable and effective clinical strategies for diagnosing and treating TMJ OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Juan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mu Xing-tong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhang Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
- Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Li Chang-yi
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
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Wu Z, Yang Z, Liu L, Xiao Y. Natural compounds protect against the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by mediating the NRF2/ARE signaling. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1188215. [PMID: 37324450 PMCID: PMC10266108 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1188215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic joint cartilage disease, is characterized by the imbalanced homeostasis between anabolism and catabolism. Oxidative stress contributes to inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and chondrocyte apoptosis and promotes the pathogenesis of OA. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a central regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis. Activation of the NRF2/ARE signaling may effectively suppress oxidative stress, attenuate ECM degradation, and inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis. Increasing evidence suggests that the NRF2/ARE signaling has become a potential target for the therapeutic management of OA. Natural compounds, such as polyphenols and terpenoids, have been explored to protect against OA cartilage degeneration by activating the NRF2/ARE pathway. Specifically, flavonoids may function as NRF2 activators and exhibit chondroprotective activity. In conclusion, natural compounds provide rich resources to explore the therapeutic management of OA by activating NRF2/ARE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Zhouxin Yang
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Luying Liu
- First Clinical Medical College of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Xiaoyong Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinic in Yudu, Ganzhou, China
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Hodgkinson T, Amado IN, O'Brien FJ, Kennedy OD. The role of mechanobiology in bone and cartilage model systems in characterizing initiation and progression of osteoarthritis. APL Bioeng 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0068277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hodgkinson
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabel N. Amado
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O'Brien
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oran D. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Liu Q, Wang R, Hou S, He F, Ma Y, Ye T, Yu S, Chen H, Wang H, Zhang M. Chondrocyte-derived exosomes promote cartilage calcification in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:44. [PMID: 35164837 PMCID: PMC8842872 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Abnormal cartilage calcification is one of the pathological changes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA). Recent studies have reported that exosomes can regulate the formation of abnormal calcified nodules in diseases including atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. However, the influences of chondrocyte-derived exosomes on abnormal cartilage calcification in TMJ OA are still unclear. METHODS TMJ OA was induced by unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) for 4, 8, or 12 weeks in rats to observe abnormal calcification in TMJ condylar cartilage and exosome formation. Concomitantly, GW4869, the inhibitor of exosome formation, was locally injected to the TMJ of rats under stimulation of UAC, while the exosomes extracted from primary condylar chondrocytes stimulated with fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) were locally injected to rats TMJ. RESULTS Abnormal calcification was enhanced in the degenerative cartilage of TMJ OA in UAC rats, and a large number of exosome-like structures with diameters of 50-150 nm were found in the calcified cartilage together with decreased expression of matrix Gla protein (MGP) and increased expression of CD63, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1). After FFSS stimulation, the number of exosomes secreted by chondrocytes and the numbers of calcified nodules were increased in cultured cells, and the protein levels of MGP, TNAP, and NPP1 in exosomes were changed. Inhibition of exosome formation, TNAP, and NPP1 or supplementation with exogenous MGP effectively alleviated FFSS-induced chondrocyte calcification. Local injection of GW4869, the exosome inhibitor, alleviated TMJ OA-related cartilage degeneration and calcification in UAC rats. Local injection of exosomes obtained from chondrocytes stimulated by FFSS to the TMJs of normal rats induced cartilage degeneration and calcification similar to that in TMJ OA. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal biomechanical loading leads to enhanced formation of chondrocyte-derived exosomes, in which promoters of calcification increased and inhibitors decreased, resulting in accelerating abnormal cartilage calcification in TMJ OA. The inhibition of degenerative chondrocyte-derived exosomes is expected to be a new way to prevent and treat TMJ OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruoxin Wang
- Class 1, Grade 2018, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shujie Hou
- School of Basic Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Health Center of 73630 Unit of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Fuzhou, China
| | - Helin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Medical Rehabilitation, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Lu K, Ma F, Yi D, Yu H, Tong L, Chen D. Molecular signaling in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. J Orthop Translat 2022; 32:21-27. [PMID: 35591935 PMCID: PMC9072795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of TMJ disorders with clinical symptoms of pain, movement limitation, cartilage degeneration and joint dysfunction. This review article is aiming to summarize recent findings on signaling pathways involved in TMJ OA development and progression. Methods Most recent findings in TMJ OA studies have been reviewed and cited. Results TMJ OA is caused by inflammation, abnormal mechanical loading and genetic abnormalities. The molecular mechanisms related to TMJ OA have been determined using different genetic mouse models. Recent studies demonstrated that several signaling pathways are involved in TMJ OA pathology, including Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and BMP, Indian Hedgehog, FGF, NF-κB, and Notch pathways, which are summarized in this review article. Alterations of these signaling pathways lead to the pathological changes in TMJ tissues, affecting cartilage matrix degradation, catabolic metabolism and chondrocyte apoptosis. Conclusion Multiple signaling pathways were involved in the pathological process of TMJ OA. New therapeutic strategies, such as stem cell application, gene editing and other techniques may be utilized for TMJ OA treatment. The translational potential of this article TMJ OA is a most important subtype of TMJ disorders and may lead to substantial joint pain, dysfunction, dental malocclusion, and reduced health-related quality of life. This review article summarized current findings of signaling pathways involved in TMJ OA, including Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and BMP, Indian Hedgehog, FGF, NF-κB, and Notch pathways, to better understand the pathological mechanisms of TMJ OA and define the molecular targets for TMJ OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Feng Ma
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) UMR_S 1166, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpétrière, Sorbonne University, 91, bd de l’Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Dan Yi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liping Tong
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Di Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Corresponding author. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China.
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7
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Mechanosignalling in cartilage: an emerging target for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 18:67-84. [PMID: 34934171 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli have fundamental roles in articular cartilage during health and disease. Chondrocytes respond to the physical properties of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) and the mechanical forces exerted on them during joint loading. In osteoarthritis (OA), catabolic processes degrade the functional ECM and the composition and viscoelastic properties of the ECM produced by chondrocytes are altered. The abnormal loading environment created by these alterations propagates cell dysfunction and inflammation. Chondrocytes sense their physical environment via an array of mechanosensitive receptors and channels that activate a complex network of downstream signalling pathways to regulate several cell processes central to OA pathology. Advances in understanding the complex roles of specific mechanosignalling mechanisms in healthy and OA cartilage have highlighted molecular processes that can be therapeutically targeted to interrupt pathological feedback loops. The potential for combining these mechanosignalling targets with the rapidly expanding field of smart mechanoresponsive biomaterials and delivery systems is an emerging paradigm in OA treatment. The continued advances in this field have the potential to enable restoration of healthy mechanical microenvironments and signalling through the development of precision therapeutics, mechanoregulated biomaterials and drug systems in the near future.
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Duan J, Zhang J, Yang H, Liu Q, Xie M, Zhang M, Chu Y, Zhou P, Yu S, Chen C, Wang M. Mineral deposition intervention through reduction of phosphorus intake suppresses osteoarthritic lesions in temporomandibular joint. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1370-1381. [PMID: 34126199 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the suppressing impact of low phosphorus intake on osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint and the possible mechanisms of nuclear acid injury in the insulted chondrocytes. DESIGN Chondrocytes were loaded with fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) with or without low phosphorus medium. Seventy-two mice (sampled at 3-, 7- and 11-wk, n = 6) and forty-eight rats (sampled at 12-wks for different testing purpose, n = 6) were applied with unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) with or without low phosphorus diet. In the FFSS model, the Ca and P content, molecules related to nucleic acid degradation and the mineral-producing responses in chondrocytes were detected. The effect of culture dish stiffness on chondrocytes osteogenic differentiation was measured. In the UAC model, the content of Ca and P in serum were tested. The condylar cartilage ossification and stiffness were detected using micro-CT, scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. RESULTS FFSS induced nucleic acid degradation, Pi accumulation and mineral-producing responses in the cultured chondrocytes, all were alleviated by low P medium. Stiffer dish bottoms promoted the osteogenic differentiation of the cultured chondrocytes. UAC stimulated cartilage degeneration and chondrocytes nucleic acid damage, increased PARP 1 and serum P content, and enhanced ossification and stiffening of the cartilage, all were suppressed by low phosphorus diet (all, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Nucleic acid damage takes a role in phosphorus production in osteoarthritic cartilage, contributing to the enhanced mineralization and stiffness of the cartilage that in turn promotes cartilage degradation, which can be alleviated by low phosphorus intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - H Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - M Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - M Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Y Chu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, China
| | - P Zhou
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, No. 72, Xiang Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - S Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - C Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - M Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Liu Q, Yang H, Zhang M, Zhang J, Lu L, Yu S, Wu Y, Wang M. Initiation and progression of dental-stimulated temporomandibular joints osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:633-642. [PMID: 33422706 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a site that is often impacted by osteoarthritis (OA), is biomechanically linked with dental occlusion. Tissue responses in TMJ condyle to biomechanical stimulation could be investigated by intervention of the dental occlusion in animals. Unilateral anterior crossbite, an experimental malocclusion, has been demonstrated to induce TMJ-OA lesions, showing primarily as enhanced cartilage calcification and subchondral cortical bone formation at the osteochondral interface, causing the osteochondral interface thickening and stiffening. The changed interface would worsen the local biomechanical environment. At the cartilage side, the matrix degenerates. In the case of insufficient restoration of the matrix, the cells in the deep zone flow into the ones undergoing autophagy, apoptosis, and terminal differentiation while the cells in the superficial zone are promoted to differentiate to supply the loss of the deep zone cells. At the meantime, the bone marrow stromal cells are stimulated to bone formation in the subchondral cortical region which is uncoupled with the sites of the osteoclast-mediated resorption process that is predominantly observed at the subchondral trabecular bone region. Overall, the thickening and stiffening osteochondral interface, due greatly to the enhanced endochondral ossification in deep zone cartilage, should be a central pathological process that links with cartilage decay and subchondral bone remodelling in OA joints. The residual chondrocytes locating in the cartilage superficial zone have the progenitor-like qualities that can proliferate, and also differentiate into the deep zone chondrocytes, thus should be critical in progression and rehabilitation of TMJ-OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shananxi, China
| | - H Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shananxi, China
| | - M Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shananxi, China
| | - J Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shananxi, China
| | - L Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shananxi, China
| | - S Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shananxi, China
| | - Y Wu
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shananxi, China
| | - M Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology of State and the National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and Clinic of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders and Oral and Maxillofacial Pain, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shananxi, China.
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Cai L, Liu W, Cui Y, Liu Y, Du W, Zheng L, Pi C, Zhang D, Xie J, Zhou X. Biomaterial Stiffness Guides Cross-talk between Chondrocytes: Implications for a Novel Cellular Response in Cartilage Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4476-4489. [PMID: 33455172 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The exquisite cartilage architecture maintains an orderly dynamic equilibrium as a result of the interplay between chondrocyte functions and the unique extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Numerous studies have demonstrated that extracellular cues, including topological, mechanical, and biochemical properties of the underlying substrates, dictate the chondrocyte behaviors. Consequently, developing advanced biomaterials with the desired characteristics which could achieve the biointerface between cells and the surrounded matrix close to the physiological conditions becomes a great hotspot in bioengineering. However, how the substrate stiffness influences the intercellular communication among chondrocytes is still poorly reported. We used polydimethylsiloxane with varied stiffnesses as a cell culture substrate to elucidate a novel cell-to-cell communication in a collective of chondrocytes. First, morphological images collected using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the tunable substrate stiffnesses directed the changes in intercellular links among chondrocytes. Next, fibronectin, which played a vital role in the connection of ECM components or linkage of ECM to chondrocytes, was shown to be gathered along cell-cell contact areas and was changed with the tunable substrate stiffnesses. Furthermore, transmembrane junctional proteins including connexin 43 (Cx43) and pannexin 1 (Panx1), which are responsible for gap junction formation in cell-to-cell communication, were mediated by the tunable substrate stiffnesses. Finally, through a scrape loading/dye transfer assay, we revealed cell-to-cell communication changes in a living chondrocyte population in response to the tunable substrate stiffnesses via cell-to-cell fluorescent molecule transport. Taken together, this novel cell-to-cell communication regulated by biomaterial stiffness could help us to increase the understanding of cell behaviors under biomechanical control and may ultimately lead to refining cell-based cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Caixia Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Jarvis SE, Lee JE, Jewlal E, Barr K, Kelly GM, Laird DW, Willmore KE. Effects of reduced connexin43 function on skull development in the Cx43 I130T/+ mutant mouse that models oculodentodigital dysplasia. Bone 2020; 136:115365. [PMID: 32320893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) is a disease caused by mutations in the GJA1 gene that encodes the gap-junctional protein connexin43 (Cx43). ODDD affects multiple organs, but craniofacial anomalies are typical. However, details on the timing of phenotypic presentation of these abnormalities and their correspondence with potential cellular changes are incomplete. Here, we perform the first assessment of the development of the ODDD craniofacial phenotype in the Cx43I130T/+ mouse model and show that the phenotypic features commonly found in patients with the disorder arise in mice between E17.5 and birth and become more profound with age. Using mice heterozygous for the I130T mutation of Gja1, we provide a detailed analysis of the craniofacial phenotype in this ODDD model using shape analyses based on micro-CT images. Results show that in addition to differences in facial bone morphology, there are significant shape differences in the cranial base. Mutant mice display delayed ossification at E17.5 and birth, particularly in bones of the face and cranial vault but ossification is normal at three months. Our immunohistochemical analyses of the palatine bone indicate that osteoblast differentiation is delayed in Cx43I130T/+ mice compared to their wildtype littermates, which likely contributes to the phenotypic variations observed in the facial bones. Our histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the synchondroses of the cranial base show no differences in molecular indicators of chondrocyte differentiation in mutant mice, suggesting that the differences to cranial base morphology displayed by Cx43I130T/+ mice are not due to differences in chondrocyte proliferation or differentiation. Together, our findings suggest that Cx43I130T/+ mice represent a surrogate model to not only inform about the craniofacial anomalies found in ODDD patients but also to show that reduced Cx43 function leads to phenotypic changes that are largely due to osteoblast defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sommer E Jarvis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Jewlal
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Kevin Barr
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gregory M Kelly
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Katherine E Willmore
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
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12
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Wang M, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Fang J. Mechanotransduction pathways in the regulation of cartilage chondrocyte homoeostasis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5408-5419. [PMID: 32237113 PMCID: PMC7214151 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress plays a critical role in cartilage development and homoeostasis. Chondrocytes are surrounded by a narrow pericellular matrix (PCM), which absorbs dynamic and static forces and transmits them to the chondrocyte surface. Recent studies have demonstrated that molecular components, including perlecan, collagen and hyaluronan, provide distinct physical properties for the PCM and maintain the essential microenvironment of chondrocytes. These physical signals are sensed by receptors and molecules located in the cell membrane, such as Ca2+ channels, the primary cilium and integrins, and a series of downstream molecular pathways are involved in mechanotransduction in cartilage. All mechanoreceptors convert outside signals into chemical and biological signals, which then regulate transcription in chondrocytes in response to mechanical stresses. This review highlights recent progress and focuses on the function of the PCM and cell surface molecules in chondrocyte mechanotransduction. Emerging understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate mechanotransduction will provide new insights into osteoarthritis pathogenesis and precision strategies that could be used in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Diseases and Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Yang H, Zhang M, Liu Q, Zhang H, Zhang J, Lu L, Xie M, Chen D, Wang M. Inhibition of Ihh Reverses Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis via a PTH1R Signaling Dependent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153797. [PMID: 31382618 PMCID: PMC6695690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which is biomechanically related to dental occlusion, is often insulted by osteoarthritis (OA). This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTH1R) signaling in modulating the enhanced chondrocyte terminal differentiation in dental stimulated TMJ osteoarthritic cartilage. A gain- and loss-of-function strategy was used in an in vitro model in which fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) was applied, and in an in vivo model in which the unilateral anterior cross-bite (UAC) stimulation was adopted. Ihh and PTH1R signaling was modulated through treating the isolated chondrocytes with inhibitor/activator and via deleting Smoothened (Smo) and/or Pth1r genes in mice with the promoter gene of type 2 collagen (Col2-CreER) in the tamoxifen-inducible pattern. We found that both FFSS and UAC stimulation promoted the deep zone chondrocytes to undergo terminal differentiation, while cells in the superficial zone were robust. We demonstrated that the terminal differentiation process in deep zone chondrocytes promoted by FFSS and UAC was mediated by the enhanced Ihh signaling and declined PTH1R expression. The FFSS-promoted terminal differentiation was suppressed by administration of the Ihh inhibitor or PTH1R activator. The UAC-promoted chondrocytes terminal differentiation and OA-like lesions were rescued in Smo knockout, but were enhanced in Pth1r knockout mice. Importantly, the relieving effect of Smo knockout mice was attenuated when Pth1r knockout was also applied. Our data suggest a chondrocyte protective effect of suppressing Ihh signaling in TMJ OA cartilage which is dependent on PTH1R signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Mianjiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Meiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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14
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Yang H, Wen Y, Zhang M, Liu Q, Zhang H, Zhang J, Lu L, Ye T, Bai X, Xiao G, Wang M. MTORC1 coordinates the autophagy and apoptosis signaling in articular chondrocytes in osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint. Autophagy 2019; 16:271-288. [PMID: 31007149 PMCID: PMC6984599 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1606647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A switch from autophagy to apoptosis is implicated in chondrocytes during the osteoarthritis (OA) progression with currently unknown mechanism(s). In this study we utilized a flow fluid shear stress (FFSS) model in cultured chondrocytes and a unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) animal model. We found that both FFSS and UAC actively induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) chondrocytes, as demonstrated by dramatic increases in expression of HSPA5, p-EIF2AK3, p-ERN1 and ATF6. Interestingly, both FFSS and UAC activated not only pro-death p-EIF2AK3-mediated ERS-apoptosis programs but also pro-survival p-ERN1-mediated autophagic flux in chondrocytes. Data from FFSS demonstrated that MTORC1, a downstream of p-ERN1, suppressed autophagy but promoted p-EIF2AK3 mediated ERS-apoptosis. Data from UAC model demonstrated that at early stage both the p-ERN1 and p-EIF2AK3 were activated and MTORC1 was inhibited in TMJ chondrocytes. At late stage, MTORC1-p-EIF2AK3-mediated ERS apoptosis were predominant, while p-ERN1 and autophagic flux were inhibited. Inhibition of MTORC1 by TMJ local injection of rapamycin in rats or inducible ablation of MTORC1 expression selectively in chondrocytes in mice promoted chondrocyte autophagy and suppressed apoptosis, and reduced TMJ cartilage loss induced by UAC. In contrast, MTORC1 activation by TMJ local administration of MHY1485 or genetic deletion of Tsc1, an upstream MTORC1 suppressor, resulted in opposite effects. Collectively, our results establish that aberrant mechanical loading causes cartilage degeneration by activating, at least in part, the MTORC1 signaling which modulates the autophagy and apoptosis programs in TMJ chondrocytes. Thus, inhibition of MTORC1 provides a novel therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of OA. Abbreviations : ACTB: actin beta; ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; BECN1: beclin 1; BFL: bafilomycin A1; CASP12: caspase 12; CASP3: caspase 3; DAPI: 4ʹ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DDIT3: DNA-damage inducible transcript 3; EIF2AK3/PERK: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERS: endoplasmic reticulum stress; ERN1/IRE1: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; FFSS: flow fluid shear stress; HSPA5/GRP78/BiP: heat shock protein 5; LAMP2: lysosome-associated membrane protein 2; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; OA: osteoarthritis; PRKAA1/2/AMPK1/2: protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1/2 catalytic subunit; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; Rapa: rapamycin; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TG: thapsigargin; TMJ: temporomandibular joints; TSC1/2: tuberous sclerosis complex 1/2; UAC: unilateral anterior crossbite; UPR: unfolded protein response; XBP1: x-box binding protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Zhang M, Yang H, Wan X, Lu L, Zhang J, Zhang H, Ye T, Liu Q, Xie M, Liu X, Yu S, Guo S, Chang W, Wang M. Prevention of Injury-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rodent Temporomandibular Joint by Targeting Chondrocyte CaSR. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:726-738. [PMID: 30496623 PMCID: PMC6482062 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic joint injuries produce osteoarthritic cartilage manifesting accelerated chondrocyte terminal differentiation and matrix degradation via unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms. Here we report the ability of biomechanical stress to increase expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a pivotal driver of chondrocyte terminal differentiation, in cultured chondrogenic cells subjected to fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) and in chondrocytes of rodent temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cartilage subjected to unilateral anterior cross-bite (UAC). In cultured ATDC5 cells or TMJ chondrocytes, FFSS induced Ca2+ loading and CaSR localization in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), casually accelerating cell differentiation that could be abrogated by emptying ER Ca2+ stores or CaSR knockdown. Likewise, acute chondrocyte-specific Casr knockout (KO) prevented the UAC-induced acceleration of chondrocyte terminal differentiation and matrix degradation in TMJ cartilage in mice. More importantly, local injections of CaSR antagonist, NPS2143, replicated the effects of Casr KO in preventing the development of osteoarthritic phenotypes in TMJ cartilage of the UAC-treated rats. Our study revealed a novel pathological action of CaSR in development of osteoarthritic cartilage due to aberrant mechanical stimuli and supports a therapeutic potential of calcilytics in preventing osteoarthritis in temporomandibular joints by targeting the CaSR. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianghong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mianjiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoxiong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Meiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Biomechanically stimulated chondrocytes promote osteoclastic bone resorption in the mandibular condyle. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 98:248-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Wang Q, Zhou C, Li X, Cai L, Zou J, Zhang D, Xie J, Lai W. TGF-β1 promotes gap junctions formation in chondrocytes via Smad3/Smad4 signalling. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12544. [PMID: 30444057 PMCID: PMC6495951 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Connexin‐mediated functional gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) has a vital role in development, homeostasis and pathology. Transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), as one of the most vital factors in chondrocytes, promotes cartilage precursor cell differentiation and chondrocyte proliferation, migration and metabolism. However, how TGF‐β1 mediates GJIC in chondrocytes remains unclear. This study aims to determine the influence of TGF‐β1 on GJIC in mouse chondrocytes and its underlying mechanism. Methods qPCR and mRNA microarray were used to verify the expression of genes in the TGF‐β and connexin families in cartilage and chondrocytes. A scrape loading/dye transfer assay was performed to explore GJIC. Western blot analysis was used to detect connexin43 (Cx43) and Smad signalling components. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to characterize protein distribution. Results The TGF‐β1 mRNA was the highest expressed member of the TGFβ super family in cartilage. TGF‐β1 promoted functional GJIC through increased expression of Cx43. TGF‐β1‐mediated GJIC required the participation of TGF‐β type I receptor. TGF‐β1 activated Smad3 and Smad4 signalling to facilitate their nuclear translocation. The Smad3 and Smad4 signalling proteins bound to the promoter of Gja1 and thus initiated Cx43 gene expression. Conclusions For the first time, these results revealed a vital role of TGF‐β1 in cell‐cell communication in chondrocytes via gap junction formation. We describe the regulatory mechanism, the involvement of TGF‐β type I receptor and the nuclear translocation of Smad3/4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Orthodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Orthodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Orthodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Orthodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Orthodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Orthodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Orthodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Orthodontics Department, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Liu Q, Yang HX, Wan XH, Zhang M, Zhang J, Lu L, Xie M, Ren HT, Yu SB, Liu XD, Wang M. Calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in occlusion-induced degenerative cartilage of rat mandibular condyle. J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:442-451. [PMID: 29603329 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Activated calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseII (CaMKII) is important to promote chondrocytes from proliferative to pre-hypertrophic state, which probably plays a role in osteoarthritis (OA), a widespread degeneration disease with enhanced aberrant chondrocyte differentiation. Our aim was to detect the role of CaMKII, and its relationship with the feedback loop of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and Parathyroid-related peptide (PTHrP) in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) OA. KN93, the competitive inhibitor of CaMKII, was added to the culture medium in vitro and was locally injected to rats TMJs (n = 54, female) every other day for 4 weeks from the beginning of the 5th and 9th week after installing of unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC), termed as 4 wk+4 wk and 8 wk+4 wk, accordingly. The RNA expression of CaMKII α (1.49 ± 0.09), CaMKII β (3.36 ± 0.20), Ihh (1.88 ± 0.06) and PTHrP (1.87 ± 0.12) was all enhanced, especially at 24 dyn/cm2 in vitro (all P < .05), accompanied with downregulated expression of cartilage matrix, but upregulated markers of chondrocytes differentiation (all P < 0.05). Similarity was observed in the 4 wk+4 wk group in vivo. In the 8 wk+4 wk group, UAC upregulated the RNA expression of CaMKII α (1.81 ± 0.24), CaMKII β (1.36 ± 0.07) and Ihh (1.70 ± 0.21), however, down-regulated PTHrP (0.53 ± 0.04) (all P < .05), in consonance with the protein expression. All these changes were attenuated by KN93 (all P < .05). In conclusion, CaMKII took a role, via Ihh and PTHrP pathways, in promoting biomechanically induced TMJ chondrocytes differentiation, the initiation issue of UAC stimulated osteoarthritic changes in rodent TMJs. Inhibiting CaMKII is helpful to rescue the biomechanically stimulated cartilage degradation and prospective to be a target treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - H-X Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - X-H Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - M Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - L Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - M Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - H-T Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - S-B Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - X-D Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - M Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Abstract
Connexons form the basis of hemichannels and gap junctions. They are composed of six tetraspan proteins called connexins. Connexons can function as individual hemichannels, releasing cytosolic factors (such as ATP) into the pericellular environment. Alternatively, two hemichannel connexons from neighbouring cells can come together to form gap junctions, membrane-spanning channels that facilitate cell-cell communication by enabling signalling molecules of approximately 1 kDa to pass from one cell to an adjacent cell. Connexins are expressed in joint tissues including bone, cartilage, skeletal muscle and the synovium. Indicative of their importance as gap junction components, connexins are also known as gap junction proteins, but individual connexin proteins are gaining recognition for their channel-independent roles, which include scaffolding and signalling functions. Considerable evidence indicates that connexons contribute to the function of bone and muscle, but less is known about the function of connexons in other joint tissues. However, the implication that connexins and gap junctional channels might be involved in joint disease, including age-related bone loss, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, emphasizes the need for further research into these areas and highlights the therapeutic potential of connexins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
| | - Roy W Qu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Damian C Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA
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20
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Esseltine JL, Shao Q, Brooks C, Sampson J, Betts DH, Séguin CA, Laird DW. Connexin43 Mutant Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Exhibit Altered Differentiation Potential. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1368-1385. [PMID: 28177159 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We present for the first time the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a patient with a connexin-linked disease. The importance of gap junctional intercellular communication in bone homeostasis is exemplified by the autosomal dominant developmental disorder oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD), which is linked to mutations in the GJA1 (Cx43) gene. ODDD is characterized by craniofacial malformations, ophthalmic deficits, enamel hypoplasia, and syndactyly. In addition to harboring a Cx43 p.V216L mutation, ODDD iPSCs exhibit reduced Cx43 mRNA and protein abundance when compared to control iPSCs and display impaired channel function. Osteogenic differentiation involved an early, and dramatic downregulation of Cx43 followed by a slight upregulation during the final stages of differentiation. Interestingly, osteoblast differentiation was delayed in ODDD iPSCs. Moreover, Cx43 subcellular localization was altered during chondrogenic differentiation of ODDD iPSCs compared to controls and this may have contributed to the more compact cartilage pellet morphology found in differentiated ODDD iPSCs. These studies highlight the importance of Cx43 expression and function during osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation, and establish a potential mechanism for how ODDD-associated Cx43 mutations may have altered cell lineages involved in bone and cartilage development. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Esseltine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario. London, ON, Canada
| | - Qing Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario. London, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney Brooks
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacinda Sampson
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Dean H Betts
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryle A Séguin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario. London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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21
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Nielsen BS, Hansen DB, Ransom BR, Nielsen MS, MacAulay N. Connexin Hemichannels in Astrocytes: An Assessment of Controversies Regarding Their Functional Characteristics. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2537-2550. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Plotkin LI, Laird DW, Amedee J. Role of connexins and pannexins during ontogeny, regeneration, and pathologies of bone. BMC Cell Biol 2016; 17 Suppl 1:19. [PMID: 27230612 PMCID: PMC4896274 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron micrographs revealed the presence of gap junctions in osteoblastic cells over 40 years ago. These intercellular channels formed from connexins are present in bone forming osteoblasts, bone resorbing osteoclasts, and osteocytes (mature osteoblasts embedded in the mineralized bone matrix). More recently, genetic and pharmacologic studies revealed the role of connexins, and in particular Cx43, in the differentiation and function of all bone types. Furthermore, mutations in the gene encoding Cx43 were found to be causally linked to oculodentodigital dysplasia, a condition that results in an abnormal skeleton. Pannexins, molecules with similar structure and single-membrane channel forming potential as connexins when organized as hemichannels, are also expressed in osteoblastic cells. The function of pannexins in bone and cartilage is beginning to be uncovered, but more research is needed to determine the role of pannexins in bone development, adult bone mass and skeletal homeostasis. We describe here the current knowledge on the role of connexins and pannexins on skeletal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center Indiana, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A-5C1, Canada
| | - Joelle Amedee
- INSERM U1026, Tissue Bioengineering, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
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Zhang M, Wang H, Zhang J, Zhang H, Yang H, Wan X, Jing L, Lu L, Liu X, Yu S, Chang W, Wang M. Unilateral anterior crossbite induces aberrant mineral deposition in degenerative temporomandibular cartilage in rats. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:921-31. [PMID: 26746151 PMCID: PMC5699887 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether mechanical stress induces mineral deposits that contribute to matrix degradation at the onset of osteoarthritis (OA) in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cartilage. DESIGN Female Spraguee-Dawley rats were subjected to an unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) procedure. Histology, electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to examine cartilage matrix structures and composition of mineral deposit in the affected TMJ cartilage. Protein and/or RNA expression of phenotypic markers and mineralization modulators and matrix degradation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and/or real-time PCR. Synthetic basic calcium phosphate (BCP) and calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate (CPPD) crystals were used to stimulate ATDC5 cells for their impact on cell differentiation and gene expression. RESULTS Fragmented and disorganized collagen fibers, expanded fibrous spaces, and enhancement of matrix vesicle production and mineral deposition were observed in matrices surrounding hypertrophic chondrocytes in cartilage as early as 2-weeks post-UAC and exacerbated with time. The mineral deposits in TMJ cartilage at 12- and 20-weeks post-UAC had Ca/P ratios of 1.42 and 1.44, which are similar to the ratios for BCP. The expression of mineralization inhibitors, NPP1, ANK, CD73, and Matrix gla protein (MGP) was decreased from 2 to 8 weeks post-UAC, so were the chondrogenic markers, Col-2, Col-X and aggrecan. In contrast, the expression of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and MMP13 was increased 4-weeks post-UAC. Treating ADTC5 cells with BCP crystals increased MMPs and ADAMTS5 expression, but reduced matrix production in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION UAC induces deposition of BCP-like minerals in osteoarthritic cartilage, which can stimulate matrix degradation by promoting the expression of cartilage-degrading enzymes to facilitate OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - H. Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - J. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - H. Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - X. Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - L. Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - L. Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - X. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - S. Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - W. Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, University of California, San Francisco, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - M. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: M. Wang, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. (M. Wang)
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24
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Yang H, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Jing L, Liao L, Wang M. TNF Accelerates Death of Mandibular Condyle Chondrocytes in Rats with Biomechanical Stimulation-Induced Temporomandibular Joint Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141774. [PMID: 26529096 PMCID: PMC4631347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine if temporomandibular joint chondrocyte apoptosis is induced in rats with dental biomechanical stimulation and what a role TNF takes. Methods Thirty-two rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8/group) and exposed to incisor mal-occlusion induced by unilateral anterior crossbite biomechanical stimulation. Two groups were sampled at 2 or 4 weeks. The other two groups were treated with local injections of a TNF inhibitor or PBS into the temporomandibular joints area at 2 weeks and then sampled at 4 weeks. Twenty-four rats either served as unilateral anterior crossbite mock operation controls (n = 8/group) with sampling at 2 or 4 weeks or received a local injection of the TNF inhibitor at 2 weeks with sampling at 4 weeks. Chondrocytes were isolated from the temporomandibular joints of 6 additional rats and treated with TNF in vitro. Joint samples were assessed using Hematoxylin&eosin, Safranin O, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry staining, real-time PCR, fluorogenic activity assays and Western blot analyses. The isolated chondrocytes were also analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Unilateral anterior crossbite stimulation led to temporomandibular joint cartilage degradation, associated with an increase in TUNEL-positive chondrocytes number, caspase-9 expression levels, and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria at 2 weeks without changes in TNF and caspase-8 levels until after 4 weeks. TNF stimulated apoptosis of the isolated chondrocytes and up-regulated caspase-8 expression, but did not change caspase-9 expression levels. Local injection of TNF inhibitor down-regulated caspase-8 expression and reduced TUNEL-positive cell number, but did not reverse cartilage thickness reduction, caspase-9 up-regulation or cytochrome c release. Conclusions Unilateral anterior crossbite stimulation induces mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis of articular chondrocytes. TNF accelerated the unilateral anterior crossbite induced chondrocytes apoptosis via death-receptor pathway. However, anti-TNF therapy does not prevent cartilage loss in this model of temporomandibular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle West Road, Xi’an, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle West Road, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle West Road, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle West Road, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle West Road, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle West Road, Xi’an, China
| | - Lifan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle West Road, Xi’an, China
| | - Meiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle West Road, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Plotkin LI, Stains JP. Connexins and pannexins in the skeleton: gap junctions, hemichannels and more. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2853-67. [PMID: 26091748 PMCID: PMC4503509 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of bone homeostasis depends on the concerted actions of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, controlled by osteocytes, cells derived from osteoblasts surrounded by bone matrix. The control of differentiation, viability and function of bone cells relies on the presence of connexins. Connexin43 regulates the expression of genes required for osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation directly or by changing the levels of osteocytic genes, and connexin45 may oppose connexin43 actions in osteoblastic cells. Connexin37 is required for osteoclast differentiation and its deletion results in increased bone mass. Less is known on the role of connexins in cartilage, ligaments and tendons. Connexin43, connexin45, connexin32, connexin46 and connexin29 are expressed in chondrocytes, while connexin43 and connexin32 are expressed in ligaments and tendons. Similarly, although the expression of pannexin1, pannexin2 and pannexin3 has been demonstrated in bone and cartilage cells, their function in these tissues is not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS 5035, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA,
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26
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Kibschull M, Gellhaus A, Carette D, Segretain D, Pointis G, Gilleron J. Physiological roles of connexins and pannexins in reproductive organs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2879-98. [PMID: 26100514 PMCID: PMC11114083 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive organs are complex and well-structured tissues essential to perpetuate the species. In mammals, the male and female reproductive organs vary on their organization, morphology and function. Connectivity between cells in such tissues plays pivotal roles in organogenesis and tissue functions through the regulation of cellular proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis. Connexins and pannexins can be seen as major regulators of these physiological processes. In the present review, we assembled several lines of evidence demonstrating that these two families of proteins are essential for male and female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kibschull
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, M5T 3H7 Canada
| | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Diane Carette
- UMR S1147, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- University of Versailles, 78035 Saint Quentin, France
- INSERM U 1065, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 151 Route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Dominique Segretain
- UMR S1147, University Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- University of Versailles, 78035 Saint Quentin, France
| | - Georges Pointis
- INSERM U 1065, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 151 Route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
| | - Jerome Gilleron
- INSERM U 1065, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 151 Route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
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Hansson E, Skiöldebrand E. Coupled cell networks are target cells of inflammation, which can spread between different body organs and develop into systemic chronic inflammation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015. [PMID: 26213498 PMCID: PMC4514450 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Several organs in the body comprise cells coupled into networks. These cells have in common that they are excitable but do not express action potentials. Furthermore, they are equipped with Ca2+ signaling systems, which can be intercellular and/or extracellular. The transport of small molecules between the cells occurs through gap junctions comprising connexin 43. Examples of cells coupled into networks include astrocytes, keratinocytes, chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts, osteoblasts, connective tissue cells, cardiac and corneal fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, hepatocytes, and different types of glandular cells. These cells are targets for inflammation, which can be initiated after injury or in disease. If the inflammation reaches the CNS, it develops into neuroinflammation and can be of importance in the development of systemic chronic inflammation, which can manifest as pain and result in changes in the expression and structure of cellular components. Biochemical parameters of importance for cellular functions are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Per Dubbsgatan 14, 1tr, , SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Skiöldebrand
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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28
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Connexin43 enhances the expression of osteoarthritis-associated genes in synovial fibroblasts in culture. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:425. [PMID: 25496568 PMCID: PMC4295231 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent work has shown that the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43) is upregulated in cells of the joint during osteoarthritis (OA). Here we examined if the OA-associated increase in Cx43 expression impacts the function of synovial fibroblasts by contributing to the production of catabolic and inflammatory factors that exacerbate joint destruction in arthritic disease. Methods Using rabbit and human synovial fibroblast cell lines, we examined the effects of Cx43 overexpression and Cx43 siRNA-mediated knockdown on the gene expression of OA-associated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP1 and MMP13), aggrecanases (ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5), and inflammatory factors (IL1, IL6 and PTGS2) by quantitative real time RT-PCR. We examined collagenase activity in conditioned media of cultured synovial cells following Cx43 overexpression. Lastly, we assessed the interplay between Cx43 and the NFκB cascade by western blotting and gene expression studies. Results Increasing Cx43 expression enhanced the gene expression of MMP1, MMP13, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, IL1, IL6 and PTGS2 and increased the secretion of collagenases into conditioned media of cultured synovial fibroblasts. Conversely, knockdown of Cx43 decreased expression of many of these catabolic and inflammatory genes. Modulation of Cx43 expression altered the phosphorylation of the NFκB subunit, p65, and inhibition of NFκB with chemical inhibitors blocked the effects of increased Cx43 expression on the mRNA levels of a subset of these catabolic and inflammatory genes. Conclusions Increasing or decreasing Cx43 expression alone was sufficient to alter the levels of catabolic and inflammatory genes expressed by synovial cells. The NFκB cascade mediated the effect of Cx43 on the expression of a subset of these OA-associated genes. As such, Cx43 may be involved in joint pathology during OA, and targeting Cx43 expression or function may be a viable therapeutic strategy to attenuate the catabolic and inflammatory environment of the joint during OA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2474-15-425) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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